大品相应经
Mahāvaggasaṃyuttapāḷi
问——尊者,在大品相应中,由诸长老法集者在第二次结集时所结集的《半经》,是世尊于何处、缘何人、以何事、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – mahāvaggasaṃyutte panāvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dutiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ upaḍḍhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者,在释迦族一个名为萨迦罗的聚落中,缘阿难尊者而说。尊者,阿难尊者曾对世尊这样说:‘尊者,这梵行的一半,即是善友、善伴、善随从。’尊者,就此因缘,世尊说:‘阿难,莫作是说,阿难,莫作是说。阿难,这完整的梵行,即是善友、善伴、善随从。’等。
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante sakkare nāma sakyānaṃ nigame āyasmantaṃ ānandattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante ānandatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘upaḍḍhamidaṃ bhante brahmacariyaṃ yadidaṃ kalyāṇamittatā kalyāṇasahāyatā kalyāṇasampavaṅkatā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘mā hevaṃ ānanda, mā hevaṃ ānanda, sakalamevidaṃ ānanda brahmacariyaṃ yadidaṃ kalyāṇamittatā kalyāṇasahāyatā kalyāṇasampavaṅkatā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
阿难,众生正是以我为善友,依止于我,才得以从生中解脱。
Mamaṃ hi ānanda kalyāṇamittaṃ āgamma jātidhammā sattā jātiyā parimuccanti.
觉支相应
Bojjhaṅgasaṃyutta
昆达利亚经
Kuṇḍaliyasutta
问:尊者,觉支相应中,由诸法集大长老于第六次结集所集的《孔达利亚经》,是世尊于何处、缘何人、以何事、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – bojjhaṅgasaṃyutte panāvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi chaṭṭhaṃ saṃgītaṃ kuṇḍaliyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者,这是在萨盖德的安阇那林鹿野苑,缘游方者昆达利亚所说。尊者,游方者昆达利亚来到世尊前,说道:“乔达摩尊者,我常依止僧园,随众而行。乔达摩尊者,我于午后食毕,有如是习惯:从一僧园至另一僧园,从一苑囿至另一苑囿,漫步游历。在那里,我见诸沙门、婆罗门,或谈论以论说为解脱之利益,或谈论以论说为呵责之利益。然而,乔达摩尊者,您是以何为利益而住呢?”尊者,就此因缘,世尊开示:“昆达利亚,如来是以明与解脱之果为其利益而住。”等等。
Vissajjanā – sākete bhante añjanavane migadāye kuṇḍaliyaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Kuṇḍaliyo bhante paribbājako bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘ahamasmi bho gotama ārāmanissayī parisāvacaro, tassa mayhaṃ bho gotama pacchābhattaṃ bhuttapātarāsassa ayamācāro hoti ārāmena ārāmaṃ uyyānena uyyānaṃ anucaṅkamāmi anuvicarāmi, so tattha passāmi eke samaṇabrāhmaṇe itivādappamokkhānisaṃsañceva kathaṃ kathante upārambhānisaṃsañca, bhavaṃ pana gotamo kimānisaṃso viharatī’’ti etaṃ vacanaṃ avoca. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘vijjāvimuttiphalānisaṃso kho kuṇḍaliya tathāgato viharatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
第一病经
Paṭhama gilānasutta
问——尊者,彼世尊、知者……(略)……正自觉者,在《觉支相应》的第二《病品》中,第一《病经》,是在何处、缘何人、依何事、以何种方式宣说的?
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavvatā jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena bojjhaṅgasaṃyutte dutiye gilānavagge paṭhamagilānasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者,这是在王舍城毕钵离窟,缘尊者大迦叶长老所说。尊者,大迦叶长老住在毕钵离窟,身染疾病,多有苦痛,病势沉重。那时,尊者,世尊于傍晚时分,从宴坐处起身,前往尊者大迦叶所在之处。到后,在敷设的座位上坐下。坐定后,世尊对尊者大迦叶说:“迦叶,你身体可还堪忍?可还安住?痛苦的感受是减退而不是加剧了吗?可见减退而非加剧的迹象吗?”“尊者,我难以堪忍,不能安住,我剧烈的痛苦感受正在加剧而不是减退,只见加剧,不见减退。”尊者,以此事为缘,世尊说:“迦叶,此七觉支由我善说,若能修习、多修习,则能导向证智、正觉、涅槃。”以如这些方式,为世尊所说。
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante pippaliguhāyaṃ āyasmantaṃ mahākassapattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante mahākassapatthero pippaliguhāyaṃ viharati ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho bhante bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi, nisajja kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca– ‘‘kacci te kassapa khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti no abhikkamanti, paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no abhikkamoti. Na me bhante khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ, bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti no paṭikkamanti, abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamo’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘sattime kassapa bojjhaṅgā mayā sammadakkhātā bhāvitā bahulīkatā abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattantī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,于第三优陀夷品中,由古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第十部经——《优陀夷经》,是世尊在何处、以谁为缘、因何因缘、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso tatiye udāyivagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ udāyisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
解答:尊者,在苏姆跋国一个名为塞达迦的苏姆跋人聚落,以具寿优陀夷长老为缘而说。具寿优陀夷长老来到世尊跟前,说出了这样的话:‘真是殊胜稀有啊,尊者!我对世尊的爱戴、恭敬、惭与愧,竟是如此深厚……’等等。以此事为缘,世尊说:‘善哉,善哉,优陀夷!优陀夷,那确是你的行道。你已对此道修习、多修习,当你如此安住时,它将导向如实的状态,即你将了知:“生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不受后有。”’世尊如是说。
Vissajjanā – sumbhesu bhante setakenāma sumbhānaṃ nigame āyasmantaṃ udāyittheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante udāyitthero bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘acchariyaṃ bhante, abbhutaṃ bhante, yāva bahukatañca me bhante bhagavati pemañca gāravo ca hirī ca ottappañcāti evamādikaṃ vacanaṃ avoca. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘sādhu sādhu udāyi eso hi te udāyi maggo paṭiladdho. Yo te bhāvito bahulīkato, tathā tathā viharantaṃ tathattāya upanessati, yathā tvaṃ ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānissatī’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
念处相应
Satipaṭṭhānasaṃyutta
问:贤友,关于〈念处相应〉中,由古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第二部《念经》,世尊在何处、以谁为缘、如何宣说?
