5. 波逸提篇显示巴利原文
5. Pācittiyakaṇḍaṃ
1. 妄语品显示巴利原文
1. Musāvādavaggo
1. 妄语学处显示巴利原文
1. Musāvādasikkhāpadaṃ
1 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,释迦族释迦子哈塔咖在辩论中落败。他与外道交谈时,否认后又承认,承认后又否认,说各种推脱之辞,故意说谎,约定之后又失信。外道们讥嫌、批评、责备:“释迦族释迦子哈塔咖怎么可以跟我们交谈时,否认后又承认,承认后又否认,说各种推脱之辞,故意说谎,约定之后又失信呢!”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena hatthako sakyaputto vādakkhitto hoti. So titthiyehi saddhiṃ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānāti, paṭijānitvā avajānāti, aññenaññaṃ paṭicarati, sampajānamusā bhāsati, saṅketaṃ katvā visaṃvādeti. Titthiyā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma hatthako sakyaputto amhehi saddhiṃ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānissati, paṭijānitvā avajānissati, aññenaññaṃ paṭicarissati, sampajānamusā bhāsissati, saṅketaṃ katvā visaṃvādessatī’’ti!
诸比丘听到了那些外道们的讥嫌、批评、责备。于是那些比丘们到释迦族释迦子哈塔咖那里去;到了之后,对释迦族释迦子哈塔咖这样说:“释迦子哈塔咖贤友,听说你真的在与外道交谈时否认后又承认,承认后又否认,说各种推脱之辞,故意说谎,约定之后又失信,是真的吗?”“贤友,那些外道就是要用任何方式去战胜的,不应该把胜利让给他们。”那些少欲知足的诸比丘……讥嫌、批评、责备:“释迦族释迦子哈塔咖怎么可以和外道交谈时否认后又承认,承认后又否认,说各种推脱之辞,故意说谎,约定之后又失信呢!”显示巴利原文
Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ titthiyānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Atha kho te bhikkhū yena hatthako sakyaputto tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā hatthakaṃ sakyaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, āvuso hatthaka, titthiyehi saddhiṃ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānāsi, paṭijānitvā avajānāsi, aññenaññaṃ paṭicarasi, sampajānamusā bhāsasi, saṅketaṃ katvā visaṃvādesī’’ti? ‘‘Ete kho, āvuso, titthiyā nāma yena kenaci jetabbā; neva tesaṃ jayo dātabbo’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma hatthako sakyaputto titthiyehi saddhiṃ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānissati, paṭijānitvā avajānissati, aññenaññaṃ paṭicarissati, sampajānamusā bhāsissati, saṅketaṃ katvā visaṃvādessatī’’ti!
然后那些比丘们以种种方式呵责释迦族释迦子哈塔咖之后,将此事禀告世尊。于是世尊以此因缘、以此事件召集比丘僧团,问释迦族释迦子哈塔咖:“释迦子哈塔咖,听说你真的在与外道交谈时否认后又承认,承认后又否认,说各种推脱之辞,故意说谎,约定之后又失信,是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责……“愚人!你怎么可以和外道交谈时否认后又承认,承认后又否认,说各种推脱之辞,故意说谎,约定之后又失信!这不令未生信者生信……诸比丘,应当如是诵此学处——显示巴利原文
Atha kho te bhikkhū hatthakaṃ sakyaputtaṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā hatthakaṃ sakyaputtaṃ paṭipucchi – ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, hatthaka, titthiyehi saddhiṃ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānāsi, paṭijānitvā avajānāsi, aññenaññaṃ paṭicarasi, sampajānamusā bhāsasi, saṅketaṃ katvā visaṃvādesī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, titthiyehi saddhiṃ sallapanto avajānitvā paṭijānissasi, paṭijānitvā avajānissasi, aññenaññaṃ paṭicarissasi, sampajānamusā bhāsissasi, saṅketaṃ katvā visaṃvādessasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
2 故意说妄语者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Sampajānamusāvāde pācittiya’’nti.
3 所谓‘妄语’是指:以欺骗为目的的语言,说话,言词,表达,语表,默示的沟通,乃至八种非圣人的言说方式——不见说见,不闻说闻,不觉说觉,不知说知;见说不见,闻说不闻,觉说不觉,知说不知。显示巴利原文
nāma visaṃvādanapurekkhārassa vācā, girā, byappatho, vacībhedo, vācasikā viññatti, aṭṭha anariyavohārā – adiṭṭhaṃ diṭṭhaṃ meti, assutaṃ sutaṃ meti, amutaṃ mutaṃ meti, aviññātaṃ viññātaṃ meti, diṭṭhaṃ adiṭṭhaṃ meti, sutaṃ assutaṃ meti , mutaṃ amutaṃ meti, viññātaṃ aviññātaṃ meti.
所谓‘不见’,是指并非以眼所见。‘不闻’,是指并非以耳所闻。‘不觉’,是指并非以鼻所嗅,非以舌所尝,非以身所触。‘不知’,是指并非以意所识。‘见’,是指以眼所见。‘闻’,是指以耳所闻。‘觉’,是指以鼻所嗅,以舌所尝,以身所触。‘知’,是指以意所识。显示巴利原文
nāma na cakkhunā diṭṭhaṃ. nāma na sotena sutaṃ. nāma na ghānena ghāyitaṃ, na jivhāya sāyitaṃ, na kāyena phuṭṭhaṃ. nāma na manasā viññātaṃ. nāma cakkhunā diṭṭhaṃ. nāma sotena sutaṃ. nāma ghānena ghāyitaṃ, jivhāya sāyitaṃ, kāyena phuṭṭhaṃ. nāma manasā viññātaṃ.
4 以三种方式说‘我见所不见’这样的故意妄语,犯波逸提罪——他事先有‘我将说妄语’的念头,说时有‘我正在说妄语’的念头,说了之后有‘我已说了妄语’的念头。显示巴利原文
Tīhākārehi ‘‘adiṭṭhaṃ diṭṭhaṃ me’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa – pubbevassa hoti ‘‘musā bhaṇissa’’nti, bhaṇantassa hoti ‘‘musā bhaṇāmī’’ti, bhaṇitassa hoti ‘‘musā mayā bhaṇita’’nti.
以四种方式,对“未见的,说‘我见了’”故意说妄语,犯波逸提——说之前他有“我要说妄语”的心,说的时候他有“我正在说妄语”的心,说完之后他有“妄语已经被我说了”的心,并且他舍弃了真实的认知。显示巴利原文
Catūhākārehi ‘‘adiṭṭhaṃ diṭṭhaṃ me’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa – pubbevassa hoti ‘‘musā bhaṇissa’’nti, bhaṇantassa hoti ‘‘musā bhaṇāmī’’ti, bhaṇitassa hoti ‘‘musā mayā bhaṇita’’nti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ.
以五种方式,对“未见的,说‘我见了’”故意说妄语,犯波逸提——说之前他有“我要说妄语”的心,说的时候他有“我正在说妄语”的心,说完之后他有“妄语已经被我说了”的心,并且他舍弃了真实的认知,舍弃了自己的认定。显示巴利原文
Pañcahākārehi ‘‘adiṭṭhaṃ diṭṭhaṃ me’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa – pubbevassa hoti ‘‘musā bhaṇissa’’nti, bhaṇantassa hoti ‘‘musā bhaṇāmī’’ti, bhaṇitassa hoti ‘‘musā mayā bhaṇita’’nti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ, vinidhāya khantiṃ.
以六种方式,对“未见的,说‘我见了’”故意说妄语,犯波逸提——说之前他有“我要说妄语”的心,说的时候他有“我正在说妄语”的心,说完之后他有“妄语已经被我说了”的心,并且他舍弃了真实的认知,舍弃了自己的认定,舍弃了自己的喜好。显示巴利原文
Chahākārehi ‘‘adiṭṭhaṃ diṭṭhaṃ me’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa – pubbevassa hoti ‘‘musā bhaṇissa’’nti, bhaṇantassa hoti ‘‘musā bhaṇāmī’’ti, bhaṇitassa hoti ‘‘musā mayā bhaṇita’’nti , vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ, vinidhāya khantiṃ, vinidhāya ruciṃ.
以七种方式,对“未见的,说‘我见了’”故意说妄语,犯波逸提——说之前他有“我要说妄语”的心,说的时候他有“我正在说妄语”的心,说完之后他有“妄语已经被我说了”的心,并且他舍弃了真实的认知,舍弃了自己的认定,舍弃了自己的喜好,舍弃了真实心态。显示巴利原文
Sattahākārehi ‘‘adiṭṭhaṃ diṭṭhaṃ me’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa’’ – pubbevassa hoti ‘‘musā bhaṇissa’’nti, bhaṇantassa hoti ‘‘musā bhaṇāmī’’ti, bhaṇitassa hoti ‘‘musā mayā bhaṇita’’nti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ, vinidhāya khantiṃ, vinidhāya ruciṃ, vinidhāya bhāvaṃ.
5 以三种方式,对“未闻的,说‘我闻了’”……对“未觉的,说‘我觉了’”……对“未知的,说‘我知了’”故意说妄语,犯波逸提——说之前他有“我要说妄语”的心,说的时候他有“我正在说妄语”的心,说完之后他有“妄语已经被我说了”的心。显示巴利原文
Tīhākārehi ‘‘assutaṃ sutaṃ me’’ti…pe… amutaṃ mutaṃ meti…pe… aviññātaṃ viññātaṃ meti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa – pubbevassa hoti ‘‘musā bhaṇissa’’nti, bhaṇantassa hoti ‘‘musā bhaṇāmī’’ti, bhaṇitassa hoti ‘‘musā mayā bhaṇita’’nti.
以四种方式……以五种方式……以六种方式……以七种方式,对“未知的,说‘我知了’”故意说妄语,犯波逸提——说之前他有“我要说妄语”的心,说的时候他有“我正在说妄语”的心,说完之后他有“妄语已经被我说了”的心,并且他舍弃了真实的认知,舍弃了自己的认定,舍弃了自己的喜好,舍弃了真实心态。显示巴利原文
Catūhākārehi…pe… pañcahākārehi…pe… chahākārehi…pe… sattahākārehi ‘‘aviññātaṃ viññātaṃ me’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa – pubbevassa hoti ‘‘musā bhaṇissa’’nti, bhaṇantassa hoti ‘‘musā bhaṇāmī’’ti, bhaṇitassa hoti ‘‘musā mayā bhaṇitanti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ, vinidhāya khantiṃ, vinidhāya ruciṃ, vinidhāya bhāvaṃ.
6 以三种方式,对“未见的,说‘我见了,并且我闻了’”故意说妄语,犯波逸提……以三种方式,对“未见的,说‘我见了,并且我觉了’”故意说妄语,犯波逸提……以三种方式,对“未见的,说‘我见了,并且我知了’”故意说妄语,犯波逸提……以三种方式,对“未见的,说‘我见了、我闻了、我觉了’”故意说妄语,犯波逸提……以三种方式,对“未见的,说‘我见了、我闻了、我知了’”故意说妄语,犯波逸提……以三种方式,对“未见的,说‘我见了、我闻了、我觉了、我知了’”故意说妄语,犯波逸提……显示巴利原文
Tīhākārehi ‘‘adiṭṭhaṃ diṭṭhañca me sutañcā’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe… tīhākārehi ‘‘adiṭṭhaṃ diṭṭhañca me mutañcā’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe… tīhākārehi ‘‘adiṭṭhaṃ diṭṭhañca me viññātañcā’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa …pe… tīhākārehi adiṭṭhaṃ ‘‘diṭṭhañca me sutañca mutañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi adiṭṭhaṃ ‘‘diṭṭhañca me sutañca viññātañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi adiṭṭhaṃ ‘‘diṭṭhañca me sutañca mutañca viññātañcā’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe….
以三种方式,对“未闻的,说‘我闻了,并且我觉了’”……以三种方式,对“未闻的,说‘我闻了,并且我知了’”……以三种方式,对“未闻的,说‘我闻了,并且我见了’”故意说妄语,犯波逸提……以三种方式,对“未闻的,说‘我闻了、我觉了、我知了’”……以三种方式,对“未闻的,说‘我闻了、我觉了、我见了’”……以三种方式,对“未闻的,说‘我闻了、我觉了、我知了、我见了’”故意说妄语,犯波逸提……显示巴利原文
Tīhākārehi assutaṃ ‘‘sutañca me mutañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi assutaṃ ‘‘sutañca me viññātañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi assutaṃ ‘‘sutañca me diṭṭhañcā’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe… tīhākārehi assutaṃ ‘‘sutañca me mutañca viññātañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi assutaṃ ‘‘sutañca me mutañca diṭṭhañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi assutaṃ ‘‘sutañca me mutañca viññātañca diṭṭhañcā’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe….
以这三种方式,实际没有觉到却说'我觉到了,也知到了'……以这三种方式,实际没有觉到却说'我觉到了,也见到了'……以这三种方式,实际没有觉到却说'我觉到了,也闻到了'——若故意说妄语,犯波逸提……以这三种方式,实际没有觉到却说'我觉到了,也知到了,也见到了'……以这三种方式,实际没有觉到却说'我觉到了,也知到了,也闻到了'……以这三种方式,实际没有觉到却说'我觉到了,也知到了,也见到了,也闻到了'——若故意说妄语,犯波逸提……显示巴利原文
Tīhākārehi amutaṃ ‘‘mutañca me viññātañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi amutaṃ ‘‘mutañca me diṭṭhañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi amutaṃ ‘‘mutañca me sutañcā’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe… tīhākārehi amutaṃ ‘‘mutañca me viññātañca diṭṭhañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi amutaṃ ‘‘mutañca me viññātañca sutañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi amutaṃ ‘‘mutañca me viññātañca diṭṭhañca sutañcā’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe….
以这三种方式,实际没有知到却说'我知到了,也见到了'……以这三种方式,实际没有知到却说'我知到了,也闻到了'……以这三种方式,实际没有知到却说'我知到了,也觉到了'——若故意说妄语,犯波逸提……以这三种方式,实际没有知到却说'我知到了,也见到了,也闻到了'……以这三种方式,实际没有知到却说'我知到了,也见到了,也觉到了'……以这三种方式,实际没有知到却说'我知到了,也见到了,也闻到了,也觉到了'——若故意说妄语,犯波逸提……显示巴利原文
Tīhākārehi aviññātaṃ ‘‘viññātañca me diṭṭhañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi aviññātaṃ ‘‘viññātañca me sutañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi aviññātaṃ ‘‘viññātañca me mutañcā’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe… tīhākārehi aviññātaṃ ‘‘viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi aviññātaṃ ‘‘viññātañca me diṭṭhañca mutañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi aviññātaṃ ‘‘viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañca mutañcā’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe….
7 以这三种方式,实际见到了却说'我没有见到'……实际闻到了却说'我没有闻到'……实际觉到了却说'我没有觉到'……实际知到了却说'我没有知到'——若故意说妄语,犯波逸提……显示巴利原文
Tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṃ ‘‘adiṭṭhaṃ me’’ti…pe… sutaṃ ‘‘assutaṃ me’’ti…pe… mutaṃ ‘‘amutaṃ me’’ti…pe… viññātaṃ ‘‘aviññātaṃ me’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe….
8 以这三种方式,实际见到了却说'我闻到了'……以这三种方式,实际见到了却说'我觉到了'……以这三种方式,实际见到了却说'我知到了'——若故意说妄语,犯波逸提……以这三种方式,实际见到了却说'我闻到了,也觉到了'……以这三种方式,实际见到了却说'我闻到了,也知到了'……以这三种方式,实际见到了却说'我闻到了,也觉到了,也知到了'——若故意说妄语,犯波逸提……显示巴利原文
Tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṃ ‘‘sutaṃ me’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṃ ‘‘mutaṃ me’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṃ ‘‘viññātaṃ me’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe… tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṃ ‘‘sutañca me mutañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṃ ‘‘sutañca me viññātañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi diṭṭhaṃ ‘‘sutañca me mutañca viññātañcā’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe….
以这三种方式,实际闻到了却说'我觉到了'……以这三种方式,实际闻到了却说'我知到了'……以这三种方式,实际闻到了却说'我见到了'——若故意说妄语,犯波逸提……以这三种方式,实际闻到了却说'我觉到了,也知到了'……以这三种方式,实际闻到了却说'我觉到了,也见到了'……以这三种方式,实际闻到了却说'我觉到了,也知到了,也见到了'——若故意说妄语,犯波逸提……显示巴利原文
Tīhākārehi sutaṃ ‘‘mutaṃ me’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi sutaṃ ‘‘viññātaṃ me’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi sutaṃ ‘‘diṭṭhaṃ me’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe… tīhākārehi sutaṃ ‘‘mutañca me viññātañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi sutaṃ ‘‘mutañca me diṭṭhañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi sutaṃ ‘‘mutañca me viññātañca diṭṭhañcā’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe….
以这三种方式,实际觉到了却说'我知到了'……以这三种方式,实际觉到了却说'我见到了'……以这三种方式,实际觉到了却说'我闻到了'——若故意说妄语,犯波逸提……以这三种方式,实际觉到了却说'我知到了,也见到了'……以这三种方式,实际觉到了却说'我知到了,也闻到了'……以这三种方式,实际觉到了却说'我知到了,也见到了,也闻到了'——若故意说妄语,犯波逸提……显示巴利原文
Tīhākārehi mutaṃ ‘‘viññātaṃ me’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi mutaṃ ‘‘diṭṭhaṃ me’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi mutaṃ ‘‘sutaṃ me’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe… tīhākārehi mutaṃ ‘‘viññātañca me diṭṭhañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi mutaṃ ‘‘viññātañca me sutañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi mutaṃ ‘‘viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañcā’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe….
以这三种方式,实际知到了却说'我见到了'……以这三种方式,实际知到了却说'我闻到了'……以这三种方式,实际知到了却说'我觉到了'——若故意说妄语,犯波逸提……以这三种方式,实际知到了却说'我见到了,也闻到了'……以这三种方式,实际知到了却说'我见到了,也觉到了'……以这三种方式,实际知到了却说'我见到了,也闻到了,也觉到了'——若故意说妄语,犯波逸提……显示巴利原文
Tīhākārehi viññātaṃ ‘‘diṭṭhaṃ me’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi viññātaṃ ‘‘sutaṃ me’’ti …pe… tīhākārehi viññātaṃ ‘‘mutaṃ me’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe… tīhākārehi viññātaṃ ‘‘diṭṭhañca me sutañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi viññātaṃ ‘‘diṭṭhañca me mutañcā’’ti…pe… tīhākārehi viññātaṃ ‘‘diṭṭhañca me sutañca mutañcā’’ti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe….
