礼敬彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者
长部·戒蕴品
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa · Dīghanikāyo · Sīlakkhandhavaggapāḷi
全书 213 段
1如是我闻:一时,世尊与约五百位比丘组成的大比丘僧团一起,正行进于王舍城(Rājagaha)与那烂陀(Nālandā)之间的路上。游方者苏毕亚(Suppiya)也带着弟子青年梵授(Brahmadatta),正行进于王舍城与那烂陀之间的同一条路上。一路上,游方者苏毕亚以种种方式毁谤佛、毁谤法、毁谤僧;而游方者苏毕亚的弟子青年梵授,却以种种方式称赞佛、称赞法、称赞僧。就这样,这师徒二人各自持着截然相反的言词,紧随世尊与比丘僧团而行。
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā antarā ca rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷandaṃ addhānamaggappaṭipanno hoti mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi. Suppiyopi kho paribbājako antarā ca rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷandaṃ addhānamaggappaṭipanno hoti saddhiṃ antevāsinā brahmadattena māṇavena. Tatra sudaṃ suppiyo paribbājako anekapariyāyena buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; suppiyassa pana paribbājakassa antevāsī brahmadatto māṇavo anekapariyāyena buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Itiha te ubho ācariyantevāsī aññamaññassa ujuvipaccanīkavādā bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhā honti bhikkhusaṅghañca.
2那时,世尊与比丘僧团一同在芒果苗圃(Ambalaṭṭhikā)的王家旅舍住了一夜。游方者苏毕亚也带着他的青年弟子梵授,住进了那间王家旅舍。在那里,游方者苏毕亚同样以种种方式毁谤佛、毁谤法、毁谤僧;而游方者苏毕亚的弟子青年梵授,却以种种方式称赞佛、称赞法、称赞僧。就这样,师徒二人各自说着全然相反的话,同住在那里。
Atha kho bhagavā ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ rājāgārake ekarattivāsaṃ upagacchi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena. Suppiyopi kho paribbājako ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ rājāgārake ekarattivāsaṃ upagacchi antevāsinā brahmadattena māṇavena. Tatrapi sudaṃ suppiyo paribbājako anekapariyāyena buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; suppiyassa pana paribbājakassa antevāsī brahmadatto māṇavo anekapariyāyena buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Itiha te ubho ācariyantevāsī aññamaññassa ujuvipaccanīkavādā viharanti.
3那时,众多比丘在破晓时分起来后,在圆厅里坐下聚集,彼此间生起了这样的议论:“朋友们,真是稀有!朋友们,真是不可思议!那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者的世尊,竟能如此善巧地了知众生种种不同的倾向。这位游方者苏毕亚以种种方式谤佛、谤法、谤僧;而游方者苏毕亚的弟子青年梵授,却以种种方式称赞佛、称赞法、称赞僧。就这样,这师徒两人,说着完全相反的话,紧跟在世尊和比丘僧团后面,一步不离。”
Atha kho sambahulānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhitānaṃ maṇḍalamāḷe sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayaṃ saṅkhiyadhammo udapādi – ‘‘acchariyaṃ, āvuso, abbhutaṃ, āvuso, yāvañcidaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sattānaṃ nānādhimuttikatā suppaṭividitā. Ayañhi suppiyo paribbājako anekapariyāyena buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; suppiyassa pana paribbājakassa antevāsī brahmadatto māṇavo anekapariyāyena buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Itihame ubho ācariyantevāsī aññamaññassa ujuvipaccanīkavādā bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhā honti bhikkhusaṅghañcā’’ti.
4那时,世尊了知了这些比丘的这番议论,便前往圆厅;到了之后,在铺好的座位上坐下。坐下后,世尊问诸比丘:“诸比丘,你们此刻聚在一起,正在谈论什么?你们中断的话题是什么?”听了这话,诸比丘便对世尊说:“尊者,我们这些人在破晓时分起来,在圆厅里坐下聚集,心里生起了这样的议论:‘朋友们,真是稀有!朋友们,真是不可思议!那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者的世尊,竟能如此善巧地了知众生种种不同的倾向。这位游方者苏毕亚以种种方式谤佛、谤法、谤僧;而游方者苏毕亚的弟子青年梵授,却以种种方式称赞佛、称赞法、称赞僧。就这样,这师徒两人,说着完全相反的话,紧跟在世尊和比丘僧团后面,一步不离。’尊者,这就是我们尚未说完的话题,那时世尊您就到了。”
Atha kho bhagavā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ imaṃ saṅkhiyadhammaṃ viditvā yena maṇḍalamāḷo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘kāyanuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā sannipatitā, kā ca pana vo antarākathā vippakatā’’ti? Evaṃ vutte te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘idha, bhante, amhākaṃ rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhitānaṃ maṇḍalamāḷe sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayaṃ saṅkhiyadhammo udapādi – ‘acchariyaṃ, āvuso, abbhutaṃ, āvuso, yāvañcidaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sattānaṃ nānādhimuttikatā suppaṭividitā. Ayañhi suppiyo paribbājako anekapariyāyena buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; suppiyassa pana paribbājakassa antevāsī brahmadatto māṇavo anekapariyāyena buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Itihame ubho ācariyantevāsī aññamaññassa ujuvipaccanīkavādā bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhā honti bhikkhusaṅghañcā’ti. Ayaṃ kho no, bhante, antarākathā vippakatā, atha bhagavā anuppatto’’ti.
5“诸比丘,若有人毁谤我、毁谤法、毁谤僧,你们不应因此生起愤恨、不满或内心的恼怒。若有人毁谤我、毁谤法、毁谤僧,而你们因此生气或不悦,那对你们自身便是一种障碍。诸比丘,若有人毁谤我、毁谤法、毁谤僧,你们因此而生气、不悦,那么你们还能分辨出他人所说的是善说还是恶说吗?”
