4. 尼萨耆亚篇显示巴利原文
4. Nissaggiyakaṇḍaṃ
1. 衣品显示巴利原文
1. Cīvaravaggo
1. 迦絺那学处显示巴利原文
1. Paṭhamakathinasikkhāpadaṃ
459 那时,佛陀世尊住在毗舍离的乔达摩支提。就在那时,世尊允许了诸比丘[持]三衣。六群比丘心想:“世尊允许了三衣。”于是,他们穿着一套三衣进村,一套三衣放在寺院里,又一套三衣穿着去洗澡。那些少欲的诸比丘……对此感到不满、批评、指责:“六群比丘怎么能持有多余的衣呢!”于是,那些比丘用各种方式呵责了六群比丘后,将这件事报告了世尊。……“诸比丘,听说你们真的持有多余的衣吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责了……“愚痴的人啊,你们怎么能持有多余的衣呢!愚痴的人啊,这既不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tene samayena buddho bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati gotamake cetiye. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ ticīvaraṃ anuññātaṃ hoti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū – ‘‘bhagavatā ticīvaraṃ anuññāta’’nti aññeneva ticīvarena gāmaṃ pavisanti, aññena ticīvarena ārāme acchanti, aññena ticīvarena nahānaṃ otaranti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū atirekacīvaraṃ dhāressantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, atirekacīvaraṃ dhārethā’’ti ? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, atirekacīvaraṃ dhāressatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
460 任何比丘,持有多余的衣,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
nti.
当时,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
461 就在那时,具寿阿难有一件多余的衣出现了。具寿阿难想把这件衣送给具寿舍利弗。而具寿舍利弗住在萨咖答。于是,具寿阿难心想:“世尊制定了学处:‘不得持有多余的衣。’我这里有了多余的衣。我又想把这件衣送给具寿舍利弗,但具寿舍利弗住在萨咖答。我该怎么办呢?”于是,具寿阿难就把这件事禀告了世尊。世尊问:“阿难,舍利弗大概多久会来呢?”阿难答:“世尊,大概第九天或者第十天。”于是,世尊以此因缘、以此事件,作了法语的开示后,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我允许你们最多持有十天多余衣。而且,诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato ānandassa atirekacīvaraṃ uppannaṃ hoti. Āyasmā ca ānando taṃ cīvaraṃ āyasmato sāriputtassa dātukāmo hoti. Āyasmā ca sāriputto sākete viharati. Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavatā sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ – ‘na atirekacīvaraṃ dhāretabba’nti. Idañca me atirekacīvaraṃ uppannaṃ. Ahañcimaṃ cīvaraṃ āyasmato sāriputtassa dātukāmo. Āyasmā ca sāriputto sākete viharati. Kathaṃ nu kho mayā paṭipajjitabba’’nti? Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi. ‘‘Kīvaciraṃ panānanda, sāriputto āgacchissatī’’ti? ‘‘Navamaṃ vā, bhagavā, divasaṃ dasamaṃ vā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, dasāhaparamaṃ atirekacīvaraṃ dhāretuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
462 做好衣、迦絺那衣已经舍出之后,多余的衣最多可以存放十天;超过这个期限,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Niṭṭhitacīvarasmiṃ bhikkhunā ubbhatasmiṃ kathine dasāhaparamaṃ atirekacīvaraṃ dhāretabbaṃ. Taṃ atikkāmayato nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
463 若比丘无论哪里有多余的衣,或衣做好了,或丢失了,或毁坏了,或烧掉了,或[有其他]对衣的期待断绝了[的情况除外]。[2]显示巴利原文
nti bhikkhuno cīvaraṃ kataṃ vā hoti naṭṭhaṃ vā vinaṭṭhaṃ vā daḍḍhaṃ vā cīvarāsā vā upacchinnā.
它是在八种事由的某一种事由下被解除的,或者是被僧团在期间内解除的。显示巴利原文
ti aṭṭhannaṃ mātikānaṃ aññatarāya mātikāya ubbhataṃ hoti, saṅghena vā antarā ubbhataṃ hoti.
最多可以持有十日。显示巴利原文
nti dasāhaparamatā dhāretabbaṃ.
是指既没有决意,也没有净施的。显示巴利原文
nāma anadhiṭṭhitaṃ avikappitaṃ.
是指六种衣中的某一种衣,属于可以进行净施的最后一种。显示巴利原文
nāma channaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ, vikappanupagaṃ pacchimaṃ.
在第十一日明相升起时,便成为舍堕。应当舍给僧团、或者舍给一组、或者舍给个人。而且,诸比丘,应当这样舍:那位比丘要来到僧团那里,把上衣搭在一肩,顶礼上座诸比丘的双足,然后蹲坐下来,双手合十,应当这样说:'尊者,这件衣是我超过十日存留的,是属于舍堕的。我现在把这件衣舍给僧团。'舍出之后,应当忏罪。应当由一位聪明、能干的比丘接受他的罪。舍出的衣应当归还。显示巴利原文
ti ekādase aruṇuggamane nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ. Tena bhikkhunā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘idaṃ me, bhante, cīvaraṃ dasāhātikkantaṃ nissaggiyaṃ, imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmī’’ti. Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena āpatti paṭiggahetabbā. Nissaṭṭhacīvaraṃ dātabbaṃ.
464 '尊者,请僧团听我说。这是某甲比丘舍堕的衣,已经舍给了僧团。如果僧团认为时机合适,僧团就将这件衣给那位某甲比丘。'显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Idaṃ cīvaraṃ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno nissaggiyaṃ saṅghassa nissaṭṭhaṃ. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho imaṃ cīvaraṃ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dadeyyā’’ti.
465 那位比丘要来到几位比丘那里,把上衣搭在一肩,顶礼上座诸比丘的双足,然后蹲坐下来,双手合十,应当这样对他们说:'尊者们,这件衣是我超过十日存留的,是属于舍堕的。我现在把这件衣舍给诸位尊者。'舍出之后,应当忏罪。应当由一位聪明、能干的比丘接受他的罪。舍出的衣应当归还。显示巴利原文
Tena bhikkhunā sambahule bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassu vacanīyā – ‘‘idaṃ me, bhante, cīvaraṃ dasāhātikkantaṃ nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ āyasmantānaṃ nissajjāmī’’ti. Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena āpatti paṭiggahetabbā. Nissaṭṭhacīvaraṃ dātabbaṃ.
466 '请诸位尊者听我说。这是某甲比丘舍堕的衣,已经舍给了诸位尊者。如果诸位尊者认为时机合适,就请诸位尊者将这件衣给那位某甲比丘。'显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇantu me āyasmantā. Idaṃ cīvaraṃ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno nissaggiyaṃ āyasmantānaṃ nissaṭṭhaṃ. Yadāyasmantānaṃ pattakallaṃ, āyasmantā imaṃ cīvaraṃ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dadeyyu’’nti.
467 那位比丘应接近一位比丘,将上衣偏袒一肩,蹲踞而坐,合掌,对他这样说:“贤友,我这件衣超过十日,是应舍的。我把这件衣舍给具寿。”舍出之后,应发露罪过。该比丘应接受所发露的罪。应将已舍出的衣交给对方,说:“我把这件衣给具寿。”显示巴利原文
Tena bhikkhunā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘idaṃ me, āvuso, cīvaraṃ dasāhātikkantaṃ nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ āyasmato nissajjāmī’’ti. Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā. Tena bhikkhunā āpatti paṭiggahetabbā. Nissaṭṭhacīvaraṃ dātabbaṃ – ‘‘imaṃ cīvaraṃ āyasmato dammī’’ti.
468 超过十日,有超过想,犯舍堕罪。超过十日,有疑惑,犯舍堕罪。超过十日,有未超过想,犯舍堕罪。未决意,有已决意想,犯舍堕罪。未净施,有已净施想,犯舍堕罪。未舍弃,有已舍弃想,犯舍堕罪。没有丢失,有丢失想,犯舍堕罪。没有毁坏,有毁坏想,犯舍堕罪。没有烧掉,有烧掉想,犯舍堕罪。没有被抢走,有被抢走想,犯舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Dasāhātikkante atikkantasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Dasāhātikkante vematiko, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Dasāhātikkante anatikkantasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ . Anadhiṭṭhite adhiṭṭhitasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Avikappite vikappitasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Avissajjite vissajjitasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Anaṭṭhe naṭṭhasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Avinaṭṭhe vinaṭṭhasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Adaḍḍhe daḍḍhasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Avilutte viluttasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
未将应舍的衣舍出而继续使用,犯恶作罪。未超过十日,有超过想,犯恶作罪。未超过十日,有疑惑,犯恶作罪。未超过十日,有未超过想,不犯。显示巴利原文
Nissaggiyaṃ cīvaraṃ anissajjitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dasāhānatikkante atikkantasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dasāhānatikkante vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dasāhānatikkante anatikkantasaññī, anāpatti.
469 不犯的情况:十日之内作决意、作净施、舍弃、丢失、毁坏、烧掉、被人强行拿走、因信任而拿走者、精神失常者、最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti antodasāhaṃ adhiṭṭheti, vikappeti, vissajjeti, nassati, vinassati, ḍayhati, acchinditvā gaṇhanti, vissāsaṃ gaṇhanti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
470 就在那时,六群比丘不交还已舍出的衣。诸比丘将这件事报告世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,不应不交还已舍出的衣。如果不交还者,犯恶作罪。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū nissaṭṭhacīvaraṃ na denti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. ‘‘Na , bhikkhave, nissaṭṭhacīvaraṃ na dātabbaṃ. Yo na dadeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti.
2. 存放学处显示巴利原文
2. Udositasikkhāpadaṃ
471 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。在那时,诸比丘把衣存放在别的比丘那里,只穿着上衣便出发去各地游行。那些存放已久的衣生了虫蛀。诸比丘正在晒那些衣。具寿阿难在巡视住处时,看见那些比丘正在晒那些衣。看见后,他走近那些比丘;走近后,对那些比丘这样说:“贤友们,这些生了虫蛀的衣是谁的?”于是,那些比丘就把这件事告诉了具寿阿难。具寿阿难不满、批评、谴责说:“这些比丘怎么能把衣存放在别的比丘那里,只穿着上衣就出发去各地游行呢!”于是,具寿阿难以种种方式呵责了那些比丘后,将这件事报告世尊……(世尊问)“诸比丘,传闻你们确实把衣存放在别的比丘那里,只穿着上衣就出发去各地游行了吗?”“确实如此,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责……说:“诸比丘,那些愚痴的人们怎么能把衣存放在别的比丘那里,只穿着上衣就出发去各地游行呢!诸比丘,这不能让未生信者生信……那么,诸比丘,应当这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū bhikkhūnaṃ hatthe cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā santaruttarena janapadacārikaṃ pakkamanti. Tāni cīvarāni ciraṃ nikkhittāni kaṇṇakitāni honti. Tāni bhikkhū otāpenti. Addasā kho āyasmā ānando senāsanacārikaṃ āhiṇḍanto te bhikkhū tāni cīvarāni otāpente. Disvāna yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘kassimāni, āvuso, cīvarāni kaṇṇakitānī’’ti? Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmato ānandassa etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Āyasmā ānando ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhū bhikkhūnaṃ hatthe cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā santaruttarena janapadacārikaṃ pakkamissantī’’ti! Atha kho āyasmā ānando te bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū bhikkhūnaṃ hatthe cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā santaruttarena janapadacārikaṃ pakkamantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā bhikkhūnaṃ hatthe cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā santaruttarena janapadacārikaṃ pakkamissanti ! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
472 任何比丘,做好衣、迦絺那衣已经舍出后,若离开三衣中的任何一件过夜,哪怕只是一夜,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
nti.
那时,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
473 那时,有一位比丘住在憍赏弥,生了病。亲属们派信使到他那里,说:“尊者,请过来,我们会照顾您。”诸比丘也这么说:“贤友,去吧,亲属们会照顾你的。”他却这样说:“贤友们,世尊制定了学处:‘不可离三衣而宿。’我现在生病了,没办法带着三衣动身。我不去了。”诸比丘把这件事报告给了世尊。于是世尊以此因缘、以此事说法,告诉诸比丘:“诸比丘,我允许给病比丘离三衣宿的认可。而且,诸比丘,应该这样给:那位病比丘来到僧团,偏袒上衣,头面礼上座比丘的足,蹲坐下来,合掌,应当这样说:‘尊者,我生病了,没办法带着三衣动身。尊者,我向僧团请求离三衣宿的认可。’应当请求第二次。应当请求第三次。应由一位能干、有能力的比丘向僧团提议:”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu kosambiyaṃ gilāno hoti. Ñātakā tassa bhikkhuno santike dūtaṃ pāhesuṃ – ‘‘āgacchatu bhadanto, mayaṃ, upaṭṭhahissāmā’’ti. Bhikkhūpi evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘gacchāvuso , ñātakā taṃ upaṭṭhahissantī’’ti. So evamāha – ‘‘bhagavatāvuso, sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ – ‘na ticīvarena vippavasitabba’nti. Ahañcamhi gilāno. Na sakkomi ticīvaraṃ ādāya pakkamituṃ. Nāhaṃ gamissāmī’’ti . Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānassa bhikkhuno ticīvarena avippavāsasammutiṃ dātuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, dātabbā. Tena gilānena bhikkhunā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘ahaṃ, bhante, gilāno. Na sakkomi ticīvaraṃ ādāya pakkamituṃ. Sohaṃ, bhante, saṅghaṃ ticīvarena avippavāsasammutiṃ yācāmī’ti. Dutiyampi yācitabbā. Tatiyampi yācitabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
474 “请僧团听我说,尊者。这位名叫某某的比丘生病了,没办法带着三衣动身。他向僧团请求离三衣宿的认可。如果僧团时机允许,僧团应授予某某比丘离三衣宿的认可。这是动议。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu gilāno. Na sakkoti ticīvaraṃ ādāya pakkamituṃ. So saṅghaṃ ticīvarena avippavāsasammutiṃ yācati. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho itthannāmassa bhikkhuno ticīvarena avippavāsasammutiṃ dadeyya. Esā ñatti.
“请僧团听我说,尊者。这位名叫某某的比丘生病了,没办法带着三衣动身。他向僧团请求离三衣宿的认可。僧团授予某某比丘离三衣宿的认可。哪位尊者赞同授予某某比丘离三衣宿的认可,他保持默然;哪位不赞同,请他说。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu gilāno. Na sakkoti ticīvaraṃ ādāya pakkamituṃ. So saṅghaṃ ticīvarena avippavāsasammutiṃ yācati. Saṅgho itthannāmassa bhikkhuno ticīvarena avippavāsasammutiṃ deti. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno ticīvarena avippavāsasammutiyā dānaṃ, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“僧团已授予某某比丘离三衣宿的认可。僧团赞同,因此默然。我这样持记。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Dinnā saṅghena itthannāmassa bhikkhuno ticīvarena avippavāsasammuti. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
“诸比丘,你们应当这样诵这条学处:”显示巴利原文
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
475 做好衣、迦絺那衣已经舍出之后,比丘若离开三衣中的任何一件过夜,哪怕只是一夜,除非得到僧团许可,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Niṭṭhitacīvarasmiṃ bhikkhunā ubbhatasmiṃ kathine ekarattampi ce bhikkhu ticīvarena vippavaseyya, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
476 当比丘的衣已经做好、丢失、毁坏、烧掉,或衣的希望断绝时。显示巴利原文
nti bhikkhuno cīvaraṃ kataṃ vā hoti naṭṭhaṃ vā vinaṭṭhaṃ vā daḍḍhaṃ vā cīvarāsā vā upacchinnā.
是指这八种既定程序中,由某一种既定程序已被撤销,或者由僧团在期间撤销了。显示巴利原文
ti aṭṭhannaṃ mātikānaṃ aññatarāya mātikāya ubbhataṃ hoti, saṅghena vā antarā ubbhataṃ hoti.
是指僧伽帝衣,或者上衣,或者下衣。显示巴利原文
ti saṅghāṭiyā vā uttarāsaṅgena vā antaravāsakena vā.
是指除比丘许可外。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā bhikkhusammutiṃ.
在明相升起的当下,该衣即成为舍堕物。应舍给僧团,或者舍给一群人,或者舍给个人。而诸比丘,应当这样舍:……『尊者,我这件衣,除了比丘的许可外,在夜间离别而宿,成了舍堕物。我将这件衣舍给僧团。』……『应给与。』……『应给与。』……『我给与具寿。』显示巴利原文
ti saha aruṇuggamanā nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante , cīvaraṃ rattivippavutthaṃ aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā nissaggiyaṃ, imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
477 村庄,有同一界内的,也有不同界内的。宅院,有同一界内的,也有不同界内的。仓库,有同一界内的,也有不同界内的。露台,有同一界内的,也有不同界内的。楼阁,有同一界内的,也有不同界内的。殿堂,有同一界内的,也有不同界内的。长屋,有同一界内的,也有不同界内的。船,有同一界内的,也有不同界内的。商队,有同一界内的,也有不同界内的。田地,有同一界内的,也有不同界内的。打谷场,有同一界内的,也有不同界内的。园林,有同一界内的,也有不同界内的。寺院,有同一界内的,也有不同界内的。树下,有同一界内的,也有不同界内的。露天处,有同一界内的,也有不同界内的。显示巴利原文
Gāmo ekūpacāro nānūpacāro. Nivesanaṃ ekūpacāraṃ nānūpacāraṃ. Udosito ekūpacāro nānūpacāro. Aṭṭo ekūpacāro nānūpacāro. Māḷo ekūpacāro nānūpacāro. Pāsādo ekūpacāro nānūpacāro. Hammiyaṃ ekūpacāraṃ nānūpacāraṃ. Nāvā ekūpacārā nānūpacārā. Sattho ekūpacāro nānūpacāro. Khettaṃ ekūpacāraṃ nānūpacāraṃ. Dhaññakaraṇaṃ ekūpacāraṃ nānūpacāraṃ. Ārāmo ekūpacāro nānūpacāro. Vihāro ekūpacāro nānūpacāro. Rukkhamūlaṃ ekūpacāraṃ nānūpacāraṃ. Ajjhokāso ekūpacāro nānūpacāro.
478 如果是一个单一家庭的村庄,且有围墙。把衣存放在村内后,就应住在村内。如果没有围墙,衣存放在哪间屋子里,就应住在那间屋子里,或者不可离开触手可及的范围。显示巴利原文
nāma ekakulassa gāmo hoti parikkhitto ca . Antogāme cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antogāme vatthabbaṃ. Aparikkhitto hoti, yasmiṃ ghare cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti tasmiṃ ghare vatthabbaṃ, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ.
479 如果是一个多个家庭的村庄,且有围墙。衣存放在哪间屋子里,就应住在那间屋子里,或者住在会堂里,或者住在门廊处,或者不可离开触手可及的范围。去会堂时,要把衣存放在触手可及的范围内,然后应住在会堂里,或者门廊处,或者不可离开触手可及的范围。把衣存放在会堂里后,应住在会堂里,或者门廊处,或者不可离开触手可及的范围。如果没有围墙,衣存放在哪间屋子里,就应住在那间屋子里,或者不可离开触手可及的范围。显示巴利原文
Nānākulassa gāmo hoti parikkhitto ca. Yasmiṃ ghare cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti tasmiṃ ghare vatthabbaṃ sabhāye vā dvāramūle vā, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ. Sabhāyaṃ gacchantena hatthapāse cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā sabhāye vā vatthabbaṃ dvāramūle vā, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ. Sabhāye cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā sabhāye vā vatthabbaṃ dvāramūle vā, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ. Aparikkhitto hoti, yasmiṃ ghare cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti tasmiṃ ghare vatthabbaṃ, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ.
480 如果是一个单一家庭的宅院,且有围墙,但有多间寝室、多个内室。把衣存放在宅院内后,就应住在宅院内。如果没有围墙,衣存放在哪间寝室里,就应住在那间寝室里,或者不可离开触手可及的范围。显示巴利原文
Ekakulassa nivesanaṃ hoti parikkhittañca, nānāgabbhā nānāovarakā. Antonivesane cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antonivesane vatthabbaṃ. Aparikkhittaṃ hoti, yasmiṃ gabbhe cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti tasmiṃ gabbhe vatthabbaṃ, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ.
481 属于多个家庭、有围墙的房舍,有不同的内室、不同的房间。衣放在哪间内室,就应住在那间内室,或住在门口,不应离开手可及的范围。房舍没有围墙,衣放在哪间内室,就应住在那间内室,不应离开手可及的范围。显示巴利原文
Nānākulassa nivesanaṃ hoti parikkhittañca, nānāgabbhā nānāovarakā. Yasmiṃ gabbhe cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti tasmiṃ gabbhe vatthabbaṃ dvāramūle vā, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ . Aparikkhittaṃ hoti, yasmiṃ gabbhe cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti tasmiṃ gabbhe vatthabbaṃ, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ.
482 属于单一家庭、有围墙的小屋,有不同的内室、不同的房间。把衣放在小屋里面之后,应住在小屋里面。小屋没有围墙,衣放在哪间内室,就应住在那间内室,不应离开手可及的范围。显示巴利原文
Ekakulassa udosito hoti parikkhitto ca, nānāgabbhā nānāovarakā . Antoudosite cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antoudosite vatthabbaṃ. Aparikkhitto hoti, yasmiṃ gabbhe cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti tasmiṃ gabbhe vatthabbaṃ, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ.
483 属于多个家庭、有围墙的小屋,有不同的内室、不同的房间。衣放在哪间内室,就应住在那间内室,或住在门口,不应离开手可及的范围。小屋没有围墙,衣放在哪间内室,就应住在那间内室,不应离开手可及的范围。显示巴利原文
Nānākulassa udosito hoti parikkhitto ca, nānāgabbhā nānāovarakā. Yasmiṃ gabbhe cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti tasmiṃ gabbhe vatthabbaṃ dvāramūle vā, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ. Aparikkhitto hoti, yasmiṃ gabbhe cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti tasmiṃ gabbhe vatthabbaṃ, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ.
484 属于单一家庭的楼阁,把衣放在楼阁里面之后,应住在楼阁里面。属于多个家庭的楼阁,有不同的内室、不同的房间。衣放在哪间内室,就应住在那间内室,或住在门口,不应离开手可及的范围。显示巴利原文
Ekakulassa aṭṭo hoti, antoaṭṭe cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antoaṭṭe vatthabbaṃ. Nānākulassa aṭṭo hoti, nānāgabbhā nānāovarakā. Yasmiṃ gabbhe cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti tasmiṃ gabbhe vatthabbaṃ dvāramūle vā, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ.
485 属于单一家庭的殿堂,把衣放在殿堂里面之后,应住在殿堂里面。属于多个家庭的殿堂,有不同的内室、不同的房间,衣放在哪间内室,就应住在那间内室,或住在门口,不应离开手可及的范围。显示巴利原文
Ekakulassa māḷo hoti, antomāḷe cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antomāḷe vatthabbaṃ. Nānākulassa māḷo hoti nānāgabbhā nānāovarakā, yasmiṃ gabbhe cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti tasmiṃ gabbhe vatthabbaṃ dvāramūle vā, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ.
486 属于单一家庭的宫殿,把衣放在宫殿里面之后,应住在宫殿里面。属于多个家庭的宫殿,有不同的内室、不同的房间。衣放在哪间内室,就应住在那间内室,或住在门口,不应离开手可及的范围。显示巴利原文
Ekakulassa pāsādo hoti, antopāsāde cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antopāsāde vatthabbaṃ. Nānākulassa pāsādo hoti, nānāgabbhā nānāovarakā. Yasmiṃ gabbhe cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti tasmiṃ gabbhe vatthabbaṃ dvāramūle vā, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ.
487 属于单一家庭的平顶屋,把衣放在平顶屋里面之后,应住在平顶屋里面。属于多个家庭的平顶屋,有不同的内室、不同的房间。衣放在哪间内室,就应住在那间内室,或住在门口,不应离开手可及的范围。显示巴利原文
Ekakulassa hammiyaṃ hoti. Antohammiye cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antohammiye vatthabbaṃ. Nānākulassa hammiyaṃ hoti, nānāgabbhā nānāovarakā. Yasmiṃ gabbhe cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti tasmiṃ gabbhe vatthabbaṃ dvāramūle vā, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ.
488 属于单一家庭的船,把衣放在船里面之后,应住在船里面。属于多个家庭的船,有不同的内室、不同的房间。衣放在哪间房间,就应住在那间房间,不应离开手可及的范围。显示巴利原文
Ekakulassa nāvā hoti. Antonāvāya cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antonāvāya vatthabbaṃ . Nānākulassa nāvā hoti nānāgabbhā nānāovarakā. Yasmiṃ ovarake cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti tasmiṃ ovarake vatthabbaṃ, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ.
489 如果房子只有一个主人,把衣放在这房子里后,比丘可以在房子的前方或后方不超过七腕尺的范围内,但不可以跑到看不见衣的距离之外去。如果房子有几个不同的主人,把衣放在房子里后,比丘不可以离开伸手可及的距离。显示巴利原文
Ekakulassa sattho hoti. Satthe cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā purato vā pacchato vā sattabbhantarā na vijahitabbā, passato abbhantaraṃ na vijahitabbaṃ. Nānākulassa sattho hoti, satthe cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā hatthapāsā na vijahitabbaṃ.
490 如果田地只有一个主人,而且有围墙,把衣放在田地范围内后,就应当在田地范围内住。如果没有围墙,不可以离开伸手可及的距离。如果田地有几个不同的主人,而且有围墙,把衣放在田地范围内后,可以在门边住,或者不可以离开伸手可及的距离。如果没有围墙,不可以离开伸手可及的距离。显示巴利原文
Ekakulassa khettaṃ hoti parikkhittañca. Antokhette cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antokhette vatthabbaṃ. Aparikkhittaṃ hoti, hatthapāsā na vijahitabbaṃ. Nānākulassa khettaṃ hoti parikkhittañca. Antokhette cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā dvāramūle vā vatthabbaṃ, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ. Aparikkhittaṃ hoti, hatthapāsā na vijahitabbaṃ.
491 如果打谷场只有一个主人,而且有围墙,把衣放在打谷场范围内后,就应当在打谷场范围内住。如果没有围墙,不可以离开伸手可及的距离。如果打谷场有几个不同的主人,而且有围墙,把衣放在打谷场范围内后,可以在门边住,或者不可以离开伸手可及的距离。如果没有围墙,不可以离开伸手可及的距离。显示巴利原文
Ekakulassa dhaññakaraṇaṃ hoti parikkhittañca. Antodhaññakaraṇe cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antodhaññakaraṇe vatthabbaṃ. Aparikkhittaṃ hoti, hatthapāsā na vijahitabbaṃ. Nānākulassa dhaññakaraṇaṃ hoti parikkhittañca. Antodhaññakaraṇe cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā dvāramūle vā vatthabbaṃ, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ. Aparikkhittaṃ hoti, hatthapāsā na vijahitabbaṃ.
492 如果园子只有一个主人,而且有围墙,把衣放在园子范围内后,就应当在园子范围内住。如果没有围墙,不可以离开伸手可及的距离。如果园子有几个不同的主人,而且有围墙,把衣放在园子范围内后,可以在门边住,或者不可以离开伸手可及的距离。如果没有围墙,不可以离开伸手可及的距离。显示巴利原文
Ekakulassa ārāmo hoti parikkhitto ca. Antoārāme cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antoārāme vatthabbaṃ. Aparikkhitto hoti, hatthapāsā na vijahitabbaṃ. Nānākulassa ārāmo hoti parikkhitto ca. Antoārāme cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā dvāramūle vā vatthabbaṃ, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ. Aparikkhitto hoti, hatthapāsā na vijahitabbaṃ.
493 如果精舍只有一个主人,而且有围墙,把衣放在精舍范围内后,就应当在精舍范围内住。如果没有围墙,在哪间屋子里放了衣,就应当在那间屋子里住,或者不可以离开伸手可及的距离。如果精舍有几个不同的主人,而且有围墙,在哪间屋子里放了衣,就应当在那间屋子里或者门边住,或者不可以离开伸手可及的距离。如果没有围墙,在哪间屋子里放了衣,就应当在那间屋子里住,或者不可以离开伸手可及的距离。显示巴利原文
Ekakulassa vihāro hoti parikkhitto ca. Antovihāre cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antovihāre vatthabbaṃ. Aparikkhitto hoti, yasmiṃ vihāre cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti tasmiṃ vihāre vatthabbaṃ, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ. Nānākulassa vihāro hoti parikkhitto ca. Yasmiṃ vihāre cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti tasmiṃ vihāre vatthabbaṃ dvāramūle vā, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ. Aparikkhitto hoti , yasmiṃ vihāre cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ hoti tasmiṃ vihāre vatthabbaṃ, hatthapāsā vā na vijahitabbaṃ.
494 如果树下只有一个主人,而且那棵树在正午时分四面都能覆盖到树荫,把衣放在树荫范围内后,就应当在树荫范围内住。如果树下有几个不同的主人,不可以离开伸手可及的距离。显示巴利原文
Ekakulassa rukkhamūlaṃ hoti, yaṃ majjhanhike kāle samantā chāyā pharati, antochāyāya cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā antochāyāya vatthabbaṃ. Nānākulassa rukkhamūlaṃ hoti, hatthapāsā na vijahitabbaṃ.
露天处如果属于同一个界区,就是在没有村庄的旷野中,方圆七腕尺以内算同一个界区,超过这个范围就算不同的界区。显示巴利原文
Ajjhokāso ekūpacāro nāma agāmake araññe samantā sattabbhantarā ekūpacāro, tato paraṃ nānūpacāro.
495 在离衣而宿的情况下,知道自己离衣而宿,却未得到诸比丘的同意,犯舍堕罪。在离衣而宿的情况下,对此有疑惑,却未得到诸比丘的同意,犯舍堕罪。在离衣而宿的情况下,以为自己没有离衣而宿,却未得到诸比丘的同意,犯舍堕罪。在衣没有被取消决意的情况下,以为已经取消了决意……在衣没有被施出的情况下,以为已经施出了……在衣没有丢失的情况下,以为已经丢失了……在衣没有被毁坏的情况下,以为已经被毁坏了……在衣没有被烧掉的情况下,以为已经被烧掉了……在衣没有被抢走的情况下,以为已经被抢走了,却未得到诸比丘的同意,都犯舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Vippavutthe vippavutthasaññī aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Vippavutthe vematiko, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Vippavutthe avippavutthasaññī, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Appaccuddhaṭe paccuddhaṭasaññī…pe… avissajjite vissajjitasaññī… anaṭṭhe naṭṭhasaññī… avinaṭṭhe vinaṭṭhasaññī… adaḍḍhe daḍḍhasaññī…pe… avilutte viluttasaññī, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
对应舍出的衣,不先舍出就使用的,犯恶作罪。在没有离衣而宿的情况下,却以为离衣而宿的,犯恶作罪。在没有离衣而宿的情况下,心有疑惑的,犯恶作罪。在没有离衣而宿的情况下,知道没有离衣而宿的,无罪。显示巴利原文
Nissaggiyaṃ cīvaraṃ anissajjitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa . Avippavutthe vippavutthasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Avippavutthe vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Avippavutthe avippavutthasaññī, anāpatti.
496 无罪的情况有:在明相出现前收回、送人、丢失、毁坏、被烧、被抢走、被信赖的人拿走、通过比丘的认可而处理、精神失常者、最初的犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti antoaruṇe paccuddharati, vissajjeti, nassati, vinassati, ḍayhati, acchinditvā gaṇhanti, vissāsaṃ gaṇhanti, bhikkhusammutiyā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
3. 迦絺那学处显示巴利原文
3. Tatiyakathinasikkhāpadaṃ
497 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。当时,有一位比丘得到了一件非时衣。他在制作这件衣时,布料不够。于是,那位比丘把衣撑开,反复揉搓。世尊巡视住处时,看见了那位比丘把衣撑开反复揉搓。看到后,世尊走到那位比丘那里,对他说:“比丘,你为何把衣撑开反复揉搓呢?”“尊者,我得了这件非时衣,制作时布料不够,所以我把衣撑开反复揉搓。”“比丘,你对衣的来临有希望吗?”“有的,世尊。”于是,世尊以这个因缘、这个事件作了法语开示后,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我允许接受非时衣后,把衣存着等待衣的来临。”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno akālacīvaraṃ uppannaṃ hoti. Tassa taṃ cīvaraṃ kayiramānaṃ nappahoti. Atha kho so bhikkhu taṃ cīvaraṃ ussāpetvā punappunaṃ vimajjati. Addasā kho bhagavā senāsanacārikaṃ āhiṇḍanto taṃ bhikkhuṃ taṃ cīvaraṃ ussāpetvā punappunaṃ vimajjantaṃ. Disvāna yena so bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kissa tvaṃ, bhikkhu, imaṃ cīvaraṃ ussāpetvā punappunaṃ vimajjasī’’ti? ‘‘Idaṃ me, bhante, akālacīvaraṃ uppannaṃ. Kayiramānaṃ nappahoti. Tenāhaṃ imaṃ cīvaraṃ ussāpetvā punappunaṃ vimajjāmī’’ti. ‘‘Atthi pana te, bhikkhu, cīvarapaccāsā’’ti? ‘‘Atthi, bhagavā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā, bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, akālacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā cīvarapaccāsā nikkhipitu’’nti.
498 那时,诸比丘心想:“世尊已允许接受非时衣后,存着等待衣的来临。”于是,他们接受非时衣后,存放超过了一个月。那些衣打成捆,挂在衣架上。具寿阿难巡视住处时,看见那些衣打成捆挂在衣架上。他对诸比丘说:“道友们,这些打成捆挂在衣架上的衣是谁的?”“道友,是我们接受的非时衣,存放着等衣的到来。”“道友们,这些衣已经存放多久了?”“超过一个月了,道友。”具寿阿难对此不满、批评、指责说:“这些比丘怎么可以接受非时衣后存放超过一个月呢!”接着,具寿阿难以种种方式呵责了那些比丘后,将这件事报告了世尊……(省略重复)“诸比丘,据说你们真的接受非时衣后存放超过一个月吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责……“诸比丘,你们这些愚痴人,怎么可以接受非时衣后存放超过一个月呢!诸比丘,这不能令未生信者生信……那么,诸比丘,应当这样诵此学处:显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū – ‘‘bhagavatā anuññātaṃ akālacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā cīvarapaccāsā nikkhipitu’’nti akālacīvarāni paṭiggahetvā atirekamāsaṃ nikkhipanti. Tāni cīvarāni cīvaravaṃse bhaṇḍikābaddhāni tiṭṭhanti. Addasā kho āyasmā ānando senāsanacārikaṃ āhiṇḍanto tāni cīvarāni cīvaravaṃse bhaṇḍikābaddhāni tiṭṭhante. Disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘kassimāni, āvuso, cīvarāni cīvaravaṃse bhaṇḍikābaddhāni tiṭṭhantī’’ti? ‘‘Amhākaṃ, āvuso, akālacīvarāni cīvarapaccāsā nikkhittānī’’ti. ‘‘Kīvaciraṃ panāvuso, imāni cīvarāni nikkhittānī’’ti? ‘‘Atirekamāsaṃ, āvuso’’ti. Āyasmā ānando ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhū akālacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā atirekamāsaṃ nikkhipissantī’’ti! Atha kho āyasmā ānando te bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū akālacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā atirekamāsaṃ nikkhipantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā akālacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā atirekamāsaṃ nikkhipissanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
499 做好衣、迦絺那衣已经舍出之后,比丘若得到非时衣,愿意的话可以接受;接受后应尽快做成衣。如果布料不够,为了凑齐缺的部分、还有指望补足时,最多可存放一个月。如果超过一个月还存放,即便有指望补足,也犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Niṭṭhitacīvarasmiṃbhikkhunā ubbhatasmiṃ kathine bhikkhuno paneva akālacīvaraṃ uppajjeyya, ākaṅkhamānena bhikkhunā paṭiggahetabbaṃ. Paṭiggahetvā khippameva kāretabbaṃ. Nocassa pāripūri, māsaparamaṃ tena bhikkhunā taṃ cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ ūnassa pāripūriyā satiyā paccāsāya. Tato ce uttari uttariṃ (sī. syā.) nikkhipeyya, satiyāpi paccāsāya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
500 比丘的衣若已做好,或丢失,或毁坏,或烧毁,或对衣的来临希望已断绝,则无罪。显示巴利原文
nti bhikkhuno cīvaraṃ kataṃ vā hoti naṭṭhaṃ vā vinaṭṭhaṃ vā daḍḍhaṃ vā cīvarāsā vā upacchinnā.
或因八种母论中任何一种母论所说而宣布作罢,或被僧团中途宣布作罢,则无罪。”显示巴利原文
ti aṭṭhannaṃ mātikānaṃ aññatarāya mātikāya ubbhataṃ hoti, saṅghena vā antarā ubbhataṃ hoti.
当迦絺那衣未敷展时,是在十一个月内产生的;当迦絺那衣已敷展时,是在七个月内产生的;还有在适宜的时候为特定目的而给的——这称为非时衣。显示巴利原文
nāma anatthate kathine ekādasamāse uppannaṃ, atthate kathine sattamāse uppannaṃ, kālepi ādissa dinnaṃ, etaṃ akālacīvaraṃ nāma.
