梵网经显示巴利原文
1. Brahmajālasuttaṃ
游方者论显示巴利原文
Paribbājakakathā
1 如是我闻:一时,世尊与大比丘僧团约五百人,正行进于王舍城与那烂陀之间的路上。游方者须卑也带着弟子青年梵授,正行进于王舍城与那烂陀之间的同一条路上。一路上,游方者须卑以种种方式毁谤佛、毁谤法、毁谤僧;而游方者须卑的弟子青年梵授,却以种种方式称赞佛、称赞法、称赞僧。就这样,这师徒二人各自持着截然相反的言词,紧随世尊与比丘僧团而行。显示巴利原文
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā antarā ca rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷandaṃ addhānamaggappaṭipanno hoti mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi. Suppiyopi kho paribbājako antarā ca rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷandaṃ addhānamaggappaṭipanno hoti saddhiṃ antevāsinā brahmadattena māṇavena. Tatra sudaṃ suppiyo paribbājako anekapariyāyena buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; suppiyassa pana paribbājakassa antevāsī brahmadatto māṇavo anekapariyāyena buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Itiha te ubho ācariyantevāsī aññamaññassa ujuvipaccanīkavādā bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhā honti bhikkhusaṅghañca.
2 那时,世尊与比丘僧团一同在庵婆罗园的王家旅舍住了一夜。游方者须卑也带着他的青年弟子梵授,住进了那间王家旅舍。在那里,游方者须卑同样以种种方式谤佛、谤法、谤僧;而游方者须卑的弟子青年梵授,却以种种方式称赞佛、称赞法、称赞僧。就这样,师徒二人各自说着全然相反的话,同住在那里。显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ rājāgārake ekarattivāsaṃ upagacchi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena. Suppiyopi kho paribbājako ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ rājāgārake ekarattivāsaṃ upagacchi antevāsinā brahmadattena māṇavena. Tatrapi sudaṃ suppiyo paribbājako anekapariyāyena buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; suppiyassa pana paribbājakassa antevāsī brahmadatto māṇavo anekapariyāyena buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Itiha te ubho ācariyantevāsī aññamaññassa ujuvipaccanīkavādā viharanti.
3 那时,众多比丘在破晓时分起来后,聚集在圆厅里,彼此间生起了这样的议论:“朋友们,真是稀有!朋友们,真是不可思议!那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者的世尊,竟能如此善巧地了知众生种种不同的倾向。这位游方者须卑以种种方式谤佛、谤法、谤僧;而游方者须卑的弟子青年梵授,却以种种方式称赞佛、称赞法、称赞僧。就这样,这师徒两人,说着完全相反的话,紧跟在世尊和比丘僧团后面,一步不离。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho sambahulānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhitānaṃ maṇḍalamāḷe sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayaṃ saṅkhiyadhammo udapādi – ‘‘acchariyaṃ, āvuso, abbhutaṃ, āvuso, yāvañcidaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sattānaṃ nānādhimuttikatā suppaṭividitā. Ayañhi suppiyo paribbājako anekapariyāyena buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; suppiyassa pana paribbājakassa antevāsī brahmadatto māṇavo anekapariyāyena buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Itihame ubho ācariyantevāsī aññamaññassa ujuvipaccanīkavādā bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhā honti bhikkhusaṅghañcā’’ti.
4 那时,世尊了知了这些比丘的这番议论,便前往圆厅;到了之后,在铺好的座位上坐下。坐下后,世尊问诸比丘:“诸比丘,你们此刻聚在一起,正在谈论什么?你们中断的话题是什么?”听了这话,诸比丘便对世尊说:“尊者,我们这些人在破晓时分起来,聚集在圆厅后,心里生起了这样的议论:‘朋友们,真是稀有!朋友们,真是不可思议!那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者的世尊,竟能如此善巧地了知众生种种不同的倾向。这位游方者须卑以种种方式谤佛、谤法、谤僧;而游方者须卑的弟子青年梵授,却以种种方式称赞佛、称赞法、称赞僧。就这样,这师徒两人,说着完全相反的话,紧跟在世尊和比丘僧团后面,一步不离。’尊者,这就是我们尚未说完的话题,那时世尊您就到了。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ imaṃ saṅkhiyadhammaṃ viditvā yena maṇḍalamāḷo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘kāyanuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā sannipatitā, kā ca pana vo antarākathā vippakatā’’ti? Evaṃ vutte te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘idha, bhante, amhākaṃ rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhitānaṃ maṇḍalamāḷe sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayaṃ saṅkhiyadhammo udapādi – ‘acchariyaṃ, āvuso, abbhutaṃ, āvuso, yāvañcidaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sattānaṃ nānādhimuttikatā suppaṭividitā. Ayañhi suppiyo paribbājako anekapariyāyena buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; suppiyassa pana paribbājakassa antevāsī brahmadatto māṇavo anekapariyāyena buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Itihame ubho ācariyantevāsī aññamaññassa ujuvipaccanīkavādā bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhā honti bhikkhusaṅghañcā’ti. Ayaṃ kho no, bhante, antarākathā vippakatā, atha bhagavā anuppatto’’ti.
5 “诸比丘,若有人毁谤我、毁谤法、毁谤僧,你们不应因此生起愤恨、不满或内心的恼怒。若有人毁谤我、毁谤法、毁谤僧,而你们因此生气或不悦,那对你们自身便是一种障碍。诸比丘,若有人毁谤我、毁谤法、毁谤僧,你们因此而生气、不悦,那么你们还能分辨出他人所说的是善说还是恶说吗?”“尊者,不能。”“诸比丘,若有人毁谤我、毁谤法、毁谤僧,你们便应当对其中不实之处,如实地澄清:‘此非实;此非真;此种过失在我们身上了不可得,于我们中并不存在。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘Mamaṃ vā, bhikkhave, pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, dhammassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, saṅghassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, tatra tumhehi na āghāto na appaccayo na cetaso anabhiraddhi karaṇīyā. Mamaṃ vā, bhikkhave , pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, dhammassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, saṅghassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, tatra ce tumhe assatha kupitā vā anattamanā vā, tumhaṃ yevassa tena antarāyo. Mamaṃ vā, bhikkhave, pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, dhammassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, saṅghassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, tatra ce tumhe assatha kupitā vā anattamanā vā, api nu tumhe paresaṃ subhāsitaṃ dubbhāsitaṃ ājāneyyāthā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Mamaṃ vā, bhikkhave, pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, dhammassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, saṅghassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, tatra tumhehi abhūtaṃ abhūtato nibbeṭhetabbaṃ – ‘itipetaṃ abhūtaṃ, itipetaṃ atacchaṃ, natthi cetaṃ amhesu, na ca panetaṃ amhesu saṃvijjatī’ti.
6 “诸比丘,若有人赞叹我、赞叹法、赞叹僧,你们不应因此生起欢喜、喜悦或内心的得意。若有人赞叹我、赞叹法、赞叹僧,而你们因此欢喜、喜悦、得意,那对你们自身便是一种障碍。诸比丘,若有人赞叹我、赞叹法、赞叹僧,你们便应当对其中真实之处,如实地承认:‘此是实;此是真;此种功德在我们身上确实可见,于我们中是存在的。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘Mamaṃ vā, bhikkhave, pare vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, dhammassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, saṅghassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, tatra tumhehi na ānando na somanassaṃ na cetaso uppilāvitattaṃ karaṇīyaṃ. Mamaṃ vā, bhikkhave, pare vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, dhammassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, saṅghassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, tatra ce tumhe assatha ānandino sumanā uppilāvitā tumhaṃ yevassa tena antarāyo. Mamaṃ vā, bhikkhave, pare vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, dhammassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, saṅghassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, tatra tumhehi bhūtaṃ bhūtato paṭijānitabbaṃ – ‘itipetaṃ bhūtaṃ, itipetaṃ tacchaṃ, atthi cetaṃ amhesu, saṃvijjati ca panetaṃ amhesū’ti.
7 “诸比丘,凡夫赞叹如来时,所说的无非是些琐碎、粗浅的微细戒行。诸比丘,凡夫用以赞叹如来的那些琐碎、粗浅的微细戒行,究竟是哪些呢?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Appamattakaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, oramattakaṃ sīlamattakaṃ, yena puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya. Katamañca taṃ, bhikkhave, appamattakaṃ oramattakaṃ sīlamattakaṃ, yena puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya?
8 “诸比丘,凡夫会这样赞叹如来:‘沙门乔达摩已舍离杀生,远离杀生,放下棍棒与刀杖,常怀惭耻,具足悲悯,为利益与哀愍一切众生而住。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo nihitadaṇḍo, nihitasattho, lajjī, dayāpanno, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharatī’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
“诸比丘,凡夫会这样赞叹如来:‘沙门乔达摩已舍离不与取,远离不与取,唯取所施,唯望所施,以不盗而自守清净,安住其中。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo dinnādāyī dinnapāṭikaṅkhī, athenena sucibhūtena attanā viharatī’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
诸比丘,凡夫会这样赞叹如来:‘沙门乔达摩舍离了非梵行,是梵行者,住于远离,彻底戒除凡俗的淫欲法。’显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Abrahmacariyaṃ pahāya brahmacārī samaṇo gotamo ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
9 “诸比丘,凡夫会这样赞叹如来:‘沙门乔达摩舍离了妄语,远离妄语,他说真实之语,持守真实,诚实、可靠,不以言语欺诳世间。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo saccavādī saccasandho theto paccayiko avisaṃvādako lokassā’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
“诸比丘,凡夫会这样赞叹如来:‘沙门乔达摩舍离了离间语,远离离间语。他不将此处所闻说于彼处以离间他们,亦不将彼处所闻说于此处以离间这些。他调和分裂者,扶持和合者,喜爱和合,乐于和合,欣悦和合,只说成就和合的话语。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Pisuṇaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo, ito sutvā na amutra akkhātā imesaṃ bhedāya, amutra vā sutvā na imesaṃ akkhātā amūsaṃ bhedāya. Iti bhinnānaṃ vā sandhātā, sahitānaṃ vā anuppadātā samaggārāmo samaggarato samagganandī samaggakaraṇiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
诸比丘,凡夫在赞叹如来时,会这样说:‘沙门乔达摩已舍离粗恶语,远离粗恶语。他说的话语柔和、悦耳、满含亲切、深入人心、彬彬有礼,为大众所喜爱、所受用,他说的正是这样的话语。’显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Pharusaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo, yā sā vācā nelā kaṇṇasukhā pemanīyā hadayaṅgamā porī bahujanakantā bahujanamanāpā tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
诸比丘,凡夫在赞叹如来时,会这样说:‘沙门乔达摩已舍离杂秽语,远离杂秽语。他说话适时、真实、有义、如法、如律,在恰当的时机,说出那些值得铭记、有道理、要言不烦、具足利益的话语。’显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Samphappalāpaṃ pahāya samphappalāpā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī, nidhānavatiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā kālena sāpadesaṃ pariyantavatiṃ atthasaṃhita’nti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
10 诸比丘,凡夫在赞叹如来时,会这样说:‘沙门乔达摩远离了伤害植物及种子的行为。’显示巴利原文
‘Bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave…pe….
沙门乔达摩日唯一食,夜分止息,远离非时食。……显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Ekabhattiko samaṇo gotamo rattūparato virato vikālabhojanā….
沙门乔达摩远离观看舞蹈、歌唱、奏乐等娱乐表演。……显示巴利原文
Naccagītavāditavisūkadassanā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离佩戴花环、涂抹香料香膏,以及种种装饰打扮。……显示巴利原文
Mālāgandhavilepanadhāraṇamaṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离高广大床。……显示巴利原文
Uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离收受金银。……显示巴利原文
Jātarūparajatapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离收受生谷。……显示巴利原文
Āmakadhaññapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩不受取生肉。……显示巴利原文
Āmakamaṃsapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩不受纳妇女与童女。……显示巴利原文
Itthikumārikapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩不受蓄男女奴婢。……显示巴利原文
Dāsidāsapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离接受山羊与绵羊。……显示巴利原文
Ajeḷakapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离接受鸡与猪。……显示巴利原文
Kukkuṭasūkarapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离接受象、牛、马与牝马。……显示巴利原文
Hatthigavassavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离接受田地与宅地。……显示巴利原文
Khettavatthupaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离送信传讯、奔走差遣之事。……显示巴利原文
Dūteyyapahiṇagamanānuyogā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离买卖。……显示巴利原文
Kayavikkayā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离了在秤、金银与量器上的伪诈行为……显示巴利原文
Tulākūṭakaṃsakūṭamānakūṭā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离了贿赂、诈骗、诡计与欺诳等不正当的行为……显示巴利原文
Ukkoṭanavañcananikatisāciyogā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
诸比丘,凡夫在赞叹如来时或许会这样说:‘沙门乔达摩远离了残害、杀戮、束缚、劫掠、抢夺与暴力等恶行。’显示巴利原文
Chedanavadhabandhanaviparāmosaālopasahasākārā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
11 比丘们,若有人想要称赞如来,或许会这样说:'有些受人敬重的沙门与婆罗门,在受用他人出于信心所施与的食物之后,仍从事于伤害种子与草木的行为,诸如:根种、茎种、节种、顶种,以及第五类——种子本身。沙门乔达摩则远离了如此伤害种子与草木的行为。'显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhaṃ anuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – mūlabījaṃ khandhabījaṃ phaḷubījaṃ aggabījaṃ bījabījameva pañcamaṃ ; iti evarūpā bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
12 有些受人尊敬的沙门和婆罗门,受用信施供养的食物后,却仍从事于积存和享受种种物品的行为,如:储存食物、储存饮品、储存衣服、储存车辆、储存卧具、储存香料、储存肉食等。沙门乔达摩则远离了这种储存和享受物品的行为。显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ sannidhikāraparibhogaṃ anuyuttā viharanti , seyyathidaṃ – annasannidhiṃ pānasannidhiṃ vatthasannidhiṃ yānasannidhiṃ sayanasannidhiṃ gandhasannidhiṃ āmisasannidhiṃ iti vā iti evarūpā sannidhikāraparibhogā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
