因缘品巴利显示巴利原文
Nidānavaggapāḷi
缘起经显示巴利原文
Paṭiccasamuppādasutta
问曰:“尊者!由世尊……正自觉者最初在因缘相应中结集的《缘起经》,是依何而说、于何因缘、如何宣说的?”显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena nidānavaggasaṃyutte paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ paṭiccasamuppādasuttaṃ kattha taṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:“尊者!此经是在舍卫城,依五百位地方比丘而说。尊者,那五百位地方比丘皆是利根悟者,持头陀支,精进努力,专修瑜伽,修习内观,希求微细、空性、缘起法之教说。他们礼敬世尊后,围绕世尊而坐。在此因缘中,世尊遂以‘诸比丘,我将为你们宣说缘起,你们要谛听,善作意,我当说法’等语,而宣说此经。”显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante pañcasate janapadavāsino bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Pañcasatā bhante janapadavāsino bhikkhū sabbe ugghāṭitaññuno dhutaṅgadharā āraddhavīriyā yuttayogā vipassakā saṇhaṃ sukhumaṃ suññataṃ paccayākāradhammadesanaṃ patthayamānā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā bhagavantaṃ parivāretvā nisīdiṃsu. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘paṭiccasamuppādaṃ vo bhikkhave desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
比丘们,什么是缘起?比丘们,以无明为缘而有行,以行为缘而有识……以生为缘而有老死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼生起。如是,这整个苦蕴的集起。比丘们,这称为缘起。显示巴利原文
Katamo ca bhikkhave paṭiccasamuppādo. Avijjāpaccayā bhikkhave saṅkhārā, saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ (peyyāla) jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāsā sambhavanti, evametassa kevalassa dukkhandhassa samudayo hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave paṭiccasamuppādo.
而无明无余、离贪、灭尽故,行灭;……生灭故,老死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼灭。如此,整个苦蕴灭尽。显示巴利原文
Avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodho saṅkhāranirodho (peyyāla) jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti, evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti –
问——尊者,第二结集时所诵《分别经》,是世尊于何处、为谁、因何因缘、如何宣说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tatthāvuso dutiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ vibhaṅgasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者,是在舍卫城,为五百位住于乡野的广慧比丘而说。尊者,那五百位住于乡野的比丘,皆是广慧者,持头陀支,精进策励,常勤修习,住于内观。他们希求微细、与空性相应之缘起法教,于是围坐于世尊身旁。即于此因缘中,世尊以“诸比丘,我将为你们宣说、开演缘起。你们当谛听,善作意,我将说”等语而宣说。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante pañcasate janapadavāsino vipañcitaññuno bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Pañcasatā bhante janapadavāsikā bhikkhū vipañcitaññuno dhutaṅgadharā āraddhavīriyā yuttayogā vissakā saṇhaṃ sukhumaṃ suññatapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ paccayākāradhammadesanaṃ patthayamānā bhagavantaṃ parivāretvā nisīdiṃsu. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘paṭicca samuppādaṃ vo bhikkhave dedessāmi vibhajissāmi, taṃ suṇātha sādhukaṃ manasikarotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
五怖畏经显示巴利原文
Pañcaverabhayasutta
问:尊者,《五怖畏经》是世尊在何处、以谁为缘、如何宣说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – pañcaverabhayasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,世尊在舍卫城,因给孤独长者而说:“长者,当圣弟子的五怖畏、怨对已止息,具足四预流支,且圣者之理趣已以慧善见、善通达时,若他愿意,便可自行记说:‘我已灭尽地狱,已灭尽畜生胎,已灭尽饿鬼趣,已灭尽恶趣、恶道、堕落处;我是预流者,不退堕法,决定趣向正觉。’” 尊者,世尊正是这样宣说的。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha ‘‘yato kho gahapati ariyasāvakassa pañca bhayāni verāni vūpasantāni honti, catūhi ca sotāpattiyaṅgehi samannāgato hoti, ariyo cassa ñāyo paññāya sudiṭṭho hoti suppaṭividdho, so ākaṅkhamāno attanāva attānaṃ byākareyya khīṇanirayomi khīṇatiracchānayoni khīṇapettivisayo khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto, sotāpannohamasmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyano’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:尊者,那么,在此经中,世尊是如何开示圣弟子五怖畏与怨对的止息呢?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – kathañcāvusotattha bhagavatā ariyasāvakassa pañcannaṃ bhayānaṃ verānaṃ vūpasantatā pakāsitā.
释疑:“哪五种怖畏怨对已止息?长者,因杀生故,杀生者现生即招感怖畏怨对,来世亦招感怖畏怨对,内心亦感受苦忧。对于远离杀生者,他们怖畏怨对便已止息。”尊者,世尊在那里即以这些方法,开示了圣弟子五怖畏怨对的止息。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – ‘‘katamāni pañca bhayāni verāni vūpasantāni honti. Yaṃ gahapati pāṇātipātī pāṇātipātapaccayā diṭṭhadhammikampi bhayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, samparāyikampi bhayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, cetasikampi dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Pāṇātipātā ṭiviratassa evaṃ taṃ bhayaṃ veraṃ vūpasantaṃ hotī’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā ariyasāvakassa pañcannaṃ bhayānaṃ verānaṃ vūpasantatā pakāsitā.
问:“那么,尊者,世尊在那里如何开示圣弟子具足四预流支?”显示巴利原文
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā ariyasāvakassa catūhi sotāpattiyaṅgehi samannāgatatā pakāsitā.
释疑:“是哪四种预流支?长者,于此,圣弟子于佛陀成就不坏净信:‘彼世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。’”尊者,世尊在那里便以如是等方式,开示了圣弟子具足四预流支。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – katamehi catūhi sotāpattiyaṅgehi samannāgato hoti. Idha gahapati ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti ‘‘itipiso bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaropurisadammasārathi satthādevamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā ariyasāvakassa catūhi sotāpattiyaṅgehi samannāgatatā pakāsitā.
问:尊者,世尊在那里是如何开示圣弟子以慧善见、善通达圣理趣的呢?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā ariyasāvakena ariyassa ñāyassa paññāya sudiṭṭhatā suppaṭividdhatā pakāsitā.