“尊者,不能。”
“诸比丘,若有人毁谤我、毁谤法、毁谤僧,你们便应当对其中不实之处,如实地澄清:‘此非实;此非真;此种过失在我们身上了不可得,于我们中并不存在。’”
‘‘Mamaṃ vā, bhikkhave, pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, dhammassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, saṅghassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, tatra tumhehi na āghāto na appaccayo na cetaso anabhiraddhi karaṇīyā. Mamaṃ vā, bhikkhave , pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, dhammassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, saṅghassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, tatra ce tumhe assatha kupitā vā anattamanā vā, tumhaṃ yevassa tena antarāyo. Mamaṃ vā, bhikkhave, pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, dhammassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, saṅghassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, tatra ce tumhe assatha kupitā vā anattamanā vā, api nu tumhe paresaṃ subhāsitaṃ dubbhāsitaṃ ājāneyyāthā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Mamaṃ vā, bhikkhave, pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, dhammassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, saṅghassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, tatra tumhehi abhūtaṃ abhūtato nibbeṭhetabbaṃ – ‘itipetaṃ abhūtaṃ, itipetaṃ atacchaṃ, natthi cetaṃ amhesu, na ca panetaṃ amhesu saṃvijjatī’ti.
6“诸比丘,若有人赞叹我、赞叹法、赞叹僧,你们不应因此生起欢喜、喜悦或内心的得意。若有人赞叹我、赞叹法、赞叹僧,而你们因此欢喜、喜悦、得意,那对你们自身便是一种障碍。诸比丘,若有人赞叹我、赞叹法、赞叹僧,你们便应当对其中真实之处,如实地承认:‘此是实;此是真;此种功德在我们身上确实可见,于我们中是存在的。’”
‘‘Mamaṃ vā, bhikkhave, pare vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, dhammassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, saṅghassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, tatra tumhehi na ānando na somanassaṃ na cetaso uppilāvitattaṃ karaṇīyaṃ. Mamaṃ vā, bhikkhave, pare vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, dhammassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, saṅghassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, tatra ce tumhe assatha ānandino sumanā uppilāvitā tumhaṃ yevassa tena antarāyo. Mamaṃ vā, bhikkhave, pare vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, dhammassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, saṅghassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, tatra tumhehi bhūtaṃ bhūtato paṭijānitabbaṃ – ‘itipetaṃ bhūtaṃ, itipetaṃ tacchaṃ, atthi cetaṃ amhesu, saṃvijjati ca panetaṃ amhesū’ti.
7“诸比丘,凡夫赞叹如来时,所说的无非是些琐碎、粗浅的微细戒行。诸比丘,凡夫用以赞叹如来的那些琐碎、粗浅的微细戒行,究竟是哪些呢?”
‘‘Appamattakaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, oramattakaṃ sīlamattakaṃ, yena puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya. Katamañca taṃ, bhikkhave, appamattakaṃ oramattakaṃ sīlamattakaṃ, yena puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya?
8“诸比丘,凡夫会这样赞叹如来:‘沙门乔达摩(Gotama)已舍离杀生,远离杀生,放下棍棒与刀杖,常怀惭耻,具足悲悯,为利益与哀愍一切众生而住。’”
‘‘‘Pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo nihitadaṇḍo, nihitasattho, lajjī, dayāpanno, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharatī’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
“诸比丘,凡夫会这样赞叹如来:‘沙门乔达摩已舍离不与取,远离不与取,唯取所施,唯望所施,以不盗而自守清净,安住其中。’”
‘‘‘Adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo dinnādāyī dinnapāṭikaṅkhī, athenena sucibhūtena attanā viharatī’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
“诸比丘,凡夫会这样赞叹如来:‘沙门乔达摩舍离了非梵行,是梵行者,住于远离,彻底戒除凡俗的淫欲法。’”
‘‘‘Abrahmacariyaṃ pahāya brahmacārī samaṇo gotamo ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
9“诸比丘,凡夫会这样赞叹如来:‘沙门乔达摩舍离了妄语,远离妄语,他说真实之语,持守真实,诚实、可靠,不以言语欺诳世间。’”
‘‘‘Musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo saccavādī saccasandho theto paccayiko avisaṃvādako lokassā’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
“诸比丘,凡夫会这样赞叹如来:‘沙门乔达摩舍离了离间语,远离离间语。他不将此处所闻说于彼处以离间他们,亦不将彼处所闻说于此处以离间这些。他调和分裂者,扶持和合者,喜爱和合,乐于和合,欣悦和合,只说成就和合的话语。’”
‘‘‘Pisuṇaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo, ito sutvā na amutra akkhātā imesaṃ bhedāya, amutra vā sutvā na imesaṃ akkhātā amūsaṃ bhedāya. Iti bhinnānaṃ vā sandhātā, sahitānaṃ vā anuppadātā samaggārāmo samaggarato samagganandī samaggakaraṇiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
“诸比丘,凡夫在赞叹如来时,会这样说:‘沙门乔达摩已舍离粗恶语,远离粗恶语。他说的话语柔和、悦耳、满含亲切、深入人心、彬彬有礼,为大众所喜爱、所悦纳,他说的正是这样的话语。’”
‘‘‘Pharusaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo, yā sā vācā nelā kaṇṇasukhā pemanīyā hadayaṅgamā porī bahujanakantā bahujanamanāpā tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
“诸比丘,凡夫在赞叹如来时,会这样说:‘沙门乔达摩已舍离杂秽语,远离杂秽语。他说话适时、真实、有义、如法、如律,在恰当的时机,说出那些值得铭记、有道理、要言不烦、具足利益的话语。’
‘‘‘Samphappalāpaṃ pahāya samphappalāpā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī, nidhānavatiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā kālena sāpadesaṃ pariyantavatiṃ atthasaṃhita’nti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
10诸比丘,凡夫在赞叹如来时,会这样说:‘沙门乔达摩远离了伤害植物及种子的行为。’
‘Bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave…pe….
