14. 省察智解说的注释
14. Paccavekkhaṇañāṇaniddesavaṇṇanā
3. 慧品义注 · 5 段
65在省察智的解说中,先就在道刹那当下,以“因”的含义分别说明各道支;然后又把那些以“觉悟”的含义而得名为“菩提”的圣者支分——包括属于道支的法与不属于道支的法——按觉支的方式分别显示出来。念觉支、择法觉支、精进觉支、定觉支本身就是道支;喜觉支、轻安觉支、舍觉支则不是道支。接着,从“力”和“根”的角度分别解说时,只有信不是道支。然后,为了说明在道刹那生起的诸法,以聚集的方式显示它们,所以说了“以增上义”等话。其中,“以现前安立的含义为念处”,是指只有一种以涅槃为所缘的念,由于它完成了在身、受、心、法中舍弃净想、乐想、常想、我想的作用,所以称为四念处。只有一种以涅槃为所缘的精进,由于它完成了断除已生和未生的不善、令其不再生起,以及令未生和已生的善生起、安住的作用,所以称为四正勤。
65. Paccavekkhaṇañāṇaniddese maggakkhaṇeyeva hetuṭṭhena paṭhamaṃ maggaṅgāni visuṃ visuṃ vatvā puna maggaṅgabhūte ca amaggaṅgabhūte ca dhamme ‘‘bujjhanaṭṭhena bodhī’’ti laddhanāmassa ariyassa aṅgabhāvena bojjhaṅge visuṃ dassesi. Satidhammavicayavīriyasamādhisambojjhaṅgā hi maggaṅgāneva, pītipassaddhiupekkhāsambojjhaṅgā amaggaṅgāni. Puna balavasena indriyavasena ca visuṃ niddiṭṭhesu saddhā eva amaggaṅgabhūtā. Puna maggakkhaṇe jāteyeva dhamme rāsivasena dassento ādhipateyyaṭṭhenātiādimāha. Tattha upaṭṭhānaṭṭhena satipaṭṭhānāti ekāva nibbānārammaṇā sati kāyavedanācittadhammesu subhasukhaniccaattasaññāpahānakiccasādhanavasena cattāro satipaṭṭhānā nāma. Nibbānārammaṇaṃ ekameva vīriyaṃ uppannānuppannānaṃ akusalānaṃ pahānānuppattikiccassa, anuppannuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ uppādaṭṭhitikiccassa sādhanavasena cattāro sammappadhānā nāma.
以“如实”的意义称为谛,是指在对苦性等法不生欺诳的意义上,有四种圣谛。在这里,正是这四谛以通达的意义在那个时候生起;而另外单独说的“不死之所入——涅槃”,则是涅槃本身,其余诸法是以获得的意义在那个时候生起。从“以如实义为谛,在那个时候生起”这句话来看,应当得出结论:在道与果的终点,必然会省察四谛。又因为经文说“了知:应作已作,不再有这样的状态”,以及“苦已被遍知,集已被断除,灭已被证得,道已被修习”这样的省察,可知省察是必然的。这样省察也是合理的。这里所说的“集”,应当理解为各别圣道所应断除的烦恼。正是依据这里所说的对集的省察,注释中说:两种烦恼的省察,以及道、果、涅槃的省察,在这里都以本来面目出现了。只是没有提到对苦的省察。虽然没有提到,但依据经典本身和合理性,仍然应当接受。因为一个为了通达圣谛而修行的人,在完成圣谛的通达之后,自然会省察自己所完成的事,这是合理的。“以不散乱义为止”等语,是为了显示与道相应的止和观这些法,具有一味性、不相超越,所以才这样说。以守护义为戒清净,就是指正语、正业、正命本身。以不散乱义为心清净,就是指正定本身。以见义为见清净,就是指正见本身。以解脱义,是指以彻底断除的方式从圣道所应断的烦恼中解脱出来,或者是指以涅槃为所缘而决意朝向它。解脱,是指彻底断除的解脱,就是圣道本身。以通达义为明,是指以通达圣谛的意义为明,就是正见本身。以舍离义为解脱,是指以舍弃圣道所应断的烦恼、从那里解脱出来的意义为解脱,就是圣道本身。以彻底断除义为尽智,是指以断尽烦恼的意义,在能断尽烦恼的圣道中的智,就是正见本身。
Tathaṭṭhena saccāti dukkhabhāvādīsu avisaṃvādakaṭṭhena cattāri ariyasaccāni. Etāneva cettha paṭivedhaṭṭhena tadā samudāgatāni, ‘‘amatogadhaṃ nibbāna’’nti visuṃ vuttaṃ nibbānañca, sesā pana dhammā paṭilābhaṭṭhena tadā samudāgatā. ‘‘Tathaṭṭhena saccā tadā samudāgatā’’ti vacanato maggaphalapariyosāne avassaṃ cattāri saccāni paccavekkhatīti niṭṭhamettha gantabbaṃ. ‘‘Kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.248) vacanato ca ‘‘dukkhaṃ me pariññātaṃ, samudayo me pahīno, nirodho me sacchikato, maggo ca me bhāvito’’ti paccavekkhaṇaṃ vuttameva hoti. Tathā paccavekkhaṇaṃ yujjati ca. Samudayoti cettha taṃtaṃmaggavajjhoyeva veditabbo. Ettha vuttasamudayapaccavekkhaṇavaseneva