Pucchā – satipaṭṭhānasaṃyutte āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhaka mahātherehi dutiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ satisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ kārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
解答:尊者,在毘舍离的菴婆巴利林中,世尊因众多比丘之缘,如是教诫道:“比丘们,比丘应具念、正知而住,这是我对你们的教诫。”
Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante ambapālivane sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘sato bhikkhave bhikkhu vihareyya sampajāno ayaṃ vo amhākaṃ anusāsanī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,还是在那裡,由古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第四部《沙罗经》,世尊在何处、以谁为缘、如何宣说?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi catutthaṃ saṃgītaṃ sālasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
解答:尊者,在憍萨罗国名为沙罗的憍萨罗人婆罗门村,世尊以众多比丘为缘,曾这样说:‘比丘们,那些新出家、刚来到此法与律不久的比丘,你们应当劝勉他们、引导他们、令他们安住于四念处的修习。’如这些语,为世尊所说。
Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante sālāyanāma kesalānaṃ brāhmaṇagāme sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘ye te bhikkhave bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, te vo bhikkhave bhikkhū catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvanāya samādapetabbā nivesetabbā patiṭṭhāpetabbā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:尊者,在此处,先前的结集法藏大长老们进行了第六次结集,《鹞鹰经》是世尊在何处、针对何人、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi chaṭṭhaṃ saṃgītaṃ sakuṇagghisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答复:尊者,在舍卫城,针对众多比丘,世尊这样说:‘诸比丘,过去有一只鹞鹰突然扑向鹌鹑鸟,将它抓住。那时,诸比丘,鹌鹑鸟在被鹞鹰抓走时,这样悲叹道:“我们真是无福,我们真是少福,因为我们走到了不该去的领域、别人的地盘。如果今天我们走在自己的领域、父祖相传的地盘,这只鹞鹰在我面前根本算不上对手。”’如这些语,为世尊所说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ bhikkhave sakuṇagghi lāpaṃ sakuṇaṃ sahasā ajjhappattā aggahesi. Atha kho bhikkhave lāpo sakuṇo sakuṇagghiyā hariyamāno evaṃ paridevasi mayamevamha alakkhikā, mayaṃ appapuññā, ye mayaṃ agocare carimha paravisaye, sacejja mayaṃ gocare careyyāma sake pettike visaye, na myāhaṃ sakuṇagghi alaṃ abhavissa yadidaṃ yuddhāyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
我们真是无福,我们真是缺少福报。
Mayamevamha alakkhikā, mayaṃ appapuññā.
那么,鹌鹑,你的行境——你自己父祖相传的领域,是什么?
Ko pana te lāpa gocaro sako pettiko visayo.
那就是犁头翻耕、土块翻起之处。
Yadidaṃ naṅgalakaṭṭhakaraṇaṃ leḍḍuṭṭhānaṃ.
来吧,鹞鹰,现在就来抓我;来吧,鹞鹰,现在就来抓我。
Ehi kho dāni me sakuṇagghi, ehi kho dāni me sakuṇagghi,
(犹如木球一般回转,就在那土块之间现身。义注)
(Dāruguḷoviya vinivattitvā tasseva leḍḍussa antare paccupādi. Aṭṭhakathā)
诸比丘,确实如此,凡行于非己行境、他方领域者,便会有这样的结果。
Evañhi taṃ bhikkhave hoti yo agocare carati paravisaye.
因此,诸比丘,你们不应行于不当行境、他方领域。
Tasmātiha bhikkhave mā agocare carittha paravisaye.
诸比丘,你们应行于自己的行境、父祖相传的领域。
Gocare bhikkhave caratha sake pettike visaye.
诸比丘,对于行于自己行境、父祖相传领域者,魔王将得不到入口,魔王将得不到执取之缘。
Gocare bhikkhave carataṃ sake pettike visaye na lacchati māro otāraṃ, na lacchati māro ārammaṇaṃ.
