8. 所食品巴利 8. Khajjanīyavaggo
1. 蕴相应 · 104 段
73 舍卫城缘起。“诸比丘,无闻凡夫,不如实了知色的乐味、过患与出离;对于受……想……行……识的乐味、过患与出离,亦不如实了知。而诸比丘,多闻圣弟子,则如实了知色的乐味、过患与出离;对于受……想……行……识的乐味、过患与出离,亦如实了知。”第一。巴利 注疏 2
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Assutavā, bhikkhave, puthujjano rūpassa assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhārānaṃ… viññāṇassa assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Sutavā ca kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako rūpassa assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Vedanā … saññāya… saṅkhārānaṃ… viññāṇassa assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
74 舍卫城因缘。
“诸比丘,未闻法的凡夫,对色的集起、灭没、乐味、过患与出离,不如实了知;对受……想……行……识的集起、灭没、乐味、过患与出离,也不如实了知。
然而,诸比丘,已闻法的圣弟子,对色的集起、灭没、乐味、过患与出离,如实了知;对受……想……行……识的集起、灭没、乐味、过患与出离,如实了知。”
第二。巴利 注疏 2
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Assutavā, bhikkhave, puthujjano rūpassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhārānaṃ… viññāṇassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Sutavā ca kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako rūpassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhārānaṃ… viññāṇassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
3. 第二集经巴利
3. Dutiyasamudayasuttaṃ
75 舍卫城因缘。
“诸比丘,已闻法的圣弟子,对色的集起、灭没、乐味、过患与出离,如实了知;对受……想……行……识的集起、灭没、乐味、过患与出离,也如实了知。”
第三。巴利 注疏 2
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Sutavā, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako rūpassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhārānaṃ… viññāṇassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
4. 阿拉汉经巴利
4. Arahantasuttaṃ
76 舍卫城因缘。
“诸比丘!色无常。凡无常者即是苦,凡苦者即是无我,凡无我者,应以正慧如实照见:‘这不是我的,我不是这个,这不是我的我’。受……想……诸行……识亦无常。凡无常者即是苦,凡苦者即是无我,凡无我者,应以正慧如实照见:‘这不是我的,我不是这个,这不是我的我’。”巴利 注疏 2
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Rūpaṃ, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ; yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā; yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama , nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ; yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā; yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ’’.
“诸比丘,如此见者,多闻圣弟子于色亦生厌离,于受亦生厌离,于想亦生厌离,于行亦生厌离,于识亦生厌离。因厌离而离染,由离染而解脱。于解脱时,便生起‘已解脱’的智慧。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不受后有。’诸比丘,于一切有情居,乃至有顶,这些阿拉汉是世间最上、最胜者。”巴利
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako rūpasmimpi nibbindati, vedanāyapi… saññāyapi… saṅkhāresupi… viññāṇasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Yāvatā, bhikkhave, sattāvāsā, yāvatā bhavaggaṃ, ete aggā, ete seṭṭhā lokasmiṃ yadidaṃ arahanto’’ti.
世尊这样说。善逝如此说已,导师又接着开示:巴利
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
“ 阿拉汉们确实是快乐的,他们之中已无渴爱;
‘ 我是’之慢已彻底断除,愚痴之网也已被破除。
“ 他们证得了不动之境,其心明澈无浊;
他们于世间不染着,已成梵,无漏。
“ 遍知五蕴,游于七善法之境;
这些可赞叹的善人,是佛陀的亲生子。
“ 他们具足七宝,于三学中修学圆满;
这些大雄游行四方,已断除一切恐惧与怖畏。
“ 具足十支,他们大龙象善入于定;
他们是世间最上者,渴爱于他们中已不复存在。
“ 无学智已生,此是最后之身。
这是梵行的精髓,于其中不依他缘。
“ 于种种生存状态中不动摇,已从再生中解脱;
他们抵达调伏的境地,是世间之胜利者。
“ 上方、下方与四周,他们全无喜爱。
他们发出狮子吼,是世间无上的诸佛。第四经。巴利
‘‘Sukhino vata arahanto, taṇhā tesaṃ na vijjati; Asmimāno samucchinno, mohajālaṃ padālitaṃ. ‘‘Anejaṃ te anuppattā, cittaṃ tesaṃ anāvilaṃ; Loke anupalittā te, brahmabhūtā anāsavā. ‘‘Pañcakkhandhe pariññāya, satta saddhammagocarā; Pasaṃsiyā sappurisā, puttā buddhassa orasā. ‘‘Sattaratanasampannā, tīsu sikkhāsu sikkhitā; Anuvicaranti mahāvīrā, pahīnabhayabheravā. ‘‘Dasahaṅgehi sampannā, mahānāgā samāhitā; Ete kho seṭṭhā lokasmiṃ, taṇhā tesaṃ na vijjati. ‘‘Asekhañāṇamuppannaṃ, antimoyaṃ samussayo; Yo sāro brahmacariyassa, tasmiṃ aparapaccayā. ‘‘Vidhāsu na vikampanti, vippamuttā punabbhavā; Dantabhūmimanuppattā, te loke vijitāvino. ‘‘Uddhaṃ tiriyaṃ apācīnaṃ, nandī tesaṃ na vijjati; Nadanti te sīhanādaṃ, buddhā loke anuttarā’’ti. catutthaṃ;
5. 第二阿拉汉经巴利
5. Dutiyaarahantasuttaṃ
77 舍卫城因缘。“诸比丘,色是无常的。凡无常者即是苦,凡苦者即是无我,凡无我者,应以如实正慧这样观察:‘这不是我的,我不是此,这不是我的自我。’”巴利 注疏 2
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Rūpaṃ, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ; yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā; yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti…pe… evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ’’.
“诸比丘,如此观见时,多闻圣弟子于色亦厌离,于受、想、行、识亦厌离。厌离则离染,由离染而解脱。解脱时,生起‘这是解脱’的了知。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不受后有。’诸比丘,在所有的有情居处,乃至有顶,这些阿拉汉是世间的最上者、最胜者。”第五经。巴利
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako rūpasmimpi nibbindati, vedanāyapi… saññāyapi… saṅkhāresupi… viññāṇasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Yāvatā, bhikkhave, sattāvāsā, yāvatā bhavaggaṃ, ete aggā, ete seṭṭhā lokasmiṃ yadidaṃ arahanto’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
78 诸比丘,兽王狮子于傍晚时分从洞穴出。出洞后舒展身体,舒展后环视四周,环视四周后三度发出狮子吼,三度发狮子吼后便外出觅食。诸比丘,地上的种种众生,凡听到兽王狮子吼声者,大多都会生起恐惧、惊怖与畏惧:住在洞穴者钻入洞穴,住在水中者潜入水底,住在林中者逃进树林,飞鸟则腾入虚空。诸比丘,即便是那些被国王以坚固皮绳系缚在村落、城镇与王都的大象,也能挣断、冲破那些系缚,吓得屎尿齐流,慌不择路地四散奔逃。诸比丘,兽王狮子对地上的众生就有如此大的威力、如此大的影响力、如此大的神通力。巴利 注疏 2
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Sīho, bhikkhave, migarājā sāyanhasamayaṃ āsayā nikkhamati; āsayā nikkhamitvā vijambhati; vijambhitvā samantā catuddisā anuviloketi; samantā catuddisā anuviloketvā tikkhattuṃ sīhanādaṃ nadati; tikkhattuṃ sīhanādaṃ naditvā gocarāya pakkamati. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā sīhassa migarañño nadato saddaṃ suṇanti; yebhuyyena bhayaṃ saṃvegaṃ santāsaṃ āpajjanti; bilaṃ bilāsayā pavisanti; dakaṃ dakāsayā pavisanti; vanaṃ vanāsayā pavisanti; ākāsaṃ pakkhino bhajanti. Yepi te, bhikkhave, rañño nāgā gāmanigamarājadhānīsu, daḷhehi varattehi baddhā, tepi tāni bandhanāni sañchinditvā sampadāletvā bhītā muttakarīsaṃ cajamānā , yena vā tena vā palāyanti. Evaṃ mahiddhiko kho, bhikkhave, sīho migarājā tiracchānagatānaṃ pāṇānaṃ, evaṃ mahesakkho, evaṃ mahānubhāvo’’.
