93舍卫城因缘。“诸比丘,譬如山涧之河,奔流而下,流向远方,水流湍急。若其两岸长有咖沙草,那些草便垂覆河中;若长有库沙草,它们便垂覆河中;若长有蔓草,它们便垂覆河中;若长有毗罗那草,它们便垂覆河中;若长有树木,它们便垂覆河中。若有人被水流卷走,抓着咖沙草,草便折断,他因此遭遇灾祸不幸;抓着库沙草,抓着蔓草,抓着毗罗那草,抓着树木,那些草木便折断,他因此遭遇灾祸不幸。同样地,诸比丘,未受教导的凡夫,不见圣者,不熟知圣法,未被圣法调伏,不见善人,不熟知善人法,未被善人法调伏,认为色是我,或我拥有色,或色在我中,或我在色中。他的那个色便断坏,他因此遭遇灾祸不幸。认为受是我……想是我……行是我……认为识是我,或我拥有识,或识在我中,或我在识中。他的那个识便断坏,他因此遭遇灾祸不幸。诸比丘,你们认为如何?色是常还是无常?”“无常,尊者。”“受……想……行……识是常还是无常?”“无常,尊者。”“因此……于此……如此见者……(中略)……他了知:‘不受后有。’”第一经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, nadī pabbateyyā ohārinī dūraṅgamā sīghasotā. Tassā ubhosu tīresu kāsā cepi jātā assu, te naṃ ajjholambeyyuṃ; kusā cepi jātā assu, te naṃ ajjholambeyyuṃ; pabbajā cepi jātā assu, te naṃ ajjholambeyyuṃ; bīraṇā cepi jātā assu, te naṃ ajjholambeyyuṃ; rukkhā cepi jātā assu, te naṃ ajjholambeyyuṃ. Tassā puriso sotena vuyhamāno kāse cepi gaṇheyya, te palujjeyyuṃ. So tatonidānaṃ anayabyasanaṃ āpajjeyya. Kuse cepi gaṇheyya, pabbaje cepi gaṇheyya, bīraṇe cepi gaṇheyya, rukkhe cepi gaṇheyya, te palujjeyyuṃ . So tatonidānaṃ anayabyasanaṃ āpajjeyya. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano ariyānaṃ adassāvī ariyadhammassa akovido ariyadhamme avinīto, sappurisānaṃ adassāvī sappurisadhammassa akovido sappurisadhamme avinīto rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ; attani vā rūpaṃ, rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. Tassa taṃ rūpaṃ palujjati. So tatonidānaṃ anayabyasanaṃ āpajjati. Vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati, viññāṇavantaṃ vā attānaṃ ; attani vā viññāṇaṃ , viññāṇasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. Tassa taṃ viññāṇaṃ palujjati. So tatonidānaṃ anayabyasanaṃ āpajjati. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ bhante’’. ‘‘Vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ bhante’’. ‘‘Tasmātiha…pe… evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
94舍卫城因缘。“诸比丘,我不与世间争论,是世间与我争论。诸比丘,如法说法者,不与世间任何人争论。诸比丘,世间智者许为不存在的,我也说‘那不存在’。诸比丘,世间智者许为存在的,我也说‘那存在’。”
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, lokena vivadāmi, lokova mayā vivadati. Na, bhikkhave, dhammavādī kenaci lokasmiṃ vivadati. Yaṃ, bhikkhave, natthisammataṃ loke paṇḍitānaṃ, ahampi taṃ ‘natthī’ti vadāmi. Yaṃ, bhikkhave, atthisammataṃ loke paṇḍitānaṃ, ahampi taṃ ‘atthī’ti vadāmi’’.
“诸比丘,世间智者认为不存在,而我也说其不存在者,是什么呢?诸比丘,世间智者认为,不存在常恒、稳固、永恒、不变坏之色的;我也说,其不存在。受……想……行……常恒、稳固、永恒、不变坏之识,世间智者认为不存在;我也说,其不存在。诸比丘,这便是世间智者认为不存在,而我也说其不存在者。”
‘‘Kiñca, bhikkhave, natthisammataṃ loke paṇḍitānaṃ, yamahaṃ ‘natthī’ti vadāmi? Rūpaṃ , bhikkhave, niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ natthisammataṃ loke paṇḍitānaṃ; ahampi taṃ ‘natthī’ti vadāmi. Vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ natthisammataṃ loke paṇḍitānaṃ; ahampi taṃ ‘natthī’ti vadāmi. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, natthisammataṃ loke paṇḍitānaṃ; ahampi taṃ ‘natthī’ti vadāmi’’.
“诸比丘,世间智者认为存在,而我也说其存在者,是什么呢?诸比丘,世间智者认为,存在无常、苦、变坏之色的;我也说,其存在。无常、苦、变坏之受……想……行……无常、苦、变坏之识,世间智者认为存在;我也说,其存在。诸比丘,这便是世间智者认为存在,而我也说其存在者。”
‘‘Kiñca, bhikkhave, atthisammataṃ loke paṇḍitānaṃ, yamahaṃ ‘atthī’ti vadāmi? Rūpaṃ, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ atthisammataṃ loke paṇḍitānaṃ; ahampi taṃ ‘atthī’ti vadāmi. Vedanā aniccā…pe… viññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ atthisammataṃ loke paṇḍitānaṃ; ahampi taṃ ‘atthī’ti vadāmi. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, atthisammataṃ loke paṇḍitānaṃ; ahampi taṃ ‘atthī’ti vadāmi’’.
“诸比丘,世间有世间法,如来彻底觉悟、彻底理解它;彻底觉悟、彻底理解之后,他便开示、教导、施设、建立、阐明、分析、使之明晓。”
‘‘Atthi, bhikkhave, loke lokadhammo, taṃ tathāgato abhisambujjhati abhisameti; abhisambujjhitvā abhisametvā taṃ ācikkhati deseti paññapeti paṭṭhapeti vivarati vibhajati uttānīkaroti.
“诸比丘,什么是世间中的世间法?如来对此彻底觉悟、彻底理解。彻底觉悟、彻底理解之后,他便讲解、教导、宣说、安立、开显、解析、阐明。诸比丘,色即是世间中的世间法,如来对此彻底觉悟、彻底理解。彻底觉悟、彻底理解之后,他便讲解、教导、宣说、安立、开显、解析、阐明。
‘‘Kiñca , bhikkhave, loke lokadhammo, taṃ tathāgato abhisambujjhati abhisameti, abhisambujjhitvā abhisametvā ācikkhati deseti paññapeti paṭṭhapeti vivarati vibhajati uttānīkaroti? Rūpaṃ, bhikkhave, loke lokadhammo taṃ tathāgato abhisambujjhati abhisameti. Abhisambujjhitvā abhisametvā ācikkhati deseti paññapeti paṭṭhapeti vivarati vibhajati uttānīkaroti.
“诸比丘,当如来如此讲解、教导、说明、确立、揭示、分析、阐明之时,若有人不知、不见——诸比丘,对于那愚痴的凡夫,那盲者、无眼者,不知、不见之人,我又能如何呢!诸比丘,受是世间之世间法,如来已彻底觉悟、彻底理解……诸比丘,想……诸比丘,行……诸比丘,识是世间之世间法,如来已彻底觉悟、彻底理解。彻底觉悟、彻底理解之后,他便讲解、教导、说明、确立、揭示、分析、阐明。
‘‘Yo, bhikkhave, tathāgatena evaṃ ācikkhiyamāne desiyamāne paññapiyamāne paṭṭhapiyamāne vivariyamāne vibhajiyamāne uttānīkariyamāne na jānāti na passati tamahaṃ, bhikkhave, bālaṃ puthujjanaṃ andhaṃ acakkhukaṃ ajānantaṃ apassantaṃ kinti karomi! Vedanā, bhikkhave, loke lokadhammo…pe… saññā, bhikkhave… saṅkhārā, bhikkhave… viññāṇaṃ, bhikkhave, loke lokadhammo taṃ tathāgato abhisambujjhati abhisameti. Abhisambujjhitvā abhisametvā ācikkhati deseti paññapeti paṭṭhapeti vivarati vibhajati uttānīkaroti.