释疑:他所善见、善通达的圣理趣是什么呢?长者,于此,圣弟子对缘起作如理作意:‘此有故彼有,此无故彼无;此生故彼生,此灭故彼灭。即:以无明为缘……(中略)……如是整个苦蕴灭尽。’ 尊者,世尊便是这样在那里开示圣弟子以慧善见、善通达圣理趣。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – katamo cassa ariyo ñāyo paññāya sudiṭṭho hoti suppaṭividdho. Idha gahapati ariyasāvako paṭiccasamuppādaññeva sādhukaṃ yoniso manasi karoti ‘‘iti imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hoti, imasmiṃ asati idaṃ na hoti, imassuppādā idaṃ uppajjati, imassa nirodhā idaṃ nirujjhati, yadidaṃ avijjāpaccayā (peyyāla) evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā tattha ariyasāvakena ariyassa ñāyassa paññāya sudiṭṭhatā suppaṭividdhatā pakāsitā.
长者,当圣弟子的这五种怖畏怨对已止息,具足四预流支,且此圣理趣已以慧善见、善通达时——显示巴利原文
Yato kho gahapati ariyasāvakassa imāni pañca bhayāni verāni vūpasantāni honti. Imehi catūhi sotāpattiyaṅgehi samannāgato hoti. Ayañcassa ariyo ñāyo paññāya sudiṭṭho hoti suppaṭividdho–
提问:尊者,世尊在何处、针对何人、如何宣说《苦经》?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – dukkhasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在舍卫城,针对众多比丘,世尊说:“比丘们,我将宣说苦的集起与灭没。”世尊是以这样的方式宣说的。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dukkhassa bhikkhave samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desessāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
提问:尊者,在那里,世尊是如何开示苦的集起的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā dukkhasamudayo pakāsito.
答曰:比丘们,什么是苦的集起?缘眼与色,生起眼识,三者合为触;缘触有受,缘受有渴爱。比丘们,这就是苦的集起。缘耳与声,生起耳识……缘鼻与香……缘舌与味……缘身与所触……缘意与法,生起意识,三者合为触;缘触有受,缘受有渴爱。比丘们,这就是苦的集起。尊者,世尊在那里便是这样开示了苦的集起。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – katamo ca bhikkhave dukkhassa samudayo. Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā. Ayaṃ kho bhikkhave dukkhassa samudayo. Sotañca paṭicca sadde ca uppajjati sotaviññāṇaṃ…pe… ghānañca paṭicca gandhe ca…pe… jivhañca paṭicca rase ca…pe… kāyañca paṭicca phoṭṭhabbe ca…pe… manañca paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati manoviññāṇaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā. Ayaṃ kho bhikkhave dukkhassa samudayoti evaṃkho bhante tattha bhagavatā dukkhassa samudayo pakāsito.
问曰:尊者,世尊在那里如何开示苦的灭?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā dukkhassa atthaṅgamo pakāsito.
答曰:比丘们,什么是苦的灭?缘眼与色,生起眼识,三者合为触;缘触有受,缘受有渴爱。正是由于此渴爱的无余离贪、灭尽,而有取灭;由取灭而有有灭;由有灭而有生灭;由生灭而老死、忧悲苦恼绝望便灭尽。如此,整个苦蕴便灭尽。尊者,世尊在那里便是以这些方式开示了苦的灭。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – katamo ca bhikkhave dukkhassa atthaṅgamo. Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā, tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodhā upādānanirodho upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho, bhavanirodhā jātinirodho, jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā dukkhassa atthaṅgamo pakāsito.
子肉譬喻经显示巴利原文
Puttamaṃsūpamasutta
问:尊者,世尊是在何处、针对何人、因何因缘、如何宣说《子肉喻经》的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – puttamaṃsūpamasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,是在舍卫城,针对众多新近出家的比丘而宣说的。尊者,当时世尊与比丘僧团得到了极大的利养与恭敬,而有些新近出家的良家子弟比丘,不加省察便受用食物。尊者,正是在这件事上,世尊这般开示:“诸比丘,有四种食能令已生的众生安住,并能资助将生的众生。哪四种?段食,或粗、或细;触食为第二;意思食为第三;识食为第四。”显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule adhunā pabbajite bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhagavato ca bhante bhikkhusaṅghassa ca mahālābhasakkāro udapādi, ekacce ca bhante bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā kulaputtā āhāraṃ apaccavekkhitvā paribhuñjiṃsu. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave āhārā bhūtānaṃ vā sattānaṃ ṭhitiyā sambhavesīnaṃ vā anuggahāya. Katame cattāro kabaḷīkāro āhāro oḷāriko vā sukhumo vā phasso dutiyo manosañcetanā tatiyā viññāṇaṃ catuttha’’nti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:尊者,对此,世尊又是如何开示段食所应被看待的方式的呢?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha kabaḷīkārassa āhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro bhagavatā pakāsito.
答曰:尊者,世尊在那里是这样开示段食所应看待之相的:“比丘们,譬如一对夫妇,带着少量干粮,踏上旷野险路。他们有一个独生子,是他们的爱子、心头所好……”显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – seyyathāpi bhikkhave dve jāyampatikā parittaṃ sambalaṃ ādāya kantāramaggaṃ paṭipajjeyyuṃ. Tesamassa ekaputtako piyo manāpoti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā kabaḷīkārassa āhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro pakāsito.
问曰:尊者,世尊在那里是如何开示触食所应看待之相的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā phassāhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro pakāsito.
答曰:尊者,世尊在那里是这样开示触食所应看待之相的:“比丘们,譬如一头被剥了皮的母牛,若依墙而立,那些依墙而居的众生便会啃食它。若依树而立……若依水而立……若依虚空而立,那些依虚空而居的众生便会啃食它。”显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – seyyathāpi bhikkhave gāvī niccammā kuṭṭaṃ ce nissāya tiṭṭheyya, ye kuṭṭanissitā pāṇā, te naṃ khādeyyuṃ. Rukkhaṃ ce nissāya tiṭṭheyya. Udakaṃ ce nissāya tiṭṭheyya. Ākāsaṃ ce nissāya tiṭṭheyya, ye ākāsanissitā pāṇā, te naṃ khādeyyunti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā phassassa āhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro vitthāretvā pakāsito.
比丘们,我确实说,触食应当这样看待。显示巴利原文
Evameva khvāhaṃ bhikkhave phassāhāro daṭṭhabboti vadāmi.
问:“尊者,世尊在那里是如何开示应当如何看待意思食的?”显示巴利原文
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā manosañcetanāhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro pakāsito.
解答:“诸比丘,譬如一个深逾一人的炭火坑,充满了无焰、无烟的炭火。那时,有一人到来,他想活命,不想死,想求快乐,厌恶痛苦。尊者,世尊便是以这样的方式等,详尽阐明了应当如何看待意思食之相。”显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – seyyathāpi bhikkhave aṅgārakāsu sādhikaporisā puṇṇā aṅgārānaṃ vītaccikānaṃ vītadhūmānaṃ. Atha puriso āgaccheyya jīvitukāmo amaritukāmo sukha kāmo dukkhappaṭikūloti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā manosañcetanāhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro vitthārena pakāsito.