“同样地,诸比丘,当如来出现于世间,乃是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上士调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。他宣说正法:‘这是色,这是色的集起,这是色的灭去;这是受……这是想……这是行……这是识,这是识的集起,这是识的灭去。’诸比丘,即便是那些寿命极长、容貌庄严、多享喜乐、长久安住于崇高天宫的天神,听闻如来说法后,大多也会生起恐惧、惊怖与畏惧:‘看来,诸位贤者,我们一直以为是常的,实是无常;一直以为是恒久的,实是不恒久;一直以为是永恒的,实是不永恒。原来我们也是无常、不恒久、不永恒的,仍然系着于有身。’诸比丘,如来对含括天界的世间就有如此大的威力、如此大的影响力、如此大的神通力。世尊如此说毕,大师又说了以下偈颂:”巴利
‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yadā tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā. So dhammaṃ deseti – ‘iti rūpaṃ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; iti vedanā… iti saññā… iti saṅkhārā… iti viññāṇaṃ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti. Yepi te, bhikkhave, devā dīghāyukā vaṇṇavanto sukhabahulā uccesu vimānesu ciraṭṭhitikā tepi tathāgatassa dhammadesanaṃ sutvā yebhuyyena bhayaṃ saṃvegaṃ santāsaṃ āpajjanti – ‘aniccāva kira, bho, mayaṃ samānā niccamhāti amaññimha. Addhuvāva kira, bho, mayaṃ samānā dhuvamhāti amaññimha. Asassatāva kira, bho, mayaṃ samānā sassatamhāti amaññimha. Mayampi kira, bho, aniccā addhuvā asassatā sakkāyapariyāpannā’ti. Evaṃ mahiddhiko kho, bhikkhave, tathāgato sadevakassa lokassa, evaṃ mahesakkho, evaṃ mahānubhāvo’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā…pe… etadavoca satthā –
“ 当佛陀以证智转动法轮,
于含天界的世间,他是无与伦比的导师。
“ 有身、有身之灭,及有身之集起;”
“ 以及导向苦之止息的八支圣道;”
“ 即使是那些长寿、容貌庄严、享有盛名的天人,
其他野兽恐惧惊惶,如同面对狮子。
“ 我们还未超越有身,原来我们竟是无常的,尊者!”
听闻阿拉汉的话语,那已得解脱的如是者。第六。巴利
‘‘Yadā buddho abhiññāya, dhammacakkaṃ pavattayi; Sadevakassa lokassa, satthā appaṭipuggalo. ‘‘Sakkāyañca nirodhañca, sakkāyassa ca sambhavaṃ; Ariyañcaṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ. ‘‘Yepi dīghāyukā devā, vaṇṇavanto yasassino; Bhītā santāsamāpāduṃ, sīhassevitare migā. Avītivattā sakkāyaṃ, aniccā kira bho mayaṃ; Sutvā arahato vākyaṃ, vippamuttassa tādino’’ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;
7. 可啮食经巴利
7. Khajjanīyasuttaṃ
79 舍卫城。
“诸比丘,凡是那些沙门或婆罗门,在随念种种过去生时,他们所随念的全都是五取蕴,或者其中某一蕴。哪五种呢?‘过去世我有着这样的色’——诸比丘,这样随念时,他所随念的只是色。‘过去世我有着这样的受’……‘过去世我有着这样的想’……‘过去世我有着这样的行’……‘过去世我有着这样的识’——诸比丘,这样随念时,他所随念的只是识。”巴利 注疏 2
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussaramānā anussaranti sabbete pañcupādānakkhandhe anussaranti etesaṃ vā aññataraṃ. Katame pañca? ‘Evaṃrūpo ahosiṃ atītamaddhāna’nti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, anussaramāno rūpaṃyeva anussarati. ‘Evaṃvedano ahosiṃ atītamaddhāna’nti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, anussaramāno vedanaṃyeva anussarati. ‘Evaṃsañño ahosiṃ atītamaddhāna’nti… ‘evaṃsaṅkhāro ahosiṃ atītamaddhāna’nti… ‘evaṃviññāṇo ahosiṃ atītamaddhāna’nti – iti vā hi, bhikkhave, anussaramāno viññāṇameva anussarati’’.
“诸比丘,为何施设‘色’这一名称?因为被恼坏,诸比丘,所以称为‘色’。被何所恼坏?被寒冷恼坏,被炎热恼坏,被饥饿恼坏,被口渴恼坏,也被蚊虻、风、日晒、爬虫类的触触所恼坏。因为被恼坏,诸比丘,所以称为‘色’。巴利
‘‘Kiñca, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ vadetha? Ruppatīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘rūpa’nti vuccati. Kena ruppati? Sītenapi ruppati, uṇhenapi ruppati, jighacchāyapi ruppati, pipāsāyapi ruppati, ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassenapi ruppati. Ruppatīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘rūpa’nti vuccati.
“诸比丘,为何施设‘受’这一名称?因为感受,诸比丘,所以称为‘受’。感受什么?感受乐,感受苦,感受不苦不乐。因为感受,诸比丘,所以称为‘受’。”巴利
‘‘Kiñca, bhikkhave, vedanaṃ vadetha? Vedayatīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘vedanā’ti vuccati. Kiñca vedayati? Sukhampi vedayati, dukkhampi vedayati, adukkhamasukhampi vedayati. Vedayatīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘vedanā’ti vuccati.
“诸比丘,为何施设‘想’这一名称?因为认知,诸比丘,所以称为‘想’。认知什么?认知青,认知黄,认知红,认知白。因为认知,诸比丘,所以称为‘想’。”巴利
‘‘Kiñca, bhikkhave, saññaṃ vadetha? Sañjānātīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘saññā’ti vuccati. Kiñca sañjānāti? Nīlampi sañjānāti, pītakampi sañjānāti, lohitakampi sañjānāti, odātampi sañjānāti. Sañjānātīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘saññā’ti vuccati.
“诸比丘,为何说之为‘行’?‘它们造作有为的事物’,诸比丘,因此称为‘行’。它们造作什么有为的事物呢?它们将色造作为色,将受造作为受,将想造作为想,将行造作为行,将识造作为识。‘它们造作有为的事物’,诸比丘,因此称为‘行’。”巴利
‘‘Kiñca , bhikkhave, saṅkhāre vadetha? Saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharontīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘saṅkhārā’ti vuccati. Kiñca saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti? Rūpaṃ rūpattāya saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti, vedanaṃ vedanattāya saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti, saññaṃ saññattāya saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti, saṅkhāre saṅkhārattāya saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti, viññāṇaṃ viññāṇattāya saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharonti. Saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharontīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘saṅkhārā’ti vuccati.
