第一木块譬喻经
Paṭhamadārukkhandhopamasutta
问:贤友,在《毒蛇品》中,由古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的《第一木段譬喻经》是第四经,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、以什么方式宣说它的?
Pucchā – āsīvisavagge āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi catutthaṃ saṃgītaṃ paṭhamadārukkhandhopamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:在憍赏弥,世尊在恒河岸边,以众多比丘为对象,说了这样的话:“诸比丘,你们看见我们那根在恒河中漂流的大木块吗?”——就是以这类话所说的。
Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante gaṅgāya nadiyā tīre sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘passatha no tumhe bhikkhave amhaṃ mahantaṃ dārukkhandhaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā sotena vuyhamāna’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitā.
问:贤友,在那里,世尊是怎样把“此岸”等近行用语的含义详细分别解说、开显出来的呢?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā orimatīrādīnaṃ upacāravacanānaṃ attho vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsito.
回答:“此岸”,比丘,这是对六内处的称呼。“彼岸”,比丘,这是对六外处的称呼。“沉没在中间”,比丘,这是对喜贪的称呼。“搁浅在干地上”,比丘,这是对我慢的称呼。尊者,世尊就这样把“此岸”等比喻性说法的含义,在那里详细地分别开示出来。
Vissajjanā – orimaṃ tīranti kho bhikkhu channetaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Pārimaṃ tīranti kho bhikkhu channetaṃ bāhirānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Majjhe saṃsīdoti kho bhikkhu nandirāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Thale ussādoti kho bhikkhu asmimānassetaṃ adhivacananti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha orimatīrādīnaṃ upacāravacanānaṃ attho vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsito.
问:贤友,在这部由世尊所说的经里,特别是对谁来说,得到了什么样的利益,又是怎么得到的呢?
Pucchā – imasmiṃ kho pana āvuso sutte bhagavatā bhāsite visesato kassa kīdiso attho kathañca paṭiladdho.
回答——尊者,在这部经里,世尊所讲的内容,特别是牧牛者难陀的出家、受达上,直到证得阿拉汉果,其特别的利益已达成。
Vissajjanā – imasmiṃ bhante sutte bhagavatā bhāsite visesato nandassa gopālakassa pabbajjā ca upasampadā ca yāva arahattāca visesato attho adhigato.
尊者,希望我能在世尊面前出家,得到达上。
Labheyyāhaṃ bhante bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampadaṃ.
那好吧,难陀,你把牛还给它们的主人。
Tena hi tvaṃ nanda sāmikānaṃ gāvo niyyātehi.
尊者,那些惦记着小牛的母牛会自己走回去的。
Gamissanti bhante gāvo vacchagiddhiniyo.
《紧叔迦树譬喻经》
Kiṃsukopamasutta
问:贤友,就在那里,古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第八部《紧叔迦树譬喻经》,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、以什么为因由、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi aṭṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ kiṃsukopamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这部经是世尊在释迦族的迦毗罗卫城尼拘律园,因为一位作务比丘而说的。尊者,有一位作务比丘,向四位漏尽比丘问了智见清净的问题,对他们的解答不满意,就去了世尊那里。到了之后,对世尊这样说:“尊者,比丘的见要到什么程度才算非常清净呢?”就在这件事上,世尊以这样的方式宣说:“比丘,譬如一个人从来没见过吉树,他就走到某个见过吉树的人那里”等等。尊者,世尊就是这样宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme aññataraṃ kārakaṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante kārako bhikkhu cattāro khāṇāsave bhikkhū ñāṇadassanavisuddhaṃ pucchitvā asantuṭṭho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pañhāveyyākaraṇena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kittāvatā nu kho bhante bhikkhuno dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hotī’’ti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘seyyathāpi bhikkhu purisassa kiṃsuko adiṭṭhapubbo assa, so yenaññataro puriso kiṃsukassa dassāvī tenupasaṅkameyyā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
《六生物譬喻经》
Chappāṇakopamasutta
问:贤友,就在那里,由古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第十部经——《六生物譬喻经》,是世尊在何处、以谁为对象、怎样宣说的呢?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ chappāṇakopamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,就是针对释迦族中众多比丘,世尊说了“诸比丘,譬如一个身上长满疮、疮已成熟的人走进箭丛”等这样的话。
Vissajjanā – sakkesuyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘seyyathāpi, bhikkhave puriso arugatto pakkagatto saravanaṃ paviseyyā’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,世尊在那里是怎样详细分别宣说不律仪的?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā asaṃvaro vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
回答:比丘们,怎样算是不守护呢?在这里,一位比丘用眼睛看到色之后,对可爱的色起贪着,对不可爱的色起瞋恨,而且身念没有现前,心量狭小。他也不能如实了知心解脱和慧解脱,也就是那些已生起的恶不善法在那里彻底灭尽无余。尊者,世尊就是这样在那里详细分别宣说了不守护。
Vissajjanā – kathañca bhikkhave asaṃvaro hoti, idha bhikkhave bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe adhimuccati, appiyarūpe rūpe byāpajjati, anupaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati parittacetaso. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhantīti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha asaṃvaro vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.
问:贤友,世尊在那里是怎样把律仪详细分别宣说的呢?
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā saṃvaro vibhajitvā vitthārena desito.
回答:比丘们,怎样才算守护呢?比丘们,在这里,比丘用眼睛看到色之后,对可爱的色不执著,对不可爱的色不瞋恨——尊者,世尊就是像这样,在那里把守护分别开来,详细地开示了。
Vissajjanā – kathañca bhikkhave saṃvaro hoti, idha bhikkhave bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe nādhimuccati, appiyarūpe rūpe na byāpajjatīti, evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha saṃvaro vibhajitvā vitthārena desito.