它可能从僧团、团体、亲戚、朋友、垃圾堆,或者用自己的财物而产生。显示巴利原文
ti uppajjeyya saṅghato vā gaṇato vā ñātito vā mittato vā paṃsukūlaṃ vā attano vā dhanena.
如果愿意,应当接受。显示巴利原文
ti icchamānena paṭiggahetabbaṃ.
应当用十天的时间来完成。显示巴利原文
nti dasāhā kāretabbaṃ.
正在制作,却无法完成。显示巴利原文
ti kayiramānaṃ nappahoti.
最多可以存放一个月。显示巴利原文
nti māsaparamatā nikkhipitabbaṃ.
是为了补足不足的部分。显示巴利原文
ti ūnassa pāripūratthāya.
有期待可以从僧团、团体、亲戚、朋友、垃圾堆,或者用自己的财物得到。显示巴利原文
ti paccāsā hoti saṅghato vā gaṇato vā ñātito vā mittato vā paṃsukūlaṃ vā attano vā dhanena.
在那一天,当基本衣(母衣)出现时,一件在非时得到允许的衣(余衣)产生了,它可以在十天内被处理。当基本衣出现两天后,一件非时允许的衣产生了,它可以在十天内被处理。当基本衣出现三天后……出现四天后……出现五天后……出现六天后……出现七天后……出现八天后……出现九天后……出现十天后,一件非时允许的衣产生了,它可以在十天内被处理。当基本衣出现十一天后……出现十二天后……出现十三天后……出现十四天后……出现十五天后……出现十六天后……出现十七天后……出现十八天后……出现十九天后……出现二十天后,一件非时允许的衣产生了,它可以在十天内被处理。当基本衣出现二十一天后,一件非时允许的衣产生了,它可以在九天内被处理。出现二十二天后……出现二十三天后……出现二十四天后……出现二十五天后……出现二十六天后……出现二十七天后……出现二十八天后……出现二十九天后,一件非时允许的衣产生了,它可以在一天内被处理。当基本衣出现三十天后,一件非时允许的衣产生了,它必须在当天就决意、净施或舍弃。如果不决意、不净施或不舍弃,在第三十一天的明相升起时,就构成舍堕罪。应该将它舍给僧团、或舍给一群比丘、或舍给一位比丘。而且,诸比丘,应该这样舍:……'尊者,我这件过了期限的非时衣,是应舍的。我把它舍给僧团。'……(僧团)应该给……'应该给'……'我给具寿。'显示巴利原文
ti tadahuppanne mūlacīvare paccāsācīvaraṃ uppajjati, dasāhā kāretabbaṃ. Dvīhuppanne mūlacīvare paccāsācīvaraṃ uppajjati, dasāhā kāretabbaṃ. Tīhuppanne mūlacīvare…pe… catūhuppanne… pañcāhuppanne… chāhuppanne… sattāhuppanne… aṭṭhāhuppanne … navāhuppanne… dasāhuppanne mūlacīvare paccāsācīvaraṃ uppajjati, dasāhā kāretabbaṃ . Ekādase uppanne…pe… dvādase uppanne… terase uppanne… cuddase uppanne… pannarase uppanne… soḷase uppanne… sattarase uppanne… aṭṭhārase uppanne… ekūnavīse uppanne… vīse uppanne mūlacīvare paccāsācīvaraṃ uppajjati, dasāhā kāretabbaṃ. Ekavīse uppanne mūlacīvare paccāsācīvaraṃ uppajjati, navāhā kāretabbaṃ. Dvāvīse uppanne…pe… tevīse uppanne… catuvīse uppanne… pañcavīse uppanne… chabbīse uppanne… sattavīse uppanne… aṭṭhavīse uppanne… ekūnatiṃse uppanne mūlacīvare paccāsācīvaraṃ uppajjati, ekāhaṃ kāretabbaṃ… tiṃse uppanne mūlacīvare paccāsācīvaraṃ uppajjati , tadaheva adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ vikappetabbaṃ vissajjetabbaṃ. No ce adhiṭṭheyya vā vikappeyya vā vissajjeyya vā, ekatiṃse aruṇuggamane nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, akālacīvaraṃ māsātikkantaṃ nissaggiyaṃ, imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
在不相应(尺寸不合)的基本衣出现时,一件非时允许的衣产生了,而且剩余的夜晚还有若干,则不应勉强去处理(做成)。显示巴利原文
Visabhāge uppanne mūlacīvare paccāsācīvaraṃ uppajjati, rattiyo ca sesā honti, na akāmā kāretabbaṃ.
501 超过了一个月的时限,而有超过时限想,犯舍堕罪。超过一个月时限,心有疑惑,犯舍堕罪。超过一个月时限,而有未超过时限想,犯舍堕罪。对未决意的衣,有已决意想……对未净施的衣,有已净施想……对未舍弃的衣,有已舍弃想……对未丢失的衣,有已丢失想……对未毁坏的衣,有已毁坏想……对未烧的衣,有已烧想……对未被抢的衣,有被抢想,犯舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Māsātikkante atikkantasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Māsātikkante vematiko nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Māsātikkante anatikkantasaññī nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Anadhiṭṭhite adhiṭṭhitasaññī…pe… avikappite vikappitasaññī… avissajjite vissajjitasaññī… anaṭṭhe naṭṭhasaññī… avinaṭṭhe vinaṭṭhasaññī… adaḍḍhe daḍḍhasaññī… avilutte viluttasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
不舍出应舍的衣而使用,犯恶作罪。未超过一个月时限,有超过想,犯恶作罪。未超过一个月时限,心有疑惑,犯恶作罪。未超过一个月时限,而有未超过想,不犯。显示巴利原文
Nissaggiyaṃ cīvaraṃ anissajjitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Māsānatikkante atikkantasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Māsānatikkante vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Māsānatikkante anatikkantasaññī, anāpatti.
502 不犯的情况有:在期限内决意、净施、舍弃;衣丢失、毁坏、被烧、被强行拿走、因信任而拿走;精神失常者、最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti antomāse adhiṭṭheti, vikappeti, vissajjeti, nassati , vinassati, ḍayhati, acchinditvā gaṇhanti, vissāsaṃ gaṇhanti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
4. 旧衣学处显示巴利原文
4. Purāṇacīvarasikkhāpadaṃ
503 那时,世尊佛陀住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,具寿优陀夷的前妻在比丘尼众中出家了。她频繁地来具寿优陀夷跟前。具寿优陀夷也频繁地去那位比丘尼跟前。那时,具寿优陀夷在那位比丘尼跟前安排饭食分配。然后,具寿优陀夷在午前时分,穿好下衣,拿着钵和外衣,前往那位比丘尼那里;到了之后,在那位比丘尼面前,他露出自己的男根,然后坐在座位上。那位比丘尼也在具寿优陀夷面前露出自己的女根,然后坐在座位上。当时,具寿优陀夷心生染着,凑近凝视那位比丘尼的女根。他的精液流了出来。于是,具寿优陀夷对那位比丘尼说:'姐妹,去拿水来,我要洗下衣。'她说:'拿来吧,我来洗。'她用口接住了一部分精液,又把一部分放入了自己的女根。她因此怀了孕。比丘尼们这样说:'这个比丘尼不是梵行者,她怀孕了。'她对尼众说:'尊者们,我不是非梵行者。'比丘尼们讥嫌、批评、到处指责说:'具寿优陀夷怎么能让比丘尼洗他的旧衣呢!'于是,那些比丘尼把这件事告诉了诸比丘。那些少欲的诸比丘……讥嫌、批评、指责说:'具寿优陀夷怎么能让比丘尼洗他的旧衣呢!'然后,那些比丘以种种方式呵责具寿优陀夷后,把这件事报告了世尊……世尊问:'优陀夷,你真的让比丘尼洗了旧衣吗?'他答:'是真的,世尊。'世尊问:'她是你的亲属,还是非亲属?'答:'非亲属,世尊。'世尊说:'愚蠢的人,对于非亲属的女人,一个非亲属者不知道什么是合适、什么是不合适,什么是端庄、什么是不端庄。你竟然让非亲属的比丘尼洗旧衣!这不能令未生信者生信……诸比丘,应这样诵此学处——'显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato udāyissa purāṇadutiyikā bhikkhunīsu pabbajitā hoti. Sā āyasmato udāyissa santike abhikkhaṇaṃ āgacchati. Āyasmāpi udāyī tassā bhikkhuniyā santike abhikkhaṇaṃ gacchati. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā udāyī tassā bhikkhuniyā santike bhattavissaggaṃ karoti. Atha kho āyasmā udāyī pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena sā bhikkhunī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tassā bhikkhuniyā purato aṅgajātaṃ vivaritvā āsane nisīdi. Sāpi kho bhikkhunī āyasmato udāyissa purato aṅgajātaṃ vivaritvā āsane nisīdi. Atha kho āyasmā udāyī sāratto tassā bhikkhuniyā aṅgajātaṃ upanijjhāyi. Tassa asuci mucci. Atha kho āyasmā udāyī taṃ bhikkhuniṃ etadavoca – ‘‘gaccha, bhagini, udakaṃ āhara, antaravāsakaṃ dhovissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Āharayya , ahameva dhovissāmī’’ti taṃ asuciṃ ekadesaṃ mukhena aggahesi ekadesaṃ aṅgajāte pakkhipi. Sā tena gabbhaṃ gaṇhi. Bhikkhuniyo evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘abrahmacārinī ayaṃ bhikkhunī, gabbhinī’’ti. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, ayye, abrahmacārinī’’ti bhikkhunīnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Bhikkhuniyo ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma ayyo udāyī bhikkhuniyā purāṇacīvaraṃ dhovāpessatī’’ti! Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā udāyī bhikkhuniyā purāṇacīvaraṃ dhovāpessatī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, udāyi, bhikkhuniyā purāṇacīvaraṃ dhovāpesī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Ñātikā te, udāyi, aññātikā’’ti? ‘‘Aññātikā, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Aññātako, moghapurisa, aññātikāya na jānāti patirūpaṃ vā appatirūpaṃ vā pāsādikaṃ vā apāsādikaṃ vā. Tattha nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā purāṇacīvaraṃ dhovāpessasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
504 任何比丘,让非亲属的比丘尼洗、染或捶打自己的旧衣,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Yopana bhikkhu aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā purāṇacīvaraṃ dhovāpeyya vā rajāpeyya vā ākoṭāpeyya vā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
505 那种……那种……这个人在这个意义上被叫做'比丘'。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓(非亲属),是指从母系或父系追溯,一直到七代祖先之间,没有关联的。显示巴利原文
nāma mātito vā pitito vā yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā asambaddhā.
所谓(比丘尼),是在两众僧团中都受了具足戒的。显示巴利原文
nāma ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā.
所谓(旧衣),是哪怕穿过一次,也哪怕披过一回的。显示巴利原文
nāma sakiṃ nivatthampi sakiṃ pārutampi.
他吩咐说'洗吧',犯恶作罪。洗好了,那件衣就成了应舍的。他吩咐说'染吧',犯恶作罪。染好了,那件衣就成了应舍的。他吩咐说'捶打吧',犯恶作罪。打了一下手掌或捶了一下棒槌,那件衣就成了应舍的。这件衣应当舍给僧团,或者舍给一个小组,或者舍给一位比丘。诸位比丘,应当这样舍:……'尊者,这件是我的旧衣,我让非亲里的比丘尼洗过了,这衣是应舍的。我这就把它舍给僧团'……'给吧'……'给吧'……'我交给具寿了'。显示巴利原文
Dhovāti āṇāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dhotaṃ nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Rajāti āṇāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Rattaṃ nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Ākoṭehīti āṇāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Sakiṃ pāṇippahāraṃ vā muggarappahāraṃ vā dinne nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, purāṇacīvaraṃ aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā dhovāpitaṃ nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
506 让非亲里的比丘尼洗旧衣,而他以为她是非亲里的,犯舍堕罪。让非亲里的比丘尼洗旧衣又染衣,在舍堕罪的基础上,又犯一个恶作罪。让非亲里的比丘尼洗旧衣又捶打,在舍堕罪的基础上,又犯一个恶作罪。让非亲里的比丘尼洗旧衣又染衣又捶打,在舍堕罪的基础上,又犯两个恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī purāṇacīvaraṃ dhovāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī purāṇacīvaraṃ dhovāpeti rajāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī purāṇacīvaraṃ dhovāpeti ākoṭāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī purāṇacīvaraṃ dhovāpeti rajāpeti ākoṭāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dvinnaṃ dukkaṭānaṃ.
让非亲里的比丘尼染旧衣,而他以为她是非亲里的,犯舍堕罪。让非亲里的比丘尼染旧衣又捶打,在舍堕罪的基础上,又犯一个恶作罪。让非亲里的比丘尼染旧衣又洗衣,在舍堕罪的基础上,又犯一个恶作罪。让非亲里的比丘尼染旧衣又捶打又洗衣,在舍堕罪的基础上,又犯两个恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī purāṇacīvaraṃ rajāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī purāṇacīvaraṃ rajāpeti ākoṭāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī purāṇacīvaraṃ rajāpeti dhovāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī purāṇacīvaraṃ rajāpeti ākoṭāpeti dhovāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dvinnaṃ dukkaṭānaṃ.
让非亲里的比丘尼捶打旧衣,而他以为她是非亲里的,犯舍堕罪。让非亲里的比丘尼捶打旧衣又洗衣,在舍堕罪的基础上,又犯一个恶作罪。让非亲里的比丘尼捶打旧衣又染衣,在舍堕罪的基础上,又犯一个恶作罪。让非亲里的比丘尼捶打旧衣又洗衣又染衣,在舍堕罪的基础上,又犯两个恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī purāṇacīvaraṃ ākoṭāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī purāṇacīvaraṃ ākoṭāpeti dhovāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī purāṇacīvaraṃ ākoṭāpeti rajāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī purāṇacīvaraṃ ākoṭāpeti dhovāpeti rajāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dvinnaṃ dukkaṭānaṃ.
对非亲属有疑虑……(省略)……对非亲属却以为是亲属……(省略)……让清洗他人的旧衣,犯恶作。让清洗坐垫,犯恶作。让仅受一部具足戒者清洗,犯恶作。对亲属却以为是非亲属,犯恶作。对亲属有疑虑,犯恶作。对亲属确知是亲属,不犯。显示巴利原文
Aññātikāya vematiko…pe… aññātikāya ñātikasaññī…pe… aññassa purāṇacīvaraṃ dhovāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ dhovāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ekatoupasampannāya dhovāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātikāya aññātikasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa . Ñātikāya vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātikāya ñātikasaññī, anāpatti.
507 不犯的情况:亲属在洗,而非亲属只是帮手;没吩咐,她主动洗;让洗还没用过的衣物;除了衣以外,让洗其他资具;对在学尼、沙马内莉;以及精神失常者、最初的犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ñātikāya dhovantiyā aññātikā dutiyā hoti, avuttā dhovati, aparibhuttaṃ dhovāpeti, cīvaraṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ parikkhāraṃ dhovāpeti, sikkhamānāya, sāmaṇeriyā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
5. 接受衣学处显示巴利原文
5. Cīvarapaṭiggahaṇasikkhāpadaṃ
508 那时,佛陀世尊住在王舍城竹林迦兰陀迦园。当时,莲华色比丘尼住在舍卫城。那时,莲华色比丘尼在午前时分,穿好下衣,持钵与衣,进入舍卫城乞食。在舍卫城乞食后,饭后从乞食处返回,前往盲林准备日间休息。进入盲林后,她在一棵树下坐下开始日间休息。那时,有一群刚作完案的盗贼,杀了一头母牛,拿着肉进入了盲林。盗贼首领看见莲华色比丘尼正坐在一棵树下日间休息。看见后,他心想:‘要是我的子侄兄弟们看见她,肯定会骚扰这位比丘尼。’于是便改走另一条路。随后,那盗贼首领在肉煮熟后,取了一些最好的肉,用树叶包好,挂在离莲华色比丘尼不远处的一棵树上,说道:‘无论是哪位沙门或婆罗门看见了,请把这已经施与的东西取走吧!’说完就走了。莲华色比丘尼出定后,听到了那盗贼首领所说的这番话。于是,莲华色比丘尼拿起那块肉,回到了自己的住处。次日夜里过后,莲华色比丘尼把那块肉准备好,用上衣包成一个小包,腾空而起,来到了竹林。显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena uppalavaṇṇā bhikkhunī sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Atha kho uppalavaṇṇā bhikkhunī pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātappaṭikkantā yena andhavanaṃ tenupasaṅkami divāvihārāya. Andhavanaṃ ajjhogāhetvā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi. Tena kho pana samayena corā katakammā gāviṃ vadhitvā maṃsaṃ gahetvā andhavanaṃ pavisiṃsu. Addasā kho coragāmaṇiko uppalavaṇṇaṃ bhikkhuniṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisinnaṃ. Disvānassa etadahosi – ‘‘sace me puttabhātukā passissanti viheṭhissanti imaṃ bhikkhuni’’nti aññena maggena agamāsi. Atha kho so coragāmaṇiko maṃse pakke varamaṃsāni gahetvā paṇṇapuṭaṃ bandhitvā uppalavaṇṇāya bhikkhuniyā avidūre rukkhe ālaggetvā – ‘‘yo passati samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā dinnaṃyeva haratū’’ti, vatvā pakkāmi. Assosi kho uppalavaṇṇā bhikkhunī samādhimhā vuṭṭhahitvā tassa coragāmaṇikassa imaṃ vācaṃ bhāsamānassa. Atha kho uppalavaṇṇā bhikkhunī taṃ maṃsaṃ gahetvā upassayaṃ agamāsi. Atha kho uppalavaṇṇā bhikkhunī tassā rattiyā accayena taṃ maṃsaṃ sampādetvā uttarāsaṅgena bhaṇḍikaṃ bandhitvā vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā veḷuvane paccuṭṭhāsi .
那时,世尊已进村乞食了。具寿优陀夷留守在寺院,负责看护住处。于是,莲华色比丘尼便去拜访具寿优陀夷。到了之后,她对具寿优陀夷说:‘尊者,世尊在哪里?’‘贤妹,世尊进村乞食去了。’‘尊者,请把这块肉交给世尊。’‘贤妹,你用这块肉让世尊满意了。如果你能把下衣给我,那我也就能因下衣而满意了。’‘尊者,我们女人家得到东西很不容易。而且这是我最后一件、第五件衣了。我不能给。’‘贤妹,就像一个人给了大象,却又在象轭上斤斤计较;同样地,贤妹,你既已把肉给了世尊,却又对我吝啬一件下衣。’于是,莲华色比丘尼在具寿优陀夷的强索下,把下衣给了他,然后回到了自己的住处。那些比丘尼们迎接莲华色比丘尼,接过她的钵和衣时,对莲华色比丘尼说:‘圣尼,你的下衣在哪里?’莲华色比丘尼就把这件事告诉了那些比丘尼。比丘尼们纷纷批评、指责、非难道:‘具寿优陀夷怎么能接受比丘尼的衣呢?女人家得到东西是多么不容易啊!’然后,那些比丘尼就把这件事告诉了诸比丘。那些少欲的诸比丘……批评、指责、非难道:‘具寿优陀夷怎么能接受比丘尼的衣呢!’接着,那些比丘用各种方式呵责了具寿优陀夷之后,把这件事报告了世尊。……‘优陀夷,听说你确实接受了比丘尼的衣,这是真的吗?’‘是真的,世尊。’‘优陀夷,那位比丘尼是你的亲属,还是非亲属?’‘是非亲属,世尊。’‘愚人!一个非亲属男子,对一个非亲属女子,根本就不了解什么是适当、什么是不适当,什么是合适、什么是不合适。你竟然在这种情况下,你这个愚人,从非亲属比丘尼的手中接受衣物!愚人,这不能令未信者生信……乃至……那么,诸比丘,应当这样诵出此学处——’显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā gāmaṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭho hoti. Āyasmā udāyī ohiyyako hoti vihārapālo. Atha kho uppalavaṇṇā bhikkhunī yenāyasmā udāyī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kahaṃ, bhante, bhagavā’’ti? ‘‘Paviṭṭho, bhagini, bhagavā gāmaṃ piṇḍāyā’’ti. ‘‘Imaṃ, bhante, maṃsaṃ bhagavato dehī’’ti. ‘‘Santappito tayā, bhagini, bhagavā maṃsena. Sace me tvaṃ antaravāsakaṃ dadeyyāsi, evaṃ ahampi santappito bhaveyyaṃ antaravāsakenā’’ti. ‘‘Mayaṃ kho, bhante, mātugāmā nāma kicchalābhā. Idañca me antimaṃ pañcamaṃ cīvaraṃ. Nāhaṃ dassāmī’’ti. ‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhagini, puriso hatthiṃ datvā kacche sajjeyya evameva kho tvaṃ bhagini bhagavato maṃsaṃ datvā mayi antaravāsake sajjasī’’ti . Atha kho uppalavaṇṇā bhikkhunī āyasmatā udāyinā nippīḷiyamānā antaravāsakaṃ datvā upassayaṃ agamāsi. Bhikkhuniyo uppalavaṇṇāya bhikkhuniyā pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggaṇhantiyo uppalavaṇṇaṃ bhikkhuniṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kahaṃ te, ayye, antaravāsako’’ti? Uppalavaṇṇā bhikkhunī bhikkhunīnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Bhikkhuniyo ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma ayyo udāyī bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ paṭiggahessati kicchalābho mātugāmo’’ti. Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā udāyī bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ paṭiggahessatī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, udāyi, bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ paṭiggahesī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ , bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Ñātikā te, udāyi, aññātikā’’ti? ‘‘Aññātikā, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Aññātako, moghapurisa, aññātikāya na jānāti patirūpaṃ vā appatirūpaṃ vā santaṃ vā asantaṃ vā. Tattha nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā hatthato cīvaraṃ paṭiggahessasi! Netaṃ moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
509 任何比丘,从非亲属的比丘尼手里接受衣,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
nti.
这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
510 那时,诸比丘心怀顾虑,不敢接受比丘尼用来交换的衣。比丘尼们批评、指责、非难道:‘尊者尊者们怎么能不接受我们用来交换的衣呢!’诸比丘听到了那些比丘尼们的批评、指责、非难。于是,那些比丘就把这件事报告了世尊。世尊以此因缘、以此事件,进行了法谈后,告诉诸比丘:‘诸比丘,允许接受五种人用来交换的衣物:比丘、比丘尼、在学尼、沙马内拉、沙马内莉。诸比丘,允许接受这五种人用来交换的衣物。那么,诸比丘,应当这样诵出此学处。’显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā bhikkhunīnaṃ pārivattakacīvaraṃ na paṭiggaṇhanti. Bhikkhuniyo ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma ayyā amhākaṃ pārivattakacīvaraṃ na paṭiggahessantī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ ujjhāyantīnaṃ khiyyantīnaṃ vipācentīnaṃ. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, pañcannaṃ pārivattakaṃ paṭiggahetuṃ – bhikkhussa, bhikkhuniyā, sikkhamānāya, sāmaṇerassa, sāmaṇeriyā. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, imesaṃ pañcannaṃ pārivattakaṃ paṭiggahetuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha.
511 任何比丘,从非亲属的比丘尼手里接受衣,除非是交换,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Yo pana bhikkhu aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā hatthato cīvaraṃ paṭiggaṇheyya, aññatra pārivattakā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
512 “比丘”:无论何种比丘……于此义中,所指的即是此“比丘”。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“具足”——在双方僧团中皆已受具足戒。显示巴利原文
nāma mātito vā pitito vā yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā asambaddhā.
“衣”——指六种衣中的任何一种衣,可作净施的,最后的。显示巴利原文
nāma ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā.
“除了交换物之外”——将交换之物除外。显示巴利原文
nāma channaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ vikappanupagaṃ pacchimaṃ.
她接受时,在动作中有恶作。当得到衣时,成为尼萨耆亚。应当舍给僧团,或给集体,或给个人。再者,诸比丘,应这样舍弃:……‘尊者,我这件衣,是从非亲戚比丘尼手中接受的,除了交换物之外,是尼萨耆亚。我今将此衣舍给僧团。’……‘应给与。’……‘应给与。’……‘我给与具寿。’显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā pārivattakaṃ.
对于非亲戚,有非亲戚想而接受衣,除了交换物之外,尼萨耆亚波逸提。对于非亲戚,有疑惑而接受衣,除了交换物之外,尼萨耆亚波逸提。对于非亲戚,有亲戚想而接受衣,除了交换物之外,尼萨耆亚波逸提。显示巴利原文
Paṭiggaṇhāti, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, cīvaraṃ aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā hatthato paṭiggahitaṃ, aññatra pārivattakā, nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
513 如果对非亲戚的女性,心里确定她是非亲戚,而从她那里接受衣,除了交换之外,犯舍堕罪。如果对非亲戚的女性,心里有疑惑,而从她那里接受衣,除了交换之外,犯舍堕罪。如果对非亲戚的女性,心里以为她是亲戚,而从她那里接受衣,除了交换之外,犯舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī cīvaraṃ paṭiggaṇhāti, aññatra pārivattakā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātikāya vematiko cīvaraṃ paṭiggaṇhāti, aññatra pārivattakā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātikāya ñātikasaññī cīvaraṃ paṭiggaṇhāti, aññatra pārivattakā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
从一个已受具足戒的女子手中接受衣物,除了是交换物之外,犯恶作罪。对于是亲属,心里当作非亲属,犯恶作罪。对于是亲属,心里存有疑惑,犯恶作罪。对于是亲属,心里知道是亲属,不犯。显示巴利原文
Ekatoupasampannāya hatthato cīvaraṃ paṭiggaṇhāti, aññatra pārivattakā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātikāya aññātikasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātikāya vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātikāya ñātikasaññī, anāpatti.
514 不犯的情况是:对方是亲属;属于交换物,即用小的换大的,或用大的换小的;比丘凭信任拿取;暂时借取;除了衣之外,拿取其他的资具;从在学尼那里拿取;从沙马内莉那里拿取;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ñātikāya, pārivattakaṃ parittena vā vipulaṃ, vipulena vā parittaṃ, bhikkhu vissāsaṃ gaṇhāti, tāvakālikaṃ gaṇhāti , cīvaraṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ parikkhāraṃ gaṇhāti, sikkhamānāya, sāmaṇeriyā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
6. 向非亲属乞衣学处显示巴利原文
6. Aññātakaviññattisikkhāpadaṃ
515 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。就在那个时候,具寿优波难陀·释迦子善于说法。当时,有一位富商之子来到具寿优波难陀·释迦子那里。到了之后,他向具寿优波难陀·释迦子礼敬,然后坐在一边。具寿优波难陀·释迦子对坐在一边的那位富商之子以法义开示、劝勉、激励、令他欢喜。于是,那位富商之子被具寿优波难陀·释迦子以法义开示、劝勉、激励、令他欢喜后,便对具寿优波难陀·释迦子这样说:'尊者,请说您需要什么。我有能力供养尊者,也就是衣、饮食、坐卧处、生病所需的医药资具。' '贤友,如果你想要布施给我,就从这里给我一件布吧。' '尊者,我们这些良家子弟,怎么好只穿着一件布回去呢。尊者,请您稍等,等我回到家。回到家后,我会从家里送一件布来,或者比这件更好的。' 第二次,具寿优波难陀·释迦子又对那位富商之子这样说:'贤友,如果你想要布施给我,就从这里给我一件布吧。' '尊者,我们这些良家子弟,怎么好只穿着一件布回去呢。尊者,请您稍等,等我回到家。回到家后,我会从家里送一件布来,或者比这件更好的。' 第三次,具寿优波难陀·释迦子又对那位富商之子这样说:'贤友,如果你想要布施给我,就从这里给我一件布吧。' '尊者,我们这些良家子弟,怎么好只穿着一件布回去呢。尊者,请您稍等,等我回到家。回到家后,我会从家里送一件布来,或者比这件更好的。' '贤友,你既然邀请供养却又不想给,那你为什么邀请了之后却不给呢?'显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme . Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto paṭṭo hoti dhammiṃ kathaṃ kātuṃ. Atha kho aññataro seṭṭhiputto yenāyasmā upanando sakyaputto tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho taṃ seṭṭhiputtaṃ āyasmā upanando sakyaputto dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho so seṭṭhiputto āyasmatā upanandena sakyaputtena dhammiyā kathāya sandassito samādapito samuttejito sampahaṃsito āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘vadeyyātha, bhante, yena attho. Paṭibalā mayaṃ ayyassa dātuṃ yadidaṃ cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāra’’nti. ‘‘Sace me tvaṃ, āvuso, dātukāmosi, ito ekaṃ sāṭakaṃ dehī’’ti. ‘‘Amhākaṃ kho, bhante, kulaputtānaṃ kismiṃ viya ekasāṭakaṃ gantuṃ. Āgamehi, bhante, yāva gharaṃ gacchāmi. Gharaṃ gato ito vā ekaṃ sāṭakaṃ pahiṇissāmi ito vā sundaratara’’nti. Dutiyampi kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto taṃ seṭṭhiputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sace me tvaṃ āvuso dātukāmosi ito ekaṃ sāṭakaṃ dehī’’ti. Amhākaṃ kho bhante kulaputtānaṃ kismiṃ viya ekasāṭakaṃ gantuṃ, āgamehi bhante yāva gharaṃ gacchāmi, gharaṃ gato ito vā ekaṃ sāṭakaṃ pahiṇissāmi ito vā sundarataranti. Tatiyampi kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto taṃ seṭṭhiputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sace me tvaṃ āvuso dātukāmosi, ito ekaṃ sāṭakaṃ dehī’’ti. Amhākaṃ kho bhante kulaputtānaṃ kismiṃ viya ekasāṭakaṃ gantuṃ, āgamehi bhante yāva gharaṃ gacchāmi, gharaṃ gato ito vā ekaṃ sāṭakaṃ pahiṇissāmi ito vā sundarataranti. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tayā, āvuso, adātukāmena pavāritena yaṃ tvaṃ pavāretvā na desī’’ti.
于是,那位富商之子在具寿优波难陀·释迦子的逼迫下,给了一件布之后便离开了。人们问那位富商之子:'你怎么只穿着一件布回来呢?' 于是,那位富商之子就把这件事告诉了那些人。人们纷纷非难、批评、指责:'这些沙门释迦子真是多欲、不知足啊!连对他们做法施邀请都这么难做。怎么能当富商之子正在做法施邀请的时候,就拿走他的布呢!' 诸比丘听到了那些人的非难、批评、指责。那些少欲的诸比丘……也非难、批评、指责:'具寿优波难陀·释迦子怎么能向富商之子乞衣呢!' 于是,那些比丘们用种种方式呵责了具寿优波难陀·释迦子之后,就把这件事报告了世尊。……'优波难陀,听说你真的向富商之子乞衣了?' '是的,世尊。' '优波难陀,那个人是你的亲属,还是非亲属?' '是非亲属,世尊。' '愚痴的人,一个非亲属哪里知道你对非亲属所做的,是合适还是不合适、是如法还是不如法。你竟然在这件事上,愚痴的人,向身为非亲属的富商之子乞衣!愚痴的人,这既不能让没有信心的人生起信心……那么,诸比丘,应当这样诵出这条学处——'显示巴利原文
Atha kho so seṭṭhiputto āyasmatā upanandena sakyaputtena nippīḷiyamāno ekaṃ sāṭakaṃ datvā agamāsi. Manussā taṃ seṭṭhiputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kissa tvaṃ ayyo ekasāṭako āgacchasī’’ti? Atha kho so seṭṭhiputto tesaṃ manussānaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘mahicchā ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā asantuṭṭhā. Nayimesaṃ sukarā dhammanimantanāpi kātuṃ . Kathañhi nāma seṭṭhiputtena dhammanimantanāya kayiramānāya sāṭakaṃ gahessantī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto seṭṭhiputtaṃ cīvaraṃ viññāpessatī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, upananda, seṭṭhiputtaṃ cīvaraṃ viññāpesī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Ñātako te, upananda, aññātako’’ti? ‘‘Aññātako, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Aññātako, moghapurisa, aññātakassa na jānāti patirūpaṃ vā appatirūpaṃ vā santaṃ vā asantaṃ vā. Tattha nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, aññātakaṃ seṭṭhiputtaṃ cīvaraṃ viññāpessasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
516 任何比丘,向非亲属的居士或居士妇乞衣,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
nti.
就在那时,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
517 就在那个时候,有许多比丘正从萨咖陀经行道路前往舍卫城。在路上,有盗贼出来抢夺了那些比丘的衣物。于是,那些比丘们心想:'世尊禁止向非亲属的在家男居士或在家女居士乞衣。'他们心存顾虑,便没有去乞衣。他们就那样赤裸着身子到了舍卫城,向诸比丘礼敬。诸比丘这样说:'贤友们,这些裸形外道真不错,还来向我们比丘合掌呢。' 他们回答说:'贤友们,我们不是裸形外道,我们是比丘。' 诸比丘便对具寿优波离说:'喂,优波离贤友,请你盘问一下这些人。' 于是,在具寿优波离的盘问下,那些比丘说出了事情的原委。当时,具寿优波离盘问完那些比丘后,便对诸比丘说:'贤友们,这些人是比丘。把衣给他们吧。' 那些少欲的诸比丘……非难、批评、指责:'诸比丘怎么能赤裸着身子来呢!难道不应该用草或树叶遮着身体回来吗?' 于是,那些比丘们用种种方式呵责了那些赤裸而来的比丘之后,就把这件事报告了世尊。当时,世尊以这个因缘、这件事为缘由,做了如法的开示后,对诸比丘说:'诸比丘,我允许衣服被抢的比丘,或衣服丢失的比丘,向非亲属的在家男居士或在家女居士乞衣。当他到达最先遇到的那个住处时,如果在僧团那里有属于寺院的衣,或者覆盖上座的上等布、铺在地上的布、床垫套子,可以取过来披着,心想:我以后会放回去。如果僧团没有属于寺院的衣,没有覆盖上座的上等布、铺在地上的布、床垫套子,那就应该用草或树叶遮着身子回来;决不可以赤裸着身子回来。如果赤裸着身子回来,犯恶作罪。那么,诸比丘,应当这样诵出这条学处——'显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū sāketā sāvatthiṃ 2 addhānamaggappaṭipannā honti. Antarāmagge corā nikkhamitvā te bhikkhū acchindiṃsu. Atha kho te bhikkhū – ‘‘bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṃ aññātakaṃ gahapatiṃ vā gahapatāniṃ vā cīvaraṃ viññāpetu’’nti, kukkuccāyantā na viññāpesuṃ. Yathānaggāva sāvatthiṃ gantvā bhikkhū abhivādenti. Bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘sundarā kho ime, āvuso, ājīvakā ye ime bhikkhūsu abhivādentī’’ti. Te evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘na mayaṃ, āvuso, ājīvakā, bhikkhū maya’’nti. Bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ upāliṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘iṅghāvuso upāli, ime anuyuñjāhī’’ti. Atha kho āyasmatā upālinā anuyuñjiyamānā te bhikkhū etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho āyasmā upāli te bhikkhū anuyuñjitvā bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘bhikkhū ime, āvuso. Detha nesaṃ cīvarānī’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhū naggā āgacchissanti! Nanu nāma tiṇena vā paṇṇena vā paṭicchādetvā āgantabba’’nti. Atha kho te bhikkhū te anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, acchinnacīvarassa vā naṭṭhacīvarassa vā aññātakaṃ gahapatiṃ vā gahapatāniṃ vā cīvaraṃ viññāpetuṃ. Yaṃ āvāsaṃ paṭhamaṃ upagacchati, sace tattha hoti saṅghassa vihāracīvaraṃ vā uttarattharaṇaṃ vā bhūmattharaṇaṃ vā bhisicchavi vā, taṃ gahetvā pārupituṃ labhitvā odahissāmī’’ti . No ce hoti saṅghassa vihāracīvaraṃ vā uttarattharaṇaṃ vā bhumattharaṇaṃ vā bhisicchavi vā tiṇena vā paṇṇena vā paṭicchādetvā āgantabbaṃ; na tveva naggena āgantabbaṃ. Yo āgaccheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
518 任何比丘,向非亲属的居士或居士妇乞衣,除非在适当的时候,犯舍堕。这里所说的适当时候是:比丘的衣被抢了,或衣丢失了。这就是这里所说的适当时候。显示巴利原文
Yo pana bhikkhu aññātakaṃ gahapatiṃ vā gahapatāniṃ vā cīvaraṃ viññāpeyya, aññatra samayā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Tatthāyaṃ samayo – acchinnacīvaro vā hoti bhikkhu naṭṭhacīvaro vā. Ayaṃ tattha samayo’’ti.
519 所谓比丘——不论他是怎样的……等等——就是这里所指的这种含义的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓非亲戚,是指从母方或父方追溯,直到第七代祖先之间,没有任何血缘关系的人。显示巴利原文
nāma mātito vā pitito vā yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā asambaddho.
所谓在家人男性,是指任何一个居住在俗家的男子。显示巴利原文
nāma yo koci agāraṃ ajjhāvasati.
所谓在家人女性,是指任何一个居住在俗家的女子。显示巴利原文
nāma yā kāci agāraṃ ajjhāvasati.