“诸比丘,为何说之为‘识’?‘它识知’,诸比丘,因此称为‘识’。它识知什么呢?它识知酸、苦、辣、甜、碱、非碱、咸、非咸。‘它识知’,诸比丘,因此称为‘识’。巴利
‘‘Kiñca, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṃ vadetha? Vijānātīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘viññāṇa’nti vuccati. Kiñca vijānāti? Ambilampi vijānāti, tittakampi vijānāti, kaṭukampi vijānāti, madhurampi vijānāti, khārikampi vijānāti, akhārikampi vijānāti, loṇikampi vijānāti, aloṇikampi vijānāti. Vijānātīti kho, bhikkhave, tasmā ‘viññāṇa’nti vuccati.
“诸比丘,于此,多闻的圣弟子这样反思:‘我现在正被色吞噬。在过去长时,我也正是这样被色吞噬,如同现在被眼前的色吞噬一样。如果我还去喜爱未来之色,那么在未来长时,我也会正是这样被色吞噬,如同现在一样。’他这样反思后,便不再恋着过去之色,不希求未来之色,为对现在之色厌离、离欲、灭尽而修行。”巴利
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ahaṃ kho etarahi rūpena khajjāmi. Atītampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva rūpena khajjiṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannena rūpena khajjāmi. Ahañceva kho pana anāgataṃ rūpaṃ abhinandeyyaṃ, anāgatampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva rūpena khajjeyyaṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannena rūpena khajjāmī’ti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya atītasmiṃ rūpasmiṃ anapekkho hoti ; anāgataṃ rūpaṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannassa rūpassa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
“‘我现在正被受所啮食。过去时,我也曾被受所啮食,正如现在被现在的受所啮食。如果我欢喜未来的受,那么未来时我也将被受所啮食,正如现在被现在的受所啮食。’他如此省察后,对过去的受不系念,不欢喜未来的受,于现在的受则修习厌离、离贪、灭尽。”巴利
‘‘‘Ahaṃ kho etarahi vedanāya khajjāmi. Atītampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva vedanāya khajjiṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannāya vedanāya khajjāmi. Ahañceva kho pana anāgataṃ vedanaṃ abhinandeyyaṃ; anāgatampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva vedanāya khajjeyyaṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannāya vedanāya khajjāmī’ti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya atītāya vedanāya anapekkho hoti; anāgataṃ vedanaṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannāya vedanāya nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
“‘我现在被想所啮食……我现在被诸行所啮食。过去时,我也曾被诸行所啮食,正如现在被现在的诸行所啮食。如果我欢喜未来的诸行,那么未来时我也将被诸行所啮食,正如现在被现在的诸行所啮食。’他如此省察后,对过去的诸行不系念,不欢喜未来的诸行,于现在的诸行则修习厌离、离贪、灭尽。”巴利
‘‘‘Ahaṃ kho etarahi saññāya khajjāmi…pe… ahaṃ kho etarahi saṅkhārehi khajjāmi. Atītampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva saṅkhārehi khajjiṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannehi saṅkhārehi khajjāmīti. Ahañceva kho pana anāgate saṅkhāre abhinandeyyaṃ ; anāgatampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva saṅkhārehi khajjeyyaṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannehi saṅkhārehi khajjāmī’ti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya atītesu saṅkhāresu anapekkho hoti; anāgate saṅkhāre nābhinandati; paccuppannānaṃ saṅkhārānaṃ nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
“‘我现在被识所啮食。过去时,我也曾被识所啮食,正如现在被现在的识所啮食。如果我欢喜未来的识,那么未来时我也将被识所啮食,正如现在被现在的识所啮食。’他如此省察后,对过去的识不系念,不欢喜未来的识,于现在的识则修习厌离、离贪、灭尽。”巴利
‘‘‘Ahaṃ kho etarahi viññāṇena khajjāmi. Atītampi addhānaṃ evameva viññāṇena khajjiṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannena viññāṇena khajjāmi. Ahañceva kho pana anāgataṃ viññāṇaṃ abhinandeyyaṃ; anāgatampāhaṃ addhānaṃ evameva viññāṇena khajjeyyaṃ, seyyathāpi etarahi paccuppannena viññāṇena khajjāmī’ti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya atītasmiṃ viññāṇasmiṃ anapekkho hoti; anāgataṃ viññāṇaṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannassa viññāṇassa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti.
“诸比丘,你们认为如何?色是常还是无常?”“无常,尊者。”“凡无常者,是苦还是乐?”“苦,尊者。”“凡是无常、苦、变易之法,是否适宜这样看待:‘这是我的,这是我,这是我的我’?”“不适宜,尊者。”“受……想……行……识是常还是无常?”“无常,尊者。”“凡无常者,是苦还是乐?”“苦,尊者。”“凡是无常、苦、变易之法,是否适宜这样看待:‘这是我的,这是我,这是我的我’?”“不适宜,尊者。”“诸比丘,是故,凡所有色——过去、未来、现在,或内或外,或粗或细,或劣或胜,或远或近——一切色,当以正慧如实观见:‘这不是我的,这不是我,这不是我的我。’凡所有受……凡所有想……凡所有行……凡所有识,无论过去、未来、现在,或内或外……或远或近,一切识,当以正慧如实观见:‘这不是我的,这不是我,这不是我的我。’”巴利
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Vedanā … saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ, dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, sabbaṃ rūpaṃ – ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yā kāci vedanā… yā kāci saññā… ye keci saṅkhārā… yaṃ kiñci viññāṇaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ…pe… yaṃ dūre santike vā, sabbaṃ viññāṇaṃ – ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ’’.
“诸比丘,这称为圣弟子:他削减而不积集,他舍断而不执取,他散除而不堆积,他吹散而不聚集。他削减什么而不积集?他削减色而不积集;削减受……想……行……识而不积集。他舍断什么而不执取?他舍断色而不执取;舍断受……想……行……识而不执取。他散除什么而不堆积?他散除色而不堆积;散除受……想……行……识而不堆积。他吹散什么而不聚集?他吹散色而不聚集;吹散受……想……行……识而不聚集。”巴利
‘‘Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako apacināti, no ācināti; pajahati , na upādiyati; visineti , na ussineti; vidhūpeti , na sandhūpeti. Kiñca apacināti, no ācināti? Rūpaṃ apacināti, no ācināti; vedanaṃ … saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ apacināti, no ācināti. Kiñca pajahati, na upādiyati? Rūpaṃ pajahati, na upādiyati; vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ pajahati, na upādiyati. Kiñca visineti, na ussineti? Rūpaṃ visineti, na ussineti; vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ visineti, na ussineti. Kiñca vidhūpeti, na sandhūpeti? Rūpaṃ vidhūpeti, na sandhūpeti; vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ vidhūpeti, na sandhūpeti.
“诸比丘,如此观见的多闻圣弟子,于色厌离,于受、想、行、识亦厌离。由厌离而离染,由离染而得解脱。于解脱时,生起‘已解脱’之智。他如是了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不受后有。’”巴利
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako rūpasmimpi nibbindati, vedanāyapi… saññāyapi… saṅkhāresupi… viññāṇasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti.