aṭṭhakathāyaṃ duvidhaṃ kilesapaccavekkhaṇaṃ maggaphalanibbānapaccavekkhaṇāni idha sarūpeneva āgatānīti vuttāni. Kevalaṃ dukkhapaccavekkhaṇameva na vuttaṃ. Kiñcāpi na vuttaṃ, atha kho pāṭhasabbhāvato yuttisabbhāvato ca gahetabbameva. Saccapaṭivedhatthañhi paṭipannassa niṭṭhite saccapaṭivedhe sayaṃ katakiccapaccavekkhaṇaṃ yuttamevāti. Avikkhepaṭṭhena samathotiādi maggasampayutte eva samathavipassanādhamme ekarasaṭṭhena anativattanaṭṭhena ca dassetuṃ vuttaṃ. Saṃvaraṭṭhena sīlavisuddhīti sammāvācākammantājīvā eva. Avikkhepaṭṭhena cittavisuddhīti sammāsamādhi eva. Dassanaṭṭhena diṭṭhivisuddhīti sammādiṭṭhiyeva. Vimuttaṭṭhenāti samucchedavasena maggavajjhakilesehi muccanaṭṭhena, nibbānārammaṇe vā adhimuccanaṭṭhena. Vimokkhoti samucchedavimokkho, ariyamaggoyeva. Paṭivedhaṭṭhena vijjāti saccapaṭivedhaṭṭhena vijjā, sammādiṭṭhiyeva. Pariccāgaṭṭhena vimuttīti maggavajjhakilesānaṃ pajahanaṭṭhena tato muccanato vimutti, ariyamaggoyeva. Samucchedaṭṭhena khaye ñāṇanti kilesasamucchindanaṭṭhena kilesakkhayakare ariyamagge ñāṇaṃ, sammādiṭṭhiyeva.
欲等法应当依照前面所说的方式来了知。不过这里只在道刹那,才以道的初、中、后三个阶段来显示。这里的“解脱”就是道的解脱。虽然在“以如实之义为谛”那里已经提到了涅槃,但在这里为了显示它作为最终归宿,所以再次说,应当这样理解。在果刹那,这个道理也一样。不过在这里,“以因的意义为道”仅以果道之性成为道。“正勤”应当理解为:在道刹那完成四种作用,到了果生起的刹那,因为已经成就,所以这样说。否则在果刹那,正勤本身就不可得。因为长老在举示道刹那三十七菩提分法时说:“在果刹那,除了四正勤,其余三十三法可得。”同样,诸谛等也应当依照相应情况,以证悟作用等成就的方式来了知。“解脱”是果解脱。“解脱”是果解脱。以寂静之义,在无生中的智,就是所说的意思。“出起”是因为没有中间出起,所以以果为终结而这样说。“这些法在那时集起”:上述诸法,在道刹那与果刹那已经集起,他如此审察。应当将“iti”一词作为句子的剩余部分,如此连接来了知。
Chandādayo heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva veditabbā. Kevalañhettha maggakkhaṇeyeva maggassa ādimajjhapariyosānākārena dassitā. Vimuttīti cettha maggavimuttiyeva. ‘‘Tathaṭṭhena saccā’’ti ettha gahitampi ca nibbānaṃ idha pariyosānabhāvadassanatthaṃ puna vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Phalakkhaṇepi eseva nayo. Ettha pana hetuṭṭhena maggoti phalamaggabhāveneva. Sammappadhānāti maggakkhaṇe catukiccasādhakassa vīriyakiccassa phalassa uppādakkhaṇe siddhattā vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Aññathā hi phalakkhaṇe sammappadhānā eva na labbhanti. Vuttañhi maggakkhaṇe sattatiṃsa bodhipakkhiyadhamme uddharantena therena ‘‘phalakkhaṇe ṭhapetvā cattāro sammappadhāne avasesā tettiṃsa dhammā labbhantī’’ti. Evameva paṭivedhakiccādisiddhivasena saccādīnipi yathāyogaṃ veditabbāni. Vimokkhoti ca phalavimokkho. Vimuttīti phalavimutti. Paṭippassaddhaṭṭhena anuppāde ñāṇaṃ vuttatthameva. Vuṭṭhahitvāti antarā vuṭṭhānābhāvā phalāvasānena evaṃ vuttaṃ. Ime dhammā tadā samudāgatāti ime vuttappakārā dhammā maggakkhaṇe phalakkhaṇe ca samudāgatāti paccavekkhatīti iti-saddaṃ pāṭhasesaṃ katvā sambandho veditabbo.