第一 玛哈那玛经
Paṭhama mahānāmasutta
问:贤友,就在这第三皈依品中,过去那些结集法的大长老们最初结集的第一部《玛哈那玛经》,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为缘由、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso tatiye saraṇānivagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ paṭhamamahānāmasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
解答:尊者,在释迦族的迦毗罗卫城榕树园中,针对释迦族的玛哈那玛而宣说。尊者,释迦族的玛哈那玛对世尊这样说:“尊者,这座迦毗罗卫城富足、兴旺,人口众多,人烟稠密,拥挤不堪。尊者,我在傍晚时分,去亲近世尊或去亲近那些值得修习意业的比丘之后,进入迦毗罗卫城时,有时遇到狂乱的大象,有时遇到狂乱的马,有时遇到狂乱的车,有时遇到狂乱的货车,有时遇到狂乱的人。尊者,那时我对世尊的忆念就忘失了,对法的忆念就忘失了,对僧的忆念就忘失了。尊者,那时我心里这样想:如果我此刻死去,我的趣向是什么?我的来世会怎样?”尊者,就在这件事上,世尊说了“玛哈那玛,不要害怕!玛哈那玛,不要害怕!你的死不会是恶死,你的命终不会是恶终”等这样的话。
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme mahānāmaṃ sakkaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Mahānāmo bhante sakko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘idaṃ bhante kapilavatthu iddhañceva phītañca bāhujaññaṃ ākiṇṇamanussaṃ sambādhabyūhaṃ, so khvāhaṃ bhante bhagavantaṃ vā payirupāsitvā manobhāvanīye vā bhikkhū sāyanhasamayaṃ kapilavatthuṃ pavisanto bhantenapi hatthinā samāgacchāmi, bhantenapi assena samāgacchāmi, bhantenapi rathena samāgacchāmi, bhantenapi sakaṭena samāgacchāmi, bhantenapi purisena samāgacchāmi, tassa mayhaṃ bhante tasmiṃ samaye mussateva bhagavantaṃ ārabbha sati, mussati dhammaṃ ārabbha sati, mussati saṅghaṃ ārabbha sati, tassa mayhaṃ bhante evaṃ hoti imamhi cāhaṃ samaye kālaṃ kareyyaṃ, kā mayhaṃ gati, ko abhisamparāyo’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘mā bhāyi mahānāma, mā bhāyi mahānāma, apāpakaṃ te maraṇaṃ bhavissati apāpikā kālaṃ kiriyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
第二皈依利益经
Dutiya saraṇānisakkasutta
问:贤友,就在那里,结集诸法的诸位大长老所作的第五部结集中,《第二萨拉那尼释氏经》是世尊在何处、针对谁、以什么因缘、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi pañcamaṃ saṃgītaṃ dutiyasaraṇānisakkasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
解答:尊者,这是在释迦国的迦毗罗卫城榕树园中,针对释迦族的玛哈那玛而说的。
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme mahānāmaṃyeva sakkaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,释迦族人玛哈那玛对世尊这样说:“尊者,这里有个叫萨拉那尼的释迦族人死了,世尊授记他说:‘他是入流者,不会堕入恶趣,必定趣向正觉。’可是尊者,很多释迦族人聚在一起,抱怨、不满、非难说:‘真是稀奇啊,诸位!真是奇妙啊!
Mahānāmo bhante sakko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘idha bhante saraṇāni sakko kālaṅkato, so bhagavatā byākato ‘sotāpanno avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’ti. Tatra sudaṃ bhante sambahulā sakkā saṅgamma samāgamma ujjhāyanti khīyanti vipācenti ‘acchariyaṃ vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata
贤友们,现在这里谁不会成为入流者呢?因为那位名叫萨拉那尼的释迦族人已经去世了,世尊却对他授记说:“他是入流者,无堕处性,必定至正觉彼岸。”可这位萨拉那尼释迦族人,戒学并没有圆满。’尊者,关于这件事,世尊用‘玛哈那玛,那位长久以来皈依佛、皈依法、皈依僧的近事男,他怎么会堕入恶趣呢?’这样等话作了开示。”
Bho , ettha dāni ko na sotāpanno bhavissati, yatra hi nāma saraṇāni sakko kālaṅkato, so bhagavatā byākato ‘sotāpanno avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’ti, saraṇāni sakko sikkhāya aparipūrakārī ahosī’’ti tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yo so mahānāma dīgharattaṃ upāsako buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, so kathaṃ vinipātaṃ gaccheyyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
第一给孤独经
Paṭhama anāthapiṇḍikasutta
问:贤友,就在那里,由过去那些结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第六次结集里的《第一给孤独经》,是在哪里、关于谁、以什么为事由、由谁、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi chaṭṭhaṃ saṃgītaṃ paṭhamaanāthapiṇḍikasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
声明:尊者,这是法将舍利弗长老在舍卫城针对给孤独居士所说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
具寿舍利弗长老由具寿阿难长老作为随行沙弥陪同,一起前往给孤独居士的住处。到了之后,坐在已经铺好的座位上。坐定后,具寿舍利弗对患病、痛苦、病重的给孤独居士这样说:“居士,你能忍受吗?还能撑得住吗?那些苦受是在消退,而不是在加重吗?看得出在消退,而不是在加重吗?”
“尊者,我忍受不了,也撑不住。我那些剧烈的苦受在加重,不是在消退。看得出在加重,而不是在消退。”尊者,就在这件事上,法将具寿舍利弗长老说了这样的话:“居士,就像一个对佛没有净信、没有听闻正法的凡夫,身体坏散、命终之后,会投生到恶趣、恶道、堕落处、地狱。但你对佛并没有那样的无净信。居士,你对佛确实有不动摇的净信:‘那位世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者……世尊。’当你这样观察自己内心对佛的这种净信时,那些受就会即刻平息。”
Āyasmā bhbhante sāriputtatthero āyasmatā ānandattherena pacchāsamaṇena saddhiṃ yena anāthapiṇḍikassa gahapatissa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi, nisajja kho āyasmā sāriputto anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ ābādhikaṃ dukkhitaṃ bāḷhagilānaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kacci te gahapati khamanīyaṃ kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti, no abhikkamanti, paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no abhikkamo’’ti, na me bhante khamanīyaṃ, na yāpanīyaṃ, bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti, abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamoti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yathā rūpena kho gahapati buddhe appasādena samannāgato assutavā puthujjano kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ niyaraṃ upapajjati tathārūpo te buddhe appasādo natthi, atthi ca kho te gahapati buddhe aveccappasādo ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho…pe… bhagavā’ti tañca pana te buddhe aveccappasādaṃ attani samanupassato ṭhānaso vedanā paṭippassambheyyā’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
如果有人对如来的信心不动摇、稳稳扎根,
其戒行善妙,为圣者所喜爱、所称叹;
如果有人对僧团有净信,并且具备正直的见解;
人们称他为不贫穷的人,他的生命没有白过。
是故智者当勤修信、戒、净信与见法,
念念忆持佛陀之教诫。
Yassa saddhā tathāgate, acalā suppatiṭṭhitā; Sīlañca yassa kalyāṇaṃ, ariyakantaṃ pasaṃsitaṃ. Saṅghe pasādo yassatthi, ujubhūtañca dassanaṃ; Adaliddoti taṃ āhu, amoghaṃ tassa jīvitaṃ. Tasmā saddhañca sīlañca, pasādaṃ dhammadassanaṃ; Anuyuñjetha medhāvī, saraṃ buddhānasāsanaṃ.