“诸比丘,如来如此讲解、教导、宣说、安立、开显、解析、阐明时,若有人不了知、不看见——诸比丘,对于这样愚痴的凡夫、盲而无目、不了知、不看见的人,我又能有何作为呢?
‘‘Yo, bhikkhave, tathāgatena evaṃ ācikkhiyamāne desiyamāne paññapiyamāne paṭṭhapiyamāne vivariyamāne vibhajiyamāne uttānīkariyamāne na jānāti na passati tamahaṃ, bhikkhave, bālaṃ puthujjanaṃ andhaṃ acakkhukaṃ ajānantaṃ apassantaṃ kinti karomi!
“诸比丘,譬如青莲花、红莲花或白莲花,生于水中、长于水中,出离水面后,不为水所染而挺立;正是如此,诸比丘,如来生于世间、长于世间,超越世间而住,不被世间所染。”第二经。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, uppalaṃ vā padumaṃ vā puṇḍarīkaṃ vā udake jātaṃ udake saṃvaḍḍhaṃ udakā accuggamma ṭhāti anupalittaṃ udakena; evameva kho, bhikkhave, tathāgato loke jāto loke saṃvaḍḍho lokaṃ abhibhuyya viharati anupalitto lokenā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
3. 泡沫团喻经
3. Pheṇapiṇḍūpamasuttaṃ
95一时,世尊住在阿踰阇的恒河岸边。在那里,世尊告诸比丘:
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā ayujjhāyaṃ viharati gaṅgāya nadiyā tīre. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi –
“诸比丘,就好像恒河顺流漂来一个大泡沫团。有眼者看见、审察,并如理观察它。当他如此见、如此审察、如此如理观察时,就会发现它只是空无、虚有其表、没有实质。诸比丘,泡沫团中能有什么实质呢?同样地,诸比丘,对于任何色,无论是过去的、未来的、现在的,或是粗的、细的、低劣的、殊胜的、远的、近的,比丘都看见、审察,并如理观察。当他如此见、如此审察、如此如理观察时,它便只显现为空无、虚有其表、没有实质。诸比丘,色中能有什么实质呢?
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ayaṃ gaṅgā nadī mahantaṃ pheṇapiṇḍaṃ āvaheyya. Tamenaṃ cakkhumā puriso passeyya nijjhāyeyya yoniso upaparikkheyya. Tassa taṃ passato nijjhāyato yoniso upaparikkhato rittakaññeva khāyeyya, tucchakaññeva khāyeyya, asārakaññeva khāyeyya. Kiñhi siyā, bhikkhave, pheṇapiṇḍe sāro? Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ…pe… yaṃ dūre santike vā taṃ bhikkhu passati nijjhāyati yoniso upaparikkhati. Tassa taṃ passato nijjhāyato yoniso upaparikkhato rittakaññeva khāyati , tucchakaññeva khāyati, asārakaññeva khāyati. Kiñhi siyā, bhikkhave, rūpe sāro?
“诸比丘,就像秋天时节,天降大雨,水面上水泡生起又即刻消失。有眼者看见、审察,并如理观察它。当他如此见、如此审察、如此如理观察时,就会发现它只是空无、虚有其表、没有实质。诸比丘,水泡中能有什么实质呢?同样地,诸比丘,对于任何受,无论是过去的、未来的、现在的,或是粗的、细的、低劣的、殊胜的、远的、近的,比丘都看见、审察,并如理观察。当他如此见、如此审察、如此如理观察时,它便只显现为空无、虚有其表、没有实质。诸比丘,受中能有什么实质呢?
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, saradasamaye thullaphusitake deve vassante udake udakapubbuḷaṃ uppajjati ceva nirujjhati ca. Tamenaṃ cakkhumā puriso passeyya nijjhāyeyya yoniso upaparikkheyya. Tassa taṃ passato nijjhāyato yoniso upaparikkhato rittakaññeva khāyeyya, tucchakaññeva khāyeyya, asārakaññeva khāyeyya. Kiñhi siyā, bhikkhave, udakapubbuḷe sāro? Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yā kāci vedanā atītānāgatapaccuppannā…pe… yā dūre santike vā taṃ bhikkhu passati nijjhāyati yoniso upaparikkhati. Tassa taṃ passato nijjhāyato yoniso upaparikkhato rittakaññeva khāyati, tucchakaññeva khāyati, asārakaññeva khāyati. Kiñhi siyā, bhikkhave, vedanāya sāro?
“诸比丘,就像夏季最后一个月,正午时分,阳焰颤动。有眼者看见、审察,并如理观察它。当他如此见、如此审察、如此如理观察时,就会发现它只是空无、虚有其表、没有实质。诸比丘,阳焰中能有什么实质呢?同样地,诸比丘,对于任何想,无论是过去的、未来的、现在的,或是粗的、细的、低劣的、殊胜的、远的、近的,比丘都看见、审察,并如理观察。当他如此见、如此审察、如此如理观察时,它便只显现为空无、虚有其表、没有实质。诸比丘,想中能有什么实质呢?
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gimhānaṃ pacchime māse ṭhite majjhanhike kāle marīcikā phandati. Tamenaṃ cakkhumā puriso passeyya nijjhāyeyya yoniso upaparikkheyya. Tassa taṃ passato nijjhāyato yoniso upaparikkhato rittakaññeva khāyeyya, tucchakaññeva khāyeyya…pe… kiñhi siyā, bhikkhave, marīcikāya sāro? Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yā kāci saññā…pe….
“诸比丘,如同有人需要实心木料,他为了寻找实心木料,手持锋利的斧头走进森林。在那里,他看见一根巨大的芭蕉树干,挺拔、新嫩、挺直无节。他从根部砍断它;砍断根部后,又砍掉顶部;砍掉顶部后,便剥开叶鞘。当剥开叶鞘时,他连软木都找不到,更何况是实心呢?有眼力的人看见它后,便会观察、审察、如理作意。当他这样观察、审察、如理作意时,便觉得它只是空,只是虚,只是没有实心。诸比丘,芭蕉树干中哪里会有实心呢?同样地,诸比丘,当比丘观察、审察、如理观察任何行——无论是过去的、未来的、现在的,或是远的、近的——当他这样观察、审察、如理观察时,便觉得那只是空,只是虚,只是没有实心。诸比丘,诸行中哪里会有实心呢?
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno tiṇhaṃ kuṭhāriṃ ādāya vanaṃ paviseyya. So tattha passeyya mahantaṃ kadalikkhandhaṃ ujuṃ navaṃ akukkukajātaṃ . Tamenaṃ mūle chindeyya; mūle chetvā agge chindeyya, agge chetvā pattavaṭṭiṃ vinibbhujeyya. So tassa pattavaṭṭiṃ vinibbhujanto pheggumpi nādhigaccheyya, kuto sāraṃ! Tamenaṃ cakkhumā puriso passeyya nijjhāyeyya yoniso upaparikkheyya. Tassa taṃ passato nijjhāyato yoniso upaparikkhato rittakaññeva khāyeyya, tucchakaññeva khāyeyya, asārakaññeva khāyeyya. Kiñhi siyā, bhikkhave, kadalikkhandhe sāro? Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye keci saṅkhārā atītānāgatapaccuppannā…pe… ye dūre santike vā taṃ bhikkhu passati nijjhāyati yoniso upaparikkhati. Tassa taṃ passato nijjhāyato yoniso upaparikkhato rittakaññeva khāyati, tucchakaññeva khāyati, asārakaññeva khāyati. Kiñhi siyā, bhikkhave, saṅkhāresu sāro?
