六处品相应巴利
Saḷāyatanavaggasaṃyuttapāḷi
内无常经、外经
Ajjhattāniccasutta, bāhirasutta
问:“尊者,世尊……正自觉者,于《六处品相应》中,第一《内无常经》与第四《外无常经》,在何处、对何人、如何宣说?”
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena saḷāyatanavaggasaṃyutte paṭhamaṃ ajjhattāniccasuttañca catutthaṃ bāhirāniccasuttañca kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:“尊者,世尊在舍卫城,对众多比丘如此宣说:‘诸比丘,眼是无常的。凡是无常的,就是苦的;凡是苦的,就是无我的;凡是无我的,应如此以正慧如实观:“这不是我的,我不是这个,这不是我的自我。”’又:‘诸比丘,色是无常的。凡是无常的,就是苦的;凡是苦的,就是无我的;凡是无我的,应如此以正慧如实观:“这不是我的,我不是这个,这不是我的自我。”’世尊便是这样宣说的。”
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘cakkhuṃ bhikkhave aniccaṃ, yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā, yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabba’’nti evamādināca. ‘‘Rūpā bhikkhave aniccā. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā, yadanattā taṃ netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’’ti ca evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:尊者,在一切品中,第六《燃烧经》是世尊在何处、因何人、以何等因缘而宣说的?
Pucchā – tatthāvuso sabbavagge chaṭṭhaṃ ādittasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,世尊住在伽耶城伽耶山顶时,因先前曾为结发外道的千位比丘,作了如下宣说:“诸比丘,一切都在燃烧。诸比丘,什么是一切都在燃烧?诸比丘,眼在燃烧,色在燃烧,眼识在燃烧,眼触在燃烧,凡以眼触为缘而生起的感受——无论是乐、是苦,或不苦不乐,那也在燃烧。以何而燃烧?我宣说,以贪火燃烧,以嗔火燃烧,以痴火燃烧,以生、老、死、忧、悲、苦、恼、绝望而燃烧。”如此,世尊宣说了此经。
Vissajjanā – gayāyaṃ bhante gayāsīse purāṇajaṭilaṃ bhikkhusahassaṃ ārabbha ‘‘sabbaṃ bhikkhave ādittaṃ, kiñca bhikkhave sabbaṃ ādittaṃ. Cakkhu bhikkhave ādittaṃ, rūpā ādittā, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ ādittaṃ, cakkhusamphasso āditto, yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati, vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃvā, tampi ādittaṃ. Kena ādittaṃ. Rāgagginā dosagginā mohagginā ādittaṃ, jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi ādittanti vadāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
第一鹿网经
Paṭhama migajālasutta
问:尊者,于鹿网品中,第一《鹿网经》是世尊在何处、针对何人、关于何事、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – migajālavagge āvuso paṭhamamigajālasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,此经在舍卫城,针对具寿鹿网长老而宣说。尊者,具寿鹿网长老对世尊这样说:“尊者,‘独住者、独住者’常被称说,尊者,怎样是独住者?又怎样是有伴住者?”尊者,关于此事,世尊如是宣说:“鹿网,有眼所识的色,可爱、可意、可悦、悦意形色、伴随欲乐、令人染着。如果比丘对此欢喜、欢迎、持续执取,则于欢喜、欢迎、持续执取者生起喜悦;有喜悦则有贪染;有贪染则有结缚。鹿网,被喜悦结缚所结缚的比丘,称为有伴住者。”世尊以如是方式宣说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ migajālattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante migajālatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ekavihārī ekavihārīti bhante vuccati, kittāvatānukho bhante ekavihārī hoti, kittāvatāca pana sadutiyavihārī hotī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘santi kho migajāla cakkhuviññeyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati, tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjati nandī, nandiyā sati sārāgo hoti, sārāge sati saṃyogo hoti, nandisaṃyojanasaṃyutto kho migajāla bhikkhu sadutiyavihārīti vuccatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
第一六触处经
Paṭhama chaphassāyatanasutta
问:于彼处诵出的第九经——《第一六触处经》,是世尊在何处、对何人、如何开示的?
Pucchā – tattheva navamaṃ saṃgītaṃ paṭhamachaphassāyatanasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,在王舍城,世尊针对众多比丘而开示:“诸比丘,若有比丘对六触处的集、灭、味、患、离不如实知,他便修所应修、不远此法与律。”如是等,世尊如此开示。
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘yo hi koci vikkhave bhikkhu channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, avusitaṃ tena brahmacariyaṃ, ārakā so imasmā dhammavinayā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,我确实对六触处的集、灭、味、患、离不如实知。
Ahaṃ hi bhante channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāmi.
你是否作如此观:“此眼是我所有,此即是我,此是我的自我”?
Cakkhuṃ etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attāti samanupassasi.
不是的,尊者。
No hetaṃ bhante.
比丘,当你对此“眼非我所,我非此,此非我的自我”能以正智如实善见时,这即是苦的终结。
Ettha ca te bhikkhu cakkhu netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attāti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhaṃ bhavissati, esevanto dukkhassa.
第一病经
Paṭhama gilānasutta
问:贤友,《病品》中的第一《病经》,是世尊在何处、对何人、因何事、如何开示的?
Pucchā – gilānavagge panāvuso paṭhamaṃ gilānasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,于舍卫城,世尊是就一位患病、染病、痛苦、重病的新比丘而开示的。尊者,有一位比丘,患病、染病、痛苦、重病,对世尊这样说:“尊者,我不明白世尊所说的法是为了戒清净。”尊者,以此因缘,世尊反问那位比丘,赞许他之后说道:“比丘,我所说的法,是为了调伏贪欲。比丘,你意如何?眼是常,还是无常?”“是无常,尊者。”“凡是无常的,是苦,还是乐?”“是苦,尊者。”……如此,世尊作了这样的开示。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ navaṃ bhikkhuṃ gilānaṃ ābādhitaṃ dukkhitaṃ bāḷhagilānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante bhikkhu gilāno ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘nakhvāhaṃ bhante sīlavisuddhatthaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ taṃ bhikkhuṃ paṭipucchitvā tassa ca vacanaṃ sādhukāraṃ datvā ‘‘rāgavirāgattho hi bhikkhu mayā dhammo desito, taṃ kiṃ maññasi bhikkhu, cakkhu niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vāti. Aniccaṃ bhante. Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vāti, dukkhaṃ bhante’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,我无法忍受。
Na me bhante khamanīyaṃ.