所谓衣,是指在六种衣当中,任何一件可以作净施、尺寸达到最小标准的衣。显示巴利原文
nāma channaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ vikappanupagaṃ pacchimaṃ.
除适时之外。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā samayaṃ.
所谓“比丘的衣被抢走”,是指被国王们、或被盗贼们、或被流氓们、或被任何人抢走。显示巴利原文
nāma bhikkhussa cīvaraṃ acchinnaṃ hoti rājūhi vā corehi vā dhuttehi vā, yehi kehici vā acchinnaṃ hoti.
比丘的衣被火烧了,被水冲走了,被老鼠或白蚁咬坏了,或者穿用久了破损了。显示巴利原文
nāma bhikkhussa cīvaraṃ agginā vā daḍḍhaṃ hoti, udakena vā vuḷhaṃ hoti, undūrehi vā upacikāhi vā khāyitaṃ hoti, paribhogajiṇṇaṃ vā hoti.
非适时乞衣的情况,在乞讨的行动上犯恶作。得到衣时,则成为舍堕。应将该衣舍给僧团、或小组、或个人。而且,诸比丘,应这样舍出:……‘尊者,这件衣是我向非亲戚的居士,在非适时乞求所得的,是舍堕。我今将此衣舍给僧团。’……‘应给予……’……‘应给予……’……‘我给与具寿。’显示巴利原文
Aññatra samayā viññāpeti, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave , nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, cīvaraṃ aññātakaṃ gahapatikaṃ, aññatra samayā viññāpitaṃ, nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
520 向非亲戚的人乞衣,心里明知是非亲戚,又在非适时乞求,犯舍堕波逸提。向非亲戚的人乞衣,心里对此有疑,又在非适时乞求,犯舍堕波逸提。向非亲戚的人乞衣,心里误以为是亲戚,又在非适时乞求,犯舍堕波逸提。显示巴利原文
Aññātake aññātakasaññī, aññatra samayā, cīvaraṃ viññāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātake vematiko, aññatra samayā, cīvaraṃ viññāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātake ñātakasaññī, aññatra samayā, cīvaraṃ viññāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
向亲戚乞衣,心里误以为是非亲戚,犯恶作。向亲戚乞衣,心里对此有疑,犯恶作。向亲戚乞衣,心里明知是亲戚,没有犯。显示巴利原文
Ñātake aññātakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātake vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātake ñātakasaññī, anāpatti.
521 在适当时的情况、向亲戚乞、向已邀请自己的人乞、为了他人而乞、用自己所有的财物换取、精神失常者犯、最初犯行者,这些没有犯。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti samaye, ñātakānaṃ, pavāritānaṃ, aññassatthāya, attano dhanena, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
7. 超过上限学处显示巴利原文
7. Tatuttarisikkhāpadaṃ
522 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。就在那时,六群比丘走到那些衣服被抢走的比丘那里,对他们这样说:“贤友,世尊已经允许了:‘衣服被抢走的比丘或衣服丢失的比丘,可以向非亲戚的男居士或女居士乞衣。’贤友们,去乞衣吧。”“够了,贤友,我们已经得到衣了。”“我们替各位具寿去乞。”“那你们去乞吧,贤友。”于是,六群比丘就去到居士们那里,这样说道:“贤友们,那些衣服被抢走的比丘来了,你们给他们衣吧。”他们就乞得了很多衣。显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū acchinnacīvarake bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadanti – ‘‘bhagavatā, āvuso, anuññātaṃ – ‘acchinnacīvarassa vā naṭṭhacīvarassa vā aññātakaṃ gahapatiṃ vā gahapatāniṃ vā cīvaraṃ viññāpetuṃ’; viññāpetha, āvuso, cīvara’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, āvuso, laddhaṃ amhehi cīvara’’nti. ‘‘Mayaṃ āyasmantānaṃ viññāpemā’’ti. ‘‘Viññāpetha, āvuso’’ti. Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū gahapatike upasaṅkamitvā etadavocuṃ – ‘‘acchinnacīvarakā, āvuso, bhikkhū āgatā. Detha nesaṃ cīvarānī’’ti, bahuṃ cīvaraṃ viññāpesuṃ.
就在那时,有一个人坐在会堂里,对另一个人这样说:“衣服被抢走的尊者们、那些比丘们来了,我已经给了他们衣。”那个人也这样说:“我也给了。”另一个人也这样说:“我也给了。”那些人就非难、责备、讥嫌道:“这些沙门释迦子怎么这样不知道适量,乞得那么多衣!这些沙门释迦子是要做布匹生意,还是要开布店啊!”那些比丘听到了那些人在非难、责备、讥嫌。那些少欲的比丘……也非难、责备、讥嫌道:“六群比丘怎么这样不知道适量,乞得那么多衣!”于是,那些比丘用种种方式呵责了六群比丘之后,就把这件事禀告了世尊。……“诸比丘,你们真的不知道适量,乞得了很多衣吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责了……“你们这些愚痴的人,怎么能不知道适量,乞得那么多衣呢!愚痴的人,这不能让没有信心的人生起信心……诸比丘,你们应这样诵出此学处——”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññataro puriso sabhāyaṃ nisinno aññataraṃ purisaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘acchinnacīvarakā ayyo bhikkhū āgatā. Tesaṃ mayā cīvaraṃ dinna’’nti. Sopi evamāha – ‘‘mayāpi dinna’’nti. Aparopi evamāha – ‘‘mayāpi dinna’’nti. Te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā na mattaṃ jānitvā bahuṃ cīvaraṃ viññāpessanti, dussavāṇijjaṃ vā samaṇā sakyaputtiyā karissanti, paggāhikasālaṃ vā pasāressantī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū na mattaṃ jānitvā bahuṃ cīvaraṃ viññāpessantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, na mattaṃ jānitvā bahuṃ cīvaraṃ viññāpethā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, na mattaṃ jānitvā bahuṃ cīvaraṃ viññāpessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
523 如果那位非亲属的居士或居士妇拿出很多衣来邀请,这位比丘最多只能接受够做上下两件衣的量;如果接受超过这个量,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Tañce aññātako gahapati vā gahapatānī vā bahūhi cīvarehi abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāreyya santaruttaraparamaṃ tena bhikkhunā tato cīvaraṃ sāditabbaṃ. Tato ce uttari sādiyeyya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
524 关于衣被夺走的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti acchinnacīvarakaṃ bhikkhuṃ.
指母系或父系向上追溯七代祖先之间,没有血缘关系联结的。显示巴利原文
nāma mātito vā pitito vā yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā asambaddho.
指任何居住在俗家的人(男性)。显示巴利原文
nāma yo koci agāraṃ ajjhāvasati.
指任何居住在俗家的人(女性)。显示巴利原文
nāma yā kāci agāraṃ ajjhāvasati.
关于有很多件衣。显示巴利原文
ti bahukehi cīvarehi.
指‘你想要多少,就拿多少’的意思。显示巴利原文
ti yāvatakaṃ icchasi tāvatakaṃ gaṇhāhīti.
如果三衣中丢失了三件,可以接受两件新衣;如果丢失了两件,可以接受一件新衣;如果只丢失了一件,就不应接受任何新衣。显示巴利原文
nti sace tīṇi naṭṭhāni honti dve sāditabbāni, dve naṭṭhāni ekaṃ sāditabbaṃ, ekaṃ naṭṭhaṃ na kiñci sāditabbaṃ.
如果超出这个范围去乞求,在行动中就有恶作罪。当得到衣时,就构成舍堕罪。这衣必须舍给僧团、或给一个团体、或给个人。诸比丘,应当这样舍:……‘尊者,这件衣是我到一位非亲里的居士家,超出范围乞求来的,是犯舍堕罪的。我现在把这衣舍给僧团。’……‘应该给……’……‘应该给……’……‘我给这位具寿。’显示巴利原文
ti tatuttari viññāpeti, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, cīvaraṃ aññātakaṃ gahapatikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā tatuttari viññāpitaṃ nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
525 对象是非亲里人,也认知为非亲里人,超出范围乞求衣,犯舍堕波逸提。对象是非亲里人,心中存有疑惑,超出范围乞求衣,犯舍堕波逸提。对象是非亲里人,却认知为亲里人,超出范围乞求衣,犯舍堕波逸提。显示巴利原文
Aññātake aññātakasaññī tatuttari cīvaraṃ viññāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātake vematiko tatuttari cīvaraṃ viññāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātake ñātakasaññī tatuttari cīvaraṃ viññāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
对象是亲里人,却认知为非亲里人,犯恶作罪。对象是亲里人,心中存有疑惑,犯恶作罪。对象是亲里人,也认知为亲里人,没有罪。显示巴利原文
Ñātake aññātakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātake vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātake ñātakasaññī, anāpatti.
526 没有罪的情况是:带着‘我要取回剩下的’这种想法去;对方说‘剩下的就给你吧’;他们不是因为衣被抢走而给;不是因衣丢失而给;对亲里人;对已经邀请过自己的人;用自己的财物买;对精神失常者;对最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – ‘‘sesakaṃ āharissāmī’’ti haranto gacchati, ‘‘sesakaṃ tuyheva hotū’’ti denti, na acchinnakāraṇā denti, na naṭṭhakāraṇā denti, ñātakānaṃ, pavāritānaṃ, attano dhanena, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
8. 已备置学处显示巴利原文
8. Upakkhaṭasikkhāpadaṃ
527 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,有一位男子对他的妻子这样说:‘我要用衣去供养优波难陀尊者。’一位常行乞食的比丘听到了这男子说的话。于是,那位比丘便去拜访具寿释子优波难陀;到了之后,就对具寿释子优波难陀这样说:‘贤友优波难陀,您真是有大福报啊!在某某地方,有位男子对他妻子这样说:“我要用衣去供养优波难陀尊者。”’优波难陀说:‘贤友,那人就是我的护持者。’接着,具寿释子优波难陀就去拜访那位男子;到了之后,对那位男子这样说:‘贤友,听说你想用衣来供养我,是真的吗?’‘是的,尊者,我正有这个想法:“我要用衣去供养优波难陀尊者。”’‘贤友,如果你真的想用衣来供养我,那就用这样款式的衣来供养吧。你要是给我一件我根本不会拿来用的衣,我穿上了又能做什么呢?’显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro puriso pajāpatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ayyaṃ upanandaṃ cīvarena acchādessāmī’’ti. Assosi kho aññataro piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu tassa purisassa imaṃ vācaṃ bhāsamānassa. Atha kho so bhikkhu yenāyasmā upanando sakyaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mahāpuññosi tvaṃ, āvuso upananda, amukasmiṃ okāse aññataro puriso pajāpatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ayyaṃ upanandaṃ cīvarena acchādessāmī’’’ti. ‘‘Atthāvuso, maṃ so upaṭṭhāko’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto yena so puriso tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ purisaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘saccaṃ kira maṃ tvaṃ, āvuso, cīvarena acchādetukāmosī’’ti? ‘‘Api meyya, evaṃ hoti – ‘ayyaṃ upanandaṃ cīvarena acchādessāmī’’’ti. ‘‘Sace kho maṃ tvaṃ, āvuso, cīvarena acchādetukāmosi, evarūpena cīvarena acchādehi. Kyāhaṃ tena acchannopi karissāmi yāhaṃ na paribhuñjissāmī’’ti.
于是,那位男子就讥嫌、抱怨、指责说:‘这些沙门释迦子真是多欲、不知足啊!想要用衣去供养他们,真是不容易!优波难陀尊者怎么可以在我还没邀请他的情况下,就跑来我家,对衣料的款式指指点点呢!’那些少欲的……诸比丘听到了这位男子的讥嫌、抱怨和指责。那些少欲的诸比丘……也讥嫌、抱怨、指责说:‘具寿释子优波难陀怎么可以在还没被邀请的情况下,就到居士家里,对衣料的款式指指点点呢!’然后,这些比丘用各种方式呵责了具寿释子优波难陀之后,就把这件事告诉了世尊。……世尊说:‘优波难陀,听说你确实在还没被邀请的情况下,就到居士家里,对衣料的款式指指点点,这是真的吗?’‘是真的,世尊。’世尊问:‘优波难陀,那人对你来说是亲里人,还是非亲里人呢?’‘是非亲里人,世尊。’世尊呵责道:‘你这愚痴人!非亲里人怎么能知道什么是合适、什么是不合适,什么是好的、什么是不好的呢?你这愚痴人,竟然在非亲里的居士还没邀请你的情况下,就跑去对衣料的款式指指点点!你这愚痴人,这既不能让没生起信心的人生起信心……’‘诸比丘,应当这样来诵出这条学处——’显示巴利原文
Atha kho so puriso ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti – ‘‘mahicchā ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā asantuṭṭhā. Nayime sukarā cīvarena acchādetuṃ. Kathañhi nāma ayyo upanando mayā pubbe appavārito maṃ upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjissatī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tassa purisassa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto pubbe appavārito gahapatikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjissatī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ …pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, upananda, pubbe appavārito gahapatikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjasī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Ñātako te, upananda, aññātako’’ti? ‘‘Aññātako, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Aññātako, moghapurisa, aññātakassa na jānāti patirūpaṃ vā appatirūpaṃ vā santaṃ vā asantaṃ vā. Tattha nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, pubbe appavārito aññātakaṃ gahapatikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjissasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
528 如果有非亲属的居士或居士妇,为某位比丘备好了买衣的钱,心想『我用这笔买衣钱买衣,供养某某比丘』;这位比丘事先没有受到邀请,就上门去对买衣这件事提要求,说『好啊,请尊者用这笔买衣钱,买这样那样的衣来供养我吧』——出于想要好衣的心,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Bhikkhuṃ paneva uddissa aññātakassa gahapatissa vā gahapatāniyā vā cīvaracetāpannaṃ cīvaracetāpanaṃ (syā.) upakkhaṭaṃ hoti – ‘iminā cīvaracetāpannena cīvaraṃ cetāpetvā itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ cīvarena acchādessāmī’ti; tatra ce so bhikkhu pubbe appavārito upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjeyya – ‘sādhu vata maṃ āyasmā iminā cīvaracetāpannena evarūpaṃ vā evarūpaṃ vā cīvaraṃ cetāpetvā acchādehī’ti, kalyāṇakamyataṃ upādāya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
529 为了比丘,执取比丘为所缘,想要覆障比丘。显示巴利原文
ti bhikkhussatthāya, bhikkhuṃ ārammaṇaṃ karitvā, bhikkhuṃ acchādetukāmo.
称为从母系或父系溯及七代祖先以内,没有关联者。显示巴利原文
nāma mātito vā pitito vā yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā asambaddho.
称为任何在俗家居住的人。显示巴利原文
nāma yo koci agāraṃ ajjhāvasati.
称为任何在俗家居住的女人。显示巴利原文
nāma yā kāci agāraṃ ajjhāvasati.
称为金、银、珍珠、宝石、珊瑚、水晶、布料、线、棉花。显示巴利原文
nāma hiraññaṃ vā suvaṇṇaṃ vā muttā vā maṇi vā pavāḷo vā phaliko vā paṭako vā suttaṃ vā kappāso vā.
已经现前。显示巴利原文
ti paccupaṭṭhitena.
辗转传递。显示巴利原文
ti parivattetvā.
有比丘,有人为他准备了购置衣料的资具。显示巴利原文
ti yaṃ bhikkhuṃ uddissa cīvaracetāpannaṃ upakkhaṭaṃ hoti so bhikkhu.
先前被这样问过:‘尊者,您需要什么样的衣料?我该为您置办什么样的衣料呢?’显示巴利原文
ti pubbe avutto hoti – ‘‘kīdisena te, bhante, cīvarena attho, kīdisaṃ te cīvaraṃ cetāpemī’’ti?
去了住宅后,无论何处,靠近之后。显示巴利原文
ti gharaṃ gantvā yattha katthaci upasaṅkamitvā .
无论是长的、宽的、细密的还是柔滑的。显示巴利原文
ti āyataṃ vā hotu vitthataṃ vā appitaṃ vā saṇhaṃ vā.
用现前供养的。显示巴利原文
ti paccupaṭṭhitena.
长的、宽的、细密的或柔滑的。显示巴利原文
ti. Āyataṃ vā vitthataṃ vā appitaṃ vā saṇhaṃ vā.
转换之后。显示巴利原文
ti parivattetvā.
那时候,有个人想要供养既实用又贵重的衣。他受那个人的话影响,去张罗长的、宽的、织得密的、质地细滑的衣。在筹备的过程中,犯恶作。一旦得到那件衣,就构成舍堕罪。这件衣必须舍给僧团、或给一个僧组、或给一位比丘。诸比丘,应该这样舍:『尊者,这件衣是我之前未受邀请,便去拜访非亲戚的居士,在衣这件事上作了不当要求而得到的,属于舍堕。我把这件衣舍给僧团。』……舍出之后,应该归还……说『应该归还』……『我给具寿。』显示巴利原文
ti sādhatthiko mahagghatthiko. Tassa vacanena āyataṃ vā vitthataṃ vā appitaṃ vā saṇhaṃ vā cetāpeti, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, cīvaraṃ pubbe appavārito aññātakaṃ gahapatikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpannaṃ nissaggiyaṃ, imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
530 对象是非亲戚,心里也认为是非亲戚,之前未受邀请就去拜访居士,在衣这件事上作了不当要求,犯舍堕的波逸提罪。对象是非亲戚,心里不确定,之前未受邀请就去拜访居士,在衣这件事上作了不当要求,犯舍堕的波逸提罪。对象是非亲戚,心里误认为是亲戚,之前未受邀请就去拜访居士,在衣这件事上作了不当要求,犯舍堕的波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Aññātake aññātakasaññī pubbe appavārito gahapatikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjati, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātake vematiko pubbe appavārito gahapatikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjati, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātake ñātakasaññī pubbe appavārito gahapatikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjati, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
对象是亲戚,心里却认为是非亲戚,犯恶作罪。对象是亲戚,心里不确定,犯恶作罪。对象是亲戚,心里也认为是亲戚,不犯戒。显示巴利原文
Ñātake aññātakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātake vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātake ñātakasaññī, anāpatti.
531 不犯的情况有:对亲戚;已经受过邀请的;为了别人的利益;用自己的财物;想要贵重衣的人却为他张罗了便宜的衣;精神失常的人;最初的犯规者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ñātakānaṃ, pavāritānaṃ, aññassatthāya, attano dhanena, mahagghaṃ cetāpetukāmassa appagghaṃ cetāpeti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
9. 第二关于指定供养的学处显示巴利原文
9. Dutiyaupakkhaṭasikkhāpadaṃ
532 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。当时,有一个人对另一个人这样说:『我要用衣供养优波难陀尊者。』另一个人也这样说:『我也要用衣供养优波难陀尊者。』一位乞食的比丘听到了这两个人的这番对话。于是,那位比丘就去拜访具寿优波难陀·释迦子。到了之后,对具寿优波难陀·释迦子说:『法友优波难陀,你真是有大福报啊!在某某地方,有一个人对另一个人说:「我要用衣供养优波难陀尊者。」另一个人也这样说:「我也要用衣供养优波难陀尊者。」』具寿优波难陀说:『法友,他们是我的护持者。』显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro puriso aññataraṃ purisaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ayyaṃ upanandaṃ cīvarena acchādessāmī’’ti. Sopi evamāha – ‘‘ahampi ayyaṃ upanandaṃ cīvarena acchādessāmī’’ti. Assosi kho aññataro piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu tesaṃ purisānaṃ imaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ. Atha kho so bhikkhu yenāyasmā upanando sakyaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mahāpuññosi tvaṃ, āvuso upananda. Amukasmiṃ okāse aññataro puriso aññataraṃ purisaṃ etadavoca – ‘ayyaṃ upanandaṃ cīvarena acchādessāmī’ti. Sopi evamāha – ‘ahampi ayyaṃ upanandaṃ cīvarena acchādessāmī’’’ti. ‘‘Atthāvuso, maṃ te upaṭṭhākā’’ti.
接着,具寿优波难陀·释迦子就去拜访那两个人。到了之后,对那两个人说:『居士们,听说你们确实想要用衣供养我,是真的吗?』他们回答:『是的,尊者,我们是这样想的:「我们要用衣供养优波难陀尊者。」』具寿优波难陀说:『居士们,如果你们真想用衣供养我,那就用这样的衣来供养吧。你们供养的那些衣,我即使披上了又能怎样呢?我根本不会用的。』那两个人听后,就生气、批评、指责说:『这些沙门释迦子真是欲望大、不知足啊!他们真是不容易用衣来供养。优波难陀尊者怎么能这样,之前我们还没邀请他,他就来拜访,在衣这件事上提出要求呢!』显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto yena te purisā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te purise etadavoca – ‘‘saccaṃ kira maṃ tumhe, āvuso, cīvarehi acchādetukāmātthā’’ti? ‘‘Api nayya, evaṃ hoti – ‘ayyaṃ upanandaṃ cīvarehi acchādessāmā’’’ti. ‘‘Sace kho maṃ tumhe , āvuso, cīvarehi acchādetukāmāttha, evarūpena cīvarena acchādetha, kyāhaṃ tehi acchannopi karissāmi, yānāhaṃ na paribhuñjissāmī’’ti . Atha kho te purisā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘mahicchā ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā asantuṭṭhā. Nayime sukarā cīvarehi acchādetuṃ. Kathañhi nāma ayyo upanando amhehi pubbe appavārito upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjissatī’’ti!
那些比丘们听到了那两个人正在生气、批评、指责的话。那些少欲的诸比丘……就生气、批评、指责说:『具寿优波难陀·释迦子怎么能这样,之前未受邀请就去拜访居士,在衣这件事上提出要求呢!』于是,那些比丘们用各种方式呵责了具寿优波难陀·释迦子之后,就把这件事报告给世尊。……世尊说:『优波难陀,听说你之前未受邀请就去拜访居士,在衣这件事上提出要求,是真的吗?』他回答:『是真的,世尊。』世尊问:『优波难陀,他们是你的亲戚还是非亲戚?』他回答:『是非亲戚,世尊。』世尊呵责说:『你这个愚痴的人!对于非亲戚,你难道不知道什么合适、什么不合适,什么如法、什么不如法吗?你这个愚痴的人,竟然之前未受邀请就去拜访非亲戚的居士,在衣这件事上提出要求!愚痴的人,这样做既不能让没有信心的人产生信心……』……『诸比丘,应该这样诵这条学处——』显示巴利原文
Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ purisānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto pubbe appavārito gahapatike upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjissatī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, upananda, pubbe appavārito gahapatike upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjasī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Ñātakā te, upananda, aññātakā’’ti? ‘‘Aññātakā, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Aññātako, moghapurisa, aññātakānaṃ na jānāti patirūpaṃ vā appatirūpaṃ vā santaṃ vā asantaṃ vā. Tattha nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, pubbe appavārito aññātake gahapatike upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjissasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
533 如果有两家非亲属的居士或居士妇,各自为某位比丘备好了买衣的钱,心想『我们各用这笔买衣钱各买一件衣,供养某某比丘』;这位比丘事先没有受到邀请,就上门去对买衣这件事提要求,说『好啊,请两位尊者各用这笔买衣钱,买这样那样的衣来供养我;两笔合起来供养一件吧』——出于想要好衣的心,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Bhikkhuṃ paneva uddissa ubhinnaṃ aññātakānaṃ gahapatīnaṃ vā gahapatānīnaṃ vā paccekacīvaracetāpannāni upakkhaṭāni honti – ‘imehi mayaṃ paccekacīvaracetāpannehi paccekacīvarāni cetāpetvā itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ cīvarehi acchādessāmā’ti ; tatra ce so bhikkhu pubbe appavārito upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjeyya – ‘sādhu vata maṃ āyasmanto imehi paccekacīvaracetāpannehi evarūpaṃ vā evarūpaṃ vā cīvaraṃ cetāpetvā acchādetha, ubhova santā ekenā’ti, kalyāṇakamyataṃ upādāya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
534 为了某位比丘,以比丘为对象,想要给比丘衣。显示巴利原文
ti bhikkhussatthāya, bhikkhuṃ ārammaṇaṃ karitvā, bhikkhuṃ acchādetukāmā.
所谓“两者”,即二人/两份。显示巴利原文
nti dvinnaṃ.
所谓,从母系或父系追溯七代以内的亲属,没有关联的。显示巴利原文
nāma mātito vā pitito vā yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā asambaddhā.
所谓,凡是居住在家宅中的在家人。显示巴利原文
nāma ye keci agāra ajjhāvasanti.
所谓,凡是居住在家宅中的人。显示巴利原文
nāma yā kāci agāraṃ ajjhāvasanti.
所谓,金、黄金、珍珠、宝石、珊瑚、水晶、布匹、线、棉。显示巴利原文
nāma hiraññā vā suvaṇṇā vā muttā vā maṇī vā pavāḷā vā phalikā vā paṭakā vā suttā vā kappāsā vā.
当这些物品已经准备好时。显示巴利原文
ti paccupaṭṭhitehi.
改变了用途而转用。显示巴利原文
ti parivattetvā.
那位比丘——为他而准备好了衣资的那位比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yaṃ bhikkhuṃ uddissa cīvaracetāpannāni upakkhaṭāni honti so bhikkhu.
之前未被告知时是说:‘尊者,您需要什么样的衣?我们为您购置什么样的衣?’显示巴利原文
ti pubbe avutto hoti – ‘‘kīdisena te, bhante, cīvarena attho, kīdisaṃ te cīvaraṃ cetāpemā’’ti.
去到在家宅邸,无论行至何处。显示巴利原文
ti gharaṃ gantvā yattha katthaci upasaṅkamitvā.
无论是长的、宽的、织得细密的还是柔软的。显示巴利原文
ti āyataṃ vā hotu vitthataṃ vā appitaṃ vā saṇhaṃ vā.
当面现前地。显示巴利原文
ti paccupaṭṭhitehi.
长的、宽的、织得细密的或是柔软的。显示巴利原文
ti āyataṃ vā vitthataṃ vā appitaṃ vā saṇhaṃ vā.
转换之后。显示巴利原文
ti parivattetvā.
两个人共用一个。显示巴利原文
ti dvepi janā ekena.
(比丘)欲求优质、欲求昂贵(的衣)。显示巴利原文
ti sādhatthiko mahagghatthiko.
依照他的话,若让人准备长的、宽的、密织的或细软的衣,每一次操作都犯恶作。获得衣时,犯舍堕。应将衣舍给僧团、僧群或个人。诸比丘,应这样舍:……“尊者,这件衣是我先前未被邀请就去不认识的居士那里商量衣所犯的舍堕罪物,我将它舍给僧团。”……“应给与。”……“应给与。”……“我给与具寿。”显示巴利原文
Tassa vacanena āyataṃ vā vitthataṃ vā appitaṃ vā saṇhaṃ vā cetāpenti, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, cīvaraṃ pubbe appavārito aññātake gahapatike upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpannaṃ nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
535 作不亲戚想,先前未被邀请就去不是亲戚的居士那里商量衣,犯舍堕。不是亲戚而犹豫,先前未被邀请就去不是亲戚的居士那里商量衣,犯舍堕。作亲戚想,先前未被邀请就去不是亲戚的居士那里商量衣,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Aññātake aññātakasaññī pubbe appavārito gahapatike upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjati, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātake vematiko pubbe appavārito gahapatike upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjati, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātake ñātakasaññī pubbe appavārito gahapatike upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjati, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
是亲戚而作不亲戚想,犯恶作。是亲戚而犹豫,犯恶作。是亲戚而作亲戚想,无犯。显示巴利原文
Ñātake aññātakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātake vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātake ñātakasaññī, anāpatti.
536 无犯的情况:是亲戚;已被邀请;为他人;用自己的资具;想让人准备贵重的衣,却让人准备了便宜的;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – ñātakānaṃ, pavāritānaṃ, aññassatthāya, attano dhanena, mahagghaṃ cetāpetukāmānaṃ appagghaṃ cetāpeti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
10. 王者学处显示巴利原文
10. Rājasikkhāpadaṃ
537 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。就在那时,具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘有位做大臣的支持者,派人给具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘送去了买衣的钱款,并带话说:“用这笔买衣钱买了衣之后,请给优波难陀尊者穿上这件衣。”于是,那位信使就到具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘那里去了。到了之后,对具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘说:“尊者,这是特地给您送来的买衣钱。请尊者收下这笔买衣钱。”这么说时,具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘对那位信使说:“朋友,我们不收买衣钱。我们只收衣,在恰当的时候、如法的情况下。”这么说时,那位信使对具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘说:“那么,尊者有没有哪位负责帮忙办事的人呢?”就在那时,有位在家居士因为一些事情来到寺院。于是,具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘就对那位信使说:“朋友,这位在家居士就是诸比丘的办事人。”接着,那位信使就跟那位在家居士交代清楚,然后又到具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘那里去了。到了之后,对具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘说:“尊者,您指派的办事人,我已经跟他交代清楚了。请尊者到时候过去,他会给您衣,让您穿上。”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa upaṭṭhāko mahāmatto āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa dūtena cīvaracetāpannaṃ pāhesi – ‘‘iminā cīvaracetāpannena cīvaraṃ cetāpetvā ayyaṃ upanandaṃ cīvarena acchādehī’’ti. Atha kho so dūto yenāyasmā upanando sakyaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idaṃ kho, bhante, āyasmantaṃ uddissa cīvaracetāpannaṃ ābhataṃ. Paṭiggaṇhātu āyasmā cīvaracetāpanna’’nti. Evaṃ vutte āyasmā upanando sakyaputto taṃ dūtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho mayaṃ, āvuso, cīvaracetāpannaṃ paṭiggaṇhāma, cīvarañca kho mayaṃ paṭiggaṇhāma kālena kappiya’’nti. Evaṃ vutte so dūto āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi panāyasmato koci veyyāvaccakaro’’ti ? Tena kho pana samayena aññataro upāsako ārāmaṃ agamāsi kenacideva karaṇīyena. Atha kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto taṃ dūtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘eso kho, āvuso, upāsako bhikkhūnaṃ veyyāvaccakaro’’ti. Atha kho so dūto taṃ upāsakaṃ saññāpetvā yenāyasmā upanando sakyaputto tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yaṃ kho, bhante, āyasmā veyyāvaccakaraṃ niddisi saññatto so mayā. Upasaṅkamatu āyasmā kālena, cīvarena taṃ acchādessatī’’ti.
就在那时,那位大臣又派人到具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘那里传话说:“请尊者使用那件衣,我们希望尊者用过那件衣。”可是,具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘对那位在家居士什么也没说。那位大臣第二次派人到具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘那里传话说:“请尊者使用那件衣,我们希望尊者用过那件衣。”具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘第二次还是对那位在家居士什么也没说。那位大臣第三次派人到具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘那里传话说:“请尊者使用那件衣,我们希望尊者用过那件衣。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena so mahāmatto āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa santike dūtaṃ pāhesi – ‘‘paribhuñjatu ayyo taṃ cīvaraṃ, icchāma mayaṃ ayyena taṃ cīvaraṃ paribhutta’’nti. Atha kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto taṃ upāsakaṃ na kiñci avacāsi. Dutiyampi kho so mahāmatto āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa santike dūtaṃ pāhesi – ‘‘paribhuñjatu ayyo taṃ cīvaraṃ, icchāma mayaṃ ayyena taṃ cīvaraṃ paribhutta’’nti. Dutiyampi kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto taṃ upāsakaṃ na kiñci avacāsi. Tatiyampi kho so mahāmatto āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa santike dūtaṃ pāhesi – ‘‘paribhuñjatu ayyo taṃ cīvaraṃ, icchāma mayaṃ ayyena taṃ cīvaraṃ paribhutta’’nti.
就在那时,集市上有活动。集市的人定了一条规矩:“谁最后一个到,就罚五十钱。”这时,具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘就到那位在家居士那里去了。到了之后,对那位在家居士说:“朋友,我需要衣。”那位在家居士说:“尊者,请等一等,今天集市有活动。集市的人定了一条规矩:‘谁最后一个到,就罚五十钱。’”优波难陀却一把拽住他的腰带,说:“朋友,你今天就得给我衣!”于是,那位在家居士被具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘逼得没办法,只好给具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘弄来了衣,结果最后一个赶到集市。大家就对那位在家居士说:“尊者(在家居士的尊称),你怎么最后一个到,把五十钱给输掉了?”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena negamassa samayo hoti. Negamena ca katikā katā hoti – ‘‘yo pacchā āgacchati paññāsaṃ baddho’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto yena so upāsako tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ upāsakaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘attho me, āvuso, cīvarenā’’ti. ‘‘Ajjaṇho, bhante , āgamehi, ajja negamassa samayo. Negamena ca katikā katā hoti – ‘yo pacchā āgacchati paññāsaṃ baddho’’’ti. ‘‘Ajjeva me, āvuso, cīvaraṃ dehī’’ti ovaṭṭikāya parāmasi. Atha kho so upāsako āyasmatā upanandena sakyaputtena nippīḷiyamāno āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa cīvaraṃ cetāpetvā pacchā agamāsi. Manussā taṃ upāsakaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kissa tvaṃ, ayyo, pacchā āgato, paññāsaṃ jīnosī’’ti.
于是,那位在家居士就把事情的经过告诉了那些人。那些人纷纷指责、批评、非议说:“这些释迦子沙门欲望大、不知足!要给他们办点事都这么难。那位优波难陀尊者,在家居士明明对他说‘尊者,请等一等’,他怎么就不肯等呢!”那些比丘听到了这些人的指责、批评、非议。那些少欲的诸比丘……也指责、批评、非议说:“具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘,在家居士明明对他说‘尊者,请等一等’,他怎么就不肯等呢!”然后,这些比丘用各种方式责备了具寿优波难陀·释迦比丘之后,就把这件事禀告了世尊。……世尊问:“优波难陀,听说在家居士对你说‘尊者,请等一等’,你却不肯等,这是真的吗?”优波难陀说:“世尊,是真的。”佛陀世尊呵责说……“愚痴的人,在家居士对你说‘尊者,请等一等’,你怎么能不肯等呢!愚痴的人,这既不能让没有信心的人产生信心……诸比丘,你们应该这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Atha kho so upāsako tesaṃ manussānaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘mahicchā ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā asantuṭṭhā . Nayimesaṃ sukaraṃ veyyāvaccampi kātuṃ. Kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando upāsakena – ‘ajjaṇho, bhante, āgamehī’ti vuccamāno nāgamessatī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto upāsakena – ‘ajjaṇho, bhante, āgamehī’ti vuccamāno nāgamessatī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, upananda, upāsakena – ‘ajjaṇho, bhante, āgamehī’ti vuccamāno nāgamesī’’ti ? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, upāsakena – ‘ajjaṇho, bhante, āgamehī’ti vuccamāno nāgamessasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
538 如果有国王、大臣、婆罗门或居士,派使者为某位比丘送来买衣的钱,说『用这笔买衣钱买衣,供养某某比丘』。如果那使者来对这位比丘说『尊者,这是为您送来的买衣钱,请尊者收下』,比丘应当对使者这样说『朋友,我们不收买衣钱;我们在合适的时候收的是如法的衣』。如果使者问『尊者有没有可以替您办事的人』,需要衣的比丘可以指出一位净人——园丁或居士,说『朋友,这位就是替诸比丘办事的人』。如果使者把买衣钱交代给那净人后,回来对比丘说『尊者指的那位办事人我已交代好了,请尊者适时前去,他会用衣供养您』;需要衣的比丘可以到那办事人处,催问、提醒两三次说『朋友,我需要衣』。催问、提醒两三次而办成了衣,那很好;如果办不成,可以默默地站着等,最多四次、五次、六次。默默站着等而办成了衣,那很好;如果还办不成,却继续多番催讨才办成衣,犯舍堕。如果办不成,就应当亲自去、或派人去送钱来的那家说『你们为某位比丘送来的买衣钱,对那位比丘没有任何用处,请你们自己收回,别让财物白白损失』。这才是如法的做法。显示巴利原文
Bhikkhuṃ paneva uddissa rājā vā rājabhoggo vā brāhmaṇo vā gahapatiko vā dūtena cīvaracetāpannaṃ pahiṇeyya – ‘iminā cīvaracetāpannena cīvaraṃ cetāpetvā itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ cīvarena acchādehī’ti. So ce dūto taṃ bhikkhuṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadeyya – ‘idaṃ kho, bhante, āyasmantaṃ uddissa cīvaracetāpannaṃ ābhataṃ, paṭiggaṇhātu āyasmā cīvaracetāpanna’nti, tena bhikkhunā so dūto evamassa vacanīyo – ‘na kho mayaṃ, āvuso, cīvaracetāpannaṃ paṭiggaṇhāma. Cīvarañca kho mayaṃ paṭiggaṇhāma, kālena kappiya’nti. So ce dūto taṃ bhikkhuṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘atthi panāyasmato koci veyyāvaccakaro’ti, cīvaratthikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā veyyāvaccakaro niddisitabbo ārāmiko vā upāsako vā – ‘eso kho, āvuso, bhikkhūnaṃ veyyāvaccakaro’ti. So ce dūto taṃ veyyāvaccakaraṃ saññāpetvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadeyya – ‘yaṃ kho, bhante, āyasmā veyyāvaccakaraṃ niddisi saññatto so mayā, upasaṅkamatu āyasmā kālena, cīvarena taṃ acchādessatī’ti, cīvaratthikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā veyyāvaccakaro upasaṅkamitvā dvattikkhattuṃ codetabbo sāretabbo – ‘attho me, āvuso, cīvarenā’ti. Dvattikkhattuṃ codayamāno sārayamāno taṃ cīvaraṃ abhinipphādeyya, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ; no ce abhinipphādeyya, catukkhattuṃpañcakkhattuṃ chakkhattuparamaṃ tuṇhībhūtena uddissa ṭhātabbaṃ. Catukkhattuṃ pañcakkhattuṃ chakkhattuparamaṃ tuṇhībhūto uddissa tiṭṭhamāno taṃ cīvaraṃ abhinipphādeyya, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ; tato ce uttarivāyamamāno taṃ cīvara abhinipphādeyya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. No ce abhinipphādeyya, yatassa cīvaracetāpannaṃ ābhataṃ, tattha sāmaṃ vā gantabbaṃ dūto vā pāhetabbo – ‘yaṃ kho tumhe āyasmanto bhikkhuṃ uddissa cīvaracetāpannaṃ pahiṇittha, na taṃ tassa bhikkhuno kiñci atthaṃ anubhoti, yuñjantāyasmanto sakaṃ, mā vo sakaṃ vinassā’ti, ayaṃ tattha sāmīcī’’ti.
