问:贤友,在《梵天相应》中,由古代大迦叶长老等结集法藏的上座长老们第二次结集所诵的《恭敬》,是在哪里、怎样生起的?
Pucchā – brahmasaṃyutte āvuso porāṇehi mahākassapatherādīhi dhammasaṃgāhakatheravarehi dutiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ gāravasuttaṃ kattha kathañca samuppannaṃ.
回答:尊者,它是在优楼频螺生起的。尊者,世尊最初证得正觉后,住在优楼频螺,尼连禅河边的阿阇波罗榕树根下。那时,世尊独自静坐,心里生起这样的念头:“没有恭敬、没有尊重地过日子,实在是苦。我该恭敬、尊重哪位沙门或婆罗门,然后依止他而住呢?”
Vissajjanā – uruvelāyaṃ bhante samuppannaṃ. Bhagavā bhante uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho. Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi ‘‘dukkhaṃ kho agāravo viharati appatisso, kaṃ nu khvāhaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyya’’nti.
尊者,那时世尊这样想:“为了圆满尚未圆满的戒蕴,我应当恭敬、尊重另一位沙门或婆罗门,依止他而住。可是,在包括天、魔、梵、沙门、婆罗门、天、人的众生中,我看不到有哪位沙门或婆罗门比我自己戒行更圆满的……
Atha kho bhante bhagavato etadahosi ‘‘aparipuṇṇassa kho sīlakkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyuṃ, na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya attanā sīlasampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā
婆罗门,或我恭敬、尊重、依止而住者。
Brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyuṃ.
对于尚未圆满的定蕴,
对于尚未圆满的慧蕴,
对于尚未圆满的解脱蕴,
Aparipuṇṇassa kho samādhikkhandhassa; Aparipuṇṇassa kho paññākkhandhassa; Aparipuṇṇassa kho vimuttikkhandhassa.
为了圆满那还没有圆满的解脱智见蕴,我应当恭敬、尊重、依止另一位沙门或婆罗门而住。可是,在这个有天神、魔、梵天的世间,在包含沙门、婆罗门、天神和人的众生当中,我看不到有哪位沙门或婆罗门在解脱智见方面比我更圆满具足,值得我恭敬、尊重、依止而住。不如我就恭敬、尊重、依止我自己所证悟的法而住吧。尊者,世尊心中就是这样反复思量,生起了这个念头。
Aparipuṇṇassa kho vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upaninissāya vihareyyaṃ. Na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya attanā vimuttiñāṇadassanasampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yvāyaṃ dhammo mayā abhisambuddho, tameva dhammaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyya’’nti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavato cetaso parivitakkavasena uppannaṃ.
过去诸正自觉者,与未来诸佛,
以及现在这位正自觉者——众多人的忧苦除灭者,
彼等一切诸佛皆以正法为尊,过去都这样安住,现在也这样安住;
他们仍然会这样安住,这就是诸佛的常法。
所以,确实,想要利益自己的人、渴望崇高境界的人,
应当恭敬正法,并忆念诸佛的教法。
Ye ca atītā sambuddhā, ye ca buddhā anāgatā; Yo cetarahi sambuddho, bahūnaṃ sokanāsano; Sabbe saddhammagaruno, vihaṃsu viharanti ca; Tathāpi viharissanti, esā buddhāna dhammatā. Tasmā hi attakāmena, mahattamabhikaṅkhatā; Saddhammo garukātabbo, saraṃ buddhāna sāsanaṃ.
乐于其他的梵天经
Aññaratabrahmasutta
请问,贤友:古时大迦叶等结集法藏的上座长老们第一次结集的那部某梵天经,是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为因缘、由谁、怎样说出来的?
Pucchā- tatthāvuso porāṇakehi mahākassapādīhi dhammasaṃgāhakatheravarehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ aññatarabrahmasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这是在梵天界,尊者大目犍连长老针对某位梵天神所说的话。尊者,那位梵天神生起了这样一种恶劣的邪见:“没有任何沙门或婆罗门能来到这里。”尊者,就以这件事为因缘——
Vissajjanā – brahmaloke bhante aññataraṃ brahmānaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā mahāmoggallānattherena bhāsitaṃ. Aññatarassa bhante brahmuno evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti ‘‘natthi so samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā, yo idha āgaccheyyā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–
贤友,你到现在还抱着以前那个见解吗?
你看见那正在梵天界中超越的光辉者了吗?
尊者,以上就是尊者大目犍连长老所说的。
贤友,你到现在还是抱着那个见解吗?就是你以前就有过的那个见解。
你看见那超越的、在梵天世界闪耀光明的吗?
朋友,我以前有过的那种见解,现在已经没有了。
我看见那位已经超越、在梵天界中光明清净的。
我今天怎么会说“我是常、是恒常”呢?
佛陀的众多弟子——具足三明、成就神通、善知他心、
诸漏已尽的阿拉汉。
Ajjāpi te āvuso sā diṭṭhi, yā te diṭṭhi pure ahu; Passasi vītivattantaṃ, brahmaloke pabhassaranti; Evaṃ kho bhante āyasmatā mahāmoggallānattherena bhāsitaṃ. Ajjāpi te āvuso sā diṭṭhi, yā te diṭṭhi pure ahu; Passasi vītivattanta, brahmaloke pabhassaraṃ-hu– Na me mārisa sā diṭṭhi, yā me diṭṭhi pure ahu; Passāmi vītivattantaṃ, brahmaloke pabhassaraṃ; Svāhaṃ ajja kathaṃ vajjaṃ, ahaṃ niccomhi sassato hu– Tevijjā iddhipattā ca, cetopariyāya kovidā; Khīṇāsavā arahanto, bahū buddhassa sāvakā-hu–
问:朋友,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、又是怎样宣说《阿卢纳瓦提经》的?
Pucchā – tatthāvuso aruṇavatīsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在舍卫城,世尊针对众多比丘,这样宣说了《阿卢纳瓦提经》:“诸比丘,过去曾有一位名叫阿卢那瓦的国王。诸比丘,阿卢那瓦王的王都名叫阿卢纳瓦提。”
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ bhikkhave rājā ahosi aruṇavā nāma. Rañño kho pana bhikkhave aruṇavato aruṇavatī nāma rājadhānī ahosī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā aruṇavatī suttaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
你们要发起精进,要努力出离懈怠,要专心投入佛陀的教法。
要像大象撞塌竹屋那样,摧毁死神的军队。
如果有人在这套法和律中不放逸地生活,
舍弃了生与轮回,他就会终结苦。
Ārambhatha nikkamatha, yuñjatha buddhasāsane; Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro; Yo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye, appamatto vihassati; Pahāya jāti saṃsāraṃ, dukkhassantaṃ karissati-hu–