“诸比丘,正如幻师或其弟子在四衢道口变现幻术,明眼之人见之、审察之、如理深观之。当他如此见、如此审察、如此如理深观时,便觉那仅是空无之物,仅是虚伪之物,仅是了无实质之物。诸比丘,幻术之中,能有什么实质呢?正复如是,诸比丘,比丘观察一切识——无论是过去、未来、现在,或内或外,或粗或细,或劣或胜,或远或近——见之、审察之、如理深观之。当他如此见、如此审察、如此如理深观时,便觉那仅是空无之物,仅是虚伪之物,仅是了无实质之物。诸比丘,在识之中,能有什么实质呢?
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, māyākāro vā māyākārantevāsī vā catumahāpathe māyaṃ vidaṃseyya. Tamenaṃ cakkhumā puriso passeyya nijjhāyeyya yoniso upaparikkheyya. Tassa taṃ passato nijjhāyato yoniso upaparikkhato rittakaññeva khāyeyya, tucchakaññeva khāyeyya, asārakaññeva khāyeyya. Kiñhi siyā, bhikkhave, māyāya sāro? Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yaṃ kiñci viññāṇaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ…pe… yaṃ dūre santike vā, taṃ bhikkhu passati nijjhāyati yoniso upaparikkhati. Tassa taṃ passato nijjhāyato yoniso upaparikkhato rittakaññeva khāyati, tucchakaññeva khāyati, asārakaññeva khāyati. Kiñhi siyā, bhikkhave, viññāṇe sāro?
“诸比丘,能这样见的多闻圣弟子,于色也厌离,于受也厌离,于想也厌离,于诸行也厌离,于识也厌离。因厌离而离染,因离染而解脱。当解脱时,便生起‘已解脱’之智……(中略)……他如实了知:‘不再有后有。’”
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako rūpasmimpi nibbindati, vedanāyapi… saññāyapi… saṅkhāresupi … viññāṇasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti’’.
世尊说了这番话。说完之后,善逝、导师又接着说:
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
“色如聚沫,受如水泡,
想如阳焰,行如芭蕉;
识则如幻,这是太阳亲族的教导。
“不论以何种方式观照,如理审察之时,
若人如理观察,便见它空虚无实。
“关于此身,大智慧者如是教导:
舍弃三种法已,便见此色身如弃物。
“当寿、暖与识,离开此身之时,
那时,它被弃置,卧于彼处,成为他人之食,已无心识。
“此相续如是,此是幻,此是愚者的悲叹。
此被说为是杀戮者,于此中找不到实质。
“精进努力的比丘,应当如此观察诸蕴,
无论白昼还是夜晚,皆正知、具念。
“应舍弃一切结缚,为自己作皈依。
应当如同头顶燃烧着火焰那样安住,渴求那不死的境地。第三经。
‘‘Pheṇapiṇḍūpamaṃ rūpaṃ, vedanā bubbuḷūpamā ; Marīcikūpamā saññā, saṅkhārā kadalūpamā; Māyūpamañca viññāṇaṃ, desitādiccabandhunā. ‘‘Yathā yathā nijjhāyati, yoniso upaparikkhati; Rittakaṃ tucchakaṃ hoti, yo naṃ passati yoniso. ‘‘Imañca kāyaṃ ārabbha, bhūripaññena desitaṃ; Pahānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ dhammānaṃ, rūpaṃ passatha chaḍḍitaṃ. ‘‘Āyu usmā ca viññāṇaṃ, yadā kāyaṃ jahantimaṃ; Apaviddho tadā seti, parabhattaṃ acetanaṃ. ‘‘Etādisāyaṃ santāno, māyāyaṃ bālalāpinī; Vadhako esa akkhāto, sāro ettha na vijjati. ‘‘Evaṃ khandhe avekkheyya, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo; Divā vā yadi vā rattiṃ, sampajāno paṭissato. ‘‘Jaheyya sabbasaṃyogaṃ, kareyya saraṇattano; Careyyādittasīsova, patthayaṃ accutaṃ pada’’nti. tatiyaṃ;
4. 牛粪团经
4. Gomayapiṇḍasuttaṃ
96于舍卫城。那位比丘在一旁坐定后,对世尊说:“尊者,是否有任何色,是常、坚固、恒久、不变易法,能如永恒一般安住?尊者,是否有任何受,是常、坚固、恒久、不变易法,能如永恒一般安住?尊者,是否有任何想……尊者,是否有任何行,是常、坚固、恒久、不变易法,能如永恒一般安住?尊者,是否有任何识,是常、坚固、恒久、不变易法,能如永恒一般安住?”“比丘,没有任何色是常、坚固、恒久、不变易法,能如永恒一般安住。比丘,没有任何受……任何想……任何行……任何识,是常、坚固、恒久、不变易法,能如永恒一般安住。”
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi nu kho, bhante, kiñci rūpaṃ yaṃ rūpaṃ niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassati? Atthi nu kho, bhante, kāci vedanā yā vedanā niccā dhuvā sassatā avipariṇāmadhammā sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassati? Atthi nu kho, bhante, kāci saññā yā saññā…pe… atthi nu kho, bhante, keci saṅkhārā ye saṅkhārā niccā dhuvā sassatā avipariṇāmadhammā sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassanti? Atthi nu kho, bhante, kiñci viññāṇaṃ, yaṃ viññāṇaṃ niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassatī’’ti? ‘‘Natthi kho, bhikkhu, kiñci rūpaṃ, yaṃ rūpaṃ niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassati. Natthi kho, bhikkhu, kāci vedanā… kāci saññā… keci saṅkhārā… kiñci viññāṇaṃ , yaṃ viññāṇaṃ niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassatī’’ti.
那时,世尊用手取了一小团牛粪,对那位比丘说:“比丘,即使如这牛粪许的身相,也非恒常、坚固、永存、不变易之法,不能如此永恒地安住。比丘,倘若这牛粪许的身相是恒常、坚固、永存、不变易之法,这为彻底灭尽苦而修的梵行,就不会被了知为正尽苦。比丘,正因为这牛粪许的身相也非恒常、坚固、永存、不变易之法,梵行住才被了知为正尽苦。”
Atha kho bhagavā parittaṃ gomayapiṇḍaṃ pāṇinā gahetvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ettakopi kho, bhikkhu, attabhāvapaṭilābho natthi nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassati. Ettako cepi, bhikkhu, attabhāvapaṭilābho abhavissa nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo, nayidaṃ brahmacariyavāso paññāyetha sammā dukkhakkhayāya. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhu, ettakopi attabhāvapaṭilābho natthi nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo, tasmā brahmacariyavāso paññāyati sammā dukkhakkhayāya.
