转轮王经
Cakkavattirājasutta
问:贤友,在《入流相应》中,古时结集法藏的诸位大长老最初结集的《转轮王经》,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – sotāpattisaṃyutte āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ cakkavattirājasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这是在舍卫城,针对众多比丘而说的:“比丘们,转轮王虽然统辖四大洲,掌握主权,行使王权,但身体毁坏、死后会投生到善趣天界,与三十三天众共住,在难陀园中被天女众围绕,享受五种天界欲乐。可是,如果他还不具备四种法,那么他仍然没有脱离地狱,没有脱离畜生道,没有脱离饿鬼界,没有脱离恶趣、苦处、堕落之处。”尊者,世尊所说的就是这类话。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘kiñcāpi bhikkhave rājā cakkavattī catunnaṃ dīpānaṃ issariyādhipaccaṃ rajjaṃ kāretvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sahabyataṃ, so tattha nandane vane accharāsaṅghaparivuto dibbehi ca pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti so catūhi dhammehi asamannāgato, atha kho so aparimuttova nirayā, aparimutto tiracchānayoniyā, aparimutto pettivisayā, aparimutto apāyaduggativinipātā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
长生童子近事男经
Dīghāvu upāsakasutta
问:贤友,就在那里,由过去结集法藏的大长老们编入第三次结集的《长生童子近事男经》,是世尊在何处、关于谁、以什么为因由、又是怎样开示的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ dīghāvuupāsakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这是在王舍城,针对近事男长生童子所说的。尊者,世尊对患病、痛苦、重病的近事男长生童子这样说:“长生童子,你还能忍受吗?还能撑得住吗?那些苦受是在消退,而不是在加重吗?能看出它们在消退,而不是在加重吗?” “尊者,我忍受不了,撑不住了,我那些剧烈的苦受在加重,不是在消退,能看出它们在加重,不是在消退。” 尊者,就在那个事由上,世尊这样说:“因此,长生童子,你应当这样学:我要对佛具备不动摇的净信。”
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante dīghāvuṃ upāsakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhagavā bhante dīghāvuṃ upāsakaṃ ābādhikaṃ dukkhitaṃ bāḷhagilānaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kacci te dīghāvu khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti no abhikkamanti, paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no abhikkamo’’ti. Na me bhante khamanīyaṃ, na yāpanīyaṃ bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti no paṭikkamanti, abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamoti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘tasmātiha te dīghāvu evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato bhavissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,世尊所宣说的这四种入流支,这些法确实在我身上存在——
Yānimāni bhante bhagavatā cattāri sotāpattiyaṅgāni desitāni, saṃvijjante te dhammā mayi–
所以,长生童子,你应当安住在这四个入流支上,进一步修习六种属于明的法——
Tasmātiha tvaṃ dīghāvu imesu catūsu sotāpattiyaṅgesu patiṭṭhāya cha vijjābhāgiye dhamme uttari bhāveyyāsi–
孩子,长生童子,别这么想。
Mā tvaṃ tāta dīghāvu evaṃ manasākāsi.
来吧,孩子长生童子,世尊对你说了什么,你就要好好用心记住。
Iṅgha tvaṃ tāta dīghāvu yadeva te bhagavā āha, tadeva tvaṃ sādhukaṃ manasikarohi.
比丘们,居士长生童子是个有智慧的人。
Paṇḍito bhikkhave dīghāvu upāsako.
他依照法去实践了。
Paccapādi dhammassānudhammaṃ.
他也没有因为法义上的争执来为难我。
Na ca maṃ dhammādhikaraṇaṃ viheṭhesi.
比丘们,居士长生童子因为彻底断尽了五种下分结,所以成为化生者,在那里般涅槃,不再从那个世间返回。
Dīghāvu bhikkhave upāsako pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā.
问:贤友,那位世尊……正自觉者所说的、收在《入流相应》里的第七部经《竹门经》,是在哪里说的?为谁说?以什么为因缘?又是怎么说的?
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena sotāpattisaṃyutte sattamaṃ saṃgītaṃ veḷudvāreyyasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这是针对憍萨罗国一个叫竹门的憍萨罗婆罗门村中、竹门城的婆罗门居士们所说的。
Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante veḷudvāre nāma kosalānaṃ brāhmaṇa gāme veḷudvāreyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,竹门城的婆罗门和居士们对世尊这样说:“乔达摩贤者,我们怀着这样的愿望、这样的欲求、这样的志向:我们想住在子女拥挤的床榻上……想受用金银;身坏命终之后,想往生善趣天界。乔达摩贤者,请您为怀着这样愿望、这样欲求、这样志向的我们说法,让我们能住在子女拥挤的床榻上……身坏命终之后往生善趣天界。”尊者,就在这件事上,世尊这样说:“居士们,我要为你们开示自通之法门。你们要听,要好好作意,我要说了。”
Veḷudvāreyyakā bhante brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ ‘‘mayaṃ bho gotama evaṃkāmā evaṃchandā evaṃadhippāyā puttasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvaseyyāma…pe… jātarūparajataṃ sādiyeyyāma, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyāma, tesaṃ no bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ evaṃkāmānaṃ evaṃchandānaṃ evaṃadhippāyānaṃ tathā dammaṃ desetu, yathā mayaṃ puttasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvaseyyāma…pe… kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyāmā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘attūpanāyikaṃ vo gahapatayo dhammapariyāyaṃ desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.