问:贤友,那部《年轻经》是世尊在哪里、针对谁、在什么场合、又是怎样说的?
Pucchā – daharasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这段是就着舍卫城的憍萨罗国王波斯匿而说的。尊者,憍萨罗国王波斯匿来到世尊那里,到了之后,与世尊互相问候,然后坐在一边。尊者,坐在一边的憍萨罗国王波斯匿对世尊这样说:“乔达摩尊者是否也自称已经证得无上正等正觉?”尊者,关于这件事,世尊这样说:“大王,若有人正确地说:‘已证得无上正等正觉’,那他正确地说时,所指的正是我。”等等。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho bhante rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘bhavampi no gotamo ‘anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho’ti paṭijānātī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yañhi taṃ mahārāja sammā vadamānovadeyya ‘anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho’ti , mameva taṃ sammā vadamāno vadeyyā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
所以,智者确实观察着自己的利益;
蛇、火,还有声名显赫的刹帝利,
对具足戒行的比丘,也应当如理地恭敬对待。
Tasmā hi paṇḍito poso, sampassaṃ atthamattano; Bhujaṅgamaṃ pāvakañca, khattiyañca yasassinaṃ; Bhikkhuñca sīlasampannaṃ, sammadeva samācare–
问:贤友,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、因为什么事、又是怎样宣说《自护经》的?
Pucchā – attarakkhitasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这是在舍卫城,针对憍萨罗王波斯匿而说的。尊者,憍萨罗王波斯匿来到世尊面前,说了这样的话:“尊者,我在这里独自静处时,心里生起了这样的想法……”等等。尊者,世尊就这样分析说:“正是这样,大王,正是这样,大王。”等等。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃyeva pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘idha mayhaṃ bhante rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādī’’ti evamādikaṃ vacanaṃ avoca. Bhagavā ca bhante evametaṃ mahārāja evametaṃ mahārājāti evamādinā vibhajitvā bhāsitaṃ.
身体的节制是好的,言语的节制也是好的;
以心防护很好,在一切处防护都很好;
在一切方面都被守护、有惭耻心的人,才被称为守护者。
Kāyena saṃvaro sādhu, sādhu vācāya saṃvaro; Manasā saṃvaro sādhu, sādhu, sabbattha saṃvaro; Sabbattha saṃvuto lajjī, rakkhitoti pavuccati.
问:贤友,那么《少经》是世尊在哪里、针对谁、以什么为所依之事、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – appakasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这部经是在舍卫城,针对憍萨罗国王波斯匿本人而说的。尊者,憍萨罗国王波斯匿来到世尊面前,说了这样的话:“尊者,我在这里独自静处、闭门独坐时,心里生起了这样的念头:在这世间,那些得到极其丰厚的财富之后,既不陶醉、也不放逸、也不对诸欲生起贪著的众生,实在太少了。”他说了诸如此类的话。尊者,于是世尊用“正是如此,大王,正是如此,大王”等话,宣说了《少经》。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃyeva pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘idha mayhaṃ bhante rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi appakā te sattā lokasmiṃ, ye uḷāre uḷāre bhoge labhitvā na ceva majjanti na ca pamajjanti, na ca kāmesu gedhaṃ āpajjantī’’ti evamādikaṃ vacanaṃ avoca. Bhagavā ca bhante ‘‘evametaṃ mahārāja evametaṃ mahārājā’’ti evamādinā appakasuttaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
提问:贤友,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为缘由、怎样宣说《玛离咖经》的?
Pucchā – mallikāsuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
说明:尊者,这部经是在舍卫城,针对憍萨罗国的波斯匿王而说的。尊者,憍萨罗国的波斯匿王曾对末利迦王后这样说:“末利迦,有没有别的什么人比你自己更让你觉得可爱?”尊者,世尊就是针对这件事,以“以心遍寻一切方所”等语句宣说了这部经。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃyeva pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo mallikaṃ deviṃ etadavoca ‘‘atthi nu kho te mallike kocañño attanā piyataro’’ti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ sabbādisā anuparigamma cetasāti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
用内心走遍所有方向,无论在哪里都找不到比自我更可爱的东西。同样,对别人来说,每个自我也是可爱的,所以爱惜自我的人不该伤害别人。
Sabbā disā anuparigamma cetasā, nevajjhagā piyataramattanā kvaci. Evaṃ piyo puthu attā paresaṃ, tasmā na hiṃse paramattakāmo–
《七结发者经》
Sattajaṭilasutta
问:贤友,世尊……正自觉者所说的《七结发者经》,是在哪里说的?针对谁说的?以什么为缘由?又是怎么说的?