问:尊者,世尊于彼处是如何开示识食所应观之相的呢?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā viññāṇāhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro pakāsito.
答:尊者,世尊于彼处以如这些方式阐明了识食的应观之相:‘诸比丘,犹如捉获作恶的盗贼后,押去给国王看,说道:大王,这是你的贼、作恶者,对此人,您想施以何种惩罚,便请施予吧。’显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – seyyathāpi bhikkhave coraṃ āgucāriṃ gahetvā rañño dasseyyuṃ ‘‘ayaṃ te devacoro āgucārī, imassa yaṃ icchasi, taṃ daṇḍaṃ paṇehī’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā viññāṇāhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro pakāsito.
苏西玛游方者经显示巴利原文
Susimaparibbājakasutta
问:尊者,彼世尊……那位正自觉者所宣说的《苏西玛游方者经》,是在何处、针对何人、依什么因缘、如何宣说的呢?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena susimaparibbājaka suttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
解答——尊者,那是在王舍城,缘于具寿苏西玛而宣说的。尊者,具寿苏西玛当时与比丘们的所有交谈议论,全都禀告了世尊。以此因缘,尊者,世尊作了如是开示:‘苏西玛,先是法住智,后是涅槃智。’显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantaṃ susimaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante susimo yāvatako bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ ahosi kathāsallāpo, taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘pubbe kho susima dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇaṃ, pacchā nibbāne ñāṇa’’nti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问——尊者,在那里,世尊是怎样对刚证得阿罗汉果的具寿苏西玛,以追问、反复诘问的方式,进一步为其广说法要的呢?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavā āyasmato susimattherassa sampatiarahattapattassa anuyogavasena paṭipucchitvā paṭipucchitvā uttari dhammadesanaṃ vitthāretvā desesi.
解答——‘苏西玛,你可看见:以生为缘而有老死?’‘是的,尊者。’‘苏西玛,你可看见:以有为缘而有生?’‘是的,尊者。’尊者,世尊在那里即以如是等方式,对刚证得阿罗汉果的具寿苏西玛,再以追问、反复诘问的方式,详尽地宣说了法。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇanti susima passasīti. Evaṃ bhante. Bhavapaccayā jātīti susima passasīti. Evaṃ bhanteti evamādinā bhante bhagavā tattha āyasmato susimassa sampatiarahattapattassa uttaripi anuyogavasena paṭipucchitvā paṭipucchitvā vitthārato dhammaṃ desesi.
尊者,愿世尊纳受我的过失,见为过失,为未来防护。显示巴利原文
Tassa me bhante bhagavā accayaṃ accayato paṭiggaṇhātu āyatiṃsaṃvarāya–
【通达相应】显示巴利原文
Abhisamayasaṃyutta
问——尊者,在《通达相应》中最初结集的《爪尖经》,是世尊在何处、针对谁、如何宣说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – abhisamayasaṃyutte panāvuso paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ nakhasikhāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,此经是世尊在舍卫城,以众多比丘为缘而宣说的:‘诸比丘,你们认为哪一样更多?是我放在指甲尖上这点尘土,还是这大地?’显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yo vāyaṃ mayā paritto nakhasikhāyaṃ paṃsuāropito, ayaṃ vā mahāpathavī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,那么《界相应》中的《经行经》,是世尊在何处、以谁为缘、如何宣说的呢?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – dhātusaṃyutte panāvuso caṅkamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,此经于王舍城,以众多比丘为缘,由世尊如斯宣说:「诸比丘,实以界故,众生相聚、相合。志向低劣者与志向低劣者相聚、相合;志向贤善者与志向贤善者相聚、相合。」显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dhātusova bhikkhave sattā saṃsandanti samenti, hīnādhimuttikā hīnādhimuttikehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti, kalyāṇādhimuttikā kalyāṇādhimuttikehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samentī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
无信者相聚经显示巴利原文
Assaddhasaṃsandanasutta
问曰:贤友,那么《无信者相聚经》,是世尊在何处、以谁为缘、如何宣说的呢?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – assaddhasaṃsandanasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,此经于舍卫城,以众多比丘为缘,由世尊如斯宣说:「诸比丘,实以界故,众生相聚、相合。无信者与无信者相聚、相合;无惭者与无惭者相聚、相合;无愧者与无愧者相聚、相合;寡闻者与寡闻者相聚、相合;懈怠者与懈怠者相聚、相合;失念者与失念者相聚、相合;劣慧者与劣慧者相聚、相合。」显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dhātusova bhikkhave sattā saṃsandanti samenti, assaddhā assaddhehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti, ahirikā ahirikehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti, anottappino. Appassutā. Kusītā. Muṭṭhassatino. Duppaññā duppaññehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samentī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
无始相应显示巴利原文
Anamataggasaṃyutta
问:贤友,《无始相应》中的第二结集《地经》,是世尊于何处、以谁为缘、如何宣说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – anamataggasaṃyutte āvuso dutiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ pathavīsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,此经是世尊在舍卫城时,以众多比丘为缘而宣说的,如下:“诸比丘,此轮回无始,为无明所覆、渴爱所缚的众生流转、轮回,前际不可了知。诸比丘,譬如有人将这块大土地做成枣核大小的泥丸,放置并说:‘这是我的父亲,这是我父亲的父亲。’诸比丘,那人的父亲之父尚无穷尽,而此大地已耗尽、灭尽。何以故?诸比丘,此轮回无始,为无明所覆、渴爱所缚的众生流转、轮回,前际不可了知。”显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Seyyathāpi bhikkhave puriso imaṃ mahāpathaviṃ kolaṭṭhimattaṃ kolaṭṭhimattaṃ mattikāguḷikaṃ karitvā nikkhipeyya ‘ayaṃ me piyā, tassa me pitu ayaṃ pitā’ti. Apariyādinnāva bhikkhave tassa purisassa pitupitaro assu. Athāyaṃ mahāpathavī parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya. Taṃ kissahetu, anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhā saṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ’’ evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
比丘们,你们如此长夜体验了苦,体验了剧苦,体验了灾祸,坟冢随之增广。显示巴利原文
Evaṃ dīgharattaṃ vo bhikkhave dukkhaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ tibbaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ byasanaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ kaṭasī vaḍḍhitā.