“沙门乔达摩日唯一食,夜分止息,远离非时食。……
‘‘‘Ekabhattiko samaṇo gotamo rattūparato virato vikālabhojanā….
沙门乔达摩远离观看舞蹈、歌唱、奏乐等娱乐表演。……
Naccagītavāditavisūkadassanā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离佩戴花环、涂抹香料香膏,以及种种装饰打扮。……
Mālāgandhavilepanadhāraṇamaṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离高广大床。……
Uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离收受金银。……
Jātarūparajatapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离收受生谷。……
Āmakadhaññapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩不受取生肉。……
Āmakamaṃsapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩不受纳妇女与童女。……
Itthikumārikapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩不受蓄男女奴婢。……
Dāsidāsapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离接受山羊与绵羊。……
Ajeḷakapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离接受鸡与猪。……
Kukkuṭasūkarapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离接受象、牛、马与牝马。……
Hatthigavassavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离接受田地与宅地。……
Khettavatthupaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离送信传讯、奔走差遣之事。……
Dūteyyapahiṇagamanānuyogā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离买卖。……
Kayavikkayā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离了在秤具、器皿与量器上的伪诈行为……
Tulākūṭakaṃsakūṭamānakūṭā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
沙门乔达摩远离了贿赂、诈骗、诡计与欺诳等不正当的行为……
Ukkoṭanavañcananikatisāciyogā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo….
诸比丘,凡夫在赞叹如来时或许会这样说:‘沙门乔达摩远离了割截、杀戮、束缚、劫掠、抢夺与暴力等恶行。’
Chedanavadhabandhanaviparāmosaālopasahasākārā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
11“比丘们,凡夫在称赞如来时,或许会这样说:‘有些受人敬重的沙门与婆罗门,在受用他人出于信心所施与的食物之后,仍从事于伤害种子与草木的行为,诸如:根种、茎种、节种、顶种,以及第五类——种子本身。沙门乔达摩则远离了如此伤害种子与草木的行为。’”
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhaṃ anuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – mūlabījaṃ khandhabījaṃ phaḷubījaṃ aggabījaṃ bījabījameva pañcamaṃ ; iti evarūpā bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
12“诸比丘,凡夫在称赞如来时,或许会这样说:‘有些受人尊敬的沙门和婆罗门,受用信施供养的食物后,却仍从事于积存和享受种种物品的行为,如:储存食物、储存饮品、储存衣服、储存车辆、储存卧具、储存香料、储存肉食等。沙门乔达摩则远离了这种储存和享受物品的行为。’”
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ sannidhikāraparibhogaṃ anuyuttā viharanti , seyyathidaṃ – annasannidhiṃ pānasannidhiṃ vatthasannidhiṃ yānasannidhiṃ sayanasannidhiṃ gandhasannidhiṃ āmisasannidhiṃ iti vā iti evarūpā sannidhikāraparibhogā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
13“比丘们,若有凡夫想要称赞如来,或许会这样说:‘有些受人尊敬的沙门与婆罗门,在受用了他人出于信心所供养的食物之后,竟还沉溺于观看种种娱乐表演,诸如:舞蹈、歌唱、音乐、戏剧、说书、拍手、铙钹、击鼓、妆扮表演、杂耍、竿戏、洗骨、象战、马战、水牛战、公牛战、山羊战、公羊战、斗鸡、鹌鹑斗、杖斗、拳斗、摔跤、观战、阅兵、布阵、观军等。沙门乔达摩则远离观看此类娱乐表演。’”
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ visūkadassanaṃ anuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – naccaṃ gītaṃ vāditaṃ pekkhaṃ akkhānaṃ pāṇissaraṃ vetāḷaṃ kumbhathūṇaṃ sobhanakaṃ caṇḍālaṃ vaṃsaṃ dhovanaṃ hatthiyuddhaṃ assayuddhaṃ mahiṃsayuddhaṃ usabhayuddhaṃ ajayuddhaṃ meṇḍayuddhaṃ kukkuṭayuddhaṃ vaṭṭakayuddhaṃ daṇḍayuddhaṃ muṭṭhiyuddhaṃ nibbuddhaṃ uyyodhikaṃ balaggaṃ senābyūhaṃ anīkadassanaṃ iti vā iti evarūpā visūkadassanā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
14“诸比丘,若有凡夫欲称赞如来,他也许会这样称述:‘有些受人尊敬的沙门与婆罗门,在受用了他人以信心供养的食物之后,竟还耽著于此类令人放纵、懈怠的戏乐,譬如:八条盘棋、十条盘棋、空中棋盘、跳房子、排石子、骰子、打棍、手指猜枚、球戏、叶笛、小锄犁、翻筋斗、风车戏、树叶量器、小车、小弓、猜字、猜意、模仿残缺。沙门乔达摩则远离了此种令人放纵、懈怠的戏乐。’”
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyogaṃ anuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – aṭṭhapadaṃ dasapadaṃ ākāsaṃ parihārapathaṃ santikaṃ khalikaṃ ghaṭikaṃ salākahatthaṃ akkhaṃ paṅgacīraṃ vaṅkakaṃ mokkhacikaṃ ciṅgulikaṃ pattāḷhakaṃ rathakaṃ dhanukaṃ akkharikaṃ manesikaṃ yathāvajjaṃ iti vā iti evarūpā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyogā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