“比丘,往昔我曾为灌顶刹帝利王。比丘,那时我拥有八万四千座城市,以拘舍瓦帝王都为上首。比丘,我拥有八万四千座宫殿,以法宫殿为上首。比丘,我拥有八万四千座重阁,以大庄严重阁为上首。比丘,我拥有八万四千张卧榻,或以象牙、或以心材、或以黄金制成,铺有羊毛毯、白毯、花毯,覆着迦达利鹿王最上等的皮,设有顶盖,两端安有红枕。比丘,我拥有八万四千头象,以黄金为饰,树立黄金幢,覆以金网,以布萨象王为上首。比丘,我拥有八万四千匹马,以黄金为饰,树立黄金幢,覆以金网,以瓦拉哈咖马王为上首。比丘,我拥有八万四千辆车,以黄金为饰,树立黄金幢,覆以金网,以韦迦延德车为上首。比丘,我拥有八万四千颗摩尼宝,以摩尼宝珠为上首。比丘,我拥有八万四千名女子,以须婆达天后为上首。比丘,我拥有八万四千位刹帝利随从,以导师宝为上首。比丘,我拥有八万四千头母牛,覆以细布,以铜器供乳。比丘,我拥有八万四千俱胝衣,有细麻衣、细绢衣、细羊毛衣、细棉衣。比丘,我拥有八万四千盘食物,于清晨与傍晚奉上饮食。
‘‘Bhūtapubbāhaṃ, bhikkhu, rājā ahosiṃ khattiyo muddhāvasitto. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhu, rañño sato khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa caturāsītinagarasahassāni ahesuṃ kusāvatī rājadhānippamukhāni. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhu, rañño sato khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa caturāsītipāsādasahassāni ahesuṃ dhammapāsādappamukhāni. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhu, rañño sato khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa caturāsītikūṭāgārasahassāni ahesuṃ mahābyūhakūṭāgārappamukhāni . Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhu, rañño sato khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa caturāsītipallaṅkasahassāni ahesuṃ dantamayāni sāramayāni sovaṇṇamayāni goṇakatthatāni paṭikatthatāni paṭalikatthatāni kadalimigapavarapaccattharaṇāni sauttaracchadāni ubhatolohitakūpadhānāni. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhu, rañño sato khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa caturāsītināgasahassāni ahesuṃ sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇaddhajāni hemajālapaṭicchannāni uposathanāgarājappamukhāni. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhu, rañño sato khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa caturāsītiassasahassāni ahesuṃ sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇaddhajāni hemajālapaṭicchannāni valāhakaassarājappamukhāni. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhu, rañño sato khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa caturāsītirathasahassāni ahesuṃ sovaṇṇālaṅkārāni sovaṇṇaddhajāni hemajālapaṭicchannāni vejayantarathappamukhāni. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhu, rañño sato khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa caturāsītimaṇisahassāni ahesuṃ maṇiratanappamukhāni. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhu…pe… caturāsītiitthisahassāni ahesuṃ subhaddādevippamukhāni. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhu…pe… caturāsītikhattiyasahassāni ahesuṃ anuyantāni pariṇāyakaratanappamukhāni. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhu…pe… caturāsītidhenusahassāni ahesuṃ dukūlasandanāni kaṃsūpadhāraṇāni. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhu…pe… caturāsītivatthakoṭisahassāni ahesuṃ khomasukhumāni koseyyasukhumāni kambalasukhumāni kappāsikasukhumāni. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhu…pe… caturāsītithālipākasahassāni ahesuṃ; sāyaṃ pātaṃ bhattābhihāro abhihariyittha.
“比丘,在那八万四千座城市中,我当时所住的唯有一座——拘舍瓦帝王都。比丘,在那八万四千座宫殿中,我当时所住的唯有一座——法宫殿。比丘,在那八万四千座重阁中,我当时所住的唯有一座——大庄严重阁。比丘,在那八万四千张卧榻中,我当时所受用的唯有一张——或象牙制、或心材制、或金制、或银制。比丘,在那八万四千头象中,我当时所乘骑的唯有一头——布萨象王。比丘,在那八万四千匹马中,我当时所乘骑的唯有一匹——瓦拉哈咖马王。比丘,在那八万四千辆车中,我当时所乘骑的唯有一辆——韦迦延德车。比丘,在那八万四千位女子中,唯有一位当时侍奉我——或刹帝利女,或韦拉弥咖女。比丘,在那八万四千俱胝衣服中,我当时所穿着的唯有一套——或细亚麻布、或细丝绸、或细羊毛、或细棉布。比丘,在那八万四千盘食物中,我所食用的唯有一盘,从那一盘中我最多只吃一那利咖量的饭和相应的咖哩。比丘,如是一切诸行,已过去、已灭尽、已变易。比丘,诸行正是如此无常。比丘,诸行正是如此不坚固。比丘,诸行正是如此不可依靠。比丘,仅此便足以于一切诸行生厌,足以离贪,足以得解脱。”第四经。
‘‘Tesaṃ kho pana, bhikkhu, caturāsītiyā nagarasahassānaṃ ekaññeva taṃ nagaraṃ hoti yamahaṃ tena samayena ajjhāvasāmi – kusāvatī rājadhānī. Tesaṃ kho pana, bhikkhu, caturāsītiyā pāsādasahassānaṃ ekoyeva so pāsādo hoti yamahaṃ tena samayena ajjhāvasāmi – dhammo pāsādo. Tesaṃ kho pana, bhikkhu, caturāsītiyā kūṭāgārasahassānaṃ ekaññeva taṃ kūṭāgāraṃ hoti yamahaṃ tena samayena ajjhāvasāmi – mahābyūhaṃ kūṭāgāraṃ. Tesaṃ kho pana, bhikkhu, caturāsītiyā pallaṅkasahassānaṃ ekoyeva so pallaṅko hoti yamahaṃ tena samayena paribhuñjāmi – dantamayo vā sāramayo vā sovaṇṇamayo vā rūpiyamayo vā. Tesaṃ kho pana, bhikkhu, caturāsītiyā nāgasahassānaṃ ekoyeva so nāgo hoti yamahaṃ tena samayena abhiruhāmi – uposatho nāgarājā. Tesaṃ kho pana, bhikkhu, caturāsītiyā assasahassānaṃ ekoyeva so asso hoti yamahaṃ tena samayena abhiruhāmi – valāhako assarājā. Tesaṃ kho pana, bhikkhu, caturāsītiyā rathasahassānaṃ ekoyeva so ratho hoti yamahaṃ tena samayena abhiruhāmi – vejayanto ratho. Tesaṃ kho pana, bhikkhu, caturāsītiyā itthisahassānaṃ ekāyeva sā itthī hoti yā maṃ tena samayena paccupaṭṭhāti – khattiyānī vā velāmikā vā. Tesaṃ kho pana, bhikkhu, caturāsītiyā vatthakoṭisahassānaṃ ekaññeva taṃ vatthayugaṃ hoti yamahaṃ tena samayena paridahāmi – khomasukhumaṃ vā koseyyasukhumaṃ vā kambalasukhumaṃ vā kappāsikasukhumaṃ vā. Tesaṃ kho pana, bhikkhu, caturāsītiyā thālipākasahassānaṃ ekoyeva so thālipāko hoti yato nāḷikodanaparamaṃ bhuñjāmi tadupiyañca sūpeyyaṃ . Iti kho, bhikkhu, sabbe te saṅkhārā atītā niruddhā vipariṇatā. Evaṃ aniccā kho, bhikkhu, saṅkhārā. Evaṃ addhuvā kho, bhikkhu, saṅkhārā. Evaṃ anassāsikā kho, bhikkhu, saṅkhārā. Yāvañcidaṃ , bhikkhu, alameva sabbasaṅkhāresu nibbindituṃ, alaṃ virajjituṃ, alaṃ vimuccitu’’nti. Catutthaṃ.
5. 指甲尖经
5. Nakhasikhāsuttaṃ
97舍卫城因缘。那位比丘坐在一旁,对世尊这样说:“尊者,是否有任何色,那色是常、坚固、恒、不变易法,将如此永恒地安住?尊者,是否有任何受,那受是常、坚固、恒、不变易法,将如此永恒地安住?尊者,是否有任何想……任何行,那些行是常、坚固、恒、不变易法,将如此永恒地安住?尊者,是否有任何识,那识是常、坚固、恒、不变易法,将如此永恒地安住?”“比丘,没有任何色,那色是常、坚固、恒、不变易法,将如此永恒地安住。比丘,没有任何受……任何想……任何行……任何识,那识是常、坚固、恒、不变易法,将如此永恒地安住。”
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi nu kho, bhante, kiñci rūpaṃ yaṃ rūpaṃ niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassati? Atthi nu kho, bhante, kāci vedanā yā vedanā niccā dhuvā sassatā avipariṇāmadhammā sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassati? Atthi nu kho, bhante, kāci saññā…pe… keci saṅkhārā, ye saṅkhārā niccā dhuvā sassatā avipariṇāmadhammā sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassanti? Atthi nu kho, bhante, kiñci viññāṇaṃ, yaṃ viññāṇaṃ niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassatī’’ti? ‘‘Natthi kho, bhikkhu, kiñci rūpaṃ, yaṃ rūpaṃ niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassati. Natthi kho, bhikkhu, kāci vedanā… kāci saññā… keci saṅkhārā…pe… kiñci viññāṇaṃ, yaṃ viññāṇaṃ niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassatī’’ti.
