5. 五法之解说
5. Pañcakaniddeso
17. 小事分别 · 37 段
(1) 五下分结
(1) Pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni
940于此,什么是五下分结?有身见、疑、戒禁取、欲贪、嗔恚——这些是五下分结。
Tattha katamāni pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni? Sakkāyadiṭṭhi, vicikicchā, sīlabbataparāmāso, kāmacchando, byāpādo – imāni pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni.
(2) 五上分结
(2) Pañcuddhambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni
于此,什么是五上分结?色贪、无色贪、慢、掉举、无明——这些是五上分结。
Tattha katamāni pañcuddhambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni? Rūparāgo, arūparāgo, māno, uddhaccaṃ, avijjā – imāni pañcuddhambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni.
(3) 五悭
(3) Pañca macchariyāni
于此,什么是五悭?住处悭、家悭、利养悭、称赞悭、法悭——这些是五悭。
Tattha katamāni pañca macchariyāni? Āvāsamacchariyaṃ, kulamacchariyaṃ, lābhamacchariyaṃ, vaṇṇamacchariyaṃ, dhammamacchariyaṃ – imāni pañca macchariyāni.
于此,什么是五缚?贪缚、嗔缚、痴缚、慢缚、见缚——这些是五缚。
Tattha katame pañca saṅgā? Rāgasaṅgo, dosasaṅgo, mohasaṅgo, mānasaṅgo, diṭṭhisaṅgo – ime pañca saṅgā.
于此,什么是五箭?贪箭、嗔箭、痴箭、慢箭、见箭——这些是五箭。
Tattha katame pañca sallā? Rāgasallaṃ, dosasallaṃ, mohasallaṃ, mānasallaṃ, diṭṭhisallaṃ – ime pañca sallā.
(6) 五心荒芜
(6) Pañca cetokhilā
941其中,什么是五心荒芜?对导师疑惑、犹豫、不确信、不净信,对法疑惑、犹豫、不确信、不净信,对僧团疑惑、犹豫、不确信、不净信,对学处疑惑、犹豫、不确信、不净信,对同梵行者愤怒、不满、心怀伤害、生起荒芜——这些是五心荒芜。
Tattha katame pañca cetokhilā? Satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, dhamme kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, saṅghe kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, sikkhāya kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto – ime pañca cetokhilā.
(7) 五心束缚
(7) Pañca cetaso vinibandhā
于此,什么是五心栓?对诸欲未离贪、未离欲、未离爱、未离渴、未离热恼、未离渴爱;对身未离贪……对色未离贪……随欲饱食、填满肚腹后,耽于卧乐、侧卧乐、睡眠乐而住;期望某天众而行梵行:“我以此戒、或誓愿、或苦行、或梵行,将成为天人或某一类天人。”——这些是五心栓。
Tattha katame pañca cetaso vinibandhā? Kāme avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho; kāye avītarāgo hoti… rūpe avītarāgo hoti… yāvadatthaṃ udarāvadehakaṃ bhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṃ passasukhaṃ middhasukhaṃ anuyutto viharati; aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṃ carati – ‘‘imināhaṃ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’’ti – ime pañca cetasovinibandhā.
(8) 五盖
(8) Pañca nīvaraṇāni
于此,什么是五盖?欲贪盖、嗔恚盖、昏沉睡眠盖、掉举追悔盖、疑盖——这些是五盖。
Tattha katamāni pañca nīvaraṇāni? Kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ, byāpādanīvaraṇaṃ, thinamiddhanīvaraṇaṃ, uddhaccakukkuccanīvaraṇaṃ, vicikicchānīvaraṇaṃ – imāni pañca nīvaraṇāni.
(9) 五无间业
(9) Pañca kammāni ānantarikāni
其中,什么是五无间业?母亲被夺去生命,父亲被夺去生命,阿拉汉被夺去生命,以恶心使如来出血,僧团被破——这些是五无间业。
Tattha katamāni pañca kammāni ānantarikāni? Mātā jīvitā voropitā hoti, pitā jīvitā voropito hoti, arahanto jīvitā voropito hoti, duṭṭhena cittena tathāgatassa lohitaṃ uppāditaṃ hoti , saṅgho bhinno hoti – imāni pañca kammāni ānantarikāni.
(10) 五见
(10) Pañca diṭṭhiyo
于此,什么是五见?有些人主张:“有想的我于死后无病”,有些人主张:“无想的我于死后无病”,有些人主张:“非想非非想的我于死后无病”;或者他们施设存在的有情之断灭、消灭、无有;或者有些人主张现法涅槃——这些是五见。
Tattha katamā pañca diṭṭhiyo? ‘‘Saññī attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā’’ti ittheke abhivadanti, ‘‘asaññī attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā’’ti ittheke abhivadanti, ‘‘nevasaññīnāsaññī attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā’’ti ittheke abhivadanti, sato vā pana sattassa ucchedaṃ vināsaṃ vibhavaṃ paññāpenti, diṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ vā paneke abhivadanti – imā pañca diṭṭhiyo.
942于此,什么是五怨?杀生、不与取、欲邪行、妄语、放逸之因的诸酒类——这些是五怨。
Tattha katame pañca verā? Pāṇātipāto, adinnādānaṃ, kāmesumicchācāro, musāvādo, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā – ime pañca verā.
(12) 五衰损
(12) Pañca byasanā
于此,什么是五衰损?亲族衰损、财富衰损、疾病衰损、戒衰损、见衰损——这些是五衰损。
Tattha katame pañca byasanā? Ñātibyasanaṃ, bhogabyasanaṃ, rogabyasanaṃ, sīlabyasanaṃ, diṭṭhibyasanaṃ – ime pañca byasanā.