比丘尼住处经
Bhikkhunupassayasutta
问:朋友,这第十经《比丘尼住处经》,即古时结集法藏大长老们所结集者,是世尊在何处、针对谁、以何事为因缘、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ bhikkhunupassayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,是在舍卫城,针对具寿阿难长老而说。尊者,具寿阿难将与比丘尼们的所有交谈与言论都向世尊报告;尊者,正是以此事为因缘,世尊宣说:“正是如此,阿难!正是如此,阿难!阿难,任何比丘或比丘尼,若能以心善住于四念处而住,则可预期他了知‘前后有殊胜的差别’。”
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ ānandattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante ānando yāvattako ahosi bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘evametaṃ ānanda, evametaṃ ānanda, yohi koci ānanda bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu suppatiṭṭhitacitto viharati, tassetaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ uḷāraṃ pubbenāparaṃ visesaṃ sañjānissatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:朋友,这第三经《纯陀经》,即古时结集法藏大长老们在第二《那烂陀品》中所结集者,是世尊在何处、针对谁、以何事为因缘、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dutiye nālandavagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ cundasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,这是在舍卫城,针对具寿阿难长老而说。那时,具寿阿难长老与沙弥纯陀一同前往世尊的住处。到了之后,顶礼世尊,退坐一面。退坐一面已,具寿阿难白世尊言:“尊者,这位沙弥纯陀这样说:‘尊者,具寿舍利弗已般涅槃,这是他的钵和衣。’尊者,我听到‘具寿舍利弗已般涅槃’后,身体仿佛瘫软如蜜,方向也不能分辨,法也不现在前。”尊者,以此因缘,世尊宣说了如下话语:“阿难,难道舍利弗带走了你的戒蕴而般涅槃吗?还是带走了定蕴、慧蕴、解脱蕴、解脱知见蕴而般涅槃?”等等。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃyeva ānandattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante ānandatthero cundena samaṇuddesena saddhiṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho bhante āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ayaṃ bhante cundo samaṇuddeso evamāha ‘āyasmā bhante sāriputto parinibbuto, idamassa pattacīvara’nti. Api ca me bhante madhurakajāto viya kāyo, disāpi me na pakkhāyanti, dhammāpi maṃ nappaṭibhanti ‘āyasmā sāriputto parinibbuto’ti sutvā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘kiṃ nu kho te ānanda sāriputto sīlakkhandhaṃ vā ādāya parinibbuto, samādhikkhandhaṃ vā, paññākkhandhaṃvā, vimuttikkhandhaṃvā, vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhaṃ vā ādāya parinibbuto’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,这位沙弥纯陀这样说。
Ayaṃ bhante cundosamaṇuddeso evamāha.
因此,阿难,你们要以自己为洲,以自己为皈依,不以其他为皈依;以法为洲,以法为皈依,不以其他为皈依而安住。
Tasmātihānanda attadīpā viharatha attasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā dhammadīpā dhammasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā.
问:贤友,就在这里,古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第五经《婆醯迦经》,是世尊在何处、针对何人、以何事为因缘、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi pañcamaṃ saṃgītaṃ bāhiyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,是在舍卫城,针对具寿婆醯迦而说。尊者,具寿婆醯迦对世尊这样说:“尊者,善哉!愿世尊为我简要开示法,我听闻世尊的法后,将独自远离,不放逸,精勤,坚定而住。”尊者,即以那事为因缘,世尊宣说了:“因此,婆醯迦,你应在善法中从最初就清净。什么是善法的最初?即极清净的戒与正直的见。”等等。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ bāhiyaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante bāhiyo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sādhu me bhante bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘tasmātiha tvaṃ bāhiya ādimeva visodhehi kusalesu dhammesu. Ko cādikusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ, sīlañca suvisuddhaṃ diṭṭhica ujukā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:尊者,在第三品“戒住品”中,往昔结集法藏的大长老们在第二次结集时所结集的《久住经》,是在何处、针对谁、以何事为因缘、由谁、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso tatiye sīlaṭṭhitivagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dutiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ ciraṭṭhitisuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,是在华氏城,针对跋陀尊者,由持法藏者阿难长老宣说的。跋陀尊者在傍晚时分从独处禅修中起身,前往阿难尊者处,到达后对阿难尊者这样说:“阿难贤友,是什么因、什么缘,使得如来般涅槃后正法不能久住?又是什么因、什么缘,使得如来般涅槃后正法能够久住?”就在这件事上,持法藏者阿难长老以“善哉善哉,跋陀贤友,跋陀贤友,你的洞察真是妙极了”等语开始为其宣说。
Vissajjanā – pāṭaliputte bhante āyasmantaṃ bhaddaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante bhaddo sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho āvuso ānanda hetu ko paccayo, yena tathāgate parinibbute saddhammo na ciraṭṭhitiko hoti, ko panāvuso ānanda hetu ko paccayo, yena tathāgate parinibbute saddhammo ciraṭṭhitiko hotī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘sādhu sādhu āvuso bhadda, bhaddako kho te āvuso bhadda ummaṅgo’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ.
跋陀贤友,你的洞察真是妙极了。
Bhaddako te āvuso bhadda ummaṅgo.
贤友,因未修习、未多修习四念处,如来般涅槃后,正法便不能久住。
‘‘Catunnaṃ kho āvuso satipaṭṭhānānaṃ abhāvitattā abahulīkatattā tathāgate parinibbute saddhammo na ciraṭṭhitiko hotī’’ –
吉祥增长经
Sirivaḍḍhasutta
问:尊者,在世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者的教法集要——《大品》中,《念处相应》的《戒住品》第九《吉祥增长经》,是在何处、针对何人、以何事为因缘、由谁、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tassāvuso bhagavatā arahato sammāsambuddhassa pāvacanasamudayabhūtāya mahāvaggapāḷiyā satipaṭṭhānasaṃyutte sīlaṭṭhitivagge navamaṃ sirivaḍḍhasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,此是在王舍城,针对吉祥增长居士,由持法藏阿难尊者所宣说。尊者,吉祥增长居士患病、痛苦、病重。那时,具寿阿难前往吉祥增长居士的住处,到达后,在敷设的座位上坐下。坐已,具寿阿难对吉祥增长居士说:“居士,你是否能忍受?是否能支持?你的苦受是在减退还是加剧?是否看出减退而非加剧?”(居士答:)“尊者,我不能忍受,不能支持,我的苦受剧烈,在加剧而非减退,只见加剧不见减退。”尊者,就此事,(阿难尊者说:)“居士,因此你应如是学:‘我当于身随观身而住,精勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪忧。于受……于心……于法随观法而住,精勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪忧。’居士,你应如是学。”持法藏阿难尊者即如此宣说。
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sirivaḍḍhaṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ. Sirivaḍḍho bhante gahapati ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Athakho bhante āyasmā ānando yenasirivaḍḍhassa gahapatissa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi . Nisajja kho āyasmā ānando sirivaḍḍhaṃ gahapatiṃ etadavoca ‘‘kacci te gahapati khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti no abhikkamanti, paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no abhikkamo’’ti. Na me bhante khamanīyaṃ, na yāpanīyaṃ, bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti no paṭikkamanti, abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamo’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘tasmātiha te gahapati evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ ‘kāye kāyānupassī viharissāmi ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhā domanassaṃ. Vedanāsu. Citte. Dhammesu dhammānupassī viharissāmi ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhā domanassa’nti. Evañhi te gahapati sikkhitabba’’nti. Evaṃ kho āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ.