善哉,比丘!你已正确理解我所说为离欲的法。
Sādhu kho tvaṃ bhikkhu rāgavirāgatthaṃ mayā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāsi,
问:尊者,第五次结集所诵、收在阐那品的《富那经》,世尊是在何处、针对何人、以何事为缘、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – channavagge panāvuso pañcamaṃ saṃgītaṃ puṇṇasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,此经是在舍卫城,为具寿富那长老而宣说的。尊者,具寿富那长老曾对世尊这样说:“尊者,善哉!愿世尊为我略说法要,令我听法之后,得以独处远离、不放逸、精勤、坚毅而住。”以此事为缘,世尊说道:“富那,眼所识知的色,可爱、可意、可乐、悦意形色、伴随欲乐、令人贪染。若比丘对此欢喜、迎纳、持续执著,则于欢喜、迎纳、持续执著中,生起喜。富那,我说:喜集则苦集。”尊者,世尊便是以如此这般的方式宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ puṇṇattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, āyasmā bhante puṇṇatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sādhu me bhante bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘santi kho puṇṇa cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati, tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjati nandī, nandī samudayo dukkhasamudayo puṇṇāti vadāmī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:那么,尊者,世尊给予具寿富那长老简略教诫之后,又是如何反问他的?他又是如何向世尊禀告的?以及,那位具寿富那长老的来世又如何呢?
Pucchā – evañcāvuso bhagavā āyasmato puṇṇattherassa saṃkhittena ovādaṃ datvā kathañca naṃ paṭipucchi, kathañca so bhagavato ārocesi, kathañcassāyasmato puṇṇattherassa abhisamparāyo ahosi.
答:尊者,世尊如此给予具寿富那简要的教诫后,反问具寿富那:“富那,你受此简要教诫,将往何处安住?”尊者,那位具寿便这样禀告世尊:“尊者,有个名为输那巴兰陀的地区,我将在那里安住。”尊者,那位具寿后来确实住在输那巴兰陀地区,就在那个雨安居期间证得三明,也在那个雨安居期间般涅槃。尊者,这便是那位具寿的归宿。
Vissajjanā – evaṃ kho bhante bhagavā āyasmato puṇṇattherassa saṃkhittena ovādaṃ datvā ‘‘iminā tvaṃ puṇṇa mayā saṃkhittena ovādena ovadito katamasmiṃ janapade viharissasī’’ti taṃ āyasmantaṃ puṇṇattheraṃ paṭipucchi. So ca bhante āyasmā ‘‘atthi bhante sunāparanto nāma janapado, tatthāhaṃ viharissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavato ārocesi. So hi bhante āyasmā sunāparante janapade vasitvā teneva antaravassena tisso vijjā sacchākāsi. Teneva antaravassena parinibbāyi. Evaṃ kho bhante tassa āyasmato abhisamparāyo ahosi.
世尊确实有弟子,对身体与生命感到厌烦、羞惭、厌恶,因而寻找持刀者(以求结束生命)。
Santi kho tassa bhagavato sāvakā kāyena ca jīvitena ca aṭṭīyamānā harāyamānā jigucchamānā satthahārakaṃ pariyesanti.
富那,你具足这样的调伏与寂静,便能在输那巴兰陀地区安住。
Sakkhissasi kho tvaṃ puṇṇa iminā damūpasamena samannāgato sunāparasantasmiṃ janapade vatthuṃ.
马鲁恰子经
Mālukyaputtasutta
问:尊者,彼世尊、阿罗汉、正自觉者……所说六品中的第二部《摩罗迦子经》,是在何处、针对谁、以何事为因缘、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena saḷavagge dutiyaṃ mālukyaputtasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
解答:尊者,此经在舍卫城,因具寿摩罗迦子长老而说。具寿摩罗迦子长老这样对世尊说:“尊者,善哉!愿世尊为我略说法要,使我听闻世尊的法后,能独居、远离、不放逸、精勤、坚定而住。”由此事缘,世尊先以“摩罗迦子,现在这里,我对那些年轻比丘们该说什么呢?”等语呵责长老,随后又鼓励他,然后说道:“摩罗迦子,你意下如何?那些眼所识知的色,你过去从未见、现在不见、你也认为将不会见——对于这些,你是否有欲或贪染?”
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ mālukyaputtattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante mālukyaputtatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sādhu me bhante bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘ettha dāni mālukyaputta kiṃ dahare bhikkhū vakkhāmāti’’ādinā theraṃ apasādetvā ceva ussādetvā ca ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi mālukyaputta, ye te cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā adiṭṭhā adiṭṭhapubbā, na ca passasi, na ca te hoti passeyyanti, atthi te tattha chando vā rāgo vā evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:那么,朋友,世尊以简略方式宣说此教诫后,那位具寿摩罗迦子长老对世尊说了什么?世尊又如何许可了他?这位具寿摩罗迦子长老的法现观是怎样的?
Pucchā – imasmiṃ ca kho panāvuso bhagavatā ovāde saṃkhittena bhāsite so āyasmā mālukyaputtatthero bhagavantaṃ kiṃ avoca kathañcassa bhagavā anuññāsi. Kīdiso cassāyasmato mālukyaputtattherassa dhammābhisamayo ahosi.
解答:尊者,世尊以简略方式宣说此教诫后,具寿摩罗迦子长老对世尊这样说:“尊者,世尊所简略宣说的法,我已详尽了知其义。”
Vissajjanā – imasmiṃ kho bhante ovāde bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsite āyasmā mālukyaputtatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘imassa khvāhaṃ bhante bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi.
见色已,失念者作意于可爱相;
其心染著而感受,且执取彼而安住。
他的种种由色所生之受,不断增长;
贪欲与恼害,损害其心。
Rūpaṃ disvā muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto; Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati. Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā rūpasambhavā; Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati; Evaṃ ācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbāna vuccati;
他于诸法不染著,正知法而具念;
离染之心感受,且不执取彼而住立。
正如他了知法,亦随顺受诸受;
损减而不积聚,他如是具念而行;
如此损减苦者,即名近于涅槃。
Na so rajjati dhammesu, dhammaṃ ñatvā paṭissato; Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati. Yathāssa jānato dhammaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ; Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato; Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbāna vuccatīti.