“诸比丘,这便称得上是比丘:既不摄取也不弃除,处于弃除之后;既不舍断也不执取,处于舍断之后;既不松懈也不缠紧,处于松懈之后;既不消散也不囤积,处于消散之后。处于消散之后,什么是不摄取也不弃除?处于弃除之后,于色既不摄取也不弃除;处于弃除之后,于受……想……行……识既不摄取也不弃除。处于弃除之后,什么是既不舍断也不执取?处于舍断之后,于色既不舍断也不执取;处于舍断之后,于受……想……行……识既不舍断也不执取。处于舍断之后,什么是不松懈也不缠紧?处于松懈之后,于色既不松懈也不缠紧;处于松懈之后,于受……想……行……识既不松懈也不缠紧。处于松懈之后,什么是不消散也不囤积?处于消散之后,于色既不消散也不囤积;处于消散之后,于受……想……行……识既不消散也不囤积。处于消散之后,诸比丘,如此心解脱的比丘,即便是那些与因陀罗为伴的天神、与梵天为伴的、与生主为伴的,也会从远处合掌礼敬——巴利
‘‘Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu nevācināti na apacināti, apacinitvā ṭhito neva pajahati na upādiyati, pajahitvā ṭhito neva visineti na ussineti, visinetvā ṭhito neva vidhūpeti na sandhūpeti. Vidhūpetvā ṭhito kiñca nevācināti na apacināti? Apacinitvā ṭhito rūpaṃ nevācināti na apacināti; apacinitvā ṭhito vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ nevācināti na apacināti. Apacinitvā ṭhito kiñca neva pajahati na upādiyati? Pajahitvā ṭhito rūpaṃ neva pajahati na upādiyati; pajahitvā ṭhito vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ neva pajahati na upādiyati. Pajahitvā ṭhito kiñca neva visineti na ussineti? Visinetvā ṭhito rūpaṃ neva visineti na ussineti; visinetvā ṭhito vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ neva visineti na ussineti. Visinetvā ṭhito kiñca neva vidhūpeti na sandhūpeti? Vidhūpetvā ṭhito rūpaṃ neva vidhūpeti na sandhūpeti; vidhūpetvā ṭhito vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ neva vidhūpeti na sandhūpeti. Vidhūpetvā ṭhito evaṃvimuttacittaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ saindā devā sabrahmakā sapajāpatikā ārakāva namassanti –
“ 礼敬您,人中良骏!礼敬您,人中无上者!
我们并不知晓,您依何而禅修。” 第七经。巴利
‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama; Yassa te nābhijānāma, yampi nissāya jhāyasī’’ti. sattamaṃ;
8. 乞食经巴利
8. Piṇḍolyasuttaṃ
80 一时,世尊住在释迦国的迦毗罗卫城榕树园中。那时,世尊因某事发遣了比丘僧团后,于午前时分着衣持钵,进入迦毗罗卫城乞食。在迦毗罗卫城行乞食后,食毕从施食处返回,前往大林作日中住。进入大林后,便在一棵贝卢瓦喇提咖树下安坐,作日中住。巴利 注疏 2
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Atha kho bhagavā kismiñcideva pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇāmetvā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya kapilavatthuṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Kapilavatthusmiṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena mahāvanaṃ tenupasaṅkami divāvihārāya . Mahāvanaṃ ajjhogāhetvā beluvalaṭṭhikāya mūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi.
那时,世尊独处静修之际,心中生起如是寻思:“我已遣散了比丘僧团。此中有比丘是新出家的,出家未久,新近进入此法与律。他们若不睹我,恐生变异、退堕。犹如幼小的犊牛不见其母,便会生变异、退堕;同样地,此中有新出家未久、新近进入法与律的比丘,若不睹我,亦可能生变异、退堕。又犹如幼嫩的种子不得水,便会生变异、退堕;同样地,这些比丘若不睹我,亦可能生变异、退堕。我何不如今,一如往昔护持比丘僧团那样,亦来护持比丘僧团呢?”巴利
Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘mayā kho bhikkhusaṅgho pabāḷho. Santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ. Tesaṃ mamaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi nāma vacchassa taruṇassa mātaraṃ apassantassa siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo, evameva santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ tesaṃ mamaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi nāma bījānaṃ taruṇānaṃ udakaṃ alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo, evameva santettha…pe… tesaṃ mamaṃ alabhantānaṃ dassanāya siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yatheva mayā pubbe bhikkhusaṅgho anuggahito, evameva etarahi anuggaṇheyyaṃ bhikkhusaṅgha’’nti.
那时,娑婆主梵天神以心察知世尊心中的思惟——犹如力士将弯曲的手臂伸展开,或将伸展的手臂弯屈起——就从梵天界隐没,出现在世尊面前。那时,娑婆主梵天神将上衣偏袒一肩,朝向世尊合掌,对世尊这样说:“正是这样,世尊!正是这样,善逝!尊者!世尊已遣散比丘僧团。这里有些比丘是新出家者,出家未久,才来到此法律中。他们不得见世尊,可能会有变异,可能会改变。犹如幼弱的犊牛不得见母牛,可能会有变异,可能会改变;同样地,这里有些新出家、出家未久、才来到此法律的比丘,他们不得见世尊,可能会有变异,可能会改变。犹如幼嫩的种子不得水,可能会有变异,可能会改变;同样地,这里有些新出家、出家未久、才来到此法律的比丘,他们不得见世尊,可能会有变异,可能会改变。尊者!愿世尊悦纳比丘僧团!尊者!愿世尊迎请比丘僧团!愿世尊如同往昔护持比丘僧团那般,如今也如此护持比丘僧团!”巴利
Atha kho brahmā sahampati bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – brahmaloke antarahito bhagavato purato pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘evametaṃ, bhagavā; evametaṃ, sugata ! Bhagavato, bhante, bhikkhusaṅgho pabāḷho. Santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ. Tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi nāma vacchassa taruṇassa mātaraṃ apassantassa siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo, evameva santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi nāma bījānaṃ taruṇānaṃ udakaṃ alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo, evameva santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ alabhantānaṃ dassanāya siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Abhinandatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ; abhivadatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Yatheva bhagavatā pubbe bhikkhusaṅgho anuggahito, evameva etarahi anuggaṇhātu bhikkhusaṅgha’’nti.
世尊默然应允。那时,娑婆主梵天神得知世尊已经答应,便顶礼世尊,右绕一匝,随即就在该处隐没。巴利
Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho brahmā sahampati bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyi.
那时,世尊于傍晚时分从静处起身,前往榕树园。到达后,在敷设好的座位上坐下。坐下后,世尊便施展神变,作如是加持,使得那些比丘或独行、或结伴,面带羞赧地前来拜见世尊。他们到了之后,顶礼世尊,退坐一旁。世尊便对坐在一旁的比丘们这样说:巴利
Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena nigrodhārāmo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi yathā te bhikkhū (ekadvīhikāya sārajjamānarūpā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkameyyuṃ. Tepi bhikkhū ) ekadvīhikāya sārajjamānarūpā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū bhagavā etadavoca –
“诸比丘,这是种种生计中最下劣的,即托钵乞食。诸比丘,这在世间是一种诅咒:‘你手持钵,游行乞食!’然而,诸比丘,善男子们为此义利而从事,依于义利;并非为国王所驱使,并非为盗贼所驱使,非因债务,非因恐惧,非为生计所迫;而是:‘我们被生、老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼所淹没,为苦所淹没,为苦所困,或许能了知这整个苦蕴的灭尽。’”巴利
‘‘Antamidaṃ, bhikkhave, jīvikānaṃ yadidaṃ piṇḍolyaṃ. Abhisāpoyaṃ, bhikkhave, lokasmiṃ piṇḍolo vicarasi pattapāṇīti. Tañca kho etaṃ, bhikkhave, kulaputtā upenti atthavasikā, atthavasaṃ paṭicca; neva rājābhinītā, na corābhinītā, na iṇaṭṭā, na bhayaṭṭā, na ājīvikāpakatā; api ca kho otiṇṇāmha jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi dukkhotiṇṇā dukkhaparetā appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethāti.