15“诸比丘,凡夫在赞叹如来时,或许会这样说:‘有些沙门婆罗门,受用信施之食后,却沉迷于使用高广大床,诸如:高椅、长榻、长毛毡、杂色毛毯、白毛毯、绣花毯、棉垫、有图案的毯、两端垂穗的毯、一端垂穗的毯、织金毯、绢丝毯、舞者用毯、象鞍毯、马鞍毯、车毡、羊皮拼接毯、顶级羚羊皮垫、有顶篷的床、两端有红枕的床——沙门乔达摩已舍离这一切高广大床。’”
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ uccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ anuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – āsandiṃ pallaṅkaṃ gonakaṃ cittakaṃ paṭikaṃ paṭalikaṃ tūlikaṃ vikatikaṃ uddalomiṃ ekantalomiṃ kaṭṭissaṃ koseyyaṃ kuttakaṃ hatthattharaṃ assattharaṃ rathattharaṃ ajinappaveṇiṃ kadalimigapavarapaccattharaṇaṃ sauttaracchadaṃ ubhatolohitakūpadhānaṃ iti vā iti evarūpā uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
16“诸比丘,凡夫在赞叹如来时,或许会这样说:‘有些沙门婆罗门,受用信施之食后,却沉迷于各种装饰打扮,诸如:涂油、按摩、沐浴、推拿、照镜、涂眼膏、戴花环、涂香、抹香粉、涂面、戴手镯、扎顶髻、持手杖、用药筒、佩剑、打伞、穿彩鞋、戴头巾、戴宝石、持拂尘、穿着长曳白衣——沙门乔达摩已舍离这一切装饰打扮。’”
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ maṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānānuyogaṃ anuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – ucchādanaṃ parimaddanaṃ nhāpanaṃ sambāhanaṃ ādāsaṃ añjanaṃ mālāgandhavilepanaṃ mukhacuṇṇaṃ mukhalepanaṃ hatthabandhaṃ sikhābandhaṃ daṇḍaṃ nāḷikaṃ asiṃ chattaṃ citrupāhanaṃ uṇhīsaṃ maṇiṃ vālabījaniṃ odātāni vatthāni dīghadasāni iti vā iti evarūpā maṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānānuyogā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
17“诸比丘,凡夫赞叹如来时,或许会这样说:‘有些沙门与婆罗门,受用信施供养的食物之后,却乐著于种种低俗的言谈,譬如:国王论、盗贼论、大臣论、军队论、恐怖论、战争论、食物论、饮品论、衣服论、床具论、华鬘论、香熏论、亲族论、车乘论、村庄论(Gāmakathā)、市镇论、都城论、国邦论、女色论、勇士论、街巷论、井池论、亡故先人论、世间异闻论、世间传说、海洋传说、或有或无之论——沙门乔达摩远离了所有此类低俗的言谈。’”
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ tiracchānakathaṃ anuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – rājakathaṃ corakathaṃ mahāmattakathaṃ senākathaṃ bhayakathaṃ yuddhakathaṃ annakathaṃ pānakathaṃ vatthakathaṃ sayanakathaṃ mālākathaṃ gandhakathaṃ ñātikathaṃ yānakathaṃ gāmakathaṃ nigamakathaṃ nagarakathaṃ janapadakathaṃ itthikathaṃ sūrakathaṃ visikhākathaṃ kumbhaṭṭhānakathaṃ pubbapetakathaṃ nānattakathaṃ lokakkhāyikaṃ samuddakkhāyikaṃ itibhavābhavakathaṃ iti vā iti evarūpāya tiracchānakathāya paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
18“诸比丘,凡夫赞叹如来时,或许会这样说:‘有些沙门婆罗门,吃了信众供养的食物,却沉迷于争论性的谈话,例如:“你不懂这法和律,我懂;你怎么可能懂这法和律?你走错了路,我走的才对;我说的才连贯,你说的不连贯;该先说的你后说,该后说的你先说;你那一套早已被推翻;你的论点已被驳倒;你输了;去把你的论点理清吧;能自圆其说的话就试试看。”沙门乔达摩已完全远离这类争论性的谈话。’”
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ viggāhikakathaṃ anuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – na tvaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānāsi, ahaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānāmi, kiṃ tvaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānissasi, micchā paṭipanno tvamasi, ahamasmi sammā paṭipanno, sahitaṃ me, asahitaṃ te, purevacanīyaṃ pacchā avaca, pacchāvacanīyaṃ pure avaca, adhiciṇṇaṃ te viparāvattaṃ, āropito te vādo, niggahito tvamasi, cara vādappamokkhāya, nibbeṭhehi vā sace pahosīti iti vā iti evarūpāya viggāhikakathāya paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
19“诸比丘,凡夫赞叹如来时,或许会这样说:‘有些沙门婆罗门,吃了信众供养的食物,却沉迷于为人跑腿传信,例如为国王、大臣、刹帝利、婆罗门、居士和王子们传话:“去这里,去那里;把这个拿去,把那个带来。”沙门乔达摩已完全远离这类跑腿传信的俗务。’”
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ dūteyyapahiṇagamanānuyogaṃ anuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – raññaṃ, rājamahāmattānaṃ, khattiyānaṃ, brāhmaṇānaṃ, gahapatikānaṃ, kumārānaṃ ‘‘idha gaccha, amutrāgaccha, idaṃ hara, amutra idaṃ āharā’’ti iti vā iti evarūpā dūteyyapahiṇagamanānuyogā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
