4. 六年学处
4. Chabbassasikkhāpadaṃ
4. 尼萨耆亚篇 · 22 段
557那时，佛陀世尊住在舍卫城（Sāvatthī）的祇树给孤独园。当时，诸比丘每年都让人做敷具。他们经常乞求、经常讨要，说道：“请给些羊毛吧，我们需要羊毛。”人们责备、批评、非议说：“这些释迦子沙门，怎么能每年都让人做敷具，还经常乞求、经常讨要地说‘请给些羊毛吧，我们需要羊毛’呢！我们做的敷具，一次就能用上五六年，期间小孩们会尿湿它、沾污它，老鼠也会啃咬它。而这些释迦子沙门，却每年都让人做敷具，经常乞求、经常讨要地说‘请给些羊毛吧，我们需要羊毛’！”
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū anuvassaṃ santhataṃ kārāpenti. Te yācanabahulā viññattibahulā viharanti – ‘‘eḷakalomāni detha. Eḷakalomehi attho’’ti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā anuvassaṃ santhataṃ kārāpessanti, yācanabahulā viññattibahulā viharissanti – ‘eḷakalomāni detha, eḷakalomehi attho’’’ti! Amhākaṃ pana sakiṃ katāni santhatāni pañcapi chapi vassāni honti, yesaṃ no dārakā uhadantipi ummihantipi undūrehipi khajjanti. Ime pana samaṇā sakyaputtiyā anuvassaṃ santhataṃ kārāpenti, yācanabahulā viññattibahulā viharanti – ‘‘eḷakalomāni detha, eḷakalomehi attho’’ti!
那些比丘们听到了人们的责备、批评和非议。那些少欲……的诸比丘，也责备、批评、非议说：“诸比丘怎么能每年都让人做敷具，还经常乞求、经常讨要地说‘请给些羊毛吧，我们需要羊毛’呢！”于是，那些比丘以种种方式呵责了那些比丘后，将此事报告给世尊……世尊问道：“诸比丘，听说你们确实每年都让人做敷具，经常乞求、经常讨要地说‘请给些羊毛吧，我们需要羊毛’，这是真的吗？”他们回答说：“是真的，世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责说……“诸比丘，这些愚痴人怎么能每年都让人做敷具，经常乞求、经常讨要地说‘请给些羊毛吧，我们需要羊毛’呢！诸比丘，这不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘，你们应当这样诵出此学处——
Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhū anuvassaṃ santhataṃ kārāpessanti, yācanabahulā viññattibahulā viharissanti – ‘eḷakalomāni detha, eḷakalomehi attho’’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū te anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū anuvassaṃ santhataṃ kārāpenti, yācanabahulā viññattibahulā viharanti – ‘eḷakalomāni detha, eḷakalomehi attho’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā anuvassaṃ santhataṃ kārāpessanti, yācanabahulā viññattibahulā viharissanti – ‘eḷakalomāni detha, eḷakalomehi attho’ti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
558任何比丘，做了新卧具后，应当用满六年。如果不到六年，无论是否舍弃原来的卧具，又另做新卧具，犯尼萨耆亚巴吉帝亚（nissaggiya pācittiya，古译：舍堕波逸提）。
‘‘Navaṃ pana bhikkhunā santhataṃ kārāpetvā chabbassāni dhāretabbaṃ. Orena ce channaṃ vassānaṃ taṃ santhataṃ vissajjetvā vā avissajjetvā vā aññaṃ navaṃ santhataṃ kārāpeyya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
就这样，世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
559那时，有位比丘在憍赏弥（Kosambī）生病了。他的亲属派了信使到那位比丘那里去，说：“尊者，请您来吧，我们来照顾您。”诸比丘也这样对他说：“贤友，去吧，亲属们会照顾你的。”他却这样回答：“贤友们，世尊制定了学处：‘任何比丘做了新敷具后，应使用满六年。’而我是个病人，我没办法带着敷具离开。我没有敷具又不舒服。我不去了。”诸比丘把这事报告给世尊。于是，世尊借着这个因缘、借着这件事情，作了佛法开示后，对诸比丘说：“诸比丘，我允许给生病的比丘敷具豁免许可。而诸比丘，应当这样给：那位生病的比丘，应到僧团那里，偏袒上衣，顶礼上座诸比丘的足，蹲踞坐下，合掌，应当这样说：‘尊者，我生病了，没办法带着敷具离开。尊者，我向僧团乞求敷具豁免许可。’应当乞求第二次。应当乞求第三次。然后，应由一位能干、胜任的比丘向僧团提出动议：
Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu kosambiyaṃ gilāno hoti. Ñātakā tassa bhikkhuno santike dūtaṃ pāhesuṃ – ‘‘āgacchatu, bhadanto mayaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmā’’ti. Bhikkhūpi evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘gacchāvuso, ñātakā taṃ upaṭṭhahissantī’’ti. So evamāha – ‘‘bhagavatā, āvuso, sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ – ‘navaṃ pana bhikkhunā santhataṃ kārāpetvā chabbassāni dhāretabba’nti. Ahañcamhi gilāno, na sakkomi santhataṃ ādāya pakkamituṃ. Mayhañca vinā santhatā na phāsu hoti. Nāhaṃ gamissāmī’’ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānassa bhikkhuno santhatasammutiṃ dātuṃ. Evañca pana , bhikkhave, dātabbā. Tena gilānena bhikkhunā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘ahaṃ, bhante, gilāno. Na sakkomi santhataṃ ādāya pakkamituṃ. Sohaṃ, bhante, saṅghaṃ santhatasammutiṃ yācāmī’ti. Dutiyampi yācitabbā. Tatiyampi yācitabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
560‘尊者，请僧团听我说。这位名为某某的比丘生病了，他没办法带着敷具离开。他向僧团乞求敷具豁免许可。如果僧团认为时机适宜，僧团就给予这位名为某某的比丘敷具豁免许可。这是动议。’
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu gilāno. Na sakkoti santhataṃ ādāya pakkamituṃ. So saṅghaṃ santhatasammutiṃ yācati. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho itthannāmassa bhikkhuno santhatasammutiṃ dadeyya. Esā ñatti.