Alameva sabbasaṅkhāresu nibbindituṃ, Alaṃ virajjituṃ, alaṃ vimuccituṃ,
问:朋友,在这第三结集时传诵的《泪经》,是世尊在何处、对何人、如何宣说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tatthāvuso tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ assusuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,那是在舍卫城,针对众多比丘所宣说的。(世尊说:)“比丘们,你们认为如何?何者更多?是你们在这漫长的轮回流转中,因与不悦者相遇、与所爱者分离而号泣哀哭所流下的泪水多,还是四大洋中的水多?”世尊如这些宣说。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahuleyeva bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yaṃ vā vo iminā dīghena addhunā sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ amanāpasampayogā manāpavippayogā kandantānaṃ rodantānaṃ assu passannaṃ paggharitaṃ, yaṃ vā catūsu mahāsamuddesu udaka’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:朋友,在这第六结集时传诵的《芥子经》,是世尊在何处、对何人、因为什么事、如何宣说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tatthāvuso chaṭṭhaṃ saṃgītaṃ sāsapasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,此事于舍卫城,因某位比丘而说。尊者,当时有比丘问世尊:“尊者,一劫有多长呢?”尊者,世尊即依此事开示:“比丘,劫极为漫长,无法轻易以‘有这几年’乃至‘有这几十万年’等加以计算。”显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kīvadīgho nu kho bhante kappo’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘dīgho kho bhikkhu kappo, so na sukaro saṅkhātuṃ ettakāni vassāni itivā, (peyyāla) ettakāni vassasatasahassāni itivāti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:尊者,正自觉者于《无始相应》中所说的《恒河经》,是在何处、对何人、依何事、如何宣说的呢?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… sammāsambuddhena anamataggasaṃyutte gaṅgāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,此事于王舍城,因某位婆罗门而说。尊者,当时有婆罗门问世尊:“劫有多长……”显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante aññataraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kīva-
“乔达摩尊者,是否有许多劫已过去、已消逝呢?”在那件事上,尊者,世尊曾这样说:“婆罗门,确实有许多劫已过去、已消逝,这些劫不容易被计算为‘这么多劫’或‘这么多百劫’、‘这么多千劫’、‘这么多百千劫’。”显示巴利原文
Bahukā nu kho bho gotama kappā abbhatītā atikkantā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘bahukā kho brāhmaṇa kappā abbhatītā atikkantā, te na sukarā saṅkhātuṃ ‘ettakā kappā’ iti vā ‘ettakāni kappasatāni’ iti vā ‘ettakāni kappasahassāni’ itivā ‘ettakāni kappasatasahassāni’ iti vā’’ti eva mādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:“贤友,世尊宣说《人经》,是在何处、为谁而说、又是如何说的?”显示巴利原文
Pucchā – puggalasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:“尊者,世尊在王舍城,针对众多比丘宣说了此经:‘诸比丘,这轮回无始可见。为无明所覆盖、为渴爱所系缚的众生流转轮回时,其起始点不可知。诸比丘,若有人在一劫中流转轮回,他的骨骸、骨堆、骨聚会如这座毗富罗山般巨大,假如收集起来而不致毁坏。’”显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbākoṭi na paññāyati avijjā nīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Ekapuggalassa bhikkhave kappaṃ sandhāvato saṃsarato siyā evaṃ mahā aṭṭhikaṅkalo aṭṭhipuñjo aṭṭhirāsi, yathā yaṃ vepullo pabbato. Sace saṃhārako assa, sambhatañca na vinassetyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
苦者经、乐者经显示巴利原文
Duggatasutta, sukhitasutta
贤友,世尊是在何处、针对何人、以何种方式宣说《恶趣经》与《善趣经》的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tatthāvuso duggatasuttañca sukhitasuttañca bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:“尊者,在舍卫城,针对众多比丘,世尊这般说:‘比丘们,这轮回无始,众生为无明所覆、为渴爱所缚,流转生死,其起始之处不可了知。比丘们,你们若见到恶趣、恶相者,于此便应得出这样的结论:在这漫长的旅途中,我们也曾经历过如此。’显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Yaṃ bhikkhave passeyyātha duggataṃ durūpetaṃ, niṭṭhamettha gantabbaṃ ‘amhehipi evarūpaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ iminā dīghena addhunā’ti, yaṃ bhikkhave passeyyātha sukhitaṃ susajjitaṃ,
应得出这样的结论:‘在这漫长的旅途中,我们也曾经历过如此。’世尊以如这些语作了宣说。显示巴利原文
Niṭṭhamettha gantabbaṃ, ‘‘amhehipi paccanubhūtaṃ iminā dīghena addhunā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:“贤友,世尊是在何处、针对谁、如何宣说《三十经》的?”显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tiṃsamattasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:“尊者,在王舍城,世尊针对三十位来自波婆城的比丘,这样说:‘比丘们,这轮回是无始的,被无明所覆、被渴爱所缚的众生流转轮回,其起始点不可知。比丘们,你们认为如何?在这漫长的旅途中流转轮回时,你们被砍头所流的血多,还是四大海中的水多?’”显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante tiṃsamatte pāveyyake bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbākoṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yaṃ vā vo iminā dīghena addhunā sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ sīsacchinnānaṃ lohitaṃ passannaṃ paggharitaṃ, yaṃ vā catūsu mahāsamuddesu udaka’’nti evamādinā bhavagatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:“尊者,关于《母经》等六部经,世尊是在何处、针对谁、如何宣说的?”显示巴利原文
Pucchā – mātusuttādīni panāvuso chasuttāni bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,世尊在舍卫城,针对众多比丘而说:“诸比丘,此轮回无始可见,为无明所覆、为渴爱所系的众生,流转生死,其开端不可知。诸比丘,在这漫长的旅途中,要找一个未曾做过母亲的众生,并非易事;未曾做过父亲的,并非易事;未曾做过兄弟的,并非易事;未曾做过姐妹的,并非易事;未曾做过儿子的,并非易事;未曾做过女儿的,并非易事。”世尊正是这样宣说的。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Na so bhikkhave satto sulabharūpo, yo na mātābhūtapubbo iminā dīghena addhunā. Yo na pitābhūtapubbo. Yo na bhātābhūtapubbo. Yo na bhaginibhūtapubbo. Yo na puttabhūtapubbo. Yo na dhītābhūtapubbo iminā dīghena addhunā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
《迦叶相应》显示巴利原文
Kassapasaṃyutta
问:尊者,在《迦叶相应》中的《月喻经》,是世尊在何处、针对何事、以何种方式宣说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – kassapasaṃyutte panāvuso candūpamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,世尊在舍卫城,针对众多比丘,如此宣说:“比丘们,你们应当如月亮般前往俗家,收摄身行,收摄心意,在诸家中常作新来,不怀傲慢。比丘们,犹如有人眺望古井,或险峻山崖,或深谷河流,便会收摄身行,收摄心意。同样地,比丘们,你们应当如月亮般前往俗家,收摄身行,收摄心意,在诸家中常作新来,不怀傲慢。”世尊以这样的方式作了宣说。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘candūpamā bhikkhave kulāni upasaṅkamatha apakasseva kāyaṃ apakassa cittaṃ niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā. Seyyathāpi bhikkhave puriso jarudapānaṃ vā olokeyya pabbatavisamaṃ vā nadīviduggaṃ vā apakasseva kāyaṃ apakassa cittaṃ. Evameva kho bhikkhave candūpamā kulāni upasaṅkamatha apakasseva kāyaṃ apakassa cittaṃ niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
比丘们,你们认为如何?怎样的比丘才适宜前往俗家?显示巴利原文
Taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, kathaṃ rūpā bhikkhu arahati kulāni upasaṅkamituṃ.