9 以这三种方式,对所见之事有疑惑、不确信那是所见,记不清那是所见,忘了那是所见……对所闻之事有疑惑、不确信那是所闻,记不清那是所闻,忘了那是所闻……对所觉之事有疑惑、不确信那是所觉,记不清那是所觉,忘了那是所觉……对所知之事有疑惑、不确信那是所知,记不清那是所知,忘了那是所知——却说'我知到了,也见到了'……忘了那是所知,却说'我知到了,也闻到了'……忘了那是所知,却说'我知到了,也觉到了'……忘了那是所知,却说'我知到了,也见到了,也闻到了'……忘了那是所知,却说'我知到了,也见到了,也觉到了'……忘了那是所知,却说'我知到了,也见到了,也闻到了,也觉到了'——若故意说妄语,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Tīhākārehi diṭṭhe vematiko diṭṭhaṃ nokappeti, diṭṭhaṃ nassarati , diṭṭhaṃ pamuṭṭho hoti…pe… sute vematiko sutaṃ nokappeti, sutaṃ nassarati, sutaṃ pamuṭṭho hoti…pe… mute vematiko mutaṃ nokappeti, mutaṃ nassarati, mutaṃ pamuṭṭho hoti…pe… viññāte vematiko viññātaṃ nokappeti, viññātaṃ nassarati, viññātaṃ pamuṭṭho hoti… viññātañca me diṭṭhañcāti…pe… viññātaṃ pamuṭṭho hoti viññātañca me sutañcāti…pe… viññātaṃ pamuṭṭho hoti; viññātañca me mutañcāti…pe… viññātaṃ pamuṭṭho hoti; viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañcāti…pe… viññātaṃ pamuṭṭho hoti; viññātañca me diṭṭhañca mutañcāti…pe… viññātaṃ pamuṭṭho hoti; viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañca mutañcāti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
10 以四种方式……以五种方式……以六种方式……以七种方式……对所认知的事变得健忘,却故意说妄语:“我所认知的同时也是我所见的、所闻的、所感触的”——犯波逸提。他事先有“我将说妄语”的念头,正在说时有“我正在说妄语”的念头,说完了有“妄语已被我说出”的念头,舍弃了真实的见,舍弃了真实的忍,舍弃了真实的喜好,舍弃了真实的感受。显示巴利原文
Catūhākārehi…pe… pañcahākārehi…pe… chahākārehi…pe… sattahākārehi…pe… viññātaṃ pamuṭṭho hoti, viññātañca me diṭṭhañca sutañca mutañcāti sampajānamusā bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa – pubbevassa hoti ‘‘musā bhaṇissa’’nti, bhaṇantassa hoti ‘‘musā bhaṇāmī’’ti, bhaṇitassa hoti ‘‘musā mayā bhaṇita’’nti, vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ, vinidhāya khantiṃ, vinidhāya ruciṃ, vinidhāya bhāvaṃ.
11 没有犯戒的情况是:开玩笑而说、说太快而说、不经思考就脱口而出、本想说别的却说成了别的、精神失常者、最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti davā bhaṇati, ravā bhaṇati . nāma sahasā bhaṇati. nāma ‘aññaṃ bhaṇissāmī’ti aññaṃ bhaṇati’’. Ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
2. 轻蔑语学处显示巴利原文
2. Omasavādasikkhāpadaṃ
12 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,六群比丘与那些良善的诸比丘争吵,便用以下方式轻蔑那些良善的比丘——用出身、用名字、用姓氏、用职业、用技艺、用疾病、用相貌、用烦恼、用犯戒的事、用辱骂;用这些低劣的骂詈之词来贬损、羞辱他们。那些少欲知足的诸比丘……对此感到不满、非难、指责:“六群比丘怎么能在与良善比丘争吵时,用出身、用名字、用姓氏、用职业、用技艺、用疾病、用相貌、用烦恼、用犯戒的事、用辱骂,用低劣的骂詈之词来贬损、羞辱那些良善的比丘呢!”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme . Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū pesalehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ bhaṇḍantā pesale bhikkhū omasanti – jātiyāpi, nāmenapi, gottenapi, kammenapi, sippenapi, ābādhenapi, liṅgenapi, kilesenapi, āpattiyāpi; hīnenapi akkosena khuṃsenti vambhenti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū pesalehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ bhaṇḍantā pesale bhikkhū omasissanti – jātiyāpi, nāmenapi, gottenapi, kammenapi, sippenapi, ābādhenapi, liṅgenapi, kilesenapi, āpattiyāpi; hīnenapi akkosena khuṃsessanti vambhessantī’’ti!
于是,那些比丘以种种方式呵责了六群比丘之后,将这件事禀告了世尊……“诸比丘,听说你们真的在与良善比丘争吵时,用出身……乃至用低劣的骂詈之词来贬损、羞辱那些良善的比丘吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责了他们……“你们这些愚痴人,怎么能在与良善比丘争吵时,用出身……乃至用低劣的骂詈之词来贬损、羞辱那些良善的比丘呢!愚痴人,这不能让未生信者生信……也不能让已生信者增长信心……”呵责之后……说了法义的开示之后,对诸比丘说:显示巴利原文
Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, pesalehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ bhaṇḍantā pesale bhikkhū omasatha – jātiyāpi…pe… hīnenapi akkosena khuṃsetha vambhethāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, pesalehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ bhaṇḍantā pesale bhikkhū omasissatha – jātiyāpi…pe… hīnenapi akkosena khuṃsessatha vambhessatha ! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –
13 “诸比丘,过去在德叉尸罗,有一位婆罗门,他有一头名叫难提维娑罗村的公牛。那时,诸比丘,难提维娑罗村公牛对那位婆罗门这样说:‘你去,婆罗门,跟那位财主打赌一千个钱币,赌我的公牛能拉动连在一起的一百辆车。’于是,诸比丘,那位婆罗门就跟财主打赌了一千个钱币,说:‘我的公牛能拉动连在一起的一百辆车。’然后,诸比丘,那位婆罗门把一百辆车连在一起,套上难提维娑罗村公牛,对它这样说:‘走啊,蠢货!拉啊,蠢货!’那时,诸比丘,难提维娑罗村公牛就站在原地不动。结果,诸比丘,那位婆罗门输掉了一千个钱币,很是懊恼。这时,诸比丘,难提维娑罗村公牛对那位婆罗门这样说:‘婆罗门,你为什么懊恼呢?’‘先生,我正因为你输掉了一千个钱币呀。’‘婆罗门,你为什么要用“蠢货”这种话来骂并不蠢的我呢?去吧,婆罗门,去跟财主打赌两千个钱币,说:“我的公牛能拉动连在一起的一百辆车。”但别再骂并不蠢的我为“蠢货”了。’于是,诸比丘,那位婆罗门就跟财主打赌了两千个钱币,说:‘我的公牛能拉动连在一起的一百辆车。’然后,诸比丘,那位婆罗门把一百辆车连在一起,套上难提维娑罗村公牛,对它这样说:‘走啊,贤者!拉啊,贤者!’那时,诸比丘,难提维娑罗村公牛便把那连在一起的一百辆车给拉动了。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, takkasilāyaṃ aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa nandivisālo nāma balībaddo ahosi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, nandivisālo balībaddo taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘gaccha tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, seṭṭhinā saddhiṃ sahassena abbhutaṃ karohi – mayhaṃ balībaddo sakaṭasataṃ atibaddhaṃ pavaṭṭessatī’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, so brāhmaṇo seṭṭhinā saddhiṃ sahassena abbhutaṃ akāsi – mayhaṃ balībaddo sakaṭasataṃ atibaddhaṃ pavaṭṭessatīti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, so brāhmaṇo sakaṭasataṃ atibandhitvā nandivisālaṃ balībaddaṃ yuñjitvā etadavoca – ‘‘gaccha, kūṭa , vahassu, kūṭā’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, nandivisālo balībaddo tattheva aṭṭhāsi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, so brāhmaṇo sahassena parājito pajjhāyi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, nandivisālo balībaddo taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kissa tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, pajjhāyasī’’ti? ‘Tathā hi panāhaṃ, bho, tayā sahassena parājito’’ti. ‘Kissa pana maṃ tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, akūṭaṃ kūṭavādena pāpesi? Gaccha tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, seṭṭhinā saddhiṃ dvīhi sahassehi abbhutaṃ karohi – ‘‘mayhaṃ balībaddo sakaṭasataṃ atibaddhaṃ pavaṭṭessatī’’ti. ‘‘Mā ca maṃ akūṭaṃ kūṭavādena pāpesī’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, so brāhmaṇo seṭṭhinā saddhiṃ dvīhi sahassehi abbhutaṃ akāsi – ‘‘mayhaṃ balībaddo sakaṭasataṃ atibaddhaṃ pavaṭṭessatī’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, so brāhmaṇo sakaṭasataṃ atibandhitvā nandivisālaṃ balībaddaṃ yuñjitvā etadavoca – ‘‘accha, bhadra, vahassu, bhadrā’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, nandivisālo balībaddo sakaṭasataṃ atibaddhaṃ pavaṭṭesi.
“应该说令人愉悦的话,任何时候都不该说令人不愉悦的话;
正因为他口出悦语,才使得沉重的货物被拉走,
并且为他赢得了财富,他也因此而满心欢喜。”
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Manāpameva bhāseyya, nā, manāpaṃ kudācanaṃ; Manāpaṃ bhāsamānassa, garuṃ bhāraṃ udabbahi; Dhanañca naṃ alābhesi, tena ca, ttamano ahūti.
“诸比丘,那时对我来说,责骂、诽谤都是不可意的。更何况现在,责骂和诽谤怎么会是可意的呢?诸比丘,这不能令未生信者生信……(以此因缘呵责后,对诸比丘说法)”“诸比丘,你们应这样诵这个学处——显示巴利原文
‘‘Tadāpi me, bhikkhave, amanāpā khuṃsanā vambhanā. Kimaṅgaṃ pana etarahi manāpā bhavissati khuṃsanā vambhanā? Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe…. ‘‘Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
14 辱骂、讥刺(以恶口诋毁)他人者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Omasavāde pācittiya’’nti.
15 名为以十种方式轻蔑人——以出身、以名字、以家族、以职业、以技艺、以疾病、以相貌特征、以烦恼、以犯戒、以骂詈。显示巴利原文
nāma dasahi ākārehi omasati – jātiyāpi, nāmenapi, gottenapi, kammenapi, sippenapi, ābādhenapi, liṅgenapi, kilesenapi, āpattiyāpi, akkosenapi.
名为两种出身——低贱的出身和尊贵的出身。名为低贱的出身,即:旃陀罗族出身、维那族出身、尼沙达族出身、车匠族出身、补库萨族出身。这名为低贱的出身。名为尊贵的出身,即:刹帝利族出身、婆罗门族出身。这名为尊贵的出身。显示巴利原文
nāma dve jātiyo – hīnā ca jāti ukkaṭṭhā ca jāti. nāma jāti – caṇḍālajāti, venajāti, nesādajāti, rathakārajāti, pukkusajāti. Esā hīnā nāma jāti. nāma jāti – khattiyajāti, brāhmaṇajāti. Esā ukkaṭṭhā nāma jāti.
名为两种名字——低贱的名字和尊贵的名字。名为低贱的名字,即:阿瓦甘那咖、贾瓦甘那咖、达尼塔咖、萨维塔咖、库拉瓦达咖,或在各个地方被认为卑下、被轻蔑、被鄙视、被轻视、不受尊敬的名字——这名为低贱的名字。名为尊贵的名字,即:与佛相关的名字、与法相关的名字、与僧相关的名字,或在各个地方被认为不卑下、不被轻蔑、不被鄙视、不被轻视、受尊敬的名字——这名为尊贵的名字。显示巴利原文
nāma dve nāmāni – hīnañca nāmaṃ ukkaṭṭhañca nāmaṃ . nāma nāmaṃ – avakaṇṇakaṃ, javakaṇṇakaṃ, dhaniṭṭhakaṃ, saviṭṭhakaṃ, kulavaḍḍhakaṃ, tesu tesu vā pana janapadesu oññātaṃ avaññātaṃ hīḷitaṃ paribhūtaṃ acittīkataṃ, etaṃ hīnaṃ nāma nāmaṃ. nāma nāmaṃ – buddhappaṭisaṃyuttaṃ, dhammappaṭisaṃyuttaṃ, saṅghappaṭisaṃyuttaṃ, tesu tesu vā pana janapadesu anoññātaṃ anavaññātaṃ ahīḷitaṃ aparibhūtaṃ cittīkataṃ, etaṃ ukkaṭṭhaṃ nāma nāmaṃ.
名为两种家族——低贱的家族和尊贵的家族。名为低贱的家族,即:桥希耶家族、婆罗堕阇家族,或在各个地方被认为卑下、被轻蔑、被鄙视、被轻视、不受尊敬的家族——这名为低贱的家族。名为尊贵的家族,即:乔达摩家族、目犍连家族、咖吒那家族、瓦世达家族,或在各个地方被认为不卑下、不被轻蔑、不被鄙视、不被轻视、受尊敬的家族——这名为尊贵的家族。显示巴利原文
nāma dve gottāni – hīnañca gottaṃ ukkaṭṭhañca gottaṃ. nāma gottaṃ – kosiyagottaṃ, bhāradvājagottaṃ, tesu tesu vā pana janapadesu oññātaṃ avaññātaṃ hīḷitaṃ paribhūtaṃ acittīkataṃ, etaṃ hīnaṃ nāma gottaṃ. nāma gottaṃ – gotamagottaṃ, moggallānagottaṃ, kaccānagottaṃ, vāsiṭṭhagottaṃ, tesu tesu vā pana janapadesu anoññātaṃ anavaññātaṃ ahīḷitaṃ aparibhūtaṃ cittīkataṃ, etaṃ ukkaṭṭhaṃ nāma gottaṃ.
名为两种职业——低贱的职业和尊贵的职业。名为低贱的职业,即:编制竹器的职业、丢弃花朵的职业,或在各个地方被认为卑下、被轻蔑、被鄙视、被轻视、不受尊敬的职业——这名为低贱的职业。名为尊贵的职业,即:耕作、经商、牧牛,或在各个地方被认为不卑下、不被轻蔑、不被鄙视、不被轻视、受尊敬的职业——这名为尊贵的职业。显示巴利原文
nāma dve kammāni – hīnañca kammaṃ ukkaṭṭhañca kammaṃ. nāma kammaṃ – koṭṭhakakammaṃ, pupphachaḍḍakakammaṃ, tesu tesu vā pana janapadesu oññātaṃ avaññātaṃ hīḷitaṃ paribhūtaṃ acittīkataṃ, etaṃ hīnaṃ nāma kammaṃ. nāma kammaṃ – kasi, vaṇijjā, gorakkhā, tesu tesu vā pana janapadesu anoññātaṃ anavaññātaṃ ahīḷitaṃ aparibhūtaṃ cittīkataṃ. Etaṃ ukkaṭṭhaṃ nāma kammaṃ.
名为两种技艺——低贱的技艺和尊贵的技艺。名为低贱的技艺,即:芦苇编匠技艺、陶师技艺、织工技艺、皮革匠技艺、理发师技艺,或在各个地方被认为卑下、被轻蔑、被鄙视、被轻视、不受尊敬的技艺——这名为低贱的技艺。名为尊贵的技艺,即:印章、计算、书写,或在各个地方被认为不卑下、不被轻蔑、不被鄙视、不被轻视、受尊敬的技艺——这名为尊贵的技艺。显示巴利原文
nāma dve sippāni – hīnañca sippaṃ ukkaṭṭhañca sippaṃ . nāma sippaṃ – naḷakārasippaṃ, kumbhakārasippaṃ, pesakārasippaṃ, cammakārasippaṃ, nahāpitasippaṃ, tesu tesu vā pana janapadesu oññātaṃ avaññātaṃ hīḷitaṃ paribhūtaṃ acittīkataṃ. Etaṃ hīnaṃ nāma sippaṃ. nāma sippaṃ – muddā, gaṇanā, lekhā, tesu tesu vā pana janapadesu anoññātaṃ anavaññātaṃ ahīḷitaṃ aparibhūtaṃ cittīkataṃ, etaṃ ukkaṭṭhaṃ nāma sippaṃ.
所有疾病都是低劣的,但蜜尿病是殊胜的。显示巴利原文
Sabbepi hīnā, apica madhumeho ābādho ukkaṭṭho.
所谓“相貌”有两种——低劣的相貌和殊胜的相貌。低劣的相貌:过高、过矮、过黑、过白,这是低劣的相貌。殊胜的相貌:不过高、不过矮、不过黑、不过白,这是殊胜的相貌。显示巴利原文
nāma dve liṅgāni – hīnañca liṅgaṃ ukkaṭṭhañca liṅgaṃ. nāma liṅgaṃ – atidīghaṃ, atirassaṃ, atikaṇhaṃ, accodātaṃ, etaṃ hīnaṃ nāma liṅgaṃ. nāma liṅgaṃ – nātidīghaṃ, nātirassaṃ, nātikaṇhaṃ, nāccodātaṃ. Etaṃ ukkaṭṭhaṃ nāma liṅgaṃ.
所有都是低劣的。显示巴利原文
Sabbepi hīnā.
所有都是低劣的。但是,入流果等至是殊胜的。显示巴利原文
Sabbāpi hīnā. Apica, sotāpattisamāpatti ukkaṭṭhā.