尊者,我对世尊略说的法义,是这样广解其义的。世尊赞叹道:“善哉,善哉!摩罗迦子,善哉!摩罗迦子,你能广解我略说的法义。”
Imassa khvāhaṃ bhante bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmīti. Bhagavā ca bhante ‘‘sādhu sādhu mālukyaputta, sādhu kho tvaṃ mālukyaputta mayā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāsī’’ti sādhukāraṃ datvā–
见色而失正念,作意于可爱相;
心染著者感受,且坚执于彼。
‘‘Rūpaṃ disvā sati muṭṭho, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto; Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhatī’’ti–
他认可了长老所说。尊者,那位具寿摩罗迦子长老独自远离,不放逸、精勤、意志坚定而住。不久,便于现法中,以胜智亲自证得并具足安住于那无上梵行的究竟——正是善男子们正当地从在家而出家、过无家生活所追求的。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,所作已办,不受后有。’具寿摩罗迦子成为一位阿拉汉。尊者,那位具寿的来生便是如此。
Therassa vacanaṃ samanuññāsi. So ca bhante āyasmā mālukyaputtatthero eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi, ‘‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataroca panāyasmā mālukyaputto arahataṃ ahosi. Evaṃ kho bhante tassa āyasmato abhisamparāyo ahosi.
见色之后,正念忘失,而作意于可爱之相;
心有染著者感受,并坚执于彼。
Rūpaṃ disvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto; Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.
放逸住经
Pamādavihārīsutta
问:尊者,第四《放逸住经》是世尊在何处、缘于谁而说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso catutthaṃ pamādavihārīsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,在舍卫城,世尊缘于众多比丘而说:“比丘们,我将为你们宣说放逸住者与不放逸住者,谛听。比丘们,如何是放逸住者?比丘们,若比丘安住于不防护眼根,其心于眼所识之色中流散。其心流散者便无喜悦,无喜悦便无喜,无喜便无轻安,无轻安便有苦,有苦者心不得定,心不得定则诸法不显现,因诸法不显现,即被称为放逸住者。”世尊以如这些而说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘pamādavihāriñca vo bhikkhave desessāmi appamādavihāriñca, taṃ suṇātha. Kathañca bhikkhave pamādavihārī hoti. Cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutassa bhikkhave viharato cittaṃ byāsiñcati cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu, tassa byāsittacittassa pāmojjaṃ na hoti, pāmojje asati pīti na hoti, pītiyā passaddhi na hoti, passaddhiyā asati dukkhaṃ hoti, dukkhino cittaṃ na samādhiyati, asamāhi te citte dhammā na pātubhavanti, dhammānaṃ apātubhāvā pamādavihārītveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
世间欲乐品
Lokakāmaguṇavagga
教诫罗睺罗经
Rāhulovādasutta
请问尊者:在《世间欲乐品》中,第八篇《教诫罗睺罗经》是世尊于何处、对何人、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – lokakāmaguṇavagge āvuso aṭṭhamaṃ rāhulovādasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,正是在舍卫城,世尊对尊者罗睺罗如此宣说:“罗睺罗,你意下如何?眼是常还是无常?”“无常,尊者。”“那么,凡是无常的,是苦还是乐?”“苦,尊者。”“那么,凡是无常、苦、变易之法,是否适宜作此观察:‘这是我的,这是我,这是我的自我’?”“不适宜,尊者。”……
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante āyasmantaṃ rāhulaṃ ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi rāhula, cakkhu niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vāti. Aniccaṃ bhante. Yaṃ panāniccaṃ, dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃvāti. Dukkhaṃ bhante. Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti. No hetaṃ bhante’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
我何不进一步教导罗睺罗,令他灭尽诸漏呢?
Yaṃnūnāhaṃ rāhulaṃ uttariṃ āsavānaṃ khaye vineyyaṃ.
罗睺罗,取坐具来。
Gaṇhāhi rāhula nisīdanaṃ.
颇罗堕婆罗门经
Bhāradvājasutta
问:尊者,在《居士品》中,由过去诸法结集大长老于第四结集所结集的《颇罗堕婆罗门经》,是在何处、针对谁、以何事为缘、由谁、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – gahapativagge āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi catutthaṃ saṃgītaṃ bhāradvājasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,于憍赏弥,针对优填王,由尊者宾头卢颇罗堕长老宣说。尊者,优填王对尊者宾头卢颇罗堕这样说:“颇罗堕尊者,是什么因、什么缘,使得这些年轻比丘——头发乌黑,正值青春年少,处于人生初期,未曾耽玩欲乐——却能终生修习圆满清净的梵行,并长久坚持呢?”以此事为缘。
Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃ udenaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā piṇḍolabhāradvājattherena bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante udeno āyasmantaṃ piṇḍolabhāradvājaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho bho bhāradvāja hetu ko paccayo, yenime daharā bhikkhū susū kāḷakesā bhadrena yobbanena samannāgatā paṭhamena vayasā anikīḷitāvino kāmesu yāvajīvaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ caranti, addhānañca āpādentī’’ti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘vuttaṃ kho
“大王,这是由彼世尊、知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者所说的:‘诸比丘,你们对于如母者应起母心,对于如姐妹者应起姐妹心,对于如女儿者应起女儿心。’”尊者,这是由尊者宾头卢颇罗堕长老以如是方式所宣说的。
Etaṃ mahārāja tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena etha tumhe bhikkhave mātumattīsu mātucittaṃ upaṭṭhapetha. Bhaganimattīsu bhaginicittaṃ upaṭṭhapetha, dhītumattīsu dhītucittaṃ upaṭṭhapethā’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā piṇḍola bhāradvājattherena bhāsitaṃ.
鞞罗诃阇尼经
Verahaccānisutta
问——贤友,就在那里,古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第十部《韦拉哈查尼经》,是在何处、关于谁、在何事由中、由谁、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ verahaccānisuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
解答——尊者,在迦曼达,针对韦拉哈查尼族婆罗门女,由具寿优陀夷长老宣说。尊者,韦拉哈查尼族婆罗门女对具寿优陀夷长老这样说:“尊者,当什么存在时,阿罗汉施设苦与乐?当什么不存在时,阿罗汉不施设苦与乐?”在那件事由中,具寿优陀夷长老以“姊妹,当眼存在时,阿罗汉施设苦与乐;当眼不存在时,阿罗汉不施设苦与乐”等这样的方式宣说。
Vissajjanā – kāmaṇḍāyaṃ bhante verahaccānigottaṃ brāhmaṇiṃ ārabbha āyasmatā udāyittherena bhāsitaṃ. Verahaccānīgottā bhante brāhmaṇī āyasmantaṃ udāyittheraṃ etadavoca ‘‘kismiṃ nu kho bhante sati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti, kismiṃ asati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ na paññapentī’’ti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cakkhusmiṃ kho bhagini sati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti, cakkhusmiṃ asati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ na paññapentī’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā udāyittherena bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,在迭瓦达哈品中,《时机经》是世尊于何处、对何人、以何种方式宣说的?