问:尊者,世尊在那里开示了清净与不清净的法之后,又是如何教诫比丘的呢?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā parisuddhāparisuddha dhammadesanaṃ dassetvā bhikkhūnaṃ ovādo dinno.
答:“比丘们,你们认为如何?怎样的比丘是说法不清净者?怎样的比丘是说法清净者?”以这般方式详细开示了清净与不清净的说法之后,世尊说:“比丘们,我将以迦叶为范来教诫你们,或以与迦叶相似者为范;你们被教诫后,当如法修行。”尊者,世尊便是这样教诫比丘的。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, kathaṃ rūpassa bhikkhuno aparisuddhā dhammadesanā hoti, kathaṃ rūpassa bhikkhuno parisuddhā dhammadesanā hotī’’ti evamādinā parisuddhāparisuddhadhammadesanā vitthārato dassetvā ‘‘kassapena vā hi vo bhikkhave ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabba’’nti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavato bhikkhūnaṃ ovādo dinno.
比丘们,若有任何比丘怀持这样的心为他人说法:“啊,但愿他们听闻我的法;听闻之后,于法生起净信;生起净信后,对我作出净信的表达。”显示巴利原文
Yo hi koci bhikkhave bhikkhu evaṃcitto paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti ‘‘aho vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca pana dhammaṃ pasīdeyyuṃ, pasannā ca me pasannākāraṃ kareyyuṃ–
世尊所善说的法,是现见的、无时的、来见的、能引导的、智者各自应亲证的。显示巴利原文
Svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehi passiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhi–
比丘们,我将以迦叶尊者为典范来教诫你们,或以与迦叶尊者相似者来教诫你们;你们受教诫后,应当为证得真实而行道。显示巴利原文
Kassapena vā hi vo bhikkhave ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabbaṃ–
问:尊者,彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者所宣说的、与迦叶尊者相关的第四《家访经》,是在何处、针对何人、以何种方式宣说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena kassapasaṃyutte catutthaṃ kulūpakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,在舍卫城,世尊针对众多比丘,以“比丘们,你们认为如何?怎样的比丘堪称常访俗家者,怎样的比丘不配做常访俗家者?”等开示,宣说了此经。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, kathaṃ rūpo bhikkhu arahati kulūpako hotuṃ, kathaṃ rūpo bhikkhu na arahati kulūpako hotu’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
比丘们,我或者以迦叶的身份教导你们,或者以与迦叶同等者的身份教导你们。既受教导,你们应当为证得彼义而修行。显示巴利原文
Kassapena vā hi vo bhikkhave ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabbaṃ.
第二教诫经显示巴利原文
Dutiya ovādasutta
问:尊者,世尊所说的第二教诫经,是在何处、与谁共、以何种因缘宣说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tatthevāvuso bhagavatā dutiya ovādasuttaṃ kattha kena saddhiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,这是世尊在王舍城,与具寿大迦叶一起时宣说的。世尊以“迦叶,教导比丘们;迦叶,为比丘们说法。迦叶,或者由我教导比丘们,或者由你;或者由我为比丘们说法,或者由你”等开示而说。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmatā mahākassapena saddhiṃ ‘‘ovada kassapa bhikkhū, karohi kassapa bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ, ahaṃ vā kassapa bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā, ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,若有人于善法无信、无惭、无愧、无精进、无慧……显示巴利原文
Yassa kassaci bhante saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī natthi. Ottappaṃ natthi. Vīriyaṃ natthi. Paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu.
第三教诫经显示巴利原文
Tatiya ovādasutta
问:尊者,世尊所说的第三教诫经,是在何处、与谁一起、如何宣说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tatthevāvuso bhagavatā tatiyaovādasuttaṃ kattha kena saddhiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,在王舍城,世尊与具寿大迦叶一起,以「迦叶,教诫比丘们;迦叶,为比丘们说法。迦叶,要么我教诫比丘,要么你教诫;要么我为比丘们说法,要么你说法」等开示而宣说的。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmatāyeva mahākassapena saddhiṃ ‘‘ovada kassapa bhikkhū. Karohi kassapa bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ, ahaṃ vā kassapa bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā. Ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammaṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,如今的比丘们难以劝告,具足难劝告之法,不堪忍,于教诫不能恭敬领受——显示巴利原文
Dubbacā kho bhante etarahi bhikkhū dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā akkhamā appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsaniṃ–
相似正法经显示巴利原文
Saddhammappatirūpakasutta
问:贤友,世尊所说的《相似正法经》结尾部分,是在何处、针对何人、以何事为因缘、如何宣说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tatthevāvuso bhagavatā pariyosānaṃ saddhammappatirūpakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,这是在舍卫城,针对尊者大迦叶而宣说的。尊者大迦叶对世尊这样说:“尊者,是何因、何缘,使得往昔戒条较少,却有较多比丘证得究竟智而安住?尊者,又是何因、何缘,使得如今戒条较多,而证得究竟智安住的比丘反而较少?”尊者,世尊即以此事为因缘,以“迦叶,正是如此,当众生退减、正法隐没时,戒条便增多,而证得究竟智安住的比丘却较少”等开示而宣说。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃyeva mahākassapaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante mahākassapo bhagavantaṃ etadevoca ‘‘ko nu kho bhante hetu ko paccayo, yena pubbe appatarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni ahesuṃ, bahutarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahiṃsu. Ko pana bhante hetu ko paccayo, yenetarahi bahutarāni ceva sakkhāpadāni appatarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahantī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘evañcetaṃ kassapa hoti sattesu hāyamānesu saddhamme antaradhāyamāne bahutarāniceva sikkhāpadāni honti, appatarāca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahantī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
《利养恭敬相应》显示巴利原文
Lābhasakkārasaṃyutta
问:贤友,由……等正觉者所开示、辑入《利养恭敬相应》、由结集者结集的第五经《粪虫经》,是在何处、对谁、又以何种方式宣说的呢?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… sammāsambuddhena lābhasakkāraṃyutte pañcamaṃ saṃgītaṃ mīḷhakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,世尊在舍卫城,针对众多比丘,如此开示:“比丘们,利养、恭敬、名声是可怕的、粗暴的,是证得无上安稳的障碍。比丘们,譬如粪虫,以粪为食、以粪为饱、满腹粪秽,面前更有一大堆粪,它便因此轻蔑其他粪虫:‘我以粪为食、以粪为饱、满腹粪秽,我面前还有这一大堆粪。’”显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dāruṇo bhikkhave lābhasakkārasiloko pharuso antarāyiko anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya. Seyyathāpi bhikkhave mīḷhakā gūthādī gūthapūrā puṇṇā gūthassa, purato cassa mahāgūthapuñjo, sā tena aññā mīḷhakā atimaññeyya ‘‘ahamhi gūthādī gūthapūrā puṇṇā gūthassa, purato ca myāyaṃ mahāgūthapuñjo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
比丘们,对于那个愚人,那确实会在长夜里带来不利与痛苦。显示巴利原文
Taṃ hi tassa bhikkhave moghapurisassa hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya.
比丘们,利养、恭敬与名声,竟是如此可怕。显示巴利原文
Evaṃ dāruṇo kho bhikkhave lābhasakkārasiloko.
因此,比丘们,你们应当这样学:'我们当舍断已生起的利养、恭敬与名声,而未生起的利养、恭敬与名声,则不会盘踞我们的心。'比丘们,你们应当这样学。显示巴利原文
Tasmātiha bhikkhave evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ, ‘‘uppannaṃ lābhasakkārasi lokaṃ pajahissāma, na ca no uppanno lābhasakkārasiloko cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassabhī’’ti, evañhi kho bhikkhave sikkhitabbaṃ.
问曰:贤友,古代结集法的诸长老所结集的《独子经》,在何处说、针对谁说、又是如何说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tattho āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakehi saṃgītaṃ ekaputtakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbhaṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:在舍卫城,尊者(世尊)以众多比丘为缘而说:“比丘们,利养、恭敬与名声是可怕的、苦涩的、粗劣的,是证得无上安稳的障碍。比丘们,具足信心的优婆夷若对独生爱子正确地恳求,应如此恳求:‘孩子,你要成为像质多居士和阿腊毗人哈特迦那样的人。’”世尊正是以这些方式宣说此经。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dāruṇo bhikkhave lābhasakkārasiloko kaṭuko pharuso antarāyiko anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya, saddhā bhikkhave upāsikā ekaputtakaṃ piyaṃ manāpaṃ evaṃ sammāāyācamānā āyāceyya tādiso tāta bhavāhi, yādiso citto ca gahapati hatthako ca āḷavako’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
“比丘们,在我的声闻弟子优婆塞中,这就是衡量与尺度:即质多居士与阿腊毗人哈特迦。”显示巴利原文
Esā bhikkhave tulā etaṃ pamāṇaṃ mama sāvakānaṃ upāsakānaṃ yadidaṃ citto ca gahapati hatthako ca āḷavako.
孩子,你若从在家生活出家而过无家的生活,那么,孩子,你应当成为如舍利弗与目犍连那样的人。显示巴利原文
Sace kho tvaṃ tāta agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajasi, tādiso tāta bhavāhi, yādisā sāriputtamoggallānā.
然而,孩子,切莫让利养、恭敬与名声降临于尚未证得有学心的你。显示巴利原文
Mā ca kho tvaṃ tāta sekhaṃ appattamānasaṃ lābhasakkārasiloko anupāpuṇātu–
比丘们,利养、恭敬与名声就是这般可怕、苦涩、粗劣,是证得无上安稳的障碍。显示巴利原文
Evaṃ dāruṇo bhikkhave lābhasakkārasiloko kaṭuko pharuso antarāyiko anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya.
问——贤友,由往昔结集法藏的长老们在此处结集的《独女经》,是世尊在何处、针对谁、如何宣说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāyakehi saṃgītaṃ ekadhītusuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
解答——正是于舍卫城,尊者。世尊针对众多比丘说:“诸比丘,利养、恭敬与名声,可怕、苦涩、粗劣,是证得无上安稳的障碍。诸比丘,有信心的优婆夷,若要正确地恳求独生爱女,应如此恳求:‘女士,愿你成为如优婆夷久寿多罗与韦卢甘达的难陀母那样的人。’诸比丘,于我的声闻弟子中,优婆夷的衡量标准与尺度,便是优婆夷久寿多罗和韦卢甘达的难陀母。”尊者,世尊即以这些方式宣说。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dāruṇo bhikkhave lābhasakkārasiloko kaṭuko pharuso antarāyiko anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya. Saddhā bhikkhave upāsikā ekaṃ dhītaraṃ piyaṃ manāpaṃ evaṃ sammā āyācamānā āyāceyya ‘tādisā ayye bhavāhi, yādisā khujjuttarā ca upāsikā veḷukaṇḍakiyā ca nandamātā’ti. Esā bhikkhave tulā etaṃ pamāṇaṃ mama sāvikānaṃ upāsikānaṃ, yadidaṃ khujjuttarā ca upāsikā veḷukaṇḍakiyā ca nandamātā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
女士,你若从在家生活出家,过无家的生活,便应成为如比丘尼凯摩与莲花色那样的人。显示巴利原文
Sace kho tvaṃ ayye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajasi, bhādisā ayye bhavāhi, yādisā khemā ca bhikkhunī uppalavaṇṇā ca–
因此,比丘们,你们应当这样学。显示巴利原文
Tasmātiha bhikkhave evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ.