于是,世尊用指甲尖挑起少许尘土,对那位比丘说:“比丘,就连这指甲尖上这么少的色,也没有恒常、坚固、永恒、不变易之法,能像永恒那样一直安住。比丘,如果这指甲尖上这么少的色真有恒常、坚固、永恒、不变易,就不会有人认识到修梵行是为了彻底灭尽苦。比丘,正因为连这指甲尖上这么少的色都没有恒常、坚固、永恒、不变易,人们才了知修梵行是为了彻底灭尽苦。”
Atha kho bhagavā parittaṃ nakhasikhāyaṃ paṃsuṃ āropetvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ettakampi kho, bhikkhu, rūpaṃ natthi niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassati. Ettakaṃ cepi, bhikkhu, rūpaṃ abhavissa niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ, nayidaṃ brahmacariyavāso paññāyetha sammā dukkhakkhayāya. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhu, ettakampi rūpaṃ natthi niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ, tasmā brahmacariyavāso paññāyati sammā dukkhakkhayāya’’.
“比丘,就连这微少的受,也没有恒常、坚固、永恒、不变易之法,能够如同永恒那般常住不失。比丘,倘若真有如此微少的受是恒常、坚固、永恒、不变易的,那么为彻底灭尽苦而修习梵行,便不会为人所了知。然而,比丘,正因为连这微少的受也没有恒常、坚固、永恒、不变易之法,这为彻底灭尽苦而修的梵行,才为人所了知。
‘‘Ettakāpi kho, bhikkhu, vedanā natthi niccā dhuvā sassatā avipariṇāmadhammā sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassati. Ettakā cepi, bhikkhu, vedanā abhavissa niccā dhuvā sassatā avipariṇāmadhammā, na yidaṃ brahmacariyavāso paññāyetha sammā dukkhakkhayāya. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhu, ettakāpi vedanā natthi niccā dhuvā sassatā avipariṇāmadhammā, tasmā brahmacariyavāso paññāyati sammā dukkhakkhayāya.
“比丘,就连这微少的想,也没有……(中略)比丘,就连这微少的行,也没有恒常、坚固、永恒、不变易之法,能够如同永恒那般常住不失。比丘,倘若真有如此微少的行是恒常、坚固、永恒、不变易的,那么为彻底灭尽苦而修习梵行,便不会为人所了知。然而,比丘,正因为连这微少的行也没有恒常、坚固、永恒、不变易之法,这为彻底灭尽苦而修的梵行,才为人所了知。
‘‘Ettakāpi kho, bhikkhu, saññā natthi…pe… ettakāpi kho, bhikkhu, saṅkhārā natthi niccā dhuvā sassatā avipariṇāmadhammā sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassanti. Ettakā cepi, bhikkhu, saṅkhārā abhavissaṃsu niccā dhuvā sassatā avipariṇāmadhammā, na yidaṃ brahmacariyavāso paññāyetha sammā dukkhakkhayāya. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhu, ettakāpi saṅkhārā natthi niccā dhuvā sassatā avipariṇāmadhammā, tasmā brahmacariyavāso paññāyati sammā dukkhakkhayāya.
“比丘,就连这微少的识,也没有恒常、坚固、永恒、不变易之法,能够如同永恒那般常住不失。比丘,倘若真有如此微少的识是恒常、坚固、永恒、不变易的,那么为彻底灭尽苦而修习梵行,便不会为人所了知。然而,比丘,正因为连这微少的识也没有恒常、坚固、永恒、不变易之法,这为彻底灭尽苦而修的梵行,才为人所了知。
‘‘Ettakampi kho, bhikkhu, viññāṇaṃ natthi niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassati. Ettakampi kho, bhikkhu, viññāṇaṃ abhavissa niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ, na yidaṃ brahmacariyavāso paññāyetha sammā dukkhakkhayāya. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhu, ettakampi viññāṇaṃ natthi niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ, tasmā brahmacariyavāso paññāyati sammā dukkhakkhayāya.
“比丘,你如何思惟?色是常的还是无常的?”“尊者,是无常的。”“受……想……行……识是常的还是无常的?”“尊者,是无常的。”……“因此……像这样观察……他清晰地了知:‘再也没有来世这样的状态了。’”第五经。
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, bhikkhu, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ bhante’’…pe… ‘‘tasmātiha…pe… evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
6. 纯净经
6. Suddhikasuttaṃ
98舍卫城。那位比丘在一旁坐下后,对世尊这样说:“尊者,可有任何色是常的、坚固的、恒久的、不变易法,能如永恒般安住?尊者,可有任何受……任何想……任何行……任何识是常的、坚固的、恒久的、不变易法,能如永恒般安住?”“比丘,没有任何色是常的、坚固的、恒久的、不变易法,能如永恒般安住。比丘,没有任何受……任何想……任何行……任何识是常的、坚固的、恒久的、不变易法,能如永恒般安住。”第六经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi nu kho, bhante, kiñci rūpaṃ, yaṃ rūpaṃ niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassati? Atthi nu kho, bhante, kāci vedanā…pe… kāci saññā… keci saṅkhārā… kiñci viññāṇaṃ, yaṃ viññāṇaṃ niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassatī’’ti? ‘‘Natthi kho, bhikkhu, kiñci rūpaṃ yaṃ rūpaṃ niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassati. Natthi kho, bhikkhu, kāci vedanā… kāci saññā… keci saṅkhārā… kiñci viññāṇaṃ, yaṃ viññāṇaṃ niccaṃ dhuvaṃ sassataṃ avipariṇāmadhammaṃ sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassatī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
7. 系缚经
7. Gaddulabaddhasuttaṃ
99舍卫城因缘。
“诸比丘,此轮回无始,为无明所覆、渴爱所缚的众生流转轮回,其前际不可了知。诸比丘,纵使大海干涸、枯竭、不复存在,我仍不说那些为无明所覆、渴爱所缚的流转众生之苦有终结。诸比丘,纵使须弥山王燃烧、毁灭、不复存在,我仍不说那些为无明所覆、渴爱所缚的流转众生之苦有终结。诸比丘,纵使大地燃烧、毁灭、不复存在,我仍不说那些为无明所覆、渴爱所缚的流转众生之苦有终结。”
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro. Pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Hoti so, bhikkhave, samayo yaṃ mahāsamuddo ussussati visussati na bhavati; na tvevāhaṃ, bhikkhave, avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ dukkhassa antakiriyaṃ vadāmi. Hoti so, bhikkhave, samayo yaṃ sineru pabbatarājā ḍayhati vinassati na bhavati; na tvevāhaṃ, bhikkhave, avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ dukkhassa antakiriyaṃ vadāmi. Hoti so, bhikkhave, samayo yaṃ mahāpathavī ḍayhati vinassati na bhavati; na tvevāhaṃ, bhikkhave, avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ dukkhassa antakiriyaṃ vadāmi’’.