539 为了比丘,即以某位比丘为所缘,想要供养比丘衣。显示巴利原文
ti bhikkhussatthāya, bhikkhuṃ ārammaṇaṃ karitvā , bhikkhuṃ acchādetukāmo.
是指任何治理国家的人。显示巴利原文
nāma yo koci rajjaṃ kāreti.
所谓“王臣”,是指任何依靠国王的饭食和工资而生活的人。显示巴利原文
nāma yo koci rañño bhattavetanāhāro.
所谓“婆罗门”,是指生来就是婆罗门种姓的人。显示巴利原文
nāma jātiyā brāhmaṇo.
所谓“居士”,是指除了国王、王臣、婆罗门之外,其余的人。显示巴利原文
nāma ṭhapetvā rājaṃ rājabhoggaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ avaseso gahapatiko nāma.
所谓“黄金”,或者“熟金”,或者珍珠,或者宝石。显示巴利原文
nāma hiraññaṃ vā suvaṇṇaṃ vā muttā vā maṇi vā.
以亲自在场。显示巴利原文
ti paccupaṭṭhitena.
交换后。显示巴利原文
ti parivattetvā.
如果那位信使去拜访那位比丘后这样说:'尊者,这些是为某位具寿准备的衣资,我们已经带来了。请具寿接受这些衣资。'那位比丘应该这样对信使说:'贤友,我们不接受衣资。我们只接受合适的、在适当时候给的衣。'如果那位信使对比丘这样说:'那具寿有没有哪位执事人呢?'诸比丘,需要衣的比丘可以指定一位执事人,可以是净人,也可以是近事男:'贤友,这位就是诸比丘的执事人。'不能说:'给他吧',或'他会存放起来',或'他会兑换',或'他会买'。显示巴利原文
So ce dūto taṃ bhikkhuṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadeyya – ‘‘idaṃ kho, bhante, āyasmantaṃ uddissa cīvaracetāpannaṃ ābhataṃ. Paṭiggaṇhātu āyasmā cīvaracetāpanna’’nti, tena bhikkhunā so dūto evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘na kho mayaṃ, āvuso, cīvaracetāpannaṃ paṭiggaṇhāma. Cīvarañca kho mayaṃ paṭiggaṇhāma, kālena kappiya’’nti. So ce dūto taṃ bhikkhuṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘‘atthi panāyasmato koci veyyāvaccakaro’’ti? Cīvaratthikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā veyyāvaccakaro niddisitabbo ārāmiko vā upāsako vā – ‘‘eso kho, āvuso , bhikkhūnaṃ veyyāvaccakaro’’ti. Na vattabbo – ‘‘tassa dehīti vā, so vā nikkhipissati, so vā parivattessati, so vā cetāpessatī’’ti.
假如那位使者这样告知那位办事人后,去见了那位比丘,这么说:“尊者,那位具寿指定并告知的办事人,我已经告知他了。请具寿适时去见他,他会成就您的衣。”诸比丘,需要衣的比丘应当去那位办事人那里,提醒他两三次、劝告他两三次,说:“贤友,我需要衣。”不应当说:“给我衣”、“拿衣来”、“帮我交换衣”、“帮我购买衣”。可以第二次这么说,也可以第三次这么说。如果这样能成就,这很好;如果不能成就,比丘就应当去那里,默然地站着,针对这件事明示。不应坐在座位上,不应接受食物,不应说法。如果被问到“你是因为什么原因来的?”应当回答:“贤友,你知道的。”如果坐下,或接受食物,或说法,就破坏了这种站立明示。第二次也应当站着,第三次也应当站着。最多提醒四次,就应站着四次;提醒五次,就应站着两次;提醒六次,就不应再站着了。如果在此之后,他更努力还成就了那件衣,在努力时有恶作罪,得到衣时就成了应舍堕的。应当舍给僧团,或给团体,或给个人。比丘们,应该这样舍:……“尊者,这件衣是我通过超过三次提醒、超过六次站立明示而成就的,是应舍堕的。我将这件衣舍给僧团。”……“应给与。”……“应给与。”……“我给与具寿。”显示巴利原文
So ce dūto taṃ veyyāvaccakaraṃ saññāpetvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadeyya – ‘‘yaṃ kho, bhante, āyasmā veyyāvaccakaraṃ niddisi saññatto so mayā. Upasaṅkamatu āyasmā kālena, cīvarena taṃ acchādessatī’’ti, cīvaratthikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā veyyāvaccakaro upasaṅkamitvā dvattikkhattuṃ codetabbo sāretabbo – ‘‘attho me, āvuso, cīvarenā’’ti. Na vattabbo – ‘‘dehi me cīvaraṃ, āhara me cīvaraṃ, parivattehi me cīvaraṃ, cetāpehi me cīvara’’nti. Dutiyampi vattabbo. Tatiyampi vattabbo. Sace abhinipphādeti, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ; no ce abhinipphādeti, tattha gantvā tuṇhībhūtena uddissa ṭhātabbaṃ. Na āsane nisīditabbaṃ. Na āmisaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ. Na dhammo bhāsitabbo. ‘‘Kiṃ kāraṇā āgatosī’’ti pucchiyamāno ‘‘jānāhi, āvuso’’ti vattabbo. Sace āsane vā nisīdati , āmisaṃ vā paṭiggaṇhāti, dhammaṃ vā bhāsati, ṭhānaṃ bhañjati. Dutiyampi ṭhātabbaṃ. Tatiyampi ṭhātabbaṃ. Catukkhattuṃ codetvā catukkhattuṃ ṭhātabbaṃ. Pañcakkhatuṃ codetvā dvikkhattuṃ ṭhātabbaṃ. Chakkhattuṃ codetvā na ṭhātabbaṃ. Tato ce uttari vāyamamāno taṃ cīvaraṃ abhinipphādeti, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me , bhante, cīvaraṃ atirekatikkhattuṃ codanāya atirekachakkhattuṃ ṭhānena abhinipphāditaṃ nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
如果这样还不能成就,那么那位比丘应亲自前往那些把作衣的资具送来给他的人们那里,或者派一位使者去,说:“诸位贤者,你们为了比丘而送来的作衣资具,并没有给那位比丘带来任何好处。请贤者们取回你们自己的财物,不要让你们自己的财物损失。”显示巴利原文
No ce abhinipphādeyya, yatassa cīvaracetāpannaṃ ābhataṃ tattha sāmaṃ vā gantabbaṃ dūto vā pāhetabbo – ‘‘yaṃ kho tumhe āyasmanto bhikkhuṃ uddissa cīvaracetāpannaṃ pahiṇittha na taṃ tassa bhikkhuno kiñci atthaṃ anubhoti. Yuñjantāyasmanto sakaṃ, mā vo sakaṃ vinassā’’ti.
这是那里的随顺法性。显示巴利原文
ti ayaṃ tattha anudhammatā.
540 对于通过超过三次提醒、超过六次站立明示而成就衣,如果是有超过想,犯舍堕波逸提;如果是怀疑,犯舍堕波逸提;如果是少于想,犯舍堕波逸提。显示巴利原文
Atirekatikkhattuṃ codanāya atirekachakkhattuṃ ṭhānena atirekasaññī abhinipphādeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Atirekatikkhattuṃ codanāya atirekachakkhattuṃ ṭhānena vematiko abhinipphādeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Atirekatikkhattuṃ codanāya atirekachakkhattuṃ ṭhānena ūnakasaññī abhinipphādeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
对于通过不足三次提醒、不足六次站立明示而成就衣,如果是有超过想,犯恶作;如果是怀疑,犯恶作;如果是少于想,无犯。显示巴利原文
Ūnakatikkhattuṃ codanāya ūnakachakkhattuṃ ṭhānena atirekasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakatikkhattuṃ codanāya ūnakachakkhattuṃ ṭhānena vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakatikkhattuṃ codanāya ūnakachakkhattuṃ ṭhānena ūnakasaññī anāpatti.
541 无犯的情况有:经过三次提醒、六次站立明示;不足三次提醒、不足六次站立明示;没有被提醒而给予;物主们主动提醒后给予;精神失常者;最初的犯行者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – tikkhattuṃ codanāya, chakkhattuṃ ṭhānena, ūnakatikkhattuṃ codanāya, ūnakachakkhattuṃ ṭhānena, acodiyamāno deti, sāmikā codetvā denti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
已出迦絺那三事,洗濯以及受持;
非亲族三事,以及两使者事。
显示巴利原文 Ubbhataṃ kathinaṃ tīṇi, dhovanañca paṭiggaho; Aññātakāni tīṇeva, ubhinnaṃ dūtakena cāti.
2. 蚕丝品显示巴利原文
2. Kosiyavaggo
1. 蚕丝学处显示巴利原文
1. Kosiyasikkhāpadaṃ
542 那时,佛陀世尊住在阿腊维的阿伽拉瓦塔庙里。当时,六群比丘去找那些做蚕丝的人,对他们这么说:“朋友们,你们多养些蚕虫吧,也给我们一些,我们也想要做掺有蚕丝的坐毯。”那些人就抱怨、批评、指责说:“这些沙门释迦子怎么好意思来找我们,说出这样的话——‘朋友们,你们多养些蚕虫吧,也给我们一些,我们也想要做掺有蚕丝的坐毯!’我们真是没利益,我们真是倒霉,为了生计、为了老婆孩子,我们要让这么多小生命遭到杀害。”诸比丘听到了那些人在抱怨、批评、指责。那些少欲比丘……也抱怨、批评、指责说:“六群比丘怎么好意思去找做蚕丝的人,说出这样的话——‘朋友们,你们多养些蚕虫吧,也给我们一些,我们也想要做掺有蚕丝的坐毯!’”于是,这些比丘用了各种方式呵责六群比丘之后,就把这件事禀告了世尊。……“诸比丘,听说你们真的去找做蚕丝的人,这样说了:‘朋友们,你们多养些蚕虫吧,也给我们一些,我们也想要做掺有蚕丝的坐毯’吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责说……“愚痴人,你们怎么好意思去找做蚕丝的人,这样说话——朋友们,你们多养些蚕虫吧,也给我们一些,我们也想要做掺有蚕丝的坐毯。愚痴人,这不能使没有信心的人生起信心……那么,诸比丘,你们应该这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā āḷaviyaṃ viharati aggāḷave cetiye. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū kosiyakārake upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadanti – ‘‘bahū, āvuso, kosakārake pacatha, amhākampi dassatha, mayampi icchāma kosiyamissakaṃ santhataṃ kātu’’nti. Te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā amhe upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vakkhanti – ‘bahū, āvuso, kosakārake pacatha, amhākampi dassatha, mayampi icchāma kosiyamissakaṃ santhataṃ kātu’nti! Amhākampi alābhā, amhākampi dulladdhaṃ, ye mayaṃ ājīvassa hetu puttadārassa kāraṇā bahū khuddake pāṇe saṅghātaṃ āpādemā’’ti. Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū kosiyakārake upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vakkhanti – ‘bahū, āvuso, kosakārake pacatha, amhākampi dassatha, mayampi icchāma kosiyamissakaṃ santhataṃ kātu’’’nti! Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, kosiyakārake upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadetha – ‘bahū, āvuso, kosakārake pacatha, amhākampi dassatha, mayampi icchāma kosiyamissakaṃ santhataṃ kātu’’’nti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, kosiyakārake upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vakkhatha – bahū, āvuso, kosakārake pacatha, amhākampi dassatha, mayampi icchāma kosiyamissakaṃ santhataṃ kātunti. Netaṃ , moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
543 任何比丘,做掺有蚕丝的卧具,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Yo pana bhikkhu kosiyamissakaṃ santhataṃ kārāpeyya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
544 ……那个……所谓比丘,是指像这样的……比丘,就是在这个意义上的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
坐毯,是指做好了但不经纺织的那种。显示巴利原文
nāma santharitvā kataṃ hoti avāyimaṃ.
所谓蚕丝掺杂,是指哪怕用一根蚕丝混在里面做,或者叫人做,在做的时候是恶作罪。当得到那东西时,就是舍堕罪。应该舍给僧团,或者一个团体,或者一个人。那么,诸比丘,应该这样舍:……‘尊者,这个我叫人做的掺有蚕丝的坐毯,是舍堕罪。我现在把它舍给僧团。’……应该给……应该给……‘我给这位具寿。’显示巴利原文
ti ekenapi kosiyaṃsunā missitvā karoti vā kārāpeti vā, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabba…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, kosiyamissakaṃ santhataṃ kārāpitaṃ nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
545 自己开了头,自己把它做完,舍堕罪。自己开了头,叫别人把它做完,舍堕罪。别人开了头,自己把它做完,舍堕罪。别人开了头,叫别人把它做完,舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Attanā vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Attanā vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Parehi vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Parehi vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
为别人做或者叫人做,犯恶作。用别人做的获得后使用,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Aññassatthāya karoti vā kārāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa . Aññena kataṃ paṭilabhitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
546 无犯:做顶篷、铺地布、布围墙、褥垫或枕头;精神失常者;最初犯行者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti vitānaṃ vā bhūmattharaṇaṃ vā sāṇipākāraṃ vā bhisiṃ vā bibbohanaṃ vā karoti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
2. 纯黑羊毛学处显示巴利原文
2. Suddhakāḷakasikkhāpadaṃ
547 那时,佛陀世尊住在毗舍离大林的重阁讲堂。当时,六群比丘叫人做纯黑羊毛的敷具。人们在寺院间游行时看到后,非难、批评、指责说:“沙门释迦子怎么能叫人做纯黑羊毛的敷具呢?就像在家享乐的人一样!”诸比丘听到了那些人的非难、批评、指责。那些少欲比丘……非难、批评、指责说:“六群比丘怎么能叫人做纯黑羊毛的敷具呢!”接着,那些比丘用种种方式呵责了六群比丘,把这件事告诉了世尊……“诸比丘,你们真的叫人做了纯黑羊毛的敷具吗?”“是的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责……“愚痴的人们,你们怎么能叫人做纯黑羊毛的敷具呢!愚痴的人们,这不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū suddhakāḷakānaṃ eḷakalomānaṃ santhataṃ kārāpenti. Manussā vihāracārikaṃ āhiṇḍantā passitvā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā suddhakāḷakānaṃ eḷakalomānaṃ santhataṃ kārāpessanti, seyyathāpi gihī kāmabhogino’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū suddhakāḷakānaṃ eḷakalomānaṃ santhataṃ kārāpessantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, suddhakāḷakānaṃ eḷakalomānaṃ santhataṃ kārāpethā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, suddhakāḷakānaṃ eḷakalomānaṃ santhataṃ kārāpessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
548 任何比丘,用纯黑羊毛做卧具,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Yo pana bhikkhu suddhakāḷakānaṃ eḷakalomānaṃ santhataṃ kārāpeyya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
549 所谓“比丘”,即凡是……(略)……这就是此处所指的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓“黑色(羊毛)”,有两种:天然的黑色,或染成的黑色。显示巴利原文
nāma dve kāḷakāni – jātiyā kāḷakaṃ vā rajanakāḷakaṃ vā.
所谓已铺设而作,是未织成的。显示巴利原文
nāma santharitvā kataṃ hoti avāyimaṃ.
亲手做或叫人做,在制作的过程中犯恶作。得到时,便成舍堕罪。应当舍给僧团、或给众、或给人。而且,诸比丘,应该这样舍出:……“尊者,这个用纯黑羊毛做成、已叫人做好的垫子,是我该舍出的。我把这个舍给僧团”……“应给”……“应给”……“我给具寿”。显示巴利原文
ti karoti vā kārāpeti vā, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ …pe… idaṃ me, bhante, suddhakāḷakānaṃ eḷakalomānaṃ santhataṃ kārāpitaṃ nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
550 自己没做完的,自己把它完成,舍堕波逸提。自己没做完的,叫别人把它完成,舍堕波逸提。别人没做完的,自己把它完成,舍堕波逸提。别人没做完的,叫别人把它完成,舍堕波逸提。显示巴利原文
Attanā vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Attanā vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Parehi vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Parehi vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
为别人而做、或叫人做,犯恶作。接受别人做好的拿来用,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Aññassatthāya karoti vā kārāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññena kataṃ paṭilabhitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
551 无犯的情况是:做顶篷、地铺、帷幕、床垫或枕头时;疯癫者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti vitānaṃ vā bhūmattharaṇaṃ vā sāṇipākāraṃ vā bhisiṃ vā bibbohanaṃ vā karoti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
3. 三分之二羊毛学处显示巴利原文
3. Dvebhāgasikkhāpadaṃ
552 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,六群比丘心想:“世尊禁止叫人做纯黑羊毛的垫子”,他们只取一点点白色在边上,照样叫人做纯黑羊毛的垫子。那些少欲比丘……非难、责备、呵斥说:“六群比丘怎么可以只取一点点白色在边上,照样叫人做纯黑羊毛的垫子呢!”于是,那些比丘用种种方式呵责六群比丘之后,把这件事禀告世尊……“诸比丘,你们真的只取一点点白色在边上,照样叫人做纯黑羊毛的垫子吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责……“愚痴的人们,你们怎么可以只取一点点白色在边上,照样叫人做纯黑羊毛的垫子呢!愚痴的人们,这不能让没信心的人生起信心……诸比丘,你们应该这样诵这个学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū – ‘‘bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṃ suddhakāḷakānaṃ eḷakalomānaṃ santhataṃ kārāpetu’’nti, te thokaṃyeva odātaṃ ante ādiyitvā tatheva suddhakāḷakānaṃ eḷakalomānaṃ santhataṃ kārāpenti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū thokaṃyeva odātaṃ ante ādiyitvā tatheva suddhakāḷakānaṃ eḷakalomānaṃ santhataṃ kārāpessantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, thokaṃyeva odātaṃ ante ādiyitvā tatheva suddhakāḷakānaṃ eḷakalomānaṃ santhataṃ kārāpethā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, thokaṃyeva odātaṃ ante ādiyitvā tatheva suddhakāḷakānaṃ eḷakalomānaṃ santhataṃ kārāpessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
553 比丘做新卧具,应当取两分纯黑羊毛、第三分白羊毛、第四分杂色羊毛。如果比丘不按两分黑、第三分白、第四分杂色来取,就做新卧具,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Navaṃ pana bhikkhunā santhataṃ kārayamānena dve bhāgā suddhakāḷakānaṃ eḷakalomānaṃ ādātabbā tatiyaṃ odātānaṃ catutthaṃ gocariyānaṃ . Anādā ce bhikkhu dve bhāge suddhakāḷakānaṃ eḷakalomānaṃ tatiyaṃ odātānaṃ catutthaṃ gocariyānaṃ navaṃ santhataṃ kārāpeyya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
554 被称为,是因这个制作而得名。显示巴利原文
nāma karaṇaṃ upādāya vuccati.
叫做‘敷具’,是把它铺开来做成的,不是……显示巴利原文
nāma santharitvā kataṃ hoti avāyimaṃ.
……自己做,或是叫别人做。显示巴利原文
ti karonto vā kārāpento vā.
……称好重量后,要取两份。显示巴利原文
ti dhārayitvā dve tulā ādātabbā.
……白色的羊毛一份。显示巴利原文
nti tulaṃ odātānaṃ.
……褐色的羊毛一份。显示巴利原文
nti tulaṃ gocariyānaṃ.
不取两份纯黑羊毛、一份白羊毛、一份褐羊毛,就做新敷具——自己做也好,叫别人做也好,在做的时候犯恶作,拿到手就犯舍堕。必须舍给僧团,或舍给一个小组,或舍给一位比丘。诸比丘,应该这样舍:……‘尊者,我这个敷具,是没有取两份纯黑羊毛、一份白羊毛、一份褐羊毛就叫人做的,是舍堕物。我把它舍给僧团。’……(僧团)应该给还……‘给还给这位尊者。’显示巴利原文
nti. Anādiyitvā dve tule suddhakāḷakānaṃ eḷakalomānaṃ tulaṃ odātānaṃ tulaṃ gocariyānaṃ navaṃ santhataṃ karoti vā kārāpeti vā payoge dukkaṭaṃ, paṭilābhena nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, santhataṃ anādiyitvā dve tule suddhakāḷakānaṃ eḷakalomānaṃ tulaṃ odātānaṃ tulaṃ gocariyānaṃ kārāpitaṃ nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
555 自己开了头,自己把它完成,舍堕。自己开了头,由别人完成,舍堕。别人开了头,自己把它完成,舍堕。别人开了头,由别人完成,舍堕。显示巴利原文
Attanā vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Attanā vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Parehi vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ . Parehi vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
替别人做,或叫别人替别人做,犯恶作。拿到别人做的敷具拿来用,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Aññassatthāya karoti vā kārāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññena kataṃ paṭilabhitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
556 不犯条款:用一量白色羊毛、一量普通羊毛掺杂制作;用大量白色羊毛、大量普通羊毛掺杂制作;用纯白色羊毛、纯普通羊毛制作;做帷幕、地毯、屏风、床垫、枕头;精神失常者、最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti tulaṃ odātānaṃ tulaṃ gocariyānaṃ ādiyitvā karoti, bahutaraṃ odātānaṃ bahutaraṃ gocariyānaṃ ādiyitvā karoti, suddhaṃ odātānaṃ suddhaṃ gocariyānaṃ ādiyitvā karoti, vitānaṃ vā bhūmattharaṇaṃ vā sāṇipākāraṃ vā bhisiṃ vā bibbohanaṃ vā karoti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
4. 六年学处显示巴利原文
4. Chabbassasikkhāpadaṃ
557 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。当时,诸比丘每年都让人做敷具。他们经常乞求、经常讨要,说道:“请给些羊毛吧,我们需要羊毛。”人们责备、批评、非议说:“这些释迦子沙门,怎么能每年都让人做敷具,还经常乞求、经常讨要地说‘请给些羊毛吧,我们需要羊毛’呢!我们做的敷具,一次就能用上五六年,期间小孩们会尿湿它、沾污它,老鼠也会啃咬它。而这些释迦子沙门,却每年都让人做敷具,经常乞求、经常讨要地说‘请给些羊毛吧,我们需要羊毛’!”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū anuvassaṃ santhataṃ kārāpenti. Te yācanabahulā viññattibahulā viharanti – ‘‘eḷakalomāni detha. Eḷakalomehi attho’’ti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā anuvassaṃ santhataṃ kārāpessanti, yācanabahulā viññattibahulā viharissanti – ‘eḷakalomāni detha, eḷakalomehi attho’’’ti! Amhākaṃ pana sakiṃ katāni santhatāni pañcapi chapi vassāni honti, yesaṃ no dārakā uhadantipi ummihantipi undūrehipi khajjanti. Ime pana samaṇā sakyaputtiyā anuvassaṃ santhataṃ kārāpenti, yācanabahulā viññattibahulā viharanti – ‘‘eḷakalomāni detha, eḷakalomehi attho’’ti!
那些比丘们听到了人们的责备、批评和非议。那些少欲……的诸比丘,也责备、批评、非议说:“诸比丘怎么能每年都让人做敷具,还经常乞求、经常讨要地说‘请给些羊毛吧,我们需要羊毛’呢!”于是,那些比丘以种种方式呵责了那些比丘后,将此事报告给世尊……世尊问道:“诸比丘,听说你们确实每年都让人做敷具,经常乞求、经常讨要地说‘请给些羊毛吧,我们需要羊毛’,这是真的吗?”他们回答说:“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责说……“诸比丘,这些愚痴人怎么能每年都让人做敷具,经常乞求、经常讨要地说‘请给些羊毛吧,我们需要羊毛’呢!诸比丘,这不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出此学处——显示巴利原文
Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhū anuvassaṃ santhataṃ kārāpessanti, yācanabahulā viññattibahulā viharissanti – ‘eḷakalomāni detha, eḷakalomehi attho’’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū te anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū anuvassaṃ santhataṃ kārāpenti, yācanabahulā viññattibahulā viharanti – ‘eḷakalomāni detha, eḷakalomehi attho’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā anuvassaṃ santhataṃ kārāpessanti, yācanabahulā viññattibahulā viharissanti – ‘eḷakalomāni detha, eḷakalomehi attho’ti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
558 任何比丘,做了新卧具后,应当用满六年。如果不到六年,无论是否舍弃原来的卧具,又另做新卧具,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
nti.
当时,世尊就这样为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
559 那时,有位比丘在果萨比生病了。他的亲属派了信使到那位比丘那里去,说:“尊者,请您来吧,我们来照顾您。”诸比丘也这样对他说:“贤友,去吧,亲属们会照顾你的。”他却这样回答:“贤友们,世尊制定了学处:‘任何比丘做了新敷具后,应使用满六年。’而我是个病人,我没办法带着敷具离开。我没有敷具又不舒服。我不去了。”诸比丘把这事报告给世尊。于是,世尊借着这个因缘、借着这件事情,作了佛法开示后,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我允许给生病的比丘敷具豁免许可。而诸比丘,应当这样给:那位生病的比丘,应到僧团那里,偏袒上衣,顶礼上座诸比丘的足,蹲踞坐下,合掌,应当这样说:‘尊者,我生病了,没办法带着敷具离开。尊者,我向僧团乞求敷具豁免许可。’应当乞求第二次。应当乞求第三次。然后,应由一位能干、胜任的比丘向僧团提出动议:显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu kosambiyaṃ gilāno hoti. Ñātakā tassa bhikkhuno santike dūtaṃ pāhesuṃ – ‘‘āgacchatu, bhadanto mayaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmā’’ti. Bhikkhūpi evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘gacchāvuso, ñātakā taṃ upaṭṭhahissantī’’ti. So evamāha – ‘‘bhagavatā, āvuso, sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ – ‘navaṃ pana bhikkhunā santhataṃ kārāpetvā chabbassāni dhāretabba’nti. Ahañcamhi gilāno, na sakkomi santhataṃ ādāya pakkamituṃ. Mayhañca vinā santhatā na phāsu hoti. Nāhaṃ gamissāmī’’ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānassa bhikkhuno santhatasammutiṃ dātuṃ. Evañca pana , bhikkhave, dātabbā. Tena gilānena bhikkhunā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘ahaṃ, bhante, gilāno. Na sakkomi santhataṃ ādāya pakkamituṃ. Sohaṃ, bhante, saṅghaṃ santhatasammutiṃ yācāmī’ti. Dutiyampi yācitabbā. Tatiyampi yācitabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
560 ‘尊者,请僧团听我说。这位名为某某的比丘生病了,他没办法带着敷具离开。他向僧团乞求敷具豁免许可。如果僧团认为时机适宜,僧团就给予这位名为某某的比丘敷具豁免许可。这是动议。’显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu gilāno. Na sakkoti santhataṃ ādāya pakkamituṃ. So saṅghaṃ santhatasammutiṃ yācati. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho itthannāmassa bhikkhuno santhatasammutiṃ dadeyya. Esā ñatti.
“尊者,请僧团听我说:这位名为某甲的比丘身患重病,无法带着敷具出行。他向僧团请求敷具的许可。僧团现在给予某甲比丘敷具的许可。哪位尊者同意僧团给予某甲比丘敷具的许可,请保持沉默;哪位尊者不同意,请说出来。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho . Ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu gilāno. Na sakkoti santhataṃ ādāya pakkamituṃ. So saṅghaṃ santhatasammutiṃ yācati. Saṅgho itthannāmassa bhikkhuno santhatasammutiṃ deti. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno santhatasammutiyā dānaṃ, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“僧团已经给予某甲比丘敷具的许可。此事僧团认可,因此默然。我就这样持守。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Dinnā saṅghena itthannāmassa bhikkhuno santhatasammuti. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
“诸比丘,你们应当这样诵持这部学处——”显示巴利原文
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
561 比丘做了新卧具后,应当用满六年。如果不到六年,无论是否舍弃原来的卧具,又另做新卧具,除非得到僧团许可,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Navaṃ pana bhikkhunā santhataṃ kārāpetvā chabbassāni dhāretabbaṃ. Orena ce channaṃ vassānaṃ taṃ santhataṃ vissajjetvā vā avissajjetvā vā aññaṃ navaṃ santhataṃ kārāpeyya, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā , nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
562 “名为,是就造作而说的。”显示巴利原文
nāma karaṇaṃ upādāya vuccati.
“名为‘敷具’,是指铺开而作成的,是不可拆分的。”显示巴利原文
nāma santharitvā kataṃ hoti avāyimaṃ.
“或是自己作,或是指使他人作。”显示巴利原文
ti karitvā vā kārāpetvā vā.
“应持守最多六年。”显示巴利原文
nti chabbassaparamatā dhāretabbaṃ.
不足六年。显示巴利原文
nti ūnakachabbassāni.
给了其他人。显示巴利原文
ti aññesaṃ datvā.
没给任何人。显示巴利原文
ti na kassaci datvā.
除了比丘僧团的许可,他新做一条新的卧垫布,或叫人新做,在准备过程中犯恶作;得到时,成为舍堕。应舍给僧团、或小组、或个人。诸比丘,应这样舍:「尊者,我这条做过不足六年的卧垫布,没有僧团许可就让人做了,是舍堕。我现在把它舍给僧团。」……应交还……说「交还」……「我给具寿」。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā bhikkhusammutiṃ aññaṃ navaṃ santhataṃ karoti vā kārāpeti vā, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, santhataṃ ūnakachabbassāni kārāpitaṃ, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
563 自己开始做的,自己完成,舍堕波逸提。自己开始做的,别人完成,舍堕波逸提。别人开始做的,自己完成,舍堕波逸提。别人开始做的,别人完成,舍堕波逸提。显示巴利原文
Attanā vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Attanā vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ . Parehi vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Parehi vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
564 没有犯戒的情况:做够六年的、做超过六年的、为别人做或叫人做、拿到别人做好后受用的、做顶篷、地垫、布幕、褥垫或枕头、有僧团许可的、精神失常者、最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti chabbassāni karoti, atirekachabbassāni karoti, aññassatthāya karoti vā kārāpeti vā, aññena kataṃ paṭilabhitvā paribhuñjati , vitānaṃ vā bhūmattharaṇaṃ vā sāṇipākāraṃ vā bhisiṃ vā bibbohanaṃ vā karoti, bhikkhusammutiyā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
5. 坐垫布学处显示巴利原文
5. Nisīdanasanthatasikkhāpadaṃ
565 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,世尊对诸比丘说:「诸比丘,我想在雨安居独自静修三个月。除了一个送饭的人外,谁也不许来我这里。」「是的,世尊,」诸比丘这样回答后,确实没有一个人去靠近世尊,除了那个送饭的。那时,舍卫城的僧团定下了一条共约:「贤友们,世尊想在雨安居独自静修三个月。除了一个送饭的,谁都不许靠近世尊。谁靠近世尊,就应该让他忏波逸提。」那时,具寿优波先那·优波先那,带着他的随众,前往世尊那里。到了以后,向世尊行礼,坐在一旁。其实,佛陀世尊们对客比丘问候一下,这是惯例。于是世尊对具寿优波先那·优波先那说:「优波先那,你还好吗?顶得住吗?一路来得累不累啊?」「世尊,还行,顶得住。我们没怎么费力就走完了这条路,世尊。」显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, bhikkhave, temāsaṃ paṭisallīyituṃ. Namhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo, aññatra ekena piṇḍapātanīhārakenā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante,’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā nāssudha koci bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamati, aññatra ekena piṇḍapātanīhārakena. Tena kho pana samayena sāvatthiyā saṅghena katikā katā hoti – ‘‘icchatāvuso, bhagavā temāsaṃ paṭisallīyituṃ. Na bhagavā kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo , aññatra ekena piṇḍapātanīhārakena. Yo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamati so pācittiyaṃ desāpetabbo’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā upaseno vaṅgantaputto, sapariso yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Āciṇṇaṃ kho panetaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ āgantukehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ paṭisammodituṃ. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ upasenaṃ vaṅgantaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kacci vo, upasena, khamanīyaṃ kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kaccittha appakilamathena addhānaṃ āgatā’’ti? ‘‘Khamanīyaṃ , bhagavā, yāpanīyaṃ, bhagavā. Appakilamathena ca mayaṃ, bhante, addhānaṃ āgatā’’ti.
那时,具寿优波先那·优波先那的共住弟子比丘,正坐在离世尊不远的地方。于是,世尊对那位比丘说:“比丘,你觉得粪扫衣可意吗?”“尊者,我并不觉得粪扫衣可意。”“那你为什么是个穿粪扫衣的呢?”“尊者,我的亲教师是穿粪扫衣的,所以我也就成了穿粪扫衣的。”于是,世尊对具寿优波先那·优波先那说:“优波先那,你这徒众真是令人悦意。你是怎样教导徒众的呢?”“尊者,如果有人向我请求具足戒,我就对他说:‘贤友,我是住在林野的、常乞食的、穿粪扫衣的。如果你也能成为住在林野的、常乞食的、穿粪扫衣的,那我就为你授具足戒。’如果他答应,我就为他授;如果他不答应,我就不授。如果有人向我请求依止,我也是这样对他说。尊者,我就是这样教导徒众的。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato upasenassa vaṅgantaputtassa saddhivihāriko bhikkhu bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti. Atha kho bhagavā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘manāpāni te, bhikkhu, paṃsukūlānī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho me, bhante, manāpāni paṃsukūlānī’’ti. ‘‘Kissa pana tvaṃ, bhikkhu, paṃsukūliko’’ti? ‘‘Upajjhāyo me, bhante, paṃsukūliko. Evaṃ ahampi paṃsukūliko’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ upasenaṃ vaṅgantaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘pāsādikā kho tyāyaṃ, upasena, parisā. Kathaṃ tvaṃ, upasena, parisaṃ vinesī’’ti? ‘‘Yo maṃ, bhante, upasampadaṃ yācati tamahaṃ evaṃ vadāmi – ‘ahaṃ kho, āvuso, āraññiko piṇḍapātiko paṃsukūliko. Sace tvampi āraññiko bhavissasi piṇḍapātiko paṃsukūliko, evāhaṃ taṃ upasampādessāmī’ti. Sace me paṭissuṇāti upasampādemi, no ce me paṭissuṇāti na upasampādemi. Yo maṃ nissayaṃ yācati tamahaṃ evaṃ vadāmi – ‘ahaṃ kho, āvuso, āraññiko piṇḍapātiko paṃsukūliko. Sace tvampi āraññiko bhavissasi piṇḍapātiko paṃsukūliko, evāhaṃ te nissayaṃ dassāmī’ti. Sace me paṭissuṇāti nissayaṃ demi, no ce me paṭissuṇāti na nissayaṃ demi. Evaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, parisaṃ vinemī’’ti.
“善哉,善哉,优波先那。优波先那,你教导徒众教导得好。不过,优波先那,你知道舍卫城僧团的约定吗?”“尊者,我不知道舍卫城僧团的约定。”“优波先那,舍卫城的僧团作了这样的约定:‘贤友们,世尊想独处三个月。除了那位送食物的以外,任何人不得去见世尊。谁去见了世尊,就应当叫他忏悔波逸提。’”“尊者,舍卫城的僧团自然会知道他们自己的约定。我们是不会去制定还没制定的学处,也不会去废除已经制定的学处;我们会依止着已经制定下来的那些学处来奉行。”“善哉,善哉,优波先那。确实不应制定还没制定的,也不应废除已经制定的,应当依止着已制定的学处来奉行。优波先那,我允许那些住在林野的、常乞食的、穿粪扫衣的比丘,可以随他们的意愿来见我。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, upasena. Sādhu kho tvaṃ, upasena, parisaṃ vinesi . Jānāsi pana tvaṃ, upasena, sāvatthiyā saṅghassa katika’’nti? ‘‘Na kho ahaṃ, bhante, jānāmi sāvatthiyā saṅghassa katika’’nti. ‘‘Sāvatthiyā kho, upasena, saṅghena katikā katā – ‘icchatāvuso, bhagavā temāsaṃ paṭisallīyituṃ. Na bhagavā kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo, aññatra ekena piṇḍapātanīhārakena. Yo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamati so pācittiyaṃ desāpetabbo’ti. ‘‘Paññāyissati, bhante, sāvatthiyā saṅgho sakāya katikāya, na mayaṃ apaññattaṃ paññapessāma paññattaṃ vā na samucchindissāma, yathāpaññattesu sikkhāpadesu samādāya vattissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu sādhu, upasena, apaññattaṃ na paññapetabbaṃ, paññattaṃ vā na samucchinditabbaṃ, yathāpaññattesu sikkhāpadesu samādāya vattitabbaṃ. Anujānāmi, upasena, ye te bhikkhū āraññikā piṇḍapātikā paṃsukūlikā yathāsukhaṃ maṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamantū’’ti.
566 那时,有一些比丘站在外门边,心里想:“我们要让具寿优波先那·优波先那去忏悔波逸提。”而这时,具寿优波先那·优波先那正带着他的徒众站起来,礼敬世尊,右绕之后便离开了。那些比丘就对具寿优波先那·优波先那说:“贤友优波先那,你知道舍卫城僧团的约定吗?”“贤友们,世尊刚才也这样问我:‘优波先那,你知道舍卫城僧团的约定吗?’ 我说:‘尊者,我不知道舍卫城僧团的约定。’” “优波先那,舍卫城的僧团作了这样的约定:‘贤友们,世尊想独处三个月。除了那位送食物的以外,任何人不得去见世尊。谁去见了世尊,就应当叫他忏悔波逸提。’” “我说:‘尊者,舍卫城的僧团自然会知道他们自己的约定。我们是不会去制定还没制定的,也不会去废除已经制定的。我们会依止着已经制定下来的那些学处来奉行。贤友们,世尊已经允许了:“那些住在林野的、常乞食的、穿粪扫衣的比丘,可以随他们的意愿来见我。”’”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū bahidvārakoṭṭhake ṭhitā honti – ‘‘mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ upasenaṃ vaṅgantaputtaṃ pācittiyaṃ desāpessāmā’’ti . Atha kho āyasmā upaseno vaṅgantaputto sapariso uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ upasenaṃ vaṅgantaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘jānāsi tvaṃ, āvuso upasena, sāvatthiyā saṅghassa katika’’nti. ‘‘Bhagavāpi maṃ, āvuso, evamāha – ‘jānāsi pana tvaṃ, upasena, sāvatthiyā saṅghassa katika’nti? Na kho ahaṃ, bhante, jānāmi sāvatthiyā saṅghassa katika’’nti. ‘‘Sāvatthiyā kho, upasena, saṅghena katikā katā – icchatāvuso, bhagavā temāsaṃ paṭisallīyituṃ. Na bhagavā kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo, aññatra ekena piṇḍapātanīhārakena. Yo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamati so pācittiyaṃ desāpetabbo’’ti. ‘‘Paññāyissati, bhante, sāvatthiyā saṅgho sakāya katikāya, na mayaṃ apaññattaṃ paññapessāma paññattaṃ vā na samucchindissāma, yathāpaññattesu sikkhāpadesu samādāya vattissāmāti. Anuññātāvuso, bhagavatā – ‘ye te bhikkhū āraññikā piṇḍapātikā paṃsukūlikā yathāsukhaṃ maṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamantū’’’ti.
那些比丘听了,心想:“具寿优波先那说得没错——不应制定还没制定的,不应废除已制定的,应当依止着已制定的学处来奉行。”后来诸比丘听说世尊确实允许了:“那些住在林野的、常乞食的、穿粪扫衣的比丘,可以随他们的意愿来见我。”于是,这些比丘因为渴望见到世尊,就把坐卧具丢得到处都是,然后开始受持“林野住支”“常乞食支”“粪扫衣支”。世尊和众多比丘一起巡视僧房时,看见坐卧具被到处乱丢。看过后,世尊对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,这些到处被丢弃的坐卧具是谁的?”诸比丘便将事情的经过告诉了世尊。于是,世尊便以这件事为因缘、为由头,讲了与法相关的开示,然后对诸比丘说:“那么,诸比丘,我就要为诸比丘制定学处了,这是基于十种理由:为了僧团的良好状态,为了僧团的安乐……乃至……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵读这条学处:显示巴利原文
Atha kho te bhikkhū – ‘‘saccaṃ kho āyasmā upaseno āha – ‘na apaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, paññattaṃ vā na samucchinditabbaṃ, yathāpaññattesu sikkhāpadesu samādāya vattitabba’’’nti. Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū – ‘‘anuññātā kira bhagavatā – ‘ye te bhikkhū āraññikā piṇḍapātikā paṃsukūlikā yathāsukhaṃ maṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamantū’’’ti. Te bhagavantaṃ dassanaṃ pihentā santhatāni ujjhitvā āraññikaṅgaṃ piṇḍapātikaṅgaṃ paṃsukūlikaṅgaṃ samādiyiṃsu. Atha kho bhagavā sambahulehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ senāsanacārikaṃ āhiṇḍanto addasa santhatāni tahaṃ tahaṃ ujjhitāni. Passitvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘kassimāni, bhikkhave, santhatāni tahaṃ tahaṃ ujjhitānī’’ti? Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapessāmi dasa atthavase paṭicca – saṅghasuṭṭhutāya, saṅghaphāsutāya,…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
567 比丘做坐垫时,应当从旧坐垫的边缘取一佛张手见方的料缝上去,好让新坐垫显旧。如果比丘不取旧坐垫边缘一佛张手的料,就做新坐垫,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Nisīdanasanthataṃpana bhikkhunā kārayamānena purāṇasanthatassa sāmantā sugatavidatthi ādātabbā dubbaṇṇakaraṇāya, anādā ce bhikkhu purāṇasanthatassa sāmantā sugatavidatthiṃ navaṃ nisīdanasanthataṃ kārāpeyya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
568 所谓“坐具(坐垫布)”,是指带边(有流苏)的。显示巴利原文
nāma sadasaṃ vuccati.
所谓“展开而作成”,是指不是纺织而成的。显示巴利原文
nāma santharitvā kataṃ hoti avāyimaṃ.
自己亲手做,或者叫别人做。显示巴利原文
ti karonto vā kārāpento vā.
就是穿过一次,或者搭过一次。显示巴利原文
nāma sakiṃ nivatthampi sakiṃ pārutampi.
为了让它牢固,应当剪成圆形或四方形后铺开;或应于一处铺开。显示巴利原文
ti thirabhāvāya vaṭṭaṃ vā caturassaṃ vā chinditvā ekadese vā santharitabbaṃ vijaṭetvā vā santharitabbaṃ.
意思是不取旧坐垫的边缘周边一善逝搩手,自己做新坐垫或者叫人做。在制作的每一个动作中犯恶作罪;拿到坐垫时,犯舍堕罪。应当舍给僧团、或者给一群比丘、或者给一个人。诸比丘,应当这样舍:‘尊者,我这个没有取旧坐垫的边缘周边一善逝搩手而叫人做的新坐垫,是应当舍的。我现在把这个舍给僧团。’……舍了之后,应当忏悔……处理衣的比丘这样给:‘我把它给你,具寿。’显示巴利原文
nti anādiyitvā purāṇasanthatassa sāmantā sugatavidatthiṃ navaṃ nisīdanasanthataṃ karoti vā kārāpeti vā, payoge dukkaṭaṃ, paṭilābhena nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, nisīdanasanthataṃ anādiyitvā purāṇasanthatassa sāmantā sugatavidatthiṃ kārāpitaṃ nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
569 自己开了头,自己完成——舍堕罪。自己开了头,叫别人完成——舍堕罪。别人开了头,自己完成——舍堕罪。别人开了头,叫别人完成——舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Attanā vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Attanā vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Parehi vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Parehi vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
如果为了别人而做或叫人做,犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Aññassatthāya karoti vā kārāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
570 不犯的情况是:取旧坐垫的边缘周边一善逝搩手之后做;如果得不到,取比一善逝搩手少一点之后做;如果完全得不到,不取而做;得到别人做好的之后拿来用;做天篷、地毡、布幕墙、床垫或枕头;对于精神错乱的人,对于最初的犯行者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – purāṇasanthatassa sāmantā sugatavidatthiṃ ādiyitvā karoti, alabhanto thokataraṃ ādiyitvā karoti, alabhanto anādiyitvā karoti, aññena kataṃ paṭilabhitvā paribhuñjati, vitānaṃ vā bhūmattharaṇaṃ vā sāṇipākāraṃ vā bhisiṃ vā bibbohanaṃ vā karoti, ummattakassa ādikammikassāti.
6. 羊毛学处显示巴利原文
6. Eḷakalomasikkhāpadaṃ
571 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,有一位比丘在果萨拉国旅行,要前往舍卫城,在半路上得到了一些羊毛。于是,那位比丘用上衣把那些羊毛捆成一小包,带着走。人们看到这位比丘后,就取笑他:‘您花了多少钱买的啊?能赚多少啊?’那位比丘被那些人取笑得狼狈不堪。后来,那位比丘到了舍卫城,站着就把那些羊毛扔掉了。诸比丘对他说:‘贤友,你怎么站着就把这些羊毛给扔了?’‘贤友,就是因为这些羊毛,我被人取笑了。’‘贤友,那你带着这些羊毛走了多远的路呢?’‘超过三由旬了,贤友。’那些少欲的比丘……非难、责备、批评道:‘一个比丘怎么能携带羊毛走超过三由旬的路呢!’然后,那些比丘用各种方式呵责了那位比丘后,就把这件事报告给世尊……‘比丘,听说你携带羊毛走了超过三由旬的路,是真的吗?’‘是真的,世尊。’佛陀世尊呵责道……‘你这个愚蠢的人!怎么能携带羊毛走超过三由旬的路呢!你这个愚蠢的人,这既不能让没有信心的人起信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵这个学处——’显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno kosalesu janapade sāvatthiṃ gacchantassa antarāmagge eḷakalomāni uppajjiṃsu. Atha kho so bhikkhu tāni eḷakalomāni uttarāsaṅgena bhaṇḍikaṃ bandhitvā agamāsi. Manussā taṃ bhikkhuṃ passitvā uppaṇḍesuṃ – ‘‘kittakena te, bhante, kītāni? Kittako udayo bhavissatī’’ti? So bhikkhu tehi manussehi uppaṇḍiyamāno maṅku ahosi. Atha kho so bhikkhu sāvatthiṃ gantvā tāni eḷakalomāni ṭhitakova āsumbhi. Bhikkhū taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kissa tvaṃ, āvuso, imāni eḷakalomāni ṭhitakova āsumbhasī’’ti? ‘‘Tathā hi panāhaṃ, āvuso, imesaṃ eḷakalomānaṃ kāraṇā manussehi uppaṇḍito’’ti. ‘‘Kīva dūrato pana tvaṃ, āvuso, imāni eḷakalomāni āharī’’ti? ‘‘Atirekatiyojanaṃ, āvuso’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhu atirekatiyojanaṃ eḷakalomāni āharissatī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū taṃ bhikkhuṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhikkhu, atirekatiyojanaṃ eḷakalomāni āharīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, atirekatiyojanaṃ eḷakalomāni āharissasi! Netaṃ moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
572 任何比丘,旅行途中若有人给予羊毛,需要即可接受。接受后若无人代携,最远可自携三由旬;若超过,即使无人代携,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Bhikkhunopaneva addhānamaggappaṭipannassa eḷakalomāni uppajjayyuṃ. Ākaṅkhamānena bhikkhunā paṭiggahetabbāni. Paṭiggahetvā tiyojanaparamaṃ sahatthā haritabbāni hāretabbāni (sī. syā. ka.), asante hārake. Tato ce uttari hareyya, asantepi hārake, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
573 对于在路途中行走的人。显示巴利原文
ti panthaṃ gacchantassa.
这些羊毛可能来自僧团、团体、亲戚、朋友,或是粪扫衣,或是用自己的财物所得。显示巴利原文
nti uppajjeyyuṃ saṅghato vā gaṇato vā ñātito vā mittato vā paṃsukūlaṃ vā attano vā dhanena.
如果想要,就可以接受。显示巴利原文
ti icchamānena paṭiggahetabbāni.
应由自己亲手携带,最远不超过三由旬的距离。显示巴利原文
ti tiyojanaparamatā sahatthā haritabbāni.
没有其他任何携带者,无论是女人、男人,在家人还是出家人。显示巴利原文
ti nāñño koci hārako hoti itthī vā puriso vā gahaṭṭho vā pabbajito vā.
当第一只脚跨过三由旬的界限时,犯恶作案。当第二只脚跨过时,犯舍堕罪。如果人站在三由旬范围内,却将羊毛抛到范围外,犯舍堕罪。将羊毛放在别人的车或货物中,在物主不知情的情况下运过了三由旬,也构成舍堕罪。应将该羊毛舍给僧团、团体或个人。诸比丘,应当这样舍:……'尊者,这些羊毛是我运过了三由旬的,属于应舍之物。我将它们舍给僧团。'… (僧团)应该给还… '给还…' … '我给具寿。'显示巴利原文
ti paṭhamaṃ pādaṃ tiyojanaṃ atikkāmeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dutiyaṃ pādaṃ atikkāmeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ . Antotiyojane ṭhito bahitiyojanaṃ pāteti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ . Aññassa yāne vā bhaṇḍe vā ajānantassa pakkhipitvā tiyojanaṃ atikkāmeti, nissaggiyāni honti. Nissajjitabbāni saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbāni…pe… imāni me, bhante, eḷakalomāni tiyojanaṃ atikkāmitāni nissaggiyāni. Imānāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
574 在超过三由旬时,心里也认为超过了,带过去,犯舍堕罪。在超过三由旬时,心里有疑惑,带过去,犯舍堕罪。在超过三由旬时,心里误认为没超过,带过去,犯舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Atirekatiyojane atirekasaññī atikkāmeti , nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Atirekatiyojane vematiko atikkāmeti , nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Atirekatiyojane ūnakasaññī atikkāmeti , nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
对于不足三由旬却认为超过,犯恶作罪。对于不足三由旬而心存疑惑,犯恶作罪。对于不足三由旬而知道不足,不犯。显示巴利原文
Ūnakatiyojane atirekasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakatiyojane vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakatiyojane ūnakasaññī, anāpatti.
575 不犯的情况:运送三由旬;运送不足三由旬;运送三由旬后又带回来;本打算在三由旬处住宿,到了那里之后再继续携带;取回被夺走的羊毛后携带;取回已舍出的羊毛后携带;让别人携带其他已制成的物品;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti tiyojanaṃ harati, ūnakatiyojanaṃ harati, tiyojanaṃ haratipi, paccāharatipi, tiyojanaṃ vāsādhippāyo gantvā tato paraṃ harati, acchinnaṃ paṭilabhitvā harati, nissaṭṭhaṃ paṭilabhitvā harati, aññaṃ harāpeti katabhaṇḍaṃ, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
7. 洗羊毛学处显示巴利原文
7. Eḷakalomadhovāpanasikkhāpadaṃ
576 那时,佛陀世尊住在释迦国迦毗罗卫城的榕树园。当时,六群比丘让比丘尼们洗羊毛、染羊毛、梳理羊毛。那些比丘尼因为忙于洗羊毛、染羊毛、梳理羊毛,荒废了诵经、问难、增上戒、增上心、增上慧的学习。这时,大爱道·果德弥来到世尊那里,到了之后,向世尊行礼,站在一边。世尊对站在一边的大爱道·果德弥这样说:“果德弥,比丘尼们是否不放逸、精进努力、坚定地安住呢?”“尊者,比丘尼们哪来的不放逸啊!那些六群比丘尊者们让比丘尼们洗羊毛、染羊毛、梳理羊毛。那些比丘尼因为忙于洗羊毛、染羊毛、梳理羊毛,荒废了诵经、问难、增上戒、增上心、增上慧的学习。”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhunīhi eḷakalomāni dhovāpentipi rajāpentipi vijaṭāpentipi. Bhikkhuniyo eḷakalomāni dhovantiyo rajantiyo vijaṭentiyo riñcanti uddesaṃ paripucchaṃ adhisīlaṃ adhicittaṃ adhipaññaṃ. Atha kho mahāpajāpati gotamī yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitaṃ kho mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘kacci, gotami, bhikkhuniyo appamattā ātāpiniyo pahitattā viharantī’’ti? ‘‘Kuto, bhante, bhikkhunīnaṃ appamādo! Ayyā chabbaggiyā bhikkhunīhi eḷakalomāni dhovāpentipi rajāpentipi vijaṭāpentipi. Bhikkhuniyo eḷakalomāni dhovantiyo rajantiyo vijaṭentiyo riñcanti uddesaṃ paripucchaṃ adhisīlaṃ adhicittaṃ adhipañña’’nti.
于是,世尊用佛法开示教导、鼓励、激励、令大爱道·果德弥欢喜。那时,大爱道·果德弥被世尊用佛法开示教导、鼓励、激励、令欢喜后,向世尊行礼,右绕之后便离开了。那时,世尊以这个因缘、这件事情召集比丘僧团,审问六群比丘:“诸比丘,你们确实让比丘尼们洗羊毛、染羊毛、梳理羊毛了吗?”“确实是这样,世尊。”“诸比丘,她们是你们的亲属还是非亲属?”“是非亲属,世尊。”“愚蠢的人啊,非亲属不知道什么是适当、不适当,什么是得体、不得体。你们这些愚蠢的人,竟然让非亲属的比丘尼洗羊毛、染羊毛、梳理羊毛!愚蠢的人啊,这不能让没有信心的人生起信心……而且,诸比丘,你们应该这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho mahāpajāpati gotamī bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassitā samādapitā samuttejitā sampahaṃsitā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā chabbaggiye bhikkhū paṭipucchi – ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhikkhunīhi eḷakalomāni dhovāpethapi rajāpethapi vijaṭāpethapī’’ti ? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Ñātikāyo tumhākaṃ, bhikkhave, aññātikāyo’’ti? ‘‘Aññātikāyo, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Aññātakā, moghapurisā, aññātikānaṃ na jānanti patirūpaṃ vā appatirūpaṃ vā pāsādikaṃ vā apāsādikaṃ. Tattha nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, aññātikāhi bhikkhunīhi eḷakalomāni dhovāpessathapi rajāpessathapi vijaṭāpessathapi! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
577 任何比丘,让非亲属的比丘尼洗、染或梳理羊毛,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Yo pana bhikkhu aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā eḷakalomāni dhovāpeyya vā rajāpeyya vā vijaṭāpeyya vā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
578 所谓比丘,是指像这样的……在这里这个意义上,这就是所说的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
非亲属,是指从母亲那边或父亲那边,上溯七代曾祖父辈,没有联系的姻亲关系的人。显示巴利原文
nāma mātito vā pitito vā yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā asambaddhā.
在两部僧团中都受了具足戒。显示巴利原文
nāma ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā.
如果比丘命令:“洗吧”,犯恶作;洗过的羊毛成为应舍的。如果命令:“染吧”,犯恶作;染过的羊毛成为应舍的。如果命令:“梳理吧”,犯恶作;梳理过的羊毛成为应舍的。应舍给僧团、或给僧众、或给个人。而且,诸比丘,应当这样舍:……“尊者,这些羊毛是我让非亲属比丘尼洗过的,成为应舍物。我将这些舍给僧团。”……“应给还。”……“应给还。”……“我给具寿。”显示巴利原文
Dhovāti āṇāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dhotāni nissaggiyāni honti. Rajāti āṇāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Rattāni nissaggiyāni honti. Vijaṭehīti āṇāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Vijaṭitāni nissaggiyāni honti. Nissajjitabbāni saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbāni…pe… imāni me, bhante, eḷakalomāni aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā dhovāpitāni nissaggiyāni. Imānāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
579 对非亲里比丘尼有非亲里想,让洗羊毛衣,舍堕。对非亲里比丘尼有非亲里想,让洗又让染羊毛衣,舍堕加一个恶作。对非亲里比丘尼有非亲里想,让洗又让梳理羊毛衣,舍堕加一个恶作。对非亲里比丘尼有非亲里想,让洗、让染又让梳理羊毛衣,舍堕加两个恶作。显示巴利原文
Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī eḷakalomāni dhovāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī eḷakalomāni dhovāpeti rajāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī eḷakalomāni dhovāpeti vijaṭāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī eḷakalomāni dhovāpeti rajāpeti vijaṭāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dvinnaṃ dukkaṭānaṃ.
对非亲里比丘尼有非亲里想,让染羊毛衣,舍堕。对非亲里比丘尼有非亲里想,让染又让梳理羊毛衣,舍堕加一个恶作。对非亲里比丘尼有非亲里想,让染又让洗羊毛衣,舍堕加一个恶作。对非亲里比丘尼有非亲里想,让染、让梳理又让洗羊毛衣,舍堕加两个恶作。显示巴利原文
Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī eḷakalomāni rajāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī eḷakalomāni rajāpeti vijaṭāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī eḷakalomāni rajāpeti dhovāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī eḷakalomāni rajāpeti vijaṭāpeti dhovāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dvinnaṃ dukkaṭānaṃ.
对非亲里比丘尼有非亲里想,让梳理羊毛衣,舍堕。对非亲里比丘尼有非亲里想,让梳理又让洗羊毛衣,舍堕加一个恶作。对非亲里比丘尼有非亲里想,让梳理又让染羊毛衣,舍堕加一个恶作。对非亲里比丘尼有非亲里想,让梳理、让洗又让染羊毛衣,舍堕加两个恶作。显示巴利原文
Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī eḷakalomāni vijaṭāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī eḷakalomāni vijaṭāpeti dhovāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī eḷakalomāni vijaṭāpeti rajāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dukkaṭassa . Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī eḷakalomāni vijaṭāpeti dhovāpeti rajāpeti, nissaggiyena āpatti dvinnaṃ dukkaṭānaṃ.
580 对非亲里比丘尼有疑惑……对非亲里比丘尼有亲里想……让洗其他比丘的羊毛衣,犯恶作。让在一部僧团受具足戒的比丘尼洗羊毛衣,犯恶作。对亲里比丘尼有非亲里想,犯恶作。对亲里比丘尼有疑惑,犯恶作。对亲里比丘尼有亲里想,不犯。显示巴利原文
Aññātikāya vematiko…pe… aññātikāya ñātikasaññī…pe… aññassa eḷakalomāni dhovāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ekato upasampannāya dhovāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātikāya aññātikasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātikāya vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātikāya ñātikasaññī, anāpatti.
581 不犯的情况:亲里比丘尼在洗衣服时,非亲里比丘尼作为帮手在场;没有指使而她自己洗;让洗还未使用过的成品布料;让学法女或沙马内莉洗;精神失常者;最初的犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ñātikāya dhāvantiyā aññātikā dutiyā hoti, avuttā dhovati, aparibhuttaṃ katabhaṇḍaṃ dhovāpeti, sikkhamānāya sāmaṇeriyā ummattakassa ādikammikassāti.
8. 金钱学处显示巴利原文
8. Rūpiyasikkhāpadaṃ
582 那时,佛陀、世尊住在王舍城的竹林松鼠喂养处。当时,具寿优波难陀释迦子是某户人家的亲近者、常饭供养者。那户人家无论生起什么嚼食或啖食,都会分出具寿优波难陀释迦子的一份收好。那时,有天傍晚,那户人家生起了一些肉。具寿优波难陀释迦子的那份就被收好了。那户人家的小男孩在夜晚将尽、黎明时分醒来,哭着说:'给我肉吃!'于是,那男子便对妻子说:'把尊者的那份拿给孩子吧。我们会再买别的东西来供养尊者。'显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto aññatarassa kulassa kulūpako hoti niccabhattiko. Yaṃ tasmiṃ kule uppajjati khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā tato āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa paṭiviso ṭhapiyyati. Tena kho pana samayena sāyaṃ tasmiṃ kule maṃsaṃ uppannaṃ hoti. Tato āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa paṭiviso ṭhapito hoti. Tassa kulassa dārako rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya rodati – ‘‘maṃsaṃ me dethā’’ti. Atha kho so puriso pajāpatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ayyassa paṭivisaṃ dārakassa dehi. Aññaṃ cetāpetvā ayyassa dassāmā’’ti.
那时,具寿优波难陀释迦子于午前时分穿好下衣,持钵与衣,前往那户人家;到了以后,在备好的座位上坐下。于是,那男子便走近具寿优波难陀释迦子;走近后,礼敬具寿优波难陀释迦子,然后坐在一边。坐在一边后,那男子对具寿优波难陀释迦子这么说:‘尊者,昨天傍晚有肉,尊者的那份就因此被收了起来。尊者,这孩子天快亮时醒来,哭着说:“给我肉吃!”尊者的那份就给了孩子。尊者,我用一个迦哈波那的钱,给您买点别的东西来,行吗?’(具寿优波难陀释迦子问:)‘朋友,你确定把那个迦哈波那的钱给我了吗?’(男子说:)‘是的,尊者,给您了。’(具寿优波难陀释迦子说:)‘那你就把那个迦哈波那的钱给我吧。’显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaraṃ ādāya yena taṃ kulaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho so puriso yenāyasmā upanando sakyaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so puriso āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘hiyyo kho, bhante, sāyaṃ maṃsaṃ uppannaṃ ahosi. Tato ayyassa paṭiviso ṭhapito. Ayaṃ , bhante, dārako rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya rodati – ‘maṃsaṃ me dethā’ti. Ayyassa paṭiviso dārakassa dinno. Kahāpaṇena, bhante, kiṃ āhariyyatū’’ti? ‘‘Pariccatto me, āvuso, kahāpaṇo’’ti? ‘‘Āma, bhante, pariccatto’’ti. ‘‘Taññeva me, āvuso, kahāpaṇaṃ dehī’’ti.
于是,那男子给了具寿优波难陀释迦子一个迦哈波那后,就埋怨、指责、非难道:‘我们就这样收取金钱,这些释子沙门也同样收取金钱!’那些比丘们听到了那男子埋怨、指责、非难的话。那些少欲的比丘……也埋怨、指责、非难说:‘具寿优波难陀释迦子怎么能收取金钱呢!’然后,那些比丘用种种方式呵责具寿优波难陀释迦子后,便将此事告知世尊……(世尊问)‘优波难陀,你确实收取了金钱吗?’(优波难陀答:)‘是的,世尊。’佛陀世尊呵责……说:‘愚痴的人,你怎么能收取金钱呢!愚痴的人,这既不能让未信者生信……(也不能让已信者增信)……诸比丘,应这样诵出这条学处——’显示巴利原文
Atha kho so puriso āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa kahāpaṇaṃ datvā ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti – ‘‘tatheva mayaṃ rūpiyaṃ paṭiggaṇhāma evamevime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā rūpiyaṃ paṭiggaṇhantī’’ti. Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tassa purisassa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto rūpiyaṃ paṭiggahessatī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, upananda, rūpiyaṃ paṭiggahesī’’ti ? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, rūpiyaṃ paṭiggahessasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
583 任何比丘,亲手拿取金银,或叫人拿取,或同意把金银存放在自己这里,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Yo pana bhikkhu jātarūparajataṃ uggaṇheyya vā uggaṇhāpeyya vā upanikkhittaṃ vā sādiyeyya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
584 '任何'指的是:无论他是哪一种、什么样……比丘……这里所说的'比丘'就是此义。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
'金银'指的是:具有导师(世尊)之色者,即金色之物。显示巴利原文
nāma satthuvaṇṇo vuccati .
‘钱’指的是:迦哈波那、铜摩萨迦、木摩萨迦、树胶摩萨迦等,凡是能在世间流通使用的。显示巴利原文
nāma kahāpaṇo lohamāsako dārumāsako jatumāsako ye vohāraṃ gacchanti.
'若此时……亲手捉持',即是舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
ti sayaṃ gaṇhāti nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ .
指使他人接受[金银],也是舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
ti aññaṃ gāhāpeti nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ .
把那种「这是给圣者的」放在面前的东西接受下来,就成了舍堕罪。应当在大众中舍出。诸比丘,要这样舍:那位比丘应当走到僧团那里,把上衣搭在一肩,顶礼长辈诸比丘的脚,蹲坐下来,合掌,然后这样说:「圣者们,我接受了金银。这是我的舍堕物。我把这舍给僧团。」舍出之后,应当忏悔罪过。应当由一位贤能、有能力的比丘接受那罪过的陈白。如果这时有净人或者居士过来,应当告诉他:「朋友,你认得这个东西吧。」如果他说:「用这个买些什么带回来?」不应当说「买这个、买那个」。应当说明许用的东西:熟酥、油、蜂蜜、糖浆。如果他通过交易把这些带回来,除了那个接受金银的人外,其他所有人都可以用。如果能够这样,那很好;如果不行,应当告诉他:「朋友,把这个扔了吧。」如果他扔了,那很好;如果他不扔,应当委任一位具足五法的比丘做丢弃金银者:他不会因贪欲而偏私,不会因瞋恨而偏私,不会因愚痴而偏私,不会因恐惧而偏私,而且知道什么是已丢弃、什么是未丢弃。诸比丘,应当这样委任。先要请求那位比丘。请求之后,由一位贤能、有能力的比丘这样告知僧团:显示巴利原文
ti idaṃ ayyassa hotūti upanikkhittaṃ sādiyati, nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Saṅghamajjhe nissajjitabbaṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ – tena bhikkhunā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, rūpiyaṃ paṭiggahesiṃ. Idaṃ me nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmī’’ti. Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena āpatti paṭiggahetabbā. Sace tattha āgacchati ārāmiko vā upāsako vā so vattabbo – ‘‘āvuso, imaṃ jānāhī’’ti. Sace so bhaṇati – ‘‘iminā kiṃ āhariyyatū’’ti, na vattabbo – ‘‘imaṃ vā imaṃ vā āharā’’ti. Kappiyaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ – sappi vā telaṃ vā madhu vā phāṇitaṃ vā. Sace so tena parivattetvā kappiyaṃ āharati rūpiyappaṭiggāhakaṃ ṭhapetvā sabbeheva paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ; no ce labhetha, so vattabbo – ‘‘āvuso, imaṃ chaḍḍehī’’ti. Sace so chaḍḍeti, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ; no ce chaḍḍeti, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu rūpiyachaḍḍako sammannitabbo – yo na chandāgatiṃ gaccheyya, na dosāgatiṃ gaccheyya, na mohāgatiṃ gaccheyya, na bhayāgatiṃ gaccheyya, chaḍḍitāchaḍḍitañca jāneyya. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbo. Paṭhamaṃ bhikkhu yācitabbo. Yācitvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
585 「圣者们,请僧团听我说。如果僧团时机合适,僧团应当委任某某比丘做丢弃金银者。这是动议。」显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ rūpiyachaḍḍakaṃ sammanneyya. Esā ñatti.
「圣者们,请僧团听我说。僧团委任某某比丘做丢弃金银者。哪位圣者同意这位某某比丘作为丢弃金银者的委任,请保持沉默;哪位不同意,请说出来。」显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Saṅgho itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ rūpiyachaḍḍakaṃ sammannati. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno rūpiyachaḍḍakassa sammuti, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
「某某比丘已被僧团委任为丢弃金银者。僧团同意,因此保持沉默,我这样记住了。」显示巴利原文
‘‘Sammato saṅghena itthannāmo bhikkhu rūpiyachaḍḍako. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
那位被委任的比丘应当不作标记地丢弃。如果作了标记再丢弃,犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Tena sammatena bhikkhunā animittaṃ katvā pātetabbaṃ. Sace nimittaṃ katvā pāteti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
586 对金银有金银想,接受金银,舍堕罪。对金银有疑,接受金银,舍堕罪。对金银有非金银想,接受金银,舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Rūpiye rūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṃ paṭiggaṇhāti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Rūpiye vematiko rūpiyaṃ paṭiggaṇhāti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Rūpiye arūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṃ paṭiggaṇhāti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
对非金银有金银想,恶作罪。对非金银有疑,恶作罪。对非金银有非金银想,无罪。显示巴利原文
Arūpiye rūpiyasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Arūpiye vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Arūpiye arūpiyasaññī, anāpatti.
不犯的情况是:在寺院内或在住处内,收取或叫人收取后存放起来,心想“这东西属于谁,谁就会把它带走”;精神失常者;最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ajjhārāme vā ajjhāvasathe vā uggahetvā vā uggahāpetvā vā nikkhipati – yassa bhavissati so harissatīti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
9. 金钱交易学处显示巴利原文
9. Rūpiyasaṃvohārasikkhāpadaṃ
587 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,六群比丘从事各种金钱交易。人们对此感到不满,批评指责道:“怎么这些沙门释子也从事各种金钱交易,就像那些享受欲乐的在家人一样!”诸比丘听到了那些人不满、批评、指责的声音。那些少欲的诸比丘也对此感到不满,批评指责道:“怎么这些六群比丘竟然从事各种金钱交易!”于是,那些比丘以各种方式斥责了六群比丘之后,将这件事禀告了世尊……世尊问道:“诸比丘,据说你们确实从事各种金钱交易,这是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道……“你们这些愚痴人,怎么能从事各种金钱交易呢!愚痴人,这既不能让没有信心的人生起信心……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū nānappakārakaṃ rūpiyasaṃvohāraṃ samāpajjanti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā nānappakārakaṃ rūpiyasaṃvohāraṃ samāpajjissanti, seyyathāpi gihī kāmabhogino’’ti ! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū nānappakārakaṃ rūpiyasaṃvohāraṃ samāpajjissantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, nānappakārakaṃ rūpiyasaṃvohāraṃ samāpajjathā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, nānappakārakaṃ rūpiyasaṃvohāraṃ samāpajjissatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
588 任何比丘,做种种金银交易,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Yo pana bhikkhu nānappakārakaṃ rūpiyasaṃvohāraṃ samāpajjeyya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
589 “比丘”的意思:在这里指的是像这样的……比丘。这是在这个义理上所指的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“各种”指:已做的、未做的、已做未做的。“各种”还指:头部的、颈部的、手部的、脚部的、腰部的。“各种”还指:厚实制成的。“各种”还指:以上两类。显示巴利原文
nāma katampi akatampi katākatampi. nāma sīsūpagaṃ gīvūpagaṃ hatthūpagaṃ pādūpagaṃ kaṭūpagaṃ. nāma ghanakataṃ vuccati. nāma tadubhayaṃ.
“金钱”指:有世尊像的金币、铜币、木币、树胶币,这些都能用于交易流通。显示巴利原文
nāma satthuvaṇṇo kahāpaṇo, lohamāsako, dārumāsako, jatumāsako ye vohāraṃ gacchanti.
用已做之物换取已做之物,尼萨耆亚波逸提。用已做之物换取未做之物,尼萨耆亚波逸提。用已做之物换取已做未做之物,尼萨耆亚波逸提。用未做之物换取已做之物,尼萨耆亚波逸提。用未做之物换取未做之物,尼萨耆亚波逸提。用未做之物换取已做未做之物,尼萨耆亚波逸提。用已做未做之物换取已做之物,尼萨耆亚波逸提。用已做未做之物换取未做之物,尼萨耆亚波逸提。用已做未做之物换取已做未做之物,尼萨耆亚波逸提。应当在僧团中舍出。诸比丘,应当这样舍出:那位比丘应到僧团去,将上衣搭在一肩,向长老诸比丘顶礼双足,蹲坐,合掌,应当这样说:‘尊者,我从事了各种金钱交易。这是我的尼萨耆亚物。我将它舍给僧团。’舍出之后,应当忏罪。应由一位有能力、能胜任的比丘接受忏罪。如果在场来了净人或居士,应当对他说:‘贤友,你认一下这个。’如果他问:‘用这个能换取什么来?’不要说:‘你换来这个,换来那个。’应当建议如法之物:熟酥、油、蜜、糖浆。如果他通过交易换取如法之物后带回来,除了那位经手换取金钱的人之外,所有比丘都可以食用。如果能这样做,这样是好的;如果不能这样做,应当对他说:‘贤友,把这丢掉。’如果他丢掉,这样是好的;如果他不丢掉,应当选出一位受持五法、有能力丢弃金钱的比丘:不因贪欲而行,不因嗔恚而行,不因愚痴而行,不因恐惧而行,并且知道哪些已经丢掉了、哪些没丢掉。诸比丘,应当这样选出。首先应当请求一位比丘。请求之后,应由一位有能力、能胜任的比丘向僧团通告:显示巴利原文
ti katena kataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ . Katena akataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Katena katākataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Akatena kataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Akatena akataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Akatena katākataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Katākatena kataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Katākatena akataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Katākatena katākataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Saṅghamajjhe nissajjitabbaṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ. Tena bhikkhunā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, nānappakārakaṃ rūpiyasaṃvohāraṃ samāpajjiṃ. Idaṃ me nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmī’’ti. Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena āpatti paṭiggahetabbā. Sace tattha āgacchati ārāmiko vā upāsako vā so vattabbo – ‘‘āvuso, imaṃ jānāhī’’ti. Sace so bhaṇati – ‘‘iminā kiṃ āhariyyatū’’ti, na vattabbo – ‘‘imaṃ vā imaṃ vā āharā’’ti. Kappiyaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ – sappi vā telaṃ vā madhu vā phāṇitaṃ vā. Sace so tena parivattetvā kappiyaṃ āharati, rūpiyacetāpakaṃ ṭhapetvā, sabbeheva paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ; no ce labhetha, so vattabbo – ‘‘āvuso, imaṃ chaḍḍehī’’ti. Sace so chaḍḍeti, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ; no ce chaḍḍeti, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu rūpiyachaḍḍako sammannitabbo – yo na chandāgatiṃ gaccheyya, na dosāgatiṃ gaccheyya, na mohāgatiṃ gaccheyya, na bhayāgatiṃ gaccheyya, chaḍḍitāchaḍḍitañca jāneyya. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbo. Paṭhamaṃ bhikkhu yācitabbo. Yācitvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
590 尊者僧团,请听我说。如果僧团觉得合适,僧团应选某比丘为弃钱者。这是动议。显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ rūpiyachaḍḍakaṃ sammanneyya. Esā ñatti.
尊者僧团,请听我说。僧团选某比丘为弃钱者。哪位尊者同意选某比丘为弃钱者,请默然;哪位不同意,请说。显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Saṅgho itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ rūpiyachaḍḍakaṃ sammannati. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno rūpiyachaḍḍakassa sammuti, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
僧团已选某比丘为弃钱者。僧团同意,因此默然,我如此记持。显示巴利原文
‘‘Sammato saṅghena itthannāmo bhikkhu rūpiyachaḍḍako. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
被选出的比丘应当在不留任何标记的情况下丢弃。如果留下了标记才丢弃,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Tena sammatena bhikkhunā animittaṃ katvā pātetabbaṃ. Sace nimittaṃ katvā pāteti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
591 在金钱中,作金钱想而去买金钱,犯舍堕罪。在金钱中,心有疑惑而去买金钱,犯舍堕罪。在金钱中,作非金钱想而去买金钱,犯舍堕罪。在非金钱中,作金钱想而去买金钱,犯舍堕罪。在非金钱中,心有疑惑而去买金钱,犯舍堕罪。在非金钱中,作非金钱想而去买金钱,犯舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Rūpiye rūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Rūpiye vematiko rūpiyaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Rūpiye arūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Arūpiye rūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ . Arūpiye vematiko rūpiyaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Arūpiye arūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
在非金钱中,作金钱想,犯恶作。在非金钱中,心有疑惑,犯恶作。在非金钱中,作非金钱想,无罪。显示巴利原文
Arūpiye rūpiyasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Arūpiye vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Arūpiye arūpiyasaññī, anāpatti.
592 无犯:精神失常者、最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
10. 买卖学处显示巴利原文
10. Kayavikkayasikkhāpadaṃ
593 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,具寿优波难陀释迦子擅长做衣。他用许多旧布片做成一件僧伽帝衣,染成漂亮的颜色,做工精致,穿在身上。那时有一个外道,穿着一件贵重的布料,来拜访具寿优波难陀释迦子。到了之后,他对具寿优波难陀释迦子说:“贤友,你这件僧伽帝衣真好看,用那块布换给我吧。”具寿优波难陀说:“贤友,你可想好了。”外道回答:“是的,贤友,我想好了。”具寿优波难陀说:“拿着吧,贤友。”就把僧伽帝衣给了外道。外道穿上那件僧伽帝衣,回到外道们的住处。其他外道对他说:“贤友,你这件僧伽帝衣真好看,从哪里得来的?”他说:“贤友们,是用我的布换来的。”外道们说:“贤友,你这件僧伽帝衣能穿多久?你那块布才是更好的。”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto paṭṭo hoti cīvarakammaṃ kātuṃ. So paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ karitvā surattaṃ suparikammakataṃ katvā pārupi. Atha kho aññataro paribbājako mahagghaṃ paṭaṃ pārupitvā yenāyasmā upanando sakyaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sundarā kho tyāyaṃ, āvuso, saṅghāṭi; dehi me paṭenā’’ti. ‘‘Jānāhi, āvuso’’ti. ‘‘Āmāvuso, jānāmī’’ti. ‘‘Handāvuso’’ti, adāsi. Atha kho so paribbājako taṃ saṅghāṭiṃ pārupitvā paribbājakārāmaṃ agamāsi. Paribbājakā taṃ paribbājakaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘sundarā kho tyāyaṃ, āvuso, saṅghāṭi; kuto tayā laddhā’’ti? ‘‘Tena me, āvuso, paṭena parivattitā’’ti. ‘‘Katihipi tyāyaṃ, āvuso, saṅghāṭi bhavissati, soyeva te paṭo varo’’ti.
那个外道心想:“这些外道说得对——‘这件僧伽帝衣能穿多久?那块布对我来说才是更好的。’”于是他又去拜访具寿优波难陀释迦子。到了之后,对具寿优波难陀释迦子说:“贤友,僧伽帝衣还给你,把布还给我吧。”具寿优波难陀说:“贤友,我难道没跟你说‘你可想好了’吗?我不还。”那个外道便抱怨、责备、到处说闲话:“在家人尚且肯把东西还给一个反悔的在家人,一个出家人怎么就不肯还给另一个出家人呢?”诸比丘听到了那个外道抱怨、责备、说闲话的声音。那些少欲的诸比丘……也抱怨、责备、说闲话:“具寿优波难陀释迦子怎么可以跟外道做买卖交易呢?”那些比丘们用各种方式呵责了具寿优波难陀释迦子后,把这件事禀告了世尊……世尊问:“优波难陀,你确实跟外道做买卖交易了吗?”优波难陀回答:“确实如此,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责说……“愚痴人,你怎么可以跟外道做买卖交易呢?愚痴人,这既不能让未生信者生信……也不能让已生信者增长信心……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处:显示巴利原文
Atha kho so paribbājako – ‘‘saccaṃ kho paribbājakā āhaṃsu – ‘katihipi myāyaṃ saṅghāṭi bhavissati! Soyeva me paṭo varo’’’ti yenāyasmā upanando sakyaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘handa te, āvuso, saṅghāṭi ; dehi me paṭa’’nti. ‘‘Nanu tvaṃ, āvuso, mayā vutto – ‘jānāhi, āvuso’ti ! Nāha dassāmī’’ti. Atha kho so paribbājako ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti – ‘‘gihīpi naṃ gihissa vippaṭisārissa denti, kiṃ pana pabbajito pabbajitassa na dassatī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tassa paribbājakassa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto paribbājakena saddhiṃ kayavikkayaṃ samāpajjissatī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, upananda, paribbājakena saddhiṃ kayavikkayaṃ samāpajjasī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, paribbājakena saddhiṃ kayavikkayaṃ samāpajjissasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
594 任何比丘,从事各种买卖交易者,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Yo pana bhikkhu nānappakārakaṃ kayavikkayaṃ samāpajjeyya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
595 所谓“比丘”:在这里,比丘是指……这样的……这就是此处所指的比丘。“种种”指的是:衣、钵食、住所、病缘药品及资具,乃至一小团粉、一根齿木、一根线。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓“从事”的意思是:用这个给我那个,用这个拿那个来,用这个换那个,用这个买那个。如果这么做,犯恶作罪。当从别人那里换来的物品到了自己手里,自己的物品到了别人手里时,即犯舍堕罪。必须舍给僧团、或小组、或个人。诸比丘,应当这样舍:“尊者,我从事了种种买卖交易。这件物品是应舍的。我将它舍给僧团。”……之后僧团应当还给他……或者对那位比丘说:“我把它给你。”显示巴利原文
nāma cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā, antamaso cuṇṇapiṇḍopi dantakaṭṭhampi dasikasuttampi.
所谓“从事”的意思是:用这个给我那个,用这个拿那个来,用这个换那个,用这个买那个。如果这么做,犯恶作罪。当从别人那里换来的物品到了自己手里,自己的物品到了别人手里时,即犯舍堕罪。必须舍给僧团、或小组、或个人。诸比丘,应当这样舍:“尊者,我从事了种种买卖交易。这件物品是应舍的。我将它舍给僧团。”……之后僧团应当还给他……或者对那位比丘说:“我把它给你。”显示巴利原文
ti iminā imaṃ dehi, iminā imaṃ āhara, iminā imaṃ parivattehi, iminā imaṃ cetāpehīti. Ajjhācarati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Yato kayitañca hoti vikkayitañca attano bhaṇḍaṃ parahatthagataṃ parabhaṇḍaṃ attano hatthagataṃ, nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… ahaṃ, bhante, nānappakārakaṃ kayavikkayaṃ samāpajjiṃ. Idaṃ me nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
596 在买卖交易时,以为自己是在做买卖交易,犯舍堕罪。在买卖交易时,心存疑惑,犯舍堕罪。在买卖交易时,以为自己不是在做买卖交易,犯舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Kayavikkaye kayavikkayasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Kayavikkaye vematiko , nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Kayavikkaye nakayavikkayasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
非买卖时,以为是买卖,犯恶作罪。非买卖时,心有疑惑,犯恶作罪。非买卖时,知道不是买卖,不犯。显示巴利原文
Nakayavikkaye kayavikkayasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nakayavikkaye vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nakayavikkaye nakayavikkayasaññī, anāpatti.
597 不犯的情况是:询问价格,告知净人,说“这是我们有的,我们需要这个和那个”,精神失常者,最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – agghaṃ pucchati, kappiyakārakassa ācikkhati, ‘‘idaṃ amhākaṃ atthi, amhākañca iminā ca iminā ca attho’’ti bhaṇati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
蚕丝、纯黑分两份、六年坐垫;
两种羊毛要捡取,两者种种不同类。
显示巴利原文 Kosiyā suddhadvebhāgā, chabbassāni nisīdanaṃ; Dve ca lomāni uggaṇhe, ubho nānappakārakāti.
1. 钵学处显示巴利原文
1. Pattasikkhāpadaṃ
598 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,六群比丘积存了好多钵。人们游走在寺院间,看到了,便讥嫌、批评、指责说:“沙门释子怎么能积存这么多钵!难道沙门释子要做钵生意,还是要开陶器店!”诸比丘听到了那些人讥嫌、批评、指责。那些少欲的比丘……他们讥嫌、批评说:“六群比丘怎能持有额外的钵呢!”于是那些比丘用种种方法训斥六群比丘后,把这件事禀告了世尊。……“诸比丘,你们真的持有额外的钵吗?”“是的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责……“愚痴人,你们怎能持有额外的钵!这不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应该这样诵这条学处――显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bahū patte sannicayaṃ karonti. Manussā vihāracārikaṃ āhiṇḍantā passitvā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā bahū patte sannicayaṃ karissanti, pattavāṇijjaṃ vā samaṇā sakyaputtiyā karissanti āmattikāpaṇaṃ vā pasāressantī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū atirekapattaṃ dhāressantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, atirekapattaṃ dhārethā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, atirekapattaṃ dhāressatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya …pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
599 任何比丘,持有多余的钵者,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
nti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
600 那时候,具寿阿难有了一个多余的钵。具寿阿难想把这个钵送给具寿舍利弗。而具寿舍利弗住在萨咖答。当时,具寿阿难心里这样想:'世尊已经制定了学处——不得存放多余的钵。我现在有了这个多余的钵,而我想把这个钵送给具寿舍利弗,但具寿舍利弗住在萨咖答。我该怎么处理才好呢?'他把这件事告诉了世尊。世尊问:'阿难啊,舍利弗还要多久才回来?'阿难回答:'世尊,第九天,或者第十天。'于是,世尊以这个因缘、这件事说了法义的开示,然后告诉诸比丘:'诸比丘,我允许你们最多存放多余的钵十天。而且,诸比丘,你们要这样诵出这条学处:显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato ānandassa atirekapatto uppanno hoti. Āyasmā ca ānando taṃ pattaṃ āyasmato sāriputtassa dātukāmo hoti. Āyasmā ca sāriputto sākete viharati. Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavatā sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ – ‘na atirekapatto dhāretabbo’ti. Ayañca me atirekapatto uppanno. Ahañcimaṃ pattaṃ āyasmato sāriputtassa dātukāmo. Āyasmā ca sāriputto sākete viharati. Kathaṃ nu kho mayā paṭipajjitabba’’nti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi. ‘‘Kīvaciraṃ panānanda, sāriputto āgacchissatī’’ti? ‘‘Navamaṃ vā, bhagavā, divasaṃ dasamaṃ vā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave , dasāhaparamaṃ atirekapattaṃ dhāretuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
601 多余的钵最多可以存放十天;超过这个期限,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Dasāhaparamaṃ atirekapatto dhāretabbo. Taṃ atikkāmayato nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
602 '最多可存放十天。'显示巴利原文
nti dasāhaparamatā dhāretabbo.
所谓未决意、未净施。显示巴利原文
nāma anadhiṭṭhito avikappito.
钵有两种:铁钵和陶钵。显示巴利原文
nāma dve pattā ayopatto mattikāpattoti.
托钵有三种类型:上等钵、中等钵、下等钵。上等钵,是指能盛半阿罗迦量的饭、四分之一份的嚼食,以及相应的菜肴。中等钵,是指能盛那利迦量的饭、四分之一份的嚼食,以及相应的菜肴。下等钵,是指能盛一钵多的饭、四分之一份的嚼食,以及相应的菜肴。比这大的不是钵,比这小的也不是钵。显示巴利原文
Tayo pattassa vaṇṇā ukkaṭṭho patto majjhimo patto omako patto. nāma aḍḍhāḷhakodanaṃ gaṇhāti catubhāgaṃ khādanaṃ tadupiyaṃ byañjanaṃ. nāma nāḷikodanaṃ gaṇhāti catubhāgaṃ khādanaṃ tadupiyaṃ byañjanaṃ. nāma patthodanaṃ gaṇhāti catubhāgaṃ khādanaṃ tadupiyaṃ byañjanaṃ. Tato ukkaṭṭho apatto, omako apatto.
到第十一个天亮时,该钵就成了应当舍出的物品。这件物品应当舍给僧团、或给一个小组、或给一位比丘。诸比丘,应当这样舍:那位比丘来到僧团跟前,把上衣搭在一肩,向长老诸比丘顶礼双足之后,蹲坐着,双手合十,这样说道:‘尊者们,我这件钵已经超过了十天,成了应当舍出的物品。我现在将它舍给僧团。’舍出之后,再忏悔罪过。应当由一位聪明、有能力的比丘接受这忏悔。然后,这件被舍出的钵应当归还给他。显示巴利原文
ti ekādase aruṇuggamane nissaggiyo hoti. Nissajjitabbo saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbo. Tena bhikkhunā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘ayaṃ me, bhante, patto dasāhātikkanto nissaggiyo. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmī’’ti. Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena āpatti paṭiggahetabbā, nissaṭṭhapatto dātabbo.
603 ‘尊者们,请僧团听我说。这是某甲比丘那件应当舍出的、已经舍给僧团的钵。如果僧团觉得合适,就请僧团把这只钵交给某甲比丘。’显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ patto itthannāmassa bhikkhuno nissaggiyo saṅghassa nissaṭṭho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho imaṃ pattaṃ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dadeyyā’’ti.
604 那位比丘应当到几位比丘跟前,将上衣搭在一肩,向年长的诸比丘顶礼双足,然后蹲下,双手合十,这样说:“尊者们,我这个钵超过十天了,是应舍的。我现在把它舍给诸位尊者。”舍出之后,应当忏悔过错。应当由一位能干、有能力的比丘接受忏悔,并把所舍的钵还给他。显示巴利原文
Tena bhikkhunā sambahule bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassu vacanīyā – ‘‘ayaṃ me, bhante, patto dasāhātikkanto nissaggiyo. Imāhaṃ āyasmantānaṃ nissajjāmī’’ti. Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena āpatti paṭiggahetabbā, nissaṭṭhapatto dātabbo.
605 “请诸位尊者听我说。这个钵是某某比丘的应舍物,他已舍给诸位尊者。如果诸位尊者觉得合适,请将这个钵还给某某比丘。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇantu me āyasmantā. Ayaṃ patto itthannāmassa bhikkhuno nissaggiyo āyasmantānaṃ nissaṭṭho. Yadāyasmantānaṃ pattakallaṃ, āyasmantā imaṃ pattaṃ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dadeyyu’’nti.
606 那位比丘应到一位比丘跟前,将上衣搭在一肩,蹲下,双手合十,这样对他说:“贤友,我这个钵超过十天了,是应舍的。我现在把它舍给尊者。”舍出之后,应当忏悔过错。那位比丘应当接受忏悔,并把所舍的钵还给他说:“我把这个钵给尊者。”显示巴利原文
Tena bhikkhunā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘ayaṃ me, āvuso, patto dasāhātikkanto nissaggiyo. Imāhaṃ āyasmato nissajjāmī’’ti. Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā. Tena bhikkhunā āpatti paṭiggahetabbā, nissaṭṭhapatto dātabbo – ‘‘imaṃ pattaṃ āyasmato dammī’’ti.
607 超过十天,自己知道已超过,犯舍堕罪。超过十天,心存疑惑,犯舍堕罪。超过十天,自己以为未超过,犯舍堕罪。对未决意的钵,自己以为已决意,犯舍堕罪。对未净施的钵,自己以为已净施,犯舍堕罪。对未舍出的钵,自己以为已舍出,犯舍堕罪。对没有丢失的钵,自己以为丢失了,犯舍堕罪。对没有毁坏的钵,自己以为毁坏了,犯舍堕罪。对没有破损的钵,自己以为破损了,犯舍堕罪。对没有被抢的钵,自己以为被抢了,犯舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Dasāhātikkante atikkantasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Dasāhātikkante vematiko, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Dasāhātikkante anatikkantasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Anadhiṭṭhite adhiṭṭhitasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Avikappite vikappitasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Avissajjite vissajjitasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Anaṭṭhe naṭṭhasaññī nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Avinaṭṭhe vinaṭṭhasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ . Abhinne bhinnasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Avilutte viluttasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
把应舍的钵不舍出而继续使用,犯恶作罪。未超过十天,自己以为超过了,犯恶作罪。未超过十天,心存疑惑,犯恶作罪。未超过十天,自己以为未超过,无罪。显示巴利原文
Nissaggiyaṃ pattaṃ anissajjitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dasāhānatikkante atikkantasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dasāhānatikkante vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dasāhānatikkante anatikkantasaññī, anāpatti.
608 在十天之内完成决意、净施、舍出,或者钵丢失、毁坏、破损、被人强行拿走、出于信任而拿走,以及精神失常者、最初犯者,这些情况都无罪。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti antodasāhaṃ adhiṭṭheti, vikappeti, vissajjeti, nassati, vinassati, bhijjati, acchinditvā gaṇhanti, vissāsaṃ gaṇhanti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
那时,六群比丘对所舍的钵不归还。他们向世尊报告了这件事。世尊说:“诸比丘,所舍的钵不可以不归还。如果不归还,犯恶作罪。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū nissaṭṭhapattaṃ na denti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. ‘‘Na, bhikkhave, nissaṭṭhapatto na dātabbo. Yo na dadeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti.
2. 不足五条补缀学处显示巴利原文
2. Ūnapañcabandhanasikkhāpadaṃ
609 那时候,佛陀世尊住在释迦族国的迦毗罗卫城榕树园。那时,有位陶匠对诸比丘发出邀请:“哪位尊者需要钵,我来做钵供养。”那时,诸比丘不知节制,乞求了很多钵。那些钵小的人,就乞求大钵。那些钵大的人,就乞求小钵。那位陶匠因为要替诸比丘做很多钵,没办法做其他贩卖的商品,连自己都维持不了生计,妻儿也陷入困苦。人们开始指责、批评、非议:“这些释迦族的沙门怎么能这样不知节制,乞求这么多钵!这个人为了替他们做这么多钵,没办法做其他贩卖的商品,连自己都维持不了生计,妻儿也陷入困苦。”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarena kumbhakārena bhikkhū pavāritā honti – ‘‘yesaṃ ayyānaṃ pattena attho ahaṃ pattenā’’ti. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū na mattaṃ jānitvā bahū patte viññāpenti. Yesaṃ khuddakā pattā te mahante patte viññāpenti. Yesaṃ mahantā pattā te khuddake patte viññāpenti. Atha kho so kumbhakāro bhikkhūnaṃ bahū patte karonto na sakkoti aññaṃ vikkāyikaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ kātuṃ, attanāpi na yāpeti, puttadārāpissa kilamanti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā na mattaṃ jānitvā bahū patte viññāpessanti! Ayaṃ imesaṃ bahū patte karonto na sakkoti aññaṃ vikkāyikaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ kātuṃ, attanāpi na yāpeti, puttadārāpissa kilamantī’’ti.
那些比丘听到了人们在指责、批评、非议。那些少欲的诸比丘……也开始指责、批评、非议:“诸比丘怎么能这样不知节制,乞求那么多钵呢!”于是,这些比丘用种种方式呵责之后,就把这件事禀告了世尊……“诸比丘,听说诸比丘不知节制,乞求了很多钵,这是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责了……“诸比丘,这些愚痴人怎么能这样不知节制,乞求那么多钵呢!诸比丘,这既不能让没有信心的人产生信心……也不能让已有信心的人增长信心……”呵责之后,世尊作了法语开示,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,不许乞求钵。若乞求,犯恶作罪。”显示巴利原文
Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhū na mattaṃ jānitvā bahū patte viññāpessantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū te anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū na mattaṃ jānitvā bahū patte viññāpentīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā na mattaṃ jānitvā bahū patte viññāpessanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘na, bhikkhave, patto viññāpetabbo. Yo viññāpeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti.
610 那时候,有一位比丘的钵破了。于是,这位比丘心想:“世尊禁止了乞求钵。”因为有所顾虑,他就不敢乞求。他直接用手托着食物挨家挨户乞食。人们指责、批评、非议:“这些释迦族的沙门怎么用手托着食物乞食,就像外道一样呢!”诸比丘听到了人们在指责、批评、非议。于是,这些比丘就把这件事禀告了世尊。那时,世尊以此因缘、以此契机作了法语开示,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我允许在钵丢失或钵破损的情况下,可以乞求钵。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno patto bhinno hoti. Atha kho so bhikkhu – ‘‘bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṃ pattaṃ viññāpetu’’nti kukkuccāyanto na viññāpeti. Hatthesu piṇḍāya carati. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā hatthesu piṇḍāya carissanti, seyyathāpi titthiyā’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, naṭṭhapattassa vā bhinnapattassa vā pattaṃ viññāpetu’’nti.
611 那时候,六群比丘心想:“世尊已经允许在钵丢失或钵破损的情况下乞求钵了。”他们就以一点点小破损、一点点小缺口、一点点小刮痕为由,乞求了很多钵。那位陶匠因为要替诸比丘做很多钵,同样地没办法做其他贩卖的商品,连自己都维持不了生计,妻儿也陷入困苦。人们同样地指责、批评、非议:“这些释迦族的沙门怎么能这样不知节制,乞求那么多钵!这个人为了替他们做这么多钵,没办法做其他贩卖的商品,连自己都维持不了生计,妻儿也陷入困苦。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū – ‘‘bhagavatā anuññātaṃ naṭṭhapattassa vā bhinnapattassa vā pattaṃ viññāpetu’’nti appamattakenapi bhinnena appamattakenapi khaṇḍena vilikhitamattenapi bahū patte viññāpenti . Atha kho so kumbhakāro bhikkhūnaṃ tatheva bahū patte karonto na sakkoti aññaṃ vikkāyikaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ kātuṃ, attanāpi na yāpeti, puttadārāpissa kilamanti. Manussā tatheva ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā na mattaṃ jānitvā bahū patte viññāpessanti! Ayaṃ imesaṃ bahū patte karonto na sakkoti aññaṃ vikkāyikaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ kātuṃ, attanāpi na yāpeti, puttadārāpissa kilamantī’’ti.
诸比丘听到了人们在指责、批评、非议。那些少欲的诸比丘……也开始指责、批评、非议:“六群比丘怎么能凭一点点小破损、一点点小缺口、一点点小刮痕为由,乞求那么多钵呢!”于是,这些比丘用种种方式呵责了六群比丘之后,就把这件事禀告了世尊……“诸比丘,听说你们凭一点点小破损、一点点小缺口、一点点小刮痕为由,乞求了很多钵,这是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责了……“你们这些愚痴人,怎么能凭一点点小破损、一点点小缺口、一点点小刮痕为由,乞求那么多钵呢!愚痴人,这既不能让没有信心的人产生信心……也不能让已有信心的人增长信心……”呵责之后,世尊作了法语开示,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,应当这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū appamattakenapi bhinnena appamattakenapi khaṇḍena vilikhitamattenapi bahū patte viññāpessantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, appamattakenapi bhinnena appamattakenapi khaṇḍena vilikhitamattenapi bahū patte viññāpethā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, appamattakenapi bhinnena appamattakenapi khaṇḍena vilikhitamattenapi bahū patte viññāpessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
612 任何比丘,自己的钵还不到五处裂补、还能用,却换取另一个新钵,犯舍堕。这位比丘应把这个钵在比丘众中舍出。比丘众里最差的那个钵,应当给这位比丘,说『比丘,这个钵给你,用到破为止』。这才是如法的做法。显示巴利原文
Yo pana bhikkhu ūnapañcabandhanena pattena aññaṃ navaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeyya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Tena bhikkhunā so patto bhikkhuparisāya nissajjitabbo. Yo ca tassā bhikkhuparisāya pattapariyanto so tassa bhikkhuno padātabbo – ‘ayaṃ te, bhikkhu, patto yāva bhedanāya dhāretabbo’ti. Ayaṃ tattha sāmīcī’’ti.
613 在这里,不管是什么样的……都称为比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
‘钵’是指未补缀的钵、补缀一处的钵、补缀二处、三处或四处的钵。所谓‘无补缀处’是指钵没有长两指的裂纹。所谓‘有补缀处’是指钵有长两指的裂纹。‘乞求’是因索取而说。显示巴利原文
nāma patto abandhano vā ekabandhano vā dvibandhano vā tibandhano vā catubandhano vā. Abandhanokāso nāma patto yassa dvaṅgulā rāji na hoti. Bandhanokāso nāma patto yassa dvaṅgulā rāji hoti. nāma patto viññattiṃ upādāya vuccati.
向人索求时,每做一次努力就犯恶作罪。一旦得到钵,就成了舍堕罪,必须在僧团中舍掉。所有比丘都要带着自己决意过的钵集合。不能为了想得到昂贵的钵,而故意决意使用一个劣钵。如果抱着'我要得到昂贵钵'的心思,却用劣钵去决意,那就犯恶作罪。诸比丘,应该这样舍:那位比丘要来到僧团前,把上衣搭在一肩,向长老诸比丘顶礼,然后蹲着,合掌,这样说:'尊者,我这个用不满五箍的钵换来的钵,成了舍堕罪。我现在把它舍给僧团。'舍了之后,要忏悔罪过。应由一位聪明、有能力的比丘接受这忏悔。应该选任一位具足五法、不会因贪、瞋、痴、恐惧而偏离,并且知道已给与未给的比丘当分钵人。诸比丘,应该这样选任:先要请一位比丘。请了之后,由一位聪明、有能力的比丘向僧团宣告:显示巴利原文
ti viññāpeti, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena nissaggiyo hoti. Saṅghamajjhe nissajjitabbo. Sabbeheva adhiṭṭhitapattaṃ gahetvā sannipatitabbaṃ. Na lāmako patto adhiṭṭhātabbo – ‘‘mahagghaṃ pattaṃ gahessāmī’’ti. Sace lāmakaṃ pattaṃ adhiṭṭheti – ‘‘mahagghaṃ pattaṃ gahessāmī’’ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbo. Tena bhikkhunā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘ayaṃ me, bhante, patto ūnapañcabandhanena pattena cetāpito nissaggiyo. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmī’’ti. Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena āpatti paṭiggahetabbā. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu pattaggāhāpako sammannitabbo – yo na chandāgatiṃ gaccheyya, na dosāgatiṃ gaccheyya, na mohāgatiṃ gaccheyya, na bhayāgatiṃ gaccheyya, gāhitāgāhitañca jāneyya . Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbo. Paṭhamaṃ bhikkhu yācitabbo. Yācitvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
614 尊者们,请僧团听我说。如果僧团时机合适,应选任某某比丘为分钵人。这是动议。显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ pattaggāhāpakaṃ sammanneyya. Esā ñatti.
尊者们,请僧团听我说。僧团选任某某比丘为分钵人。哪位长老同意选任某某比丘为分钵人,请保持沉默;不同意的请说。显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Saṅgho itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ pattaggāhāpakaṃ sammannati. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno pattaggāhāpakassa sammuti, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
僧团已选任某某比丘为分钵人,僧团同意,所以保持沉默。我这样记住了。显示巴利原文
‘‘Sammato saṅghena itthannāmo bhikkhu pattaggāhāpako. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
615 由那位被选任的比丘来分钵。应该对长老说:'尊者长老,请您拿钵。'如果长老拿了,就把长老原来的钵分给第二位比丘。不能因为怜悯他就不拿。如果不拿,就犯恶作罪。不应该把钵分给没有钵的人。就用这个方法,一直分到僧团里最新受戒的比丘。那位比丘所属的僧众中分到最末尾的钵,应该交给那位比丘,并对他说:'比丘,这个钵你要保管到它破了为止。'显示巴利原文
Tena sammatena bhikkhunā patto gāhetabbo. Thero vattabbo – ‘‘gaṇhātu, bhante, thero patta’’nti. Sace thero gaṇhāti, therassa patto dutiyassa gāhetabbo. Na ca tassa anuddayatāya na gahetabbo. Yo na gaṇheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Apattakassa na gāhetabbo. Eteneva upāyena yāva saṅghanavakā gāhetabbā. Yo ca tassā bhikkhuparisāya pattapariyanto, so tassa bhikkhuno padātabbo – ‘‘ayaṃ te, bhikkhu, patto yāva bhedanāya dhāretabbo’’ti.
那位比丘不能把这个钵放在不恰当的地方,不能漫不经心地用它吃饭,也不能把它随意扔掉,心想:'怎么样才能让这个钵丢失、毁坏或者破掉呢?'如果放在不恰当的地方,或用它吃饭时不注意,或把它扔掉,就犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Tena bhikkhunā so patto na adese nikkhipitabbo, na abhogena bhuñjitabbo, na vissajjetabbo – ‘‘kathāyaṃ patto nasseyya vā vinasseyya vā bhijjeyya vā’’ti? Sace adese vā nikkhipati abhogena vā bhuñjati vissajjeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
这就是这其中相应的做法。显示巴利原文
ti ayaṃ tattha anudhammatā.
616 用没有箍的钵换取没有箍的钵,犯舍堕罪。用没有箍的钵换取有一条箍的钵,犯舍堕罪。用没有箍的钵换取有两条箍的钵,犯舍堕罪。用没有箍的钵换取有三条箍的钵,犯舍堕罪。用没有箍的钵换取有四条箍的钵,犯舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Abandhanena pattena abandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Abandhanena pattena ekabandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Abandhanena pattena dvibandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Abandhanena pattena tibandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Abandhanena pattena catubandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
用一个绑带的钵,换取没有绑带的钵,犯舍堕罪。用一个绑带的钵,换取一个绑带的钵,犯舍堕罪。用一个绑带的钵,换取两个绑带的钵,犯舍堕罪。用一个绑带的钵,换取三个绑带的钵,犯舍堕罪。用一个绑带的钵,换取四个绑带的钵,犯舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Ekabandhanena pattena abandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Ekabandhanena pattena ekabandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Ekabandhanena pattena dvibandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Ekabandhanena pattena tibandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Ekabandhanena pattena catubandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
用有两个补缀的钵,换取没有补缀的钵,犯舍堕罪。用有两个补缀的钵,换取一个补缀的钵……换取两个补缀的钵……换取三个补缀的钵……换取四个补缀的钵,犯舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Dvibandhanena pattena abandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Dvibandhanena pattena ekabandhanaṃ pattaṃ…pe… dvibandhanaṃ pattaṃ… tibandhanaṃ pattaṃ… catubandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
用有三个补缀的钵,换取没有补缀的钵……换取一个补缀的钵……换取两个补缀的钵……换取三个补缀的钵……换取四个补缀的钵,犯舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Tibandhanena pattena abandhanaṃ pattaṃ…pe… ekabandhanaṃ pattaṃ…pe… dvibandhanaṃ pattaṃ… tibandhanaṃ pattaṃ… catubandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
用有四个补缀的钵,换取没有补缀的钵……换取一个补缀的钵……换取两个补缀的钵……换取三个补缀的钵……换取四个补缀的钵,犯舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Catubandhanena pattena abandhanaṃ pattaṃ…pe… ekabandhanaṃ pattaṃ… dvibandhanaṃ pattaṃ… tibandhanaṃ pattaṃ… catubandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
用一个没有绑带的钵,换取一个没有绑带位的钵,犯舍堕罪。用一个没有绑带的钵,换取一个有单绑带位的钵……换取一个有双绑带位的钵……换取一个有三绑带位的钵……换取一个有四绑带位的钵,犯舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Abandhanena pattena abandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Abandhanena pattena ekabandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ…pe… dvibandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ … tibandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ… catubandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
用一个绑带的钵,换取一个没有绑带位的钵……换取一个有单绑带位的钵……换取一个有双绑带位的钵……换取一个有三绑带位的钵……换取一个有四绑带位的钵,犯舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Ekabandhanena pattena abandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ…pe… ekabandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ… dvibandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ… tibandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ… catubandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
用有两个补缀的钵,换取一个没有补缀位的钵……换取一个有四个补缀位的钵,犯舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Dvibandhanena pattena abandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ…pe… catubandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
用三个绑带的钵,换取一个没有绑带位的钵……换取一个有四绑带位的钵,犯舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Tibandhanena pattena abandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ…pe… catubandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
用一个有四缚处的钵,换取一个无缚处的钵……换取一个有一缚处的钵……换取一个有二缚处的钵……换取一个有三缚处的钵……换取一个有四缚处的钵,犯尼萨耆亚波逸提。显示巴利原文
Catubandhanena pattena abandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ…pe… ekabandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ… dvibandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ… tibandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ… catubandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
用一个无缚处的钵,换取一个无缚处的钵,犯尼萨耆亚波逸提。用一个无缚处的钵,换取一个有一缚处的钵……换取一个有二缚处的钵……换取一个有三缚处的钵……换取一个有四缚处的钵,犯尼萨耆亚波逸提。显示巴利原文
Abandhanokāsena pattena abandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Abandhanokāsena pattena ekabandhanaṃ pattaṃ…pe… dvibandhanaṃ pattaṃ… tibandhanaṃ pattaṃ… catubandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
用一个有四缚处的钵,换取一个无缚处的钵,犯尼萨耆亚波逸提。用一个有四缚处的钵,换取一个有一缚处的钵……有二缚处的钵……有三缚处的钵……有四缚处的钵,犯尼萨耆亚波逸提。显示巴利原文
Catubandhanokāsena pattena abandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Catubandhanokāsena pattena ekabandhanaṃ pattaṃ…pe… dvibandhanaṃ pattaṃ… tibandhanaṃ pattaṃ… catubandhanaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
用一个无缚处的钵,换取一个无缚处的钵……换取一个有一缚处的钵……换取一个有二缚处的钵……换取一个有三缚处的钵……换取一个有四缚处的钵,犯尼萨耆亚波逸提。显示巴利原文
Abandhanokāsena pattena abandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ…pe… ekabandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ… dvibandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ… tibandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ… catubandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
用一个有四缚处的钵,换取一个无缚处的钵……换取一个有一缚处的钵……换取一个有二缚处的钵……换取一个有三缚处的钵……换取一个有四缚处的钵,犯尼萨耆亚波逸提。显示巴利原文
Catubandhanokāsena pattena abandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ…pe… ekabandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ… dvibandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ… tibandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ… catubandhanokāsaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
617 无犯的情况:钵丢失者、钵破损者、亲属已邀请供养者、为他人代办、用自己的财物、精神失常者、最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti naṭṭhapattassa, bhinnapattassa, ñātakānaṃ pavāritānaṃ, aññassatthāya, attano dhanena, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
3. 药学处显示巴利原文
3. Bhesajjasikkhāpadaṃ
618 那时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时候,具寿毕陵伽婆蹉在王舍城清理山坡,想要造一个洞窟。这时,摩揭陀国频婆娑罗王来到具寿毕陵伽婆蹉这里,走近后礼敬具寿毕陵伽婆蹉,然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁的摩揭陀国频婆娑罗王对具寿毕陵伽婆蹉这样说:“尊者,长老在做什么呢?”“大王,我在清理山坡,想造一个洞窟。”“尊者,圣者需要一位净人吗?”“大王,世尊尚未允许有净人。”“那么,尊者,请您问过世尊后告诉我吧。”“好的,大王。”具寿毕陵伽婆蹉这样回答了摩揭陀国频婆娑罗王。接着,具寿毕陵伽婆蹉以法语教示、激励、鼓舞、令摩揭陀国频婆娑罗王欢喜。那时,摩揭陀国频婆娑罗王被具寿毕陵伽婆蹉以法语教导、激励、鼓舞后,便从座起身,礼敬具寿毕陵伽婆蹉,右绕之后离去。显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā pilindavaccho rājagahe pabbhāraṃ sodhāpeti leṇaṃ kattukāmo. Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro yenāyasmā pilindavaccho tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ pilindavacchaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro āyasmantaṃ pilindavacchaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, thero kārāpetī’’ti? ‘‘Pabbhāraṃ mahārāja, sodhāpemi leṇaṃ kattukāmo’’ti. ‘‘Attho, bhante, ayyassa ārāmikenā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, mahārāja, bhagavatā ārāmiko anuññāto’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bhante, bhagavantaṃ paṭipucchitvā mama āroceyyāthā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ mahārājā’’ti kho āyasmā pilindavaccho rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa paccassosi. Atha kho āyasmā pilindavaccho rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ seniyaṃ bimbisāraṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro āyasmatā pilindavacchena dhammiyā kathāya sandassito samādapito samuttejito sampahaṃsito uṭṭhāyāsanā āyasmantaṃ pilindavacchaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.