罗睺罗相应显示巴利原文
Rāhulasaṃyutta
问:友!世尊是在何处、针对何人、以何事为缘、如何宣说罗睺罗相应的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – rāhulasaṃyuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这是于舍卫城,针对具寿罗睺罗所说。具寿罗睺罗曾对世尊这样说:“尊者,恳请世尊简要为我说法;我听闻世尊的法后,当独处、不放逸、热忱、精进而住。”尊者,在此事由中,世尊以“罗睺罗,你意下如何?眼是常,还是无常?”“尊者,是无常。”“那么,凡是无常的,是苦,还是乐?”“尊者,是苦。”“那么,凡是无常、苦、变易法,是否适宜这样观察:‘这是我的,这是我,这是我的自我’?”“尊者,这不适宜。”等这样的方式宣说。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ rāhulaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante rāhulo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sādhu me bhante bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi rāhula, cakkhuniccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vāti. Aniccaṃ bhante. Yaṃ panāniccaṃ, dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vāti. Dukkhaṃ bhante. Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ ‘etaṃ mama, eso hamasmi, eso me attā’ti. No hetaṃ bhante’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
相相应显示巴利原文
Lakkhaṇasaṃyutta
问:尊者,在《相相应》中,由古代结集法藏的长老们最初结集的《骨经》,世尊是在何处、针对谁、在什么事由中、如何宣说的呢?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – lakkhaṇasaṃyutte panāvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakattherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ aṭṭhisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
解答:尊者,此是在王舍城,针对具寿相与具寿大目犍连而说。尊者,具寿相于世尊面前对具寿大目犍连这样说:“此处,具寿大目犍连从灵鹫山下来时,于某处露现微笑。贤友,目犍连,你以何因、何缘露现微笑?”尊者,具寿大目犍连以“贤友,此处,我从灵鹫山下来时,见一具骸骨行于空中”等语而答。尊者,对此事由,世尊如此开示:“诸比丘,弟子们实住于眼;诸比丘,弟子们实住于智;因为这样的弟子能了知、能见、能作证。”显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantañca lakkhaṇaṃ āyasmantañca mahāmoggallānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante lakkhaṇo bhagavatā sammukhe āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca ‘‘idhāyasmā mahāmoggallāno gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto aññatarasmiṃ padese sitaṃ pātvākāsi, ko nu kho āvuso moggallāna hetu, ko paccayo sitassa pātukammāyā’’ti. Āyasmā ca bhante mahāmoggallāno ‘‘idhāhaṃ āvuso gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantiṃ’’ti evamādinā ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cakkhubhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, ñāṇabhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, yatrahi nāma sāvako evarūpaṃ ñassati vā dakkhati vā sakkhiṃ vā karissatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
Acchariyaṃ vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho; Evarūpopi nāma satto bhavissati.
问:尊者,由那位了知者……(中略)……正自觉者所宣说、在《相相应》中第三结集的《肉团经》,是世尊在何处、针对谁、以何事为因缘、如何宣说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tenāvuso jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena lakkhaṇasaṃyutte tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ piṇḍasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,此是在王舍城,针对具寿相与具寿大目犍连而说。尊者,具寿相在世尊面前对具寿大目犍连这样说:“贤友,具寿大目犍连从灵鹫山下来时,在某处露出了微笑。目犍连贤友,是什么原因、什么因缘让你露出微笑呢?”尊者,具寿大目犍连以“贤友,我从灵鹫山下来时,看见一团肉在空中行走,兀鹰、乌鸦、隼追逐它、反复冲撞它,啄食它、撕裂它,它发出痛苦的叫声”等这样的方式告知。尊者,以此事为因缘,世尊以“诸比丘,弟子们确实安住于成为有眼者;诸比丘,弟子们确实安住于成为有智者;因为像这样的弟子将能了知、或能看见、或能作证这些”的方式宣说。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantañca lakkhaṇaṃ āyasmantañca mahāmoggallānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante lakkhaṇo bhaggavato sammukhe āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca ‘‘idhāyasmā mahāmoggallāno gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto aññatarasmiṃ padese sitaṃ pātvākāsi , ko nukho āvuso moggallānahetu, ko paccayo sitassa pātukammāyā’’ti. Āyasmā ca bhante mahāmoggallāno ‘‘idhāhaṃ āvuso gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ maṃsapiṇḍaṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantaṃ, tamenaṃ gijjhāpi kākāpi kulalāpi anupatitvā anupatitvā vitacchenti virājenti. Sā sudaṃ aṭṭassaraṃ karotī’’ti evamādinā ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cakkhubhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, ñāṇabhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, yatrahi nāma sāvako evarūpaṃ ñassati vā dakkhati vā sakkhiṃ vā karissatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:尊者,同样地,由古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的《剑毛经》,是世尊在何处、针对谁、以何事为因缘、如何宣说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakehi mahātherehi saṃgītaṃ asilomasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,这是世尊在王舍城,针对勒叉那尊者与大目犍连尊者所说的。尊者,勒叉那尊者在世尊面前,对大目犍连尊者这样说:‘目犍连贤友,是什么因缘,让你泛起微笑?’尊者,大目犍连长老则这样说明:‘贤友,我从这灵鹫山下来时,看见针毛夜叉在虚空中行走。’尊者,关于此事,世尊说:‘诸比丘,弟子们确实是具眼而住;诸比丘,弟子们确实是具智而住。’(略)‘诸比丘,这个有情曾在这王舍城以杀猪为业。’等等,世尊如此说。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantañca lakkhaṇaṃ āyasmantañca mahāmoggallānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante lakkhaṇo bhagavato sammukhe āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho āvuso moggallāna hetu, ko paccayo sitassa pātukammāyā’’ti. Āyasmā ca bhante mahāmoggallānatthero ‘‘idhāhaṃ āvuso gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ asilomaṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantaṃ’’ti evamādinā ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ cakkhubhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, ñāṇabhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti. (Peyyāla) eso bhikkhave satto imasmiṃyeva rājagahe sūkariko ahosī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:友,结集经典的诸大长老所结集的《针毛经》,世尊是在何处、针对何人、因何事、如何说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi saṃgītaṃ sūcilomasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,正是在那里,于王舍城,针对勒叉那尊者与大目犍连尊者所说的。尊者,勒叉那尊者在世尊面前,也是如此说的。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante rājagahe āyasmantañca lakkhaṇaṃ āyasmantañca mahāmoggallānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante lakkhaṇo bhagavato sammukhe tatheva avoca.
尊者大摩嘎剌那也如实作了宣告。尊者,关于此事,世尊如此说:‘比丘们,弟子们确是具眼而住;比丘们,弟子们确是具智而住。(中略)比丘们,此众生即是那曾在王舍城为屠猪者。’显示巴利原文
Āyasmā ca bhante mahāmoggallāno tatheva ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cakkhubhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, ñāṇabhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, (peyyāla) eso bhikkhave satto imasmiṃyeva rājagahe sūto ahosī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitā.
恶比丘经显示巴利原文
Pāpabhikkhusutta
问:贤友,就在那里,由往昔诸法结集大长老所结集的《恶比丘经》等五部经,是世尊在何处、针对何人、于何事中、如何宣说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi saṃgītāni pāpabhikkhusuttādīni pañcasuttāni bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitāni.