20“诸比丘,凡夫赞叹如来时,或许会这样说:‘有些沙门婆罗门,受了信众供养的食物,却沉溺于欺诈、花言巧语、暗示、贬损他人,以及用利养谋取利养的行径。沙门乔达摩则完全远离了这类欺诈与花言巧语。’”
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te kuhakā ca honti, lapakā ca nemittikā ca nippesikā ca, lābhena lābhaṃ nijigīṃsitāro ca iti evarūpā kuhanalapanā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
21“又有一些沙门婆罗门,受了信施供养的食物后,却靠这类畜生明、以邪命谋生而过活。诸如:观肢体相、察征兆、解灾异、占梦、看相、辨鼠咬痕;举行火供、杓供、谷壳供、米糠供、米供、酥油供、油供、口祭、血供;操持肢体明术、宅地明术、武士明术、吉祥明术、鬼神明术;修习地术、蛇术、毒术、蝎术、鼠术、鸟术、鸦术;预言寿命、念诵弓箭护咒、辨识兽声。而沙门乔达摩则完全远离了这类畜生明与邪命谋生。”诸比丘,若有凡夫欲赞叹如来,便会如此赞叹。
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti , seyyathidaṃ – aṅgaṃ nimittaṃ uppātaṃ supinaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ mūsikacchinnaṃ aggihomaṃ dabbihomaṃ thusahomaṃ kaṇahomaṃ taṇḍulahomaṃ sappihomaṃ telahomaṃ mukhahomaṃ lohitahomaṃ aṅgavijjā vatthuvijjā khattavijjā sivavijjā bhūtavijjā bhūrivijjā ahivijjā visavijjā vicchikavijjā mūsikavijjā sakuṇavijjā vāyasavijjā pakkajjhānaṃ saraparittāṇaṃ migacakkaṃ iti vā iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
22“又有些沙门婆罗门,在享用了信施供养的食物后,却依畜生明、以不正当的谋生方式过活。诸如:观珠宝相、观衣相、观杖相、观刀相、观剑相、观箭相、观弓相、观武器相、观女相、观男相、观童男相、观童女相、观奴仆相、观婢女相、观象相、观马相、观水牛相、观公牛相、观牛相、观山羊相、观绵羊相、观鸡相、观鹌鹑相、观蜥蜴相、观耳环相、观龟相、观鹿相。沙门乔达摩,则完全远离了如此畜生明和不正当的谋生方式。诸比丘,凡夫若要赞叹如来,便会如此说。”
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti, seyyathidaṃ – maṇilakkhaṇaṃ vatthalakkhaṇaṃ daṇḍalakkhaṇaṃ satthalakkhaṇaṃ asilakkhaṇaṃ usulakkhaṇaṃ dhanulakkhaṇaṃ āvudhalakkhaṇaṃ itthilakkhaṇaṃ purisalakkhaṇaṃ kumāralakkhaṇaṃ kumārilakkhaṇaṃ dāsalakkhaṇaṃ dāsilakkhaṇaṃ hatthilakkhaṇaṃ assalakkhaṇaṃ mahiṃsalakkhaṇaṃ usabhalakkhaṇaṃ golakkhaṇaṃ ajalakkhaṇaṃ meṇḍalakkhaṇaṃ kukkuṭalakkhaṇaṃ vaṭṭakalakkhaṇaṃ godhālakkhaṇaṃ kaṇṇikālakkhaṇaṃ kacchapalakkhaṇaṃ migalakkhaṇaṃ iti vā iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
23“又有些沙门婆罗门,在享用了信施供养的食物后,却依畜生明、以不正当的谋生方式过活。例如作这样的预言:‘国王们将出征,国王们将回返;我方国王将进攻,敌方国王将撤退;敌方国王将进攻,我方国王将撤退;我方国王将获胜,敌方国王将败北;敌方国王将获胜,我方国王将败北;此人将得胜,彼人将败亡。’沙门乔达摩,则完全远离了如此畜生明和不正当的谋生方式。诸比丘,凡夫若要赞叹如来,便会如此说。”
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti, seyyathidaṃ – raññaṃ niyyānaṃ bhavissati, raññaṃ aniyyānaṃ bhavissati, abbhantarānaṃ raññaṃ upayānaṃ bhavissati, bāhirānaṃ raññaṃ apayānaṃ bhavissati, bāhirānaṃ raññaṃ upayānaṃ bhavissati, abbhantarānaṃ raññaṃ apayānaṃ bhavissati, abbhantarānaṃ raññaṃ jayo bhavissati, bāhirānaṃ raññaṃ parājayo bhavissati, bāhirānaṃ raññaṃ jayo bhavissati, abbhantarānaṃ raññaṃ parājayo bhavissati, iti imassa jayo bhavissati, imassa parājayo bhavissati iti vā iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
24“又有一些沙门和婆罗门,在享用信施所供的食物之后,却依止这类畜生明,以邪命谋生。譬如,他们作出这样的预言:‘将有月食,将有日食,将有星食;日月将沿正轨运行,将脱离正轨运行;星辰将沿正轨运行,将脱离正轨运行;将有流星坠落,将有天火燃烧,将有地震,将有天鼓响;日月星辰的升起、沉落、昏浊、清亮,都将发生。’他们还预言:‘月食会有如此的果报,日食会有如此的果报,星食会有如此的果报;日月沿正轨运行会有如此的果报,日月脱离正轨运行会有如此的果报;星辰沿正轨运行会有如此的果报,星辰脱离正轨运行会有如此的果报;流星坠落会有如此的果报,天火燃烧会有如此的果报,地震会有如此的果报,天鼓响会有如此的果报;日月星辰的升起、沉落、昏浊、清亮,会有如此的果报。’而沙门乔达摩,则完全远离了这类畜生明与邪命。诸比丘,凡夫若要赞叹如来,便会这样说。”
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti, seyyathidaṃ – candaggāho bhavissati, sūriyaggāho bhavissati, nakkhattaggāho bhavissati, candimasūriyānaṃ pathagamanaṃ bhavissati, candimasūriyānaṃ uppathagamanaṃ bhavissati, nakkhattānaṃ pathagamanaṃ bhavissati, nakkhattānaṃ uppathagamanaṃ bhavissati, ukkāpāto bhavissati, disāḍāho bhavissati, bhūmicālo bhavissati, devadudrabhi bhavissati, candimasūriyanakkhattānaṃ uggamanaṃ ogamanaṃ saṃkilesaṃ vodānaṃ bhavissati, evaṃvipāko candaggāho bhavissati, evaṃvipāko sūriyaggāho bhavissati, evaṃvipāko nakkhattaggāho bhavissati, evaṃvipākaṃ candimasūriyānaṃ pathagamanaṃ bhavissati, evaṃvipākaṃ candimasūriyānaṃ uppathagamanaṃ bhavissati, evaṃvipākaṃ nakkhattānaṃ pathagamanaṃ bhavissati, evaṃvipākaṃ nakkhattānaṃ uppathagamanaṃ bhavissati, evaṃvipāko ukkāpāto bhavissati, evaṃvipāko disāḍāho bhavissati, evaṃvipāko bhūmicālo bhavissati, evaṃvipāko devadudrabhi bhavissati, evaṃvipākaṃ candimasūriyanakkhattānaṃ uggamanaṃ ogamanaṃ saṃkilesaṃ vodānaṃ bhavissati iti vā iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