“诸比丘,犹如狗被绳所缚,系于坚固的柱或桩上,它便只是绕着那柱或桩不停地奔跑、转绕。同样地,诸比丘,未受教导的凡夫,不见圣者,不解圣者之法,未受圣者之法调伏;不见善士,不解善士之法,未受善士之法调伏,他们观色是我……观受是我……观想是我……观行是我……观识是我,或认为我拥有识,或认为识在我中,或认为我在识中。他便只是绕着色而转绕,绕着受而转绕,绕着想而转绕,绕着行而转绕,绕着识而转绕。他这样绕着色等而转绕,便不能从色解脱,不能从受解脱,不能从想解脱,不能从行解脱,不能从识解脱,不能从生、老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼解脱。我说:‘他不能从苦解脱。’”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, sā gaddulabaddho daḷhe khīle vā thambhe vā upanibaddho tameva khīlaṃ vā thambhaṃ vā anuparidhāvati anuparivattati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano ariyānaṃ adassāvī…pe… sappurisadhamme avinīto rūpaṃ attato samanupassati…pe… vedanaṃ attato samanupassati… saññaṃ attato samanupassati… saṅkhāre attato samanupassati… viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati, viññāṇavantaṃ vā attānaṃ; attani vā viññāṇaṃ, viññāṇasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. So rūpaññeva anuparidhāvati anuparivattati, vedanaññeva…pe… saññaññeva… saṅkhāreyeva… viññāṇaññeva anuparidhāvati anuparivattati. So rūpaṃ anuparidhāvaṃ anuparivattaṃ, vedanaṃ…pe… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ anuparidhāvaṃ anuparivattaṃ, na parimuccati rūpamhā, na parimuccati vedanāya, na parimuccati saññāya, na parimuccati saṅkhārehi, na parimuccati viññāṇamhā, na parimuccati jātiyā jarāmaraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi. ‘Na parimuccati dukkhasmā’ti vadāmi’’.
“诸比丘!然而,多闻圣弟子已见圣者,善于圣者法;已见善士,于善士法中善加调伏。他不视色为我,不视受、想、行、识为我,不视我拥有识,不视识在我中,不视我在识中。他于色不追逐、不还转,于受、想、行、识不追逐、不还转。由于不追逐、不转绕色、受、想、行、识,他便从色解脱,从受解脱,从想解脱,从行解脱,从识解脱,从生、老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼中解脱。我说:‘他从苦中解脱。’”第七。
‘‘Sutavā ca kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako ariyānaṃ dassāvī…pe… sappurisadhamme suvinīto, na rūpaṃ attato samanupassati…pe… na vedanaṃ… na saññaṃ… na saṅkhāre… na viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati, na viññāṇavantaṃ vā attānaṃ; na attani vā viññāṇaṃ, na viññāṇasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. So rūpaṃ nānuparidhāvati nānuparivattati, vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ nānuparidhāvati nānuparivattati. So rūpaṃ ananuparidhāvaṃ ananuparivattaṃ, vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ ananuparidhāvaṃ ananuparivattaṃ; parimuccati rūpamhā, parimuccati vedanāya, parimuccati saññāya, parimuccati saṅkhārehi, parimuccati viññāṇamhā, parimuccati jātiyā jarāmaraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi. ‘Parimuccati dukkhasmā’ti vadāmī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
8. 第二狗缚经
8. Dutiyagaddulabaddhasuttaṃ
100于舍卫城。“诸比丘!这轮回无始。无明所覆、渴爱所系的有情流转轮回,不知前际。诸比丘!譬如狗被绳索系住,拴在坚固的柱或桩上。它行走时,只是走向那柱或桩;站立时,只是站向那柱或桩;坐下时,只是坐向那柱或桩;躺卧时,只是卧向那柱或桩。同样地,诸比丘!无闻凡夫视色为‘这是我的,这是我,这是我的我’;视受……想……行……识为‘这是我的,这是我,这是我的我’。他行走时,只是走向这五取蕴;站立时,只是站向这五取蕴;坐下时,只是坐向这五取蕴;躺卧时,只是卧向这五取蕴。因此,诸比丘!应当常常省察自心:‘长久以来,此心被贪、嗔、痴所染污。’诸比丘!因为心的染污,有情便染污;因为心的清净,有情便清净。”
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro. Pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, sā gaddulabaddho daḷhe khīle vā thambhe vā upanibaddho. So gacchati cepi tameva khīlaṃ vā thambhaṃ vā upagacchati; tiṭṭhati cepi tameva khīlaṃ vā thambhaṃ vā upatiṭṭhati; nisīdati cepi tameva khīlaṃ vā thambhaṃ vā upanisīdati; nipajjati cepi tameva khīlaṃ vā thambhaṃ vā upanipajjati. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano rūpaṃ ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti samanupassati. Vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti samanupassati. So gacchati cepi ime pañcupādānakkhandhe upagacchati; tiṭṭhati cepi ime pañcupādānakkhandhe upatiṭṭhati; nisīdati cepi ime pañcupādānakkhandhe upanisīdati; nipajjati cepi ime pañcupādānakkhandhe upanipajjati. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, abhikkhaṇaṃ sakaṃ cittaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ – ‘dīgharattamidaṃ cittaṃ saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ rāgena dosena mohenā’ti. Cittasaṃkilesā, bhikkhave, sattā saṃkilissanti; cittavodānā sattā visujjhanti.
“诸比丘,你们可曾见过那幅名为‘杂色’的画吗?” “是的,尊者。” “诸比丘,那幅名为‘杂色’的画,也是由心绘成的。诸比丘,比起那幅杂色的画,心更为杂色。因此,诸比丘,应当时常反察自心:‘长久以来,此心为贪、嗔、痴所染污。’诸比丘,因心染污,众生便染污;因心清净,众生便清净。”
‘‘Diṭṭhaṃ vo, bhikkhave, caraṇaṃ nāma citta’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Tampi kho, bhikkhave, caraṇaṃ nāma cittaṃ citteneva cittitaṃ. Tenapi kho, bhikkhave, caraṇena cittena cittaññeva cittataraṃ. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, abhikkhaṇaṃ sakaṃ cittaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ – ‘dīgharattamidaṃ cittaṃ saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ rāgena dosena mohenā’ti. Cittasaṃkilesā, bhikkhave, sattā saṃkilissanti; cittavodānā sattā visujjhanti.
“诸比丘,我不见有其他任何一类众生,像这样杂色。诸比丘,即使这些畜生道众生,也是由心绘成的,而心比那些畜生道众生更杂色。因此,诸比丘,应当时常反察自心:‘长久以来,此心为贪、嗔、痴所染污。’诸比丘,因心染污,众生便染污;因心清净,众生便清净。”
‘‘Nāhaṃ , bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekanikāyampi samanupassāmi evaṃ cittaṃ. Yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā, tepi kho, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā citteneva cittitā, tehipi kho, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatehi pāṇehi cittaññeva cittataraṃ. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, abhikkhaṇaṃ sakaṃ cittaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ – ‘dīgharattamidaṃ cittaṃ saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ rāgena dosena mohenā’ti. Cittasaṃkilesā, bhikkhave, sattā saṃkilissanti; cittavodānā sattā visujjhanti.
“诸比丘,譬如染匠或画师,用染料、胭脂、姜黄、靛蓝或茜草,在打磨光滑的木板、墙壁或布匹上,勾勒出完整的男人或女人形象。同样地,诸比丘,未闻正法的凡夫,当他造作时,只是造作色;当他造作时,只是造作受……想……行……当他造作时,只是造作识。诸比丘,你们意下如何?色是常还是无常?” “无常的,尊者。” “受……想……行……识……因此,诸比丘!如此观察……他便了知:‘不受后有。’”第八经。
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, rajako vā cittakārako vā rajanāya vā lākhāya vā haliddiyā vā nīliyā vā mañjiṭṭhāya vā suparimaṭṭhe phalake vā bhittiyā vā dussapaṭṭe vā itthirūpaṃ vā purisarūpaṃ vā abhinimmineyya sabbaṅgapaccaṅgiṃ; evameva kho, bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano rūpaññeva abhinibbattento abhinibbatteti, vedanaññeva…pe… saññaññeva… saṅkhāre yeva… viññāṇaññeva abhinibbattento abhinibbatteti. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ…pe… ‘‘tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
9. 斧柄经
9. Vāsijaṭasuttaṃ
101在舍卫城。
“诸比丘,我说知者、见者能尽诸漏,而非不知者、不见者。诸比丘,知什么、见什么,而得诸漏尽?‘如此是色,如此是色之集,如此是色之灭;如此是受……如此是想……如此是行……如此是识,如此是识之集,如此是识之灭。’诸比丘,如是知、如是见,而得诸漏尽。”
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Jānato ahaṃ, bhikkhave, passato āsavānaṃ khayaṃ vadāmi, no ajānato no apassato. Kiñca, bhikkhave, jānato kiṃ passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti? ‘Iti rūpaṃ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; iti vedanā… iti saññā… iti saṅkhārā… iti viññāṇaṃ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti – evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti’’.