13 比丘们,若有凡夫想要称赞如来,或许会这样说:‘有些受人尊敬的沙门与婆罗门,在受用了他人出于信心所供养的食物之后,竟还沉溺于观看种种娱乐表演,诸如:舞蹈、歌唱、音乐演奏、戏剧、说书、手铃乐、铙钹乐、魔幻表演、铁圈舞、竹马戏、象战、马战、水牛战、公牛战、山羊战、公羊战、斗鸡、鹌鹑斗、棍棒打斗、拳击、摔跤、军事演练、军队编队、阅兵等。沙门乔达摩则远离观看此类娱乐表演。’显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ visūkadassanaṃ anuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – naccaṃ gītaṃ vāditaṃ pekkhaṃ akkhānaṃ pāṇissaraṃ vetāḷaṃ kumbhathūṇaṃ sobhanakaṃ caṇḍālaṃ vaṃsaṃ dhovanaṃ hatthiyuddhaṃ assayuddhaṃ mahiṃsayuddhaṃ usabhayuddhaṃ ajayuddhaṃ meṇḍayuddhaṃ kukkuṭayuddhaṃ vaṭṭakayuddhaṃ daṇḍayuddhaṃ muṭṭhiyuddhaṃ nibbuddhaṃ uyyodhikaṃ balaggaṃ senābyūhaṃ anīkadassanaṃ iti vā iti evarūpā visūkadassanā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
14 诸比丘,若有凡夫欲称赞如来,他也许会这样称述:‘有些受人尊敬的沙门与婆罗门,在受用了他人以信心供养的食物之后,竟还耽著于此类令人放纵、懈怠的戏乐,譬如:八条盘棋、十条盘棋、空中棋盘、跳房子、排石子、掷骰棍、手指猜枚、骰子、叶笛、小锄犁、翻筋斗、风车戏、树叶量器、小车、小弓、猜字、猜意、模仿残缺。沙门乔达摩则远离了此种令人放纵、懈怠的戏乐。’显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyogaṃ anuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – aṭṭhapadaṃ dasapadaṃ ākāsaṃ parihārapathaṃ santikaṃ khalikaṃ ghaṭikaṃ salākahatthaṃ akkhaṃ paṅgacīraṃ vaṅkakaṃ mokkhacikaṃ ciṅgulikaṃ pattāḷhakaṃ rathakaṃ dhanukaṃ akkharikaṃ manesikaṃ yathāvajjaṃ iti vā iti evarūpā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyogā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
15 诸比丘,凡夫在赞叹如来时,或许会这样说:‘有些沙门婆罗门,受用信施之食后,却沉迷于使用高广大床,诸如:高椅、长榻、长毛毡、杂色毛毯、白毛毯、绣花毯、棉垫、有图案的毯、两端垂穗的毯、一端垂穗的毯、织金毯、绢丝毯、舞者用毯、象鞍毯、马鞍毯、车毡、羊皮拼接毯、顶级羚羊皮垫、有顶篷的床、两端有红枕的床——沙门乔达摩已舍离这一切高广大床。’显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ uccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ anuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – āsandiṃ pallaṅkaṃ gonakaṃ cittakaṃ paṭikaṃ paṭalikaṃ tūlikaṃ vikatikaṃ uddalomiṃ ekantalomiṃ kaṭṭissaṃ koseyyaṃ kuttakaṃ hatthattharaṃ assattharaṃ rathattharaṃ ajinappaveṇiṃ kadalimigapavarapaccattharaṇaṃ sauttaracchadaṃ ubhatolohitakūpadhānaṃ iti vā iti evarūpā uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
16 诸比丘,凡夫在赞叹如来时,或许会这样说:‘有些沙门婆罗门,受用信施之食后,却沉迷于各种装饰打扮,诸如:涂油、按摩、沐浴、推拿、照镜、涂眼膏、戴花环、涂香、抹香粉、涂唇膏、戴手镯、扎顶髻、持手杖、用药筒、佩剑、打伞、穿彩鞋、戴头巾、戴宝石、持拂尘、穿着长曳白衣——沙门乔达摩已舍离这一切装饰打扮。’显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ maṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānānuyogaṃ anuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – ucchādanaṃ parimaddanaṃ nhāpanaṃ sambāhanaṃ ādāsaṃ añjanaṃ mālāgandhavilepanaṃ mukhacuṇṇaṃ mukhalepanaṃ hatthabandhaṃ sikhābandhaṃ daṇḍaṃ nāḷikaṃ asiṃ chattaṃ citrupāhanaṃ uṇhīsaṃ maṇiṃ vālabījaniṃ odātāni vatthāni dīghadasāni iti vā iti evarūpā maṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānānuyogā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
17 诸比丘,凡夫赞叹如来时,或许会这样说:‘有些沙门与婆罗门,受用信施供养的食物之后,却乐著于种种低俗的言谈,譬如:国王论、盗贼论、大臣论、军队论、恐怖论、战争论、食物论、饮品论、衣服论、床具论、华鬘论、香熏论、亲族论、车乘论、村庄论、市镇论、都城论、国邦论、女色论、勇士论、街巷论、井池论、亡故先人论、世间异闻论、世间起源论、海洋起源论、或有或无之论——沙门乔达摩远离了所有此类低俗的言谈。’显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ tiracchānakathaṃ anuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – rājakathaṃ corakathaṃ mahāmattakathaṃ senākathaṃ bhayakathaṃ yuddhakathaṃ annakathaṃ pānakathaṃ vatthakathaṃ sayanakathaṃ mālākathaṃ gandhakathaṃ ñātikathaṃ yānakathaṃ gāmakathaṃ nigamakathaṃ nagarakathaṃ janapadakathaṃ itthikathaṃ sūrakathaṃ visikhākathaṃ kumbhaṭṭhānakathaṃ pubbapetakathaṃ nānattakathaṃ lokakkhāyikaṃ samuddakkhāyikaṃ itibhavābhavakathaṃ iti vā iti evarūpāya tiracchānakathāya paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
18 “诸比丘,凡夫赞叹如来时,或许会这样说:‘有些沙门婆罗门,吃了信众供养的食物,却沉迷于争论性的谈话,例如:“你不懂这法和律,我懂;你怎么可能懂这法和律?你走错了路,我走的才对;我说的才连贯,你说的不连贯;该先说的你后说,该后说的你先说;你那一套早已被推翻;你的论点已被驳倒;你输了;去把你的论点理清吧;能自圆其说的话就试试看。”沙门乔达摩已完全远离这类争论性的谈话。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ viggāhikakathaṃ anuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – na tvaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānāsi, ahaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānāmi, kiṃ tvaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānissasi, micchā paṭipanno tvamasi, ahamasmi sammā paṭipanno, sahitaṃ me, asahitaṃ te, purevacanīyaṃ pacchā avaca, pacchāvacanīyaṃ pure avaca, adhiciṇṇaṃ te viparāvattaṃ, āropito te vādo, niggahito tvamasi, cara vādappamokkhāya, nibbeṭhehi vā sace pahosīti iti vā iti evarūpāya viggāhikakathāya paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
19 “诸比丘,凡夫赞叹如来时,或许会这样说:‘有些沙门婆罗门,吃了信众供养的食物,却沉迷于为人跑腿传信,例如为国王、大臣、刹帝利、婆罗门、居士和王子们传话:“去这里,去那里;把这个拿去,把那个带来。”沙门乔达摩已完全远离这类跑腿传信的俗务。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ dūteyyapahiṇagamanānuyogaṃ anuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – raññaṃ, rājamahāmattānaṃ, khattiyānaṃ, brāhmaṇānaṃ, gahapatikānaṃ, kumārānaṃ ‘‘idha gaccha, amutrāgaccha, idaṃ hara, amutra idaṃ āharā’’ti iti vā iti evarūpā dūteyyapahiṇagamanānuyogā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
20 诸比丘,凡夫赞叹如来时,或许会这样说:‘有些沙门婆罗门,受了信众供养的食物,却沉溺于欺诈、花言巧语、暗示、贬损他人,以及用利养谋取利养的行径。沙门乔达摩则完全远离了这类欺诈与花言巧语。’显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te kuhakā ca honti, lapakā ca nemittikā ca nippesikā ca, lābhena lābhaṃ nijigīṃsitāro ca iti evarūpā kuhanalapanā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
21 “又有一些沙门婆罗门,受了信施供养的食物后,却靠这类畜生般的技艺、以邪命谋生而过活。诸如:观肢体相、察征兆、解灾异、占梦、看相、辨鼠咬痕;举行火供、杓供、谷壳供、米糠供、米供、酥油供、油供、口供、血供;操持肢体明术、宅地明术、武士明术、吉祥明术、鬼神明术;修习地术、蛇术、毒术、蝎术、鼠术、鸟术、鸦术;预言寿命、念诵弓箭护咒、辨识兽声。而沙门乔达摩则完全远离了这类畜生般的技艺与邪命谋生。”诸比丘,若有凡夫欲赞叹如来,便会如此赞叹。显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti , seyyathidaṃ – aṅgaṃ nimittaṃ uppātaṃ supinaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ mūsikacchinnaṃ aggihomaṃ dabbihomaṃ thusahomaṃ kaṇahomaṃ taṇḍulahomaṃ sappihomaṃ telahomaṃ mukhahomaṃ lohitahomaṃ aṅgavijjā vatthuvijjā khattavijjā sivavijjā bhūtavijjā bhūrivijjā ahivijjā visavijjā vicchikavijjā mūsikavijjā sakuṇavijjā vāyasavijjā pakkajjhānaṃ saraparittāṇaṃ migacakkaṃ iti vā iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
22 又有些沙门婆罗门,在享用了信施供养的食物后,却依畜生般的技艺、以不正当的谋生方式过活。诸如:观珠宝相、观衣相、观杖相、观刀相、观剑相、观箭相、观弓相、观武器相、观女相、观男相、观童男相、观童女相、观奴仆相、观婢女相、观象相、观马相、观水牛相、观公牛相、观牛相、观山羊相、观绵羊相、观鸡相、观鹌鹑相、观蜥蜴相、观耳环相、观龟相、观鹿相。沙门乔达摩,则完全远离了如此畜生般的技艺和不正当的谋生方式。诸比丘,凡夫若要赞叹如来,便会如此说。显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti, seyyathidaṃ – maṇilakkhaṇaṃ vatthalakkhaṇaṃ daṇḍalakkhaṇaṃ satthalakkhaṇaṃ asilakkhaṇaṃ usulakkhaṇaṃ dhanulakkhaṇaṃ āvudhalakkhaṇaṃ itthilakkhaṇaṃ purisalakkhaṇaṃ kumāralakkhaṇaṃ kumārilakkhaṇaṃ dāsalakkhaṇaṃ dāsilakkhaṇaṃ hatthilakkhaṇaṃ assalakkhaṇaṃ mahiṃsalakkhaṇaṃ usabhalakkhaṇaṃ golakkhaṇaṃ ajalakkhaṇaṃ meṇḍalakkhaṇaṃ kukkuṭalakkhaṇaṃ vaṭṭakalakkhaṇaṃ godhālakkhaṇaṃ kaṇṇikālakkhaṇaṃ kacchapalakkhaṇaṃ migalakkhaṇaṃ iti vā iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
23 又有些沙门婆罗门,在享用了信施供养的食物后,却依畜生般的技艺、以不正当的谋生方式过活。例如作这样的预言:‘国王们将出征,或不出征;我方国王将进攻,敌方国王将撤退;敌方国王将进攻,我方国王将撤退;我方国王将获胜,敌方国王将败北;敌方国王将获胜,我方国王将败北;此人将得胜,彼人将败亡。’沙门乔达摩,则完全远离了如此畜生般的技艺和不正当的谋生方式。诸比丘,凡夫若要赞叹如来,便会如此说。显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti, seyyathidaṃ – raññaṃ niyyānaṃ bhavissati, raññaṃ aniyyānaṃ bhavissati, abbhantarānaṃ raññaṃ upayānaṃ bhavissati, bāhirānaṃ raññaṃ apayānaṃ bhavissati, bāhirānaṃ raññaṃ upayānaṃ bhavissati, abbhantarānaṃ raññaṃ apayānaṃ bhavissati, abbhantarānaṃ raññaṃ jayo bhavissati, bāhirānaṃ raññaṃ parājayo bhavissati, bāhirānaṃ raññaṃ jayo bhavissati, abbhantarānaṃ raññaṃ parājayo bhavissati, iti imassa jayo bhavissati, imassa parājayo bhavissati iti vā iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
24 又有一些沙门和婆罗门,在享用信施所供的食物之后,却依止这类畜生般的技艺,以邪命谋生。譬如,他们作出这样的预言:‘将有月食,将有日食,将有星食;日月将沿正轨运行,将脱离正轨运行;星辰将沿正轨运行,将脱离正轨运行;将有流星坠落,将有天火燃烧,将有地震,将有天鼓响;日月星辰的升起、沉落、昏浊、清亮,都将发生。’他们还预言:‘月食会有如此的果报,日食会有如此的果报,星食会有如此的果报;日月沿正轨运行会有如此的果报,日月脱离正轨运行会有如此的果报;星辰沿正轨运行会有如此的果报,星辰脱离正轨运行会有如此的果报;流星坠落会有如此的果报,天火燃烧会有如此的果报,地震会有如此的果报,天鼓响会有如此的果报;日月星辰的升起、沉落、昏浊、清亮,会有如此的果报。’而沙门乔达摩,则完全远离了这类畜生般的技艺与邪命。诸比丘,凡夫若要以实赞叹如来,便会这样说。显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti, seyyathidaṃ – candaggāho bhavissati, sūriyaggāho bhavissati, nakkhattaggāho bhavissati, candimasūriyānaṃ pathagamanaṃ bhavissati, candimasūriyānaṃ uppathagamanaṃ bhavissati, nakkhattānaṃ pathagamanaṃ bhavissati, nakkhattānaṃ uppathagamanaṃ bhavissati, ukkāpāto bhavissati, disāḍāho bhavissati, bhūmicālo bhavissati, devadudrabhi bhavissati, candimasūriyanakkhattānaṃ uggamanaṃ ogamanaṃ saṃkilesaṃ vodānaṃ bhavissati, evaṃvipāko candaggāho bhavissati, evaṃvipāko sūriyaggāho bhavissati, evaṃvipāko nakkhattaggāho bhavissati, evaṃvipākaṃ candimasūriyānaṃ pathagamanaṃ bhavissati, evaṃvipākaṃ candimasūriyānaṃ uppathagamanaṃ bhavissati, evaṃvipākaṃ nakkhattānaṃ pathagamanaṃ bhavissati, evaṃvipākaṃ nakkhattānaṃ uppathagamanaṃ bhavissati, evaṃvipāko ukkāpāto bhavissati, evaṃvipāko disāḍāho bhavissati, evaṃvipāko bhūmicālo bhavissati, evaṃvipāko devadudrabhi bhavissati, evaṃvipākaṃ candimasūriyanakkhattānaṃ uggamanaṃ ogamanaṃ saṃkilesaṃ vodānaṃ bhavissati iti vā iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
25 “又有一些沙门婆罗门,受用了信施供养的食物之后,却依这些畜生般的方术、以不正当的谋生方式维生。例如预言:‘将雨水丰沛,将雨水稀少;将五谷丰登,将粮食歉收;将安稳太平,将有灾祸恐惧;将疫病流行,将健康无病。’又从事印契、计算、统计、诗歌、顺世论之类。沙门乔达摩,则已彻底远离如此畜生般的方术与邪命。”比丘们,凡夫在称赞如来时,所说的或许就是这些。显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti, seyyathidaṃ – suvuṭṭhikā bhavissati, dubbuṭṭhikā bhavissati, subhikkhaṃ bhavissati, dubbhikkhaṃ bhavissati, khemaṃ bhavissati, bhayaṃ bhavissati, rogo bhavissati, ārogyaṃ bhavissati, muddā, gaṇanā, saṅkhānaṃ, kāveyyaṃ, lokāyataṃ iti vā iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
26 “又有一些沙门婆罗门,受用了信施供养的食物之后,却依这些畜生般的方术、以不正当的谋生方式维生。例如:安排嫁娶,促成婚事,撮合与拆散;敛财与散财;作吉祥咒或厄运咒;障碍胎儿;以咒语束缚舌头,锁住下巴;手咒,下巴咒,耳咒;借镜问卜,托童女问卜,求神问卜;礼拜太阳,崇拜大天;口吐火焰;招请吉祥天女等。沙门乔达摩,则已彻底远离如此畜生般的方术与邪命。”比丘们,凡夫在称赞如来时,所说的或许就是这些。显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti , seyyathidaṃ – āvāhanaṃ vivāhanaṃ saṃvaraṇaṃ vivaraṇaṃ saṃkiraṇaṃ vikiraṇaṃ subhagakaraṇaṃ dubbhagakaraṇaṃ viruddhagabbhakaraṇaṃ jivhānibandhanaṃ hanusaṃhananaṃ hatthābhijappanaṃ hanujappanaṃ kaṇṇajappanaṃ ādāsapañhaṃ kumārikapañhaṃ devapañhaṃ ādiccupaṭṭhānaṃ mahatupaṭṭhānaṃ abbhujjalanaṃ sirivhāyanaṃ iti vā iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
27 “又有一些沙门婆罗门,受用了信施供养的食物之后,却依这些畜生般的方术、以不正当的谋生方式维生。例如:祭祀祈愿,安抚鬼神,土地仪式,祈雨仪式,止雨仪式,择地与奠基仪式,漱口沐浴,献祭供奉。还使用催吐药、泻药、祛痰药、清涕药,施灌肠法,治疗耳疾、眼疾、鼻疾,调配药膏与消炎膏,施行针术、刀术,治疗儿童诸病,配制草药根茎,煎煮药汤,并为毒物作解。沙门乔达摩,则已彻底远离如此畜生般的方术与邪命。”比丘们,凡夫在称赞如来时,所说的或许就是这些。显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti, seyyathidaṃ – santikammaṃ paṇidhikammaṃ bhūtakammaṃ bhūrikammaṃ vassakammaṃ vossakammaṃ vatthukammaṃ vatthuparikammaṃ ācamanaṃ nhāpanaṃ juhanaṃ vamanaṃ virecanaṃ uddhaṃvirecanaṃ adhovirecanaṃ sīsavirecanaṃ kaṇṇatelaṃ nettatappanaṃ natthukammaṃ añjanaṃ paccañjanaṃ sālākiyaṃ sallakattiyaṃ dārakatikicchā mūlabhesajjānaṃ anuppadānaṃ osadhīnaṃ paṭimokkho iti vā iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
诸比丘,这些只是微末、肤浅、仅属戒行的细碎之事,凡夫正是依此而称说赞叹如来。显示巴利原文
‘‘Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appamattakaṃ oramattakaṃ sīlamattakaṃ, yena puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
前际论者显示巴利原文
Pubbantakappikā
28 诸比丘,另有一些法,它们深远、难见、难悟、寂静、殊胜、非思量所行境、微妙、唯智者所能证知。这些法,是如来亲自以证智现证之后,方才宣说的。唯有依循这些法,才能正确、如实地真正赞叹如来。诸比丘!哪些才是这些深远、难见、难悟、寂静、殊胜、非思量所行境、微妙、唯智者所能证知,且是如来亲自以证智现证后所宣说,能令人正确、如实地赞叹如来的法呢?显示巴利原文
‘‘Atthi , bhikkhave, aññeva dhammā gambhīrā duddasā duranubodhā santā paṇītā atakkāvacarā nipuṇā paṇḍitavedanīyā, ye tathāgato sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti, yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ. Katame ca te, bhikkhave, dhammā gambhīrā duddasā duranubodhā santā paṇītā atakkāvacarā nipuṇā paṇḍitavedanīyā, ye tathāgato sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti, yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ?
29 诸比丘,有某些沙门与婆罗门,思量过去,执持过去之见,依于过去,以十八种根据宣说种种成见。那些沙门与婆罗门,依凭什么、因于什么,成为思量过去者、执持过去见者,并依于过去,以十八种根据宣说种种成见呢?显示巴利原文
‘‘Santi , bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā pubbantakappikā pubbantānudiṭṭhino, pubbantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi. Te ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha pubbantakappikā pubbantānudiṭṭhino pubbantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi?
30 诸比丘,有一些沙门和婆罗门是常见论者,他们以四种理由,主张“我与世间是常住的”。那些可敬的沙门和婆罗门,是依凭什么、基于什么,而以四种理由安立“我与世间是常住”这个观点呢?显示巴利原文
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā, sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi. Te ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi?