25“又有一些沙门婆罗门,受用了信施供养的食物之后,却依这些畜生般的方术、以不正当的谋生方式维生。例如预言:‘将雨水丰沛,将雨水稀少;将五谷丰登,将粮食歉收;将安稳太平,将有灾祸恐惧;将疫病流行,将健康无病。’又从事指算、计算、统计、诗歌、顺世论之类。沙门乔达摩,则已彻底远离如此畜生般的方术与邪命。”比丘们,凡夫在称赞如来时,所说的或许就是这些。
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti, seyyathidaṃ – suvuṭṭhikā bhavissati, dubbuṭṭhikā bhavissati, subhikkhaṃ bhavissati, dubbhikkhaṃ bhavissati, khemaṃ bhavissati, bhayaṃ bhavissati, rogo bhavissati, ārogyaṃ bhavissati, muddā, gaṇanā, saṅkhānaṃ, kāveyyaṃ, lokāyataṃ iti vā iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
26“又有一些沙门婆罗门,受用了信施供养的食物之后,却依这些畜生般的方术、以不正当的谋生方式维生。例如:安排嫁娶,促成婚事,撮合与拆散;择吉日收债,择吉日放贷;作吉祥咒或厄运咒;障碍胎儿;以咒语束缚舌头,锁住下巴;手咒,下巴咒,耳咒;借镜问卜,托童女问卜,求神问卜;礼拜太阳,崇拜大天;口吐火焰;招请吉祥天女等。沙门乔达摩,则已彻底远离如此畜生般的方术与邪命。”比丘们,凡夫在称赞如来时,所说的或许就是这些。
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti , seyyathidaṃ – āvāhanaṃ vivāhanaṃ saṃvaraṇaṃ vivaraṇaṃ saṃkiraṇaṃ vikiraṇaṃ subhagakaraṇaṃ dubbhagakaraṇaṃ viruddhagabbhakaraṇaṃ jivhānibandhanaṃ hanusaṃhananaṃ hatthābhijappanaṃ hanujappanaṃ kaṇṇajappanaṃ ādāsapañhaṃ kumārikapañhaṃ devapañhaṃ ādiccupaṭṭhānaṃ mahatupaṭṭhānaṃ abbhujjalanaṃ sirivhāyanaṃ iti vā iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
27“又有一些沙门婆罗门,受用了信施供养的食物之后,却依这些畜生般的方术、以不正当的谋生方式维生。例如:祭祀祈愿,安抚鬼神,土地仪式,令阉人复为男子之术,令男子成为阉人之术,择地与奠基仪式,漱口沐浴,献祭供奉。还使用催吐药、泻药、上泻药、下泻药、头部泻药,调制耳油、滴眼油,施鼻药,敷眼药、再敷眼药,行眼科、外科,小儿科,给予根药,以及敷药后撤除药物。沙门乔达摩,则已彻底远离如此畜生般的方术与邪命。”比丘们,凡夫在称赞如来时,所说的或许就是这些。
‘‘‘Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvitaṃ kappenti, seyyathidaṃ – santikammaṃ paṇidhikammaṃ bhūtakammaṃ bhūrikammaṃ vassakammaṃ vossakammaṃ vatthukammaṃ vatthuparikammaṃ ācamanaṃ nhāpanaṃ juhanaṃ vamanaṃ virecanaṃ uddhaṃvirecanaṃ adhovirecanaṃ sīsavirecanaṃ kaṇṇatelaṃ nettatappanaṃ natthukammaṃ añjanaṃ paccañjanaṃ sālākiyaṃ sallakattiyaṃ dārakatikicchā mūlabhesajjānaṃ anuppadānaṃ osadhīnaṃ paṭimokkho iti vā iti evarūpāya tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamo’ti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
“诸比丘,这些只是微末、肤浅、仅属戒行的细碎之事,凡夫正是依此而称说赞叹如来。
‘‘Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appamattakaṃ oramattakaṃ sīlamattakaṃ, yena puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya.
28“诸比丘,另有一些法,它们深远、难见、难悟、寂静、殊胜、非思量所行境、微妙、唯智者所能证知。这些法,是如来亲自以证智现证之后,方才宣说的。唯有依循这些法,才能正确、如实地真正赞叹如来。诸比丘!这些深远、难见、难悟、寂静、殊胜、非思量所行境、微妙、唯智者所能证知,且是如来亲自以证智现证后所宣说,能令人正确、如实地赞叹如来的法,究竟是哪些呢?
‘‘Atthi , bhikkhave, aññeva dhammā gambhīrā duddasā duranubodhā santā paṇītā atakkāvacarā nipuṇā paṇḍitavedanīyā, ye tathāgato sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti, yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ. Katame ca te, bhikkhave, dhammā gambhīrā duddasā duranubodhā santā paṇītā atakkāvacarā nipuṇā paṇḍitavedanīyā, ye tathāgato sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti, yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ?
29“诸比丘,有某些沙门与婆罗门,是前际论者、持前际随见者,依于前际,以十八种根据宣说种种信解之辞。那些沙门与婆罗门,依凭什么、因于什么,成为前际论者、持前际随见者,并依于前际,以十八种根据宣说种种信解之辞呢?
‘‘Santi , bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā pubbantakappikā pubbantānudiṭṭhino, pubbantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi. Te ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha pubbantakappikā pubbantānudiṭṭhino pubbantaṃ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi?
30“诸比丘,有一些沙门和婆罗门是常住论者,他们以四种理由,主张“我与世间是常住的”。那些可敬的沙门和婆罗门,是依凭什么、基于什么,而以四种理由安立“我与世间是常住”这个观点呢?