所谓“辱骂”有两种——低劣的辱骂和殊胜的辱骂。低劣的辱骂:“你是骆驼、你是羊、你是牛、你是驴、你是畜生、你是地狱众生;你没有善趣,你只有恶趣可期”;或者用“y”音、“bh”音之类的粗语,或者用“kāṭakoṭacikā”之类的词,这是低劣的辱骂。殊胜的辱骂:“你是贤智者、你是能说者、你是睿智者、你是多闻者、你是说法者;你没有恶趣,你只有善趣可期”,这是殊胜的辱骂。显示巴利原文
nāma dve akkosā – hīno ca akkoso ukkaṭṭho ca akkoso. nāma akkoso – oṭṭhosi, meṇḍosi, goṇosi, gadrabhosi, tiracchānagatosi, nerayikosi; natthi tuyhaṃ sugati, duggati yeva tuyhaṃ pāṭikaṅkhāti, yakārena vā bhakārena vā, kāṭakoṭacikāya vā, eso hīno nāma akkoso. nāma akkoso – paṇḍitosi, byattosi , medhāvīsi, bahussutosi, dhammakathikosi, natthi tuyhaṃ duggati, sugatiyeva tuyhaṃ pāṭikaṅkhāti, eso ukkaṭṭho nāma akkoso.
16 比丘出于使另一位比丘溃败、贬低、蒙羞之心,用低劣的种姓称呼低种姓者——对旃陀罗、竹匠、猎师、车匠、卑族说:“你是旃陀罗、你是竹匠、你是猎师、你是车匠、你是卑族”——每说一语,即犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena hīnaṃ vadeti, caṇḍālaṃ venaṃ nesādaṃ rathakāraṃ pukkusaṃ – ‘‘caṇḍālosi, venosi, nesādosi, rathakārosi, pukkusosī’’ti bhaṇati , āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
比丘出于使另一位比丘溃败、贬低、蒙羞之心,用低劣的种姓称呼殊胜种姓者——对刹帝利、婆罗门说:“你是旃陀罗、你是竹匠、你是猎师、你是车匠、你是卑族”——每说一语,即犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, khattiyaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ – ‘‘caṇḍālosi, venosi, nesādosi, rathakārosi, pukkusosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
比丘出于使另一位比丘溃败、贬低、蒙羞之心,用殊胜的种姓称呼低种姓者——对旃陀罗、竹匠、猎师、车匠、卑族说:“你是刹帝利、你是婆罗门”——每说一语,即犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena hīnaṃ vadeti, caṇḍālaṃ venaṃ nesādaṃ rathakāraṃ pukkusaṃ – ‘‘khattiyosi, brāhmaṇosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一位比丘想要侮辱、贬低、令另一位比丘难堪,便用上等的称呼去称呼上等出身的人——他对刹帝利、婆罗门种姓的人说:“你是刹帝利”、“你是婆罗门”,这样说一句就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, khattiyaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ – ‘‘khattiyosi, brāhmaṇosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
17 一位比丘想要侮辱、贬低、令另一位比丘难堪,便用下等的称呼去称呼下等出身的人——他对出身于阿瓦甘那伽、加瓦甘那伽、达尼塔伽、萨维塔伽、古拉瓦达伽家族的人说:“你是阿瓦甘那伽”、“你是加瓦甘那伽”、“你是达尼塔伽”、“你是萨维塔伽”、“你是古拉瓦达伽”,这样说一句就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena hīnaṃ vadeti, avakaṇṇakaṃ javakaṇṇakaṃ dhaniṭṭhakaṃ saviṭṭhakaṃ kulavaḍḍhakaṃ – ‘‘avakaṇṇakosi, javakaṇṇakosi, dhaniṭṭhakosi, saviṭṭhakosi, kulavaḍḍhakosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一位比丘想要侮辱、贬低、令另一位比丘难堪,便用下等的称呼去称呼上等出身的人——他对名叫佛护、法护、僧护的人说:“你是阿瓦甘那伽”、“你是加瓦甘那伽”、“你是达尼塔伽”、“你是萨维塔伽”、“你是古拉瓦达伽”,这样说一句就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, buddharakkhitaṃ dhammarakkhitaṃ saṅgharakkhitaṃ – ‘‘avakaṇṇakosi, javakaṇṇakosi, dhaniṭṭhakosi, saviṭṭhakosi, kulavaḍḍhakosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一位比丘想要侮辱、贬低、令另一位比丘难堪,便用上等的称呼去称呼下等出身的人——他对出身于阿瓦甘那伽、加瓦甘那伽、达尼塔伽、萨维塔伽、古拉瓦达伽家族的人说:“你是佛护”、“你是法护”、“你是僧护”,这样说一句就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena hīnaṃ vadeti, avakaṇṇakaṃ javakaṇṇakaṃ dhaniṭṭhakaṃ saviṭṭhakaṃ kulavaḍḍhakaṃ – ‘‘buddharakkhitosi, dhammarakkhitosi, saṅgharakkhitosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一位比丘想要侮辱、贬低、令另一位比丘难堪,便用上等的称呼去称呼上等出身的人——他对名叫佛护、法护、僧护的人说:“你是佛护”、“你是法护”、“你是僧护”,这样说一句就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena ukaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, buddharakkhitaṃ dhammarakkhitaṃ saṅgharakkhitaṃ – ‘‘buddharakkhitosi, dhammarakkhitosi, saṅgharakkhitosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
18 一位比丘想要侮辱、贬低、令另一位比丘难堪,便用下等的称呼去称呼下等出身的人——他对寇西亚、婆罗堕阇种姓的人说:“你是寇西亚”、“你是婆罗堕阇”,这样说一句就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena hīnaṃ vadeti, kosiyaṃ bhāradvājaṃ – ‘‘kosiyosi, bhāradvājosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一位比丘想要侮辱、贬低、令另一位比丘难堪,便用下等的称呼去称呼上等出身的人——他对乔达摩、目犍连、迦旃延、婆悉吒种姓的人说:“你是寇西亚”、“你是婆罗堕阇”,这样说一句就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, gotamaṃ moggallānaṃ kaccānaṃ vāsiṭṭhaṃ – ‘‘kosiyosi, bhāradvājosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一位比丘想要侮辱、贬低、令另一位比丘难堪,便用上等的称呼去称呼下等出身的人——他对寇西亚、婆罗堕阇种姓的人说:“你是乔达摩”、“你是目犍连”、“你是迦旃延”、“你是婆悉吒”,这样说一句就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena hīnaṃ vadeti, kosiyaṃ bhāradvājaṃ – ‘‘gotamosi, moggallānosi, kaccānosi, vāsiṭṭhosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个已具足戒戒者,为了嘲弄、贬低、羞辱另一个已具足戒戒者,以高种姓去说高种姓的人——他对乔达摩种姓、目犍连种姓、迦旃延种姓、瓦希塔种姓的人说:'你是乔达摩种姓的,你是目犍连种姓的,你是迦旃延种姓的,你是瓦希塔种姓的。'——每说一次,就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, gotamaṃ moggallānaṃ kaccānaṃ vāsiṭṭhaṃ – ‘‘gotamosi, moggallānosi, kaccānosi, vāsiṭṭhosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
19 一个已具足戒戒者,为了嘲弄、贬低、羞辱另一个已具足戒戒者,以低种姓去说低种姓的人——他称别人为“库塔卡”“普帕恰达卡”,说:'你是库塔卡种姓的,你是普帕恰达卡种姓的。'——每说一次,就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena hīnaṃ vadeti, koṭṭhakaṃ pupphachaḍḍakaṃ – ‘‘koṭṭhakosi, pupphachaḍḍakosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个已具足戒戒者,为了嘲弄、贬低、羞辱另一个已具足戒戒者,以低种姓去说高种姓的人——他对农夫、商人、牧牛者说:'你是库塔卡种姓的,你是普帕恰达卡种姓的。'——每说一次,就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, kassakaṃ vāṇijaṃ gorakkhaṃ – ‘‘koṭṭhakosi, pupphachaḍḍakosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个已具足戒戒者,为了嘲弄、贬低、羞辱另一个已具足戒戒者,以高种姓去说低种姓的人——他对库塔卡种姓、普帕恰达卡种姓的人说:'你是农夫,你是商人,你是牧牛者。'——每说一次,就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena hīnaṃ vadeti, koṭṭhakaṃ pupphachaḍḍakaṃ – ‘‘kassakosi, vāṇijosi, gorakkhosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个已具足戒戒者,为了嘲弄、贬低、羞辱另一个已具足戒戒者,以高种姓去说高种姓的人——他称对方为农夫、商人、牧牛者:‘你是农夫,你是商人,你是牧牛者。’——每说一次,就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, kassakaṃ vāṇijaṃ gorakkhaṃ – ‘‘kassakosi, vāṇijosi, gorakkhosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
20 一个已具足戒戒者,为了嘲弄、贬低、羞辱另一个已具足戒戒者,以低种姓去说低种姓的人——他对制竹者、陶师、织工、皮匠、理发师说:'你是制竹者,你是陶师,你是织工,你是皮匠,你是理发师。'——每说一次,就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena hīnaṃ vadeti, naḷakāraṃ kumbhakāraṃ pesakāraṃ cammakāraṃ nahāpitaṃ – ‘‘naḷakārosi, kumbhakārosi, pesakārosi, cammakārosi, nahāpitosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个已具足戒戒者,为了嘲弄、贬低、羞辱另一个已具足戒戒者,以低种姓去说高种姓的人——他对印章匠、会计、文书说:'你是制竹者,你是陶师,你是织工,你是皮匠,你是理发师。'——每说一次,就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, muddikaṃ gaṇakaṃ lekhakaṃ – ‘‘naḷakārosi, kumbhakārosi, pesakārosi, cammakārosi, nahāpitosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个已具足戒戒者,为了嘲弄、贬低、羞辱另一个已具足戒戒者,以高种姓去说低种姓的人——他对制竹者、陶师、织工、皮匠、理发师说:'你是印章匠,你是会计,你是文书。'——每说一次,就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena hīnaṃ vadeti, naḷakāraṃ kumbhakāraṃ pesakāraṃ cammakāraṃ nahāpitaṃ – ‘‘muddikosi, gaṇakosi, lekhakosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
具戒者想要羞辱、贬低另一个具戒者,想让他难堪,以高的来骂高的,例如对印章匠、会计、文书说:“你是个印章匠!你是个会计!你是个文书!”——每说一句,就犯一个波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, muddikaṃ gaṇakaṃ lekhakaṃ – ‘‘muddikosi, gaṇakosi, lekhakosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
21 具戒者想要羞辱、贬低另一个具戒者,想让他难堪,以低的来骂低的,例如对麻风病人、疮病人、白癜风病人、痨病人、癫痫病人说:“你是个麻风病人!你是个疮病人!你是个白癜风病人!你是个痨病人!你是个癫痫病人!”——每说一句,就犯一个波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena hīnaṃ vadeti, kuṭṭhikaṃ gaṇḍikaṃ kilāsikaṃ sosikaṃ apamārikaṃ – ‘‘kuṭṭhikosi, gaṇḍikosi, kilāsikosi, sosikosi, apamārikosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
具戒者想要羞辱、贬低另一个具戒者,想让他难堪,以低的来骂高的,例如对一个糖尿病人说:“你是个麻风病人!你是个疮病人!你是个白癜风病人!你是个痨病人!你是个癫痫病人!”——每说一句,就犯一个波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, madhumehikaṃ – ‘‘kuṭṭhikosi, gaṇḍikosi, kilāsikosi, sosikosi, apamārikosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
具戒者想要羞辱、贬低另一个具戒者,想让他难堪,以高的来骂低的,例如对麻风病人、疮病人、白癜风病人、痨病人、癫痫病人说:“你是个糖尿病人!”——每说一句,就犯一个波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena hīnaṃ vadeti, kuṭṭhikaṃ gaṇḍikaṃ kilāsikaṃ sosikaṃ apamārikaṃ – ‘‘madhumehikosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
具戒者想要羞辱、贬低另一个具戒者,想让他难堪,以高的来骂高的,例如对一个糖尿病人说:“你是个糖尿病人!”——每说一句,就犯一个波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, madhumehikaṃ – ‘‘madhumehikosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
22 具戒者想要羞辱、贬低另一个具戒者,想让他难堪,以低的来骂低的,例如对太高的人、太矮的人、太黑的人、太白的人说:“你太高了!你太矮了!你太黑了!你太白了!”——每说一句,就犯一个波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena hīnaṃ vadeti, atidīghaṃ atirassaṃ atikaṇhaṃ accodātaṃ – ‘‘atidīghosi, atirassosi, atikaṇhosi, accodātosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
具戒者想要羞辱、贬低另一个具戒者,想让他难堪,以低的来骂高的,例如对不高的人、不矮的人、不黑的人、不白的人说:“你太高了!你太矮了!你太黑了!你太白了!”——每说一句,就犯一个波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, nātidīghaṃ nātirassaṃ nātikaṇhaṃ nāccodātaṃ – ‘‘atidīghosi, atirassosi, atikaṇhosi, accodātosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
具戒者想要羞辱、贬低另一个具戒者,想让他难堪,以高的来骂低的,例如对太高的人、太矮的人、太黑的人、太白的人说:“你不高嘛!你不矮嘛!你不黑嘛!你不白嘛!”——每说一句,就犯一个波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena hīnaṃ vadeti, atidīghaṃ atirassaṃ atikaṇhaṃ accodātaṃ – ‘‘nātidīghosi, nātirassosi, nātikaṇhosi, nāccodātosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
已受具足戒者,为了羞辱、贬低、使另一已受具足戒者难堪,用殊胜的话语对殊胜的人说——不是太长、不是太矮、不是太黑、不是太白——他说:"你不是太长、你不是太矮、你不是太黑、你不是太白。"每说一句话,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, nātidīghaṃ nātirassaṃ nātikaṇhaṃ nāccodātaṃ – ‘‘nātidīghosi, nātirassosi, nātikaṇhosi, nāccodātosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
23 已受具足戒者,为了羞辱、贬低、使另一已受具足戒者难堪,用低劣的话语对低劣的人说——被贪欲缠缚、被瞋恚缠缚、被愚痴缠缚——他说:"你是被贪欲缠缚的人、你是被瞋恚缠缚的人、你是被愚痴缠缚的人。"每说一句话,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena hīnaṃ vadeti, rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ dosapariyuṭṭhitaṃ mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ – ‘‘rāgapariyuṭṭhitosi, dosapariyuṭṭhitosi, mohapariyuṭṭhitosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
已受具足戒者,为了羞辱、贬低、使另一已受具足戒者难堪,用低劣的话语对殊胜的人说——对已离贪、已离瞋、已离痴的人——他说:"你是被贪欲缠缚的人、你是被瞋恚缠缚的人、你是被愚痴缠缚的人。"每说一句话,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, vītarāgaṃ vītadosaṃ vītamohaṃ – ‘‘rāgapariyuṭṭhitosi , dosapariyuṭṭhitosi, mohapariyuṭṭhitosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
已受具足戒者,为了羞辱、贬低、使另一已受具足戒者难堪,用殊胜的话语对低劣的人说——对被贪欲缠缚、被瞋恚缠缚、被愚痴缠缚的人——他说:"你是已离贪的人、你是已离瞋的人、你是已离痴的人。"每说一句话,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena hīnaṃ vadeti, rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ dosapariyuṭṭhitaṃ mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ – ‘‘vītarāgosi, vītadososi, vītamohosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
已受具足戒者,为了羞辱、贬低、使另一已受具足戒者难堪,用殊胜的话语对殊胜的人说——对已离贪、已离瞋、已离痴的人——他说:"你是已离贪的人、你是已离瞋的人、你是已离痴的人。"每说一句话,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, vītarāgaṃ vītadosaṃ vītamohaṃ – ‘‘vītarāgosi, vītadososi, vītamohosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
24 已受具足戒者,为了羞辱、贬低、使另一已受具足戒者难堪,用低劣的话语对低劣的人说——对犯波罗夷者、犯僧残者、犯粗罪者、犯波逸提者、犯巴帝德沙尼雅者、犯恶作者、犯恶语者——他说:"你是犯波罗夷的人、你是犯僧残的人、你是犯粗罪的人、你是犯波逸提的人、你是犯巴帝德沙尼雅的人、你是犯恶作的人、你是犯恶语的人。"每说一句话,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena hīnaṃ vadeti, pārājikaṃ ajjhāpannaṃ saṅghādisesaṃ ajjhāpannaṃ thullaccayaṃ ajjhāpannaṃ pācittiyaṃ ajjhāpannaṃ pāṭidesanīyaṃ ajjhāpannaṃ dukkaṭaṃ ajjhāpannaṃ dubbhāsitaṃ ajjhāpannaṃ – ‘‘pārājikaṃ ajjhāpannosi, saṅghādisesaṃ ajjhāpannosi, thullaccayaṃ ajjhāpannosi, pācittiyaṃ ajjhāpannosi, pāṭidesanīyaṃ ajjhāpannosi, dukkaṭaṃ ajjhāpannosi, dubbhāsitaṃ ajjhāpannosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
已受具足戒者,为了羞辱、贬低、使另一已受具足戒者难堪,用低劣的话语对殊胜的人说——对入流——他说:"你是犯波罗夷的人……乃至……你是犯恶语的人。"每说一句话,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, sotāpannaṃ – ‘‘pārājikaṃ ajjhāpannosi…pe… dubbhāsitaṃ ajjhāpannosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
已受具足戒者,为了羞辱、贬低、使另一已受具足戒者难堪,用殊胜的话语对低劣的人说——对犯波罗夷者……乃至……犯恶语者——他说:"你是入流。"每说一句话,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena hīnaṃ vadeti, pārājikaṃ ajjhāpannaṃ…pe… dubbhāsitaṃ ajjhāpannaṃ – ‘‘sotāpannosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个受了具足戒的人,想要嘲弄、想要轻视、想要羞辱另一个受了具足戒的人,用上等的品质去对上等的人说,比如对一个入流说:'你是个入流吧?'——话语本身犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, sotāpannaṃ – ‘‘sotāpannosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
25 一个受了具足戒的人,想要嘲弄、想要轻视、想要羞辱另一个受了具足戒的人,用下等的品质去对下等的人说,比如称呼骆驼、公羊、公牛、驴子、畜生、地狱众生,说:'你是骆驼、你是公羊、你是公牛、你是驴子、你是畜生、你是地狱众生,你没有好的去处,你只能期待恶道。'——话语本身犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena hīnaṃ vadeti, oṭṭhaṃ meṇḍaṃ goṇaṃ gadrabhaṃ tiracchānagataṃ nerayikaṃ – ‘‘oṭṭhosi, meṇḍosi, goṇosi, gadrabhosi, tiracchānagatosi, nerayikosi, natthi tuyhaṃ sugati, duggati yeva tuyhaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个受了具足戒的人,想要嘲弄、想要轻视、想要羞辱另一个受了具足戒的人,用下等的品质去对上等的人说,比如对一个智者、聪敏者、有慧者、多闻者、说法者说:'你是骆驼、你是公羊、你是公牛、你是驴子、你是畜生、你是地狱众生,你没有好的去处,你只能期待恶道。'——话语本身犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, paṇḍitaṃ byattaṃ medhāvi bahussutaṃ dhammakathikaṃ – ‘‘oṭṭhosi, meṇḍosi, goṇosi, gadrabhosi, tiracchānagatosi, nerayikosi; natthi tuyhaṃ sugati, duggati yeva tuyhaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个受了具足戒的人,想要嘲弄、想要轻视、想要羞辱另一个受了具足戒的人,以上等的称呼对下等的人说——即对骆驼、公羊、公牛、驴子、畜生、应堕地狱者这一类下劣者说:'你是个智者、你是个聪敏者、你是个有慧者、你是个多闻者、你是个说法者,你没有恶道,你只能期待善趣。'——每说一语,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena hīnaṃ vadeti, oṭṭhaṃ meṇḍaṃ goṇaṃ gadrabhaṃ tiracchānagataṃ nerayikaṃ – ‘‘paṇḍitosi, byattosi, medhāvīsi, bahussutosi, dhammakathikosi, natthi tuyhaṃ duggati, sugati yeva tuyhaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个受了具足戒的人,想要嘲弄、想要轻视、想要羞辱另一个受了具足戒的人,用上等的品质去对上等的人说,比如对一个智者、聪敏者、有慧者、多闻者、说法者说:'你是个智者、你是个聪敏者、你是个有慧者、你是个多闻者、你是个说法者,你没有恶道,你只能期待善趣。'——话语本身犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo ukkaṭṭhena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, paṇḍitaṃ byattaṃ medhāviṃ bahussutaṃ dhammakathikaṃ – ‘‘paṇḍitosi, byattosi, medhāvīsi, bahussutosi, dhammakathikosi, natthi tuyhaṃ duggati, sugati yeva tuyhaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
26 一个受了具足戒的人,想要嘲弄、想要轻视、想要羞辱另一个受了具足戒的人,这样说:“这里有某些人是旃陀罗、竹匠、猎人、车匠、清道夫。”——由话语犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘santi idhekacce caṇḍālā venā nesādā rathakārā pukkusā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa.
一个受了具足戒的人,想要嘲弄、想要轻视、想要羞辱另一个受了具足戒的人,这样说:'这里有某些人是刹帝利、婆罗门。'——话语本身犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘santi idhekacce khattiyā, brāhmaṇā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa.
27 一个受了具足戒的人,想要嘲弄、想要轻视、想要羞辱另一个受了具足戒的人,这样说:'这里有某些人是无耳族、快耳族、丹尼塔族、萨维塔族、族姓增长者。'……'这里有某些人是佛护、法护、僧护。'……'这里有某些人是果思亚族、巴拉德瓦迦族。'……'这里有某些人是乔达摩族、目犍连族、咖吒那族、瓦西塔族。'……'这里有某些人是库塔族、普帕查达咖族。'……'这里有某些人是农民、商人、牧牛者。'……'这里有某些人是竹匠、陶匠、织工、皮匠、理发匠。'……'这里有某些人是印章雕刻师、会计、文书。'……'这里有某些人是麻风病患者、脓疮患者、白癜风患者、肺痨患者、癫痫患者。'……'这里有某些人是蜜糖尿病患者。'……'这里有某些人是太高者、太矮者、太黑者、太白者。'……'这里有某些人是不过高者、不过矮者、不过黑者、不过白者。'……'这里有某些人是被贪欲所困扰者、被嗔恚所困扰者、被愚痴所困扰者。'……'这里有某些人是离贪者、离嗔者、离痴者。'……'这里有某些人是犯了波罗夷者……犯了恶语者。'……'这里有某些人是入流。'……'这里有某些人是骆驼、公羊、公牛、驴子、畜生、地狱众生,他们没有好的去处,只能期待恶道。'——话语本身犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘santi idhekacce avakaṇṇakā javakaṇṇakā dhaniṭṭhakā saviṭṭhakā kulavaḍḍhakā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce buddharakkhitā dhammarakkhitā saṅgharakkhitā’’ti bhaṇati …pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce kosiyā bhāradvājā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce gotamā moggallānā kaccānā vāsiṭṭhā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce koṭṭhakā pupphachaḍḍakā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce kassakā vāṇijā gorakkhā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce naḷakārā kumbhakārā pesakārā cammakārā nahāpitā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce muddikā gaṇakā lekhakā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce kuṭṭhikā gaṇḍikā kilāsikā sosikā apamārikā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce madhumehikā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce atidīghā atirassā atikaṇhā accodātā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce nātidīghā nātirassā nātikaṇhā nāccodātā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce rāgapariyuṭṭhitā dosapariyuṭṭhitā mohapariyuṭṭhitā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce vītarāgā vītadosā vītamohā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce pārājikaṃ ajjhāpannā…pe… dubbhāsitaṃ ajjhāpannā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce sotāpannā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce oṭṭhā meṇḍā goṇā gadrabhā tiracchānagatā nerayikā, natthi tesaṃ sugati, duggatiyeva tesaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa.
28 一位比丘想要羞辱、贬低、让另一位比丘难堪,这样说:'这里有一些智者、聪明人、有慧者、多闻者、说法者,他们不会堕恶趣,只会投生善趣。'这样说出口,每一句话都犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘santi idhekacce paṇḍitā byattā, medhāvī bahussutā dhammakathikā, natthi tesaṃ duggati, sugatiyeva tesaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa.
29 一位比丘想要羞辱、贬低、让另一位比丘难堪,这样说:'那些人肯定是旃陀罗、苇纳、尼沙达、车匠、普库萨。'这样说出口,每一句话都犯恶作……显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘ye nūna caṇḍālā venā nesādā rathakārā pukkusā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa…pe….
一位比丘想要羞辱、贬低、让另一位比丘难堪,这样说:'那些人肯定是智者、聪明人、有慧者、多闻者、说法者。'这样说出口,每一句话都犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘ye nūna paṇḍitā byattā medhāvī bahussutā dhammakathikā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa.
30 一位比丘想要羞辱、贬低、让另一位比丘难堪,这样说:'我们不是旃陀罗、苇纳、尼沙达、车匠、普库萨。'……'我们不是智者、聪明人、有慧者、多闻者、说法者,我们不会堕恶趣,只会投生善趣。'这样说出口,每一句话都犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘na mayaṃ caṇḍālā venā nesādā rathakārā pukkusā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Na mayaṃ paṇḍitā byattā medhāvī bahussutā dhammakathikā, natthamhākaṃ duggati, sugatiyeva amhākaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti bhaṇati. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa.
31 一位比丘想要羞辱、贬低、让一位非比丘难堪,用低劣的方式对低劣者说……用低劣的方式对高尚者说……用高尚的方式对低劣者说……用高尚的方式对高尚者说,对一位智者、聪明人、有慧者、多闻者、说法者说:'你是智者、你是聪明人、你是有慧者、你是多闻者、你是说法者,你不会堕恶趣,只会投生善趣。'这样说出口,每一句话都犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno anupasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo hīnena hīnaṃ vadeti,…pe… hīnena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti…pe… ukkaṭṭhena hīnaṃ vadeti…pe… ukkaṭṭhena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, paṇḍitaṃ byattaṃ medhāviṃ bahussutaṃ dhammakathikaṃ – ‘‘paṇḍitosi, byattosi, medhāvīsi, bahussutosi, dhammakathikosi, natthi tuyhaṃ duggati, sugatiyeva tuyhaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa.
一位比丘想要羞辱、贬低、让一位非比丘难堪,这样说:'这里有一些旃陀罗、苇纳、尼沙达、车匠、普库萨。'……'这里有一些智者、聪明人、有慧者、多闻者、说法者,他们不会堕恶趣,只会投生善趣。'这样说出口,每一句话都犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno anupasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘santi idhekacce caṇḍālā venā nesādā rathakārā pukkusā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce paṇḍitā byattā medhāvī bahussutā dhammakathikā, natthi tesaṃ duggati, sugatiyeva tesaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa.
一位比丘想要羞辱、贬低、让一位非比丘难堪,这样说:'那些人肯定是旃陀罗、苇纳、尼沙达、车匠、普库萨。'……'那些人肯定是智者、聪明人、有慧者、多闻者、说法者。'这样说出口,每一句话都犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno anupasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘ye nūna caṇḍālā venā nesādā rathakārā pukkusā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Ye nūna paṇḍitā byattā medhāvī bahussutā dhammakathikā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa.
一位比丘想要羞辱、贬低、让一位非比丘难堪,这样说:'我们不是旃陀罗、苇纳、尼沙达、车匠、普库萨。'……'我们不是智者、聪明人、有慧者、多闻者、说法者,我们不会堕恶趣,只会投生善趣。'这样说出口,每一句话都犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno anupasampannaṃ khuṃsetukāmo vambhetukāmo maṅkukattukāmo evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘na mayaṃ caṇḍālā venā nesādā rathakārā pukkusā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Na mayaṃ paṇḍitā byattā medhāvī bahussutā dhammakathikā, natthamhākaṃ duggati, sugatiyeva amhākaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti bhaṇati. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa.
32 一位已受具足戒者,对另一位已受具足戒者,没有侮辱的意图,没有轻蔑的意图,没有让他难堪的意图,只是出于开玩笑的动机,用低劣的称呼去说低劣者,对旃陀罗、维那、猎人、车匠、普库萨说:“你是旃陀罗、你是维那、你是猎人、你是车匠、你是普库萨”,每说一句,犯恶说。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ na khuṃsetukāmo na vambhetukāmo na maṅkukattukāmo, davakamyatā hīnena hīnaṃ vadeti, caṇḍālaṃ venaṃ nesādaṃ rathakāraṃ pukkusaṃ – ‘‘caṇḍālosi, venosi, nesādosi, rathakārosi , pukkusosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dubbhāsitassa.
一位已受具足戒者,对另一位已受具足戒者,没有侮辱的意图,没有轻蔑的意图,没有让他难堪的意图,只是出于开玩笑的动机,用低劣的称呼去说高尚者,对刹帝利、婆罗门说:“你是旃陀罗、你是维那、你是猎人、你是车匠、你是普库萨”,每说一句,犯恶说。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ na khuṃsetukāmo na vambhetukāmo na maṅkukattukāmo, davakamyatā hīnena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, khattiyaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ – ‘‘caṇḍālosi, venosi, nesādosi, rathakārosi, pukkusosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dubbhāsitassa.
一位已受具足戒者,对另一位已受具足戒者,没有嘲弄的意图,没有轻视的意图,没有使其难堪的意图,只是出于开玩笑的动机,用上等的称呼去说低劣者,对旃陀罗、竹匠、猎人、车匠、清道夫说:“你是刹帝利,你是婆罗门。”——每说一句,犯恶说。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ na khuṃsetukāmo na vambhetukāmo na maṅkukattukāmo, davakamyatā ukkaṭṭhena hīnaṃ vadeti, caṇḍālaṃ venaṃ nesādaṃ rathakāraṃ pukkusaṃ – ‘‘khattiyosi, brāhmaṇosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dubbhāsitassa.
一位已受具足戒者,对另一位已受具足戒者,没有侮辱的意图,没有轻蔑的意图,没有让他难堪的意图,只是出于开玩笑的动机,用高尚的称呼去说高尚者,对刹帝利、婆罗门说:“你是刹帝利、你是婆罗门”,每说一句,犯恶说。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ na khuṃsetukāmo na vambhetukāmo na maṅkukattukāmo, davakamyatā ukkaṭṭhena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, khattiyaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ – ‘‘khattiyosi, brāhmaṇosī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dubbhāsitassa.
一位已受具足戒者,对另一位已受具足戒者,没有侮辱的意图,没有轻蔑的意图,没有让他难堪的意图,只是出于开玩笑的动机,用低劣的称呼去说低劣者……用低劣的称呼去说高尚者……用高尚的称呼去说低劣者……用高尚的称呼去说高尚者,对一位贤智者、聪明者、有慧者、多闻者、说法者说:“你真是贤智、你真是聪明、你真是有慧、你真是多闻、你真是说法者,你没有恶趣,你只可期待善趣”,每说一句,犯恶说。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ na khuṃsetukāmo na vambhetukāmo na maṅkukattukāmo, davakamyatā hīnena hīnaṃ vadeti…pe… hīnena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti…pe… ukkaṭṭhena hīnaṃ vadeti…pe… ukkaṭṭhena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, paṇḍitaṃ byattaṃ medhāviṃ bahussutaṃ dhammakathikaṃ – ‘‘paṇḍitosi, byattosi, medhāvīsi, bahussutosi, dhammakathikosi, natthi tuyhaṃ duggati, sugati yeva tuyhaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dubbhāsitassa.
33 一位已受具足戒者,对另一位已受具足戒者,没有嘲弄的意图,没有轻视的意图,没有使其难堪的意图,只是出于开玩笑的动机,这样说:“这里有一些人是旃陀罗、竹匠、猎人、车匠、清道夫。”……“这里有一些人是智者、聪敏者、有慧者、多闻者、说法者,他们没有恶趣,只能期待善趣。”——每说一句,犯恶说。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ na khuṃsetukāmo na vambhetukāmo na maṅkukattukāmo, davakamyatā evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘santi idhekacce caṇḍālā venā nesādā rathakārā pukkusā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce paṇḍitā byattā medhāvī bahussutā dhammakathikā, natthi tesaṃ duggati, sugati yeva tesaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dubbhāsitassa.
一位已受具足戒者,对另一位已受具足戒者,没有侮辱的意图,没有轻蔑的意图,没有让他难堪的意图,只是出于开玩笑的动机,这样说:“那些确实是旃陀罗、维那、猎人、车匠、普库萨”……“那些确实是贤智者、聪明者、有慧者、多闻者、说法者”,每说一句,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ na khuṃsetukāmo na vambhetukāmo na maṅkukattukāmo, davakamyatā evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘ye nūna caṇḍālā venā nesādā rathakārā pukkusā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Ye nūna paṇḍitā byattā medhāvī bahussutā dhammakathikā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dubbhāsitassa.
一位已受具足戒者,对另一位已受具足戒者,没有侮辱的意图,没有轻蔑的意图,没有让他难堪的意图,只是出于开玩笑的动机,这样说:“我们不是旃陀罗、维那、猎人、车匠、普库萨”……“我们不是贤智者、聪明者、有慧者、多闻者、说法者,我们没有恶趣,我们只可期待善趣”,每说一句,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannaṃ na khuṃsetukāmo na vambhetukāmo na maṅkukattukāmo, davakamyatā evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘na mayaṃ caṇḍālā venā nesādā rathakārā pukkusā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Na mayaṃ paṇḍitā byattā medhāvī bahussutā dhammakathikā, natthamhākaṃ duggati, sugatiyeva amhākaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti bhaṇati. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya dubbhāsitassa.
34 一位受了具足戒的比丘,对未受具足戒的人,并非出于轻蔑心、侮辱心或使他难堪,而只是以戏弄的心态,用低劣的话去说低劣者……乃至……用低劣的话去说殊胜者……乃至……用殊胜的话去说低劣者……乃至……用殊胜的话去说殊胜者,比如说:“你是智者,你是贤达,你是聪慧,你是多闻、说法的法师,你不会堕入恶趣,你必定能往生善趣。”这样说,每一句话,每一句话,都犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno anupasampannaṃ na khuṃsetukāmo na vambhetukāmo na maṅkukattukāmo, davakamyatā hīnena hīnaṃ vadeti…pe… hīnena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti…pe… ukkaṭṭhena hīnaṃ vadeti…pe… ukkaṭṭhena ukkaṭṭhaṃ vadeti, paṇḍitaṃ byattaṃ medhāviṃ bahussutaṃ dhammakathikaṃ – ‘‘paṇḍitosi , byattosi, medhāvīsi, bahussutosi dhammakathikosi, natthi tuyhaṃ duggati; sugati yeva tuyhaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dubbhāsitassa.
一位受了具足戒的比丘,对未受具足戒的人,并非出于轻蔑心、侮辱心或使他难堪,而只是以戏弄的心态这样说:“这里有某些旃陀罗、竹匠、猎户、车匠、清扫夫”……乃至……“这里有某些智者、贤达、聪慧、多闻、说法的法师,他们不会堕入恶趣,他们必定能往生善趣。”这样说,每一句话,每一句话,都犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno anupasampannaṃ na khuṃsetukāmo na vambhetukāmo na maṅkukattukāmo, davakamyatā evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘santi idhekacce caṇḍālā venā nesādā rathakārā pukkusā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Santi idhekacce paṇḍitā byattā medhāvī bahussutā dhammakathikā, natthi tesaṃ duggati, sugati yeva tesaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dubbhāsitassa.
一位受了具足戒的比丘,对未受具足戒的人,并非出于轻蔑心、侮辱心或使他难堪,而只是以戏弄的心态这样说:“那必定是些旃陀罗、竹匠、猎户、车匠、清扫夫”……乃至……“那必定是些智者、贤达、聪慧、多闻、说法的法师。”这样说,每一句话,每一句话,都犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno anupasampannaṃ na khuṃsetukāmo na vambhetukāmo na maṅkukattukāmo, davakamyatā evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘ye nūna caṇḍālā venā nesādā rathakārā pukkusā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Ye nūna paṇḍitā byattā medhāvī bahussutā dhammakathikā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dubbhāsitassa.
一位受了具足戒的比丘,对未受具足戒的人,并非出于轻蔑心、侮辱心或使他难堪,而只是以戏弄的心态这样说:“我们可不是旃陀罗、竹匠、猎户、车匠、清扫夫”……乃至……“我们可不是智者、贤达、聪慧、多闻、说法的法师,我们不会堕入恶趣,我们必定能往生善趣。”这样说,每一句话,每一句话,都犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno anupasampannaṃ na khuṃsetukāmo na vambhetukāmo na maṅkukattukāmo, davakamyatā evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘na mayaṃ caṇḍālā venā nesādā rathakārā pukkusā’’ti bhaṇati…pe…. ‘‘Na mayaṃ paṇḍitā byattā medhāvī bahussutā dhammakathikā, natthamhākaṃ duggati, sugati yeva amhākaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti vācāya, vācāya dubbhāsitassa.