Pucchā – devadahavagge āvuso khaṇasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在释迦族名为迭瓦达哈的释迦人城镇中,世尊针对众多比丘这样宣说:“比丘们,这是你们的获得,比丘们,这是你们的善得,你们已获得修习梵行的时机。”
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante devadahe nāma sakyānaṃ nigame sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘lābhā vo bhikkhave, suladdhaṃ vo bhikkhave, khaṇo vo paṭiladdho brahmacariyavāsāyā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
渔夫譬喻经
Bāḷisikopamasutta
问:“贤友,海品中的第三部《渔夫譬喻经》,是世尊在何处、对谁宣说的?”
Pucchā – samuddavagge panāvuso tatiyaṃ bāḷisikopamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
解答:“尊者,世尊在王舍城耆婆庵罗林,对众多比丘,以‘比丘们,譬如渔夫将带有肉饵的鱼钩投入深水湖中’等方式宣说了。”
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante jīvakambavane sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘seyyathāpi bhikkhave bāḷisiko āmisagatabaḷisaṃ gambhīre udakarahade pakkhipeyyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
燃烧法门经
Ādittapariyāyasutta
问:“贤友,在六处相应·海品中,由古代诸大长老结集法藏时所结集的第八部《燃烧法门经》,是世尊对谁、以何种方式宣说的?”
Pucchā – saḷāyatanavaggasaṃyutte samuddavagge panāvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi saṃgītaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ ādittapariyāyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:世尊针对众多比丘说:“诸比丘,我将为你们宣说‘燃烧法门’这一法门,你们谛听。诸比丘,什么是燃烧法门?诸比丘,宁可被一根烧得通红、炽燃、火焰升腾的铁棒触抹眼根,也绝不在眼所识知的诸色上执取随形相,执取总相。”这些是世尊所说。
Vissajjanā – sambahule bhante bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘ādittapariyāyaṃ vo bhikkhave dhammapariyāyaṃ desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha. Katamo ca bhikkhave ādittapariyāyo dhammapariyāyo. Varaṃ bhikkhave tattāya ayosalākāya ādittāya sampajjalitāya sajotibhūtāya cakkhundriyaṃ sampalimaṭṭhaṃ, natveva cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu anubyañjanaso nimittaggāho’’tiādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
第一木块譬喻经
Paṭhamadārukkhandhopamasutta
问:贤友,在《毒蛇品》中,由古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第四结集中,世尊是在何处、对谁、以何种方式宣说《第一木块譬喻经》的?
Pucchā – āsīvisavagge āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi catutthaṃ saṃgītaṃ paṭhamadārukkhandhopamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:在拘睒弥的恒河岸边,世尊以诸多比丘为缘,开示道:“诸比丘,你们看见那根在恒河水流中被冲走的大木块吗?”如这些,为世尊所说。
Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante gaṅgāya nadiyā tīre sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘passatha no tumhe bhikkhave amhaṃ mahantaṃ dārukkhandhaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā sotena vuyhamāna’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitā.
问:贤友,在那里,世尊是如何详细分别解说“此岸”等近行用语之含义的呢?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā orimatīrādīnaṃ upacāravacanānaṃ attho vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsito.
回答:“此岸”,诸比丘,这是对六内处的称呼。“彼岸”,这是对六外处的称呼。“沉没于中流”,这是对喜贪的称呼。“搁浅在高地”,这是对我慢的称呼。以上即是世尊详细分别解说“此岸”等近行用语含义的方式。
Vissajjanā – orimaṃ tīranti kho bhikkhu channetaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Pārimaṃ tīranti kho bhikkhu channetaṃ bāhirānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Majjhe saṃsīdoti kho bhikkhu nandirāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Thale ussādoti kho bhikkhu asmimānassetaṃ adhivacananti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha orimatīrādīnaṃ upacāravacanānaṃ attho vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsito.
问——贤友,在这部经中,世尊所说之法,是特别对谁而说、他获得了怎样的义利、又是如何获得的呢?
Pucchā – imasmiṃ kho pana āvuso sutte bhagavatā bhāsite visesato kassa kīdiso attho kathañca paṭiladdho.
答——尊者,在这部经中,世尊所说之法,其殊胜义利,是特别使得牧牛者难陀获得了出家与具足戒,乃至证得阿罗汉果。
Vissajjanā – imasmiṃ bhante sutte bhagavatā bhāsite visesato nandassa gopālakassa pabbajjā ca upasampadā ca yāva arahattāca visesato attho adhigato.
“尊者,愿我得以在世尊座下出家,受具足戒。”
Labheyyāhaṃ bhante bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampadaṃ.
那么,难陀,你把牛群归还给它们的主人吧。
Tena hi tvaṃ nanda sāmikānaṃ gāvo niyyātehi.
尊者,母牛们思念牛犊,会自己走回去的。
Gamissanti bhante gāvo vacchagiddhiniyo.
《吉树譬喻经》
Kiṃsukopamasutta
问:尊者,古时结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第八部经《吉树譬喻经》,世尊是在何处、对何人、因何事、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi aṭṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ kiṃsukopamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,此经是世尊在释迦族迦毗罗卫城的尼拘律园,就某位作务比丘而宣说的。尊者,有一位作务比丘,向四位漏尽比丘询问智见清净后,对他们的回答感到不满足,便前往世尊处。到后,对世尊这样说:‘尊者,比丘的见要怎样才算完全清净呢?’于是,世尊就此事如此宣说:‘比丘,譬如有人从未见过吉树,为见吉树而走到某人那里’等。尊者,世尊便是这样宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme aññataraṃ kārakaṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante kārako bhikkhu cattāro khāṇāsave bhikkhū ñāṇadassanavisuddhaṃ pucchitvā asantuṭṭho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pañhāveyyākaraṇena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kittāvatā nu kho bhante bhikkhuno dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hotī’’ti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘seyyathāpi bhikkhu purisassa kiṃsuko adiṭṭhapubbo assa, so yenaññataro puriso kiṃsukassa dassāvī tenupasaṅkameyyā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
《六畜譬喻经》
Chappāṇakopamasutta
问曰:尊者,由古时结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第十部经——《六畜譬喻经》,是世尊在何处、依何人、如何宣说的呢?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ chappāṇakopamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,即在释迦族,依众多比丘而说:‘诸比丘,譬如有人患风病、胆病发作,走进芦苇丛中’等。世尊便是如此宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sakkesuyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘seyyathāpi, bhikkhave puriso arugatto pakkagatto saravanaṃ paviseyyā’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,世尊在此是如何详细分别宣说不律仪的呢?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā asaṃvaro vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
答:尊者,世尊于此如是详细分别宣说不律仪:‘诸比丘,何等为不律仪?诸比丘,于此有比丘,以眼见色已,于可爱色生贪着,于不可爱色生瞋恚,不立身念,住心狭劣,且不如实知心解脱、慧解脱,于彼已生之恶不善法令无余灭尽之处……’尊者,世尊便是这样详细分别宣说不律仪的。
Vissajjanā – kathañca bhikkhave asaṃvaro hoti, idha bhikkhave bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe adhimuccati, appiyarūpe rūpe byāpajjati, anupaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati parittacetaso. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhantīti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha asaṃvaro vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
尊者,世尊在此是如何详细分别宣说律仪的呢?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā saṃvaro vibhajitvā vitthārena desito.