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā, sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi. Te ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi?
31“诸比丘,在此,有某位沙门或婆罗门,依于精勤、策励、恒常修习、不放逸与如理作意,证得如是心定。当心入定后,他便能忆念种种过去生。即如:一生、二生、三生、四生、五生、十生、二十生、三十生、四十生、五十生、一百生、一千生、十万生,乃至无数百生、无数千生、无数十万生——“在那里,我的名字是此,姓如是,相貌如是,所受食如是,所历苦乐如是,寿量如是;从彼处死后,我又转生他处。在那个地方,我的名字是此,姓如是,相貌如是,所受食如是,所历苦乐如是,寿量如是;从彼处死后,我才投生到这里。”如此,他能随细节与概要,忆念种种过去生。”
‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusati, yathāsamāhite citte ( ) anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekānipi jātisatāni anekānipi jātisahassāni anekānipi jātisatasahassāni – ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
“他这样说道:‘我与世间皆是常住的,不育,如山顶般稳固,如石柱般屹立不动;那些众生虽在流转、轮回、死去又投生,然而唯有此是常住的。这是什么缘故呢?因为我依于精勤、依于努力、依于不懈的修习、依于不放逸、依于如理作意,证得了那样的心定。心入定后,我便能忆念种种过去生,诸如:一生、二生、三生、四生、五生、十生、二十生、三十生、四十生、五十生、一百生、一千生、十万生,乃至无数百生、无数千生、无数十万生。在那些生处,我的名字是如此、姓氏是如此、相貌是如此、所食是如此、所经历的苦乐是如此、寿命是如此;从那里死后,我投生到另一处。在那个地方,我的名字是如此、姓氏是如此、相貌是如此、所食是如此、所经历的苦乐是如此、寿命是如此;从那里死后,我又投生到这里。如此,我能具足细节与概要地忆念种种过去生。我依此体验而了知:我与世间是常住的,不育,如山顶般稳固,如石柱般屹立不动;那些众生虽在流转、轮回、死去又投生,然而唯有此是常住的。’诸比丘,这就是第一种情形。有些主张常住的沙门与婆罗门,正是基于此、依于此,才宣称我与世间是常住的。
‘‘So evamāha – ‘sassato attā ca loko ca vañjho kūṭaṭṭho esikaṭṭhāyiṭṭhito; te ca sattā sandhāvanti saṃsaranti cavanti upapajjanti, atthitveva sassatisamaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ahañhi ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusāmi, yathāsamāhite citte anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekānipi jātisatāni anekānipi jātisahassāni anekānipi jātisatasahassāni – amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapannoti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Imināmahaṃ etaṃ jānāmi ‘‘yathā sassato attā ca loko ca vañjho kūṭaṭṭho esikaṭṭhāyiṭṭhito; te ca sattā sandhāvanti saṃsaranti cavanti upapajjanti, atthitveva sassatisama’’nti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti.
32“那些主张常住的沙门和婆罗门,又是基于什么、依着什么,来宣称我和世间是常住的呢?诸位比丘,在此,有某位沙门或婆罗门,依于精勤、努力、不懈修习、不放逸、如理作意,证得如是心定。当心入定后,他便能回忆起种种过去生。比如,他能回忆一个坏成劫、两个坏成劫、三个坏成劫、四个坏成劫、五个坏成劫,乃至十个坏成劫——‘在那里,我的名字如此,姓氏如此,相貌如此,所食如此,经历苦乐如此,寿命如此;从那里死后,我投生到另一处。在那一处,我的名字如此,姓氏如此,相貌如此,所食如此,经历苦乐如此,寿命如此;从那里死后,我投生到了此处。’如此,他能带着细节与概要,回忆起种种过去生。”
‘‘Dutiye ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusati, yathāsamāhite citte anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Seyyathidaṃ – ekampi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭaṃ dvepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni tīṇipi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni cattāripi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni pañcapi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni dasapi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni – ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
“他便这样说:‘我与世间皆是常住的,不育,如山巅般稳固,如石柱般屹立不动;那些众生虽在流转、轮回、死去又投生,唯有此是常住的。这是什么原因呢?因为我由精勤、由努力、由恒修、由不放逸、由如理作意,证得了那样的心定。当心得定之后,我便能回忆起种种过去生。例如,一个坏成劫、两个坏成劫、三个坏成劫、四个坏成劫、五个坏成劫,乃至十个坏成劫。在彼处,我有这样的名字、这样的姓氏、这样的相貌、这样的饮食、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿命;从彼处死后,我又投生到另一处。在那另一处,我有这样的名字、这样的姓氏、这样的相貌、这样的饮食、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿命;从那里死后,我才投生到这里。如此,我能具足细节与概要,回忆起种种过去生。依此体验,我便知道:我与世间皆是常住的,不育,如山巅般稳固,如石柱般屹立不动;那些众生虽在流转、轮回、死去又投生,唯有此是常住的。’诸位比丘,这就是第二种情况。有些主张常住的沙门和婆罗门,依此、缘此,才宣称我与世间是常住的。
‘‘So evamāha – ‘sassato attā ca loko ca vañjho kūṭaṭṭho esikaṭṭhāyiṭṭhito; te ca sattā sandhāvanti saṃsaranti cavanti upapajjanti, atthitveva sassatisamaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ahañhi ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusāmi yathāsamāhite citte anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Seyyathidaṃ – ekampi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭaṃ dvepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni tīṇipi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni cattāripi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni pañcapi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni dasapi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni. Amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapannoti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Imināmahaṃ etaṃ jānāmi ‘‘yathā sassato attā ca loko ca vañjho kūṭaṭṭho esikaṭṭhāyiṭṭhito, te ca sattā sandhāvanti saṃsaranti cavanti upapajjanti, atthitveva sassatisama’’nti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti.