“诸比丘,这位善男子如此出家,却贪求诸欲,强烈染着,心怀瞋恚,充满恶意,失念、不正知、不得定,心识散乱,诸根放逸。诸比丘,犹如火葬场的木柴,两端燃烧,中间沾满粪便,既不能在村中作薪,也不能在林中作薪。诸比丘,我说此人也是如此:既失去在家的受用,也不圆满沙门的目标。”巴利
‘‘Evaṃ pabbajito cāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kulaputto. So ca hoti abhijjhālu kāmesu tibbasārāgo byāpannacitto paduṭṭhamanasaṅkappo muṭṭhassati asampajāno asamāhito vibbhantacitto pākatindriyo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave , chavālātaṃ ubhatopadittaṃ majjhe gūthagataṃ, neva gāme kaṭṭhatthaṃ pharati, nāraññe kaṭṭhatthaṃ pharati. Tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi gihibhogā ca parihīno, sāmaññatthañca na paripūreti.
“诸比丘,有此三种不善寻思——欲寻思、瞋恚寻思、伤害寻思。诸比丘,此三种不善寻思在何处无余灭尽?心善安住于四念处而住者,或修习无相定者。诸比丘,仅此,已足以修习无相定。诸比丘,无相定若已修习、多修习,则有大果、大利益。巴利
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, akusalavitakkā – kāmavitakko, byāpādavitakko, vihiṃsāvitakko. Ime ca bhikkhave, tayo akusalavitakkā kva aparisesā nirujjhanti? Catūsu vā satipaṭṭhānesu suppatiṭṭhitacittassa viharato animittaṃ vā samādhiṃ bhāvayato. Yāvañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, alameva animitto samādhi bhāvetuṃ. Animitto, bhikkhave, samādhi bhāvito bahulīkato mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso.
“诸比丘,有两种见解:有见与无有见。在此,诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样反省:‘世间可有什么东西,我执取它而不成为过患吗?’他如此了知:‘世间没有任何东西,我执取它而不成为过患。因为我若执取,只会执取色,只会执取受……只会执取想……只会执取行……只会执取识。以我的取为缘,便会有有;以有为缘,便有生;以生为缘,老死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼便会生起。如此,整个苦蕴就会集起。’”巴利
‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, diṭṭhiyo – bhavadiṭṭhi ca vibhavadiṭṭhi ca. Tatra kho, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘atthi nu kho taṃ kiñci lokasmiṃ yamahaṃ upādiyamāno na vajjavā assa’nti? So evaṃ pajānāti – ‘natthi nu kho taṃ kiñci lokasmiṃ yamahaṃ upādiyamāno na vajjavā assaṃ. Ahañhi rūpaññeva upādiyamāno upādiyeyyaṃ vedanaññeva… saññaññeva… saṅkhāreyeva viññāṇaññeva upādiyamāno upādiyeyyaṃ. Tassa me assa upādānapaccayā bhavo; bhavapaccayā jāti; jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhaveyyuṃ. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo assā’’’ti.
“诸比丘,你们认为如何,色是常还是无常?”“无常,尊者。”“而凡是无常的,是苦还是乐?”“苦,尊者。”“而凡是无常、苦、变易法,适合这样去观察它吗:这是我的,这是我,这是我的我?”“不适合,尊者。”“受……想……行……识……(中略)诸比丘,所以,当这样观察时……他证知:不再有后有。”第八经。巴利
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ…pe… tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ passaṃ… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
9. 巴利雷亚经巴利
9. Pālileyyasuttaṃ
81 一时,世尊住在憍赏弥的瞿师罗。那时,世尊在清晨着衣持钵,入憍赏弥城托钵。在城中托钵后,于食后从施食处返回,他亲自整理好住处,便持衣钵,未告知侍者,也未向比丘僧团辞别,独自一人、无有同伴,启程游行。巴利 注疏 2
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya kosambiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Kosambiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto sāmaṃ senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya anāmantetvā upaṭṭhāke anapaloketvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ eko adutiyo cārikaṃ pakkāmi.
那时,有一位比丘在世尊离去后不久,来到具寿阿难处,对他说:“贤友阿难,世尊亲自整理好住处,持衣钵,未告知侍者,也未向比丘僧团辞别,独自一人、无有同伴,出发游行了。”“贤友,当世尊这样自行整理住处,持衣钵,未告知侍者,未向僧团辞别,独自无伴地踏上旅途时,那时正是世尊希望独住的时候;那时任何人都不应去跟随世尊。”巴利
Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu acirapakkantassa bhagavato yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘esāvuso, ānanda, bhagavā sāmaṃ senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya anāmantetvā upaṭṭhāke anapaloketvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ eko adutiyo cārikaṃ pakkanto’’ti. ‘‘Yasmiṃ, āvuso, samaye bhagavā sāmaṃ senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya anāmantetvā upaṭṭhāke anapaloketvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ eko adutiyo cārikaṃ pakkamati, ekova bhagavā tasmiṃ samaye viharitukāmo hoti; na bhagavā tasmiṃ samaye kenaci anubandhitabbo hotī’’ti.
那时,世尊次第游行,抵达了巴利雷亚,住在贤善娑罗树下。那时,众多比丘来到具寿阿难处,与阿难互相问候。彼此致意,说过令人欢喜、值得忆念的话语之后,在一旁坐下。坐定后,那些比丘对具寿阿难说:“贤友阿难,我们很久没有在世尊面前听闻法语了。贤友阿难,我们渴望能在世尊面前听闻法义。”巴利
Atha kho bhagavā anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena pālileyyakaṃ tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā pālileyyake viharati bhaddasālamūle. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā ānandena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘cirassutā kho no, āvuso ānanda, bhagavato sammukhā dhammī kathā; icchāma mayaṃ, āvuso ānanda, bhagavato sammukhā dhammiṃ kathaṃ sotu’’nti.
那时,尊者阿难与那些比丘一同前往巴利雷亚的贤善娑罗树,来到世尊之处;抵达后,礼敬世尊,坐于一旁。在他们坐于一旁后,世尊以法语开示、劝导、激励,令他们心生欢喜。那时,有一位比丘心中生起这样的寻思:“如何知、如何见,才能无间地灭尽诸漏?”当时,世尊以心了知那位比丘心中的寻思后,对比丘们说:“比丘们,我已详细开示了法;已详细开示了四念处;已详细开示了四正勤;已详细开示了四神足;已详细开示了五根;已详细开示了五力;已详细开示了七觉支;已详细开示了圣八支道。比丘们,我已如此详细地开示了法。比丘们,法已被我如此详细地开示,然而仍有一位比丘心中生起这样的寻思:‘如何知、如何见,才能无间地灭尽诸漏?’”巴利
Atha kho āyasmā ānando tehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ yena pālileyyakaṃ bhaddasālamūlaṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho jānato kathaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hotī’’ti? Atha kho bhagavā tassa bhikkhuno cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘vicayaso desito, bhikkhave, mayā dhammo; vicayaso desitā cattāro satipaṭṭhānā; vicayaso desitā cattāro sammappadhānā; vicayaso desitā cattāro iddhipādā; vicayaso desitāni pañcindriyāni; vicayaso desitāni pañca balāni; vicayaso desitā sattabojjhaṅgā; vicayaso desito ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Evaṃ vicayaso desito, bhikkhave, mayā dhammo. Evaṃ vicayaso desite kho, bhikkhave, mayā dhamme atha ca panidhekaccassa bhikkhuno evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘kathaṃ nu kho jānato kathaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hotī’’’ti?
“诸比丘,如何知、如何见,能无间灭尽诸漏?在此,未受教导的凡夫,不曾见圣者,不善于圣法,未受圣法调伏;不曾见善人,不善于善人法,未受善人法调伏,他随观色是我。诸比丘,凡有随观,那就是行。此行以何为因?以何为集?从何而生?以何为源?诸比丘,当未受教导的凡夫被无明触所生的受所触时,便生起渴爱;由此而生此行。诸比丘,如是,此行是无常、有为、缘起的;此渴爱也是无常、有为、缘起的;此受也是无常、有为、缘起的;此触也是无常、有为、缘起的;此无明也是无常、有为、缘起的。诸比丘,如此知、如此见,便能无间灭尽诸漏。巴利
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, jānato kathaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti? Idha bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano ariyānaṃ adassāvī ariyadhammassa akovido ariyadhamme avinīto, sappurisānaṃ adassāvī sappurisadhammassa akovido sappurisadhamme avinīto rūpaṃ attato samanupassati. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, samanupassanā saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayitena phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Sāpi vedanā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Sopi phasso anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā . Evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
“他虽不随观色是我,却随观有色之我。诸比丘,凡有随观,那就是行。此行以何为因?以何为集?从何而生?以何为源?诸比丘,当未受教导的凡夫被无明触所生的受所触时,便生起渴爱;由此而生此行。诸比丘,如是,此行是无常、有为、缘起的;此渴爱也是无常、有为、缘起的;此受也是无常、有为、缘起的;此触也是无常、有为、缘起的;此无明也是无常、有为、缘起的。诸比丘,如此知、如此见,能无间灭尽诸漏。巴利
‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati; api ca kho rūpavantaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, samanupassanā saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayitena phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā… sāpi vedanā… sopi phasso… sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
“他不随观色为我,不随观有色之我,却随观我中有色。诸比丘!凡是这种随观,那便是行。而那行以什么为因、以什么为集、从何而生、以什么为源?诸比丘!当无闻凡夫被无明触所生的感受所触时,便生起渴爱;由此,那行生起。诸比丘!如此,那行也是无常的、有为的、缘起的。那渴爱、那受、那触、那无明也是无常的、有为的、缘起的。诸比丘!如此知、如此见,便能即刻灭尽诸漏。巴利
‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na rūpavantaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati; api ca kho attani rūpaṃ samanupassati. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave , samanupassanā saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayitena phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā… sāpi vedanā… sopi phasso… sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
“他不随观色为我,不随观有色之我,不随观我中有色,却随观色中有我。诸比丘!凡是这种随观,那便是行。而那行以什么为因、以什么为集、从何而生、以什么为源?诸比丘!当无闻凡夫被无明触所生的感受所触时,便生起渴爱;由此,那行生起。诸比丘!如此,那行也是无常的、有为的、缘起的。那渴爱、那受、那触、那无明也是无常的、有为的、缘起的。诸比丘!如此知、如此见,便能即刻灭尽诸漏。巴利
‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na rūpavantaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati, na attani rūpaṃ samanupassati; api ca kho rūpasmiṃ attānaṃ samanupassati. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, samanupassanā saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayite phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā … sāpi vedanā… sopi phasso… sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato…pe… āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
“他不随观色为我,不随观有色之我,不随观我中有色,不随观色中有我;他随观受为我,随观有受之我,随观我中有受,随观受中有我;他随观想为我,随观有想之我,随观我中有想,随观想中有我;他随观诸行为我,随观有行之我,随观我中有诸行,随观诸行中有我;他随观识为我,随观有识之我,随观我中有识,随观识中有我。诸比丘!凡是这种随观,那便是行。而那行以什么为因、以什么为集、从何而生、以什么为源?诸比丘!当无闻凡夫被无明触所生的感受所触时,便生起渴爱;由此,那行生起。诸比丘!如此,那行也是无常的、有为的、缘起的。那渴爱、那受、那触、那无明也是无常的、有为的、缘起的。诸比丘!如此知、如此见,便能即刻灭尽诸漏。巴利
‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na rūpavantaṃ attānaṃ, na attani rūpaṃ, na rūpasmiṃ attānaṃ samanupassati; api ca kho vedanaṃ attato samanupassati, api ca kho vedanāvantaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati, api ca kho attani vedanaṃ samanupassati, api ca kho vedanāya attānaṃ samanupassati; api ca kho saññaṃ… api ca kho saṅkhāre attato samanupassati, api ca kho saṅkhāravantaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati, api ca kho attani saṅkhāre samanupassati, api ca kho saṅkhāresu attānaṃ samanupassati; api ca kho viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati, api ca kho viññāṇavantaṃ attānaṃ, api ca kho attani viññāṇaṃ, api ca kho viññāṇasmiṃ attānaṃ samanupassati. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, samanupassanā saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno…pe… kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayite phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā… sāpi vedanā… sopi phasso … sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
“他并不随观色是我,不随观受是我,不随观想……不随观诸行……不随观识是我;却怀有这样的见解:‘彼即是自我,彼即是世间,死后我将成为常、坚固、永恒、不变易之法。’诸比丘,那种常见即是行。而此行又以何为因……诸比丘,如此知、如此见者,当下诸漏灭尽。”巴利
‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na vedanaṃ attato samanupassati, na saññaṃ… na saṅkhāre… na viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati; api ca kho evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti – ‘so attā so loko, so pecca bhavissāmi nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo’ti. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, sassatadiṭṭhi saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno…pe… evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
“他并不随观色是我,不随观受……不随观想……不随观诸行……不随观识是我;也不怀有这样的见解:‘彼即是自我,彼即是世间,死后我将成为常、坚固、永恒、不变易之法。’却怀有这样的见解:‘愿我不存在,愿我不有所属;我当不存在,我当不有所属。’诸比丘,那种断见即是行。而行以何为因、以何为集、从何而生、以何为源?诸比丘,当未受教导的凡夫被无明触所生之受所触时,便生起渴爱;由此渴爱而生彼行。诸比丘,如此,彼行亦是无常的……诸比丘,如此知、如此见者,当下诸漏灭尽。”巴利
‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na vedanaṃ … na saññaṃ… na saṅkhāre… na viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati; nāpi evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti – ‘so attā so loko, so pecca bhavissāmi nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo’ti. Api ca kho evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti – ‘no cassaṃ no ca me siyā nābhavissaṃ na me bhavissatī’ti. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, ucchedadiṭṭhi saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayitena phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco…pe… evampi kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti.
“他既不随观色是我,不随观受……不随观想……不随观行……不随观识是我……(中略)……不随观识中有我;也不怀有这样的见解:‘彼即是自我,彼即是世间,死后我将成为常、坚固、永恒、不变易之法’;亦不怀有这样的见解:‘愿我不存在,愿我不有所属;我当不存在,我当不有所属’;然而,他对于正法怀疑、犹豫,不得决定。诸比丘,那种对于正法的怀疑、犹豫与不得决定,即是行。而行以何为因、以何为集、从何而生、以何为源?诸比丘,当未受教导的凡夫被无明触所生之受所触时,便生起渴爱;由此渴爱而生彼行。诸比丘,如此,彼行亦是无常的、有为的、缘起的。彼渴爱亦是无常的、有为的、缘起的。彼受亦是无常的、有为的、缘起的。彼触亦是无常的、有为的、缘起的。彼无明亦是无常的、有为的、缘起的。诸比丘,如此知、如此见者,当下诸漏灭尽。”第九经。巴利
‘‘Na heva kho rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na vedanaṃ… na saññaṃ… na saṅkhāre… na viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati…pe… na viññāṇasmiṃ attato samanupassati, nāpi evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti – ‘so attā so loko, so pecca bhavissāmi nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo’ti; nāpi evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti – ‘no cassaṃ no ca me siyā nābhavissaṃ na me bhavissatī’ti; api ca kho kaṅkhī hoti vicikicchī aniṭṭhaṅgato saddhamme. Yā kho pana sā, bhikkhave, kaṅkhitā vicikicchitā aniṭṭhaṅgatatā saddhamme saṅkhāro so. So pana saṅkhāro kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Avijjāsamphassajena, bhikkhave, vedayitena phuṭṭhassa assutavato puthujjanassa uppannā taṇhā; tatojo so saṅkhāro. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sopi saṅkhāro anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi taṇhā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Sāpi vedanā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Sopi phasso anicco saṅkhato paṭiccasamuppanno. Sāpi avijjā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hotī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
10. 满月经巴利
10. Puṇṇamasuttaṃ
82 一时,世尊住在舍卫城东园鹿子母讲堂,与大比丘僧团一起。时值布萨日,正值十五月圆之夜,世尊为比丘僧众所围绕,坐于露天处。巴利 注疏 2
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto ajjhokāse nisinno hoti.
那时,一位比丘从座而起,将上衣搭于一边肩上,向着世尊合掌,对世尊说:“尊者,我想向世尊请教一点法义,若世尊垂许为我解答的话。”“既如此,比丘,你就坐回自己的座位,随意问吧。”“好的,尊者。”那位比丘回答世尊后,坐于己座,对世尊说:“尊者,这些就是五取蕴,也就是色取蕴、受取蕴、想取蕴、行取蕴、识取蕴,是吗?”巴利
Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘puccheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ kiñcideva desaṃ, sace me bhagavā okāsaṃ karoti pañhassa veyyākaraṇāyā’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, sake āsane nisīditvā puccha yadākaṅkhasī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā sake āsane nisīditvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ime nu kho, bhante, pañcupādānakkhandhā, seyyathidaṃ – rūpupādānakkhandho, vedanupādānakkhandho, saññupādānakkhandho, saṅkhārupādānakkhandho, viññāṇupādānakkhandho’’ti.
“是的,比丘,这些就是五取蕴,也就是色取蕴……(中略)……识取蕴。”“善哉,尊者!”那位比丘对世尊所说欢喜随喜后,进一步问世尊:巴利
‘‘Ime kho pana, bhikkhu, pañcupādānakkhandhā; seyyathidaṃ – rūpupādānakkhandho…pe… viññāṇupādānakkhandho’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
“尊者,那么这五取蕴以何为根源呢?”“比丘,这五取蕴以欲为根源。”……“尊者,那么此执取就是那五取蕴本身吗?还是说,执取是五取蕴之外的某物呢?”“比丘,执取既非那五取蕴本身,也非五取蕴之外另有执取。而是,凡对所依处生起欲贪之处,彼处即有执取。”“善哉,尊者!”那位比丘……又进一步问:巴利
‘‘Ime kho pana, bhante, pañcupādānakkhandhā kiṃmūlakā’’ti? ‘‘Ime kho, bhikkhu, pañcupādānakkhandhā chandamūlakā’’ti…pe… taññeva nu kho, bhante, upādānaṃ te pañcupādānakkhandhā udāhu aññatra pañcahi upādānakkhandhehi upādānanti? ‘‘Na kho, bhikkhu, taññeva upādānaṃ te pañcupādānakkhandhā nāpi aññatra pañcahi upādānakkhandhehi upādānaṃ, api ca yo tattha chandarāgo taṃ tattha upādāna’’nti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
“尊者,在五取蕴中,欲贪可有种种差别吗?”“可有差别,比丘。”世尊说:“比丘,于此,有人这样想:‘愿我于未来世成为如某甲之色,愿我于未来世成为如某甲之受,愿我于未来世成为如某甲之想,愿我于未来世成为如某甲之行,愿我于未来世成为如某甲之识。’比丘,在五取蕴中,欲贪便可有这样的种种差别。”“善哉,尊者!”那位比丘欢喜随喜后,进一步问世尊:巴利
‘‘Siyā pana, bhante, pañcupādānakkhandhesu chandarāgavemattatā’’ti? ‘‘Siyā, bhikkhū’’ti bhagavā avoca – ‘‘idha, bhikkhu, ekaccassa evaṃ hoti – ‘evaṃrūpo siyaṃ anāgatamaddhānaṃ, evaṃvedano siyaṃ anāgatamaddhānaṃ, evaṃsañño siyaṃ anāgatamaddhānaṃ, evaṃsaṅkhāro siyaṃ anāgatamaddhānaṃ , evaṃviññāṇo siyaṃ anāgatamaddhāna’nti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, siyā pañcupādānakkhandhesu chandarāgavemattatā’’ti? ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
“尊者,在何等范围内,可称之为‘蕴’呢?”“比丘,任何色,无论是过去、未来或现在的,内在或外在的,粗大或微细的,低劣或殊胜的,远处或近处的,这就叫做色蕴。任何受……任何想……任何行……任何识,无论是过去、未来或现在的,内在或外在的,粗大或微细的,低劣或殊胜的,远处或近处的,这就叫做识蕴。比丘,正是在这个范围之内,方可称之为‘蕴’。”“善哉,尊者!”那位比丘……又问:巴利
‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, khandhānaṃ khandhādhivacana’’nti? ‘‘Yaṃ kiñci, bhikkhu, rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, ayaṃ vuccati rūpakkhandho. Yā kāci vedanā… yā kāci saññā … ye keci saṅkhārā… yaṃ kiñci viññāṇaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, ayaṃ vuccati viññāṇakkhandho. Ettāvatā kho, bhikkhu, khandhānaṃ khandhādhivacana’’nti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… apucchi –
“尊者,色蕴得以安立,以何为因,以何为缘呢?受蕴……想蕴……行蕴……识蕴得以安立,以何为因,以何为缘呢?”“比丘,四大种是因,四大种是缘,令色蕴得以安立。触是因,触是缘,令受蕴得以安立。触是因,触是缘,令想蕴得以安立。触是因,触是缘,令行蕴得以安立。名色是因,名色是缘,令识蕴得以安立。”“善哉,尊者!”那位比丘……又问:巴利
‘‘Ko nu kho, bhante, hetu ko paccayo rūpakkhandhassa paññāpanāya; ko hetu ko paccayo vedanākkhandhassa paññāpanāya; ko hetu ko paccayo saññākkhandhassa paññāpanāya; ko hetu ko paccayo saṅkhārakkhandhassa paññāpanāya; ko hetu ko paccayo viññāṇakkhandhassa paññāpanāyā’’ti? ‘‘Cattāro kho, bhikkhu, mahābhūtā hetu, cattāro mahābhūtā paccayo rūpakkhandhassa paññāpanāya. Phasso hetu phasso paccayo vedanākkhandhassa paññāpanāya. Phasso hetu phasso paccayo saññākkhandhassa paññāpanāya. Phasso hetu , phasso paccayo saṅkhārakkhandhassa paññāpanāya. Nāmarūpaṃ hetu, nāmarūpaṃ paccayo viññāṇakkhandhassa paññāpanāyā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… apucchi –