35 以下情况不犯:以利益为目的、以法为目的、以教导为目的而说;精神失常者;心念散乱者;为苦受所迫者;最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti atthapurekkhārassa, dhammapurekkhārassa, anusāsanipurekkhārassa, ummattakassa, khittacittassa, vedanāṭṭassa, ādikammikassāti.
3. 离间语学处显示巴利原文
3. Pesuññasikkhāpadaṃ
36 那时,佛陀、世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。当时,六群比丘对陷入争端、产生冲突、卷入纷争的诸比丘进行离间,他们把从这位那里听到的话讲给那位听,目的是让这位与那位分裂;又把从那位那里听到的话讲给这位听,目的是让那位与这位分裂。这样一来,原本没有的冲突生起来了,已经存在的冲突变得更加深重扩大。那些少欲的比丘……他们责备、批评、非难道:“六群比丘怎么能对陷入争端、产生冲突、卷入纷争的诸比丘进行离间呢?他们把从这位那里听到的话讲给那位听,目的是让这位与那位分裂;又把从那位那里听到的话讲给这位听,目的是让那位与这位分裂!这样一来,原本没有的冲突生起来了,已经存在的冲突变得更加深重扩大。”于是,那些比丘用种种方式呵责了六群比丘之后,把这件事禀告了世尊……世尊问道:“诸比丘,你们真的对陷入争端、产生冲突、卷入纷争的诸比丘进行离间,把从这位那里听到的话讲给那位听,目的是让这位与那位分裂;又把从那位那里听到的话讲给这位听,目的是让那位与这位分裂吗?这样一来,原本没有的冲突就生起来了,已经存在的冲突也更加深重扩大,是吗?”“是的,世尊。”佛陀、世尊呵责了他们……说道:“你们这些愚人,怎么能对陷入争端、产生冲突、卷入纷争的诸比丘进行离间呢?把从这位那里听到的话讲给那位听,目的是让这位与那位分裂!又把从那位那里听到的话讲给这位听,目的是让那位与这位分裂!这样一来,原本没有的冲突就生起来了,已经存在的冲突也更加深重扩大。愚人们,这不会让没有信心的人生起信心,也不会让已有信心的人更增信心……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处:显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhūnaṃ bhaṇḍanajātānaṃ kalahajātānaṃ vivādāpannānaṃ pesuññaṃ upasaṃharanti; imassa sutvā amussa akkhāyanti, imassa bhedāya; amussa sutvā imassa akkhāyanti, amussa bhedāya. Tena anuppannāni ceva bhaṇḍanāni uppajjanti, uppannāni ca bhaṇḍanāni bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṃvattanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhūnaṃ bhaṇḍanajātānaṃ kalahajātānaṃ vivādāpannānaṃ pesuññaṃ upasaṃharissanti, imassa sutvā amussa akkhāyissanti, imassa bhedāya; amussa sutvā imassa akkhāyissanti, amussa bhedāya! Tena anuppannāni ceva bhaṇḍanāni uppajjanti, uppannāni ca bhaṇḍanāni bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ bhaṇḍanajātānaṃ kalahajātānaṃ vivādāpannānaṃ pesuññaṃ upasaṃharatha, imassa sutvā amussa akkhāyatha, imassa bhedāya, amussa sutvā imassa akkhāyatha, amussa bhedāya? Tena anuppannāni ceva bhaṇḍanāni uppajjanti, uppannāni ca bhaṇḍanāni bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṃvattantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ , bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, bhikkhūnaṃ bhaṇḍanajātānaṃ kalahajātānaṃ vivādāpannānaṃ pesuññaṃ upasaṃharissatha! Imassa sutvā amussa akkhāyissatha, imassa bhedāya! Amussa sutvā imassa akkhāyissatha, amussa bhedāya! Tena anuppannāni ceva bhaṇḍanāni uppajjanti, uppannāni ca bhaṇḍanāni bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṃvattanti. Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya. Pasannānaṃ vā bhiyyobhāvāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
37 在比丘之间搬弄是非、离间挑拨者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhikkhupesuññe pācittiya’’nti.
38 所谓的离间语,以两种动机而构成:出于谋求自身受爱敬的欲望,或者出于使他人分裂的意图。以十种方式作离间:依出身来说,依名字来说,依姓氏来说,依工作来说,依技艺来说,依疾病来说,依相貌特征来说,依烦恼来说,依所犯戒来说,依辱骂来说。显示巴利原文
nāma dvīhākārehi pesuññaṃ hoti – piyakamyassa vā bhedādhippāyassa vā. Dasahākārehi pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – jātitopi, nāmatopi, gottatopi, kammatopi, sippatopi, ābādhatopi, liṅgatopi, kilesatopi, āpattitopi, akkosatopi.
出身有两种:低等出身和高等出身。什么叫低等出身?旃陀罗出身、维那出身、猎人出身、车匠出身、清道夫出身——这些是低等出身。什么叫高等出身?刹帝利出身、婆罗门出身——这些是高等出身。显示巴利原文
nāma dve jātiyo – hīnā ca jāti ukkaṭṭhā ca jāti. nāma jāti – caṇḍālajāti venajāti nesādajāti rathakārajāti pukkusajāti . Esā hīnā nāma jāti. nāma jāti – khattiyajāti brāhmaṇajāti. Esā ukkaṭṭhā nāma jāti…pe….
辱骂有两种:低辱骂和高辱骂(表面上像赞叹,实为轻蔑)。什么叫低辱骂?骂人‘你是骆驼’、‘你是羊’、‘你是牛’、‘你是驴’、‘你是畜生’、‘你是地狱的’,或者说‘你没有善趣’,‘你只能期待恶趣’;或者用‘雅卡’、‘巴卡’、‘卡塔科达奇卡’这类话来骂——这就是低辱骂。什么叫高辱骂?说‘你是智者’、‘你是能人’、‘你是具慧者’、‘你是多闻者’、‘你是说法者’,‘你没有恶趣’,‘你只能期待善趣’——这种表面赞叹实则轻蔑的话,就是高辱骂。显示巴利原文
nāma dve akkosā – hīno ca akkoso ukkaṭṭho ca akkoso. nāma akkoso – oṭṭhosi, meṇḍosi, goṇosi, gadrabhosi, tiracchānagatosi, nerayikosi; natthi tuyhaṃ sugati; duggati yeva tuyhaṃ pāṭikaṅkhāti, yakārena vā bhakārena vā kāṭakoṭacikāya vā. Eso hīno nāma akkoso. nāma akkoso – paṇḍitosi, byattosi, medhāvīsi, bahussutosi, dhammakathikosi; natthi tuyhaṃ duggati; sugati yeva tuyhaṃ pāṭikaṅkhāti. Eso ukkaṭṭho nāma akkoso.
39 已受具足戒者,听了已受具足戒者的离间话之后,去向另一位已受具足戒者转述:‘某某某说你是旃陀罗、维那、猎人、车匠、清道夫。’说每一句话,犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘caṇḍālo veno nesādo rathakāro pukkuso’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
已受具足戒者,听了已受具足戒者的离间话之后,去向另一位已受具足戒者转述:‘某某某说你是刹帝利、婆罗门。’说每一句话,犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘khattiyo brāhmaṇo’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
已受具足戒者,听了已受具足戒者的离间话之后,去向另一位已受具足戒者转述:‘某某某说你是缺耳、速耳、坚住者、全住者、增族者。’说每一句话,犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘avakaṇṇako javakaṇṇako dhaniṭṭhako saviṭṭhako kulavaḍḍhako’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
已受具足戒者,听了已受具足戒者的离间话之后,去向另一位已受具足戒者转述:‘某某某说你是佛护、法护、僧护。’说每一句话,犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘buddharakkhito dhammarakkhito saṅgharakkhito’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
已受具足戒者,听了已受具足戒者的离间话之后,去向另一位已受具足戒者转述:‘某某某说你是拘尸耶、婆罗堕阇。’说每一句话,犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘kosiyo bhāradvājo’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
已受具足戒者,听了已受具足戒者的离间话之后,去向另一位已受具足戒者转述:‘某某某说你是乔达摩、马哈摩嘎喇那、咖吒那、瓦塞塔。’说每一句话,犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘gotamo moggallāno kaccāno vāsiṭṭho’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个已受具足戒的比丘,从另一个已受具足戒的比丘那里听说后,向那位已受具足戒的比丘传播离间语:‘某某说你是个“仓库管理员、扔花人”。’每说一句,犯一个波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘koṭṭhako pupphachaḍḍako’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个已受具足戒的比丘,从另一个已受具足戒的比丘那里听说后,向那位已受具足戒的比丘传播离间语:‘某某说你是个“农夫、商贩、牧牛人”。’每说一句,犯一个波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘kassako vāṇijo gorakkho’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个已受具足戒的比丘,从另一个已受具足戒的比丘那里听说后,向那位已受具足戒的比丘传播离间语:‘某某说你是个“编竹匠、陶匠、织布工、皮革匠、理发师”。’每说一句,犯一个波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘naḷakāro kumbhakāro pesakāro cammakāro nahāpito’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个已受具足戒的比丘,从另一个已受具足戒的比丘那里听说后,向那位已受具足戒的比丘传播离间语:‘某某说你是个“印章雕刻匠、会计、文书”。’每说一句,犯一个波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘muddiko gaṇako lekhako’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
40 一个已受具足戒的比丘,从另一个已受具足戒的比丘那里听说后,向那位已受具足戒的比丘传播离间语:‘某某说你是个“麻风病人、疮肿病人、白癜风病人、肺痨病人、癫痫病人”。’每说一句,犯一个波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘kuṭṭhiko gaṇḍiko kilāsiko sosiko apamāriko’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个已受具足戒的比丘,从另一个已受具足戒的比丘那里听说后,向那位已受具足戒的比丘传播离间语:‘某某说你是个“糖尿病人”。’每说一句,犯一个波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘madhumehiko’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个已受具足戒的比丘,从另一个已受具足戒的比丘那里听说后,向那位已受具足戒的比丘传播离间语:‘某某说你是个“太高的人、太矮的人、太黑的人、太白的人”。’每说一句,犯一个波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘atidīgho atirasso atikaṇho accodāto’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个已受具足戒的比丘,从另一个已受具足戒的比丘那里听说后,向那位已受具足戒的比丘传播离间语:‘某某说你是个“不太高的、不太矮的、不太黑的、不太白的”。’每说一句,犯一个波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘nātidīgho nātirasso nātikaṇho nāccodāto’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个比丘听了另一个比丘的话,去向另一个比丘传离间语:‘某某人说你“被贪欲缠缚、被嗔恚缠缚、被愚痴缠缚”。’每说一句,都犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘rāgapariyuṭṭhito dosapariyuṭṭhito mohapariyuṭṭhito’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个比丘听了另一个比丘的话,去向另一个比丘传离间语:‘某某人说你“离了贪、离了嗔、离了痴”。’每说一句,都犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘vītarāgo vītadoso vītamoho’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个比丘听了另一个比丘的话,去向另一个比丘传离间语:‘某某人说你“犯了波罗夷、犯了僧残、犯了粗罪、犯了波逸提、犯了应悔过、犯了恶作、犯了恶语”。’每说一句,都犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘pārājikaṃ ajjhāpanno, saṅghādisesaṃ ajjhāpanno, thullaccayaṃ ajjhāpanno, pācittiyaṃ ajjhāpanno , pāṭidesanīyaṃ ajjhāpanno, dukkaṭaṃ ajjhāpanno, dubbhāsitaṃ ajjhāpanno’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个比丘听了另一个比丘的话,去向另一个比丘传离间语:‘某某人说你“是入流”。’每说一句,都犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘sotāpanno’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个比丘听了另一个比丘的话,去向另一个比丘传离间语:‘某某人说你“是骆驼、羊、牛、驴、畜生、地狱众生,他没有善趣,等待他的只有恶趣”。’每说一句,都犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘oṭṭho meṇḍo goṇo gadrabho tiracchānagato nerayiko, natthi tassa sugati, duggatiyeva tassa pāṭikaṅkhā’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
一个比丘听了另一个比丘的话,去向另一个比丘传离间语:‘某某人说你“是智者、贤明、聪慧、多闻、说法师,他没有恶趣,等待他的只有善趣”。’每说一句,都犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo taṃ ‘paṇḍito byatto medhāvī bahussuto dhammakathiko, natthi tassa duggati, sugati yeva tassa pāṭikaṅkhā’ti bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
41 已受具足戒者,听了某已受具足戒者的话后,向另一位已受具足戒者传离间语:‘某某人说:“这里有某些旃陀罗、竹匠、猎人、车匠、清道夫。”他没有说别的,他就是这样说的。’每说一句,犯一个恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo ‘santi idhekacce caṇḍālā venā nesādā rathakārā, pukkusā’ti bhaṇati, na so aññaṃ bhaṇati, taññeva bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa.
一个比丘听了另一个比丘的话,去向另一个比丘传离间语:‘某某人说“这里有某些刹帝利、婆罗门”,他没有说别的,他就是那样说的。’每说一句,都犯恶作。……显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo ‘santi idhekacce khattiyā brāhmaṇā’ti bhaṇati, na so aññaṃ bhaṇati, taññeva bhaṇatī’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa…pe….
受具足戒者从受具足戒者那里听闻后,向受具足戒者搬弄离间语——说:“某某人说:‘这里有一些智者、聪明人、有智慧、多闻、能说法者,他们不会有恶趣,只会往生善趣。’他不是在说别的,他说的就是那个意思。”这样每句话都构成恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo ‘santi idhekacce paṇḍitā byattā medhāvī bahussutā dhammakathikā, natthi tesaṃ duggati, sugati yeva tesaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’ti bhaṇati, na so aññaṃ bhaṇati, taññeva bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa.
受具足戒者从受具足戒者那里听闻后,向受具足戒者搬弄离间语——说:“某某人说:‘那些人是下贱种、竹匠、猎师、车匠、拾荒者。’他不是在说别的,他说的就是那个意思。”这样每句话都构成恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo ‘ye nūna caṇḍālā venā nesādā rathakārā pukkusā’ti bhaṇati, na so aññaṃ bhaṇati, taññeva bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa.
受具足戒者从受具足戒者那里听闻后,向受具足戒者搬弄离间语——说:“某某人说:‘那些人是智者、聪明人、有智慧、多闻、能说法者。’他不是在说别的,他说的就是那个意思。”这样每句话都构成恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo ‘ye nūna paṇḍitā byattā medhāvī bahussutā dhammakathikā’ti bhaṇati, na so aññaṃ bhaṇati, taññeva bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa.
受具足戒者从受具足戒者那里听闻后,向受具足戒者搬弄离间语——说:“某某人说:‘我们不是下贱种、竹匠、猎师、车匠、拾荒者。’他不是在说别的,他说的就是那个意思。”这样每句话都构成恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo ‘na mayaṃ caṇḍālā venā nesādā rathakārā pukkusā’ti bhaṇati, na so aññaṃ bhaṇati, taññeva bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa.
受具足戒者从受具足戒者那里听闻后,向受具足戒者搬弄离间语——说:“某某人说:‘我们不是智者、聪明人、有智慧、多闻、能说法者,我们不会有恶趣,只会往生善趣。’他不是在说别的,他说的就是那个意思。”这样每句话都构成恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – ‘‘itthannāmo ‘na mayaṃ paṇḍitā byattā medhāvī bahussutā dhammakathikā, natthamhākaṃ duggati, sugati yeva amhākaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā’ti bhaṇati, na so aññaṃ bhaṇati, taññeva bhaṇatī’’ti. Āpatti vācāya, vācāya dukkaṭassa.
42 受具足戒者从受具足戒者那里听闻后,向受具足戒者搬弄离间语;这样每句话都构成波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati; āpatti vācāya, vācāya pācittiyassa.
受具足戒者从受具足戒者那里听闻后,向未受具足戒者搬弄离间语,构成恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno upasampannassa sutvā anupasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
受具足戒者从未受具足戒者那里听闻后,搬弄关于受具足戒者的离间语,构成恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno anupasampannassa sutvā upasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
具足戒者听了未受具足戒者的话后,向未受具足戒者搬弄离间语,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampanno anupasampannassa sutvā anupasampannassa pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
43 不是出于讨好,不是为了分裂的意图,精神失常者,最初犯行者,不犯。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti napiyakamyassa, nabhedādhippāyassa, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
4. 句句教诵学处显示巴利原文
4. Padasodhammasikkhāpadaṃ
44 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,六群比丘教居士们逐句诵法。居士们对比丘不恭敬、不顺从,住于不恰当的方式。那些少欲的诸比丘……呵责、批评、指责说:'六群比丘怎么可以教居士们逐句诵法呢!居士们对比丘不恭敬、不顺从,住于不恰当的方式。'那些比丘以种种方式谴责六群比丘之后,将此事禀告了世尊。……'诸比丘,听说你们真的教居士们逐句诵法,而居士们对比丘不恭敬、不顺从,住于不恰当的方式吗?''是真的,世尊。'佛陀世尊呵责……'愚人,你们怎么可以教居士们逐句诵法呢!居士们对比丘不恭敬、不顺从,住于不恰当的方式!愚人,这既不能让未生信者生信,也不能让已生信者增长……诸比丘,你们应这样诵此学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū upāsake padaso dhammaṃ vācenti. Upāsakā bhikkhūsu agāravā appatissā asabhāgavuttikā viharanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū upāsake padaso dhammaṃ vācessanti! Upāsakā bhikkhūsu agāravā appatissā asabhāgavuttikā viharantī’’ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, upāsake padaso dhammaṃ vācetha; upāsakā bhikkhūsu agāravā appatissā asabhāgavuttikā viharantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, upāsake padaso dhammaṃ vācessatha! Upāsakā bhikkhūsu agāravā appatissā asabhāgavuttikā viharanti! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya pasannānaṃ vā bhiyyobhāvāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
45 若比丘教未受具足戒者逐句同声诵读经法,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu anupasampannaṃ padaso dhammaṃ vāceyya pācittiya’’nti.
46 这里所说的比丘,是指像这样的……比丘,在这个意义上被确定。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
比丘和比丘尼除外,其余的人,称为未具足戒者。显示巴利原文
nāma bhikkhuñca bhikkhuniñca ṭhapetvā avaseso anupasampanno nāma.
句、随句、随字、随味。显示巴利原文
nāma padaṃ, anupadaṃ, anvakkharaṃ, anubyañjanaṃ.
大家一起开始,一起结束。各自开始,一起结束。正在说'色是无常'时,他插入'色'字。正在说'色是无常'时,他发出'受是无常'的声音。显示巴利原文
nāma ekato paṭṭhapetvā ekato osāpenti. nāma pāṭekkaṃ paṭṭhapetvā ekato osāpenti. nāma ‘‘rūpaṃ anicca’’nti vuccamāno, ‘‘ru’’nti opāteti. nāma ‘‘rūpaṃ anicca’’nti vuccamāno, ‘‘vedanā aniccā’’ti saddaṃ nicchāreti.
每一个词语、每一个短句、每一个音节、每一个细微的特征——所有这些都叫做按文句教。显示巴利原文
Yañca padaṃ, yañca anupadaṃ, yañca anvakkharaṃ, yañca anubyañjanaṃ – sabbametaṃ padaso nāma.
凡是佛陀所说、声闻弟子所说、仙人所-说、天神所说、与义理相关、与法相关的教说。显示巴利原文
nāma buddhabhāsito, sāvakabhāsito, isibhāsito, devatābhāsito, atthūpasañhito, dhammūpasañhito.
如果逐词地教,每教一个词就犯一个波逸提。如果逐音节地教,每教一个音节就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti padena vāceti, pade pade āpatti pācittiyassa. Akkharāya vāceti, akkharakkharāya āpatti pācittiyassa.
47 对未受具足戒的人,明知其为未受具足戒者而按文句教法,犯波逸提。对未受具足戒的人,心有疑虑而按文句教法,犯波逸提。对未受具足戒的人,误以为其已受具足戒而按文句教法,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Anupasampanne anupasampannasaññī padaso dhammaṃ vāceti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Anupasampanne vematiko padaso dhammaṃ vāceti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Anupasampanne upasampannasaññī padaso dhammaṃ vāceti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
对已受具足戒的人,误以为其未受具足戒,犯恶作。对已受具足戒的人,心有疑虑,犯恶作。对已受具足戒的人,明知其为已受具足戒者,不犯。显示巴利原文
Upasampanne anupasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Upasampanne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Upasampanne upasampannasaññī, anāpatti.
48 不犯的情况是:大家一起诵经时、一起温习经文时、对正在背诵已经很熟悉的经典的人进行提示时、对正在努力忆念经文的人进行提示时、精神失常者、最初的犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ekato uddisāpento, ekato sajjhāyaṃ karonto , yebhuyyena paguṇaṃ ganthaṃ bhaṇantaṃ opāteti, osārentaṃ opāteti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
5. 同宿学处显示巴利原文
5. Sahaseyyasikkhāpadaṃ
49 那时,佛陀世尊住在阿腊维的阿伽拉瓦塔庙。那时,有一些在家信众来到寺院听闻佛法。佛法开示结束后,上座诸比丘各自回到自己的住处。而那些新学诸比丘则就在集会堂里,和在家信众在一起,失念、不正知、赤裸着身体、打着鼾、磨着牙便躺下睡了。在家信众们讥嫌、责备、议论纷纷:“这些尊者们怎么能这样失念、不正知、赤裸着身体、打着鼾、磨着牙就睡了呢!”诸比丘听到了那些在家信众的讥嫌、责备和议论。那些少欲知足的诸比丘……也都讥嫌、责备、议论纷纷:“诸比丘怎么能和未受具足戒的人同宿呢!”于是,那些比丘们用各种方式呵责了这些新学比丘后,便将这件事禀告了世尊。…… “诸比丘,你们真的和未受具足戒的人同宿了吗?” “是真的,世-尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道:“诸比丘,这些愚人怎么可以和未受具足戒的人同宿呢!诸比丘,这不能让未生信者生信……那么,诸比丘,就这样来诵这个学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā āḷaviyaṃ viharati aggāḷave cetiye. Tena kho pana samayena upāsakā ārāmaṃ āgacchanti dhammassavanāya. Dhamme bhāsite therā bhikkhū yathāvihāraṃ gacchanti. Navakā bhikkhū tattheva upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ upāsakehi saddhiṃ muṭṭhassatī, asampajānā, naggā, vikūjamānā, kākacchamānā seyyaṃ kappenti. Upāsakā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhadantā muṭṭhassatī asampajānā naggā vikūjamānā kākacchamānā seyyaṃ kappessantī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ upāsakānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhū anupasampannena sahaseyyaṃ kappessantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū te navake bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū anupasampannena sahaseyyaṃ kappentī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā anupasampannena sahaseyyaṃ kappessanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,与未受具足戒者同宿者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
50 那时,世尊在阿罗毗随意住了一段时间后,便向拘舍弥方向游行。他次第游行,到达了拘舍弥,住在拘舍弥的巴达利咖园。诸比丘对具寿拉胡喇说:‘拉胡喇学友,世尊制定了学处:不得与非比丘同宿。拉胡喇学友,你自己找住处吧。’那时,具寿拉胡喇找不到住处,就在厕所里过夜。世尊在黎明时分起来,走向厕所,咳了一声。具寿拉胡喇也咳了一声。‘谁在里面?’‘世尊,是我,拉胡喇。’‘拉胡喇,你为什么坐在这里?’于是,具寿拉胡喇把这件事告诉了世尊。那时,世尊以此因缘、以此事情说法后,对诸比丘说:‘诸比丘,我允许与非比丘同宿两三天。诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā āḷaviyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena kosambī tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena kosambī tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati badarikārāme. Bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ rāhulaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘bhagavatā, āvuso rāhula, sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ – ‘na anupasampannena sahaseyyā kappetabbā’ti. Seyyaṃ, āvuso rāhula, jānāhī’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā rāhulo seyyaṃ alabhamāno vaccakuṭiyā seyyaṃ kappesi. Atha kho bhagavā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya yena vaccakuṭi tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ukkāsi. Āyasmāpi rāhulo ukkāsi. ‘‘Ko etthā’’ti? ‘‘Ahaṃ, bhagavā, rāhulo’’ti. ‘‘Kissa tvaṃ, rāhula, idha nisinnosī’’ti? Atha kho āyasmā rāhulo bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, anupasampannena dirattatirattaṃ sahaseyyaṃ kappetuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
51 若比丘与未受具足戒者同室共宿超过两、三夜,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu anupasampannena uttaridirattatirattaṃ sahaseyyaṃ kappeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
52 '比丘'一词,在这里是指:如此这般……(中略)……在此意义上称为比丘的人。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
'非比丘':除比丘外,其余的人。显示巴利原文
nāma bhikkhuṃ ṭhapetvā avaseso anupasampanno nāma.
'超过两三天':即超过两个或三个晚上。显示巴利原文
nti atirekadirattatirattaṃ.
'同宿':即在同一处。显示巴利原文
ti ekato.
'同宿之处'是指:全部有覆盖、全部有遮蔽,或大部分有覆盖、大部分有遮蔽的场所。显示巴利原文
nāma sabbacchannā, sabbaparicchannā, yebhuyyenacchannā, yebhuyyena paricchannā.
到了第四天日落之后,未受具足戒者躺下,比丘也躺下,犯波逸提。比丘躺下,未受具足戒者躺下,犯波逸提。或者两人都躺下,犯波逸提。起身后又反复躺下,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti catutthe divase atthaṅgate sūriye, anupasampanne nipanne, bhikkhu nipajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Bhikkhu nipanne, anupasampanno nipajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ubho vā nipajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Uṭṭhahitvā punappunaṃ nipajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
53 对于未受具足戒者,心里也认定是未受具足戒者,超过两夜三夜与之同宿,犯波逸提。对未受具足戒者心存疑惑,超过两夜三夜与之同宿,犯波逸提。对于未受具足戒者,心里却认定是受具足戒者,超过两夜三夜与之同宿,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Anupasampanne anupasampannasaññī uttaridirattatirattaṃ sahaseyyaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Anupasampanne vematiko uttaridirattatirattaṃ sahaseyyaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Anupasampanne upasampannasaññī uttaridirattatirattaṃ sahaseyyaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
在部分遮挡、部分未遮挡的地方,犯恶作。对于受具足戒者,心里却认定是未受具足戒者,犯恶作。对受具足戒者心存疑惑,犯恶作。对于受具足戒者,心里也认定是受具足戒者,无罪。显示巴利原文
Upaḍḍhacchanne upaḍḍhaparicchanne, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Upasampanne anupasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Upasampanne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Upasampanne upasampannasaññī, anāpatti.
54 以下情况无罪:住两夜或三夜;住不足两夜或三夜;住满两夜后,在第三夜破晓前离开,然后再住;完全有覆盖的地方;完全无遮蔽的地方;完全有遮蔽而完全无覆盖的地方;大部分无覆盖的地方;大部分无遮蔽的地方;未受具足戒者躺下时比丘坐着;比丘躺下时未受具足戒者坐着;或者两人都坐着;精神失常者;最初犯此戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti dvetisso rattiyo vasati, ūnakadvetisso rattiyo vasati, dve rattiyo vasitvā tatiyāya rattiyā purāruṇā nikkhamitvā puna vasati, sabbacchanne, sabbaaparicchanne, sabbaparicchanne sabbaacchanne , yebhuyyena acchanne, yebhuyyena aparicchanne, anupasampanne nipanne bhikkhu nisīdati, bhikkhu nipanne anupasampanno nisīdati, ubho vā nisīdanti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
6. 第二同宿学处显示巴利原文
6. Dutiyasahaseyyasikkhāpadaṃ
55 那时,佛世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,具寿阿那律在憍萨罗国游行,往舍卫城方向去,傍晚时到达了某个村庄。那时,那个村庄里有一位妇女的客舍已经准备好了。于是,具寿阿那律来到那位妇女那里,到了之后,对那位妇女说:‘大姐,如果对您不麻烦的话,我们想在客舍里住一晚。’‘请住吧,尊者。’其他一些行路人也来到那位妇女那里,到了之后,对那位妇女说:‘夫人,如果对您不麻烦的话,我们想在客舍里住一晚。’‘这位尊贵的沙门先来的;如果他允许,你们就住吧。’于是,那些行路人来到具寿阿那律那里,到了之后,对具寿阿那律说:‘尊者,如果对您不麻烦的话,我们想在客舍里住一晚。’‘请住吧,贤友们。’这时,那位妇女一见到具寿阿那律,心就被迷住了。于是,那位妇女来到具寿阿那律那里,到了之后,对具寿阿那律说:‘尊者,这里人杂,您会住得不舒服。这样吧,尊者,让我为您在屋内铺张床。’具寿阿那律默然同意。于是,那位妇女为具寿阿那律在屋内铺好了床,然后盛装打扮,香气扑鼻,来到具寿阿那律那里。到了之后,对具寿阿那律说:‘尊者,您相貌堂堂、赏心悦目、庄严可观,我也相貌堂堂、赏心悦目、庄严可观。这样吧,尊者,让我做您的妻子吧。’听到这话,具寿阿那律保持沉默。第二次……乃至……第三次,那位妇女对具寿阿那律说:‘尊者,您相貌堂堂、赏心悦目、庄严可观,我也相貌堂堂、赏心悦目、庄严可观。善哉,尊者,请您接受我以及所有财产吧。’第三次,具寿阿那律依然保持沉默。于是,那位妇女脱下上衣,在具寿阿那律面前一会行走,一会站立,一会坐下,一会又躺下。这时,具寿阿那律收摄感官,对她不看也不说话。于是,那位妇女心想:‘真是稀有啊!真是未曾有啊!许多人用成百上千的财物向我求婚。但这个沙门,我亲自追求他,他却不愿接受我及所有财产。’她穿上上衣,以头触具寿阿那律的脚顶礼后,对具寿阿那律说:‘尊者,罪过战胜了我,我如此愚痴、如此暗昧、如此不善,竟做出这样的事。尊者,为了将来能防护,请您接受我这已认识的罪过为罪过吧。’‘确实,大姐,罪过战胜了你,你如此愚痴、如此暗昧、如此不善,竟做出这样的事。但大姐,既然你能认识到罪过是罪过,并依法忏悔,那我们就接受你的忏悔。大姐,在圣者的律法中,能认识到罪过是罪过,依法忏悔,并在未来防护,这就是增长啊。’显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā anuruddho kosalesu janapade sāvatthiṃ gacchanto sāyaṃ aññataraṃ gāmaṃ upagacchi. Tena kho pana samayena tasmiṃ gāme aññatarissā itthiyā āvasathāgāraṃ paññattaṃ hoti. Atha kho āyasmā anuruddho yena sā itthī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ itthiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sace te, bhagini, agaru, vaseyyāma ekarattaṃ āvasathāgāre’’ti. ‘‘Vaseyyātha, bhante’’ti. Aññepi addhikā yena sā itthī tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ itthiṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘sace te, ayye, agaru vaseyyāma ekarattaṃ āvasathāgāre’’ti . ‘‘Eso kho ayyo samaṇo paṭhamaṃ upagato; sace so anujānāti, vaseyyāthā’’ti. Atha kho te addhikā yenāyasmā anuruddho tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘sace te, bhante, agaru, vaseyyāma ekarattaṃ āvasathāgāre’’ti. ‘‘Vaseyyātha, āvuso’’ti. Atha kho sā itthī āyasmante anuruddhe saha dassanena paṭibaddhacittā ahosi. Atha kho sā itthī yenāyasmā anuruddho tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ayyo, bhante, imehi manussehi ākiṇṇo na phāsu viharissati. Sādhāhaṃ, bhante, ayyassa mañcakaṃ abbhantaraṃ paññapeyya’’nti. Adhivāsesi kho āyasmā anuruddho tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho sā itthī āyasmato anuruddhassa mañcakaṃ abbhantaraṃ paññapetvā alaṅkatappaṭiyattā gandhagandhinī yenāyasmā anuruddho tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ayyo, bhante, abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko, ahaṃ camhi abhirūpā dassanīyā pāsādikā. Sādhāhaṃ, bhante, ayyassa pajāpati bhaveyya’’nti. Evaṃ vutte āyasmā anuruddho tuṇhī ahosi. Dutiyampi kho…pe… tatiyampi kho sā itthī āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ayyo, bhante, abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko, ahañcamhi abhirūpā dassanīyā pāsādikā. Sādhu, bhante, ayyo mañceva paṭicchatu sabbañca sāpateyya’’nti. Tatiyampi kho āyasmā anuruddho tuṇhī ahosi. Atha kho sā itthī sāṭakaṃ nikkhipitvā āyasmato anuruddhassa purato caṅkamatipi tiṭṭhatipi nisīdatipi seyyampi kappeti. Atha kho āyasmā anuruddho indriyāni okkhipitvā taṃ itthiṃ neva olokesi napi ālapi. Atha kho sā itthī – ‘‘acchariyaṃ vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho! Bahū me manussā satenapi sahassenapi pahiṇanti. Ayaṃ pana samaṇo – mayā sāmaṃ yāciyamāno – na icchati mañceva paṭicchituṃ sabbañca sāpateyya’’nti sāṭakaṃ nivāsetvā āyasmato anuruddhassa pādesu sirasā nipatitvā āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘accayo maṃ, bhante, accagamā yathābālaṃ yathāmūḷhaṃ yathāakusalaṃ yāhaṃ evamakāsiṃ. Tassā me, bhante, ayyo accayaṃ accayato paṭiggaṇhātu āyatiṃ saṃvarāyā’’ti. ‘‘Taggha tvaṃ, bhagini, accayo accagamā yathābālaṃ yathāmūḷhaṃ yathāakusalaṃ yā tvaṃ evamakāsi. Yato ca kho tvaṃ, bhagini, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikarosi, taṃ te mayaṃ paṭiggaṇhāma. Vuddhi hesā, bhagini, ariyassa vinaye yo accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikaroti āyatiñca saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī’’ti.
那一夜过后,那位妇女亲手用美味的嚼食和啖食奉侍、款待具寿阿那律,令他饱足满意。见具寿阿那律吃完并收回了手与钵,她便向他礼敬,然后坐在一边。具寿阿那律以法义开示、劝导、激励、令这位坐在一边的妇女欢喜。于是,那位妇女在得到具寿阿那律的法义开示、劝导、激励、令欢喜后,对具寿阿那律说:‘太殊胜了,尊者!太殊胜了,尊者!尊者,就像把翻倒的扶正,把隐藏的揭开,给迷路者指明道路,在黑暗中举起油灯——让有眼者能看见种种形状,具寿阿那律以种种方式阐明了法义。尊者,我从今日起皈依那位世尊、皈依法、皈依比丘僧团,请尊者记得我,一位终身皈依的在家女弟子。’显示巴利原文
Atha kho sā itthī tassā rattiyā accayena āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappetvā sampavāretvā, āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho taṃ itthiṃ āyasmā anuruddho dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho sā itthī – āyasmatā anuruddhena dhammiyā kathāya sandassitā samādapitā samuttejitā sampahaṃsitā – āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti, evamevaṃ ayyena anuruddhena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, taṃ bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsikaṃ maṃ ayyo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
随后,具寿阿那律到达舍卫城,将此事告知了诸比丘。那些少欲知足的比丘……呵责、非议、批评道:‘具寿阿那律怎么能和女人同宿呢!’于是,那些比丘以种种方式呵责了具寿阿那律后,将此事禀告了世尊……‘阿那律,听说你确实和女人同宿了,是真的吗?’‘是真的,世尊。’佛陀呵责说……‘阿那律,你怎么能和女人同宿呢!阿那律,这不能让未生信者生信……。诸比丘,现在应该这样来诵这个学处:'显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā anuruddho sāvatthiyaṃ gantvā bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā anuruddho mātugāmena sahaseyyaṃ kappessatī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, anuruddha, mātugāmena sahaseyyaṃ kappesī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti . Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, anuruddha, mātugāmena sahaseyyaṃ kappessasi! Netaṃ, anuruddha, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
56 若比丘与女人同室共宿,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu mātugāmena sahaseyyaṃ kappeyya pācittiya’’nti.
57 “比丘”在这里的意思,就是指这样的……比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“女人”指人类女性,不是女夜叉、不是女饿鬼、不是雌性畜生;就算是当天刚出生的女婴也算,更何况是成年女子。显示巴利原文
nāma manussitthī, na yakkhī , na petī, na tiracchānagatā; antamaso tadahujātāpi dārikā, pageva mahattarī.
“一起”的意思,就是在同一个地方。显示巴利原文
ti ekato.
“覆盖”指的是:完全覆盖、完全遮蔽、大部分覆盖、大部分遮蔽。显示巴利原文
nāma sabbacchannā, sabbaparicchannā, yebhuyyenacchannā, yebhuyyena paricchannā.
太阳下山后,如果女人已经躺下了,比丘躺下,这就犯了波逸提。如果比丘已经躺下,女人后来躺下,也犯波逸提。或者两个人同时躺下,也犯波逸提。起身以后,又反反复复躺下,每躺下一次都犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti atthaṅgate sūriye, mātugāme nipanne bhikkhu nipajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Bhikkhu nipanne mātugāmo nipajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ubho vā nipajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Uṭṭhahitvā punappunaṃ nipajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
58 对象是女人,心里也确定是女人,而一起过夜,犯波逸提。对象是女人,心里有疑不确定是不是女人,而一起过夜,犯波逸提。对象是女人,心里却以为不是女人,而一起过夜,也犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Mātugāme mātugāmasaññī sahaseyyaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Mātugāme vematiko sahaseyyaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Mātugāme amātugāmasaññī sahaseyyaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
在只是部分覆盖、部分遮蔽的地方,犯恶作。跟女夜叉、女饿鬼、黄门,或者雌性畜生一起过夜,犯恶作。对方不是女人,心里却认为她是女人,犯恶作。对方不是女人,心里有疑,犯恶作。对方不是女人,心里也确定不是女人,这样则不犯。显示巴利原文
Upaḍḍhacchanne upaḍḍhaparicchanne, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Yakkhiyā vā petiyā vā paṇḍakena vā tiracchānagatitthiyā vā sahaseyyaṃ kappeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Amātugāme mātugāmasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Amātugāme vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Amātugāme amātugāmasaññī, anāpatti.
59 不犯的情况有:在完全覆盖但没有遮蔽的地方,在完全遮蔽但没有覆盖的地方,在大部分没有覆盖的地方,在大部分没有遮蔽的地方;女人躺着而比丘坐着,比丘躺着而女人坐着,或者两个人都是坐着的;还有精神失常的人,以及最初犯的人,这些都不犯。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti sabbacchanne sabbaaparicchanne, sabbaparicchanne sabbaacchanne , yebhuyyena acchanne, yebhuyyena aparicchanne, mātugāme nipanne bhikkhu nisīdati , bhikkhu nipanne mātugāmo nisīdati, ubho vā nisīdanti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
7. 说法学处显示巴利原文
7. Dhammadesanāsikkhāpadaṃ
60 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。当时,具寿优陀夷是舍卫城某家的常客,经常走访许多家庭。一天上午,具寿优陀夷穿好下衣,拿了钵和外衣,前往其中一个家庭。那时候,女主人正坐在房门口,儿媳妇则坐在内屋门口。具寿优陀夷走向女主人,在她近旁挨着耳朵为她说法。这时,儿媳妇心想:'这位沙门,到底是婆婆的情人呢,还是只是在跟她说话?'显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā udāyī sāvatthiyaṃ kulūpako hoti, bahukāni kulāni upasaṅkamati. Atha kho āyasmā udāyī pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena aññataraṃ kulaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena gharaṇī nivesanadvāre nisinnā hoti, gharasuṇhā āvasathadvāre nisinnā hoti. Atha kho āyasmā udāyī yena gharaṇī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā gharaṇiyā upakaṇṇake dhammaṃ desesi. Atha kho gharasuṇhāya etadahosi – ‘‘ki nu kho so samaṇo sassuyā jāro udāhu obhāsatī’’ti?
接着,具寿优陀夷在女主人近旁挨着耳朵说法后,又走向儿媳妇,在她近旁挨着耳朵为她说法。这时,女主人心想:'这位沙门,到底是儿媳妇的情人呢,还是只是在跟她说话?'之后,具寿优陀夷在儿媳妇近旁挨着耳朵说法后便离开了。女主人于是问儿媳妇:'喂,那个人,那位沙门对你说了什么?''夫人,他为我说法。''那他对夫人说了什么?''他也为我说法。'她们俩因此恼怒、不满、责备道:'具寿优陀夷怎么能在女人近旁挨着耳朵说法呢!说法不是应该大方坦然地讲吗!'显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā udāyī gharaṇiyā upakaṇṇake dhammaṃ desetvā yena gharasuṇhā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā gharasuṇhāya upakaṇṇake dhammaṃ desesi. Atha kho gharaṇiyā etadahosi – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho so samaṇo gharasuṇhāya jāro udāhu obhāsatī’’ti ? Atha kho āyasmā udāyī gharasuṇhāya upakaṇṇake dhammaṃ desetvā pakkāmi. Atha kho gharaṇī gharasuṇhaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘he je, kiṃ te eso samaṇo avocā’’ti? ‘‘Dhammaṃ me, ayye, desesi’’. ‘‘Ayyāya pana kiṃ avocā’’ti? ‘‘Mayhampi dhammaṃ desesī’’ti. Tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma ayyo udāyī mātugāmassa upakaṇṇake dhammaṃ desessati! Nanu nāma vissaṭṭhena vivaṭena dhammo desetabbo’’ti?
一些比丘听到了那些女人的恼怒、不满和责备。那些少欲知足的诸比丘也因此恼怒、不满、责备道:'具寿优陀夷怎么可以为女人说法呢!'于是,那些比丘以各种方式呵责了具寿优陀夷后,将此事禀告了世尊。世尊问道:'优陀夷,听说你真的为女人说法了?''是真的,世尊。'佛陀世尊呵责道:'愚蠢的人,你怎么能为女人说法呢!这不能令未信者生信,也不能令已信者信心增长……'进而,诸比丘,应这样诵出此学处:显示巴利原文
Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tāsaṃ itthīnaṃ ujjhāyantīnaṃ khiyyantīnaṃ vipācentīnaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā udāyī mātugāmassa dhammaṃ desessatī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, udāyi, mātugāmassa dhammaṃ desesī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, mātugāmassa dhammaṃ desessasi. Netaṃ moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,为女人说法者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
61 后来,有一些优婆夷见到诸比丘后说道:'尊者,请为我们说法吧。''姊妹,不可以为女人说法。''尊者,那就说个五六句话吧,这样多少也能懂些法。''姊妹,不可以为女人说法。'诸比丘因为有所顾虑,便没有说法。那些优婆夷恼怒、不满、责备道:'尊者怎么在我们请求下仍不肯说法呢!'一些比丘听到了那些优婆夷的恼怒、不满和责备,便禀告了世尊。于是,世尊以此因缘、以此事件作了法语开示后,对诸比丘说:'诸比丘,我允许你们以五六句话为女人说法。并且,诸比丘,应这样诵出此学处:显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena upāsikā bhikkhū passitvā etadavocuṃ – ‘‘iṅghāyyā dhammaṃ desethā’’ti. ‘‘Na, bhaginī, kappati mātugāmassa dhammaṃ desetu’’nti. ‘‘Iṅghāyyā chappañcavācāhi dhammaṃ desetha, sakkā ettakenapi dhammo aññātu’’nti. ‘‘Na, bhaginī, kappati mātugāmassa dhammaṃ desetu’’nti. Kukkuccāyantā na desesuṃ. Upāsikā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma ayyā amhehi yāciyamānā dhammaṃ na desessantī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tāsaṃ upāsikānaṃ ujjhāyantīnaṃ khiyyantīnaṃ vipācentīnaṃ. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, mātugāmassa chappañcavācāhi dhammaṃ desetuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,为女人说法超过五、六句者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
62 那时,六群比丘心想:“世尊允许了为女人用五六句说法。”他们就找了个不懂事的男子坐在旁边,然后为女人用超过五六句说法。那些少欲的比丘……呵责、批评、指责说:“六群比丘怎么能让不懂事的男子坐在旁边,又为女人用超过五六句说法呢!”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū – ‘‘bhagavatā anuññātaṃ mātugāmassa chappañcavācāhi dhammaṃ desetu’’nti te aviññuṃ purisaviggahaṃ upanisīdāpetvā mātugāmassa uttarichappañcavācāhi dhammaṃ desenti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū aviññuṃ purisaviggahaṃ upanisīdāpetvā mātugāmassa uttarichappañcavācāhi dhammaṃ desessantī’’ti!
于是,那些比丘用种种方式呵责六群比丘后,将此事禀告世尊。……“诸比丘,你们真的让不懂事的男子坐在旁边,为女人用超过五六句说法吗?”“是的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道……“愚人!你们怎能让不懂事的男子坐在旁边,为女人用超过五六句说法!愚人!这不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,现在应这样诵出此学处——”显示巴利原文
Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, aviññuṃ purisaviggahaṃ upanisīdāpetvā mātugāmassa uttarichappañcavācāhi dhammaṃ desethā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, aviññuṃ purisaviggahaṃ upanisīdāpetvā mātugāmassa uttarichappañcavācāhi dhammaṃ desessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
63 若比丘为女人说法超过五、六句,除非有通晓事理的男子在场,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu mātugāmassa uttarichappañcavācāhi dhammaṃ deseyya, aññatra viññunā purisaviggahena, pācittiya’’nti.
64 “‘比丘’者,即世间所称的……(省略)……在此处所指的比丘。”显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“女人”是指人类女性,不是女夜叉、女鬼、畜生类;她是有理解能力的,能分辨善说恶说、粗语与非粗语。显示巴利原文
nāma manussitthī; na yakkhī na petī na tiracchānagatā; viññū, paṭibalā subhāsitadubbhāsitaṃ duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ ājānituṃ.
“超过五六句”是指多于五六句。显示巴利原文
ti atirekachappañcavācāhi.
“法”是指佛陀所说、弟子所说、仙人所说、天神所说,与义理和法相关联的。显示巴利原文
nāma buddhabhāsito, sāvakabhāsito, isibhāsito, devatābhāsito, atthūpasañhito, dhammūpasañhito.
若以词句说法,每个词句犯一个波逸提。若以字母说法,每个字母犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti padena deseti, pade pade āpatti pācittiyassa. Akkharāya deseti, akkharakkharāya āpatti pācittiyassa.
但智者除外。智者,指的是有能力理解什么是善说、什么是不善说,什么是粗恶、什么是不粗恶的成年男子。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā viññuṃ purisaviggahaṃ. Viññū nāma purisaviggaho, paṭibalo hoti subhāsitadubbhāsitaṃ duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ ājānituṃ.
65 认为对方是女性,对女性以超过五、六句话说法,但没有智者成年男子在场,犯波逸提。对女性心存疑惑,以超过五、六句话说法,但没有智者成年男子在场,犯波逸提。认为对方不是女性,对女性以超过五、六句话说法,但没有智者成年男子在场,也犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Mātugāme mātugāmasaññī uttarichappañcavācāhi dhammaṃ deseti, aññatra viññunā purisaviggahena, āpatti pācittiyassa. Mātugāme vematiko uttarichappañcavācāhi dhammaṃ deseti, aññatra viññunā purisaviggahena, āpatti pācittiyassa. Mātugāme amātugāmasaññī uttarichappañcavācāhi dhammaṃ deseti, aññatra viññunā purisaviggahena, āpatti pācittiyassa.
对母夜叉、母饿鬼、黄门,或投生为畜生道却有人类女性形态者,以超过五、六句话说法,但没有智者成年男子在场,犯恶作。对方不是女性,却认为是女性,犯恶作。对不是女性的对象心存疑惑,犯恶作。认为对方不是女性,对方也确实不是女性,则无罪。显示巴利原文
Yakkhiyā vā petiyā vā paṇḍakassa vā tiracchānagatamanussaviggahitthiyā vā uttarichappañcavācāhi dhammaṃ deseti, aññatra viññunā purisaviggahena, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Amātugāme mātugāmasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Amātugāme vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Amātugāme amātugāmasaññī, anāpatti.
66 以下情况无罪:有智者成年男子在场;以五、六句话说法;以不足五、六句话说法;起身后又重新坐下继续说法;那位女性起身后又重新坐下,而对她说;对另一位女性说法;被问问题;被提问后回答问题;为他人宣说时,女性在一旁听到;疯癫者;最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti viññunā purisaviggahena, chappañcavācāhi dhammaṃ deseti, ūnakachappañcavācāhi dhammaṃ deseti, uṭṭhahitvā puna nisīditvā deseti, mātugāmo uṭṭhahitvā puna nisīdati tasmiṃ deseti, aññassa mātugāmassa deseti, pañhaṃ pucchati, pañhaṃ puṭṭho katheti, aññassatthāya bhaṇantaṃ mātugāmo suṇāti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
8. 实报学处显示巴利原文
8. Bhūtārocanasikkhāpadaṃ
67 那时,佛陀世尊正住在毘舍离大林的重阁讲堂。当时,有一群相识亲近、同受供养的比丘,在伐咕慕达河边入雨安居。那时,跋耆国正闹饥荒,遭遇二谷荒、庄稼遭白穗病侵袭、枯成禾秆,仅靠拾取残食很难维持生计。于是,那些比丘心想:‘现在跋耆国正闹饥荒,遭遇二谷荒、庄稼遭白穗病侵袭、枯成禾秆,仅靠拾取残食很难维持。我们用什么办法,才能和合、愉快、无诤地安稳度过雨安居,又不为托钵乞食而劳累呢?’有些人这样说:‘诸位贤友,不如我们为在家人做事吧。这样,他们可能会布施给我们。如此,我们就能和合、愉快、无诤地安稳度过雨安居,也不会为托钵乞食而劳累了。’另一些人说:‘够了,贤友,为在家人做事有什么用?不如我们为在家人传递信息吧。这样,他们可能会布施给我们。如此,我们就能和合、愉快、无诤地安稳度过雨安居,也不会为托钵乞食而劳累了。’另一些人说:‘够了,贤友,为在家人做事、为在家人传递信息有什么用?贤友,这才正是更好的办法:我们互相向在家人称赞上人法。’显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā sandiṭṭhā sambhattā bhikkhū vaggumudāya nadiyā tīre vassaṃ upagacchiṃsu. Tena kho pana samayena vajjī dubbhikkhā hoti – dvīhitikā setaṭṭhikā salākāvuttā, na sukarā uñchena paggahena yāpetuṃ. Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘etarahi kho vajjī dubbhikkhā – dvīhitikā setaṭṭhikā salākāvuttā, na sukarā uñchena paggahena yāpetuṃ. Kena nu kho mayaṃ upāyena samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā phāsukaṃ vassaṃ vaseyyāma, na ca piṇḍakena kilameyyāmā’’ti? Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘handa mayaṃ, āvuso, gihīnaṃ kammantaṃ adhiṭṭhema. Evaṃ te amhākaṃ dātuṃ maññissanti. Evaṃ mayaṃ samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā phāsukaṃ vassaṃ vasissāma, na ca piṇḍakena kilamissāmā’’ti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘alaṃ, āvuso, kiṃ gihīnaṃ kammantaṃ adhiṭṭhitena? Handa mayaṃ, āvuso, gihīnaṃ dūteyyaṃ harāma. Evaṃ te amhākaṃ dātuṃ maññissanti. Evaṃ mayaṃ samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā phāsukaṃ vassaṃ vasissāma, na ca piṇḍakena kilamissāmā’’ti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘alaṃ, āvuso; kiṃ gihīnaṃ kammantaṃ adhiṭṭhitena! Kiṃ gihīnaṃ dūteyyaṃ haṭena! Handa mayaṃ, āvuso, gihīnaṃ aññamaññassa uttarimanussadhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsissāma – ‘asuko bhikkhu paṭhamassa jhānassa lābhī, asuko bhikkhu dutiyassa jhānassa lābhī, asuko bhikkhu tatiyassa jhānassa lābhī, asuko bhikkhu catutthassa jhānassa lābhī, asuko bhikkhu sotāpanno, asuko bhikkhu sakadāgāmī, asuko bhikkhu anāgāmī, asuko bhikkhu arahā, asuko bhikkhu tevijjo, asuko bhikkhu chaḷabhiññoti. Evaṃ te amhākaṃ dātuṃ maññissanti. Evaṃ mayaṃ samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā phāsukaṃ vassaṃ vasissāma, na ca piṇḍakena kilamissāmā’’ti. Eso yeva kho, āvuso, seyyo, yo amhākaṃ gihīnaṃ aññamaññassa uttarimanussadhammassa vaṇṇo bhāsito’’ti.
于是,那些比丘就在在家人面前互相夸赞说上人法,说:“某某比丘已证得初禅……乃至……某某比丘是六通者。”那些在家人便想:“我们真是有福啊!我们真是有善报啊!竟有如此优秀的比丘来我们这里安居。像这样持戒精严、具备善法的比丘,以前从没有来过我们这里安居。”于是,他们把那些本来自己都不舍得吃的食物,留给父母、妻儿、奴仆、工人、朋友、同事乃至亲族都不舍得给的食物,都拿去供养诸比丘;那些本自己都不舍得嚼、不舍得喝、不舍得饮的硬食、软食、饮料,也都拿去供养诸比丘。结果,那些比丘变得容光焕发,诸根饱满,面有光泽,肤色明净。显示巴利原文
Atha kho te bhikkhū gihīnaṃ aññamaññassa uttarimanussadhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsiṃsu – ‘‘asuko bhikkhu paṭhamassa jhānassa lābhī…pe… asuko bhikkhu chaḷabhiñño’’ti. Atha kho te manussā – ‘‘lābhā vata no, suladdhaṃ vata no, yesaṃ no evarūpā bhikkhū vassaṃ upagatā, na vata no ito pubbe evarūpā bhikkhū vassaṃ upagatā, yathayime bhikkhū sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā’’ti. Te na tādisāni bhojanāni attanā bhuñjanti, mātāpitūnaṃ denti puttadārassa denti dāsakammakaraporisassa denti mittāmaccānaṃ denti ñātisālohitānaṃ denti yādisāni bhikkhūnaṃ denti. Na tādisāni khādanīyāni sāyanīyāni pānāni attanā khādanti sāyanti pivanti mātāpitūnaṃ denti puttadārassa denti dāsakammakaraporisassa denti mittāmaccānaṃ denti ñātisālohitānaṃ denti , yādisāni bhikkhūnaṃ denti. Atha kho te bhikkhū vaṇṇavā ahesuṃ pīṇindriyā pasannamukhavaṇṇā vippasannachavivaṇṇā.