33“第三种情形,那些主张常住的沙门和婆罗门,是依于什么、基于什么,而宣称我与世间是常住的呢?诸位比丘,在此,有某位沙门或婆罗门,由精勤、由努力、由恒修、由不放逸、由如理作意,证得了那样的心定。当心得定之后,他便能回忆起种种过去生。例如,他能回忆十个坏成劫、二十个坏成劫、三十个坏成劫、乃至四十个坏成劫:‘在彼时,我有这样的名字、这样的姓氏、这样的相貌、这样的饮食、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿命;从彼处死后,我又投生到另一处。在那另一处,我有这样的名字、这样的姓氏、这样的相貌、这样的饮食、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿命;从那里死后,我才投生到这里。’如此,他能具足细节与概要,回忆起种种过去生。”
‘‘Tatiye ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusati, yathāsamāhite citte anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Seyyathidaṃ – dasapi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni vīsampi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni tiṃsampi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni cattālīsampi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni – ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
“他便这样说:‘我与世间是常恒的,是不育的,如山顶般稳固,如石柱般屹立不动;那些众生虽在流转、轮回、死没、再生,而此是常恒存在的。这是什么原因呢?因为我依精勤、依努力、依修习、依不放逸、依如理作意,证得那样的心定。当心得定后,我便能忆念种种过去生。例如,十个坏成劫、二十个坏成劫、三十个坏成劫、乃至四十个坏成劫——在彼处,我的名字如是、姓氏如是、容貌如是、所食如是、感受苦乐如是、寿命如是;从彼处死后,我又投生另一处。在另一处,我的名字如是、姓氏如是、容貌如是、所食如是、感受苦乐如是、寿命如是;从彼处死后,我便投生到这里。如是,我能随诸细节与概略,忆念种种过去生。我依此证知:我与世间是常恒的,是不育的,如山顶般稳固,如石柱般屹立不动;那些众生虽在流转、轮回、死没、再生,而此是常恒存在的。’诸比丘,这便是第三种情况,某些持常住论的沙门和婆罗门正是依此而立论,宣称‘我与世间是常恒的’。
‘‘So evamāha – ‘sassato attā ca loko ca vañjho kūṭaṭṭho esikaṭṭhāyiṭṭhito; te ca sattā sandhāvanti saṃsaranti cavanti upapajjanti, atthitveva sassatisamaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ahañhi ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusāmi, yathāsamāhite citte anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Seyyathidaṃ – dasapi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni vīsampi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni tiṃsampi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni cattālīsampi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭāni – ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapannoti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Imināmahaṃ etaṃ jānāmi ‘‘yathā sassato attā ca loko ca vañjho kūṭaṭṭho esikaṭṭhāyiṭṭhito, te ca sattā sandhāvanti saṃsaranti cavanti upapajjanti, atthitveva sassatisama’’nti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti.
34“第四类的沙门婆罗门,是依什么、从什么出发,来宣称‘我与世间是常恒的’这种常住论呢?诸比丘,于这世间,有某位沙门或婆罗门,是推比者、思察者。他依推论所得,顺着思察之路,表达自己的见解,这样说:‘我与世间是常恒的,是不育的,如山顶般稳固,如石柱般屹立不动。那些众生虽流转、轮回、死没、再生,但仍有常恒的存在。’诸比丘,这便是第四种情况,某些沙门婆罗门正是依此、由此出发,宣称‘我与世间是常恒的’这种常住论。
‘‘Catutthe ca bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā kimāgamma kimārabbha sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā takkī hoti vīmaṃsī, so takkapariyāhataṃ vīmaṃsānucaritaṃ sayaṃ paṭibhānaṃ evamāha – ‘sassato attā ca loko ca vañjho kūṭaṭṭho esikaṭṭhāyiṭṭhito; te ca sattā sandhāvanti saṃsaranti cavanti upapajjanti, atthitveva sassatisama’nti . Idaṃ, bhikkhave, catutthaṃ ṭhānaṃ, yaṃ āgamma yaṃ ārabbha eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti.
35“诸比丘,那些宣称‘我与世间是常恒的’沙门婆罗门,正是依这四种情况而宣说。诸比丘,凡任何沙门或婆罗门,若主张‘我与世间是常恒的’常住论者,他们全都是依这四种情况,或其中的一种而立论。离此之外,更无其他。”
‘‘Imehi kho te, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā sassatavādā sassataṃ attānañca lokañca paññapenti, sabbe te imeheva catūhi vatthūhi, etesaṃ vā aññatarena; natthi ito bahiddhā.
36“诸比丘,如来对此了知:‘这些见解的立足处,若被这样执取、这样把握,便会招致如此的来生趣向、如此的来世果报。’如来不仅了知这些,更了知超越于此的;而他对这个了知也不执取。由于不执取,他于自身内证得了寂灭。诸比丘,如来如实了知感受的集起、灭去、乐味、过患与出离,无取著而解脱。”
‘‘Tayidaṃ , bhikkhave, tathāgato pajānāti – ‘ime diṭṭhiṭṭhānā evaṃgahitā evaṃparāmaṭṭhā evaṃgatikā bhavanti evaṃabhisamparāyā’ti, tañca tathāgato pajānāti, tato ca uttaritaraṃ pajānāti; tañca pajānanaṃ na parāmasati, aparāmasato cassa paccattaññeva nibbuti viditā. Vedanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ viditvā anupādāvimutto, bhikkhave, tathāgato.
37“诸比丘,这些法深奥、难见、难觉悟、寂静、殊胜、不落思惟推论、微细、唯智者所能体证——正是如来以自身的证智亲自证悟之后所宣说的。那些正确赞叹如来真实功德的人,正是依据这些而说。”
‘‘Ime kho te, bhikkhave, dhammā gambhīrā duddasā duranubodhā santā paṇītā atakkāvacarā nipuṇā paṇḍitavedanīyā, ye tathāgato sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti, yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṃ vaṇṇaṃ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṃ.