问:各位尊者,在《觉支相应》中,由过去那些结集佛法的大长老们诵集为第六经的《昆达离亚经》,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事缘、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – bojjhaṅgasaṃyutte panāvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi chaṭṭhaṃ saṃgītaṃ kuṇḍaliyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答——尊者,这是世尊在娑鸡帝城的安阇那林鹿野苑,因游方者昆达离亚而说的。尊者,游方者昆达离亚来到世尊面前,这样说:“乔达摩贤者,我是依止僧园而住、随众而行的。乔达摩贤者,我吃过早餐、餐后,有这样的习惯:从一个僧园走到另一个僧园,从一个园林走到另一个园林,来回经行、游逛。在那里,我看到一些沙门、婆罗门,他们谈论时,以从争论中得解脱为好处,也以责难为好处。可是,乔达摩贤者,您是以什么为好处而安住呢?”尊者,就在这个因缘上,世尊这样开示:“昆达离亚,如来是以明与解脱之果为好处而安住的。”等等。
Vissajjanā – sākete bhante añjanavane migadāye kuṇḍaliyaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Kuṇḍaliyo bhante paribbājako bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘ahamasmi bho gotama ārāmanissayī parisāvacaro, tassa mayhaṃ bho gotama pacchābhattaṃ bhuttapātarāsassa ayamācāro hoti ārāmena ārāmaṃ uyyānena uyyānaṃ anucaṅkamāmi anuvicarāmi, so tattha passāmi eke samaṇabrāhmaṇe itivādappamokkhānisaṃsañceva kathaṃ kathante upārambhānisaṃsañca, bhavaṃ pana gotamo kimānisaṃso viharatī’’ti etaṃ vacanaṃ avoca. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘vijjāvimuttiphalānisaṃso kho kuṇḍaliya tathāgato viharatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
第一病经
Paṭhama gilānasutta
问:尊者,那位世尊、知者……(中略)……正自觉者,在《觉支相应》第二《病品》中的第一《病经》,是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为背景、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavvatā jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena bojjhaṅgasaṃyutte dutiye gilānavagge paṭhamagilānasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答——尊者,这是在王舍城毕钵离窟,围绕尊者大迦叶长老所说的。尊者,大迦叶长老住在毕钵离窟,身患疾病,痛苦不堪,病势沉重。那时,尊者,世尊在傍晚时分从独处静坐中起身,前往尊者大迦叶那里。到了之后,在铺好的座位上坐下。坐下后,世尊对尊者大迦叶这样说:“迦叶,你还能忍受吗?还能撑得住吗?那些痛苦的感受是在减退,而不是在加重吗?能看出它们在减退,而不是在加重吗?”
“尊者,我忍受不了,也撑不住了。我那些剧烈的痛苦感受正在加重,而不是在减退。只看出在加重,看不出在减退。”尊者,就是围绕这件事,世尊说了“迦叶,这七觉支是我正确宣说的,如果修习、反复修习,就能导向证智、正觉、涅槃”等等这些话。
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante pippaliguhāyaṃ āyasmantaṃ mahākassapattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante mahākassapatthero pippaliguhāyaṃ viharati ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho bhante bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi, nisajja kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca– ‘‘kacci te kassapa khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti no abhikkamanti, paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no abhikkamoti. Na me bhante khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ, bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti no paṭikkamanti, abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamo’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘sattime kassapa bojjhaṅgā mayā sammadakkhātā bhāvitā bahulīkatā abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattantī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,就在这第三伍达义品里,由古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第十部经——伍达义经,是世尊在哪里、以谁为所缘、因什么事、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso tatiye udāyivagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ udāyisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
解答:尊者,在孙跋地区的塞达迦村,以具寿伍达义长老为缘而说。具寿伍达义长老来到世尊跟前,说了这样的话:“真是稀有啊,尊者!真是未曾有啊,尊者!我对世尊的爱敬、恭敬、惭与愧,竟是如此深厚……”等等。世尊就这件事说:“萨度,萨度,伍达义!伍达义,这确实是你的道。此道若为你所修习、多修习,当你如此安住时,它将引你到达如实之境,使你了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不受后有。’”世尊就是这样说的。
Vissajjanā – sumbhesu bhante setakenāma sumbhānaṃ nigame āyasmantaṃ udāyittheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante udāyitthero bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘acchariyaṃ bhante, abbhutaṃ bhante, yāva bahukatañca me bhante bhagavati pemañca gāravo ca hirī ca ottappañcāti evamādikaṃ vacanaṃ avoca. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘sādhu sādhu udāyi eso hi te udāyi maggo paṭiladdho. Yo te bhāvito bahulīkato, tathā tathā viharantaṃ tathattāya upanessati, yathā tvaṃ ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānissatī’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.