神足相应
Iddhipādasaṃyutta
目犍连经
Moggallānasutta
问:贤友,在《神足相应》中,第四《目犍连经》是世尊于何处、针对何人、以何事为因缘、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – iddhipādasaṃyutte āvuso catutthaṃ moggallānasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,是在舍卫城,针对众多比丘宣说的。尊者,众多比丘住在鹿母讲堂的下层,他们掉举、傲慢、轻浮、饶舌、言语散乱、失念、不正知、心不专注、心神散乱、根门不护。尊者,就在这件事上,具寿大目犍连使那些比丘生起悚惧后,世尊便以“诸比丘,你们为何悚惧、毛发竖立,站在一边?”等语开始宣说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Sambahulā bhante bhikkhū heṭṭhāmigāramātupāsāde viharanti uddhatā unnaḷā capalā mukharā vikiṇṇavācā muṭṭhassatino asampajānā asamāhitā bhantacittā pākatindriyā. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ te bhikkhū saṃvejetvā ‘‘kiṃ nu tumhe bhikkhave saṃviggā lomahaṭṭhajātā ekamantaṃ ṭhitā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
真是殊胜啊!真是不可思议啊!
Acchariyaṃ vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho.
真是风平浪静啊。
Nivātañca vata.
而且这座鹿母讲堂地基深固。
Ayañca migāramātupāsādo gambhīranemo.
比丘们,正是目犍连比丘欲令你们生起悚惧感,以脚趾使鹿母讲堂震动、剧烈震动、彻底动摇。
Tumheva kho bhikkhave saṃvejetukāmena moggallānena bhikkhunā pādaṅguṭṭhakena migāramātupāsādo saṅkampito sampakampito sampadhālito.
比丘们,你们认为如何?修习、广修哪些法,令目犍连比丘具有如此大神通、如此大威力?
Taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamesaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā moggallāno bhikkhu evaṃ mahiddhiko evaṃ mahānubhāvo.
阿那律相应。
Anuruddhasaṃyutta
重病经
Bāḷhagilānasutta
问:贤友们,收录于《阿那律相应》中,由结集法藏的古老尊者们所结集的第十部经——《重病经》,是世尊在何处、对何人、以什么事为缘、如何而宣说的?
Pucchā – anuruddhasaṃyutte āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ bāḷhaginānasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,此经于舍卫城,因众多比丘之缘,由具寿阿那律长老宣说。尊者,当时众多比丘前往探视生病、痛苦、身患重病的具寿阿那律,对他这样说道:“具寿阿那律是依何种住法而住,使得已生起的身苦受不能夺其心而住的?”具寿阿那律长老便以“贤友们,我因心善住于四念处而住,故已生起的身苦受不能夺心而住”等语句为其解说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha āyasmatā anuruddhattherena bhāsitaṃ. Sambahulā bhante bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ ābādhikaṃ dukkhitaṃ bāḷhagilānaṃ etadavocuṃ ‘‘katamenāyasmato anuruddhassa vihārena viharato uppannā sārīrikā dukkhā vedanā cittaṃ na pariyādāya tiṭṭhantī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘catūsu kho me āvuso satipaṭṭhānesu suppatiṭṭhitacittassa viharato uppannā sārīrikā dukkhā vedanā cittaṃ na pariyādāya tiṭṭhantī’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā anuruddhattherena bhāsitaṃ.
《入出息念相应》
Ānāpānasaṃyutta
玛哈咖毕那经
Mahākappinasutta
问:贤友,在《入出息念相应》中,由古代结集法藏的长老们所结集的第七经《摩诃劫宾那经》,世尊是于何处、针对何人、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – ānāpānasaṃyutte āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi sattamaṃ saṃgītaṃ mahākappinasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,在舍卫城,针对众多比丘,世尊以“比丘们,你们是否看见那位比丘身体的移动或颤动?”等语宣说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘passatha no tumhe bhikkhave etassa bhikkhuno kāyassa iñjitattaṃ vā phanditabbaṃ vā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
伊差难嘎喇经
Icchānaṅgalasutta
问:贤友,同样地,在第二品中,第一篇《伊差难嘎喇经》,世尊是于何处、针对何人、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dutiyavagge paṭhamaṃ icchānaṅgalasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,世尊在伊差难嘎喇,就众多比丘这样开示:“比丘们,如果外道游方者这样问你们:‘贤友,沙门乔达摩在雨安居期间,多依何种住法而住?’你们被这样问时,比丘们,应当这样回答那些外道游方者:‘贤友,世尊在雨安居期间,多依入出息念正定而住。’”尊者,世尊作了这样的开示。
Vissajjanā – icchānaṅgale bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘sace kho bhikkhave aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ puccheyyuṃ ‘katame nāvuso vihārena samaṇo gotamo vassāvāsaṃ bahulaṃ vihāsī’ti. Evaṃ puṭṭhā tumhe bhikkhave tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ evaṃ byākareyyātha ānāpānassatisamādhinā kho āvuso bhagavā vassāvāsaṃ bahulaṃ vihāsī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
入流相应
Sotāpattisaṃyutta
转轮王经
Cakkavattirājasutta
问:尊者,在《入流相应》中,由古时结集法藏的诸大长老结集为第一篇的《转轮王经》,世尊是在何处、对谁、以怎样的方式宣说的?