“诸比丘,若有比丘安住而不致力于修习,纵使他生起如是愿望:‘啊,愿我的心以不执取而解脱诸漏!’他的心也终究不能由不执取从诸漏中解脱。何以故?只能说:‘他未修习。’未修习何者?未修习四念处、未修习四正勤、未修习四神足、未修习五根、未修习五力、未修习七觉支、未修习八圣道。”
‘‘Bhāvanānuyogaṃ ananuyuttassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno viharato kiñcāpi evaṃ icchā uppajjeyya – ‘aho vata me anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucceyyā’ti, atha khvassa neva anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccati. Taṃ kissa hetu? ‘Abhāvitattā’ tissa vacanīyaṃ. Kissa abhāvitattā? Abhāvitattā catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ, abhāvitattā catunnaṃ sammappadhānānaṃ, abhāvitattā catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ, abhāvitattā pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ, abhāvitattā pañcannaṃ balānaṃ, abhāvitattā sattannaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ, abhāvitattā ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa.
“诸比丘,譬如一只母鸡有八颗、十颗或十二颗蛋。如果那些蛋没有被母鸡善加伏卧、善加孵暖、善加孕育,那么即使母鸡生起这样的愿望:‘但愿我的小鸡们能用脚爪尖或嘴尖啄破蛋壳,安然出壳!’那些小鸡依然无法用脚爪尖或嘴尖啄破蛋壳,安然出壳。这是什么原因呢?诸比丘,因为那些蛋没有被善加伏卧、善加孵暖、善加孕育。同样地,诸比丘,如果一位比丘安住时不致力于修习,即使他生起这样的愿望:‘但愿我的心能无执取而从诸漏解脱!’他的心也不能无执取而从诸漏解脱。这是什么原因呢?只能说:‘因为他没有修习。’没有修习什么?没有修习四念处……没有修习八圣道。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kukkuṭiyā aṇḍāni aṭṭha vā dasa vā dvādasa vā. Tānassu kukkuṭiyā na sammā adhisayitāni, na sammā pariseditāni, na sammā paribhāvitāni. Kiñcāpi tassā kukkuṭiyā evaṃ icchā uppajjeyya – ‘aho, vata me kukkuṭapotakā pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā sotthinā abhinibbhijjeyyu’nti, atha kho abhabbāva te kukkuṭapotakā pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā sotthinā abhinibbhijjituṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi pana, bhikkhave, kukkuṭiyā aṇḍāni aṭṭha vā dasa vā dvādasa vā; tāni kukkuṭiyā na sammā adhisayitāni, na sammā pariseditāni, na sammā paribhāvitāni. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhāvanānuyogaṃ ananuyuttassa bhikkhuno viharato kiñcāpi evaṃ icchā uppajjeyya – ‘aho, vata me anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucceyyā’ti, atha khvassa neva anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccati. Taṃ kissa hetu? ‘Abhāvitattā’tissa vacanīyaṃ. Kissa abhāvitattā? Abhāvitattā catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ…pe… aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa.
“诸比丘,如果一位比丘安住时致力于修习,即使他并未生起这样的愿望:‘但愿我的心能无执取而从诸漏解脱!’他的心依然能无执取而从诸漏解脱。这是什么原因呢?只能说:‘因为他已修习。’已修习了什么?已修习了四念处、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七觉支、八圣道。”
‘‘Bhāvanānuyogaṃ anuyuttassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno viharato kiñcāpi na evaṃ icchā uppajjeyya – ‘aho vata me anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucceyyā’ti, atha khvassa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccati. Taṃ kissa hetu? ‘Bhāvitattā’tissa vacanīyaṃ. Kissa bhāvitattā? Bhāvitattā catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ, bhāvitattā catunnaṃ sammappadhānānaṃ, bhāvitattā catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ, bhāvitattā pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ, bhāvitattā pañcannaṃ balānaṃ, bhāvitattā sattannaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ, bhāvitattā ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa.
“诸比丘,譬如母鸡有八颗、十颗或十二颗蛋,那些蛋被母鸡善加伏卧、善加孵暖、善加孕育。即使母鸡不生起这样的愿望:‘但愿我的小鸡们能以脚爪尖或嘴尖啄破蛋壳,安然出壳!’小鸡们却能以脚爪尖或嘴尖啄破蛋壳,安然出壳。这是什么原因呢?诸比丘,因为那些蛋被善加伏卧、善加孵暖、善加孕育了。同样地,诸比丘,对于致力于修习的比丘,即使他不生起这样的愿望:‘但愿我的心能无执取而从诸漏解脱!’他的心仍能无执取而从诸漏解脱。这是什么原因呢?应当说:‘因为已修习。’因为什么已修习?因为四念处已修习……(中略)……八圣道已修习。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kukkuṭiyā aṇḍāni aṭṭha vā dasa vā dvādasa vā. Tānassu kukkuṭiyā sammā adhisayitāni, sammā pariseditāni, sammā paribhāvitāni . Kiñcāpi tassā kukkuṭiyā na evaṃ icchā uppajjeyya – ‘aho vata me kukkuṭapotakā pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā sotthinā abhinibbhijjeyyu’nti, atha kho bhabbāva te kukkuṭapotakā pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā sotthinā abhinibbhijjituṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi pana, bhikkhave, kukkuṭiyā aṇḍāni aṭṭha vā dasa vā dvādasa vā; tānassu kukkuṭiyā sammā adhisayitāni, sammā pariseditāni, sammā paribhāvitāni. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhāvanānuyogaṃ anuyuttassa bhikkhuno viharato kiñcāpi na evaṃ icchā uppajjeyya – ‘aho vata me anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucceyyā’ti, atha khvassa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccati. Taṃ kissa hetu? ‘Bhāvitattā’tissa vacanīyaṃ. Kissa bhāvitattā? Bhāvitattā catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ…pe… bhāvitattā ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa.
