《玛伦亚之子经》
Mālukyaputtasutta
问:尊者,那位世尊……等……正自觉者在六品中第二部《玛伦亚之子经》,是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为因缘、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena saḷavagge dutiyaṃ mālukyaputtasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:这部经是在舍卫城,因为具寿玛伦亚之子长老而说的。具寿玛伦亚之子长老这样对世尊说:“尊者,太好了!请世尊为我简要地说法,让我听了世尊的法之后,能独自住在僻静处,不放逸,热诚,一心精进。”就在这个因缘中,世尊先用“玛伦亚之子,现在我还能对那些年轻比丘说什么呢”这样的话斥责了这位长老,又激励了他,然后说:“玛伦亚之子,你怎么想?那些眼能识知的色,你过去没有见过、以前也从未见过,现在也看不见,而且你也不认为将来会看见——对它们,你还有欲或贪染吗?”
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ mālukyaputtattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante mālukyaputtatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sādhu me bhante bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘ettha dāni mālukyaputta kiṃ dahare bhikkhū vakkhāmāti’’ādinā theraṃ apasādetvā ceva ussādetvā ca ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi mālukyaputta, ye te cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā adiṭṭhā adiṭṭhapubbā, na ca passasi, na ca te hoti passeyyanti, atthi te tattha chando vā rāgo vā evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:那么,朋友,世尊这样简要地说了这番教诫之后,那位具寿玛伦亚之子长老对世尊说了什么?世尊又是怎么认可他的?这位具寿玛伦亚之子长老的法现观又是怎样的呢?
Pucchā – imasmiṃ ca kho panāvuso bhagavatā ovāde saṃkhittena bhāsite so āyasmā mālukyaputtatthero bhagavantaṃ kiṃ avoca kathañcassa bhagavā anuññāsi. Kīdiso cassāyasmato mālukyaputtattherassa dhammābhisamayo ahosi.
解答:尊者,世尊以简要方式宣说这段教诫之后,具寿玛伦亚之子长老对世尊这样说:“尊者,对于世尊以简要方式宣说的这段内容,我能详细了知其义。”
Vissajjanā – imasmiṃ kho bhante ovāde bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsite āyasmā mālukyaputtatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘imassa khvāhaṃ bhante bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi.
看见色之后,失去正念的人,把心放在可爱的相上;
带着强烈贪染的心去感受,并且执取它、停住在上面。
诸受由色生,种种恒增长;
贪欲与恼害,其心受摧伤。
这样不断积攒,就会带来苦;涅槃则被称为遥远。
Rūpaṃ disvā muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto; Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati. Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā rūpasambhavā; Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati; Evaṃ ācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbāna vuccati;
他不贪染诸法,了知法后保持正念。
心已离染,他感受着,但对那感受不执取、不固守。
如实了知法、亲近感受者,
唯消不积;如是,彼具念而行。
这样不断削减苦,就叫做接近涅槃。
Na so rajjati dhammesu, dhammaṃ ñatvā paṭissato; Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati. Yathāssa jānato dhammaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ; Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato; Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbāna vuccatīti.
尊者,对于世尊简要所说的这个法义,我这样详细地理解它的含义。世尊赞叹说:“萨度,萨度,玛伦亚之子!萨度,玛伦亚之子,你对我简要所说的法义,能详细地理解它的含义。”
Imassa khvāhaṃ bhante bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmīti. Bhagavā ca bhante ‘‘sādhu sādhu mālukyaputta, sādhu kho tvaṃ mālukyaputta mayā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāsī’’ti sādhukāraṃ datvā–
“看见色之后,正念丢失了,他作意于可爱的相。
内心被贪染的人会去感受它,并且紧抓不放地停留在那里。”
‘‘Rūpaṃ disvā sati muṭṭho, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto; Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhatī’’ti–
世尊认可了长老的话。尊者,那位具寿玛伦亚之子长老独处、远离,不放逸,精勤,心志坚定而住。不久,他就在当下以殊胜的智慧,亲自证悟并成就了那无上梵行的终极目标,并安住其中;那正是善男子们正确地从在家出家、过无家生活所追求的同一个目标。他了知:生已尽,梵行已立,所作已办,不受后有。具寿玛伦亚之子成了阿拉汉之一。尊者,这就是那位具寿的后世归宿。
Therassa vacanaṃ samanuññāsi. So ca bhante āyasmā mālukyaputtatthero eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi, ‘‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataroca panāyasmā mālukyaputto arahataṃ ahosi. Evaṃ kho bhante tassa āyasmato abhisamparāyo ahosi.
看见色之后,正念忘失了,还去作意那个可爱的相。
带着贪染的心去感受,还紧紧抓住它不放。
Rūpaṃ disvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto; Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.
《放逸住者经》
Pamādavihārīsutta
问:贤友,就在那里,第四《放逸住者经》是世尊在哪里、针对谁而说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso catutthaṃ pamādavihārīsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在舍卫城,世尊针对众多比丘这样说:“比丘们,我要为你们讲说放逸而住的人和不放逸而住的人,你们听好。比丘们,怎样才是放逸而住的人呢?比丘们,当比丘不守护眼根而住时,他的心就会被眼所识知的色所染污。心被染污之后,就不会有喜悦;没有喜悦,就没有喜;没有喜,就没有轻安;没有轻安,就有苦;有苦的人,心就无法得定;心不得定时,诸法就不会显现;因为诸法不显现,就被称为放逸而住的人。”世尊就是以这样等等的说法来开示的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘pamādavihāriñca vo bhikkhave desessāmi appamādavihāriñca, taṃ suṇātha. Kathañca bhikkhave pamādavihārī hoti. Cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutassa bhikkhave viharato cittaṃ byāsiñcati cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu, tassa byāsittacittassa pāmojjaṃ na hoti, pāmojje asati pīti na hoti, pītiyā passaddhi na hoti, passaddhiyā asati dukkhaṃ hoti, dukkhino cittaṃ na samādhiyati, asamāhi te citte dhammā na pātubhavanti, dhammānaṃ apātubhāvā pamādavihārītveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.