Pucchā – sotāpattisaṃyutte āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ cakkavattirājasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:“尊者,此是于舍卫城,以众多比丘为缘而开示的:‘比丘们,转轮王虽以自在威权统御四大洲,行使王权,身坏命终后往生善趣天界,与三十三天共住,在难陀园中为天女众所环绕,享受五种天妙欲,然而若未具足四法,则仍未脱离地狱、未脱离畜生道、未脱离饿鬼界、未脱离恶趣苦处。’尊者,世尊所作的开示如这些。”
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘kiñcāpi bhikkhave rājā cakkavattī catunnaṃ dīpānaṃ issariyādhipaccaṃ rajjaṃ kāretvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sahabyataṃ, so tattha nandane vane accharāsaṅghaparivuto dibbehi ca pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti so catūhi dhammehi asamannāgato, atha kho so aparimuttova nirayā, aparimutto tiracchānayoniyā, aparimutto pettivisayā, aparimutto apāyaduggativinipātā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
谛哥伍优婆塞经
Dīghāvu upāsakasutta
问曰:“同样地,尊者,由往昔结集法藏的大长老们结入第三品的《谛哥伍优婆塞经》,是世尊在何处、对何人、因何事缘、如何开示的呢?”
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ dīghāvuupāsakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:“尊者,此是在王舍城,以优婆塞谛哥伍为缘而开示的。尊者,世尊曾对患病、受苦、病重的优婆塞谛哥伍如是说:‘谛哥伍,你可堪忍否?可支持否?苦受可消退否,而非增进?其消退相可见否,而非增进?’‘尊者,我不堪忍,难以支持,我剧烈的苦受增进而不消退,见增进而不消退。’尊者,以此事缘,世尊如是开示:‘是故,谛哥伍,你应如是学:我当于佛成就不可动摇的净信。’”
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante dīghāvuṃ upāsakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhagavā bhante dīghāvuṃ upāsakaṃ ābādhikaṃ dukkhitaṃ bāḷhagilānaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kacci te dīghāvu khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti no abhikkamanti, paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no abhikkamo’’ti. Na me bhante khamanīyaṃ, na yāpanīyaṃ bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti no paṭikkamanti, abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamoti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘tasmātiha te dīghāvu evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato bhavissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,世尊所宣说的四入流支,我悉皆具足——
Yānimāni bhante bhagavatā cattāri sotāpattiyaṅgāni desitāni, saṃvijjante te dhammā mayi–
因此,长寿,你安住于此四入流支后,应进一步修习六明分法——
Tasmātiha tvaṃ dīghāvu imesu catūsu sotāpattiyaṅgesu patiṭṭhāya cha vijjābhāgiye dhamme uttari bhāveyyāsi–
长寿,切勿如此心生此念。
Mā tvaṃ tāta dīghāvu evaṃ manasākāsi.
来吧,亲爱的长阿阇世,世尊对你所说的,你当善加作意。
Iṅgha tvaṃ tāta dīghāvu yadeva te bhagavā āha, tadeva tvaṃ sādhukaṃ manasikarohi.
诸比丘,优婆塞长阿阇世是贤智者。
Paṇḍito bhikkhave dīghāvu upāsako.
他随顺法而修行。
Paccapādi dhammassānudhammaṃ.
且不以法诤事来恼害我。
Na ca maṃ dhammādhikaraṇaṃ viheṭhesi.
诸比丘,优婆塞长寿断尽五下分结,成为化生者,于其处般涅槃,不再从那世间回返。
Dīghāvu bhikkhave upāsako pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā.
竹门经
Veḷudvāreyyasutta
问:“尊者,彼世尊……正自觉者所说、结集在《预流相应》中的第七部经《竹门经》,是在何处、为谁、以何事为缘、如何宣说的?”
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena sotāpattisaṃyutte sattamaṃ saṃgītaṃ veḷudvāreyyasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,这是世尊在拘萨罗国一个名为竹门的拘萨罗婆罗门村,针对竹门城的婆罗门居士们所宣说的。
Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante veḷudvāre nāma kosalānaṃ brāhmaṇa gāme veḷudvāreyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,竹门城的婆罗门居士们对世尊这样说:“乔达摩尊者,我们怀有这样的愿望、这样的欲求、这样的志向:我们期望住在子女拥挤的床榻……期望受用金银;身坏命终后,期望往生善趣天界。乔达摩尊者,请您为怀着如是愿望、如是欲求、如是志向的我们说法,令我们得以住在子女拥挤的床榻……并在身坏命终后往生善趣天界。”尊者,以此事为缘,世尊便开示道:“居士们,我将为你们开示自通之法门。谛听,善作意,我将说。”
Veḷudvāreyyakā bhante brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ ‘‘mayaṃ bho gotama evaṃkāmā evaṃchandā evaṃadhippāyā puttasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvaseyyāma…pe… jātarūparajataṃ sādiyeyyāma, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyāma, tesaṃ no bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ evaṃkāmānaṃ evaṃchandānaṃ evaṃadhippāyānaṃ tathā dammaṃ desetu, yathā mayaṃ puttasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvaseyyāma…pe… kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyāmā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘attūpanāyikaṃ vo gahapatayo dhammapariyāyaṃ desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
大名经第一
Paṭhama mahānāmasutta
问:尊者,在这第三皈依品中,过去诸法结集大长老最初结集的《第一大名称经》,是世尊于何处、对谁、以何事缘、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso tatiye saraṇānivagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ paṭhamamahānāmasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
解答:尊者,在释迦族迦毗罗卫城的尼拘律园中,针对释迦族大名而宣说。尊者,释迦族大名对世尊这样说:“尊者,这迦毗罗卫城富足繁荣,人口众多,人烟稠密。尊者,我在傍晚时分进入迦毗罗卫城,礼敬世尊或礼敬诸应受敬重的比丘之后,有时遇象,有时遇马,有时遇车,有时遇货车,有时遇人。尊者,在那时,我对佛的念便会忘失,对法的念便会忘失,对僧的念便会忘失。尊者,那时我心中这样想:若我此刻死去,我的趣向是什么?我来世当生何处?尊者,以此因缘,世尊宣说了‘大名,莫怕!大名,莫怕!你将不会有恶死,将不会有恶终’等语。”