答曰:尊者,世尊在那里如此分别并详细开示了律仪:‘比丘们,什么是律仪呢?比丘们,在此,比丘以眼见到色后,于可意色不耽着,于不可意色不瞋恚……’如这些等。尊者,世尊就是这样分别并详细开示了律仪的。
Vissajjanā – kathañca bhikkhave saṃvaro hoti, idha bhikkhave bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe nādhimuccati, appiyarūpe rūpe na byāpajjatīti, evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha saṃvaro vibhajitvā vitthārena desito.
《应见经》
Daṭṭhabbasutta
问——尊者,彼世尊……正自觉者,在《受相应》中所说的第五《应见经》,是于何处、因何人、又是如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena vedanāsaṃyutte pañcamaṃ daṭṭhabbasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者,在释迦族所在的迦毗罗卫城尼拘律园,世尊针对众多比丘而说:“比丘们,有此三种受。哪三种?乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。比丘们,乐受应视作苦,苦受应视作箭,不苦不乐受应视作无常。”世尊以如是等方式宣说。
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘tisso imā bhikkhave vedanā. Katamā tisso, sukhā vedanā dukkhāvedanā adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Sukhā bhikkhave vedanā dukkhato daṭṭhabbā, dukkhā vedanā sallato daṭṭhabbā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā aniccato daṭṭhabbā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
“比丘们,乐受应视作苦。”
Sukhā bhikkhave vedanā dukkhato daṭṭhabbā.
他确实是正见的比丘,遍知诸受;
他遍知诸受后,于现法无漏;
身坏命终后,安住于法者、成就吠陀者,不堕于算数。
Yo sukhaṃ dukkhato addasa, dukkhamaddakkhi sallato; Adukkhamasukhaṃ santaṃ, addakkhinaṃ aniccato. Sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhu, parijānāti vedanā; So vedanā pariññāya, diṭṭhe dhamme anāsavo; Kāyassa bhedā dhammaṭṭho, saṅkhyaṃ nopeti vedagū.
问:尊者,就在那里,世尊所说的第六《箭经》,是于何处、针对何人、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ sallasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,在释迦族的迦毗罗卫城尼拘律园,世尊针对众多比丘而说:“诸比丘,无闻凡夫也感受乐受,也感受苦受,也感受不苦不乐受。诸比丘,多闻圣弟子也感受乐受,也感受苦受,也感受不苦不乐受。诸比丘,于此,多闻圣弟子与无闻凡夫之间,有何差别、有何特胜、有何不同?”世尊以如是方式宣说。
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘assutavā bhikkhave puthujjano sukhampi vedanaṃ vedayati, dukkhampi vedanaṃ vedayati, adukkhamasukhampi vedanaṃ vedayati. Sutavā bhikkhave ariyasāvako sukhampi vedanaṃ vedayati, dukkhampi vedanaṃ vedayati, adukkhamasukhampi vedanaṃ vedayati. Tatra bhikkhave ko viseso, ko adhippayāso, kiṃ nānākaraṇaṃ sutavato ariyabhāvakassa assutavatā puthujjanenā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
阎浮车相应
Jambukhādakasaṃyutta
《涅槃问经》
Nibbānapañhāsutta
问:尊者,阎浮车相应中的第一《涅槃问经》,是在何处、缘何人、以何事、由谁、如何宣说?
Pucchā – jambukhādakasaṃyutte āvuso paṭhamaṃ nibbānapañhāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,此经宣说于摩揭陀国的那罗迦村,缘游方者阎浮车,由具寿法将舍利弗长老所宣说。尊者,游方者阎浮车对具寿舍利弗这样说:“舍利弗贤友,人们说‘涅槃、涅槃’,贤友,究竟什么是涅槃?”尊者,在此事缘中,具寿法将舍利弗长老以“贤友,贪尽、嗔尽、痴尽,这称为涅槃”等语而宣说。
Vissajjanā – magadhesu bhante nālakagāmake jambukhādakaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ. Jambukhādako bhante paribbājako āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘nibbānaṃ nibbānanti āvuso sāriputta vuccati, katamaṃ nukho āvuso nibbāna’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yo kho āvuso rāgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo, idaṃ vuccati nibbāna’’nti evamādinā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
《说法者问经》
Dhammavādīpañhāsutta
问:尊者,正是在那里,由古代结集法藏的大长老们在第三结集中所结集的《说法者问经》,是于何处、缘何人、以何事、由谁、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ dhammavādīpañhāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,正是在摩揭陀国的那罗迦村,缘游方者阎浮车,由具寿法将舍利弗长老所说。尊者,游方者阎浮车这样问具寿舍利弗:“舍利弗贤友,世间谁是说法者?世间谁是善修行者?世间谁是善逝者?”尊者,在此因缘中,具寿法将舍利弗长老以“贤友,那些为断贪而说法、为断嗔而说法、为断痴而说法者,他们是世间的说法者”等语而为宣说。
Vissajjanā – magadhesuyeva bhante nālakagāme jambukhādakaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ. Jambukhādako bhante paribbājako āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ke nu kho āvuso sāriputta loke dhammavādino, ke loke suppaṭipannā, ke loke sugatā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘ye kho āvuso rāgappahānāya dhammaṃ desenti, dosappahānāya dhammaṃ desenti, mohappahānāya dhammaṃ desenti. Te loke dhammavādino’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
世间谁是善修行者?
Ke loke suppaṭipannā.
世间之中,谁是善逝者?
Ke loke sugatā.
难作问经
Dukkarapañhāsutta
问:就在那里,由古代结集法藏的大长老们作为最后一部经结集的《难作问经》,是于何处、缘何人、以何事、由谁、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhaka mahātherehi pariyosānasuttabhāvena saṃgītaṃ dukkarapañhāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:正是在摩揭陀国的那罗迦村,缘游方者阎浮车,由法将具寿舍利弗尊者宣说。游方者阎浮车对具寿舍利弗这样说:“舍利弗贤友,在这法与律中,什么是难作的?”尊者,在此事中,法将具寿舍利弗尊者以“贤友,在这法与律中,出家是难作的”等语宣说。
Vissajjanā – magadhesuyeva nālakagāme jambukhādakaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ. Jambukhādako bhante paribbājako āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kiṃ nu kho āvuso sāriputta imasmiṃ dhammavinaye dukkara’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘pabbajjā kho āvuso imasmiṃ dhammavinaye dukkarā’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
目犍连相应
Moggallānasaṃyutta
问——贤友,在目犍连相应中,第十次结集的《帝释经》是在何处、关于谁、由谁、以何种方式宣说的?
Pucchā – moggallānasaṃyutte āvuso dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ sakkasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者,于天界三十三天中,关于诸天之主帝释,由具寿大目犍连长老如是宣说:“诸天之主,皈依佛实为殊胜;诸天之主,正是由于皈依佛的因缘,有些众生在此世间身坏命终后,往生善趣、天界。”等等。
Vissajjanā – devesu bhante tāvatiṃsesu sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ ārabbha ‘‘sādhu kho devānaminda buddhasaraṇagamanaṃ hoti, buddhasaraṇagamanahetu kho devānaminda evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā mahāmoggallānattherena bhāsitaṃ.
尼乾陀若提子经
Nigaṇṭhanāṭaputtasutta
问——尊者,在心相应中,由古代结集法的诸大长老所结集的第八部《尼乾陀若提子经》,是在何处、关于谁、以何事为缘、由谁、以何种方式宣说的?
Pucchā – cittasaṃyutte āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi aṭṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ nigaṇṭhanāṭaputtasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者,是在马奇卡桑达,关于尼乾陀若提子,由居士质多所宣说的。尊者,尼乾陀若提子曾对居士质多这样说:“居士,你相信沙门乔达摩有那无寻无伺的定、有寻与伺的灭尽吗?”尊者,以此事为缘,居士质多那样说道:“尊者,对此,我并非因为信仰世尊便如此信受,确实有无寻无伺的定,确实有寻与伺的灭尽。”以这样的方式等。
Vissajjanā – macchikāsaṇḍe bhante nigaṇṭhaṃ nāṭaputtaṃ ārabbha cittena gahapatinā bhāsitaṃ. Nigaṇṭho bhante nāṭaputto cittaṃ gahapatiṃ etadavoca ‘‘saddahasi tvaṃ gahapati samaṇassa gotamassa atthi avitakko avicāro samādhi, atthi vitakkavicārānaṃ nirodho’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘na khvāhaṃ ettha bhante bhagavato saddhāya gacchāmi, atthi avitakko avicāro samādhi, atthi vitakkavicārānaṃ nirodho’’ti evamādinā cittena gahapatinā bhāsitaṃ.
请诸位看这个。
Idaṃ bhavanto passantu.
这位质多居士是何等正直啊!
Yāva ujuko cāyaṃ citto gahapati.
尊者,我确实能随我所愿,远离诸欲、远离不善法,有寻有伺,由离而生喜乐,具足初禅而安住。
‘‘Ahaṃ kho bhante yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi, vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi’’ –
请诸位观看此事。
Idaṃ bhavanto passantu.
裸行迦叶经
Acelakassapasutta
贤友,同样在那里的,由古时结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第九经——《裸行迦叶经》,是在何处、为谁、以何事为缘、由谁、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi navamaṃ saṃgītaṃ acelakassapasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,就在摩揭陀国的摩奇迦山达,缘于裸行者迦叶,由居士质多所宣说。尊者,裸行者迦叶对居士质多这样说:“居士,你在此三十年间,是否证得过任何过人法、足以称为圣者智见殊胜的安乐住?”尊者,在那因缘中,居士质多说:“尊者,在家者也能证得。尊者,我若愿意,即能离诸欲、离不善法,有寻有伺,离生喜乐,具足初禅而住。”
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante macchikāsaṇḍe acelaṃ kassapaṃ ārabbha cittena gahapatinā bhāsitaṃ. Acelo bhante kassapo cittaṃ gahapatiṃ etadavoca ‘‘imehi pana te gahapati tiṃsamattehi vassehi atthi koci uttarimanussadhammo alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘gihinopi siyā bhante ahañhi bhante yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi, vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmī’’ti evamādinā cittena gahapatinā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,由彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者……所宣说的《村长相应》第一经《凶暴经》,是在何处、于何人、以何为因缘、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena gāmaṇisaṃyutte paṭhamaṃ caṇḍasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,是在舍卫城,针对凶暴村长而宣说的。尊者,凶暴村长曾对世尊这样说:“尊者,是什么因、什么缘,使得这里某个人被称为‘凶暴者’?尊者,又是什么因、什么缘,使得这里某个人被称为‘柔和者’?”尊者,对此,世尊这样说:“村长,在此,有人未断除贪;由于未断除贪,他人使他生气,被他人所激怒,他便表现出愤怒,因此他被称为‘凶暴者’。”
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante caṇḍaṃ gāmaṇiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Caṇḍo bhante gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho bhante hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacco caṇḍo caṇḍotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Ko pana bhante hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacco sorato soratotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘idha gāmaṇi ekaccassa rāgo appahīno hoti, rāgassa appahīnattā pare kopenti, parehi kopiyamāno kopaṃ pātukaroti, so caṇḍotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,就在此处,由古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第七部经——《田喻经》,是在何处、缘于何人、以何事为因缘、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi sattamaṃ saṃgītaṃ khettūpamasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,这是在那烂陀的婆瓦利迦芒果林,缘于刀师之子村长而宣说的。尊者,刀师之子村长对世尊这样说:“尊者,世尊不是住于悲悯一切众生吗?”“是的,村长,如来住于悲悯一切众生。”“那么,尊者,为什么世尊对某些人详尽说法,对另一些人却不如是详尽说法呢?”尊者,在那件事中,世尊这样说道:“那么,村长,我就在此反问你,你如能回答,便如是回答。”