答:于王舍城,针对尊者大勒弃那与尊者大摩嘎剌那而说。尊者大勒弃那于世尊面前,依前述方式作了宣告。尊者大摩嘎剌那则如此宣告:‘贤友,我于此地从灵鹫山下来时,见一比丘、一比丘尼、一在学尼、一沙马内拉、一沙马内莉行于虚空。其僧伽帝衣、钵、腰带、身体皆炽燃、炽热、火焰炽盛,彼正发出痛苦惨叫。’关于此事,世尊如此说:‘比丘们,弟子们确是具眼而住;比丘们,弟子们确是具智而住。(中略)比丘们,此比丘曾是迦叶正自觉者教法中的恶比丘;比丘们,此比丘尼曾是迦叶正自觉者教法中的恶比丘尼;比丘们,此在学尼曾是迦叶正自觉者教法中的恶在学尼;比丘们,此沙马内拉曾是迦叶正自觉者教法中的恶沙马内拉;比丘们,此沙马内莉曾是迦叶正自觉者教法中的恶沙马内莉。’世尊如此宣说。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – rājagahe āyasmantañca lakkhaṇaṃ āyasmantañca mahāmoggallānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitāni. Āyasmā bhante lakkhaṇo bhagavato sammukhe pubbe vuttanayeneva ārocesi. Āyasmā ca bhante mahāmoggallāno ‘‘idhāhaṃ āvuso gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ bhikkhuṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantaṃ. Addasaṃ bhikkhuniṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantiṃ. Addasaṃ sikkhamānaṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantiṃ. Addasaṃ sāmaṇeraṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantaṃ. Addasaṃ sāmaṇeriṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantiṃ. Tassā saṅghāṭipi ādittā sampajjalitā sajotibhūtā, pattopi āditto sampajjalito sajotibhūto, kāyabandhanampi ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ , kāyopi āditto sampajjalito sajotibhūto, sā sudaṃ aṭṭassaraṃ karotī’’ti evamādinā ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cakkhubhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti ñāṇabhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti. (Peyyāla). Eso bhikkhave bhikkhu kassapassasammāsambuddhassa pāvacane pāpabhikkhu ahosi. Esā bhikkhave bhikkhunī kassapassa sammāsambuddhassa pāvacane pāpabhikkhunī ahosi. Esā bhikkhave sikkhamānā kassapassa sammāsambuddhassa pāvacane pāpasikkhamānā ahosi. Eso bhikkhave sāmaṇero kassapassasammāsambuddhassa pāvacane pāpasāmaṇero ahosi. Esā bhikkhave sāmaṇerī kassapassa sammāsambuddhassa pāvacane pāpasāmaṇerī ahosī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitāni.
名称——『比喻相应经』显示巴利原文
Opammasaṃyutta
问:尊者,在《譬喻相应》中,由诸古法集大长老所结集的《爪尖经》,世尊是在何处、因何人、以何种方式而说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – opammasaṃyutte āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi saṃgītaṃ nakhasikhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,在舍卫城,针对众多比丘而说。世尊这样说:“诸比丘,你们认为如何?是我用指甲尖所挑起的这少许尘土多,还是这大地上的尘土多?”等等。显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yo cāyaṃ mayā paritto nakhasikhāyaṃ paṃsu āropito, yā cāyaṃ mahāpathavī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
诸比丘,你们认为如何?究竟哪一样更多?显示巴利原文
Taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ.
因此,诸比丘,应如是修学。显示巴利原文
Tasmātiha bhikkhave evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ.
问:尊者,昔日诸法结集大长老所结集的《楔钉经》,是世尊在何处、为谁、如何宣说的?显示巴利原文
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi saṃgītaṃ āṇisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,世尊正是于舍卫城,针对众多比丘,如此宣说:“诸比丘,过去,陀沙罗人有一面名为阿那迦的鼓。当陀沙罗人的阿那迦鼓破裂时,他们钉入另一根楔钉。诸比丘,那时,阿那迦鼓的旧鼓面消失,只剩下楔钉的集合体。”显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ bhikkhave dasārahānaṃ ānako nāma mudiṅgo ahosi, tassa dasārahā ānake ghaṭite aññaṃ āṇiṃ odahiṃsu, ahu kho so bhikkhave samayo yaṃ ānakassa mudiṅgassa porāṇaṃ pokkharaphalakaṃ antaradhāyi , āṇisaṅghāṭova avasissī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
比丘相应显示巴利原文
Bhikkhusaṃyutta
问:“尊者,世尊在《比丘相应》中所宣说的《新经》,是在何处、针对谁、如何宣说的?”显示巴利原文
Pucchā – bhikkhusaṃyutte āvuso bhagavatā navasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答:“尊者,这是在舍卫城,针对一位新比丘而说的。尊者,有一位新比丘,食后托钵还归,进入寺院后,便闲居无事,默然不语,陷于昏沉;当比丘们缝制衣时,他亦不为诸比丘执役服劳。尊者,针对此事,世尊如是宣说:‘诸比丘,你们不要对此比丘心生不满。诸比丘,这位比丘于四禅那——增上心法、现法乐住——是随意获得者、不难获得者、不苦获得者。’”显示巴利原文
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ navaṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante navo bhikkhu pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto vihāraṃ pavisitvā apposukko tuṇhībhūto saṅkasāyabhi, na bhikkhūnaṃ veyyāvaccaṃ karoti cīvarakārasamaye tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘mā kho tumhe bhikkhave etassa bhikkhuno ujjhāyitthā eso kho bhikkhave bhikkhu catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhamma sukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī akicchalābhī akasiralābhī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,我也尽我的本分事。显示巴利原文
Ahampi kho bhante sakaṃ kiccaṃ karomi,
诸比丘,这位比丘确实是四禅那——增上心法、现法乐住——的随意获得者、不难获得者、不苦获得者。显示巴利原文
Eso kho bhikkhave bhikkhu catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī akicchalābhī akasiralābhī –
这并非依赖懈怠就能成就,也非凭借微弱的精进就能达成;
涅槃应当证得,它能解脱一切苦;
这位年轻的比丘,正是那最上之人;
他持此最后之身,已胜魔军及其眷属——
显示巴利原文 Nayidaṃ sithilamārabbha, nayidaṃ appena thāmasā; Nibbānaṃ adhigantabbaṃ, sabbadukkhappamocanaṃ; Ayañca daharo bhikkhu, ayamuttamapuriso; Dhāreti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhiniṃ–