问:贤友,在《迦叶相应》里的《月喻经》,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、又是怎样宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – kassapasaṃyutte panāvuso candūpamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在舍卫城,针对众多比丘,世尊这样宣说:“比丘们,你们要像月亮一样去接近俗家,收摄身体,收摄心意,在俗家面前始终像新来的人一样,不鲁莽。比丘们,就好像有人去看古井,或者险峻的山崖,或者河流的深险处,无论看向哪里,都会收摄身体,收摄心意。同样地,比丘们,你们要像月亮一样去接近俗家,收摄身体,收摄心意,在俗家面前始终像新来的人一样,不鲁莽。”世尊以这样的话等作了宣说。巴利
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘candūpamā bhikkhave kulāni upasaṅkamatha apakasseva kāyaṃ apakassa cittaṃ niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā. Seyyathāpi bhikkhave puriso jarudapānaṃ vā olokeyya pabbatavisamaṃ vā nadīviduggaṃ vā apakasseva kāyaṃ apakassa cittaṃ. Evameva kho bhikkhave candūpamā kulāni upasaṅkamatha apakasseva kāyaṃ apakassa cittaṃ niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
比丘们,你们怎么想?具足何种相貌的比丘才适合去俗家拜访?巴利
Taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, kathaṃ rūpā bhikkhu arahati kulāni upasaṅkamituṃ.
问:尊者,世尊在那里开示了清净与不清净的法之后,是怎样给比丘们作教诫的?巴利
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā parisuddhāparisuddha dhammadesanaṃ dassetvā bhikkhūnaṃ ovādo dinno.
回答:“比丘们,你们怎么想?比丘怎样说法是不清净的?比丘怎样说法是清净的?”像这样,世尊详细说明了清净和不清净的说法之后,又说:“比丘们,我要以迦叶为榜样来教诫你们,或者以和迦叶类似的人为榜样;你们受到教诫之后,应当照着如实修行。”尊者,世尊就是这样对比丘们作了教诫。巴利
Vissajjanā – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, kathaṃ rūpassa bhikkhuno aparisuddhā dhammadesanā hoti, kathaṃ rūpassa bhikkhuno parisuddhā dhammadesanā hotī’’ti evamādinā parisuddhāparisuddhadhammadesanā vitthārato dassetvā ‘‘kassapena vā hi vo bhikkhave ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabba’’nti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavato bhikkhūnaṃ ovādo dinno.
比丘们,如果有任何一位比丘,以这样的心为他人说法:“真希望他们能听我讲法;听了法之后,能对法生起净信;生起净信之后,能对我表达他们的净信。”巴利
Yo hi koci bhikkhave bhikkhu evaṃcitto paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti ‘‘aho vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca pana dhammaṃ pasīdeyyuṃ, pasannā ca me pasannākāraṃ kareyyuṃ–
法是世尊善巧宣说的,当下就能见到,不受时间限制,欢迎来亲自看看,能引导人向前,智者应当各自亲自体证。巴利
Svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehi passiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhi–
比丘们,我将以迦叶为榜样来教导你们,也将以任何与迦叶相似的人来教导你们;而你们受到教导之后,就应当为了如实性而修行。巴利
Kassapena vā hi vo bhikkhave ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabbaṃ–
问:贤友,那位世尊……乃至……正自觉者,在《迦叶相应》中,针对谁、在何处、以什么方式宣说了第四《家访经》?巴利
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena kassapasaṃyutte catutthaṃ kulūpakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在舍卫城,世尊针对众多比丘,以“比丘们,你们怎么想?什么样的比丘才配得上做常去俗家走访的人?什么样的比丘不配做常去俗家走访的人?”等话作了开示。巴利
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, kathaṃ rūpo bhikkhu arahati kulūpako hotuṃ, kathaṃ rūpo bhikkhu na arahati kulūpako hotu’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
比丘们,我要么以迦叶为榜样来教导你们,要么就让一个像迦叶那样的人来教导你们。你们受到教导之后,就应当依照如实性去修行。巴利
Kassapena vā hi vo bhikkhave ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabbaṃ.
问:朋友,世尊是在哪里、和谁一起、以及怎样宣说了第二教诫经?巴利
Pucchā – tatthevāvuso bhagavatā dutiya ovādasuttaṃ kattha kena saddhiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这是世尊在王舍城,和具寿大迦叶在一起时说的。世尊说:“迦叶,你教导比丘们;迦叶,你为比丘们说法。或者我来教导比丘们,或者你;或者我来为比丘们说法,或者你。”就是以这类话说的。巴利
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmatā mahākassapena saddhiṃ ‘‘ovada kassapa bhikkhū, karohi kassapa bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ, ahaṃ vā kassapa bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā, ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,任何人如果在善法上没有信,就没有惭,没有愧,没有精进,在善法上没有慧。巴利
Yassa kassaci bhante saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī natthi. Ottappaṃ natthi. Vīriyaṃ natthi. Paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu.
第三次教诫经巴利
Tatiya ovādasutta
问:朋友,世尊是在哪里、和谁一起、怎样宣说第三教诫经的?巴利
Pucchā – tatthevāvuso bhagavatā tatiyaovādasuttaṃ kattha kena saddhiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在王舍城,世尊和具寿大迦叶在一起时这样说过:“迦叶,你去教诫比丘们;迦叶,你为比丘们说法。迦叶,要么我来教诫比丘们,要么你来;要么我为比丘们说法,要么你来。”巴利
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmatāyeva mahākassapena saddhiṃ ‘‘ovada kassapa bhikkhū. Karohi kassapa bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ, ahaṃ vā kassapa bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā. Ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammaṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,现在的比丘们确实难以劝告,他们具备让人难以劝告的素质,不能忍耐,不能恭敬地接受教诫——巴利
Dubbacā kho bhante etarahi bhikkhū dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā akkhamā appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsaniṃ–
相似正法经巴利
Saddhammappatirūpakasutta
问:贤友,世尊在迦叶相应末尾所说的《相似正法经》,是在哪里讲的?是针对谁讲的?以什么为因由?又是怎样宣说的?巴利
Pucchā – tatthevāvuso bhagavatā pariyosānaṃ saddhammappatirūpakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,这是在舍卫城,针对具寿大迦叶而说的。具寿大迦叶对世尊这样说:“尊者,是什么因、什么缘,使得从前学处较少,却有更多比丘证得究竟智而安住?尊者,又是什么因、什么缘,使得现在学处较多,而证得究竟智安住的比丘反而较少?”尊者,世尊就是针对这件事,以“迦叶,正是如此,当众生衰退、正法隐没时,学处就会增多,而证得究竟智安住的比丘却会减少”等话而宣说的。巴利
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃyeva mahākassapaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante mahākassapo bhagavantaṃ etadevoca ‘‘ko nu kho bhante hetu ko paccayo, yena pubbe appatarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni ahesuṃ, bahutarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahiṃsu. Ko pana bhante hetu ko paccayo, yenetarahi bahutarāni ceva sakkhāpadāni appatarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahantī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘evañcetaṃ kassapa hoti sattesu hāyamānesu saddhamme antaradhāyamāne bahutarāniceva sikkhāpadāni honti, appatarāca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahantī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
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