“诸比丘,譬如木匠或木匠的弟子,会在斧柄上看到指印、看到拇指印,却不会生起这样的智:‘今天我的斧柄磨损了这么多,昨天这么多,前天这么多。’只是当磨损时,他有‘已磨损’的智。同样地,诸比丘,当比丘安住于修习时,即使不会生起这样的智:‘今天我的诸漏灭尽了这么多,昨天这么多,前天这么多。’只是当灭尽时,他有‘已灭尽’的智。诸比丘,又如海船用藤索捆缚,雨季时浸泡在水中,冬季被拖上岸,藤索受风吹日晒;当那些藤索被雨云淋透,便不费力地松散、朽烂了。同样地,诸比丘,当比丘安住于修习时,诸结便不费力地松散、朽烂了。”第九经。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, palagaṇḍassa vā palagaṇḍantevāsissa vā vāsijaṭe dissanteva aṅgulipadāni dissati aṅguṭṭhapadaṃ. No ca khvassa evaṃ ñāṇaṃ hoti – ‘ettakaṃ vata me ajja vāsijaṭassa khīṇaṃ, ettakaṃ hiyyo, ettakaṃ pare’ti. Atha khvassa khīṇe khīṇantveva ñāṇaṃ hoti. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhāvanānuyogaṃ anuyuttassa bhikkhuno viharato kiñcāpi na evaṃ ñāṇaṃ hoti – ‘ettakaṃ vata me ajja āsavānaṃ khīṇaṃ, ettakaṃ hiyyo, ettakaṃ pare’ti, atha khvassa khīṇe khīṇantveva ñāṇaṃ hoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, sāmuddikāya nāvāya vettabandhanabaddhāya vassamāsāni udake pariyādāya hemantikena thalaṃ ukkhittāya vātātapaparetāni vettabandhanāni. Tāni pāvusakena meghena abhippavuṭṭhāni appakasireneva paṭippassambhanti pūtikāni bhavanti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhāvanānuyogaṃ anuyuttassa bhikkhuno viharato appakasireneva saṃyojanāni paṭippassambhanti pūtikāni bhavantī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
10. 无常想经
10. Aniccasaññāsuttaṃ
102舍卫城因缘。“诸比丘,无常想若修习、多所修习,则能灭尽一切欲贪,灭尽一切色贪,灭尽一切有贪,灭尽一切无明,根除一切我慢。”
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Aniccasaññā, bhikkhave, bhāvitā bahulīkatā sabbaṃ kāmarāgaṃ pariyādiyati, sabbaṃ rūparāgaṃ pariyādiyati, sabbaṃ bhavarāgaṃ pariyādiyati, sabbaṃ avijjaṃ pariyādiyati, sabbaṃ asmimānaṃ samūhanati’’.
“诸比丘,譬如秋天,农夫用大犁犁地,将一切根网尽悉切断;同样地,诸比丘,当无常想已修习、多修习时,便能遍尽一切欲贪,遍尽一切色贪,遍尽一切有贪,遍尽一切无明,并根除一切我慢。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, saradasamaye kassako mahānaṅgalena kasanto sabbāni mūlasantānakāni sampadālento kasati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā bhāvitā bahulīkatā sabbaṃ kāmarāgaṃ pariyādiyati, sabbaṃ rūparāgaṃ pariyādiyati, sabbaṃ bhavarāgaṃ pariyādiyati, sabbaṃ avijjaṃ pariyādiyati, sabbaṃ asmimānaṃ samūhanati.
“诸比丘,譬如割草人割下草后,抓住梢头,摇动、抖落、拍打干净;同样地,诸比丘,当无常想已修习、多修习时,便能遍尽一切欲贪……(中略)……根除一切我慢。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, pabbajalāyako pabbajaṃ lāyitvā agge gahetvā odhunāti niddhunāti nicchoṭeti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā bhāvitā bahulīkatā sabbaṃ kāmarāgaṃ pariyādiyati…pe… sabbaṃ asmimānaṃ samūhanati.
“诸比丘,譬如芒果串的梗被切断时,所有连在梗上的芒果都随之脱落;同样地,诸比丘,当无常想已修习、多修习时……(中略)……根除一切我慢。
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, ambapiṇḍiyā vaṇṭacchinnāya yāni tattha ambāni vaṇṭapaṭibandhāni sabbāni tāni tadanvayāni bhavanti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā bhāvitā…pe… sabbaṃ asmimānaṃ samūhanati.
“诸比丘,犹如那尖顶屋的椽子,无论有多少根,皆朝向屋顶、倾斜于屋顶、汇合于屋顶,故说屋顶为其中之最。正是如此,诸比丘,修习无常想……能根除一切我慢。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kūṭāgārassa yā kāci gopānasiyo sabbā tā kūṭaṅgamā kūṭaninnā kūṭasamosaraṇā, kūṭaṃ tāsaṃ aggamakkhāyati ; evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā bhāvitā…pe… sabbaṃ asmimānaṃ samūhanati.
“诸比丘,犹如一切根茎类的香料中,黑旃檀被誉为其最上。正是如此,诸比丘,无常想……能根除一切我慢。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ye keci mūlagandhā kāḷānusārigandho tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā…pe… sabbaṃ asmimānaṃ samūhanati.
“诸比丘,犹如一切心材类的香料中,红旃檀被誉为其最上。正是如此,诸比丘,无常想……能根除一切我慢。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ye keci sāragandhā, lohitacandanaṃ tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā…pe… sabbaṃ asmimānaṃ samūhanati.
“诸比丘,正如一切花香之中,以茉莉花为最上;同样地,诸比丘,修习无常想……能根除一切我慢。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ye keci pupphagandhā, vassikaṃ tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā…pe… sabbaṃ asmimānaṃ samūhanati.
“诸比丘,正如一切小王皆为转轮王的随从,转轮王被视为最上;同样地,诸比丘,修习无常想……能根除一切我慢。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ye keci kuṭṭarājāno , sabbete rañño cakkavattissa anuyantā bhavanti, rājā tesaṃ cakkavatti aggamakkhāyati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā…pe… sabbaṃ asmimānaṃ samūhanati.
“诸比丘,犹如群星的光芒,不及月光十六分之一,月光视为最上;同样地,诸比丘,修习无常想……能根除一切我慢。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yā kāci tārakarūpānaṃ pabhā, sabbā tā candimappabhāya kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasiṃ, candappabhā tāsaṃ aggamakkhāyati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā…pe… sabbaṃ asmimānaṃ samūhanati.
“诸比丘,譬如秋季,晴空无云,日轮升上天际,驱散虚空一切黑暗,照耀、炽热、辉耀;同样,诸比丘,当无常想已修习、已多修习时,便遍尽一切欲贪,遍尽一切色贪,遍尽一切有贪,遍尽一切无明,根除一切我慢。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, saradasamaye viddhe vigatavalāhake deve ādicco nataṃ abbhussakkamāno, sabbaṃ ākāsagataṃ tamagataṃ abhivihacca bhāsate ca tapate ca virocate ca; evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā bhāvitā bahulīkatā sabbaṃ kāmarāgaṃ pariyādiyati, sabbaṃ rūparāgaṃ pariyādiyati, sabbaṃ bhavarāgaṃ pariyādiyati, sabbaṃ avijjaṃ pariyādiyati, sabbaṃ asmimānaṃ samūhanati.
“诸比丘,无常想如何修习、如何多修习,方能遍尽一切欲贪……(中略)……根除一切我慢?‘这就是色,这就是色的生起,这就是色的灭去;这就是受……这就是想……这就是行……这就是识,这就是识的生起,这就是识的灭去。’ 诸比丘,无常想如此修习、如此多修习,便遍尽一切欲贪,遍尽一切色贪,遍尽一切有贪,遍尽一切无明,根除一切我慢。”第十经。
‘‘Kathaṃ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā kathaṃ bahulīkatā sabbaṃ kāmarāgaṃ pariyādiyati…pe… sabbaṃ asmimānaṃ samūhanati? ‘Iti rūpaṃ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; iti vedanā… iti saññā… iti saṅkhārā… iti viññāṇaṃ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti – evaṃ bhāvitā kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā evaṃ bahulīkatā sabbaṃ kāmarāgaṃ pariyādiyati, sabbaṃ rūparāgaṃ pariyādiyati, sabbaṃ bhavarāgaṃ pariyādiyati, sabbaṃ avijjaṃ pariyādiyati, sabbaṃ asmimānaṃ samūhanatī’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
河流、花与泡沫,牛粪与指甲尖;
纯净,二与束缚,斧柄结与无常。
Nadī pupphañca pheṇañca, gomayañca nakhāsikhaṃ; Suddhikaṃ dve ca gaddulā, vāsījaṭaṃ aniccatāti.
《中五十品》的摄颂曰:
Tassa majjhimapaṇṇāsakassa vagguddānaṃ –
执著品、阿拉汉品,可嚼食品与长老品;
花品共成五十,故称为第二。
Upayo arahanto ca, khajjanī therasavhayaṃ; Pupphavaggena paṇṇāsa, dutiyo tena vuccatīti.