畜生论经
Tiracchānakathāsutta
问:贤友,在《谛相应》中,由过去结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第十经——《畜生论经》,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – saccasaṃyutte āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāyakamahātherehi dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ tiracchānakathāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在舍卫城,世尊针对众多比丘这样说:“诸比丘,你们不要谈论种种无益的世俗言论,也就是:国王论、盗贼论、大臣论、军队论、怖畏论、战争论、食物论、饮料论、衣服论、床具论等等。”
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha mā bhikkhave anekavihitaṃ tiracchānakathaṃ katheyyātha. Seyyathidaṃ, rājakathaṃ corakathaṃ mahāmattakathaṃ senākathaṃ bhayakathaṃ yuddhakathaṃ annakathaṃ pānakathaṃ vatthakathaṃ sayanakathaṃ evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
你们应当说:“这是苦。”
Idaṃ dukkhanti katheyyātha.
因此,比丘们,应当致力于“这是苦”……应当致力于“这是趣向苦灭之道”。
Tasmātiha bhikkhave idaṃ dukkhanti yogo karaṇīyo…pe… ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti yogo karaṇīyo.
转法轮经
Dhammacakkapavattanasutta
问:贤友,就在这《转法轮品》当中,那部由古时结集法藏的大长老们最初结集的《转法轮经》,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dhammacakkappavattanavagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ dhammacakkapavattanasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:在波罗奈的仙人堕处鹿野苑,针对五群比丘,世尊这样说:“比丘们,出家者不应亲近两个极端。哪两个呢?一个是沉溺于感官欲乐,低劣、粗俗、凡夫、非圣、无益;另一个是沉溺于自我折磨,痛苦、非圣、无益。比丘们,如来不趋近这两个极端,而证悟了中道。”世尊就是以这些开示宣说了这部经。
Vissajjanā – bārāṇasiyaṃ bhante isipatane migadāye pañcavaggiye bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dve me bhikkhave antā pabbajitena nasevitabbā. Katame dve, yo cāyaṃ kāmesu kāmasukhallikānuyogo hīno gammo pothujjaniko anariyo anatthasaṃhito, yo cāyaṃ attakilamathānuyogo dukkho anariyo anatthasaṃhito, ete kho bhikkhave ubho ante anupagamma majjhimāpaṭipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,就在这《拘利村品》里,古时结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第五部《漏尽经》,是世尊在哪里、针对谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso koṭigāmavagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi pañcamaṃ saṃgītaṃ āsavakkhayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:在舍卫城,世尊针对众多比丘这样说:“比丘们,我说只有知道、看见的人才能灭尽诸漏,不知道、没看见的人不能。比丘们,知道什么、看见什么,才能灭尽诸漏呢?比丘们,知道‘这是苦’、看见‘这是苦’,就能灭尽诸漏;知道‘这是苦的起因’、看见‘这是苦的起因’,就能灭尽诸漏;知道‘这是苦的止息’、看见‘这是苦的止息’,就能灭尽诸漏;知道‘这是通往苦的止息的道路’、看见‘这是通往苦的止息的道路’,就能灭尽诸漏。比丘们,像这样知道、像这样看见,就能灭尽诸漏。所以,比丘们,应当致力于‘这是苦’;应当致力于‘这是苦的起因’;应当致力于‘这是苦的止息’;应当致力于‘这是通往苦的止息的道路’。”世尊就是这样说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘jānatohaṃ bhikkhave passato āsavānaṃ khayaṃ vadāmi, no ajānato apassato. Kiñca bhikkhave jānato passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti, idaṃ dukkhanti bhikkhave jānato passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhoti, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminīpaṭipadāti jānato passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti. Evaṃ kho bhikkhave jānato evaṃ passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti. Tasmātiha bhikkhave ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yogo karaṇīyo, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhoti, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminīpaṭipadāti yogo karaṇīyo’’ti evaṃ kho bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,就在这《尸舍婆林品》中,过去结集法藏的上座大长老们最初结集的《尸舍婆林经》,是世尊在哪里、针对谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso sīsapāvanavagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ sīsapāvanasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
在憍赏弥的尸舍婆林中,世尊针对众多比丘说了这样一段话:“比丘们,你们怎么看?是我用手拿起的这几片尸舍婆叶多,还是尸舍婆林上面的叶子多?”等等。
Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante sīsapāvane sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nukho bahutaraṃ yāni vā mayā parittāni sīsapāpaṇṇāni pāṇinā gahitāni yadidaṃ upari sīsapāvane’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
五趣略说品
Pañcagatipeyyālavagga
问:贤友,就在这部《五趣省略品》里——它是由古代结集法藏的大长老们作为最后部分结集而成的——世尊是在哪里、针对谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi pariyosānabhāvena saṃgīto pañcagatipeyyālavagge, bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsito.
回答:在毗舍离,世尊针对众多比丘这样宣说:“诸比丘,你们怎么想?是我放在指甲尖上的那点尘土多,还是这大地多?”——就是以这类话宣说的。
Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yo vāyaṃ mayā paritto nakhasikhāyaṃ paṃsu āropito, ayaṃ vā mahāpathavī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsito.
问:贤友,哪些人在修学?
Pucchā – ke āvuso sikkhanti.
回答:尊者,有学的人和善凡夫都在修学。
Vissajjanā – sekkhā ca bhante puthujjanakalyāṇakā ca sikkhanti.
问:贤友,哪些是已修成学处者?
Pucchā – ke āvuso sikkhitasikkhā.
回答:尊者,阿拉汉们是已修学圆满的人。
Vissajjanā – arahanto bhante sikkhitasikkhā.
问:贤友,它安立在何处?
Pucchā – kattha āvuso ṭhitaṃ.
回答:尊者,它安住于乐于修学的人们之中。
Vissajjanā – sikkhākāmesu bhante ṭhitaṃ.
问:贤友,哪些人持守它?
Pucchā – ke āvuso dhārenti.
解除:尊者,凡是对其合适者,他们就持守。
Vissajjanā – yesaṃ bhante vattati te dhārenti.
问:贤友,这是谁说的话?
Pucchā – kassa āvuso vacanaṃ.
回答:尊者,这是世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者的话。
Vissajjanā – bhagavato bhante vacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassa.
问:贤友,这是由谁带来的?
Pucchā – kena āvuso ābhataṃ.
回答:尊者,这是从一代代传承中传下来的。
Vissajjanā – paramparāya bhante ābhataṃ.