“尊者,有身见如何生起呢?”“比丘,于此,未受教导的凡夫不见圣者,不通达圣法,于圣法中未受调伏;不见善士,不通达善士法,于善士法中未受调伏。他视色为我,或视我拥有色,或视色在我中,或视我在色中;视受……视想……视行……视识为我,或视我拥有识,或视识在我中,或视我在识中。比丘,有身见便是这样生起的。”“善哉,尊者!”那位比丘……又问:巴利
‘‘Kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, sakkāyadiṭṭhi hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idha, bhikkhu, assutavā puthujjano ariyānaṃ adassāvī ariyadhammassa akovido ariyadhamme avinīto, sappurisānaṃ adassāvī sappurisadhammassa akovido sappurisadhamme avinīto rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ; attani vā rūpaṃ, rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ; vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ… attato samanupassati, viññāṇavantaṃ vā attānaṃ; attani vā viññāṇaṃ, viññāṇasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, sakkāyadiṭṭhi hotī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… apucchi –
“然而,尊者,如何才能不存有身见呢?”“比丘,多闻圣弟子已见圣者,熟知圣法,于圣法善加调御;已见善士,熟知善士法,于善士法善加调御。他不视色为我,不视我拥有色,不视色在我中,不视我在色中;不视受为我……不视想为我……不视诸行为我……不视识为我,不视我拥有识,不视识在我中,不视我在识中。比丘,如此便不存有身见。”“善哉,尊者!”那位比丘……又问道——巴利
‘‘Kathaṃ pana, bhante, sakkāyadiṭṭhi na hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idha, bhikkhu, sutavā ariyasāvako ariyānaṃ dassāvī ariyadhammassa kovido ariyadhamme suvinīto, sappurisānaṃ dassāvī sappurisadhammassa kovido sappurisadhamme suvinīto na rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ; na attani vā rūpaṃ, na rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ; na vedanaṃ… na saññaṃ… na saṅkhāre… na viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati, na viññāṇavantaṃ vā attānaṃ; na attani vā viññāṇaṃ, na viññāṇasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, sakkāyadiṭṭhi na hotī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu , bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu…pe… apucchi –
“尊者,什么是色的满足,什么是它的过患,什么是它的出离?什么是受……想……行……识的满足,什么是它的过患,什么是它的出离?”“比丘,缘于色而生的喜乐——这是色的满足。色是无常、苦、变坏之法——这是它的过患。对色调伏欲贪、舍断欲贪——这是它的出离。缘于受……缘于想……缘于行……缘于识而生的喜乐——这是识的满足。识是无常、苦、变坏之法——这是它的过患。对识调伏欲贪、舍断欲贪——这是它的出离。”“善哉,尊者!”那位比丘对世尊的教授感到欢喜、随喜,再问世尊下一个问题:巴利
‘‘Ko nu kho, bhante, rūpassa assādo, ko ādīnavo, kiṃ nissaraṇaṃ; ko vedanāya… ko saññāya… ko saṅkhārānaṃ… ko viññāṇassa assādo, ko ādīnavo, kiṃ nissaraṇa’’nti? ‘‘Yaṃ kho, bhikkhu, rūpaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ – ayaṃ rūpassa assādo. Yaṃ rūpaṃ aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ – ayaṃ rūpassa ādīnavo. Yo rūpasmiṃ chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahānaṃ – idaṃ rūpassa nissaraṇaṃ. Yaṃ vedanaṃ paṭicca… yaṃ saññaṃ paṭicca… ye saṅkhāre paṭicca… yaṃ viññāṇaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ – ayaṃ viññāṇassa assādo. Yaṃ viññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ – ayaṃ viññāṇassa ādīnavo. Yo viññāṇasmiṃ chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahānaṃ – idaṃ viññāṇassa nissaraṇa’’nti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi –
“尊者,如何知、如何见,才能于此有识之身及外一切相上,没有‘我作’、‘我所作’、慢随眠呢?”“比丘,凡任何色,无论过去、未来、现在,内或外,粗或细,劣或胜,远或近,对于一切色,都以正慧如实见:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’凡任何受……凡任何想……凡任何行……凡任何识,无论过去、未来、现在,内或外,粗或细,劣或胜,远或近,对于一切识,都以正慧如实见:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’比丘,如此知、如此见,于此有识之身及外一切相上,‘我作’、‘我所作’、慢随眠便不存在。”巴利
‘‘Kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, jānato, kathaṃ passato imasmiñca saviññāṇake kāye bahiddhā ca sabbanimittesu ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā na hontī’’ti? ‘‘Yaṃ kiñci, bhikkhu, rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, sabbaṃ rūpaṃ – ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passati. Yā kāci vedanā… yā kāci saññā… ye keci saṅkhārā… yaṃ kiñci viññāṇaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, sabbaṃ viññāṇaṃ – ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, jānato evaṃ passato imasmiñca saviññāṇake kāye bahiddhā ca sabbanimittesu ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā na hontī’’ti.
那时,有一位比丘心中生起这样的思惟:“据说,尊者,色是无我,受……想……行……识是无我;那么,无我所做的业,如何能触及自我呢?”于是,世尊以心知晓那位比丘的念头后,便对诸比丘说——巴利
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘iti kira bho rūpaṃ anattā, vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ anattā; anattakatāni kammāni kathamattānaṃ phusissantī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā tassa bhikkhuno cetasā ceto parivitakkamaññāya bhikkhū āmantesi –
“诸比丘,确有可能,在此会有某个愚昧之人,无有智识,陷溺于无明,其心被渴爱所主宰,却以为能逾越导师的教导。他这样想:‘据说,尊者,色是无我,受……想……行……识是无我;无我所作的业,如何能触及自我呢?’诸比丘,你们在种种事物、种种法上,早已被我以反问的方式调御过了。巴利
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco moghapuriso avidvā avijjāgato taṇhādhipateyyena cetasā satthusāsanaṃ atidhāvitabbaṃ maññeyya. Iti kira, bho, rūpaṃ anattā, vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ anattā. Anattakatāni kammāni kathamattānaṃ phusissantīti? Paṭipucchāvinītā kho me tumhe, bhikkhave, tatra tatra tesu tesu dhammesu.
“诸比丘,你们对此怎样想?色是常的,还是无常的呢?”“无常的,世尊。”“受……想……行……识是常的,还是无常的呢?”“无常的,世尊。”“既然是无常的,那么它是苦还是乐呢?”“苦,世尊。”“那么,对于无常、苦、变易之法,适合去把它观察为‘这是我的,这是我,这是我的自我’吗?”“不适合,世尊。”“因此,……如此见者……他彻知:‘不受后有。’”巴利
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti ? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. Tasmātiha…pe… evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
“ 关于二蕴、是否正是相同,以及名称与因;
关于有身问了二种,以及味与识;
这些十项已说,正是比丘所问。” 第十。巴利
‘‘Dve khandhā taññeva siyaṃ, adhivacanañca hetunā; Sakkāyena duve vuttā, assādaviññāṇakena ca; Ete dasavidhā vuttā, hoti bhikkhu pucchāyā’’ti. dasamaṃ;
乐味、二集,及阿拉汉另二种;
狮子、食啖、团食、巴利雷亚与满月。巴利
Assādo dve samudayā, arahantehi apare dve; Sīho khajjanī piṇḍolyaṃ, pālileyyena puṇṇamāti.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15