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme mahānāmaṃ sakkaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Mahānāmo bhante sakko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘idaṃ bhante kapilavatthu iddhañceva phītañca bāhujaññaṃ ākiṇṇamanussaṃ sambādhabyūhaṃ, so khvāhaṃ bhante bhagavantaṃ vā payirupāsitvā manobhāvanīye vā bhikkhū sāyanhasamayaṃ kapilavatthuṃ pavisanto bhantenapi hatthinā samāgacchāmi, bhantenapi assena samāgacchāmi, bhantenapi rathena samāgacchāmi, bhantenapi sakaṭena samāgacchāmi, bhantenapi purisena samāgacchāmi, tassa mayhaṃ bhante tasmiṃ samaye mussateva bhagavantaṃ ārabbha sati, mussati dhammaṃ ārabbha sati, mussati saṅghaṃ ārabbha sati, tassa mayhaṃ bhante evaṃ hoti imamhi cāhaṃ samaye kālaṃ kareyyaṃ, kā mayhaṃ gati, ko abhisamparāyo’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘mā bhāyi mahānāma, mā bhāyi mahānāma, apāpakaṃ te maraṇaṃ bhavissati apāpikā kālaṃ kiriyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
第二皈依释迦经
Dutiya saraṇānisakkasutta
问:尊者,在此,过去诸法结集大长老第五次结集的《第二皈依释迦经》,是世尊于何处、对谁、以何事缘、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi pañcamaṃ saṃgītaṃ dutiyasaraṇānisakkasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
解答:尊者,这是在释迦族迦毗罗卫城的尼拘律园中,针对释迦族大名而说的。
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme mahānāmaṃyeva sakkaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,释迦族大名这样对世尊说道:“尊者,这里有一位名叫‘皈依’的释迦族人去世了,世尊对他授记说:‘他是入流者,得不堕恶趣之法,决定趣向正觉。’然而,尊者,众多释迦族人聚集起来,非难、指责、批评说:‘真是稀有啊!真是未曾有啊!现在这里谁不会成为入流者呢?因为那名为“皈依”的释迦族人去世了,世尊对他授记“他是入流者,不堕恶趣之法,决定趣向正觉”,可是皈依释迦这个人,戒学却未圆满。’”尊者,关于这件事,世尊以“大名,那位长久以来皈依佛、皈依法、皈依僧的优婆塞,他怎么会堕入恶趣呢?”等语作了开示。
Mahānāmo bhante sakko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘idha bhante saraṇāni sakko kālaṅkato, so bhagavatā byākato ‘sotāpanno avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’ti. Tatra sudaṃ bhante sambahulā sakkā saṅgamma samāgamma ujjhāyanti khīyanti vipācenti ‘acchariyaṃ vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata
“诸位!现在这里谁不会成为入流者呢?名为‘皈依’的释迦族人去世了,世尊对他授记:‘是入流者,不堕恶趣之法,决定趣向正觉。’但这位皈依释迦,戒学却不圆满。”尊者,关于此事,世尊以“大名,那位长久以来皈依佛、皈依法、皈依僧的优婆塞,他怎么会堕入恶趣呢?”等语作了开示。
Bho , ettha dāni ko na sotāpanno bhavissati, yatra hi nāma saraṇāni sakko kālaṅkato, so bhagavatā byākato ‘sotāpanno avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’ti, saraṇāni sakko sikkhāya aparipūrakārī ahosī’’ti tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yo so mahānāma dīgharattaṃ upāsako buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, so kathaṃ vinipātaṃ gaccheyyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
给孤独经第一
Paṭhama anāthapiṇḍikasutta
问——尊者,此经由往昔诸法集大长老于第六次结集时所辑的《第一给孤独经》,是世尊于何处、为谁、因何因缘、由谁、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi chaṭṭhaṃ saṃgītaṃ paṭhamaanāthapiṇḍikasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者,此经在舍卫城,是尊者法将舍利弗长老针对给孤独居士所说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者舍利弗长老以尊者阿难长老为随行沙门,一同前往给孤独居士的住处。到达后,坐于已设的座位。坐定后,尊者舍利弗对患病、痛苦、重病中的给孤独居士如此说道:“居士,你是否能忍受?是否能维持?痛苦的感受是否在减退,而不是在加剧?减退的迹象是否可见,而不是加剧的迹象?”“尊者,我不能忍受,不能维持。我剧烈的痛苦感受在加剧,而不是在减退,加剧的迹象可见,而不是减退的迹象。”尊者,在此事由中,尊者法将舍利弗长老说了如下的话:“居士,正如一个对佛无净信的无闻凡夫,身坏命终后会往生恶趣、恶道、堕落处、地狱,而你对佛却没有那样的无净信。居士,你对佛确实有证净:‘彼世尊是阿罗汉、正自觉者……世尊。’当你这样观察自己内心对佛的这种证净时,痛苦感受或许会立即止息。”
Āyasmā bhbhante sāriputtatthero āyasmatā ānandattherena pacchāsamaṇena saddhiṃ yena anāthapiṇḍikassa gahapatissa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi, nisajja kho āyasmā sāriputto anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ ābādhikaṃ dukkhitaṃ bāḷhagilānaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kacci te gahapati khamanīyaṃ kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti, no abhikkamanti, paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no abhikkamo’’ti, na me bhante khamanīyaṃ, na yāpanīyaṃ, bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti, abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamoti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yathā rūpena kho gahapati buddhe appasādena samannāgato assutavā puthujjano kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ niyaraṃ upapajjati tathārūpo te buddhe appasādo natthi, atthi ca kho te gahapati buddhe aveccappasādo ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho…pe… bhagavā’ti tañca pana te buddhe aveccappasādaṃ attani samanupassato ṭhānaso vedanā paṭippassambheyyā’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
若有人于如来,信心不动、善得安立;
若有人具足善戒,为圣者所爱、所称叹;
若有人于僧团具足净信,且得正直之见;
他被称为“不贫穷者”,他的生命不会虚度。
因此,智者当致力于信、戒、净信与法见,
铭记佛陀的教法。
Yassa saddhā tathāgate, acalā suppatiṭṭhitā; Sīlañca yassa kalyāṇaṃ, ariyakantaṃ pasaṃsitaṃ. Saṅghe pasādo yassatthi, ujubhūtañca dassanaṃ; Adaliddoti taṃ āhu, amoghaṃ tassa jīvitaṃ. Tasmā saddhañca sīlañca, pasādaṃ dhammadassanaṃ; Anuyuñjetha medhāvī, saraṃ buddhānasāsanaṃ.
功德盈聚品
Puññābhisandavagga
问:尊者,即在此处,往昔结集法藏的大长老们将《大名经》编入第七次结集的功德盈聚品。此经是世尊在何处、为何人、以何事为因缘而宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso puññābhisandavaggo porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi sattamaṃ saṃgītaṃ mahānāmasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,是在释迦族所在的迦毗罗卫城,针对释迦族人摩诃男而宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ mahānāmaṃ sakkaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,释迦族人摩诃男问世尊:“尊者,怎样才称为优婆塞呢?”尊者,就在此中,世尊曾这样宣说:“摩诃男,若人皈依佛、皈依法、皈依僧……”
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Mahānāmo bhante sakko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kittāvatā nu kho bhante upāsako hotī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yato kho mahānāma buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hotī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
‘尊者,要怎样才算是优婆塞呢?’
Kittāvatā nu kho bhante upāsako hoti.
迦离果达经
Kāḷigodhasutta
问:尊者,此处,由往昔诸结集法藏大长老所结集的第九经——《黑拘陀经》,是世尊在何处、为谁、以何因缘、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi navamaṃ saṃgītaṃ kāḷigodhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ kārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,这是世尊针对释迦族中一位名为黑拘陀的释迦女而宣说的,即:“拘陀,具足四法的圣弟子是须陀洹,得不堕法,决定趣向正觉。”等等。
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kāḷigodhaṃ nāma sākiyāniṃ ārabbha ‘‘catūhi kho godhe dhammehi samannāgatā ariyasāvikā sotāpannā hoti avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
拘陀,你获益匪浅,拘陀,你善得利益,拘陀,你已证须陀洹果——
Lābhā te godhe, suladdhaṃ te godhe, sotāpattiphalaṃ tayā godhe –
难提亚萨咖经
Nandiyasakkasutta
问:尊者,依此而知……由正自觉者所宣说、收于《须陀洹相应》中、《福德聚品》的第十经——《难提耶释迦经》,是何地、为谁、以何因缘、如何被宣说的?
Pucchā – tenāvuso jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena sotāpattisaṃyutte puññābhisandavagge dasamaṃ nandiyasakkasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,此事是世尊在释迦族迦毗罗卫城的尼拘律园,针对释迦族难提耶所说。释迦族难提耶问世尊:“尊者,若某位圣弟子全然、彻底、于一切时都不具备四须陀洹支,尊者,这位圣弟子是否住于放逸?”就此因缘,世尊宣说道:“难提耶,若有人全然、彻底、于一切时都不具备四须陀洹支,我说他安住于外凡夫位。”等等。
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme nandiyaṃ sakkaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Nandiyo bhante sakko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘yasseva nu kho bhante ariyasāvakassa cattāri sotāpattiyaṅgāni sabbena sabbaṃ sabbathāsabbaṃ natthi, sveva nu kho bhante ariyasāvako pamādavihārī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yassa kho nandiya cattāri sotāpattiyaṅgāni sabbenasabbaṃ sabbathāsabbaṃ natthi, tamahaṃ bāhiro puthujjanapakkhe ṭhitoti vadāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
畜生论经
Tiracchānakathāsutta
问:尊者,《谛相应》中,由往昔诸结集法藏大长老所结集的第十经——《畜生论经》,是世尊在何处、针对谁、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – saccasaṃyutte āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāyakamahātherehi dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ tiracchānakathāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,在舍卫城,世尊针对众多比丘这样说:“诸比丘,你们不要谈论种种无益的世俗言论,即如:国王论、盗贼论、大臣论、军队论、怖畏论、战争论、食物论、饮料论、衣服论、床具论”等等。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha mā bhikkhave anekavihitaṃ tiracchānakathaṃ katheyyātha. Seyyathidaṃ, rājakathaṃ corakathaṃ mahāmattakathaṃ senākathaṃ bhayakathaṃ yuddhakathaṃ annakathaṃ pānakathaṃ vatthakathaṃ sayanakathaṃ evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
应当谈论“这是苦”。
Idaṃ dukkhanti katheyyātha.
因此,诸比丘,对于“这是苦”,应当精勤……对于“这是趣向苦灭之道”,应当精勤。
Tasmātiha bhikkhave idaṃ dukkhanti yogo karaṇīyo…pe… ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti yogo karaṇīyo.
法轮转起经
Dhammacakkapavattanasutta
问:贤友们,在此《转法轮品》中,这部由古时结集法藏的大长老们最初结集的《转法轮经》,是世尊于何处、对何人、以何种方式所宣说?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dhammacakkappavattanavagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ dhammacakkapavattanasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:在波罗奈仙人堕处的鹿野苑,世尊对五众比丘如是说:“比丘们,出家者不应亲近两个极端。哪两个呢?一是沉溺于感官欲乐、低劣、粗俗、凡夫、非圣、无益的欲乐享受;二是沉溺于自我折磨、痛苦、非圣、无益的自我折磨。比丘们,如来不趋近此二极端,而证悟了中道。”世尊便是以这些开示宣说了此经。
Vissajjanā – bārāṇasiyaṃ bhante isipatane migadāye pañcavaggiye bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dve me bhikkhave antā pabbajitena nasevitabbā. Katame dve, yo cāyaṃ kāmesu kāmasukhallikānuyogo hīno gammo pothujjaniko anariyo anatthasaṃhito, yo cāyaṃ attakilamathānuyogo dukkho anariyo anatthasaṃhito, ete kho bhikkhave ubho ante anupagamma majjhimāpaṭipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
漏尽经
Āsavakkhayasutta
问:贤友们,在此《拘利村品》中,这部由古时结集法藏的大长老们第五次结集的《漏尽经》,是世尊于何处、对何人、以何种方式所宣说?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso koṭigāmavagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi pañcamaṃ saṃgītaṃ āsavakkhayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
解答:在舍卫城,世尊针对众多比丘,作如是说:“比丘们,我说知者、见者有诸漏的灭尽,而非不知者、不见者。比丘们,知什么、见什么时,诸漏得以灭尽呢?比丘们,知‘此是苦’、见‘此是苦’时,诸漏灭尽;知‘此是苦集’、见‘此是苦集’时,诸漏灭尽;知‘此是苦灭’、见‘此是苦灭’时,诸漏灭尽;知‘此是导向苦灭之道’、见‘此是导向苦灭之道’时,诸漏灭尽。比丘们,如此知、如此见时,诸漏便得灭尽。因此,比丘们,于‘此是苦’应起精勤;于‘此是苦集’应起精勤;于‘此是苦灭’应起精勤;于‘此是导向苦灭之道’应起精勤。”世尊作如是说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘jānatohaṃ bhikkhave passato āsavānaṃ khayaṃ vadāmi, no ajānato apassato. Kiñca bhikkhave jānato passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti, idaṃ dukkhanti bhikkhave jānato passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhoti, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminīpaṭipadāti jānato passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti. Evaṃ kho bhikkhave jānato evaṃ passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti. Tasmātiha bhikkhave ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yogo karaṇīyo, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhoti, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminīpaṭipadāti yogo karaṇīyo’’ti evaṃ kho bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
西萨巴林经
Sīsapāvanasutta
问:于此,《申恕林品》中由过去结集法藏的上座大长老们初次结集的《申恕林经》,是世尊在何处、对谁、以何种方式宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso sīsapāvanavagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ sīsapāvanasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
解答:在拘睒弥的申恕林中,世尊针对众多比丘,作如是说:“比丘们,你们认为如何?是我手中拿起的这几片申恕叶多,还是申恕林上方的叶子多?”世尊以如是等语开示。
Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante sīsapāvane sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nukho bahutaraṃ yāni vā mayā parittāni sīsapāpaṇṇāni pāṇinā gahitāni yadidaṃ upari sīsapāvane’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
五趣省略品
Pañcagatipeyyālavagga
问:贤友们,于此《五趣省略品》中——此品乃由古时结集法藏的大长老们作为最终部分而结集——世尊是在何处、对谁、如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi pariyosānabhāvena saṃgīto pañcagatipeyyālavagge, bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsito.
解答:在毗舍离,世尊针对众多比丘宣说:“诸比丘,你们认为如何?是我放在指甲尖上的这点尘土较多,还是这大地较多?”世尊即以如这些语而说。
Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yo vāyaṃ mayā paritto nakhasikhāyaṃ paṃsu āropito, ayaṃ vā mahāpathavī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsito.
问:贤友们,哪些人正在修学?
Pucchā – ke āvuso sikkhanti.
答曰:尊者,是有学与善凡夫在修学。
Vissajjanā – sekkhā ca bhante puthujjanakalyāṇakā ca sikkhanti.
问曰:贤友,哪些是修学已竟者?
Pucchā – ke āvuso sikkhitasikkhā.
答曰:尊者,阿拉汉是修学已竟者。
Vissajjanā – arahanto bhante sikkhitasikkhā.
问:贤友,它安立于何处?
Pucchā – kattha āvuso ṭhitaṃ.
答:尊者,它安立于乐于修学者之中。
Vissajjanā – sikkhākāmesu bhante ṭhitaṃ.
问:贤友,哪些人持守它?
Pucchā – ke āvuso dhārenti.
答曰:“尊者,那些遵循此法者,便持守於此。”
Vissajjanā – yesaṃ bhante vattati te dhārenti.
问:“贤友,这是谁所说的话?”
Pucchā – kassa āvuso vacanaṃ.
答曰:“尊者,这是世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者所说的话。”
Vissajjanā – bhagavato bhante vacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassa.
问:尊者,这是由谁传来的?
Pucchā – kena āvuso ābhataṃ.
答:尊者,这是辗转传承而来的。
Vissajjanā – paramparāya bhante ābhataṃ.