Vissajjanā – nāḷandāyaṃ bhante pāvārikambavane asibandhakaputtaṃ gāmaṇiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Asibandhakaputto bhante gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘nanu bhante bhagavā sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharatīti. Evaṃ gāmaṇi tathāgato sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharatīti. Atha kiñcarahi bhante bhagavā ekaccānaṃ sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ deseti, ekaccānaṃ no tathā sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ desetī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘tena hi gāmaṇi taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi, yathā te khameyya, tathā naṃ byākareyyāsī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
螺声经
Saṅkhadhamasutta
问:贤友,就在此处,由古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第八部经——《螺声经》,是世尊在何处、缘于何人、以何事为因缘、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhaka mahātherehi aṭṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ saṅkhadhamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,此经正是在那烂陀的婆伐利迦芒果林中,对尼乾陀的弟子农夫阿私班达迦而说。尊者,世尊对尼乾陀的弟子农夫阿私班达迦这样说:“农夫,尼乾陀·若提子是如何为弟子们说法的呢?”“尊者,尼乾陀·若提子是这样为弟子们说法的:‘任何杀生者,他全部都会堕入恶趣、地狱。……他多作什么、多住于什么,就被那个所牵引。’”尊者,世尊就此事简略地开示说:“农夫,若‘他多作什么、多住于什么,就被那个所牵引’,如此则没有人会堕入恶趣、地狱,正如尼乾陀·若提子的话一样。”
Vissajjanā – nāḷandāyaṃyeva bhante pāvārikambavane asibandhakaputtaṃ gāmaṇiṃ nigaṇṭhasāvakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhagavā bhante asibandhakaputtaṃ gāmaṇiṃ nigaṇṭhasāvakaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho gāmaṇi nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ desetī’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhante nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ deseti ‘‘yo koci pāṇaṃ atipāteti, sabbo so āpāyiko nerayiko. (Peyyāla) yaṃbahulaṃ yaṃbahulaṃ viharati, tena tena nīyatī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yaṃbahulaṃ yaṃbahulañca gāmaṇi viharati, tena tena nīyati, evaṃ sante na koci āpāyiko nerayiko bhavissati, yathā nigaṇṭhassa nāṭaputtassa vacana’’nti evaṃ kho bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsitaṃ.
多住者被牵引之说
Yaṃ bahulavāda
问曰:尊者,世尊在那里是如何揭示‘多住者被牵引’之说的过患的?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā yaṃbahulavāde doso pakāsito.
答曰:尊者,世尊在那里对尼乾陀·若提子的弟子农夫阿私班达迦一再询问,从而揭示了‘多住者被牵引’之说的过患,例如:“农夫,你认为如何?那位杀生的人,在夜间或白昼,按时分来计算,是他杀生的时间多,还是不杀生的时间多?”等等。
Vissajjanā – taṃ kiṃ maññasi gāmaṇi, yo so puriso pāṇātipātī rattiyā vā divasassa vā samayāsamayaṃ upādāya katamo bahutaro samayo yaṃ vāso pāṇamatipāteti. Yaṃ vā so pāṇaṃ nātipātetīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā asibandhakaṃ nigaṇṭhanāṭaputtassa sāvakaṃ gāmaṇiṃ pucchitvā pucchitvā yaṃbahulavāde doso pakāsito.
问:尊者,对于有多种果报的业,却主张唯有一种果报,世尊是如何显示这种说法中的过患的呢?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā anekaṃsa vipākakammassa ekaṃ savipākavāde doso pakāsito.
答:尊者,对于有多种果报的业,却主张唯有一种果报,世尊详细地揭示了其中的过患。例如:‘农夫,在此有某导师持如此说、如此见:凡杀生者,悉皆堕入恶趣、地狱。’等等。
Vissajjanā – idha gāmaṇi ekacco satthā evaṃvādī hoti evaṃdiṭṭhi yo koci pāṇamatipāteti, sabbo so āpāyiko nerayikoti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā anekaṃsa kammavipākassa ekaṃsavipākavāde doso vitthāretvā pakāsito.
问:尊者,对于如法的教说,世尊是如何分别其功德而加以显示的呢?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā yathādhammasāsane guṇovibhajitvā pakāsito.
答曰:“尊者,在那里,世尊详尽地分析并揭示了正法教说中的功德,例如:‘农夫,于此,如来出现于世间,是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。他以种种方式呵斥、谴责杀生,并说:“你们应当远离杀生。”’”等等。
Vissajjanā – idha pana gāmaṇi tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaropurisa dammasārathi satthādevamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā, so anekapariyāyena pāṇātipātaṃ garahati vigarahati. ‘‘Pāṇātipātā viramathā’’ti cāhāti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha yathādhammasāsane guṇo vitthāretvā pakāsito.
问曰:“尊者,由过去结集法的诸大长老所结集的第十一部经——《跋德拉咖经》,是世尊在何处、针对谁、以何事为缘、如何说的呢?”
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi ekādasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ bhadrakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:“尊者,这是在末罗族中,一个名叫优楼频螺劫波的末罗族聚落,针对农夫跋德拉咖而说的。尊者,农夫跋德拉咖对世尊这样说:‘萨度!尊者,愿世尊为我开示苦的集起与灭尽。’尊者,即以此事为缘,世尊这样说:‘农夫,如果我为你追溯过去世来开示苦的集起与灭尽,说“过去世曾是这样”,对此你可能会生疑、产生困惑。’”等等。
Vissajjanā – mallesu bhante uruvelakappenāma mallānaṃ nigame bhadrakaṃ gāmaṇiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhadrako bhante gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sādhu me bhante bhagavā dukkhassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desetū’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘ahañce te gāmaṇi atītamaddhānaṃ ārabbha dukkhassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca deseyyaṃ ‘evaṃ ahosi atītamaddhāna’nti. Tatra te siyā kaṅkhā siyā vimatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
萨度!尊者世尊,请为我说苦的……
请开示集起与灭尽。
Sādhu me bhante bhagavā dukkhassa Samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desetu–
聚落主,你意下如何?乌鲁维拉村那里有人吗?