31 诸比丘,在此,有某位沙门或婆罗门,依于精勤、策励、恒常修习、不放逸与如理作意,证得如是心定。当心入定后,他便能忆念种种过去生。即如:一生、二生、三生、四生、五生、十生、二十生、三十生、四十生、五十生、一百生、一千生、十万生,乃至无数百生、无数千生、无数十万生——“在那里,我的名字是此,姓如是,相貌如是,所受食如是,所历苦乐如是,寿量如是;从彼处死后,我又转生他处。在那个地方,我的名字是此,姓如是,相貌如是,所受食如是,所历苦乐如是,寿量如是;从彼处死后,我才投生到这里。”如此,他能随细节与概要,忆念种种过去生。显示巴利原文
‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusati, yathāsamāhite citte ( ) anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekānipi jātisatāni anekānipi jātisahassāni anekānipi jātisatasahassāni – ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
他这样说道:‘我与世间皆是常住的,无生无灭,如山顶般稳固,如石柱般屹立不动;那些众生虽在流转、轮回、死去又投生,然而唯有此是常住的。这是什么缘故呢?因为我依于精勤、依于努力、依于不懈的修习、依于不放逸、依于如理作意,证得了那样的心定。心入定后,我便能忆念种种过去生,诸如:一生、二生、三生、四生、五生、十生、二十生、三十生、四十生、五十生、一百生、一千生、十万生,乃至无数百生、无数千生、无数十万生。在那些生处,我的名字是如此、姓氏是如此、相貌是如此、所食是如此、所经历的苦乐是如此、寿命是如此;从那里死后,我投生到另一处。在那个地方,我的名字是如此、姓氏是如此、相貌是如此、所食是如此、所经历的苦乐是如此、寿命是如此;从那里死后,我又投生到这里。如此,我能具足细节与概要地忆念种种过去生。我依此体验而了知:我与世间是常住的,无生无灭,如山顶般稳固,如石柱般屹立不动;那些众生虽在流转、轮回、死去又投生,然而唯有此是常住的。’诸比丘,这就是第一种情形。有些主张常住的沙门与婆罗门,正是基于此、依于此,才宣称我与世间是常住的。显示巴利原文
‘‘So evamāha – ‘sassato attā ca loko ca vañjho kūṭaṭṭho esikaṭṭhāyiṭṭhito; te ca sattā sandhāvanti saṃsaranti cavanti upapajjanti, atthitveva sassatisamaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ahañhi ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusāmi, yathāsamāhite citte anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekānipi jātisatāni anekānipi jātisahassāni anekānipi jātisatasahassāni – amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapannoti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Imināmahaṃ etaṃ jānāmi ‘‘yathā sassato attā ca loko ca vañjho kūṭaṭṭho esikaṭṭhāyiṭṭhito; te ca sattā sandhāvanti saṃsaranti cavanti upapajjanti, atthitveva sassatisama’’nti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti.
32 诸位尊者,那些主张常住的沙门和婆罗门,又是基于什么、依着什么,来宣称我和世间是常住的呢?诸位比丘,在此,有某位沙门或婆罗门,依于精勤、努力、不懈修习、不放逸、如理作意,证得如是心定。当心入定后,他便能回忆起种种过去生。比如,他能回忆一个成坏劫、两个成坏劫、三个成坏劫、四个成坏劫、五个成坏劫,乃至十个成坏劫——‘在那里,我的名字如此,姓氏如此,相貌如此,所食如此,经历苦乐如此,寿命如此;从那里死后,我投生到另一处。在那一处,我的名字如此,姓氏如此,相貌如此,所食如此,经历苦乐如此,寿命如此;从那里死后,我投生到了此处。’如此,他能带着细节与概要,回忆起种种过去生。显示巴利原文
‘‘Dutiye ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusati, yathāsamāhite citte anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Seyyathidaṃ – ekampi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭaṃ dvepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni tīṇipi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni cattāripi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni pañcapi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni dasapi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni – ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
他便这样说:‘我与世间皆是常住的,不生不灭,如山巅般稳固,如石柱般屹立不动;那些众生虽在流转、轮回、死去又投生,唯有此是常住的。这是什么原因呢?因为我由精勤、由努力、由恒修、由不放逸、由如理作意,证得了那样的心定。当心得定之后,我便能回忆起种种过去生。例如,一个成坏劫、两个成坏劫、三个成坏劫、四个成坏劫、五个成坏劫,乃至十个成坏劫。在彼处,我有这样的名字、这样的姓氏、这样的相貌、这样的饮食、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿命;从彼处死后,我又投生到另一处。在那另一处,我有这样的名字、这样的姓氏、这样的相貌、这样的饮食、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿命;从那里死后,我才投生到这里。如此,我能具足细节与概要,回忆起种种过去生。依此体验,我便知道:我与世间皆是常住的,不生不灭,如山巅般稳固,如石柱般屹立不动;那些众生虽在流转、轮回、死去又投生,唯有此是常住的。’诸位比丘,这就是第二种情况。有些主张常住的沙门和婆罗门,依此、缘此,才宣称我与世间是常住的。显示巴利原文
‘‘So evamāha – ‘sassato attā ca loko ca vañjho kūṭaṭṭho esikaṭṭhāyiṭṭhito; te ca sattā sandhāvanti saṃsaranti cavanti upapajjanti, atthitveva sassatisamaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ahañhi ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusāmi yathāsamāhite citte anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Seyyathidaṃ – ekampi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭaṃ dvepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni tīṇipi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni cattāripi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni pañcapi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni dasapi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni. Amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapannoti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Imināmahaṃ etaṃ jānāmi ‘‘yathā sassato attā ca loko ca vañjho kūṭaṭṭho esikaṭṭhāyiṭṭhito, te ca sattā sandhāvanti saṃsaranti cavanti upapajjanti, atthitveva sassatisama’’nti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti.
33 诸尊者,那些主张常住的沙门和婆罗门,是依于什么、基于什么,而宣称我与世间是常住的呢?诸位比丘,在此,有某位沙门或婆罗门,由精勤、由努力、由恒修、由不放逸、由如理作意,证得了那样的心定。当心得定之后,他便能回忆起种种过去生。例如,他能回忆十个成坏劫、二十个成坏劫、三十个成坏劫、乃至四十个成坏劫:‘在彼时,我有这样的名字、这样的姓氏、这样的相貌、这样的饮食、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿命;从彼处死后,我又投生到另一处。在那另一处,我有这样的名字、这样的姓氏、这样的相貌、这样的饮食、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿命;从那里死后,我才投生到这里。’如此,他能具足细节与概要,回忆起种种过去生。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatiye ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusati, yathāsamāhite citte anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Seyyathidaṃ – dasapi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni vīsampi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni tiṃsampi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni cattālīsampi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni – ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
他便这样说:‘我与世间是常恒的,是无生的,如山顶般稳固,如石柱般屹立不动;那些众生虽在流转、轮回、死没、再生,而此是常恒存在的。这是什么原因呢?因为我依精勤、依努力、依修习、依不放逸、依如理作意,证得那样的心定。当心得定后,我便能忆念种种过去生。例如,十个成坏劫、二十个成坏劫、三十个成坏劫、乃至四十个成坏劫——在彼处,我的名字如是、姓氏如是、容貌如是、所食如是、感受苦乐如是、寿命如是;从彼处死后,我又投生另一处。在另一处,我的名字如是、姓氏如是、容貌如是、所食如是、感受苦乐如是、寿命如是;从彼处死后,我便投生到这里。如是,我能随诸细节与概略,忆念种种过去生。我依此证知:我与世间是常恒的,是无生的,如山顶般稳固,如石柱般屹立不动;那些众生虽在流转、轮回、死没、再生,而此是常恒存在的。’诸比丘,这便是第三种情况,某些持常住论的沙门和婆罗门正是依此而立论,宣称‘我与世间是常恒的’。显示巴利原文
‘‘So evamāha – ‘sassato attā ca loko ca vañjho kūṭaṭṭho esikaṭṭhāyiṭṭhito; te ca sattā sandhāvanti saṃsaranti cavanti upapajjanti, atthitveva sassatisamaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ahañhi ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusāmi, yathāsamāhite citte anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Seyyathidaṃ – dasapi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni vīsampi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni tiṃsampi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni cattālīsampi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni – ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapannoti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Imināmahaṃ etaṃ jānāmi ‘‘yathā sassato attā ca loko ca vañjho kūṭaṭṭho esikaṭṭhāyiṭṭhito, te ca sattā sandhāvanti saṃsaranti cavanti upapajjanti, atthitveva sassatisama’’nti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti.
34 “各位尊者,第四类的沙门婆罗门,是依什么、从什么出发,来宣称‘我与世间是常恒的’这种常见论呢?诸比丘,于这世间,有某位沙门或婆罗门,是推比者、思察者。他依推论所得,顺着思察之路,表达自己的见解,这样说:‘我与世间是常恒的,是无生的,如山顶般稳固,如石柱般屹立不动。那些众生虽流转、轮回、死没、再生,但仍有常恒的存在。’诸比丘,这便是第四种情况,某些沙门婆罗门正是依此、由此出发,宣称‘我与世间是常恒的’这种常见论。显示巴利原文
‘‘Catutthe ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā takkī hoti vīmaṃsī, so takkapariyāhataṃ vīmaṃsānucaritaṃ sayaṃ paṭibhānaṃ evamāha – ‘sassato attā ca loko ca vañjho kūṭaṭṭho esikaṭṭhāyiṭṭhito; te ca sattā sandhāvanti saṃsaranti cavanti upapajjanti, atthitveva sassatisama’nti . Idaṃ, bhikkhave, catutthaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti.
35 “诸比丘,那些宣称‘我与世间是常恒的’沙门婆罗门,正是依这四种情况而宣说。诸比丘,凡任何沙门或婆罗门,若主张‘我与世间是常恒的’常见论者,他们全都是依这四种情况,或其中的一种而立论。离此之外,更无其他。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Imehi kho te, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti, sabbe te imeheva catūhi vatthūhi, etesaṃ vā aññatarena; natthi ito bahiddhā.
36 “诸比丘,如来对此清楚了知:‘这些见解的立足处,若如此被执取、如此被紧执,便会趣向如此的未来、带来如此的来世。’如来不仅了知这些,还了知比这更超胜的境界;而且,他不执取那种了知。因为不执取,他于自身内自证了寂静。诸比丘,如实了知受的集起、消失、乐味、过患与出离之后,如来便以不执取而彻底解脱。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tayidaṃ , bhikkhave, tathāgato pajānāti – ‘ime diṭṭhiṭṭhānā evaṃgahitā evaṃparāmaṭṭhā evaṃgatikā bhavanti evaṃabhisamparāyā’ti, tañca tathāgato pajānāti, tato ca uttaritaraṃ pajānāti; tañca pajānanaṃ na parāmasati, aparāmasato cassa paccattaññeva nibbuti viditā. Vedanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ viditvā anupādāvimutto, bhikkhave, tathāgato.
37 “诸比丘,这些法甚深、难见、难觉,寂静、殊胜,非逻辑思惟所能及,精微、唯智者所了知。如来正是亲自以证智现证这些法后而开示。唯有依此,方才如实正确地赞说如来。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Ime kho te, bhikkhave, dhammā gambhīrā duddasā duranubodhā santā paṇītā atakkāvacarā nipuṇā paṇḍitavedanīyā, ye tathāgato sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti, yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ.
第一诵品。显示巴利原文
Paṭhamabhāṇavāro.
一分常住论显示巴利原文
Ekaccasassatavādo
38 “诸比丘,有诸沙门、婆罗门,是一分常论者、一分非常论者,依四种事,宣称我与世间一分常、一分无常。诸尊者,那些沙门、婆罗门,依止于何、缘于何,而为一分常论者、一分非常论者,作如是宣称?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekaccasassatikā ekaccaasassatikā ekaccaṃ sassataṃ ekaccaṃ asassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi. Te ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha ekaccasassatikā ekaccaasassatikā ekaccaṃ sassataṃ ekaccaṃ asassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi?
39 “诸比丘,有如是时:经极久远劫后,此世界坏灭。世界坏灭时,大多数众生往生光音天。于彼处,他们为意所成,以喜为食,身自有光,行于虚空,端严而住,经极长时。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Hoti kho so, bhikkhave, samayo, yaṃ kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena ayaṃ loko saṃvaṭṭati. Saṃvaṭṭamāne loke yebhuyyena sattā ābhassarasaṃvattanikā honti. Te tattha honti manomayā pītibhakkhā sayaṃpabhā antalikkhacarā subhaṭṭhāyino, ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ tiṭṭhanti.
40 “诸比丘,有这样的时侯,经过极其漫长的时间,此世界展开。世界展开时,空无一人的梵天宫殿显现。那时,有一位众生或因寿命耗尽,或因福报耗尽,从光音天身坏命终,投生到那座空梵天宫殿中。他在那里是意所成,以喜悦为食,自身发光,行于空中,安住于美妙境界,并能停留极其漫长的时间。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Hoti kho so, bhikkhave, samayo, yaṃ kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena ayaṃ loko vivaṭṭati. Vivaṭṭamāne loke suññaṃ brahmavimānaṃ pātubhavati. Atha kho aññataro satto āyukkhayā vā puññakkhayā vā ābhassarakāyā cavitvā suññaṃ brahmavimānaṃ upapajjati. So tattha hoti manomayo pītibhakkho sayaṃpabho antalikkhacaro subhaṭṭhāyī, ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ tiṭṭhati.
41 “他在那里独自久住,心中生起了厌倦与不安,他想:‘啊,但愿其他众生也能来到此境界。’那时,其他众生也或因寿命耗尽,或因福报耗尽,从光音天身坏命终,投生到梵天宫殿中,与那位众生为伴。他们同样也是意所成,以喜悦为食,自身发光,行于空中,安住于美妙境界,并能停留极其漫长的时间。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tassa tattha ekakassa dīgharattaṃ nivusitattā anabhirati paritassanā upapajjati – ‘aho vata aññepi sattā itthattaṃ āgaccheyyu’nti. Atha aññepi sattā āyukkhayā vā puññakkhayā vā ābhassarakāyā cavitvā brahmavimānaṃ upapajjanti tassa sattassa sahabyataṃ. Tepi tattha honti manomayā pītibhakkhā sayaṃpabhā antalikkhacarā subhaṭṭhāyino, ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ tiṭṭhanti.
42 诸比丘,于此处,那位最先投生的众生心中如此思惟:‘我是梵天,是大梵天,是胜者,是不败者,是遍见者,是自在者,是主宰,是创造者,是化现者,是最尊胜者,是生育者,是自在主,是一切已生、未生众生的父亲。这些众生皆由我所化。何以故?因为我先前曾这样想:啊,但愿其他众生也能来到此境界。正因我内心起了这样的愿,这些众生便来到了此境界。’显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra , bhikkhave, yo so satto paṭhamaṃ upapanno tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahamasmi brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānaṃ. Mayā ime sattā nimmitā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Mamañhi pubbe etadahosi – ‘‘aho vata aññepi sattā itthattaṃ āgaccheyyu’’nti. Iti mama ca manopaṇidhi, ime ca sattā itthattaṃ āgatā’ti.
而那些后来投生的众生,心里也这样想:‘这位尊者确是梵天,是大梵天,是胜者,是不败者,是洞察一切者,是拥有支配权者,是主宰,是创造者,是化现者,是最尊胜者,是生出者,是自在者,是一切已生和未生众生之父。我们是由这位梵天尊者所创造的。为什么呢?因为我们看见这位最先投生于此,而我们是在他之后才投生的。’显示巴利原文
‘‘Yepi te sattā pacchā upapannā, tesampi evaṃ hoti – ‘ayaṃ kho bhavaṃ brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānaṃ. Iminā mayaṃ bhotā brahmunā nimmitā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Imañhi mayaṃ addasāma idha paṭhamaṃ upapannaṃ, mayaṃ panamha pacchā upapannā’ti.
43 “诸比丘,在那里,那位最先投生的众生寿命更长,容貌更庄严,威德也更胜。而那些后来投生的众生则寿命较短,容貌较劣,威德也较小。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, yo so satto paṭhamaṃ upapanno, so dīghāyukataro ca hoti vaṇṇavantataro ca mahesakkhataro ca. Ye pana te sattā pacchā upapannā, te appāyukatarā ca honti dubbaṇṇatarā ca appesakkhatarā ca.
44 “诸比丘,且有可能:有某一众生从彼梵身死没,转生于此人间。转生于此人间后,他便舍家而出家。出家之后,依精进、策励、专注、不放逸及如理作意,他证得如是心定;以心得定故,他忆念起那梵身天众,却不能忆及更前生之事。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, vijjati, yaṃ aññataro satto tamhā kāyā cavitvā itthattaṃ āgacchati. Itthattaṃ āgato samāno agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati. Agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito samāno ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusati, yathāsamāhite citte taṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati , tato paraṃ nānussarati.
他这样说:‘那位尊贵的梵天,那位大梵天,是征服者、不可征服者、全见者、自在者、主宰者、创造者、化作者、最胜者、指令者、具力者、已生与当生者之父。我们是被那位尊贵梵天所创造的。他是恒常、稳固、永恒、不变易之法,将永远以那样永恒的状态存在。而我们这些被那位尊贵梵天所创造的人,则是无常、不稳固、短寿、有死灭之法,来到现在的状态。’诸比丘,这就是第一种情形,有些沙门和婆罗门作为部分常住论者、部分无常论者,依此、缘此,而宣称我与世间一部分常住、一部分无常。显示巴利原文
‘‘So evamāha – ‘yo kho so bhavaṃ brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānaṃ, yena mayaṃ bhotā brahmunā nimmitā, so nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassati. Ye pana mayaṃ ahumhā tena bhotā brahmunā nimmitā, te mayaṃ aniccā addhuvā appāyukā cavanadhammā itthattaṃ āgatā’ti. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, paṭhamaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekaccasassatikā ekaccaasassatikā ekaccaṃ sassataṃ ekaccaṃ asassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti.
45 那么,各位尊者,那些沙门和婆罗门依于什么、缘于什么,而宣称我是部分常住、部分无常,世间也是部分常住、部分无常的呢?诸比丘,有一类天神名为‘嬉戏放逸天’。他们长久沉溺于欢笑、嬉戏、享乐之法。由于长久沉溺于欢笑、嬉戏、享乐之法,他们忘失了正念。因为正念忘失,那些天神便从那个天界死去。诸比丘,这就是第二种情形,有些沙门和婆罗门依此、缘此,而宣称我与世间部分常住、部分无常。显示巴利原文
‘‘Dutiye ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha ekaccasassatikā ekaccaasassatikā ekaccaṃ sassataṃ ekaccaṃ asassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti? Santi, bhikkhave, khiḍḍāpadosikā nāma devā, te ativelaṃ hassakhiḍḍāratidhammasamāpannā viharanti. Tesaṃ ativelaṃ hassakhiḍḍāratidhammasamāpannānaṃ viharataṃ sati sammussati . Satiyā sammosā te devā tamhā kāyā cavanti.
46 诸比丘,也有这样的情形:某位众生从那一类天身死去,转生来此人间。来到人间后,他舍离居家,出家过着无家的生活。出家之后,他以热忱、精勤、专注、不放逸与如理作意,证得那样的心定。当他以此定心入定时,便能忆起此前更近一次的过去生,却无法忆及更久远之前。显示巴利原文
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṃ aññataro satto tamhā kāyā cavitvā itthattaṃ āgacchati. Itthattaṃ āgato samāno agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati. Agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito samāno ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusati, yathāsamāhite citte taṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, tato paraṃ nānussarati.
他这样说:‘那些不嬉戏放逸的尊贵天神,他们没有长久沉溺于欢笑、嬉戏、享乐之法。由于没有长久沉溺于欢笑、嬉戏、享乐之法,他们不忘失正念。因为不忘失正念,那些天神便不会从那个天界死去;他们是恒常、稳固、永恒、不变易之法,将永远以那样永恒的状态存在。而我们这些曾是嬉戏放逸的天神,长久沉溺于欢笑、嬉戏、享乐之法。由于长久沉溺于欢笑、嬉戏、享乐之法,我们忘失了正念。因为正念忘失,我们就从那个天界死去,我们是无常、不稳固、短寿、有死灭之法,来到现在的状态。’诸比丘,这就是第二种情形,有些沙门和婆罗门依此、缘此,而宣称我与世间部分常住、部分无常。显示巴利原文
‘‘So evamāha – ‘ye kho te bhonto devā na khiḍḍāpadosikā, te na ativelaṃ hassakhiḍḍāratidhammasamāpannā viharanti. Tesaṃ na ativelaṃ hassakhiḍḍāratidhammasamāpannānaṃ viharataṃ sati na sammussati. Satiyā asammosā te devā tamhā kāyā na cavanti; niccā dhuvā sassatā avipariṇāmadhammā sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassanti . Ye pana mayaṃ ahumhā khiḍḍāpadosikā, te mayaṃ ativelaṃ hassakhiḍḍāratidhammasamāpannā viharimhā. Tesaṃ no ativelaṃ hassakhiḍḍāratidhammasamāpannānaṃ viharataṃ sati sammussati. Satiyā sammosā evaṃ mayaṃ tamhā kāyā cutā aniccā addhuvā appāyukā cavanadhammā itthattaṃ āgatā’ti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekaccasassatikā ekaccaasassatikā ekaccaṃ sassataṃ ekaccaṃ asassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti.
47 “那么,各位尊者,那些沙门和婆罗门,是依据什么、缘于什么,而宣称自我部分恒常、部分无常,世间也部分恒常、部分无常的呢?”
诸比丘,有一类天神名为“意相害天”。他们过度长时地互相凝视。由于过度互相凝视,便对彼此心生嗔害。因为内心嗔害,以致身心疲惫。那些天神便从那类天界死去。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatiye ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha ekaccasassatikā ekaccaasassatikā ekaccaṃ sassataṃ ekaccaṃ asassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti? Santi, bhikkhave, manopadosikā nāma devā, te ativelaṃ aññamaññaṃ upanijjhāyanti. Te ativelaṃ aññamaññaṃ upanijjhāyantā aññamaññamhi cittāni padūsenti. Te aññamaññaṃ paduṭṭhacittā kilantakāyā kilantacittā . Te devā tamhā kāyā cavanti.
48 诸比丘,也有这样的情形:某位众生从那一类天身死去,转生来此人间。来到人间后,他舍离居家,出家过着无家的生活。出家之后,他以热忱、精勤、专注、不放逸与如理作意,证得那样的心定。当他以此定心入定时,便能忆起此前更近一次的过去生,却无法忆及更久远之前。显示巴利原文
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṃ aññataro satto tamhā kāyā cavitvā itthattaṃ āgacchati. Itthattaṃ āgato samāno agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati. Agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito samāno ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusati, yathāsamāhite citte taṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, tato paraṃ nānussarati.
“他这样说:“那些不是意相害天的尊贵天神,不会过度地互相凝视。由于不互相过度凝视,便不互相恼害心意。因为心意互不恼害,他们身不疲惫、心不疲倦。那些天神不会从那个天界死去;他们是恒常的、稳固的、永恒的、无变异法的,如永恒般一直存在。然而,我们过去却是意相害天,那时过度地互相凝视。由于过度地互相凝视,便互相恼害了心意。因为心意互相恼害,我们身体疲惫、内心疲倦。于是我们从那个天界死去;我们无常、不稳固、短寿、有死去之法,而来到了现在这个状态。”
诸比丘,这就是第三种情况,那些沙门和婆罗门以此为依、以此为缘,宣说部分恒常、部分无常,并宣说自我与世界部分恒常、部分无常。”显示巴利原文
‘‘So evamāha – ‘ye kho te bhonto devā na manopadosikā, te nātivelaṃ aññamaññaṃ upanijjhāyanti. Te nātivelaṃ aññamaññaṃ upanijjhāyantā aññamaññamhi cittāni nappadūsenti. Te aññamaññaṃ appaduṭṭhacittā akilantakāyā akilantacittā. Te devā tamhā kāyā na cavanti, niccā dhuvā sassatā avipariṇāmadhammā sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassanti. Ye pana mayaṃ ahumhā manopadosikā, te mayaṃ ativelaṃ aññamaññaṃ upanijjhāyimhā. Te mayaṃ ativelaṃ aññamaññaṃ upanijjhāyantā aññamaññamhi cittāni padūsimhā, te mayaṃ aññamaññaṃ paduṭṭhacittā kilantakāyā kilantacittā. Evaṃ mayaṃ tamhā kāyā cutā aniccā addhuvā appāyukā cavanadhammā itthattaṃ āgatā’ti . Idaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekaccasassatikā ekaccaasassatikā ekaccaṃ sassataṃ ekaccaṃ asassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti.
49 “第四种情况,各位尊者,那些沙门和婆罗门是依据什么、缘于什么,而宣说部分恒常、部分无常,并宣说自我与世界部分恒常、部分无常的呢?
诸比丘,在此,有一位沙门或婆罗门,是推理者、审察者。他依推理与审察,随顺思察,依自心的智慧辩才,这样说道:‘这所谓眼、耳、鼻、舌、身——这个自我是无常、不稳固、不恒常、具变异法的。而这所谓心,或意,或识——这个自我是恒常、稳固、永恒、无变异法的,如永恒般一直存在。’
诸比丘,这就是第四种情况,那些沙门和婆罗门以此为依、以此为缘,宣说部分恒常、部分无常,并宣说自我与世界部分恒常、部分无常。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Catutthe ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha ekaccasassatikā ekaccaasassatikā ekaccaṃ sassataṃ ekaccaṃ asassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā takkī hoti vīmaṃsī. So takkapariyāhataṃ vīmaṃsānucaritaṃ sayaṃpaṭibhānaṃ evamāha – ‘yaṃ kho idaṃ vuccati cakkhuṃ itipi sotaṃ itipi ghānaṃ itipi jivhā itipi kāyo itipi, ayaṃ attā anicco addhuvo asassato vipariṇāmadhammo. Yañca kho idaṃ vuccati cittanti vā manoti vā viññāṇanti vā ayaṃ attā nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassatī’ti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, catutthaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekaccasassatikā ekaccaasassatikā ekaccaṃ sassataṃ ekaccaṃ asassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti.
50 “诸比丘,那些部分恒常论、部分无常论的沙门和婆罗门,正是依这四种依据,宣说自我与世界部分恒常、部分无常。诸比丘,凡有任何沙门或婆罗门,宣说自我与世界部分恒常、部分无常,他们全都依这四种情况,或是依其中的某一种,除此之外,更无其他。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Imehi kho te, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekaccasassatikā ekaccaasassatikā ekaccaṃ sassataṃ ekaccaṃ asassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā ekaccasassatikā ekaccaasassatikā ekaccaṃ sassataṃ ekaccaṃ asassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti, sabbe te imeheva catūhi vatthūhi, etesaṃ vā aññatarena; natthi ito bahiddhā.
51 “诸比丘,如来对此了知:‘这些见解的立足处,若被这样执取、这样把握,便会招致如此的来生趣向、如此的来世果报。’如来不仅了知这些,更了知超越于此的;而他对这个了知也不执取。由于不执取,他于自身内证得了寂灭。诸比丘,如来如实了知感受的集起、灭去、乐味、过患与出离,无取著而解脱。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tayidaṃ , bhikkhave, tathāgato pajānāti – ‘ime diṭṭhiṭṭhānā evaṃgahitā evaṃparāmaṭṭhā evaṃgatikā bhavanti evaṃabhisamparāyā’ti. Tañca tathāgato pajānāti, tato ca uttaritaraṃ pajānāti, tañca pajānanaṃ na parāmasati, aparāmasato cassa paccattaññeva nibbuti viditā. Vedanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ viditvā anupādāvimutto, bhikkhave, tathāgato.
52 “诸比丘,这些法深奥、难见、难觉悟、寂静、殊胜、不落思惟推论、微细、唯智者所能体证——正是如来以自身的证智亲自证悟之后所宣说的。那些正确赞叹如来真实功德的人,正是依据这些而说。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Ime kho te, bhikkhave, dhammā gambhīrā duddasā duranubodhā santā paṇītā atakkāvacarā nipuṇā paṇḍitavedanīyā, ye tathāgato sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti, yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ.
53 “诸比丘,有一些沙门和婆罗门是“有边无边论者”,他们依四种依据,宣说世界为有边或无边。那么,这些尊贵的沙门和婆罗门,是依于何者、缘于何者,而依四种依据宣说世界为有边或无边的呢?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā antānantikā antānantaṃ lokassa paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi. Te ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha antānantikā antānantaṃ lokassa paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi?
54 诸比丘,在此,有某位沙门或婆罗门,依于勤恳、精进、专注修习、不放逸、如理作意,证得如是心定:当他心得此定时,便住于对世界的有限之想。显示巴利原文
‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusati, yathāsamāhite citte antasaññī lokasmiṃ viharati.
他这样说:‘这世界是有限的、有边界的。何以故?因为我依凭勤勉、精进、专修、不放逸、如理作意,证得如是心定:在如此入定的心中,我安住于对世界有‘有限’之想。由此,我如是了知:这世界是有限的、有边界的。’诸比丘,这是第一种情形,有些沙门与婆罗门即凭此、依此,宣说世界是有边无边的。显示巴利原文
‘‘So evamāha – ‘antavā ayaṃ loko parivaṭumo. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ahañhi ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusāmi, yathāsamāhite citte antasaññī lokasmiṃ viharāmi. Imināmahaṃ etaṃ jānāmi – yathā antavā ayaṃ loko parivaṭumo’ti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā antānantikā antānantaṃ lokassa paññapenti.
55 “诸位尊者,那些沙门与婆罗门,是凭什么、依凭什么而成为‘有边无边论者’,宣说世间的有边与无边呢?诸比丘,于此,有某位沙门或婆罗门,依凭勤勉、精进、专修、不放逸、如理作意,证得如是心定,依此定,他安住于对世间有‘无限’之想。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Dutiye ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha antānantikā antānantaṃ lokassa paññapenti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusati, yathāsamāhite citte anantasaññī lokasmiṃ viharati.
“他这样说:‘这世界是无限的、无边际的。那些说“这世界是有限的、有边界”的沙门与婆罗门,他们的说法不实。只有这世界是无限的、无边际的。何以故?因为我依凭勤勉、精进、专修、不放逸、如理作意,证得如是心定:在如此入定的心中,我安住于对世间有‘无限’之想。由此,我如是了知:这世界是无限的、无边际的。’诸比丘,这是第二种情形,有些沙门与婆罗门即凭此、依此,宣说‘世间的有边与无边’。”显示巴利原文
‘‘So evamāha – ‘ananto ayaṃ loko apariyanto. Ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘antavā ayaṃ loko parivaṭumo’’ti, tesaṃ musā. Ananto ayaṃ loko apariyanto. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ahañhi ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusāmi , yathāsamāhite citte anantasaññī lokasmiṃ viharāmi. Imināmahaṃ etaṃ jānāmi – yathā ananto ayaṃ loko apariyanto’ti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā antānantikā antānantaṃ lokassa paññapenti.
56 “诸位贤者,那些沙门婆罗门,是依何所依、缘何所缘,而成为‘有限无限论者’,主张世间有有限与无限的呢?诸比丘,在此,有某位沙门或婆罗门,以勤勉、精进、专修、不放逸、如理作意,证得如是心定,于入定心中,于世间上下方向住于‘有限’想,于横向方向住于‘无限’想。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatiye ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha antānantikā antānantaṃ lokassa paññapenti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusati, yathāsamāhite citte uddhamadho antasaññī lokasmiṃ viharati, tiriyaṃ anantasaññī.
“他这样说:‘此世界既是有限的也是无限的。那些说“此世界是有限的、有边界”的沙门婆罗门,所言不实;那些说“此世界是无限的、无边际”的沙门婆罗门,所言亦不实。此世界既是有限的也是无限的。什么原因呢?我以勤勉、精进、专修、不放逸、如理作意,证得如是心定,于入定心中,于世间上下方向住于“有限”想,于横向方向住于“无限”想。由此,我如是了知:此世界既是有限的也是无限的。’诸比丘,这便是第三种情况,某些沙门婆罗门依于此、缘于此,而宣说世间有有限与无限。”显示巴利原文
‘‘So evamāha – ‘antavā ca ayaṃ loko ananto ca. Ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘antavā ayaṃ loko parivaṭumo’’ti, tesaṃ musā. Yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘ananto ayaṃ loko apariyanto’’ti, tesampi musā. Antavā ca ayaṃ loko ananto ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ahañhi ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusāmi, yathāsamāhite citte uddhamadho antasaññī lokasmiṃ viharāmi, tiriyaṃ anantasaññī. Imināmahaṃ etaṃ jānāmi – yathā antavā ca ayaṃ loko ananto cā’ti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā antānantikā antānantaṃ lokassa paññapenti.
57 诸比丘,那些沙门婆罗门,是依何所依、缘何所缘,而成为‘既非有限也非无限论者’,主张世界既非有限也非无限的呢?诸比丘,在此,有某位沙门或婆罗门,是推论者、审察者。他以推论为依,以审察为随,仗自力辩才,如是说:‘此世界既不是有限的,也不是无限的。那些说“世界有限、有边际”的沙门婆罗门,所言非实;那些说“世界无限、无边际”的沙门婆罗门,所言亦非实;乃至那些说“世界既是有限也是无限”的沙门婆罗门,所言同样非实。此世界不是有限的,也不是无限的。’诸比丘,这便是第四种情况,某些沙门婆罗门依于此、缘于此,而主张世界既非有限也非无限。显示巴利原文
‘‘Catutthe ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha antānantikā antānantaṃ lokassa paññapenti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā takkī hoti vīmaṃsī. So takkapariyāhataṃ vīmaṃsānucaritaṃ sayaṃpaṭibhānaṃ evamāha – ‘nevāyaṃ loko antavā, na panānanto. Ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘antavā ayaṃ loko parivaṭumo’’ti, tesaṃ musā. Yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘ananto ayaṃ loko apariyanto’’ti, tesampi musā. Yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘antavā ca ayaṃ loko ananto cā’’ti, tesampi musā. Nevāyaṃ loko antavā , na panānanto’ti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave , catutthaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā antānantikā antānantaṃ lokassa paññapenti.
58 诸比丘,那些主张“世界是有限或无限”的沙门与婆罗门,正是依这四种情况而作宣说。诸比丘,任何主张世界是有限或无限的沙门或婆罗门,全都依这四种情况,或是其中的某一种而作宣说;除此之外,再也没有别的了。显示巴利原文
‘‘Imehi kho te, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā antānantikā antānantaṃ lokassa paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā antānantikā antānantaṃ lokassa paññapenti, sabbe te imeheva catūhi vatthūhi, etesaṃ vā aññatarena; natthi ito bahiddhā.
59 诸比丘,如来对此了知:“这些见处,若是这般执取、这般紧握,便会走向如此这般的趣向,带来如此这般的来世。”如来既了知此,亦了知更胜于此的,却不执取这种了知。由于不执取,他在内心亲自证知了寂灭。如来了知感受的集起与灭去、乐味与过患,以及从感受中出离,如实了知之后,以不执取而获得解脱。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tayidaṃ, bhikkhave, tathāgato pajānāti – ‘ime diṭṭhiṭṭhānā evaṃgahitā evaṃparāmaṭṭhā evaṃgatikā bhavanti evaṃabhisamparāyā’ti. Tañca tathāgato pajānāti, tato ca uttaritaraṃ pajānāti, tañca pajānanaṃ na parāmasati, aparāmasato cassa paccattaññeva nibbuti viditā. Vedanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ viditvā anupādāvimutto, bhikkhave, tathāgato.
60 诸比丘,这些法是甚深的、难见的、难解的、宁静的、崇高的、超越思惟范畴的、微妙的、唯智者所证知的。如来以自证智现前证悟之后,将这些法宣说出来。若要正确地称赞如来,便应当依据这些法而如实地说。显示巴利原文
‘‘Ime kho te, bhikkhave, dhammā gambhīrā duddasā duranubodhā santā paṇītā atakkāvacarā nipuṇā paṇḍitavedanīyā, ye tathāgato sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti, yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ.