“尊者，请僧团听我说：这位名为某甲的比丘身患重病，无法带着敷具出行。他向僧团请求敷具的许可。僧团现在给予某甲比丘敷具的许可。哪位尊者同意僧团给予某甲比丘敷具的许可，请保持沉默；哪位尊者不同意，请说出来。”
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho . Ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu gilāno. Na sakkoti santhataṃ ādāya pakkamituṃ. So saṅghaṃ santhatasammutiṃ yācati. Saṅgho itthannāmassa bhikkhuno santhatasammutiṃ deti. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno santhatasammutiyā dānaṃ, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“僧团已经给予某甲比丘敷具的许可。此事僧团认可，因此默然。我就这样持守。”
‘‘Dinnā saṅghena itthannāmassa bhikkhuno santhatasammuti. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
“诸比丘，你们应当这样诵这条学处：”
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
561比丘做了新卧具后，应当用满六年。如果不到六年，无论是否舍弃原来的卧具，又另做新卧具，除非得到僧团许可，犯尼萨耆亚巴吉帝亚。
Navaṃ pana bhikkhunā santhataṃ kārāpetvā chabbassāni dhāretabbaṃ. Orena ce channaṃ vassānaṃ taṃ santhataṃ vissajjetvā vā avissajjetvā vā aññaṃ navaṃ santhataṃ kārāpeyya, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā , nissaggiyaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
562“名为‘新’，是就造作而说的。”
Navaṃ nāma karaṇaṃ upādāya vuccati.
“名为‘敷具’，是指铺开而作成的，是非纺织而成的。”
Santhataṃ nāma santharitvā kataṃ hoti avāyimaṃ.
“或是自己作，或是指使他人作。”
Kārāpetvāti karitvā vā kārāpetvā vā.
“应持守最多六年。”
Chabbassāni dhāretabbanti chabbassaparamatā dhāretabbaṃ.
不足六年。
Orena ce channaṃ vassānanti ūnakachabbassāni.
给了其他人。
Taṃ santhataṃ vissajjetvāti aññesaṃ datvā.
所谓“不舍弃”，是指没给任何人。
Avissajjetvāti na kassaci datvā.
除了比丘僧团的许可，他新做一条新的卧垫布，或叫人新做，在准备过程中犯恶作；得到时，成为尼萨耆亚（nissaggiya，古译：尼萨耆波逸提，意译：舍堕）。应舍给僧团、或小组、或个人。诸比丘，应这样舍：“尊者，我这条做过不足六年的卧垫布，没有僧团许可就让人做了，是尼萨耆亚。我现在把它舍给僧团。”……应交还……说“交还”……“我给具寿”。
Aññatra bhikkhusammutiyāti ṭhapetvā bhikkhusammutiṃ aññaṃ navaṃ santhataṃ karoti vā kārāpeti vā, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Nissajjitabbaṃ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ…pe… idaṃ me, bhante, santhataṃ ūnakachabbassāni kārāpitaṃ, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ. Imāhaṃ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti…pe… dadeyyāti…pe… dadeyyunti…pe… āyasmato dammīti.
563自己没做完的，自己把它完成，尼萨耆亚巴吉帝亚。自己没做完的，叫别人把它完成，尼萨耆亚巴吉帝亚。别人没做完的，自己把它完成，尼萨耆亚巴吉帝亚。别人没做完的，叫别人把它完成，尼萨耆亚巴吉帝亚。
Attanā vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Attanā vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ . Parehi vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. Parehi vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
564没有犯戒的情况：做够六年的、做超过六年的、为别人做或叫人做、拿到别人做好后受用的、做顶篷、地垫、布幕、褥垫或枕头、有僧团许可的、精神失常者、最初犯戒者。
Anāpatti chabbassāni karoti, atirekachabbassāni karoti, aññassatthāya karoti vā kārāpeti vā, aññena kataṃ paṭilabhitvā paribhuñjati , vitānaṃ vā bhūmattharaṇaṃ vā sāṇipākāraṃ vā bhisiṃ vā bibbohanaṃ vā karoti, bhikkhusammutiyā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