619 那时,具寿毕陵伽婆蹉派人传信给世尊:‘尊者,摩揭陀的频婆娑罗王想送一位净人。尊者,我该怎么做呢?’那时,世尊就这个因缘、就这件事作了法谈后,对诸比丘说:‘诸比丘,我允许接受净人。’ 第二次,摩揭陀的频婆娑罗王来到具寿毕陵伽婆蹉那里,到了以后,向具寿毕陵伽婆蹉问讯,然后坐在一边。坐在一边后,摩揭陀的频婆娑罗王对具寿毕陵伽婆蹉说:‘尊者,世尊允许接受净人了吗?’ ‘是的,大王。’ ‘那么,尊者,我要给尊长一位净人。’ 于是,摩揭陀的频婆娑罗王答应了给具寿毕陵伽婆蹉净人,但后来忘了,过了很久才想起来,就对一位管事的大臣说:‘喂,我说要给尊长的净人,给了吗?’ ‘大王,尊长的净人还没给。’ ‘喂,离那时到现在有多久了?’ 于是那位大臣算了一下天数,对摩揭陀的频婆娑罗王说:‘大王,五百天了。’ ‘喂,既然如此,就给尊长五百位净人吧。’ ‘遵命,大王。’那位大臣答应了摩揭陀的频婆娑罗王,就给了具寿毕陵伽婆蹉五百位净人,他们单独住了一个村。人们称那个村为净人村,也称它为毕陵达村。显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā pilindavaccho bhagavato santike dūtaṃ pāhesi – ‘‘rājā, bhante , māgadho seniyo bimbisāro ārāmikaṃ dātukāmo. Kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, mayā paṭipajjitabba’’nti? Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, ārāmika’’nti. Dutiyampi kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro yenāyasmā pilindivaccho tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ pilindavacchaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro āyasmantaṃ pilindavacchaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘anuññāto, bhante, bhagavatā ārāmiko’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, mahārājā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bhante, ayyassa ārāmikaṃ dammī’’ti. Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro āyasmato pilindavacchassa ārāmikaṃ paṭissuṇitvā vissaritvā cirena satiṃ paṭilabhitvā aññataraṃ sabbatthakaṃ mahāmattaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘yo mayā, bhaṇe, ayyassa ārāmiko paṭissuto, dinno so ārāmiko’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, deva, ayyassa ārāmiko dinno’’ti. ‘‘Kīvaciraṃ nu kho, bhaṇe, ito hi taṃ hotī’’ti? Atha kho so mahāmatto rattiyo gaṇetvā rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ seniyaṃ bimbisāraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘pañca, deva, rattisatānī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bhaṇe, ayyassa pañca ārāmikasatāni dehī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, devā’’ti kho so mahāmatto rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa paṭissuṇitvā āyasmato pilindavacchassa pañca ārāmikasatāni pādāsi , pāṭiyekko gāmo nivisi. Ārāmikagāmakotipi naṃ āhaṃsu, pilindagāmakotipi naṃ āhaṃsu.
620 那时候,具寿毕陵伽婆蹉在那个村里是受恭敬供养的常客。一天上午,具寿毕陵伽婆蹉穿好下衣,拿着钵和衣,进入毕陵达村去托钵。那时,村里正在举行庆典,孩子们都打扮得漂漂亮亮,戴着花环玩耍。具寿毕陵伽婆蹉在毕陵达村次第地托钵,来到了一位净人的家。到了以后,就在已铺好的座位上坐下。那时,那位净人妻子的女儿看到别人家的孩子打扮得漂漂亮亮,戴着花环,就哭闹着说:‘给我花环,给我装饰品!’ 于是,具寿毕陵伽婆蹉对那位净人的妻子说:‘这小女孩为什么哭?’ ‘尊者,这女孩看到别人家的孩子打扮得漂漂亮亮,戴着花环,就哭闹说:“给我花环,给我装饰品!”像我们这样穷苦的人,哪来的花环,哪来的装饰品呢?’ 于是,具寿毕陵伽婆蹉拿起一个草环,对那位净人的妻子说:‘来,把这个草环戴在那女孩的头上。’ 那位净人的妻子接过那个草环,把它戴在了女儿的头上。那草环立刻变成了金花环,美丽悦目,令人欢喜。连国王后宫里的金花环也没有这样的。人们就去报告摩揭陀的频婆娑罗王:‘大王,某净人的家里有一个美丽悦目、令人欢喜的金花环。连大王您后宫里的金花环也没有那样的。他那么穷,哪里来的?想必是偷来的!’于是,摩揭陀的频婆娑罗王就叫人把那个净人全家绑了起来。 第二次,具寿毕陵伽婆蹉又在上午,穿好下衣,拿着钵和衣,进入毕陵达村去托钵。他在毕陵达村次第地托钵,又来到了那个净人的住处。到了以后,就问邻居:‘这净人一家到哪去了?’ ‘尊者,因为那个金花环的事,被国王绑起来了。’显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā pilindavaccho tasmiṃ gāmake kulūpako hoti. Atha kho āyasmā pilindavaccho pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaraṃ ādāya pilindagāmakaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Tena kho pana samayena tasmiṃ gāmake ussavo hoti. Dārakā alaṅkatā mālākitā kīḷanti. Atha kho āyasmā pilindavaccho pilindagāmake sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caramāno yena aññatarassa ārāmikassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Tena kho pana samayena tassā ārāmikiniyā dhītā aññe dārake alaṅkate mālākite passitvā rodati – ‘‘mālaṃ me detha, alaṅkāraṃ me dethā’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā pilindavaccho taṃ ārāmikiniṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kissāyaṃ dārikā rodatī’’ti? ‘‘Ayaṃ, bhante, dārikā aññe dārake alaṅkate mālākite passitvā rodati – ‘mālaṃ me detha, alaṅkāraṃ me dethā’ti. Kuto amhākaṃ duggatānaṃ mālā kuto, alaṅkāro’’ti? Atha kho āyasmā pilindavaccho aññataraṃ tiṇaṇḍupakaṃ gahetvā taṃ ārāmikiniṃ etadavoca – ‘‘handimaṃ tiṇaṇḍupakaṃ tassā dārikāya sīse paṭimuñcā’’ti. Atha kho sā ārāmikinī taṃ tiṇaṇḍupakaṃ gahetvā tassā dārikāya sīse paṭimuñci. Sā ahosi suvaṇṇamālā abhirūpā dassanīyā pāsādikā. Natthi tādisā raññopi antepure suvaṇṇamālā. Manussā rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa ārocesuṃ – ‘‘amukassa, deva, ārāmikassa ghare suvaṇṇamālā abhirūpā dassanīyā pāsādikā. Natthi tādisā devassāpi antepure suvaṇṇamālā. Kuto tassa duggatassa! Nissaṃsayaṃ corikāya ābhatā’’ti!! Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro taṃ ārāmikakulaṃ bandhāpesi. Dutiyampi kho āyasmā pilindavaccho pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaraṃ ādāya pilindagāmakaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Pilindagāmake sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caramāno yena tassa ārāmikassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paṭivissake pucchi – ‘‘kahaṃ imaṃ ārāmikakulaṃ gata’’nti? ‘‘Etissā, bhante, suvaṇṇamālāya kāraṇā raññā bandhāpita’’nti.
621 于是,具寿毕陵伽婆蹉就来到了摩揭陀的频婆娑罗王的住处。到了以后,在已铺好的座位上坐下。摩揭陀的频婆娑罗王来到具寿毕陵伽婆蹉那里,到了以后,向具寿毕陵伽婆蹉问讯,然后坐在一边。具寿毕陵伽婆蹉就对坐在一边的摩揭陀的频婆娑罗王说:‘大王,为什么把那净人一家绑起来?’ ‘尊者,那个净人的家里有一个美丽悦目、令人欢喜的金花环。连我们后宫里的金花环也没有那样的。他那么穷,哪来的?想必是偷来的!’ 那时,具寿毕陵伽婆蹉就将摩揭陀的频婆娑罗王的宫殿,以神变力令其呈现为纯金的。他便问:‘大王,你哪有这么多金子呢?’ ‘我明白了,尊者,这全都是尊长您的神通威力所致。’ 国王便释放了那个净人一家。人们知道了‘据说尊长毕陵伽婆蹉对国王及其眷属示现了上人法的神通神变’,都很欢喜,心生净信,就给具寿毕陵伽婆蹉送去了五种药,即:酥、生酥、油、蜂蜜、糖浆。具寿毕陵伽婆蹉本来也就常常得到这五种药的供养。他每次收到后,就分给身边的人。而他的那些随从人员却很贪多,把收到的药装满瓶瓶罐罐收藏起来,装进滤囊和布袋挂在窗户上。这些东西或滴或漏,搞得精舍里到处都是老鼠乱窜。人们在寺院里走动时看见了,就讥嫌、批评、指责说:‘这些沙门释迦子就像存了好多东西在库房里一样,简直跟摩揭陀的频婆娑罗王似的!’ 那些少欲的诸比丘听到了人们的讥嫌、批评、指责,也讥嫌、批评、指责说:‘诸比丘怎么可以热衷于这样的贪多囤积呢!’ 于是,那些比丘用种种方法呵责后,就把这件事报告了世尊…… ‘诸比丘,据说诸比丘确实热衷于这样的贪多囤积吗?’ ‘确实如此,世尊。’ 佛陀世尊呵责说…… ‘诸比丘,那些愚痴的人怎么能热衷于这样的贪多囤积呢!诸比丘,这不能令未生信者生信…… 再者,诸比丘,你们应当这样诵学处:显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā pilindavaccho yena rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro yenāyasmā pilindavaccho tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ pilindavacchaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ seniyaṃ bimbisāraṃ āyasmā pilindavaccho etadavoca – ‘‘kissa, mahārāja, ārāmikakulaṃ bandhāpita’’nti? ‘‘Tassa, bhante, ārāmikassa ghare suvaṇṇamālā abhirūpā dassanīyā pāsādikā. Natthi tādisā amhākampi antepure suvaṇṇamālā. Kuto tassa duggatassa! Nissaṃsayaṃ corikāya ābhatā’’ti!! Atha kho āyasmā pilindavaccho rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa pāsādaṃ suvaṇṇanti adhimucci. So ahosi sabbasovaṇṇamayo. ‘‘Idaṃ pana te, mahārāja, tāva bahuṃ suvaṇṇaṃ kuto’’ti? ‘‘Aññātaṃ, bhante, ayyasseveso iddhānubhāvo’’ti. Taṃ ārāmikakulaṃ muñcāpesi. Manussā – ‘‘ayyena kira pilindavacchena sarājikāya parisāya uttarimanussadhammaṃ iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dassita’’nti, attamanā abhippasannā āyasmato pilindavacchassa pañca bhesajjāni abhihariṃsu, seyyathidaṃ – sappi navanītaṃ telaṃ madhu phāṇitaṃ. Pakatiyāpi ca āyasmā pilindavaccho lābhī hoti pañcannaṃ bhesajjānaṃ. Laddhaṃ laddhaṃ parisāya vissajjeti. Parisā cassa hoti bāhullikā. Laddhaṃ laddhaṃ kolambepi ghaṭepi pūretvā paṭisāmeti, parissāvanānipi thavikāyopi pūretvā vātapānesu laggeti. Tāni olīnavilīnāni tiṭṭhanti. Undūrehipi vihārā okiṇṇavikiṇṇā honti. Manussā vihāracārikaṃ āhiṇḍantā passitvā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘antokoṭṭhāgārikā ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā, seyyathāpi rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro’’ti ! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhū evarūpāya bāhullāya cetessantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū te anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū evarūpāya bāhullāya cetentī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā evarūpāya bāhullāya cetessanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
622 病比丘可以服用的那些药——就是酥、生酥、油、蜜、糖——接受后最多可储存服用七天;超过这个期限,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Yānikho pana tāni gilānānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ paṭisāyanīyāni bhesajjāni, seyyathidaṃ – sappi navanītaṃ telaṃ madhu phāṇitaṃ, tāni paṭiggahetvā sattāhaparamaṃ sannidhikārakaṃ paribhuñjitabbāni. Taṃ atikkāmayato nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
623 ‘酥’是指:牛酥、山羊酥、水牛酥等那些肉可以吃的动物的酥。‘生酥’是指那些同样动物的生酥。‘油’是指:芝麻油、芥子油、蜜树油、蓖麻油、兽脂油。‘蜂蜜’是指:蜜蜂酿的蜜。‘糖浆’是指:从甘蔗提炼出来的。显示巴利原文
ti nāma gosappi vā ajikāsappi vā mahiṃsasappi vā yesaṃ maṃsaṃ kappati tesaṃ sappi. nāma tesaṃ yeva navanītaṃ. nāma tilatelaṃ sāsapatelaṃ madhukatelaṃ eraṇḍatelaṃ vasātelaṃ. nāma makkhikāmadhu. nāma ucchumhā nibbattaṃ.
‘最多存放七日’,然后可以服用。显示巴利原文
ti sattāhaparamatā paribhuñjitabbāni.
到了第八天的明相升起时,便犯了‘舍堕’。必须舍弃给僧团、给一个团体、或给一个人。再者,诸比丘,应当这样舍弃:…… ‘尊者,我这药已超过七日,是舍堕的,我现在把它舍给僧团。’……‘应当给与’……‘应当给与’……‘我把它给具寿。’显示巴利原文
ti aṭṭhame aruṇuggamane nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, bhesajjaṃ sattāhātikkantaṃ nissaggiyaṃ, imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
624 于超过七日,有超过想,舍堕罪。于超过七日,有疑,舍堕罪。于超过七日,有未超过想,舍堕罪。于未决意,有已决意想,舍堕罪。于未分发,有已分发想,舍堕罪。于未失去,有已失去想,舍堕罪。于未毁坏,有已毁坏想,舍堕罪。于未烧掉,有已烧掉想,舍堕罪。于未失窃,有已失窃想,舍堕罪。显示巴利原文
Sattāhātikkante atikkantasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Sattāhātikkante vematiko, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Sattāhātikkante anatikkantasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Anadhiṭṭhite adhiṭṭhitasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Avissajjite vissajjitasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Anaṭṭhe naṭṭhasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Avinaṭṭhe vinaṭṭhasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Adaḍḍhe daḍḍhasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Avilutte viluttasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
已舍出的药得到后,不得以身体受用而使用,不得吞食;应将它靠近灯火或黑色染料;应由其他比丘以身体受用而使用,不得吞食。显示巴利原文
Nissaṭṭhaṃ paṭilabhitvā na kāyikena paribhogena paribhuñjitabbaṃ, na ajjhoharitabbaṃ, padīpe vā kāḷavaṇṇe vā upanetabbaṃ, aññena bhikkhunā kāyikena paribhogena paribhuñjitabbaṃ, na ajjhoharitabbaṃ.
七日已过而持“已过”想,犯恶作罪。七日已过而心疑,犯恶作罪。七日已过而持“未过”想,不犯。显示巴利原文
Sattāhānatikkante atikkantasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Sattāhānatikkante vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Sattāhānatikkante anatikkantasaññī, anāpatti.
625 不犯情况:于七日内决意,舍弃,丢失,毁坏,烧毁,被人夺走,因信赖而取;对未受具足戒者,以已舍弃、已吐出、已放弃而无期待地给与之后,又得到而使用;疯癫者,最初的违犯者。(此等不犯。)显示巴利原文
Anāpatti antosattāhaṃ adhiṭṭheti, vissajjeti, nassati, vinassati, ḍayhati, acchinditvā gaṇhanti, vissāsaṃ gaṇhanti, anupasampannassa cattena vantena muttena anapekkho datvā paṭilabhitvā paribhuñjati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
4. 雨季浴衣学处显示巴利原文
4. Vassikasāṭikasikkhāpadaṃ
626 那时,世尊佛陀住在舍卫城祇树林给孤独的园。当时,世尊已允许诸比丘使用雨季浴衣。六群比丘心想“世尊已允许雨季浴衣了”,便在雨季未到时就预先寻求雨季浴衣布料,预先缝制了来穿着,还穿着破旧的雨季浴衣,裸着身子任由雨淋。那些少欲的比丘……他们不满、批评、指责说:“六群比丘怎么能在雨季未到时就预先寻求雨季浴衣布料,预先缝制了来穿着,还穿着破旧的雨季浴衣,裸着身子任由雨淋呢!”那时,那些比丘从种种角度呵责了六群比丘之后,将此事报告了世尊……(世尊)说:“诸比丘,听说你们确实在雨季未到时就预先寻求雨季浴衣布料,预先缝制了来穿着,还穿着破旧的雨季浴衣,裸着身子任由雨淋,这是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”世尊佛陀呵责……说:“你们这些愚蠢的人,怎么能在雨季未到时就预先寻求雨季浴衣布料,预先缝制了来穿着,还穿着破旧的雨季浴衣,裸着身子任由雨淋呢!愚蠢的人,这既不能让未生信者生信……(呵责后)诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出此学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ vassikasāṭikā anuññātā hoti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū – ‘‘bhagavatā vassikasāṭikā anuññātā’’ti, paṭikacceva vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ pariyesanti, paṭikacceva katvā nivāsenti, jiṇṇāya vassikasāṭikāya naggā kāyaṃ ovassāpenti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū paṭikacceva vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ pariyesissanti, paṭikacceva katvā nivāsessanti, jiṇṇāya vassikasāṭikāya naggā kāyaṃ ovassāpessantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, paṭikacceva vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ pariyesatha? Paṭikacceva katvā nivāsetha? Jiṇṇāya vassikasāṭikāya naggā kāyaṃ ovassāpethā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe moghapurisā, paṭikacceva vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ pariyesissatha, paṭikacceva katvā nivāsessatha, jiṇṇāya vassikasāṭikāya naggā kāyaṃ ovassāpessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
627 比丘应当在『夏季还剩一个月』时去寻求雨浴衣,在『夏季还剩半个月』时做好穿用。如果在『夏季还剩超过一个月』时就去寻求雨浴衣,在『还剩超过半个月』时就做好穿用,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Māso seso gimhāna’nti bhikkhunā vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ pariyesitabbaṃ; ‘addhamāsoseso gimhāna’nti katvā nivāsetabbaṃ. ‘Orena ce māso seso gimhāna’nti vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ pariyeseyya, ‘orenaddhamāso seso gimhāna’nti katvā nivāseyya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
628 对那些先前也供养雨季浴衣布料的人们,比丘可以前往他们那里如此而说:“现在是雨季浴衣的时候,是雨季浴衣的时机,其他人也在供养雨季浴衣布料了。”但不得这样说:“把雨季浴衣布料给我,为我拿雨季浴衣布料来,为我换取雨季浴衣布料,为我买雨季浴衣布料。”显示巴利原文
nti. Ye manussā pubbepi vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ denti te upasaṅkamitvā evamassu vacanīyā – ‘‘kālo vassikasāṭikāya, samayo vassikasāṭikāya, aññepi manussā vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ dentī’’ti. Na vattabbā – ‘‘detha me vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ, āharatha me vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ, parivattetha me vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ, cetāpetha me vassikasāṭikacīvara’’nti.
应在热季最后半个月时,缝制了来穿着。显示巴利原文
nti. Addhamāse sese gimhāne katvā nivāsetabbaṃ.
在热季尚余超过一个月时寻求雨衣,犯尼萨耆亚波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti atirekamāse sesa gimhāne vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ pariyesati, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
热季尚余超过半个月时缝制后穿着,犯尼萨耆亚。应当舍给僧团、或团体、或个人。诸比丘,应当这样舍:……『尊者,我这件雨衣是在热季尚余超过一个月时寻求的,在热季尚余超过半个月时缝制后穿着的,是应舍的。我现在把这件衣舍给僧团。』……『应该给』……『应该给』……『我给具寿。』显示巴利原文
nti atirekaddhamāse sese gimhāne katvā nivāseti, nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante , vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ atirekamāse sese gimhāne pariyiṭṭhaṃ atirekaddhamāse sese gimhāne katvā paridahitaṃ nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti.…Pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
629 在热季尚余超过一个月时,认为尚余超过而寻求雨衣,犯尼萨耆亚波逸提。在热季尚余超过一个月时,心存疑虑而寻求雨衣,犯尼萨耆亚波逸提。在热季尚余超过一个月时,认为不足而寻求雨衣,犯尼萨耆亚波逸提。显示巴利原文
Atirekamāse sese gimhāne atirekasaññī vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ pariyesati, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Atirekamāse sese gimhāne vematiko vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ pariyesati, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Atirekamāse sese gimhāne ūnakasaññī vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ pariyesati, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
在热季尚余超过半个月时,认为尚余超过而缝制后穿着,犯尼萨耆亚波逸提。在热季尚余超过半个月时,心存疑虑而缝制后穿着,犯尼萨耆亚波逸提。在热季尚余超过半个月时,认为不足而缝制后穿着,犯尼萨耆亚波逸提。显示巴利原文
Atirekaddhamāse sese gimhāne atirekasaññī katvā nivāseti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Atirekaddhamāse sese gimhāne vematiko katvā nivāseti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ . Atirekaddhamāse sese gimhāne ūnakasaññī katvā nivāseti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
有雨衣却光着身子让雨淋湿身体,犯恶作。在热季尚余不足一个月时,认为尚余超过,犯恶作。在热季尚余不足一个月时,心存疑虑,犯恶作。在热季尚余不足一个月时,认为不足,无罪。显示巴利原文
Satiyā vassikasāṭikāya naggo kāyaṃ ovassāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakamāse sese gimhāne atirekasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakamāse sese gimhāne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakamāse sese gimhāne ūnakasaññī, anāpatti.
在热季尚余不足半个月时,却认为尚余超过半个月,犯恶作。在热季尚余不足半个月时,心存疑虑,犯恶作。在热季尚余不足半个月时,认为不足,無罪。显示巴利原文
Ūnakaddhamāse sese gimhāne atirekasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakaddhamāse sese gimhāne vematiko , āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakaddhamāse sese gimhāne ūnakasaññī, anāpatti.
630 无犯:认为「热季还剩一个月」而寻求雨衣;认为「热季还剩半个月」而缝制后穿著;认为「热季剩下不到一个月」而寻求雨衣;认为「热季剩下不到半个月」而缝制后穿著;寻求了雨衣之后,雨季延长了;缝制并穿著了雨衣之后,雨季延长了;洗好后应当存放起来,到了时节再穿著;衣服被撕破的;衣服丢失的;遭遇灾祸时;精神失常者;最初的犯行者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ‘māso seso gimhāna’nti vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ pariyesati , ‘addhamāso seso gimhāna’nti katvā nivāseti, ‘ūnakamāso seso gimhāna’nti vassikasāṭikacīvaraṃ pariyesati, ‘ūnakaddhamāso seso gimhāna’nti katvā nivāseti, pariyiṭṭhāya vassikasāṭikāya vassaṃ ukkaḍḍhiyyati, nivatthāya vassikasāṭikāya vassaṃ ukkaḍḍhiyyati, dhovitvā nikkhipitabbaṃ; samaye nivāsetabbaṃ, acchinnacīvarassa, naṭṭhacīvarassa, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
5. 夺衣学处显示巴利原文
5. Cīvaraacchindanasikkhāpadaṃ
631 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,具寿优波难陀·释迦子对他兄弟的同住弟子、一位比丘这样说:‘来吧,贤友,我们去乡间游方吧。’那位比丘说:‘尊者,我不去了,我的衣服太单薄了。’优波难陀就说:‘来吧,贤友,我给你衣服。’于是把衣服给了他。后来,那位比丘听说:‘听说世尊要出发去乡间游方了。’他心想:‘我不跟具寿优波难陀·释迦子一起去游方了,我要跟着世尊去游方。’后来,具寿优波难陀·释迦子对那位比丘说:‘来吧,贤友,现在我们出发去乡间游方吧。’那位比丘说:‘尊者,我不跟你一起去游方了,我要跟着世尊去游方。’优波难陀说:‘我给你那件衣服,就是为了让你跟我一起去游方的!’他心里又气又恼,就把那件衣服夺了回去。显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto bhātuno saddhivihārikaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ehāvuso, janapadacārikaṃ pakkamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhante, gamissāmi; dubbalacīvaromhī’’ti. ‘‘Ehāvuso, ahaṃ te cīvaraṃ dassāmī’’ti tassa cīvaraṃ adāsi. Assosi kho so bhikkhu – ‘‘bhagavā kira janapadacārikaṃ pakkamissatī’’ti. Atha kho tassa bhikkhuno etadahosi – ‘‘na dānāhaṃ āyasmatā upanandena sakyaputtena saddhiṃ janapadacārikaṃ pakkamissāmi, bhagavatā saddhiṃ janapadacārikaṃ pakkamissāmī’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ehi dāni, āvuso, janapadacārikaṃ pakkamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhante, tayā saddhiṃ janapadacārikaṃ pakkamissāmi, bhagavatā saddhiṃ janapadacārikaṃ pakkamissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Yampi tyāhaṃ, āvuso, cīvaraṃ adāsiṃ, mayā saddhiṃ janapadacārikaṃ pakkamissatī’’ti, kupito anattamano acchindi.
那位比丘就把这件事告诉了其他比丘。那些少欲知足的诸比丘纷纷指责批评:‘具寿优波难陀·释迦子怎么能这样!自己亲手把衣服给了比丘,心里一气恼就夺回去!’他们用各种方式呵责了具寿优波难陀·释迦子之后,把这件事禀告了世尊。世尊问:‘优波难陀,听说你亲手把衣服给了一位比丘,后来心里气恼,又夺回去了,这是真的吗?’‘是真的,世尊。’佛陀世尊呵责他:‘愚人!你怎么能亲手把衣服给了一位比丘,心里一气恼就夺回去呢!愚人,这样做不能让没有信心的人生起信心……’接着,佛陀说:‘诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处:显示巴利原文
Atha kho so bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto bhikkhussa sāmaṃ cīvaraṃ datvā kupito anattamano acchindissatī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, upananda, bhikkhussa sāmaṃ cīvaraṃ datvā kupito anattamano acchindī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa , bhikkhussa sāmaṃ cīvaraṃ datvā kupito anattamano acchindissasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
632 任何比丘,自己把衣送给了别的比丘,后来生气、不满,又把衣抢回来,或叫人抢回来,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhussa sāmaṃ cīvaraṃ datvā kupito anattamano acchindeyya vā acchindāpeyya vā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
633 这里的‘比丘’,是指这样一类人……也就是在这个意义下,所指的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
‘给另一位比丘’,就是给另外的其他比丘。显示巴利原文
ti aññassa bhikkhussa.
——这样自己给了。显示巴利原文
nti sayaṃ datvā.
名为六种衣中的某一种衣,是最后一件需要净施的。显示巴利原文
nāma channaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ, vikappanupagaṃ pacchimaṃ.
这样,不高兴、心受打击、生起了嫌恶。显示巴利原文
ti anabhiraddho āhatacitto khilajāto.
亲自抢夺,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
ti sayaṃ acchindati, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ .
命令他人抢夺,犯恶作。只命令一次而让对方抢夺多件,犯舍堕。所抢织物须舍给僧团、或僧团内某一组、或某一位比丘。诸比丘,应当这样舍:……
『尊者,这件衣是我亲自给了一位比丘后又抢回来的,属于应舍之物。我现在把它舍给僧团。』……
『应当给与。』……
『应当给与。』……
『我交给具寿您。』显示巴利原文
ti aññaṃ āṇāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Sakiṃ āṇatto bahukampi acchindati, nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, cīvaraṃ bhikkhussa sāmaṃ datvā acchinnaṃ nissaggiyaṃ imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti …pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
634 对已受具足戒者,有已受具足戒想,把衣给他之后,因生气、不高兴而自己抢夺,或叫人抢夺,犯舍堕。对已受具足戒者,有疑惑,把衣给他之后,因生气、不高兴而自己抢夺,或叫人抢夺,犯舍堕。对已受具足戒者,有未受具足戒想,把衣给他之后,因生气、不高兴而自己抢夺,或叫人抢夺,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Upasampanne upasampannasaññī cīvaraṃ datvā kupito anattamano acchindati vā acchindāpeti vā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Upasampanne vematiko cīvaraṃ datvā kupito anattamano acchindati vā acchindāpeti vā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Upasampanne anupasampannasaññī cīvaraṃ datvā kupito anattamano acchindati vā acchindāpeti vā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
把其他资具给了别人之后,因生气、不高兴而自己抢夺,或叫人抢夺,犯恶作。把衣或其他资具给了未受具足戒者之后,因生气、不高兴而自己抢夺,或叫人抢夺,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者,有已受具足戒想,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者,有疑惑,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者,有未受具足戒想,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Aññaṃ parikkhāraṃ datvā kupito anattamano acchindati vā acchindāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampannassa cīvaraṃ vā aññaṃ vā parikkhāraṃ datvā kupito anattamano acchindati vā acchindāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne upasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne anupasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
635 不犯的情况有:那个人自己送还;出于信任而向他拿取;对精神失常者、最初犯者而言不犯。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – so vā deti, tassa vā vissasanto gaṇhāti, ummattakassa ādikammikassāti.
6. 求线学处显示巴利原文
6. Suttaviññattisikkhāpadaṃ
636 那时,佛陀世尊住在王舍城竹林园迦兰陀鸟林。那时候,六群比丘在做衣的时候,化缘索要了很多线。衣做好了之后,还有很多线剩下来。这时,六群比丘心里想:“来,贤友们,我们再去化缘索要些别的线,找织布工把这些线织成衣吧。”于是,六群比丘又化缘索要了别的线,找织布工织成了衣。衣织好了之后,还有很多线剩下来。第二次,六群比丘又化缘索要了别的线,找织布工织成了衣。衣织好了之后,还有很多线剩下来。第三次,六群比丘又化缘索要了别的线,找织布工织成了衣。人们讥嫌、批评、到处抱怨说:“这些沙门释子怎么能自己化缘索要了线,还找织布工织成衣呢!”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū cīvarakārasamaye bahuṃ suttaṃ viññāpesuṃ. Katepi cīvare bahuṃ suttaṃ avasiṭṭhaṃ hoti. Atha kho chabbaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘handa mayaṃ, āvuso, aññampi suttaṃ viññāpetvā tantavāyehi cīvaraṃ vāyāpemā’’ti. Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū aññampi suttaṃ viññāpetvā tantavāyehi cīvaraṃ vāyāpesuṃ. Vītepi cīvare bahuṃ suttaṃ avasiṭṭhaṃ hoti. Dutiyampi kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū aññampi suttaṃ viññāpetvā tantavāyehi cīvaraṃ vāyāpesuṃ. Vītepi cīvare bahuṃ suttaṃ avasiṭṭhaṃ hoti. Tatiyampi kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū aññampi suttaṃ viññāpetvā tantavāyehi cīvaraṃ vāyāpesuṃ. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā sāmaṃ suttaṃ viññāpetvā tantavāyehi cīvaraṃ vāyāpessantī’’ti!
那些比丘听到了这些人的讥嫌、批评和抱怨。那些少欲的诸比丘也讥嫌、批评、抱怨说:“六群比丘怎么能自己化缘索要了线,还找织布工织成衣呢!”之后,那些比丘用种种方式呵责了六群比丘,然后把这件事禀告了世尊。……
“诸比丘,你们真的自己化缘索要了线,还找织布工织成衣吗?”
“是真的,世尊。”
佛陀世尊呵责说:……“愚痴的人们!你们怎么能自己化缘索要了线,还找织布工织成衣呢!愚痴的人们!这件事不能令未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵这条学处——显示巴利原文
Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sāmaṃ suttaṃ viññāpetvā tantavāyehi cīvaraṃ vāyāpessantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave , sāmaṃ suttaṃ viññāpetvā tantavāyehi cīvaraṃ vāyāpethā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, sāmaṃ suttaṃ viññāpetvā tantavāyehi cīvaraṃ vāyāpessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
637 任何比丘,自己乞来线,叫织工织成衣,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Yo pana bhikkhu sāmaṃ suttaṃ viññāpetvā tantavāyehi cīvaraṃ vāyāpeyya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
638 这里所说的“此等类……如此……的比丘”,即是指在这个意义上所说的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
自行乞求。显示巴利原文
nti sayaṃ viññāpetvā.
有六种线:亚麻线、棉线、丝线、羊毛线、麻线、粗麻线。显示巴利原文
nāma cha suttāni – khomaṃ kappāsikaṃ koseyyaṃ kambalaṃ sāṇaṃ bhaṅgaṃ.
让织布工纺织。每次努力(操作)都犯恶作。得到(衣服)时,成为舍堕(罪)。(衣物)应舍给僧团、或舍给(若干人的)小组、或舍给个人。而且,诸比丘,应这样舍:……“尊者,这件衣是我自己乞求线后、让织布工纺织而成的,是舍堕(的物品)。我将其舍给僧团。”……(僧团)应给与……(彼)应给与……“我交给具寿。”显示巴利原文
ti pesakārehi vāyāpeti, payoge payoge dukkaṭaṃ . Paṭilābhena nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, cīvaraṃ sāmaṃ suttaṃ viññāpetvā tantavāyehi vāyāpitaṃ nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
639 当(衣物)已织成时,有“已织成”的知觉,犯舍堕波逸提。当(衣物)已织成时,心有疑惑,犯舍堕波逸提。当(衣物)已织成时,有“未织成”的知觉,犯舍堕波逸提。显示巴利原文
Vāyāpite vāyāpitasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Vāyāpite vematiko, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Vāyāpite avāyāpitasaññī, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
当(衣物)未织成时,有“已织成”的知觉,犯恶作。当(衣物)未织成时,心有疑惑,犯恶作。当(衣物)未织成时,有“未织成”的知觉,不犯。显示巴利原文
Avāyāpite vāyāpitasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Avāyāpite vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Avāyāpite avāyāpitasaññī, anāpatti.
640 不犯的情况有:为了缝补衣、系带、腰带、肩带、钵袋、滤水囊;为自己亲属(求);为自己已邀请的施主(求);为了其他比丘(求);用自己财物(购得);精神失常者;最初的犯戒者。完毕。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – cīvaraṃ sibbetuṃ, āyoge, kāyabandhane, aṃsabandhake , pattatthavikāya, parissāvane, ñātakānaṃ, pavāritānaṃ, aññassatthāya, attano dhanena, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
7. 大织匠学处显示巴利原文
7. Mahāpesakārasikkhāpadaṃ
641 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,有一位男子要出远门,临行前对妻子这样说:“你把线保存好,交给某某织布匠,让他织成衣存放起来。等我回来后,我要用这件衣供养具寿优波难陀。”有位乞食的比丘听见了那男子正在说的这番话。于是,那位比丘就去拜见具寿优波难陀·释迦子。到了之后,他对具寿优波难陀·释迦子这样说:“优波难陀尊者,你真是有大福德啊!在某某地方,有位男子要出远门前对他妻子这样说:‘你把线保存好,交给某某织布匠,让他织成衣存放起来。等我回来后,我要用这件衣供养具寿优波难陀。’”优波难陀说:“贤友,他是我的护持者。”而那位织布匠也正好是优波难陀的护持者。于是,具寿优波难陀·释迦子就去找那位织布匠。到了之后,他对那织布匠这样说:“贤友,这件衣是为我而织的吧?你要把它织得长一些,宽一些,做得紧密些,而且织得平整、整齐、光滑、柔和。”织布匠回答:“尊者,夫人是把这些线交给我说:‘用这些线织一件衣。’尊者,用这些线我没法织得更长、更宽,或做得更紧密。不过,我倒可以把它织平整、整齐、光滑、柔和。”优波难陀说:“哎呀,贤友,你尽管织得长一些、宽一些、紧密一些,不会被这些线限住的。”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro puriso pavāsaṃ gacchanto pajāpatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘suttaṃ dhārayitvā amukassa tantavāyassa dehi, cīvaraṃ vāyāpetvā nikkhipa, āgato ayyaṃ upanandaṃ cīvarena acchādessāmī’’ti. Assosi kho aññataro piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu tassa purisassa imaṃ vācaṃ bhāsamānassa. Atha kho so bhikkhu yenāyasmā upanando sakyaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mahāpuññosi tvaṃ, āvuso upananda, amukasmiṃ okāse aññataro puriso pavāsaṃ gacchanto pajāpatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘suttaṃ dhārayitvā amukassa tantavāyassa dehi, cīvaraṃ vāyāpetvā nikkhipa, āgato ayyaṃ upanandaṃ cīvarena acchādessāmī’’ti. ‘‘Atthāvuso, maṃ so upaṭṭhāko’’ti. Sopi kho tantavāyo āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa upaṭṭhāko hoti. Atha kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto yena so tantavāyo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ tantavāyaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idaṃ kho, āvuso, cīvaraṃ maṃ uddissa viyyati; āyatañca karohi vitthatañca. Appitañca suvītañca suppavāyitañca suvilekhitañca suvitacchitañca karohī’’ti. ‘‘Ete kho me, bhante, suttaṃ dhārayitvā adaṃsu; iminā suttena cīvaraṃ vināhī’’ti. ‘‘Na, bhante, sakkā āyataṃ vā vitthataṃ vā appitaṃ vā kātuṃ. Sakkā ca kho, bhante, suvītañca suppavāyitañca suvilekhitañca suvitacchitañca kātu’’nti. ‘‘Iṅgha tvaṃ, āvuso, āyatañca karohi vitthatañca appitañca. Na tena suttena paṭibaddhaṃ bhavissatī’’ti.
于是,那位织布匠就把所带来的线拿到织机上织了之后,去找那位妇女。到了之后,他这样对那位妇女说:“夫人,还需要线。”妇女说:“先生,我不是跟你说了‘用这些线织一件衣’吗?”织布匠说:“是的,夫人,您确实跟我说了‘用这些线织一件衣’。但是,优波难陀尊者这样对我说:‘来吧,贤友,你把它织得长一些、宽一些、紧密一些,不会被这些线限住。’”于是,那位妇女便又给了与最初所给等量的线。后来,具寿优波难陀·释迦子听说那位男子已经从外地回来了,就前往那位男子的住处。到了之后,在铺设好的座位上坐下。那位男子就去拜见具寿优波难陀·释迦子,顶礼之后,在一旁坐下。坐在一旁后,那位男子对妻子说:“衣织好了吗?”妻子回答:“是的,夫君,衣织好了。”男子说:“拿来,我要供养具寿优波难陀衣。”于是,那位妇女将衣拿出来交给丈夫,并说明了事情经过。那位男子就把衣供养给具寿优波难陀·释迦子,然后心里不满,抱怨、指责说:“这些沙门释子显示巴利原文
Atha kho so tantavāyo yathābhataṃ suttaṃ tante upanetvā yena sā itthī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ itthiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘suttena, ayye, attho’’ti. ‘‘Nanu tvaṃ ayyo mayā vutto – ‘iminā suttena cīvaraṃ vināhī’’’ti. ‘‘Saccāhaṃ, ayye, tayā vutto – ‘iminā suttena cīvaraṃ vināhī’ti. Apica, maṃ ayyo upanando evamāha – ‘iṅgha tvaṃ, āvuso, āyatañca karohi vitthatañca appitañca, na tena suttena paṭibaddhaṃ bhavissatī’’’ti. Atha kho sā itthī yattakaṃyeva suttaṃ paṭhamaṃ adāsi tattakaṃ pacchā adāsi. Assosi kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto – ‘‘so kira puriso pavāsato āgato’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto yena tassa purisassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho so puriso yenāyasmā upanando sakyaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so puriso pajāpatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘vītaṃ taṃ cīvara’’nti? ‘‘Āmāyya, vītaṃ taṃ cīvara’’nti. ‘‘Āhara, ayyaṃ upanandaṃ cīvarena acchādessāmī’’ti. Atha kho sā itthī taṃ cīvaraṃ nīharitvā sāmikassa datvā etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Atha kho so puriso āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa cīvaraṃ datvā ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti – ‘‘mahicchā ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā asantuṭṭhā. Nayime sukarā cīvarena acchādetuṃ. Kathañhi nāma ayyo upanando mayā pubbe appavārito tantavāye upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjissatī’’ti.
那些少欲的诸比丘听见了那位男子的不满、抱怨和指责。那些少欲的比丘……他们也这样不满、抱怨、指责说:“怎么具寿优波难陀·释迦子会在事先未受邀请的情况下,就去一位居士的织布匠那里,对衣的做法提出额外要求呢!”于是,那些比丘用种种方式呵责了具寿优波难陀·释迦子之后,就把事情禀告了世尊。……世尊问:“优波难陀,听说你确实在事先未受邀请的情况下,去一位居士的织布匠那里,对衣的做法提出额外要求,这是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”“优波难陀,那个织布匠是你的亲属,还是非亲属?”“是非亲属,世尊。”“愚人!对非亲属的人,你难道不知道什么是适当、什么是不适当,什么是该做的、什么是不该做的吗?你竟在事先未受邀请的情况下,去一位非亲属居士的织布匠那里,对衣的做法提出额外要求!愚人,这不是令未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵这个学处——显示巴利原文
Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tassa purisassa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto pubbe appavārito gahapatikassa tantavāye upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjissatī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, upananda, pubbe appavārito gahapatikassa tantavāye upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Ñātako te, upananda, aññātako’’ti? ‘‘Aññātako, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Aññātako, moghapurisa, aññātakassa na jānāti patirūpaṃ vā appatirūpaṃ vā santaṃ vā asantaṃ vā. Tattha nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, pubbe appavārito aññātakassa gahapatikassa tantavāye upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjissasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
642 如果有非亲属的居士或居士妇,叫织工为某位比丘织衣;这位比丘事先没有受到邀请,就跑到织工那里对织衣提要求,说『朋友,这件衣是为我织的,请织得长一些、宽一些、密实、织好、刮净、梳理整齐;这样我们也会给你们一点什么』。这位比丘这样说后,真的给了一点什么,哪怕只是一钵饭的量,也犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Bhikkhuṃ paneva uddissa aññātako gahapati vā gahapatānī vā tantavāyehi cīvaraṃ vāyāpeyya, tatra ce so bhikkhu pubbe appavārito tantavāye upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjeyya – ‘idaṃ kho, āvuso, cīvaraṃ maṃ uddissa viyyati. Āyatañca karotha vitthatañca. Appitañca suvītañca suppavāyitañca suvilekhitañca suvitacchitañca karotha. Appeva nāma mayampi āyasmantānaṃ kiñcimattaṃ anupadajjeyyāmā’ti. Evañca so bhikkhu vatvā kiñcimattaṃ anupadajjeyya antamaso piṇḍapātamattampi, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
643 为了比丘的所需,以比丘为所缘后,想要覆盖比丘。显示巴利原文
ti bhikkhussatthāya bhikkhuṃ ārammaṇaṃ karitvā bhikkhuṃ acchādetukāmo.
所谓,从母方或父方算起,直到第七代祖父辈,没有关联的。显示巴利原文
nāma mātito vā pitito vā yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā asambaddho.
所谓,任何居住在俗家之人。显示巴利原文
nāma yo koci agāraṃ ajjhāvasati.
凡是在家生活的人。显示巴利原文
nāma yā kāci agāraṃ ajjhāvasati.
由织工们。显示巴利原文
ti pesakārehi.
所谓衣,是指六种衣中的任一种,且不小于可作净施的最小尺寸。显示巴利原文
nāma channaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ vikappanupagaṃ pacchimaṃ.
为哪位比丘而织衣,那位比丘就是所指的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yaṃ bhikkhuṃ uddissa cīvaraṃ viyyati so bhikkhu.
之前被这样问过:“尊者,您需要什么样的衣?我们让人为您织什么样的衣呢?”显示巴利原文
ti pubbe avutto hoti – ‘‘kīdisena te, bhante, cīvarena attho, kīdisaṃ te cīvaraṃ vāyāpemī’’ti?
去了居士家之后,无论在哪里都走近前去。显示巴利原文
ti gharaṃ gantvā yattha katthaci upasaṅkamitvā.
这样说:“贤友啊,这衣是为我而织的,请你们把它做得又长又宽。请把它做得织得紧密、织得细致、织得匀整、理得平顺、修整得光滑。说不定我们也会给尊者们一点什么的。”显示巴利原文
ti – ‘‘idaṃ kho, āvuso, cīvaraṃ maṃ uddissa viyyati, āyatañca karotha vitthatañca. Appitañca suvītañca suppavāyitañca suvilekhitañca suvitacchitañca karotha. Appeva nāma mayampi āyasmantānaṃ kiñcimattaṃ anupadajjeyyāmā’’ti.
「乃至」是指:汤、饭、嚼食、粉末团、齿木、线缕,乃至念诵法义。显示巴利原文
ti. nāma yāgupi bhattampi khādanīyampi cuṇṇapiṇḍopi dantakaṭṭhampi dasikasuttampi, antamaso dhammampi bhaṇati.
顺着他的话,若让人将衣加长、加宽或加密,每次这样的行动都犯恶作。得到衣时,便是尼萨耆亚。应将此衣舍给僧团、或一众、或一人。再者,诸比丘,应当这样来舍:「尊者,这件衣是我先前未受邀请,便到非亲戚居士的织工那里对衣提出了修改要求而犯的,应当舍出。我将此衣舍给僧团。」(僧团应如此说)「应该给与。」……「应该给与。」……「我给与具寿。」显示巴利原文
Tassa vacanena āyataṃ vā vitthataṃ vā appitaṃ vā karoti, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, cīvaraṃ pubbe appavārito aññātakassa gahapatikassa tantavāye upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpannaṃ nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
644 对象是非亲戚,心里也明知是非亲戚,先前未受邀请,便到居士的织工那里对衣提出修改要求而犯,是尼萨耆亚波逸提。对象是非亲戚,心里有疑惑,先前未受邀请,便到居士的织工那里对衣提出修改要求而犯,是尼萨耆亚波逸提。对象是非亲戚,心里却误以为是亲戚,先前未受邀请,便到居士的织工那里对衣提出修改要求而犯,是尼萨耆亚波逸提。显示巴利原文
Aññātake aññātakasaññī pubbe appavārito gahapatikassa tantavāye upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjati, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātake vematiko pubbe appavārito gahapatikassa tantavāye upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjati, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Aññātake ñātakasaññī pubbe appavārito gahapatikassa tantavāye upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjati, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
对象是亲戚,心里却误以为是非亲戚,犯恶作。对象是亲戚,心里有疑惑,犯恶作。对象是亲戚,心里也明知是亲戚,不犯。显示巴利原文
Ñātake añātakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātake vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātake ñātakasaññī, anāpatti.
645 不犯的情况是:对亲戚、对已经邀请过自己的人、为他人而做、用自己的财物去做、对于想要织贵价衣的人却给他织了贱价衣、对精神失常者、对最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – ñātakānaṃ, pavāritānaṃ, aññassatthāya, attano dhanena, mahagghaṃ vāyāpetukāmassa appagghaṃ vāyāpeti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
8. 急施衣学处显示巴利原文
8. Accekacīvarasikkhāpadaṃ
646 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,有一位高官正要出征,他派了信使到诸比丘那里,说:“请尊者尊者们前来,我要供养雨安居衣。”诸比丘心想:“世尊允许的是出雨安居后才受用雨安居衣吧”,因此心有疑虑,没有前往。那位高官便埋怨、批评、责备说:“怎么我派了信使去请,这些尊者们竟然不来呢!我这是要随军出征了。活着难料,死亡难料啊。”诸比丘听到了那位高官在埋怨、批评、责备。于是,那些比丘就把这件事告诉了世尊。世尊便以此事为因缘,说法后告诉诸比丘:“诸比丘,允许你们接受急施衣并存放起来。”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro mahāmatto pavāsaṃ gacchanto bhikkhūnaṃ santike dūtaṃ pāhesi – ‘‘āgacchantu bhadantā vassāvāsikaṃ dassāmī’’ti. Bhikkhū – ‘vassaṃvuṭṭhānaṃ bhagavatā vassāvāsikaṃ anuññāta’nti, kukkuccāyantā nāgamaṃsu. Atha kho so mahāmatto ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhadantā mayā dūte pahite nāgacchissanti! Ahañhi senāya gacchāmi. Dujjānaṃ jīvitaṃ dujjānaṃ maraṇa’’nti. Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tassa mahāmattassa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, accekacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā nikkhipitu’’nti.
647 那时,诸比丘心想:“世尊允许接受急施衣并存放起来了”,于是接受了急施衣之后,却让其超过了衣时。那些衣就被一捆捆地放在衣架上。具寿阿难在巡视住处时,看见了那些一捆捆放在衣架上的衣。看见后,就问那些比丘:“贤友们,这些一捆捆放在衣架上的衣是谁的?”“是我们的急施衣,贤友。”“贤友们,这衣存放了多久了?”于是,那些比丘就把存放了多久如实告诉了具寿阿难。具寿阿难便埋怨、批评、责备说:“这些比丘怎么可以接受了急施衣,却又让它超过了衣时呢!”接着,具寿阿难以种种方式呵责了那些比丘后,将此事告诉了世尊……世尊问道:“诸比丘,听说有比丘确实接受了急施衣后,让其超过了衣时吗?”“确实如此,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责了他们……“这些愚痴的人,怎么可以接受了急施衣后,又让其超过了衣时呢!诸比丘,这既不能让未生信者生信……而要这样做:诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū – ‘‘bhagavatā anuññātaṃ accekacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā nikkhipitu’’nti , accekacīvarāni paṭiggahetvā cīvarakālasamayaṃ atikkāmenti. Tāni cīvarāni cīvaravaṃse bhaṇḍikābaddhāni tiṭṭhanti. Addasa kho āyasmā ānando senāsanacārikaṃ āhiṇḍanto tāni cīvarāni cīvaravaṃse bhaṇḍikābaddhāni. Tiṭṭhante disvā bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘kassimāni, āvuso, cīvarāni cīvaravaṃse bhaṇḍikābaddhāni tiṭṭhantī’’ti? ‘‘Amhākaṃ, āvuso, accekacīvarānī’’ti. ‘‘Kīvaciraṃ panāvuso, imāni cīvarāni nikkhittānī’’ti? Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmato ānandassa yathānikkhittaṃ ārocesuṃ. Āyasmā ānando ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhū accekacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā cīvarakālasamayaṃ atikkāmessantī’’ti! Atha kho āyasmā ānando te bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi…pe… – ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū accekacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā cīvarakālasamayaṃ atikkāmentī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā accekacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā cīvarakālasamayaṃ atikkāmessanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
648 距迦提迦月的满月还有十天时,如果比丘得到急施衣,知道是应急的就可以接受;接受后,可以存放到衣时为止。如果超过这个期限还存放,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Dasāhānāgataṃ kattikatemāsikapuṇṇamaṃ bhikkhuno paneva accekacīvaraṃ uppajjeyya, accekaṃ maññamānena bhikkhunā paṭiggahetabbaṃ, paṭiggahetvā yāva cīvarakālasamayaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Tato ce uttari nikkhipeyya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
649 结束;在自恣前十天。显示巴利原文
nti dasāhānāgatāya pavāraṇāya.
结束;“自恣”指迦絺月。显示巴利原文
nti pavāraṇā kattikā vuccati.
所谓:若有人欲往军队处、或欲远行、或生病、或怀孕、或无信者生起信心、或不喜者生起欢喜,而派遣信使到诸比丘那里说:“请尊者们来,我将供养雨安居衣”,这称为急施衣。显示巴利原文
nāma senāya vā gantukāmo hoti, pavāsaṃ vā gantukāmo hoti, gilāno vā hoti, gabbhinī vā hoti, assaddhassa vā saddhā uppannā hoti, appasannassa vā pasādo uppanno hoti, so ce bhikkhūnaṃ santike dūtaṃ pahiṇeyya – ‘‘āgacchantu bhadantā vassāvāsikaṃ dassāmī’’ti, etaṃ accekacīvaraṃ nāma.
结束。应作标记后存放,标记为:“这是急施衣”。显示巴利原文
nti saññāṇaṃ katvā nikkhipitabbaṃ – ‘‘idaṃ accekacīvara’’nti.
所谓:未张敷迦絺那毡时,是雨安居的最后一个月;已张敷迦絺那毡时,是五个月。显示巴利原文
nāma anatthate kathine vassānassa pacchimo māso, atthate kathine pañcamāsā.
未张敷迦絺那毡时,过了雨安居的最后一天,犯舍堕。已张敷迦絺那毡时,过了迦絺那毡出离之日,犯舍堕。应将衣舍给僧团、或给别众、或给个人。诸比丘,应这样舍:“尊者,这件急施衣,我已超过了衣时,是应舍的。我把这件衣舍给僧团。”……应给与……应给与……“我给与具寿。”显示巴利原文
ti anatthate kathine vassānassa pacchimaṃ divasaṃ atikkāmeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ . Atthate kathine kathinuddhāradivasaṃ atikkāmeti, nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, accekacīvaraṃ cīvarakālasamayaṃ atikkāmitaṃ nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
650 对急施衣有急施衣想,超过了衣时,犯舍堕。对急施衣有疑想,超过了衣时,犯舍堕。对急施衣有非急施衣想,超过了衣时,犯舍堕。对未决意有已决意想……对未净施有已净施想……对未舍弃有已舍弃想……对未遗失有已遗失想……对未损坏有已损坏想……对未被烧有已被烧想……对未被夺有已被夺想,超过了衣时,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Accekacīvare accekacīvarasaññī cīvarakālasamayaṃ atikkāmeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Accekacīvare vematiko cīvarakālasamayaṃ atikkāmeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Accekacīvare anaccekacīvarasaññī cīvarakālasamayaṃ atikkāmeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Anadhiṭṭhite adhiṭṭhitasaññī …pe… avikappite vikappitasaññī… avissajjite vissajjitasaññī… anaṭṭhe naṭṭhasaññī… avinaṭṭhe vinaṭṭhasaññī… adaḍḍhe daḍḍhasaññī… avilutte viluttasaññī cīvarakālasamayaṃ atikkāmeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
对于舍堕衣,如果未舍弃而使用,犯恶作。对于非急须衣而有急须衣想,犯恶作;对于非急须衣而有疑惑,犯恶作;对于非急须衣而有非急须衣想,不犯。显示巴利原文
Nissaggiyaṃ cīvaraṃ anissajjitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anaccekacīvare accekacīvarasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anaccekacīvare vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anaccekacīvare anaccekacīvarasaññī, anāpatti.
651 不犯的情况是:在时限内决意、净施、舍去;衣丢失、毁坏、烧掉、被强夺而取、以亲厚想而取;疯癫者、最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – antosamaye adhiṭṭheti, vikappeti, vissajjeti, nassati, vinassati, ḍayhati, acchinditvā gaṇhanti, vissāsaṃ gaṇhanti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
9. 有疑惧学处显示巴利原文
9. Sāsaṅkasikkhāpadaṃ
652 那时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,诸比丘在雨安居后,住在林野的坐卧处。卡提卡月的盗贼认为“这些比丘得到了利养”而侵扰他们。诸比丘将此事告知世尊。于是,世尊以此事为缘、以此为因由,做过法说后,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我允许住在林野坐卧处的比丘,将三衣中的一件衣存放在村舍内。”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū vutthavassā āraññakesu senāsanesu viharanti. Kattikacorakā bhikkhū – ‘‘laddhalābhā’’ti paripātenti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, āraññakesu senāsanesu viharantena tiṇṇaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ antaraghare nikkhipitu’’nti.
那时,诸比丘心想:“世尊已经允许住在林野坐卧处者将三衣中的一件衣存放在村舍内。”于是他们将三衣中的一件衣存放在村舍内后,离开它住宿超过了时限。那些衣或丢失、或毁坏、或烧掉,或被老鼠咬啮。那些比丘变得衣服破旧、衣着粗劣。其他比丘问道:“道友们,为什么你们的衣服破旧、衣着粗劣呢?”于是,这些比丘将此事告诉了其他比丘。那些少欲的比丘……他们讥嫌、非难、指责说:“诸比丘怎么能将三衣中的一件衣存放在村舍内后,离开它住宿超过了时限呢!”那时,那些少欲比丘以种种方式呵责他们之后,将此事告知世尊。世尊问道:“诸比丘,据说你们将三衣中的一件衣存放在村舍内后,离开它住宿超过了时限,这是真的吗?”他们回答:“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责说:“愚痴的人啊,你们怎么能将三衣中的一件衣存放在村舍内后,离开它住宿超过了时限呢!这不能使未生信者生信……”并说:“诸比丘,你们应当这样诵此学处——显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū – ‘‘bhagavatā anuññātaṃ āraññakesu senāsanesu viharantena tiṇṇaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ antaraghare nikkhipitu’’nti tiṇṇaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ antaraghare nikkhipitvā atirekachārattaṃ vippavasanti. Tāni cīvarāni nassantipi vinassantipi ḍayhantipi undūrehipi khajjanti. Bhikkhū duccoḷā honti lūkhacīvarā. Bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘kissa tumhe, āvuso, duccoḷā lūkhacīvarā’’ti? Atha kho te bhikkhū bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhū tiṇṇaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ antaraghare nikkhipitvā atirekachārattaṃ vippavasissantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū te anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave , bhikkhū tiṇṇaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ antaraghare nikkhipitvā atirekachārattaṃ vippavasantīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā tiṇṇaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ antaraghare nikkhipitvā atirekachārattaṃ vippavasissanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
653 在迦提迦月满月安居之后,对于那些被认为有危险、有恐怖的林野住处,比丘住在这样的住处时,愿意的话可以把三衣中的一件存放在村舍里;如果这位比丘有什么因缘要离开那件衣,最多可以离衣六夜。如果超过六夜,除非得到僧团许可,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Upavassaṃ kho pana kattikapuṇṇamaṃ yāni kho pana tāni āraññakāni senāsanāni sāsaṅkasammatāni sappaṭibhayāni tathārūpesu bhikkhu senāsanesu viharanto ākaṅkhamāno tiṇṇaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ antaraghare nikkhipeyya, siyā ca tassa bhikkhuno kocideva paccayo tena cīvarena vippavāsāya. Chārattaparamaṃ tena bhikkhunā tena cīvarena vippavasitabbaṃ. Tato ce uttari vippavaseyya, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
654 这是关于已出雨安居者的。显示巴利原文
ti vuṭṭhavassānaṃ.
这称为卡提卡月的四个月期。显示巴利原文
nti kattikacātumāsinī vuccati.
所谓(林野)住处,是指距有人居处至少五百弓者。显示巴利原文
ti nāma senāsanaṃ pañcadhanusatikaṃ pacchimaṃ.
称为在阿兰若范围内,可见盗贼安营之处、进食之处、站立之处、坐着之处、躺卧之处。显示巴利原文
nāma ārāme ārāmūpacāre corānaṃ niviṭṭhokāso dissati, bhuttokāso dissati, ṭhitokāso dissati, nisinnokāso dissati, nipannokāso dissati.
称为在阿兰若及阿兰若附近,可见有人被贼所杀、被劫掠、被殴打。显示巴利原文
nāma ārāme ārāmūpacāre corehi manussā hatā dissanti, viluttā dissanti, ākoṭitā dissanti .
比丘身处这样的住处中。显示巴利原文
ti evarūpesu bhikkhu senāsanesu viharanto.
若是希望的话。显示巴利原文
ti icchamāno.
也就是僧伽帝衣、上衣,或是下衣。显示巴利原文
nti saṅghāṭiṃ vā uttarāsaṅgaṃ vā antaravāsakaṃ vā.
可放置在四周的乞食村落中。显示巴利原文
ti samantā gocaragāme nikkhipeyya.
或有因缘,或有应做之事。显示巴利原文
ti siyā paccayo siyā karaṇīyaṃ.
应离宿至多六夜。显示巴利原文
nti chārattaparamatā vippavasitabbaṃ.
除非得到比丘僧团的许可。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā bhikkhusammutiṃ.
如果在第七个明相升起时,就是舍堕罪。应当将衣物舍给僧团、或一个团体、或一位个人。诸比丘,应当这样舍:‘尊者,这件衣服是我离宿超过六夜的,非因比丘僧团的许可,是舍堕的。我将它舍给僧团。’……(僧团)应给还……(比丘)应说:‘(僧团)给还。’……‘我给具寿。’显示巴利原文
ti sattame aruṇuggamane nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ. ‘‘Idaṃ me, bhante, cīvaraṃ atirekachārattaṃ vippavuṭṭhaṃ, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmī’’ti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
655 在超过六夜时,作超过想而离宿,非因比丘僧团的许可,是舍堕的波逸提。在超过六夜时,心生疑惑而离宿,非因比丘僧团的许可,是舍堕的波逸提。在超过六夜时,作未超过想而离宿,非因比丘僧团的许可,是舍堕的波逸提。在未舍时作已舍想……未放弃时作已放弃想……未丢失时作已丢失想……未毁坏时作已毁坏想……未烧时作已烧想……未被抢时作被抢想而离宿,非因比丘僧团的许可,是舍堕的波逸提。显示巴利原文
Atirekachāratte atirekasaññī vippavasati, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Atirekachāratte vematiko vippavasati, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Atirekachāratte ūnakasaññī vippavasati, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Appaccuddhaṭe paccuddhaṭasaññī…pe… avissajjite vissajjitasaññī… anaṭṭhe naṭṭhasaññī… avinaṭṭhe vinaṭṭhasaññī… adaḍḍhe daḍḍhasaññī … avilutte viluttasaññī vippavasati, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
使用应舍而未舍的舍堕衣,犯恶作罪。在未满六夜时作超过想,犯恶作罪。在未满六夜时心生疑惑,犯恶作罪。在未满六夜时作未满想,无罪。显示巴利原文
Nissaggiyaṃ cīvaraṃ anissajjitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakachāratte atirekasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakachāratte vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakachāratte ūnakasaññī, anāpatti.
656 无罪的情况:离宿六夜、离宿不满六夜、离宿六夜之后再次进入村落界内住下然后离开、在六夜之内进行决意、放弃、衣物丢失、毁坏、烧毁、被强行夺走、由亲厚者取走、得到比丘僧团的许可、对于精神失常及最初犯行者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – chārattaṃ vippavasati, ūnakachārattaṃ vippavasati, chārattaṃ vippavasitvā puna gāmasīmaṃ okkamitvā vasitvā pakkamati, anto chārattaṃ paccuddharati, vissajjeti, nassati, vinassati, ḍayhati, acchinditvā gaṇhanti, vissāsaṃ gaṇhanti, bhikkhusammutiyā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
10. 转施学处显示巴利原文
10. Pariṇatasikkhāpadaṃ
657 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。当时,舍卫城里有某一群体为僧团准备了有衣供食的施舍,心想:‘供养饮食后,我们将以衣服供养他们。’这时,六群比丘就去到了那个群体那里,到达后,对这些群体成员这样说:‘贤友们,把这些衣服给我们吧。’他们回答:‘尊者,我们不能给。这是我们为僧团设立的每年一度的有衣供食。’六群比丘又说:‘贤友们,僧团的施主很多,供养僧团饮食的人也很多。而我们是因为依靠你们、看着你们,才住在这里的。如果你们都不给我们,那还有谁会给我们呢?贤友们,把这些衣服给我们吧。’于是,那个群体在六群比丘的逼迫下,把已经准备好的衣服给了六群比丘,然后只用饮食供养了僧团。那些比丘们知道有为僧团准备的、带有衣服的供养,却不知道已经给了六群比丘,他们就这样说:‘贤友们,把给僧团的衣服拿出来吧。’那些群体成员回答:‘尊者,没有了。原本准备好的衣服,已被六群圣者们转为自己所有了。’那些少欲的诸比丘……纷纷不满、批评、指责:‘怎么可以这样!六群比丘明知是僧团的利养,已经指定给僧团了,竟还转给自己!’于是,那些比丘用种种方式呵责了六群比丘之后,把这件事情报告给了世尊。世尊问道:‘诸比丘,你们真的这样做了吗?明知是僧团的利养,已经指定给僧团了,竟还转给自己?’他们回答:‘是真的,世尊。’佛陀世尊呵责了他们……然后说:‘愚痴的人们!你们怎么能明知是僧团的利养,已经指定给僧团了,还转给自己呢!愚痴的人们,这种行为不会让没信心的人产生信心……诸比丘,应该这样诵出这条学处:’显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa pūgassa saṅghassa sacīvarabhattaṃ paṭiyattaṃ hoti – ‘‘bhojetvā cīvarena acchādessāmā’’ti. Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū yena so pūgo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ pūgaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘dethāvuso, amhākaṃ imāni cīvarānī’’ti. ‘‘Na mayaṃ, bhante, dassāma. Amhākaṃ saṅghassa anuvassaṃ sacīvarabhikkhā paññattā’’ti. ‘‘Bahū, āvuso, saṅghassa dāyakā, bahū saṅghassa bhattā . Mayaṃ tumhe nissāya tumhe sampassantā idha viharāma. Tumhe ce amhākaṃ na dassatha, atha ko carahi amhākaṃ dassati? Dethāvuso, amhākaṃ imāni cīvarānī’’ti. Atha kho so pūgo chabbaggiyehi bhikkhūhi nippīḷiyamāno yathāpaṭiyattaṃ cīvaraṃ chabbaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ datvā saṅghaṃ bhattena parivisi. Ye te bhikkhū jānanti saṅghassa sacīvarabhattaṃ paṭiyattaṃ, na ca jānanti chabbaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dinnanti, te evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘oṇojethāvuso, saṅghassa cīvara’’nti. ‘‘Natthi, bhante. Yathāpaṭiyattaṃ cīvaraṃ ayyā chabbaggiyā attano pariṇāmesu’’nti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṃ saṅghikaṃ lābhaṃ pariṇataṃ attano pariṇāmessantī’’ti ! Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, jānaṃ saṅghikaṃ lābhaṃ pariṇataṃ attano pariṇāmethā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, jānaṃ saṅghikaṃ lābhaṃ pariṇataṃ attano pariṇāmessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
658 任何比丘,明知是已经指定要给僧团的利养,却把它转归自己,犯舍堕。显示巴利原文
Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṃ saṅghikaṃ lābhaṃ pariṇataṃ attano pariṇāmeyya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
659 “任何比丘”是指:无论何种……即……在此意义上所说的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… aya imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“明知”是指:自己知道,或别人告诉他,或他告诉别人。显示巴利原文
nāma sāmaṃ vā jānāti aññe vā tassa ārocenti so vā āroceti.
“已转施”的意思是:已施与僧团、已舍弃。显示巴利原文
nāma saṅghassa dinnaṃ hoti pariccattaṃ.
“利养”的意思是:衣、食、住所、病缘药资具。乃至最小的粉团、齿木、线。显示巴利原文
nāma cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā. Antamaso cuṇṇapiṇḍopi, dantakaṭṭhampi, dasikasuttampi.
“当施、当作”这样的话语已说出。显示巴利原文
nāma dassāma karissāmāti vācā bhinnā hoti.
转施给自己,在动作时犯恶作。得衣时犯舍堕。应舍给僧团、或给别众、或给个人。诸比丘,应该这样舍:“尊者,我明知这是僧团的利养,已转施,却转施给自己,犯舍堕。我将此舍给僧团。”……僧团应还给……应还给……“我给具寿。”显示巴利原文
Attano pariṇāmeti, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, jānaṃ saṅghikaṃ lābhaṃ pariṇataṃ attano pariṇāmitaṃ nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
660 对已转施之物有已转施想,转归自己,犯舍堕波逸提。显示巴利原文
Pariṇate pariṇatasaññī attano pariṇāmeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
对于已转施的物品,心有疑惑却转为己用,犯恶作。对于已转施的物品,却认为是未转施而转为己用,不犯。将已转施给僧团的东西,转给其他僧团或支提,犯恶作。将已转施给支提的东西,转给其他支提、僧团或个人,犯恶作。将已转施给个人的东西,转给其他个人、僧团或支提,犯恶作。对于未转施的物品,却认为是已转施而处理,犯恶作。对于未转施的物品,心有疑惑,犯恶作。对于未转施的物品,也认为是未转施,不犯。显示巴利原文
Pariṇate vematiko attano pariṇāmeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Pariṇate apariṇatasaññī attano pariṇāmeti, anāpatti. Saṅghassa pariṇataṃ aññasaṅghassa vā cetiyassa vā pariṇāmeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Cetiyassa pariṇataṃ aññacetiyassa vā saṅghassa vā puggalassa vā pariṇāmeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Puggalassa pariṇataṃ aññapuggalassa vā saṅghassa vā cetiyassa vā pariṇāmeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Apariṇate pariṇatasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Apariṇate vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Apariṇate apariṇatasaññī, anāpatti.
661 不犯:当被问“我该给哪里”时,说:“你的供养物,在哪里能得到受用,或能得到修补,或能长久保存,或者你的心在哪里生起净信,便给那里。”这是不犯的。还有精神失常者、最初犯者,也不犯。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti kattha demāti pucchiyamāno yattha tumhākaṃ deyyadhammo paribhogaṃ vā labheyya paṭisaṅkhāraṃ vā labheyya ciraṭṭhitiko vā assa yattha vā pana tumhākaṃ cittaṃ pasīdati tattha dethāti bhaṇati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
两个钵、药、雨衣,第五是施;
自己乞求、为另一人交易,有怖畏、与僧团物。
显示巴利原文 Dve ca pattāni bhesajjaṃ, vassikā dānapañcamaṃ; Sāmaṃ vāyāpanacceko, sāsaṅkaṃ saṅghikena cāti.
662 尊者们,三十条舍堕法已经诵出。在此,我请问尊者们:“你们对此清净吗?”第二次我问:“你们对此清净吗?”第三次我问:“你们对此清净吗?”尊者们对此清净,因此默然。我这样知解。显示巴利原文
Uddiṭṭhā kho, āyasmanto, tiṃsa nissaggiyā pācittiyā dhammā. Tatthāyasmante pucchāmi – ‘kaccittha parisuddhā’? Dutiyampi pucchāmi – ‘kaccittha parisuddhā’? Tatiyampi pucchāmi – ‘kaccittha parisuddhā’? Parisuddhetthāyasmanto, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmīti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册 Pali 中文(经文用名) 角色 Bhagavā 世尊 制定与开许相关学处 chabbaggiyā bhikkhū 六群比丘 持有多余衣、转施僧团利养给自己的触犯者 Āyasmā Ānando 具寿阿难 有多余衣生起,欲转施舍利弗,引发缘起 Āyasmā Sāriputto 具寿舍利弗 阿难欲转施多余衣的对象,当时住在萨咖答 appicchā bhikkhū 少欲的比丘 非难六群比丘的持戒比丘 aññataro bhikkhu gilāno 病比丘 因病因缘,佛陀开许离三衣而宿 aññataro pūgo 一团体 为僧团备办附衣供食的施主团体
地点 毗舍离果答玛支提(制定第一迦提那学处);舍卫城祇树给孤独园(制定离宿学处与转施学处);萨咖答(舍利弗住处)。
事件 佛允许三衣后,六群比丘持有多余衣物,遭少欲比丘告发,佛因此制「不得持多余衣超过十日」及舍衣忏悔之规。具寿阿难因欲将多余衣转施舍利弗而请佛开许,佛因此放宽时限并细化舍衣程序。后因比丘们离衣游行致衣虫蛀、病比丘无法持衣,佛开许病者离三衣宿;又因六群比丘强取施主为僧团准备的衣物,佛制「不得转施僧团利养为己有」。
经文摘要 佛允三衣(A)→ 六群比丘持余衣犯戒,佛定制戒(B)→ 因阿难、病比丘等事缘开许细化,并制转施戒(C)。
中心思想 1. 背景:僧团初立,衣食规矩从简到繁
佛陀最初只允许比丘持三衣,本意是让出家人生活简朴、不为物累。但六群比丘钻空子——“世尊已允许三衣”成了多蓄衣的借口,他们居然备三套衣:一套穿去村里,一套放寺里,一套洗澡用。这种囤积行为立刻引起少欲比丘的不满。这说明戒律不是凭空编的,是有人出了格,佛陀才划下线。
2. 核心:戒律的“开遮持犯”——死规矩里藏着活分寸
佛一听这事,先呵责六群比丘:“愚痴人们,你们怎能持有多余的衣呢!”接着就立下死规矩:“最多十日”。但妙的是,当阿难拿着多余衣,想给远在萨咖答的舍利弗(得九、十日才能到),佛没硬邦邦地说“不行”,反而顺着这事把规矩讲活了——允许最长存十天,到期必须“舍”(忏悔上交)再“给”(僧团还给犯者或处理)。这套“犯→舍→悔→给”的程序,等于在“不可私蓄”的红线与现实需要之间,开了条合理变通的正规通道。就连病比丘带不动三衣,佛也允许他通过僧团表决(羯磨)获得“离三衣宿”的许可。——佛定的戒,不是捆人的锁链,是治贪心的药,药方还能随病症微调。
3. 要旨:防心高于防物,制度的重点不在衣在“转”念
整篇最狠的一条是“转施学处”。施主明明说“给僧团”,六群比丘却硬要去“化缘”,把公产变成私产。佛在这条上毫不含糊:明知是僧团利养,还“转施给自己”,得衣时就是犯戒。引一句:“明知是僧团的利养已转施而转施给自己”—— 拆开看:“明知”代表心态,不是误取;“僧团利养”是属性,是十方共财;“转”是动作,是贪私的抓手。 → 一句话要旨:别让多余的布料裹住了心,更别把公家的“转”成自己的——这不只是物质戒,是心戒。
关键术语锚 - Nissaggiya pācittiya (尼萨耆亚巴吉帝亚) → 舍堕罪。 易错点:非单纯忏悔即可,必须先将违禁物“舍”出(交给僧团或他人),才忏罪。物与心同舍,是此篇主旨的动作象征。
- Ticīvara (三衣) → 桑喀帝(大衣)、上衣、下衣。易错点:非数字“三套”,特指构成僧人正式衣着的三件单品。
- Adhiṭṭhāna (决意)/ Vikappana (净施) → 决意(认作私用)/ 净施(名义上转让,实为允用)。易错点:比丘对如法衣通过心念“这是我的”或“这给某某但允我穿”来确定物权,无此二法即是“未决意、未净施”的非法状态。
- Vikappa (别宿) → 离衣而宿。易错点:不在明相升起前三衣齐聚一界内即为犯,非单纯指“离开过夜”。
- Pariṇata (已转施) → 已指定给僧团的供养。易错点:不是“暂时放着”,而是施主已口头或心意指定施向,物权已转移,此时截取即犯。