如鳗鱼般滑溜闪避的诡论显示巴利原文
Amarāvikkhepavādo
61 诸比丘,有一些沙门与婆罗门,是像鳗鱼般滑溜、言辞闪烁的人。每当被问到问题时,他们便以四种理由搪塞回避,言辞闪躲不定,犹如鳗鱼。诸比丘,那些尊贵的沙门与婆罗门,是依凭什么、缘于什么,而以四种方式成为言辞闪躲、如鳗鱼般滑溜的人呢?显示巴利原文
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā amarāvikkhepikā, tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭhā samānā vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjanti amarāvikkhepaṃ catūhi vatthūhi. Te ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha amarāvikkhepikā tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭhā samānā vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjanti amarāvikkhepaṃ catūhi vatthūhi?
62 诸比丘,于此,有一类沙门或婆罗门,并不如实了知“这是善的”,也不如实了知“这是不善的”。他心中这样想:“我确实不如实了知‘这是善的’,也不如实了知‘这是不善的’。倘若我既不如实了知‘这是善的’,也不如实了知‘这是不善的’,却去断言‘这是善的’或‘这是不善的’,那我便造了妄语。妄语会让我内心懊恼,内心懊恼便会成为修行的障碍。”于是,出于对妄语的恐惧与厌恶,他既不愿断言“这是善的”,也不愿断言“这是不善的”。当被问及任何问题时,他便以如同鳗鱼般滑溜的方式搪塞回避,而这样说:“我不认为是这样;我不认为是那样;我不认为是其他;我不认为不是这样;我不认为不是不是这样。”诸比丘,这便是第一种情况,某些沙门与婆罗门正是依此、据此,在面对问题时以如同鳗鱼般滑溜的方式搪塞回避的原因。显示巴利原文
‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ‘idaṃ kusala’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, ‘idaṃ akusala’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho ‘‘idaṃ kusala’’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāmi, ‘‘idaṃ akusala’’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāmi. Ahañce kho pana ‘‘idaṃ kusala’’nti yathābhūtaṃ appajānanto, ‘‘idaṃ akusala’’nti yathābhūtaṃ appajānanto, ‘idaṃ kusala’nti vā byākareyyaṃ, ‘idaṃ akusala’nti vā byākareyyaṃ, taṃ mamassa musā. Yaṃ mamassa musā , so mamassa vighāto. Yo mamassa vighāto so mamassa antarāyo’ti. Iti so musāvādabhayā musāvādaparijegucchā nevidaṃ kusalanti byākaroti, na panidaṃ akusalanti byākaroti, tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭho samāno vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjati amarāvikkhepaṃ – ‘evantipi me no; tathātipi me no; aññathātipi me no; notipi me no; no notipi me no’ti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā amarāvikkhepikā tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭhā samānā vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjanti amarāvikkhepaṃ.
63 再者,那些沙门、婆罗门尊者,是依于什么、缘于什么,而成为如鳗鱼般滑溜、闪烁其词者,每当在种种问题上被追问时,便以言语搪塞、闪烁其词如鳗鱼一般呢?这是第二种情形:诸比丘,于此,有某位沙门或婆罗门,对‘这是善’不如实了知,对‘这是不善’也不如实了知。他心中如此思惟:‘我既不如实了知善,也不如实了知不善。倘若我在不如实了知善、不如实了知不善的情况下,却宣称“这是善”或“那是不善”,便会对此生起欲求、贪染、瞋恚或抗拒。只要有了欲求、贪染、瞋恚或抗拒,那便是执取。若有执取,对我便是苦恼。若有苦恼,对我便是障碍。’如是,他因怖畏执取、厌离执取,既不宣称这是善,也不宣称那是不善。每当在种种问题上被追问时,他便以言语搪塞、闪烁其词,如同鳗鱼,说:‘不是如此,对我来说也不是;不是那样,对我来说也不是;不是别的样子,对我来说也不是;不是非如此,对我来说也不是;并非不是非如此,对我来说也不是。’诸比丘,这便是第二种情形,某些沙门、婆罗门依于它、缘于它,而成为如鳗鱼般滑溜、闪烁其词者,每当在种种问题上被追问时,便以言语搪塞、闪烁其词,如鳗鱼一般。显示巴利原文
‘‘Dutiye ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha amarāvikkhepikā tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭhā samānā vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjanti amarāvikkhepaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ‘idaṃ kusala’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, ‘idaṃ akusala’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho ‘‘idaṃ kusala’’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāmi, ‘‘idaṃ akusala’’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāmi. Ahañce kho pana ‘‘idaṃ kusala’’nti yathābhūtaṃ appajānanto, ‘‘idaṃ akusala’’nti yathābhūtaṃ appajānanto, ‘‘idaṃ kusala’’nti vā byākareyyaṃ, ‘‘idaṃ akusala’nti vā byākareyyaṃ, tattha me assa chando vā rāgo vā doso vā paṭigho vā. Yattha me assa chando vā rāgo vā doso vā paṭigho vā, taṃ mamassa upādānaṃ. Yaṃ mamassa upādānaṃ, so mamassa vighāto. Yo mamassa vighāto, so mamassa antarāyo’ti. Iti so upādānabhayā upādānaparijegucchā nevidaṃ kusalanti byākaroti, na panidaṃ akusalanti byākaroti, tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭho samāno vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjati amarāvikkhepaṃ – ‘evantipi me no; tathātipi me no; aññathātipi me no; notipi me no; no notipi me no’ti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā amarāvikkhepikā tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭhā samānā vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjanti amarāvikkhepaṃ.
64 诸尊者,那些沙门与婆罗门依何因缘、从何出发,成为无记的支吾其词者,每当在种种问题上被追问时,便以言辞搪塞,陷入无记的支吾其词呢?这是第三种情形:诸比丘,于此,有一位沙门或婆罗门,不如实了知什么是善,也不如实了知什么是不善。他心中这样想:‘我既不如实了知什么是善,也不如实了知什么是不善。如果我虽不如实了知善、不如实了知不善,却还要断言这是善,或断言那是不善——世间确实有一些沙门与婆罗门,他们聪慧明利,善破他人主张,犹如能劈断毫发的利箭手,以智慧之行,彷佛要击碎种种邪见。他们会就此事追问盘诘我、驳斥质问我。对于这些追问盘诘我、驳斥质问我的人,我恐怕无法圆满应对。倘若无法圆满应对,那将成为我的苦恼。有了苦恼,便成为我的障碍。’就这样,他因害怕被质问、厌恶被质问,既不断言‘这是善’,也不断言‘那是不善’。每当在种种问题上被追问时,他便以言辞搪塞,陷入无记的支吾其词,说:‘并非如此,对我来说也非如此;并非那样,对我来说也非那样;并非别样,对我来说也非别样;并非非,对我来说也并非非;并非非非,对我来说也并非非非。’诸比丘,这是第三种情形,某些沙门与婆罗门依此事、从此出发,成为无记的支吾其词者,每当在种种问题上被追问时,便以言辞搪塞,陷入无记的支吾其词。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatiye ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha amarāvikkhepikā tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭhā samānā vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjanti amarāvikkhepaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ‘idaṃ kusala’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, ‘idaṃ akusala’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ kho ‘‘idaṃ kusala’’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāmi, ‘‘idaṃ akusala’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāmi. Ahañce kho pana ‘‘idaṃ kusala’’nti yathābhūtaṃ appajānanto ‘‘idaṃ akusala’’nti yathābhūtaṃ appajānanto ‘‘idaṃ kusala’’nti vā byākareyyaṃ, ‘‘idaṃ akusala’’nti vā byākareyyaṃ. Santi hi kho samaṇabrāhmaṇā paṇḍitā nipuṇā kataparappavādā vālavedhirūpā, te bhindantā maññe caranti paññāgatena diṭṭhigatāni, te maṃ tattha samanuyuñjeyyuṃ samanugāheyyuṃ samanubhāseyyuṃ. Ye maṃ tattha samanuyuñjeyyuṃ samanugāheyyuṃ samanubhāseyyuṃ, tesāhaṃ na sampāyeyyaṃ. Yesāhaṃ na sampāyeyyaṃ, so mamassa vighāto. Yo mamassa vighāto, so mamassa antarāyo’ti. Iti so anuyogabhayā anuyogaparijegucchā nevidaṃ kusalanti byākaroti, na panidaṃ akusalanti byākaroti, tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭho samāno vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjati amarāvikkhepaṃ – ‘evantipi me no; tathātipi me no; aññathātipi me no; notipi me no; no notipi me no’ti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā amarāvikkhepikā tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭhā samānā vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjanti amarāvikkhepaṃ.
65 “诸位尊者,那些沙门婆罗门依凭什么、缘于什么,成为无定论的支吾其词派,每当于种种问题上被追问时,便以言语搪塞,陷于无结论的支吾其词呢?这是第四种情形:诸比丘,在此,有某类沙门或婆罗门,生性迟钝、愚昧。因迟钝愚昧,每当于种种问题上被追问时,他便以言语搪塞,陷于无结论的支吾其词,其情形如下:若你问我:‘有他方世界吗?’倘若我确实认为‘有他方世界’,我便会答你‘有他方世界’;然则:‘非如此,我亦不以为如此;非如彼,我亦不以为如彼;非异此,我亦不以为异此;非非如此,我亦不以为非如此;非不非如此,我亦不以为不非如此。’若你问我:‘没有他方世界吗?’倘若我确实认为‘没有他方世界’,我便会答你‘没有他方世界’;然则:‘非如此,我亦不以为如此;非如彼,我亦不以为如彼;非异此,我亦不以为异此;非非如此,我亦不以为非如此;非不非如此,我亦不以为不非如此。’若你问我:‘既有又没有他方世界吗?’倘若我确实认为‘既有又没有他方世界’,我便会答你‘既有又没有他方世界’;然则:‘非如此,我亦不以为如此;非如彼,我亦不以为如彼;非异此,我亦不以为异此;非非如此,我亦不以为非如此;非不非如此,我亦不以为不非如此。’若你问我:‘既非有又非没有他方世界吗?’倘若我确实认为‘既非有又非没有他方世界’,我便会答你‘既非有又非没有他方世界’;然则:‘非如此,我亦不以为如此;非如彼,我亦不以为如彼;非异此,我亦不以为异此;非非如此,我亦不以为非如此;非不非如此,我亦不以为不非如此。’若你问我:‘有化生有情吗?’倘若我确实认为‘有化生有情’,我便会答你‘有化生有情’;然则:‘非如此,我亦不以为如此;非如彼,我亦不以为如彼;非异此,我亦不以为异此;非非如此,我亦不以为非如此;非不非如此,我亦不以为不非如此。’若你问我:‘没有化生有情吗?’倘若我确实认为‘没有化生有情’,我便会答你‘没有化生有情’;然则:‘非如此,我亦不以为如此;非如彼,我亦不以为如彼;非异此,我亦不以为异此;非非如此,我亦不以为非如此;非不非如此,我亦不以为不非如此。’若你问我:‘既有又没有化生有情吗?’倘若我确实认为‘既有又没有化生有情’,我便会答你‘既有又没有化生有情’;然则:‘非如此,我亦不以为如此;非如彼,我亦不以为如彼;非异此,我亦不以为异此;非非如此,我亦不以为非如此;非不非如此,我亦不以为不非如此。’若你问我:‘既非有又非没有化生有情吗?’倘若我确实认为‘既非有又非没有化生有情’,我便会答你‘既非有又非没有化生有情’;然则:‘非如此,我亦不以为如此;非如彼,我亦不以为如彼;非异此,我亦不以为异此;非非如此,我亦不以为非如此;非不非如此,我亦不以为不非如此。’若你问我:‘善行恶行的业有果报吗?’倘若我确实认为‘善行恶行的业有果报’,我便会答你‘善行恶行的业有果报’;然则:‘非如此,我亦不以为如此;非如彼,我亦不以为如彼;非异此,我亦不以为异此;非非如此,我亦不以为非如此;非不非如此,我亦不以为不非如此。’若你问我:‘善行恶行的业没有果报吗?’倘若我确实认为‘善行恶行的业没有果报’,我便会答你‘善行恶行的业没有果报’;然则:‘非如此,我亦不以为如此;非如彼,我亦不以为如彼;非异此,我亦不以为异此;非非如此,我亦不以为非如此;非不非如此,我亦不以为不非如此。’若你问我:‘善行恶行的业既有又没有果报吗?’倘若我确实认为‘善行恶行的业既有又没有果报’,我便会答你‘善行恶行的业既有又没有果报’;然则:‘非如此,我亦不以为如此;非如彼,我亦不以为如彼;非异此,我亦不以为异此;非非如此,我亦不以为非如此;非不非如此,我亦不以为不非如此。’若你问我:‘善行恶行的业既非有又非没有果报吗?’倘若我确实认为‘善行恶行的业既非有又非没有果报’,我便会答你‘善行恶行的业既非有又非没有果报’;然则:‘非如此,我亦不以为如此;非如彼,我亦不以为如彼;非异此,我亦不以为异此;非非如此,我亦不以为非如此;非不非如此,我亦不以为不非如此。’若你问我:‘如来死后存在吗?’倘若我确实认为‘如来死后存在’,我便会答你‘如来死后存在’;然则:‘非如此,我亦不以为如此;非如彼,我亦不以为如彼;非异此,我亦不以为异此;非非如此,我亦不以为非如此;非不非如此,我亦不以为不非如此。’若你问我:‘如来死后不存在吗?’倘若我确实认为‘如来死后不存在’,我便会答你‘如来死后不存在’;然则:‘非如此,我亦不以为如此;非如彼,我亦不以为如彼;非异此,我亦不以为异此;非非如此,我亦不以为非如此;非不非如此,我亦不以为不非如此。’若你问我:‘如来死后既存在又不存在吗?’倘若我确实认为‘如来死后既存在又不存在’,我便会答你‘如来死后既存在又不存在’;然则:‘非如此,我亦不以为如此;非如彼,我亦不以为如彼;非异此,我亦不以为异此;非非如此,我亦不以为非如此;非不非如此,我亦不以为不非如此。’若你问我:‘如来死后既非存在又非不存在吗?’倘若我确实认为‘如来死后既非存在又非不存在’,我便会答你‘如来死后既非存在又非不存在’;然则:‘非如此,我亦不以为如此;非如彼,我亦不以为如彼;非异此,我亦不以为异此;非非如此,我亦不以为非如此;非不非如此,我亦不以为不非如此。’诸比丘,这是第四种情形,某些沙门婆罗门依此、缘此,成为无定论的支吾其词派,每当于种种问题上被追问时,便以言语搪塞,陷于无结论的支吾其词。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Catutthe ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha amarāvikkhepikā tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭhā samānā vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjanti amarāvikkhepaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā mando hoti momūho. So mandattā momūhattā tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭho samāno vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjati amarāvikkhepaṃ – ‘atthi paro loko’ti iti ce maṃ pucchasi, ‘atthi paro loko’ti iti ce me assa, ‘atthi paro loko’ti iti te naṃ byākareyyaṃ, ‘evantipi me no, tathātipi me no, aññathātipi me no, notipi me no, no notipi me no’ti. ‘Natthi paro loko…pe… ‘atthi ca natthi ca paro loko…pe… ‘nevatthi na natthi paro loko…pe… ‘atthi sattā opapātikā …pe… ‘natthi sattā opapātikā…pe… ‘atthi ca natthi ca sattā opapātikā…pe… ‘nevatthi na natthi sattā opapātikā…pe… ‘atthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko…pe… ‘natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko…pe… ‘atthi ca natthi ca sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko…pe… ‘nevatthi na natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko…pe… ‘hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā…pe… ‘na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā…pe… ‘hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā…pe… ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇāti iti ce maṃ pucchasi, ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti iti ce me assa, ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti iti te naṃ byākareyyaṃ, ‘evantipi me no, tathātipi me no, aññathātipi me no, notipi me no, no notipi me no’ti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, catutthaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā amarāvikkhepikā tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭhā samānā vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjanti amarāvikkhepaṃ.
66 诸比丘,那些模棱两可、无法得出结论的支吾其词派沙门和婆罗门,每当被问及问题,便以这四种方式言语搪塞、闪烁其辞,陷入模棱两可的无结论状态。无论任何沙门或婆罗门,只要是这种模棱两可的支吾其词派,每当被问及问题,便言语搪塞、闪烁其辞,陷入模棱两可的无结论状态,他们全都不出这四种情形,或其中某一种。……那些如理如实赞叹如来功德者,他们所说的正是如此。显示巴利原文
‘‘Imehi kho te, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā amarāvikkhepikā tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭhā samānā vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjanti amarāvikkhepaṃ catūhi vatthūhi. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā amarāvikkhepikā tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭhā samānā vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjanti amarāvikkhepaṃ , sabbe te imeheva catūhi vatthūhi, etesaṃ vā aññatarena, natthi ito bahiddhā…pe… yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ.
无因生论显示巴利原文
Adhiccasamuppannavādo
67 诸比丘,有一些沙门和婆罗门,是无因生论者,他们依两种根据,宣称‘自我’与‘世界’是无因、自然而生起的。那么,那些沙门和婆罗门,是依于什么、出于什么,而成为无因生论者,以两种根据,宣称‘自我’与‘世界’是无因、自然而生起的呢?显示巴利原文
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā adhiccasamuppannikā adhiccasamuppannaṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti dvīhi vatthūhi. Te ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha adhiccasamuppannikā adhiccasamuppannaṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti dvīhi vatthūhi?
68 诸比丘,有一类名为“无想有情”的天神。这些天神,当“想”生起时,便从那个天神身中死去。诸比丘,有这样的可能:某一位有情从那里死后,转生来到此世间。来到此世间后,他离家出家,过无家的修行生活。出家过无家生活后,他依于热忱、依于精勤、依于专注、依于不放逸、依于如理作意,证得那样的心定。当心入定后,他能回忆起当初“想”生起的那一刹那,但再往前就想不起来了。于是,他便这样说:“自我与世界,都是无因而生起的。何以故?因为我以前不存在,而现在,不存在的我变为存在,就这样显现了出来。”诸比丘,这是第一种情形,某些沙门或婆罗门即依此、据此而成为无因论者,宣称自我与世界是无因而生起的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, asaññasattā nāma devā. Saññuppādā ca pana te devā tamhā kāyā cavanti. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, vijjati, yaṃ aññataro satto tamhā kāyā cavitvā itthattaṃ āgacchati. Itthattaṃ āgato samāno agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati. Agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito samāno ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusati, yathāsamāhite citte saññuppādaṃ anussarati, tato paraṃ nānussarati. So evamāha – ‘adhiccasamuppanno attā ca loko ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ahañhi pubbe nāhosiṃ, somhi etarahi ahutvā santatāya pariṇato’ti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā adhiccasamuppannikā adhiccasamuppannaṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti.
69 诸比丘,第二种沙门婆罗门,是依什么、据什么而宣称自我与世界是无因而生起的呢?诸比丘,于此,有某位沙门或婆罗门,他是推论者、探究者。他凭着自己的推论、探究和独到的见解,如此宣称:“自我与世界,是无因而生起的。”诸比丘,这就是第二种情形,某些沙门婆罗门正是依此、据此而成为无因论者,宣称自我与世界是无因而生起的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Dutiye ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha adhiccasamuppannikā adhiccasamuppannaṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā takkī hoti vīmaṃsī. So takkapariyāhataṃ vīmaṃsānucaritaṃ sayaṃpaṭibhānaṃ evamāha – ‘adhiccasamuppanno attā ca loko cā’ti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā adhiccasamuppannikā adhiccasamuppannaṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti.
70 “诸比丘,那些持无因论的沙门婆罗门,正是依据两个立场而宣称自我与世界是无因而生起的。诸比丘,凡任何持无因论、宣称自我与世界是无因而生起的沙门或婆罗门,他们全都不出此二立场,或依其一,绝无超出此范围者。……(他们)若如实地、正确地赞叹如来,便会基于这些而赞叹。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Imehi kho te, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā adhiccasamuppannikā adhiccasamuppannaṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti dvīhi vatthūhi. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā adhiccasamuppannikā adhiccasamuppannaṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti, sabbe te imeheva dvīhi vatthūhi, etesaṃ vā aññatarena, natthi ito bahiddhā…pe… yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ.
71 “诸比丘,那些思议前际、执持前际见的沙门与婆罗门,正是依于这十八种事,对前际宣说种种定见。诸比丘,凡任何思议前际、执持前际见,而对前际宣说种种定见的沙门或婆罗门,他们的一切所说都不出这十八种事,或唯举其一,无有超胜于此者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Imehi kho te, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā pubbantakappikā pubbantānudiṭṭhino pubbantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā pubbantakappikā pubbantānudiṭṭhino pubbantamārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti, sabbe te imeheva aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi, etesaṃ vā aññatarena, natthi ito bahiddhā.
72 “诸比丘,如来对此如是了知:‘这些见解的立足处,如此被执取、如此被固执,便会招致如此的趣向与来世果报。’如来不仅了知这些,更了知那超越于此的。而对于那更超越的了知,他亦不执取。正因无所执取,他于自身之中便证知了寂灭。诸比丘,如来如实彻知感受的集起、灭去、乐味、过患与出离之后,便因不执取而获得了解脱。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tayidaṃ, bhikkhave, tathāgato pajānāti – ‘ime diṭṭhiṭṭhānā evaṃgahitā evaṃparāmaṭṭhā evaṃgatikā bhavanti evaṃabhisamparāyā’ti. Tañca tathāgato pajānāti, tato ca uttaritaraṃ pajānāti, tañca pajānanaṃ na parāmasati, aparāmasato cassa paccattaññeva nibbuti viditā. Vedanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ viditvā anupādāvimutto, bhikkhave, tathāgato.
73 “诸比丘,这些法甚深、难见、难解、寂静、微妙、超乎思议、精微,唯智者所能证知——如来正是以自证智亲自证得之后而宣说的。若有人欲如实、正确地称赞如来,便当依此诸法而说。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Ime kho te, bhikkhave, dhammā gambhīrā duddasā duranubodhā santā paṇītā atakkāvacarā nipuṇā paṇḍitavedanīyā, ye tathāgato sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti , yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ.
第二诵品显示巴利原文
Dutiyabhāṇavāro.
后际论者显示巴利原文
Aparantakappikā
74 “诸比丘,有某些沙门与婆罗门是后际论者、持后际见者,他们以后际为所依,宣说种种不同的执见,总共有四十四种所依。这些沙门与婆罗门尊者们,依于何者、缘于何者而成为后际论者、持后际见者,以后际为所依而宣说种种执见,立此四十四种所依呢?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā aparantakappikā aparantānudiṭṭhino, aparantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti catucattārīsāya vatthūhi. Te ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha aparantakappikā aparantānudiṭṭhino aparantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti catucattārīsāya vatthūhi?
75 “诸比丘,有一些沙门与婆罗门是死后有想论者,他们以十六种依据,主张‘自我’在死后仍为有想。这些受人尊敬的沙门与婆罗门,是依于什么、基于什么,而成为死后有想论者,以十六种依据主张‘自我’在死后仍为有想呢?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā saññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ saññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti soḷasahi vatthūhi. Te ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha uddhamāghātanikā saññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ saññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti soḷasahi vatthūhi?
76 “他们主张:‘自我’是有色的,于死后健康、有想;主张‘自我’是无色的,于死后健康、有想;主张‘自我’既是有色又是无色……乃至……‘自我’既非有色又非无色……‘自我’是有边的……‘自我’是无边的……‘自我’既是有边又是无边……‘自我’既非有边又非无边……‘自我’是单一想……‘自我’是别异想……‘自我’是少想……‘自我’是无量想……‘自我’是纯乐……‘自我’是纯苦……‘自我’是亦乐亦苦……‘自我’是非乐非苦,于死后健康、有想。”显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Rūpī attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā saññī’ti naṃ paññapenti. ‘Arūpī attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā saññī’ti naṃ paññapenti. ‘Rūpī ca arūpī ca attā hoti…pe… nevarūpī nārūpī attā hoti… antavā attā hoti… anantavā attā hoti… antavā ca anantavā ca attā hoti… nevantavā nānantavā attā hoti… ekattasaññī attā hoti… nānattasaññī attā hoti… parittasaññī attā hoti… appamāṇasaññī attā hoti… ekantasukhī attā hoti… ekantadukkhī attā hoti. Sukhadukkhī attā hoti. Adukkhamasukhī attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā saññī’ti naṃ paññapenti.
77 “诸比丘,那些沙门与婆罗门,正是依此十六种理由,成为死后有想论者,主张‘自我’在死后为有想。诸比丘,凡任何沙门或婆罗门,主张死后‘自我’为有想者,皆不离此十六种理由,或依其中某一种而立论,绝无超出此范围者。……正因如此,如来的真实功德,才受到如实、正确的称叹。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Imehi kho te, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā saññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ saññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti soḷasahi vatthūhi. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā uddhamāghātanikā saññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ saññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti, sabbe te imeheva soḷasahi vatthūhi, etesaṃ vā aññatarena, natthi ito bahiddhā…pe… yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ.
78 “诸比丘,有一些沙门与婆罗门,是死后无想论者,他们依八种理由,主张‘自我’于死后为无想。这些尊贵的沙门与婆罗门,是依止什么、凭藉什么,而成为死后无想论者,并以八种理由主张‘自我’于死后为无想呢?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā asaññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ asaññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti aṭṭhahi vatthūhi. Te ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha uddhamāghātanikā asaññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ asaññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti aṭṭhahi vatthūhi?
79 “他们这样施设:‘自我是有色的,死后健康而无想。’‘自我是无色的,死后健康而无想。’‘自我亦是有色亦是无色……乃至……非有色非无色……有边……无边……亦有边亦无边……非有边非无边,死后健康而无想。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Rūpī attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā asaññī’ti naṃ paññapenti. ‘Arūpī attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā asaññī’ti naṃ paññapenti. ‘Rūpī ca arūpī ca attā hoti…pe… nevarūpī nārūpī attā hoti… antavā attā hoti… anantavā attā hoti… antavā ca anantavā ca attā hoti… nevantavā nānantavā attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā asaññī’ti naṃ paññapenti.
80 “诸比丘,那些沙门、婆罗门正是依此八种根据,成为死后无想论者,施设自我于死后为无想。诸比丘,任何沙门或婆罗门,若是死后无想论者,施设自我于死后为无想,他们全都依此八种根据,或其中的一种,绝无超出此范围者。……(中略)……因此,如来的真实功德,才被如实地正确称扬。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Imehi kho te, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā asaññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ asaññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti aṭṭhahi vatthūhi. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā uddhamāghātanikā asaññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ asaññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti, sabbe te imeheva aṭṭhahi vatthūhi, etesaṃ vā aññatarena, natthi ito bahiddhā…pe… yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ.
非想非非想论显示巴利原文
Nevasaññīnāsaññīvādo
81 “诸比丘,有些沙门与婆罗门是“死后非想非非想论”者,他们依八种根据,宣说死后之我处于非想非非想。而这些受人尊敬的沙门与婆罗门,究竟依凭什么、以何为缘,成为死后非想非非想论者,并依这八种根据宣说死后之我非想非非想呢?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā nevasaññīnāsaññīvādā, uddhamāghātanaṃ nevasaññīnāsaññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti aṭṭhahi vatthūhi. Te ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha uddhamāghātanikā nevasaññīnāsaññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ nevasaññīnāsaññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti aṭṭhahi vatthūhi?
82 “他们作如是宣说:“此我有色,是健全的,死后非想非非想”;“此我无色,是健全的,死后非想非非想”;“此我有色亦无色,是健全的,死后非想非非想”;“此我非有色非无色,是健全的,死后非想非非想”;“此我有限,是健全的,死后非想非非想”;“此我无限,是健全的,死后非想非非想”;“此我既有限又无限,是健全的,死后非想非非想”;“此我非有限非无限,是健全的,死后非想非非想。”显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Rūpī attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā nevasaññīnāsaññī’ti naṃ paññapenti ‘arūpī attā hoti…pe… rūpī ca arūpī ca attā hoti… nevarūpī nārūpī attā hoti… antavā attā hoti… anantavā attā hoti… antavā ca anantavā ca attā hoti… nevantavā nānantavā attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā nevasaññīnāsaññī’ti naṃ paññapenti.
83 “诸比丘,这便是那些沙门与婆罗门,作为死后非想非非想论者,依此八种根据宣说死后之我非想非非想的情形。诸比丘,凡任何沙门或婆罗门,只要是死后非想非非想论者,主张死后之我处于非想非非想,他们全都依据这八种情形,或其中的某一种。……唯有想要如实、正确地赞叹如来的人,才能这样说。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Imehi kho te, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā nevasaññīnāsaññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ nevasaññīnāsaññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti aṭṭhahi vatthūhi. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā uddhamāghātanikā nevasaññīnāsaññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ nevasaññīnāsaññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti, sabbe te imeheva aṭṭhahi vatthūhi…pe… yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ.
84 “诸比丘,有一些沙门和婆罗门是断灭论者,他们以七种根据,宣说实有众生的断灭、毁灭与消失。那么,这些尊贵的沙门和婆罗门,依凭什么、以何为缘,而成为断灭论者,并以七种根据宣说实有众生的断灭、毁灭与消失呢?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Santi , bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā ucchedavādā sato sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññapenti sattahi vatthūhi. Te ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha ucchedavādā sato sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññapenti sattahi vatthūhi?
85 “诸比丘,有一类沙门或婆罗门,持此说、此见:‘贤者,此有色之我,由四大种所成、父母所生,当身体坏灭时,便断灭、消失,死后不复存在;贤者,至此,此我便被完全断灭了。’如此,这些人宣说实有众生的断灭、毁灭与消失。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evaṃvādī hoti evaṃdiṭṭhi – ‘yato kho, bho, ayaṃ attā rūpī cātumahābhūtiko mātāpettikasambhavo kāyassa bhedā ucchijjati vinassati, na hoti paraṃ maraṇā, ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṃ attā sammā samucchinno hotī’ti. Ittheke sato sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññapenti.
86 “另有人对他这样说:‘贤者,你所说的那个我,确实存在,我并非说它不存在。然而,贤者,这个我并未因此而被彻底、完全地断灭。贤者,还有另一个我,是天界的、有色,属于欲界,以段食为食。那个我你不知不见,而我知见。贤者,当那个我在身坏命终时断灭、消失,死后不复存在——到了这个地步,贤者,这个我才算被彻底、完全地断灭。’就这样,有些人宣说存在有情的断灭、毁灭与消失。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tamañño evamāha – ‘atthi kho, bho, eso attā, yaṃ tvaṃ vadesi, neso natthīti vadāmi; no ca kho, bho, ayaṃ attā ettāvatā sammā samucchinno hoti. Atthi kho, bho, añño attā dibbo rūpī kāmāvacaro kabaḷīkārāhārabhakkho. Taṃ tvaṃ na jānāsi na passasi. Tamahaṃ jānāmi passāmi. So kho, bho, attā yato kāyassa bhedā ucchijjati vinassati, na hoti paraṃ maraṇā, ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṃ attā sammā samucchinno hotī’ti. Ittheke sato sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññapenti.
87 另有人对他这样说:‘贤者,你所说的那个我,我并不说它不存在。但是,贤者,这个我并未因此就被彻底、完全地断灭。贤者,还有另一个我,是天界的、有色,心意所成,四肢完具,诸根不缺。那个我你不知不见,而我知见。贤者,当那个我在身坏命终后断灭、消失,死后不复存在——到了这个地步,贤者,这个我才算被彻底、完全地断灭。’就这样,有些人宣说存在有情的断灭、毁灭与消失。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tamañño evamāha – ‘atthi kho, bho, eso attā, yaṃ tvaṃ vadesi, neso natthīti vadāmi; no ca kho, bho, ayaṃ attā ettāvatā sammā samucchinno hoti. Atthi kho, bho, añño attā dibbo rūpī manomayo sabbaṅgapaccaṅgī ahīnindriyo. Taṃ tvaṃ na jānāsi na passasi. Tamahaṃ jānāmi passāmi. So kho, bho, attā yato kāyassa bhedā ucchijjati vinassati, na hoti paraṃ maraṇā, ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṃ attā sammā samucchinno hotī’ti. Ittheke sato sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññapenti.
88 另有一人这样对他说:‘贤者,您所说的那个“我”,我并非说它不存在;然而,贤者,这个“我”于此尚未被完全彻底地断除。贤者,更有一“我”,完全超越了一切色法的认知,止息了各种对立的感觉,不再作意种种差别的相状,而证入“虚空无边”的空无边处定。此一我,您既不知、亦不见,而我了知、我亲见。贤者,当那个“我”于身坏之后断灭、散灭,死后即不复存在,贤者,到此地步,这个“我”才算被完全彻底地断除了。’如此,有些人宣说这样一位真实存在的有情的断灭、毁灭与消失。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tamañño evamāha – ‘atthi kho, bho, eso attā, yaṃ tvaṃ vadesi, neso natthīti vadāmi; no ca kho, bho, ayaṃ attā ettāvatā sammā samucchinno hoti. Atthi kho , bho, añño attā sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘‘ananto ākāso’’ti ākāsānañcāyatanūpago. Taṃ tvaṃ na jānāsi na passasi. Tamahaṃ jānāmi passāmi. So kho, bho, attā yato kāyassa bhedā ucchijjati vinassati, na hoti paraṃ maraṇā, ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṃ attā sammā samucchinno hotī’ti. Ittheke sato sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññapenti.
89 另有人对他说:‘贤者,你所说的那个“我”,我并非说它不存在;然而,贤者,这个“我”并未因此便被彻底断除。贤者,另有一个“我”,完全超越了空无边处,作意“识是无边的”而入识无边处。这个“我”你不知、不见,而我知、我见。贤者,当那个“我”在身体破裂之后断灭、消失,死后便不复存在,至此,贤者,这个“我”才算是被彻底断除。’就这样,有些人宣说存在有情的断灭、毁灭与消失。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tamañño evamāha – ‘atthi kho, bho, eso attā yaṃ tvaṃ vadesi, neso natthīti vadāmi; no ca kho, bho, ayaṃ attā ettāvatā sammā samucchinno hoti. Atthi kho, bho, añño attā sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’’nti viññāṇañcāyatanūpago. Taṃ tvaṃ na jānāsi na passasi. Tamahaṃ jānāmi passāmi. So kho, bho, attā yato kāyassa bhedā ucchijjati vinassati, na hoti paraṃ maraṇā, ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṃ attā sammā samucchinno hotī’ti. Ittheke sato sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññapenti.
90 另有人驳斥他说:‘贤者,你所说的那个“我”,我并非说它不存在;然而,贤者,这个“我”并未因此便被彻底断除。贤者,另有一个“我”,完全超越了识无边处,作意“无所有”而入无所有处。这个“我”你不知、不见,而我知、我见。贤者,当那个“我”在身体破裂之后断灭、消失,死后便不复存在,至此,贤者,这个“我”才算是被彻底断除。’就这样,他们宣说该有情的断灭、消失与不存在。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tamañño evamāha – ‘atthi kho, bho, so attā, yaṃ tvaṃ vadesi, neso natthīti vadāmi; no ca kho, bho, ayaṃ attā ettāvatā sammā samucchinno hoti. Atthi kho, bho, añño attā sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘‘natthi kiñcī’’ti ākiñcaññāyatanūpago. Taṃ tvaṃ na jānāsi na passasi. Tamahaṃ jānāmi passāmi. So kho, bho, attā yato kāyassa bhedā ucchijjati vinassati, na hoti paraṃ maraṇā, ettāvatā kho , bho, ayaṃ attā sammā samucchinno hotī’’ti. Ittheke sato sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññapenti.
91 另有人驳斥他说:‘贤者,你所说的那个“我”,我并非说它不存在;然而,贤者,这个“我”并未因此便被彻底断除。贤者,另有一个“我”,完全超越了无所有处,作意“这是寂静的,这是殊胜的”而入非想非非想处。这个“我”你不知、不见,而我知、我见。贤者,当那个“我”在身体破裂之后断灭、消失,死后便不复存在,至此,贤者,这个“我”才算是被彻底断除。’就这样,他们宣说该有情的断灭、消失与不存在。显示巴利原文
‘Tamañño evamāha – ‘‘atthi kho, bho, eso attā, yaṃ tvaṃ vadesi, neso natthīti vadāmi; no ca kho, bho, ayaṃ attā ettāvatā sammā samucchinno hoti. Atthi kho, bho, añño attā sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘‘santametaṃ paṇītameta’’nti nevasaññānāsaññāyatanūpago. Taṃ tvaṃ na jānāsi na passasi. Tamahaṃ jānāmi passāmi. So kho, bho, attā yato kāyassa bhedā ucchijjati vinassati, na hoti paraṃ maraṇā, ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṃ attā sammā samucchinno hotī’ti. Ittheke sato sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññapenti.
92 诸比丘,以上便是那些沙门与婆罗门,基于有情的真实存在,而宣说其断灭、消失、不存在的七种事。诸比丘,凡任何持断灭论的沙门或婆罗门宣说有情的断灭、消失、不存在,其依据都不出这七种事……对此,如来若被如实赞叹,那赞叹才是出自真实。显示巴利原文
‘‘Imehi kho te, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā ucchedavādā sato sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññapenti sattahi vatthūhi. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā ucchedavādā sato sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññapenti, sabbe te imeheva sattahi vatthūhi…pe… yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ.
现法涅槃论显示巴利原文
Diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādo
93 “诸比丘,有些沙门与婆罗门是‘现法涅槃论’者。他们以五种事,宣称现存的有情获得了最上的现法涅槃。那么,那些尊贵的沙门与婆罗门,是依什么、缘什么,而宣称现存的有情获得最上的现法涅槃呢?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādā sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapenti pañcahi vatthūhi. Te ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādā sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapenti pañcahi vatthūhi?
94 诸比丘,有某沙门或婆罗门持这样的见解与理论:‘朋友,当此“我”充分具足五种感官欲乐而得享乐时,此“我”即获得了最高的现法涅槃。’就这样,有些人声称存在的有情获得了最高的现法涅槃。显示巴利原文
‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evaṃvādī hoti evaṃdiṭṭhi – ‘‘yato kho, bho, ayaṃ attā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti, ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṃ attā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ patto hotī’ti. Ittheke sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapenti.
95 对此,另一个人这样对他说:‘朋友,你所说的那个“我”确实存在,我并不否认。但是,仅凭这样,这个“我”并未获得最高的现法涅槃。为什么呢?朋友,因为欲乐是无常、是苦、是变易法;由它的变易与变异,便生起愁、悲、苦、忧、恼。朋友,当此“我”完全远离欲乐、远离不善法,有寻有伺,由远离生喜与乐,进入并安住于初禅时,至此,这个“我”才获得了最高的现法涅槃。’就这样,有些人声称存在的有情获得了最高的现法涅槃。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tamañño evamāha –‘atthi kho, bho, eso attā, yaṃ tvaṃ vadesi, neso natthīti vadāmi; no ca kho, bho, ayaṃ attā ettāvatā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ patto hoti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Kāmā hi, bho, aniccā dukkhā vipariṇāmadhammā, tesaṃ vipariṇāmaññathābhāvā uppajjanti sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā. Yato kho , bho, ayaṃ attā vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṃ attā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ patto hotī’ti. Ittheke sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapenti.
96 对此,另一个人这样对他说:‘朋友,你所说的那个“我”确实存在,我并不否认。但是,仅凭这样,这个“我”并未获得最高的现法涅槃。为什么呢?因为在那个状态中仍有寻与伺,这仍是粗的。朋友,当此“我”平息寻与伺,内心澄净,心专一境,无寻无伺,由定生喜与乐,进入并安住于二禅时,至此,这个“我”才获得了最高的现法涅槃。’就这样,有些人声称存在的有情获得了最高的现法涅槃。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tamañño evamāha – ‘atthi kho, bho, eso attā, yaṃ tvaṃ vadesi, neso natthīti vadāmi; no ca kho, bho, ayaṃ attā ettāvatā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ patto hoti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yadeva tattha vitakkitaṃ vicāritaṃ, etenetaṃ oḷārikaṃ akkhāyati. Yato kho, bho, ayaṃ attā vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṃ attā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ patto hotī’ti. Ittheke sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapenti.
97 对此,另一个人这样对他说:‘朋友啊,你所说的那个“我”确实存在,我并非说它不存在;但是,朋友,仅凭此,此“我”并未获得最上的现法涅槃。何以故?因为其中因喜而生起的心之雀跃,便被说为粗。朋友,当此“我”对喜也舍离、安住于舍,正念正知,亲身体验圣弟子们所宣说的那种“舍、念、住于乐”之乐,进入并安住于第三禅时——朋友,唯有至此,此“我”才获得最上的现法涅槃。’就这样,有些人宣称有识的众生获得了最上的现法涅槃。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tamañño evamāha – ‘atthi kho, bho, eso attā, yaṃ tvaṃ vadesi, neso natthīti vadāmi; no ca kho, bho, ayaṃ attā ettāvatā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ patto hoti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yadeva tattha pītigataṃ cetaso uppilāvitattaṃ, etenetaṃ oḷārikaṃ akkhāyati. Yato kho, bho, ayaṃ attā pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati, sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti ‘‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’’ti, tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṃ attā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ patto hotī’ti. Ittheke sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapenti.
98 对此,另一个人这样对他说:‘朋友啊,你所说的那个“我”确实存在,我并非说它不存在;但是,朋友,仅凭此,此“我”并未获得最上的现法涅槃。何以故?因为其中对“乐”的心之作意,便被说为粗。朋友,当此“我”舍断了乐、舍断了苦,并先已灭除了喜悦与忧伤,进入并安住于不苦不乐、舍念清净的第四禅时——朋友,唯有至此,此“我”才获得最上的现法涅槃。’就这样,有些人宣称有识的众生获得了最上的现法涅槃。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tamañño evamāha – ‘atthi kho, bho, eso attā, yaṃ tvaṃ vadesi, neso natthīti vadāmi; no ca kho, bho, ayaṃ attā ettāvatā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ patto hoti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yadeva tattha sukhamiti cetaso ābhogo, etenetaṃ oḷārikaṃ akkhāyati. Yato kho, bho, ayaṃ attā sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṃ attā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ patto hotī’ti. Ittheke sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapenti.
99 “诸比丘,那些主张现法涅槃的沙门和婆罗门,正是依此五种事由,宣称在世的有情获得了最上的现法涅槃。诸比丘,凡是主张现法涅槃的沙门或婆罗门,无论何人,若要宣称在世的有情获得了最上的现法涅槃,其所依都不出此五种事由……唯有依此,才能如实、正确地称扬如来的功德。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Imehi kho te, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādā sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapenti pañcahi vatthūhi. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādā sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapenti, sabbe te imeheva pañcahi vatthūhi…pe… yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ.
100 “诸比丘,那些思辨未来、持未来之见、围绕未来而宣说种种立场与信解的沙门和婆罗门,正是基于此四十四种事由。诸比丘,凡思辨未来、持未来之见、围绕未来而宣说种种立场与信解的沙门或婆罗门,不论是谁,他们所依据的,都不出此四十四种事由。离此之外,别无其他。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Imehi kho te, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā aparantakappikā aparantānudiṭṭhino aparantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti catucattārīsāya vatthūhi. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā aparantakappikā aparantānudiṭṭhino aparantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti, sabbe te imeheva catucattārīsāya vatthūhi…pe… yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ.
101 “诸比丘,那些思辨过去、也思辨未来,既持过去之见也持未来之见,针对过去与未来而宣说种种立场与信解的沙门和婆罗门,正是基于此六十二种事由。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Imehi kho te, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā pubbantakappikā ca aparantakappikā ca pubbantāparantakappikā ca pubbantāparantānudiṭṭhino pubbantāparantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti dvāsaṭṭhiyā vatthūhi.
102 “诸比丘,凡思辨过去、或思辨未来、或过去与未来兼而思辨,持过去与未来之见,并针对过去与未来宣说种种立场与信解的沙门或婆罗门,其所依据,都不出此六十二种事由,或仅是其中之某一种。离此之外,更无其他。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā pubbantakappikā vā aparantakappikā vā pubbantāparantakappikā vā pubbantāparantānudiṭṭhino pubbantāparantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti, sabbe te imeheva dvāsaṭṭhiyā vatthūhi, etesaṃ vā aññatarena; natthi ito bahiddhā.
103 “诸比丘,如来对此如是了知:‘这些见的立足处,若以如此方式被执取、以如此方式被紧握,便会导向如是的生命趣向,招来如是的未来。’如来不仅了知此,更了知超胜于此的;然而,他对此了知亦不执取。正因他毫无执取,便于自身之中亲证了寂静。诸比丘,如实了知诸受的集起、消逝、乐味、过患与出离之后,如来由无取著而解脱。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tayidaṃ, bhikkhave, tathāgato pajānāti – ‘ime diṭṭhiṭṭhānā evaṃgahitā evaṃparāmaṭṭhā evaṃgatikā bhavanti evaṃabhisamparāyā’ti. Tañca tathāgato pajānāti, tato ca uttaritaraṃ pajānāti, tañca pajānanaṃ na parāmasati, aparāmasato cassa paccattaññeva nibbuti viditā. Vedanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ viditvā anupādāvimutto, bhikkhave, tathāgato.
104 “诸比丘,这些法甚深、难见、难解、寂静、微妙、超越思辨,唯智者所能证知——如来正是以自证智亲证、现证之后,方予开示。凡如实赞叹如来者,当依此赞说。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Ime kho te, bhikkhave, dhammā gambhīrā duddasā duranubodhā santā paṇītā atakkāvacarā nipuṇā paṇḍitavedanīyā, ye tathāgato sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti, yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ.
惊惶与挣扎节显示巴利原文
Paritassitavipphanditavāro
105 诸比丘,其中那些持‘恒常论’的沙门和婆罗门,依四个理由安立‘我与世间是恒常的’——这也只是那些可敬的沙门和婆罗门不知不见的感受,是陷于渴爱的人焦虑与逃避罢了。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi , tadapi tesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ajānataṃ apassataṃ vedayitaṃ taṇhāgatānaṃ paritassitavipphanditameva.
106 诸比丘,其中那些持‘部分恒常、部分不恒常论’的沙门和婆罗门,依四个理由安立‘我与世间部分是恒常的、部分是不恒常的’——这也只是那些可敬的沙门和婆罗门不知不见的感受,是陷于渴爱的人焦虑与逃避罢了。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekaccasassatikā ekaccaasassatikā ekaccaṃ sassataṃ ekaccaṃ asassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi, tadapi tesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ajānataṃ apassataṃ vedayitaṃ taṇhāgatānaṃ paritassitavipphanditameva.
107 诸比丘,其中那些持‘有边无边论’的沙门和婆罗门,依四个理由安立‘世间是有边无边的’——这也只是那些可敬的沙门和婆罗门不知不见的感受,是陷于渴爱的人焦虑与逃避罢了。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra , bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā antānantikā antānantaṃ lokassa paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi, tadapi tesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ajānataṃ apassataṃ vedayitaṃ taṇhāgatānaṃ paritassitavipphanditameva.
108 诸比丘,那些持“不死矫乱论”的沙门和婆罗门,于种种问题被提问时,便依四种事由,言语纷乱,转向不死的矫乱答——这也只是那些可敬的沙门和婆罗门,在不知、不见的情况下,纯属感受、被渴爱所驱使而躁动挣扎的罢了。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā amarāvikkhepikā tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭhā samānā vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjanti amarāvikkhepaṃ catūhi vatthūhi, tadapi tesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ajānataṃ apassataṃ vedayitaṃ taṇhāgatānaṃ paritassitavipphanditameva.
109 诸比丘,那些持“无因生论”的沙门和婆罗门,依两种事由,安立“我与世间是无因而生”——这也只是那些可敬的沙门和婆罗门,在不知、不见的情况下,纯属感受、被渴爱所驱使而躁动挣扎的罢了。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā adhiccasamuppannikā adhiccasamuppannaṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti dvīhi vatthūhi, tadapi tesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ajānataṃ apassataṃ vedayitaṃ taṇhāgatānaṃ paritassitavipphanditameva.
110 诸比丘,那些推论过去、执持过去见,围绕过去以十八种事由宣说种种意趣的沙门和婆罗门——这也只是那些可敬的沙门和婆罗门,在不知、不见的情况下,纯属感受、被渴爱所驱使而躁动挣扎的罢了。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā pubbantakappikā pubbantānudiṭṭhino pubbantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi, tadapi tesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ajānataṃ apassataṃ vedayitaṃ taṇhāgatānaṃ paritassitavipphanditameva.
111 诸比丘,那些持‘死后有想论’的沙门与婆罗门,以十六种理由安立死后之我尚有想。这些可敬的沙门和婆罗门,实因不知不见,仅依感受,为渴爱所驱,而躁动挣扎罢了。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā saññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ saññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti soḷasahi vatthūhi, tadapi tesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ajānataṃ apassataṃ vedayitaṃ taṇhāgatānaṃ paritassitavipphanditameva.
112 诸比丘,那些持‘死后无想论’的沙门与婆罗门,以八种理由安立死后之我无想。这些可敬的沙门和婆罗门,同样是因不知不见,仅依感受,为渴爱所驱,而躁动挣扎罢了。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra , bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā asaññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ asaññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti aṭṭhahi vatthūhi, tadapi tesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ajānataṃ apassataṃ vedayitaṃ taṇhāgatānaṃ paritassitavipphanditameva.
113 诸比丘,那些持‘死后非有想非无想论’的沙门与婆罗门,以八种理由安立死后之我非有想非无想。这些可敬的沙门和婆罗门,同样是因不知不见,仅依感受,为渴爱所驱,而躁动挣扎罢了。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā nevasaññīnāsaññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ nevasaññīnāsaññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti aṭṭhahi vatthūhi, tadapi tesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ajānataṃ apassataṃ vedayitaṃ taṇhāgatānaṃ paritassitavipphanditameva.
114 诸比丘,那些持断灭论的沙门与婆罗门,依七种依据,宣称存在的众生断灭、坏灭、消亡。这些沙门婆罗门尊者们所宣说的,也仅是出于不知、不见,只是感受的流转,为渴爱所牵而悸动挣扎罢了。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā ucchedavādā sato sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññapenti sattahi vatthūhi, tadapi tesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ajānataṃ apassataṃ vedayitaṃ taṇhāgatānaṃ paritassitavipphanditameva.
115 诸比丘,那些持现法涅槃论的沙门与婆罗门,依五种依据,宣称存在的众生于现法中获得最高涅槃。这些沙门婆罗门尊者们所宣说的,也仅是出于不知、不见,只是感受的流转,为渴爱所牵而悸动挣扎罢了。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādā sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapenti pañcahi vatthūhi, tadapi tesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ajānataṃ apassataṃ vedayitaṃ taṇhāgatānaṃ paritassitavipphanditameva.
116 诸比丘,那些推究未来的沙门与婆罗门,持未来随见,依四十四种依据,对未来宣说种种不同的见解。这些沙门婆罗门尊者们所宣说的,也仅是出于不知、不见,只是感受的流转,为渴爱所牵而悸动挣扎罢了。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā aparantakappikā aparantānudiṭṭhino aparantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti catucattārīsāya vatthūhi, tadapi tesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ajānataṃ apassataṃ vedayitaṃ taṇhāgatānaṃ paritassitavipphanditameva.
117 诸比丘,那些推测前际、推测后际、推测前后际,执持前后际之见,并就前后际以六十二种依据宣说种种胜解论的沙门婆罗门——这些受人尊敬的沙门婆罗门所说的一切,也只是由于不知不见而生起的感受,是受渴爱所驱使的焦虑与逃避。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra , bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā pubbantakappikā ca aparantakappikā ca pubbantāparantakappikā ca pubbantāparantānudiṭṭhino pubbantāparantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti dvāsaṭṭhiyā vatthūhi, tadapi tesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ajānataṃ apassataṃ vedayitaṃ taṇhāgatānaṃ paritassitavipphanditameva.
触缘品显示巴利原文
Phassapaccayāvāro
118 诸比丘,那些持常见、以四种依据安立“自我与世界是常住”的沙门婆罗门,这也同样是以触为缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi, tadapi phassapaccayā.
119 诸比丘,那些持一分常住、一分无常论的沙门婆罗门,主张自我与世界一分常住、一分无常,依四种根据而安立此见,此亦以触为缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekaccasassatikā ekaccaasassatikā ekaccaṃ sassataṃ ekaccaṃ asassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi, tadapi phassapaccayā.
120 诸比丘,那些持有边无边论的沙门婆罗门,主张世界或有限、或无限,依四种根据而安立此见,此亦以触为缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā antānantikā antānantaṃ lokassa paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi, tadapi phassapaccayā.
121 诸比丘,那些持不死矫乱论的沙门婆罗门,每当被问到问题时,便以模棱两可、闪烁其词的言语作答,依四种根据而作此矫乱之说,此亦以触为缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā amarāvikkhepikā tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭhā samānā vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjanti amarāvikkhepaṃ catūhi vatthūhi, tadapi phassapaccayā.
122 诸比丘,那些持无因生见的沙门婆罗门,宣说自我与世界是无因而生,他们以两种依据建立此见,那也是以触为缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā adhiccasamuppannikā adhiccasamuppannaṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti dvīhi vatthūhi, tadapi phassapaccayā.
123 诸比丘,那些思择前际、执持前际见的沙门婆罗门,以十八种依据宣说关于过去的种种偏执之见,那也是以触为缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā pubbantakappikā pubbantānudiṭṭhino pubbantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi, tadapi phassapaccayā.
124 诸比丘,那些思量死后、执持死后有想论的沙门婆罗门,以十六种依据安立死后有想之我,那也是以触为缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā saññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ saññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti soḷasahi vatthūhi, tadapi phassapaccayā.
125 诸比丘,那些持死后无想论的沙门与婆罗门,以八种论式安立死后的无想之我,那亦是以触为缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra , bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā asaññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ asaññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti aṭṭhahi vatthūhi, tadapi phassapaccayā.
126 诸比丘,那些持死后非想非非想论的沙门与婆罗门,以八种论式安立死后的非想非非想之我,那亦是以触为缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā nevasaññīnāsaññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ nevasaññīnāsaññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti aṭṭhahi vatthūhi, tadapi phassapaccayā.
127 诸比丘,那些持断灭论的沙门与婆罗门,以七种论式安立现存众生的断灭、坏灭、虚无,那亦是以触为缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā ucchedavādā sato sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññapenti sattahi vatthūhi, tadapi phassapaccayā.
128 诸比丘,那些持现法涅槃论的沙门与婆罗门,以五种论式安立有情于现世的生命中获得最上现法涅槃,究其根源,亦是以触为缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādā sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapenti pañcahi vatthūhi, tadapi phassapaccayā.
129 诸比丘,那些推究未来、持未来随见,围绕未来,以四十四种依据宣说种种不同见解的沙门与婆罗门,究其根源,亦是以触为缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā aparantakappikā aparantānudiṭṭhino aparantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti catucattārīsāya vatthūhi, tadapi phassapaccayā.
130 诸比丘,那些推究过去、推究未来、推究过去与未来,持过去未来随见,围绕过去与未来,以六十二种依据宣说种种不同见解的沙门与婆罗门,究其根源,亦是以触为缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā pubbantakappikā ca aparantakappikā ca pubbantāparantakappikā ca pubbantāparantānudiṭṭhino pubbantāparantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti dvāsaṭṭhiyā vatthūhi, tadapi phassapaccayā.
无有是处品显示巴利原文
Netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjativāro
131 诸比丘,其中,那些常恒论的沙门婆罗门,依四种事安立“我”与“世间”为常恒,他们若离于触而能感受,这是不可能的,无有是处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
132 诸比丘,其中,那些部分常恒、部分非常恒论的沙门婆罗门,依四种事安立“我”与“世间”为部分常恒、部分非常恒,他们若离于触而能感受,这是不可能的,无有是处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekaccasassatikā ekacca asassatikā ekaccaṃ sassataṃ ekaccaṃ asassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
133 诸比丘,其中,那些持有边无边见的沙门与婆罗门,依四种理由安立世间为有边或无边。他们要离于触而有所感受——这是绝不可能的,绝无此事。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra , bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā antānantikā antānantaṃ lokassa paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
134 诸比丘,其中,那些不死矫乱论者,每当被问及问题时,便依四种理由陷入言语矫乱、堕入不死矫乱的沙门与婆罗门,他们要离于触而有所感受,这是不可能的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā amarāvikkhepikā tattha tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭhā samānā vācāvikkhepaṃ āpajjanti amarāvikkhepaṃ catūhi vatthūhi, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
135 诸比丘,那些主张“自我与世间是无因自生”的无因生论沙门与婆罗门,依两种理由安立无因而生的自我和世间。他们要离于触而有所感受,这是不可能的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā adhiccasamuppannikā adhiccasamuppannaṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti dvīhi vatthūhi, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
136 诸比丘,那些执取过去、持有过去之见的沙门与婆罗门,以十八种依据对过去发表种种臆测之说——他们若要离于触而有所感受,这是不可能的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra , bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā pubbantakappikā pubbantānudiṭṭhino pubbantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
137 诸比丘,那些持死后有想论的后际论沙门与婆罗门,以十六种依据宣称死后自我为有想——他们若要离于触而有所感受,这是不可能的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā saññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ saññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti soḷasahi vatthūhi, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
138 诸比丘,那些持死后无想论的后际论沙门与婆罗门,以八种依据宣称死后自我为无想——他们若要离于触而有所感受,这是不可能的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā asaññīvādā, uddhamāghātanaṃ asaññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti aṭṭhahi vatthūhi, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
139 诸比丘,那些持死后非想非非想论的后际论沙门、婆罗门,依八种依据宣称死后的自我是非想非非想的,他们若要离开触而感受,那是不可能的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā nevasaññīnāsaññīvādā uddhamāghātanaṃ nevasaññīnāsaññiṃ attānaṃ paññapenti aṭṭhahi vatthūhi, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
140 诸比丘,那些持断灭论的沙门、婆罗门,依七种依据宣说存在的有情将断灭、消失、坏灭,他们若要离开触而感受,那是不可能的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā ucchedavādā sato sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññapenti sattahi vatthūhi, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
141 诸比丘,那些主张现法涅槃的沙门、婆罗门,依五种依据,为存在的有情安立最上现法涅槃,他们若要离开触而感受,那是不可能的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra , bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādā sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapenti pañcahi vatthūhi, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
142 诸比丘,那些确立关于未来的观点、秉持未来见、以四十四种方式宣说关于未来的不同见解的沙门和婆罗门,却试图离开触而感受,这是绝无可能的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra , bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā aparantakappikā aparantānudiṭṭhino aparantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti catucattārīsāya vatthūhi, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
143 诸比丘,那些确立过去、未来或过去与未来的观点,秉持关于过去与未来的见解,并以六十二种方式宣说关于过去和未来的不同见解的沙门和婆罗门,却想要离开触去感受,这是绝无可能的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā pubbantakappikā ca aparantakappikā ca pubbantāparantakappikā ca pubbantāparantānudiṭṭhino pubbantāparantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti dvāsaṭṭhiyā vatthūhi, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
依见解而转起的执取轮转之说显示巴利原文
Diṭṭhigatikādhiṭṭhānavaṭṭakathā
144 诸比丘,那些持常住论、以四种依据安立我与世间为常的沙门和婆罗门,那些持部分常住、部分非常住论的沙门和婆罗门,那些持有边无边论的沙门和婆罗门,那些持诡辩论的沙门和婆罗门,那些持无因生论的沙门和婆罗门,那些随观过去的沙门和婆罗门,那些持死后有想论的沙门和婆罗门,那些持死后无想论的沙门和婆罗门,那些持死后非有想非无想论的沙门和婆罗门,那些持断灭论的沙门和婆罗门,那些持现法涅槃论的沙门和婆罗门,那些随观未来的沙门和婆罗门,以及那些随观过去、随观未来、随观过去未来、持过去未来见、以六十二种依据宣说种种过去未来胜解论门的沙门和婆罗门——这一切人,皆是通过六触处的反复接触而感受;以受为缘而有渴爱,以渴爱为缘而有取,以取为缘而有有,以有为缘而有生,以生为缘,老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼便生起。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi, yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekaccasassatikā ekaccaasassatikā…pe… yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā antānantikā… yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā amarāvikkhepikā… yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā adhiccasamuppannikā… yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā pubbantakappikā… yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā saññīvādā… yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā asaññīvādā… yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā uddhamāghātanikā nevasaññīnāsaññīvādā… yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā ucchedavādā… yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādā… yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā aparantakappikā… yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā pubbantakappikā ca aparantakappikā ca pubbantāparantakappikā ca pubbantāparantānudiṭṭhino pubbantāparantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti dvāsaṭṭhiyā vatthūhi, sabbe te chahi phassāyatanehi phussa phussa paṭisaṃvedenti tesaṃ vedanāpaccayā taṇhā, taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ, upādānapaccayā bhavo, bhavapaccayā jāti, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti.
出离轮转论等显示巴利原文
Vivaṭṭakathādi
145 诸比丘,当比丘如实了知六触处的集起、灭去、乐味、过患与出离,他便了知那超越这一切的殊胜。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yato kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ayaṃ imehi sabbeheva uttaritaraṃ pajānāti.
146 诸比丘,任何沙门或婆罗门,无论是随观过去的、随观未来的,还是随观过去与未来的,或是执持过去未来见的,对于过去未来宣说种种胜解论门,他们全都被这六十二种依处所成的网笼罩,就在此间被抓住浮出。无论怎样浮出,都困在这张网中;无论怎样浮现,都被含摄在网内,不能超脱。显示巴利原文
‘‘Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā pubbantakappikā vā aparantakappikā vā pubbantāparantakappikā vā pubbantāparantānudiṭṭhino pubbantāparantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti, sabbe te imeheva dvāsaṭṭhiyā vatthūhi antojālīkatā, ettha sitāva ummujjamānā ummujjanti, ettha pariyāpannā antojālīkatāva ummujjamānā ummujjanti.
“诸比丘,譬如熟练的渔夫或其徒弟,用细目渔网覆住一方小池塘。他心里会这样想:'凡是这个池塘中身型粗大的水族,都已尽入网中。它们就在这网里,无论怎样浮上来,都困在网中;它们被网笼罩,无论怎样浮上来,都脱不出这张网。'同样地,诸比丘,凡是那些沙门或婆罗门,无论推究过去、推究未来,还是同时推究过去与未来,持过去未来之见,对过去未来作出种种臆测之说,他们全都被这六十二种依处所笼罩,就在这里面,不论怎样浮上来挣扎,都困在这里;不论怎样浮上来,都被网在其中,脱不出来。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho kevaṭṭo vā kevaṭṭantevāsī vā sukhumacchikena jālena parittaṃ udakadahaṃ otthareyya. Tassa evamassa – ‘ye kho keci imasmiṃ udakadahe oḷārikā pāṇā, sabbe te antojālīkatā. Ettha sitāva ummujjamānā ummujjanti; ettha pariyāpannā antojālīkatāva ummujjamānā ummujjantī’ti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā pubbantakappikā vā aparantakappikā vā pubbantāparantakappikā vā pubbantāparantānudiṭṭhino pubbantāparantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti, sabbe te imeheva dvāsaṭṭhiyā vatthūhi antojālīkatā ettha sitāva ummujjamānā ummujjanti, ettha pariyāpannā antojālīkatāva ummujjamānā ummujjanti.
147 “诸比丘,如来的身体依然住世,而‘有’的牵索已完全截断。只要他的身体还住世,天人便能看见他。当身体崩解、寿命终结之后,天人便再不能见到他。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Ucchinnabhavanettiko, bhikkhave, tathāgatassa kāyo tiṭṭhati. Yāvassa kāyo ṭhassati, tāva naṃ dakkhanti devamanussā. Kāyassa bhedā uddhaṃ jīvitapariyādānā na naṃ dakkhanti devamanussā.
“诸比丘,犹如一串芒果,若其梗被割断,所有依于此梗的芒果,全都随之而断。同样地,诸比丘,如来已断除有之系缚,其身仍住。只要他的身体尚存,天与人便能见到他;一旦身体坏散、寿命灭尽之后,天与人便不再见到他。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ambapiṇḍiyā vaṇṭacchinnāya yāni kānici ambāni vaṇṭapaṭibandhāni , sabbāni tāni tadanvayāni bhavanti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, ucchinnabhavanettiko tathāgatassa kāyo tiṭṭhati, yāvassa kāyo ṭhassati, tāva naṃ dakkhanti devamanussā, kāyassa bhedā uddhaṃ jīvitapariyādānā na naṃ dakkhanti devamanussā’’ti.
148 听闻此言,尊者阿难对世尊说:「真是稀有,世尊!真是未曾有,世尊!这个法门当如何命名?」「那么,阿难,你当受持此法门,可称为『义网』,也可称为『法网』,也可称为『梵网』,也可称为『见网』,也可称为『无上的战场胜利』。」世尊如是说。显示巴利原文
Evaṃ vutte āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante, ko nāmo ayaṃ, bhante, dhammapariyāyo’’ti? ‘‘Tasmātiha tvaṃ, ānanda, imaṃ dhammapariyāyaṃ atthajālantipi naṃ dhārehi, dhammajālantipi naṃ dhārehi, brahmajālantipi naṃ dhārehi, diṭṭhijālantipi naṃ dhārehi, anuttaro saṅgāmavijayotipi naṃ dhārehī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā.
149 比丘们心生欢喜,对世尊所说随喜赞叹。当此记说被宣说时,一万世界皆悉震动。显示巴利原文
Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti. Imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne dasasahassī lokadhātu akampitthāti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册 Pali 中文(经文用名) 角色 Bhagavā 世尊 说法者 Suppiya 须卑 毁谤三宝者 Brahmadatta 梵授 苏比亚弟子,赞叹三宝者 Ānanda 阿难 请法者 bhikkhū 比丘僧团 闻法众
地点 王舍城与那烂陀之间的道路,以及王舍城的庵婆罗园王家旅舍。
事件 游方者苏比亚与弟子梵授紧随世尊僧团而行,师徒二人对佛、法、僧的毁誉持完全相反的观点。比丘们就此议论,世尊因此召集比丘开示,教导不应为毁誉所动,应如实分辨。世尊由此展开,阐述了从凡夫所赞叹的微细戒行,到六十二种基于“触缘”而生的邪见,并最终指出如来已超越这一切,断除了“有”的牵引。
经文摘要 世尊由外人毁誉之缘起 → 教导比丘应如何应对毁誉 → 进而分析凡夫赞叹仅是“小戒” → 深入剖析外道六十二种邪见皆源于“触缘” → 最后指出如来已彻底切断渴爱,超越所有见网。
中心思想 这篇经文像是在给我们画一张“终极地图”,标出所有会把我们困住的思想陷阱,并指明唯一自由的出路。
1. 背景:如何对待毁誉 :
一开始,佛陀拿游方者师徒的毁誉做引子,教他的弟子们一堂情商课。核心就是别被人言牵着走。被人骂了,别马上“愤恨、不满”;被人夸了,也别马上“欢喜、得意”。为啥?因为一旦被这些情绪带走,“那对你们自身就是障碍”,你就看不清真相了。所以,他给出了一个冷静的处事原则:对不实的毁谤,就直说“这是不实的”;对真实的赞叹,就坦承“这是真实的”。 这先把我们的心从情绪的泥潭里拉出来,摆在一个清醒、客观的基准线上。
2. 核心:一张“见网”与一张“触网” :
接着,佛陀铺开了一张巨细无遗的“见网”,列出了外道六十二种关于“我”和“世界”的各种奇谈怪论——什么“我和世间是常住的”、“死后再无意识”、“涅槃就在当下享乐”等等。但重点来了!佛陀并没有去逐一辩论这些观点对不对,而是直接指出它们的共同死穴—— “他们全都以六触处触而感受;以受为缘而有爱,以爱为缘而有取……以生为缘而有老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼生起。”
→ 拆开看: 这句话是整部经的“文眼”,把佛法的核心引擎——十二缘起——给装配进来了。意思是,所有那些看似高大上的哲学思辨,它们的底层逻辑不过是“感官(六触处)接触 → 产生感受 → 生起渴爱 → 执取不放 → 导致了整个轮回的苦”。任何人,只要还没看清这个身心运作的链条,无论他的理论听起来多玄妙,都只是在这张“触”所织成的因果大网里打转,编织出另一张叫“见”的理论之网,就像“细目的网”里的鱼,根本跳不出来。
3. 要旨:切断“有”的牵引 :
那么,出路在哪?经文最后说, “如来已切断有的牵引(渴爱)。” 就像把一串芒果的茎切断,整串芒果就都跟着下来了。
→ 一句话要旨: 与其编织更精妙的“见解之网”,不如直接切断驱动轮回的“渴爱之茎”。只有看清一切见解都源于无常的感官“触”,从根源上断除对感受的爱取,才能真正超越一切“见网”,获得彻底的解脱。
关键术语锚 - diṭṭhi (见/见解): 本篇的绝对主角。易错在于,它常被当作中性甚至褒义的“观点”,但这里几乎等同于束缚心智的“网”和“陷阱”,是覆盖真相的障碍。
- phassa (触): 六根与六尘的接触。本篇的深层核心。经文揭示,所有纷繁复杂的哲学“见解”的源头,都来自这个看似最基本的“触”。它容易被忽略,以为只是物理接触,实则是心与境的互动起点。
- upādāna (取): 缘起的第九支。在“触-受-爱-取-有...”的链条中,“取”是把理论上的“爱”变成现实苦困的关键一步。它常被误解为一般的“获取”,实则是炽热的执取和认同。
- bhava (有): 缘起的第十支。经文说如来“切断有的牵引”。它不是简单的“存在”,而是指驱动并导致再次出生的强大业力势能。断除了渴爱,就断除了产生“有”的燃料。
- taṇhā (爱/渴爱): 缘起的第八支。经文结尾将“有”的牵引等同于“渴爱”。它并非广义的“爱心”,而是导致轮回的贪欲驱动力,是佛法要斩断的根本。