(13) 五不堪忍之过患
(13) Pañca akkhantiyā ādīnavā
于此,什么是不堪忍的五种过患?为众多人所不喜、不爱,多怨、多过失,迷乱而命终,身坏命终后投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱——这些是不堪忍的五种过患。
Tattha katame pañca akkhantiyā ādīnavā? Bahuno janassa appiyo hoti amanāpo, verabahulo ca hoti, vajjabahulo ca, sammūḷho kālaṅkaroti, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati – ime pañca akkhantiyā ādīnavā.
(14) 五怖畏
(14) Pañca bhayāni
于此,什么是五怖畏?生计怖畏、恶名怖畏、众中怯懦怖畏、死亡怖畏、恶趣怖畏——这些是五怖畏。
Tattha katamāni pañca bhayāni? Ājīvakabhayaṃ, asilokabhayaṃ, parisasārajjabhayaṃ, maraṇabhayaṃ, duggatibhayaṃ – imāni pañca bhayāni.
(15) 五现法涅槃论者
(15) Pañca diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādā
943于此,什么是五种现法涅槃论者?
Tattha katame pañca diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādā?
(甲)于此,某位沙门或婆罗门如是说、如是见——“贤友,当此我具备、具足五种欲乐而受用时,贤友,此我即达到现法涅槃的最高境界。”如此,某些人为有情施设现法涅槃的最高境界。
(Ka) idhekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evaṃvādī hoti evaṃdiṭṭhi – ‘‘yato kho, bho , ayaṃ attā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti, ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṃ attā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānappatto hotī’’ti. Ittheke sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapenti.
(乙)另一人对他如是说——“贤友,确实有你所说的那个我,我不说它不存在。然而,贤友,此我并非以此达到现法涅槃的最高境界。那是什么原因呢?答:贤友,诸欲是无常的、苦的、变易法。由于它们的变易、变异,生起愁、悲、苦、忧、恼。贤友,当此我离诸欲……(中略)……证入初禅那而住时,贤友,此我即达到现法涅槃的最高境界。”如此,某些人为有情施设现法涅槃的最高境界。
(Kha) tamañño evamāha – ‘‘atthi kho, bho, eso attā yaṃ tvaṃ vadesi neso natthīti vadāmi. No ca kho, bho, ayaṃ attā ettāvatā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānappatto hoti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Kāmā hi, bho, aniccā dukkhā vipariṇāmadhammā. Tesaṃ vipariṇāmaññathābhāvā uppajjanti sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā. Yato kho, bho, ayaṃ attā vivicceva kāmehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṃ attā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānappatto hotī’’ti. Ittheke sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapenti.
(丙)另一人对他如是说——“贤友,确实有你所说的那个我,我不说它不存在。然而,贤友,此我并非以此达到现法涅槃的最高境界。那是什么原因呢?答:在那里,凡有寻、有伺者,以此而称为粗的。贤友,当此我由于寻、伺的止息……(中略)……证入第二禅那而住时,贤友,此我即达到现法涅槃的最高境界。”如此,某些人为有情施设现法涅槃的最高境界。
(Ga) tamañño evamāha – ‘‘atthi kho, bho, eso attā yaṃ tvaṃ vadesi. Neso natthīti vadāmi. No ca kho, bho, ayaṃ attā ettāvatā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānappatto hoti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yadeva tattha vitakkitaṃ vicāritaṃ etena etaṃ oḷārikaṃ akkhāyati. Yato kho, bho, ayaṃ attā vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṃ attā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānappatto hotī’’ti. Ittheke sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapenti.
(丁)另一人对他如是说——“贤友,确实有你所说的那个我,我不说它不存在。然而,贤友,此我并非以此达到现法涅槃的最高境界。那是什么原因呢?答:在那里,凡有喜所生的心的踊跃者,以此而称为粗的。贤友,当此我由于喜的离去……(中略)……证入第三禅那而住时,贤友,此我即达到现法涅槃的最高境界。”如此,某些人为有情施设现法涅槃的最高境界。
(Gha) tamañño evamāha – ‘‘atthi kho, bho, eso attā yaṃ tvaṃ vadesi. Neso natthīti vadāmi. No ca kho, bho, ayaṃ attā ettāvatā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānappatto hoti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yadeva tattha pītigataṃ cetaso uppilāvitaṃ, etena etaṃ oḷārikaṃ akkhāyati. Yato kho, bho, ayaṃ attā pītiyā ca virāgā…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṃ attā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānappatto hotī’’ti. Ittheke sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapenti.
(戊)另一人对他如是说——“贤友,确实有你所说的那个我,我不说它不存在。然而,贤友,此我并非以此达到现法涅槃的最高境界。那是什么原因呢?答:在那里,凡有乐与喜的心的倾向者,以此而称为粗的。贤友,当此我由于乐的舍断……(中略)……证入第四禅那而住时,贤友,此我即达到现法涅槃的最高境界。”如此,某些人为有情施设现法涅槃的最高境界。这些是五种现法涅槃论。
(Ṅa) tamañño evamāha – ‘‘atthi kho, bho, eso attā yaṃ tvaṃ vadesi. Neso natthīti vadāmi. No ca kho, bho, ayaṃ attā ettāvatā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānappatto hoti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yadeva tattha sukhapīti cetaso ābhogo, etena etaṃ oḷārikaṃ akkhāyati. Yato kho, bho, ayaṃ attā sukhassa ca pahānā…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, ettāvatā kho, bho, ayaṃ attā paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānappatto hotī’’ti. Ittheke sato sattassa paramadiṭṭhadhammanibbānaṃ paññapenti. Ime pañca diṭṭhadhammanibbānavādā.