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi gāmaṇi, atthi uruvelakappe manussā’’ –
问:尊者,由世尊、正自觉者所宣说,结集在《聚落主相应》中的第十二经——《罗希耶经》,是于何处、针对何人、以何事为缘、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena gāmaṇisaṃyutte dvādasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ rāsiyasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,这是在末罗族名为乌鲁维拉村的聚落中,针对聚落主罗希耶而宣说的。尊者,聚落主罗希耶来到世尊处,对世尊这样说:“尊者,我曾听闻:‘沙门乔达摩呵责一切苦行,对一切苦行者、粗劣生活者一概非难、斥责。’尊者,那些说‘沙门乔达摩呵责一切苦行,对一切苦行者、粗劣生活者一概非难、斥责’的人,他们所说的是否如实符合世尊的言教?是否没有以不实之词诽谤世尊?是否是在如法解说随顺法义?”尊者,正是以此事为缘,世尊针对聚落主们所说的“沙门乔达摩呵责一切苦行,对一切苦行者、粗劣生活者一概非难、斥责”这番言论,进行了宣说。
Vissajjanā – mallesu bhante uruvelakappenāma mallānaṃ nigame rāsiyaṃ gāmaṇiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rāsiyo bhante gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadadoca ‘‘sutaṃ me bhante ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tamassiṃ lūkhajīviṃ ekaṃsena upavadati upakkosatī’’ti. Ye te bhante evamāhaṃsu ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhajīviṃ ekaṃsena upavadati upakkosatī’’ti. Kacci te bhante bhagavato vuttavādino, na ca bhagavantaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhanti, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākarontī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ye te gāmaṇi evamāhaṃsu ‘‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhajīviṃ ekaṃsena upavadati upakkosatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:尊者,在这部经中,世尊如何详细分别、开示了应受呵责与不应受呵责的受用欲乐者?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā garahitabbāgarahitabbā kāmabhogino vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
答:聚落主,世间有三种欲乐受用者。哪三种?聚落主,在此,有一种欲乐受用者以非法、以强力手段求取财物;以非法、以强力手段求取财物后,他不令自己快乐,不令自己满足,也不分享、不作福德。尊者,世尊便是以这样的方式,详细分别开示了应受呵责的欲乐受用者。
Vissajjanā – tayo kho me gāmaṇi kāmabhogino santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo. Idha gāmaṇi ekacco kāmabhogī adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasena, adhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasena na attānaṃ sukheti na pīṇeti, na saṃvibhajati na puññāni karotīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā garahitabbāgarahitabbā kāmabhogino vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
问:尊者,于此经中,世尊是如何详细分别开示应受呵责与不应受呵责的苦行者、粗劣生活者的?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā garahitabbāgarahitabbā tapassino lūkhajīvino vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
答:聚落主,世间有三种苦行者、粗劣生活者。哪三种?聚落主,在此,有一种苦行者、粗劣生活者,出于信心,从在家而出家,过着无家的生活,心想:“或许我能证得善法,或许我能证悟超越凡夫之法、足以称为圣者的智见殊胜。”他折磨自己、令自己受苦,却未证得善法,也未证悟超越凡夫之法、足以称为圣者的智见殊胜。尊者,世尊便是以这样的方式,详细分别开示了应受呵责与不应受呵责的苦行者、粗劣生活者。
Vissajjanā – tayo me gāmaṇi tapassino lūkhajīvino santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo. Idha gāmaṇī ekacco tapassī lūkhajīvī saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti ‘‘appeva nāma kusalaṃ dhammaṃ adhigaccheyyaṃ, appeva nāma uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ sacchikareyya’’nti, so attānaṃ ātāpeti paritāpeti, kusalañca dhammaṃ nādhigacchati, uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ na sacchikarotīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā garahitabbāgarahitabbā tapassino lūkhajīvino vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
无记相应
Abyākatasaṃyutta
问:尊者,在《无记相应》中,由古代结集法藏的诸大长老首次结集的《差摩经》,是在何处、为谁而说、以何事为缘、由谁、以何方式宣说的?后来它又是如何被世尊再次宣说的?
Pucchā – abyākatasaṃyutte panāvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhaka mahātherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ khemāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ. Kathañca taṃ bhagavatāpi puna bhāsitaṃ.
解答:尊者,在舍卫城与沙计多之间的城门建筑所在之处,针对拘萨罗王波斯匿,由差摩比丘尼所说。尊者,拘萨罗王波斯匿前往差摩比丘尼处,到了之后,敬礼,退坐一旁。退坐一旁的拘萨罗王波斯匿对差摩比丘尼这样说:“大姊,如来死后存在吗?”尊者,关于此事,差摩比丘尼回答说:“大王,世尊对‘如来死后存在’不曾记说。”尊者,后来世尊被拘萨罗王波斯匿问及此事时,也作了同样的记说。
Vissajjanā – antarā ca bhante sāvatthiṃ antarā ca sāketaṃ toraṇavatthusmiṃ padese rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha khemāya bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo yena khemā bhikkhunī tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho bhante rājā pasenadikosalo khemaṃ bhikkhuniṃ etadavoca ‘‘kiṃ nukho ayye hoti tathāgato paraṃmaraṇā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘abyākataṃ kho etaṃ mahārāja bhagavatā hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti evamādinā khemāya bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ. Bhagavatā ca bhante aparena samayena raññā pasenadikosalena puṭṭhena evameva puna bhāsitaṃ.
那么,大姊,如来死后不存在吗?
Kiṃ panayye nahoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā.
好奇堂经
Kutūhalasālāsutta
问:朋友,由往昔结集法的大长老们结集为第九部的《好奇堂经》,是世尊于何处、就何人、因何事、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi navamaṃ saṃgītaṃ kutūhalasālāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,在毗舍离,是就游方者婆蹉而宣说的。尊者,游方者婆蹉来到世尊面前,这样说:“乔达摩尊者,前些日子乃至更早,众多不同外道的沙门、婆罗门、游方者聚集在好奇堂中,生起了这样一段中间议论……”尊者,关于此事,世尊如此开示:“婆蹉,你确实有所疑,有所惑;而于可疑惑之处,你生起了疑惑。”
Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante vacchagottaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Vacchagotto bhante paribbājako bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘purimāni bho gotama divasāni purimatarāni sambahulānaṃ nānātitthiyānaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ kutūhalasālāyaṃ sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarakathā udapādī’’ti evamādikaṃ vacanaṃ avoca. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘alañhi te vaccha kaṅkhituṃ, alaṃ vicikicchituṃ. Kaṅkhanīye ca pana te ṭhāne vicikicchā uppannā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.