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena sattajaṭilasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
解答:尊者,这是在舍卫城,针对憍萨罗国王波斯匿而说的。尊者,憍萨罗国王波斯匿在七位结发行者、七位尼乾陀、七位裸行者、七位一衣者、七位游行者刚离开不久,就来到世尊那里,到了以后顶礼世尊,坐在一边。尊者,憍萨罗国王波斯匿坐在一边后,对世尊这样说:“尊者,世间那些是阿拉汉或已进入阿拉汉道的人,这些人是他们当中的哪一类呢?”尊者,在这个事由中,世尊这样说道:“大王,你是居家之人,享受欲乐,住在儿女拥挤的床铺上,享用迦尸檀香,佩戴花鬘、香粉、涂香,受用金银,所以要知道‘这些是阿拉汉,这些是已进入阿拉汉道的人’,是很难的。”
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo acirapakkantesu sattasu ca jaṭilesu sattasu ca nigaṇṭhesu sattasu ca acelakesu sattasu ca ekasāṭakesu sattasu ca paribbājakesu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho bhante rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ye te bhante loke arahanto vā arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpannā, ete tesaṃ aññatarā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘dujjānaṃ kho etaṃ mahārāja tayā gihinā kāmabhoginā puttasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvasantena kāsiṇacandanaṃ paccanubhontena mālāgandhavilepanaṃ dhārayantena jātarūparajataṃ sādiyantena ‘‘ime vā arahanto, ime vā arahattamaggaṃ samāpannā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
人非以色貌易知,勿因匆匆一瞥便轻信;
放逸之徒假善自制者之形相,游行于此世间。
就像泥土做的耳环仿制品,又像表面镀了金的半枚铜钱;
他们带着一群随从做掩护,在世间行走,内心并不清净,外表却装得光鲜亮丽。
Na vaṇṇarūpena naro sujāno, na vissase ittaradassanena; Susaññatānañhi viyañjanena, asaññatā lokamimaṃ caranti. Patirūpako mattikākuṇḍalova, lohaḍḍhamāsova suvaṇṇachanno; Caranti loke parivārachannā, anto asuddhā bahisobhamānā-hū
问:贤友,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为缘由,才宣说了这部《五王经》?又是怎么说的呢?
Pucchā – pañcarājasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这部经是世尊在舍卫城,针对憍萨罗国的波斯匿王而说的。尊者,憍萨罗国的波斯匿王曾这样问世尊:“尊者,诸欲之中什么是最上的?”尊者,世尊正是在这一事由下,说了“大王,我说五种欲乐之中,以令人悦意者为边际的,便是最上”等话。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃyeva pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kiṃ nu kho bhante kāmānaṃ agga’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘manāpapariyantaṃ khvāhaṃ mahārāja pañcasu kāmaguṇesu agganti vadāmī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在这里,我们五位国王各自拥有并享受五种欲乐,正沉浸在其中的时候,生起了这样一段交谈:“在种种欲乐当中,什么才是最上的呢?”
Idha bhante amhākaṃ pañcannaṃ rājūnaṃ pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitānaṃ samaṅgībhūtānaṃ paricārayamānānaṃ ayamantarākathā udapādiṃ ‘kiṃ nu kho kāmānaṃ agga’nti–
就像清晨盛开、香气还没散去的红莲花,芬芳扑鼻。请看那位光芒闪耀的辉煌者仙人,像太阳一样在空中炽热地照耀。
Padumaṃ yathā kokanadaṃ sugandhaṃ, pāto siyā phullamavītagandhaṃ. Aṅgīrasaṃ passa virocamānaṃ, tapantamādiccamivantalikkhe–
第二无子经
Dutiyaaputtakasutta
问:贤友,这部《第二无子经》是由世尊在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为背景、又是怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – dutiyaaputtakasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:这部经是在舍卫城,针对憍萨罗国的波斯匿王而说的。波斯匿王来到世尊那里,这样说:“尊者,舍卫城有位长者居士去世了,他没有儿子,我把他的财产没收后送进王宫,然后才来。”世尊就说:“大王,确实是这样,大王,确实是这样。大王,过去那位长者居士曾经用食物供养过一位名叫塔迦罗斯奇的独觉佛。”世尊这样引出那位长者居士的过去因缘,最后以四首偈颂来说法。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃyeva pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘idha bhante sāvatthiyaṃ seṭṭhi gahapati kālaṅkato, tamahaṃ aputtakaṃ sāpateyyaṃ rājantepuraṃ atiharitvā āgacchāmī’’ti evamādikaṃ vacanaṃ avoca. Bhagavā ca bhante ‘‘evametaṃ mahārāja, evametaṃ mahārāja, bhūtapubbaṃ so mahārāja seṭṭhi gahapati taggarasikhiṃ nāma paccekasambuddhaṃ piṇḍapātena paṭipādesī’’ti evamādinā tassa seṭṭhissa gahapatissa atītaṃ vatthuṃ āharitvā pariyosāne catūhi gāthāhi bhāsitaṃ.
谷物、财富、银子、金子,或者任何拥有的财物,
奴仆、雇工、差役,以及所有靠他过活的人。
一切都不能带走,一切都得放下离去;
无论一个人用身体、语言还是心意做了什么,
那确实是他的所有物,他带着它离去;
它成为他的随从,如影随形不离。
因此应当行善,积集来世的资粮;
善行在来世会成为众生的依靠。
Dhaññaṃ dhanaṃ rajataṃ jātarūpaṃ, pariggahaṃ vāpi yadatthi kiñci, Dāsā kammakarā pessā, ye cassa anujīvino. Sabbaṃ nādāya gantabbaṃ, sabbaṃ nikkhippagāminaṃ; Yañca karoti kāyena, vācāya udacetasā. Tañhi tassa sakaṃ hoti, taṃva ādāya gacchati; Taṃvassa anugaṃ hoti, chāyāva anapāyinī. Tasmā kareyya kalyāṇaṃ, nicayaṃ samparāyikaṃ; Puññāni paralokasmiṃ, patiṭṭhā honti pāṇinaṃ –