68 诸比丘在雨安居结束后去拜见世尊,这是惯例。那些比丘在雨安居结束,三个月期满后,收拾好住处,带着衣钵,就往毘舍离出发了。他们一路前行,最终来到毘舍离的大林重阁讲堂,拜见世尊。向世尊顶礼后,在一旁坐下。那时,从其他各个地方结束雨安居回来的诸比丘,都身形消瘦、憔悴、面色灰败、肤色发黄、青筋暴露。而伐咕慕达河边的那些比丘们,却容光焕发,诸根饱满,面有光泽,肤色明净。佛陀世尊向来有问候客比丘的惯例。于是,世尊对那些伐咕慕达河边的诸比丘说:“诸比丘,你们是否安好?是否还能维持?你们是否能够和合、愉快、无诤地安稳度过雨安居,而且不曾为托钵乞食而劳累呢?”他们回答说:“世尊,我们安好。世尊,我们还能维持。尊者,我们和合、愉快、无诤地安稳度过了雨安居,而且不曾为托钵乞食而劳累。”如来虽知,有时会问;虽知,有时也不问。知道合适的时间才问,知道不合适的时间便不问。如来所问,都是与利益相关的,无关利益的绝不问。对于无利之事,如来早已彻底断除。佛陀世尊以两种方式询问诸比丘:或是将要说法,或是将要为弟子们制立学处。显示巴利原文
Āciṇṇaṃ kho panetaṃ vassaṃvuṭṭhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Atha kho te bhikkhū vassaṃvuṭṭhā temāsaccayena senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena vesālī tena pakkamiṃsu. Anupubbena yena vesālī mahāvanaṃ kūṭāgārasālā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Tena kho pana samayena disāsu vassaṃvuṭṭhā bhikkhū kisā honti lūkhā dubbaṇṇā uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajātā dhamanisanthatagattā. Vaggumudātīriyā pana bhikkhū vaṇṇavā honti pīṇindriyā pasannamukhavaṇṇā vippasannachavivaṇṇā. Āciṇṇaṃ kho panetaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ āgantukehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ paṭisammodituṃ. Atha kho bhagavā vaggumudātīriye bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘kacci, bhikkhave, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā phāsukaṃ vassaṃ vasittha, na ca piṇḍakena kilamitthā’’ti? ‘‘Khamanīyaṃ bhagavā, yāpanīyaṃ bhagavā. Samaggā ca mayaṃ, bhante, sammodamānā avivadamānā phāsukaṃ vassaṃ vasimhā, na ca piṇḍakena kilamimhā’’ti. Jānantāpi tathāgatā pucchanti, jānantāpi na pucchanti. Kālaṃ viditvā pucchanti , kālaṃ viditvā na pucchanti. Atthasañhitaṃ tathāgatā pucchanti, no anatthasañhitaṃ. Anatthasañhite setughāto tathāgatānaṃ. Dvīhākārehi buddhā bhagavanto bhikkhū paṭipucchanti – dhammaṃ vā desessāma, sāvakānaṃ vā sikkhāpadaṃ paññapessāmāti.
于是,世尊对那些伐咕慕达河边的诸比丘说:“诸比丘,你们究竟是怎么做到和合、愉快、无诤地安稳度过雨安居,而且不曾为托钵乞食而劳累的呢?”于是,那些比丘就把事情的经过禀告了世尊。世尊问:“诸比丘,你们说的可是事实?”“世尊,是事实。”佛陀世尊呵责道:“……诸比丘,你们怎么能为了填饱肚子的缘故,就在在家人面前互相夸赞说上人法呢!诸比丘,这不能令未生信者生信……乃至……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处:”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā vaggumudātīriye bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘yathā kathaṃ pana tumhe, bhikkhave, samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā phāsukaṃ vassaṃ vasittha, na ca piṇḍakena kilamitthā’’ti? Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. ‘‘Kacci pana vo, bhikkhave, bhūta’’nti? ‘‘Bhūtaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, bhikkhave, udarassa kāraṇā gihīnaṃ aññamaññassa uttarimanussadhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsissatha! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
69 若比丘向未受具足戒者宣说自己确实证得的上人法(过人之法),犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu anupasampannassa uttarimanussadhammaṃ āroceyya bhūtasmiṃ, pācittiya’’nti.
70 所谓“比丘”,在此处是指……这样一类出家人。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓“未受具足戒者”,是指除了比丘和比丘尼之外的所有人。显示巴利原文
nāma bhikkhuñca bhikkhuniñca ṭhapetvā, avaseso anupasampanno nāma.
即:禅那、解脱、定、等至、智见、修道、证果、断烦恼、心离盖、乐于空闲处。显示巴利原文
nāma jhānaṃ, vimokkho, samādhi, samāpatti, ñāṇadassanaṃ, maggabhāvanā, phalasacchikiriyā, kilesappahānaṃ, vinīvaraṇatā cittassa, suññāgāre abhirati.
即:初禅、二禅、三禅、四禅。显示巴利原文
nti paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ, dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ, tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ, catutthaṃ jhānaṃ.
即:空解脱、无相解脱、无愿解脱。显示巴利原文
ti suññato vimokkho, animitto vimokkho, appaṇihito vimokkho.
即:空定、无相定、无愿定。显示巴利原文
ti suññato samādhi, animitto samādhi, appaṇihito samādhi.
即:空等至、无相等至、无愿等至。显示巴利原文
ti suññatā samāpatti, animittā samāpatti, appaṇihitā samāpatti.
三种智明。显示巴利原文
nti tisso vijjā.
四种念处、四种正勤、四种神足、五根、五力、七觉支、八支圣道。显示巴利原文
ti cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro iddhipādā, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, satta bojjhaṅgā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo.
证悟入流果、证悟一来果、证悟不还果、证悟阿拉汉果。显示巴利原文
ti sotāpattiphalassa sacchikiriyā, sakadāgāmiphalassa sacchikiriyā, anāgāmiphalassa sacchikiriyā, arahattassa sacchikiriyā.
断除贪、断除嗔、断除痴。显示巴利原文
nti rāgassa pahānaṃ, dosassa pahānaṃ, mohassa pahānaṃ.
心从贪中解脱障碍、心从嗔中解脱障碍、心从痴中解脱障碍。显示巴利原文
ti rāgā cittaṃ vinīvaraṇatā, dosā cittaṃ vinīvaraṇatā, mohā cittaṃ vinīvaraṇatā.
以初禅乐于空闲处、以第二禅乐于空闲处、以第三禅乐于空闲处、以第四禅乐于空闲处。显示巴利原文
ti paṭhamena jhānena suññāgāre abhirati, dutiyena jhānena suññāgāre abhirati, tatiyena jhānena suññāgāre abhirati, catutthena jhānena suññāgāre abhirati.
71 向未受具足戒者说:“他已证入初禅”——如此说者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji’’nti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
向未受具足戒者说:“我证入初禅”——如此说者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjāmī’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者说:“我已进入初禅”——说者犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpanno’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者说:“我是初禅的证得者”——说者犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamassa jhānassa lābhimhī’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者说:“我是初禅的掌握者”——说者犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamassa jhānassa vasimhī’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者说:“初禅已被我亲自证得”——说者犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ sacchikataṃ mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者说:“第二禅……第三禅……第四禅——我已进入、我正在进入、我已进入;我是第四禅的证得者、我是掌握者;第四禅已被我亲自证得”——说者犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; catutthassa jhānassa lābhimhi, vasimhi; catutthaṃ jhānaṃ sacchikataṃ mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者说:“空解脱……无相解脱……无愿解脱……空定……无相定……无愿定——我已进入、我正在进入、我已进入;我是无愿定的证得者、我是掌握者;无愿定已被我亲自证得”——说者犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘suññataṃ vimokkhaṃ… animittaṃ vimokkhaṃ… appaṇihitaṃ vimokkhaṃ… suññataṃ samādhiṃ… animittaṃ samādhiṃ… appaṇihitaṃ samādhiṃ samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; appaṇihitassa samādhissa lābhimhi, vasimhi; appaṇihito samādhi sacchikato mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者说:“空等至……无相等至……无愿等至——我已进入、我正在进入、我已进入;我是无愿等至的证得者、我是掌握者;无愿等至已被我亲自证得”——说者犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘suññataṃ samāpattiṃ… animittaṃ samāpattiṃ… appaṇihitaṃ samāpattiṃ samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; appaṇihitāya samāpattiyā lābhimhi, vasimhi; appaṇihitā samāpatti sacchikatā mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者说:“三明——我已进入、我正在进入、我已进入;我是三明的证得者、我是掌握者;三明已被我亲自证得”——说者犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘tisso vijjā samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; tissannaṃ vijjānaṃ lābhimhi, vasimhi; tisso vijjā sacchikatā mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者这样说:‘四念处……四正勤……四神足,我已入定,正入定,已得入定;我是四神足的获得者,是自在者;四神足已被我证得。’的人,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘cattāro satipaṭṭhāne… cattāro sammappadhāne… cattāro iddhipāde samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ lābhimhi, vasimhi; cattāro iddhipādā sacchikatā mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者这样说:‘五根……五力,我已入定,正入定,已得入定;我是五力的获得者,是自在者;五力已被我证得。’的人,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘pañcindriyāni… pañca balāni samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi , samāpanno; pañcannaṃ balānaṃ lābhimhi, vasimhi; pañca balāni sacchikatāni mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者这样说:‘七觉支,我已证得,正在证得,已证得;我是七觉支的获得者,是自在者;七觉支已被我证得。’的人,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘satta bojjhaṅge samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; sattannaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ lābhimhi, vasimhi; satta bojjhaṅgā sacchikatā mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者这样说:‘八圣道,我已证得,正在证得,已证得;我是八圣道的获得者,是自在者;八圣道已被我证得。’的人,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa lābhimhi, vasimhi; ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo sacchikato mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者这样说:‘入流果……一来果……不还果……阿拉汉果,我已证得,正在证得,已证得;我是阿拉汉果的获得者,是自在者;阿拉汉果已被我证得。’的人,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘sotāpattiphalaṃ… sakadāgāmiphalaṃ… anāgāmiphalaṃ… arahattaṃ samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; arahattassa lābhimhi, vasimhi; arahattaṃ sacchikataṃ mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者这样说:‘我的贪已断除,我的嗔已断除,我的痴已断除——已吐弃,已解除,已舍弃,已出离,已根除,已彻底根除。’的人,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘rāgo me catto… doso me catto… moho me catto, vanto, mutto, pahīno, paṭinissaṭṭho, ukkheṭito , samukkheṭito’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者这样说:‘我的心已离贪的障碍,我的心已离嗔的障碍,我的心已离痴的障碍。’的人,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘rāgā me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇaṃ… dosā me citta vinīvaraṇaṃ… mohā me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇa’’nti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者这样说:‘在空屋中,初禅……第二禅……第三禅……第四禅,我已入定,正入定,已得入定;在空屋中,我是第四禅的获得者,是自在者;在空屋中,第四禅已被我证得。’的人,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘suññāgāre paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; suññāgāre catutthassa jhānassa lābhimhi, vasimhi; suññāgāre catutthaṃ jhānaṃ sacchikataṃ mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
72 向未受具足戒者说:'我证得了初禅和第二禅,正在证得,已经证得;我具足初禅和第二禅,于其中熟练自在;初禅和第二禅已被我亲身证得'——这样说,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamañca jhānaṃ dutiyañca jhānaṃ samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; paṭhamassa ca jhānassa dutiyassa ca jhānassa lābhimhi, vasimhi; paṭhamañca jhānaṃ dutiyañca jhānaṃ sacchikataṃ mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
向未受具足戒者说:'我证得了初禅和第三禅……我证得了初禅和第四禅,正在证得,已经证得;我具足初禅和第四禅,于其中熟练自在;初禅和第四禅已被我亲身证得'——这样说,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamañca jhānaṃ tatiyañca jhānaṃ… paṭhamañca jhānaṃ catutthañca jhānaṃ samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; paṭhamassa ca jhānassa catutthassa ca jhānassa lābhimhi, vasimhi; paṭhamañca jhānaṃ catutthañca jhānaṃ sacchikataṃ mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
向未受具足戒者说:'我证得了初禅和空解脱……无相解脱……无愿解脱……空定……无相定……无愿定,正在证得,已经证得;我具足初禅和无愿定,于其中熟练自在;初禅和无愿定已被我亲身证得'——这样说,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamañca jhānaṃ suññatañca vimokkhaṃ… animittañca vimokkhaṃ… appaṇihitañca vimokkhaṃ… suññatañca samādhiṃ… animittañca samādhiṃ… appaṇihitañca samādhiṃ samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; paṭhamassa ca jhānassa appaṇihitassa ca samādhissa lābhimhi, vasimhi; paṭhamañca jhānaṃ appaṇihito ca samādhi sacchikato mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
向未受具足戒者说:'我证得了初禅和空等至……无相等至……无愿等至,正在证得,已经证得;我具足初禅和无愿等至,于其中熟练自在;初禅和无愿等至已被我亲身证得'——这样说,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamañca jhānaṃ suññatañca samāpattiṃ… animittañca samāpattiṃ… appaṇihitañca samāpattiṃ samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; paṭhamassa ca jhānassa appaṇihitāya ca samāpattiyā lābhimhi, vasimhi; paṭhamañca jhānaṃ appaṇihitā ca samāpatti sacchikatā mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
向未受具足戒者说:'我证得了初禅和三明,正在证得,已经证得;我具足初禅和三明,于其中熟练自在;初禅和三明已被我亲身证得'——这样说,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamañca jhānaṃ tisso ca vijjā samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; paṭhamassa ca jhānassa tissannañca vijjānaṃ lābhimhi, vasimhi; paṭhamañca jhānaṃ tisso ca vijjā sacchikatā mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
向未受具足戒者说:'我证得了初禅和四念处……四正勤……四神足,正在证得,已经证得;我具足初禅和四神足,于其中熟练自在;初禅和四神足已被我亲身证得'——这样说,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamañca jhānaṃ cattāro ca satipaṭṭhāne…pe… cattāro ca sammappadhāne… cattāro ca iddhipāde samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; paṭhamassa ca jhānassa catunnañca iddhipādānaṃ lābhimhi, vasimhi; paṭhamañca jhānaṃ cattāro ca iddhipādā sacchikatā mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
向未受具足戒者说:'我证得了初禅、五根……五力,正在证得,已经证得;我具足初禅和五力,于其中熟练自在;初禅和五力已被我亲身证得'——这样说,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamañca jhānaṃ, pañca ca indriyāni… pañca ca balāni samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; paṭhamassa ca jhānassa pañcannañca balānaṃ lābhimhi, vasimhi; paṭhamañca jhānaṃ pañca ca balāni sacchikatāni mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
向未受具足戒者说:'我证得了初禅和七觉支,正在证得,已经证得;我具足初禅和七觉支,于其中熟练自在;初禅和七觉支已被我亲身证得'——这样说,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamañca jhānaṃ satta ca bojjhaṅge samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; paṭhamassa ca jhānassa sattannañca bojjhaṅgānaṃ lābhimhi, vasimhi; paṭhamañca jhānaṃ satta ca bojjhaṅgā sacchikatā mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者这样说——'我证入了初禅和圣八支道,正在证入,已证入;我获得并精通初禅和圣八支道;初禅和圣八支道已被我亲自证得'——说者犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamañca jhānaṃ ariyañca aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; paṭhamassa ca jhānassa ariyassa ca aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa lābhimhi, vasimhi; paṭhamañca jhānaṃ ariyo ca aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo sacchikato mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者这样说——'我证入了初禅和入流果……一来果……不来果……阿拉汉果,正在证入,已证入;我获得并精通初禅和阿拉汉果;初禅和阿拉汉果已被我亲自证得'——说者犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamañca jhānaṃ sotāpattiphalañca… sakadāgāmiphalañca… anāgāmiphalañca… arahattañca samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; paṭhamassa ca jhānassa arahattassa ca lābhimhi, vasimhi; paṭhamañca jhānaṃ arahattañca sacchikataṃ mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者这样说——'我证入了初禅,正在证入,已证入……我的贪已被舍断……嗔已被舍断……痴已被舍断、吐出、释放、断除、摒弃、根除、彻底根除'——说者犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamañca jhānaṃ samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno… rāgo ca me catto… doso ca me catto… moho ca me catto, vanto, mutto, pahīno, paṭinissaṭṭho, ukkheṭito, samukkheṭito’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者这样说——'我证入了初禅,正在证入,已证入……我的心已离贪的障碍……离嗔的障碍……离痴的障碍'——说者犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamañca jhānaṃ samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno… rāgā ca me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇaṃ… dosā ca me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇaṃ… mohā ca me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇa’’nti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
73 对未受具足戒者这样说——'我证入了第二禅和第三禅……第二禅和第四禅,正在证入,已证入;我获得并精通第二禅和第四禅;第二禅和第四禅已被我亲自证得'——说者犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘dutiyañca jhānaṃ tatiyañca jhānaṃ… dutiyañca jhānaṃ catutthañca jhānaṃ samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; dutiyassa ca jhānassa catutthassa ca jhānassa lābhimhi, vasimhi; dutiyañca jhānaṃ catutthañca jhānaṃ sacchikataṃ mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者这样说——'我证入了第二禅和空解脱……我的心已离痴的障碍'——说者犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘dutiyañca jhānaṃ suññatañca vimokkhaṃ…pe… mohā ca me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇa’’nti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者这样说——'我证入了第二禅和初禅,正在证入,已证入;我获得并精通第二禅和初禅;第二禅和初禅已被我亲自证得'——说者犯波逸提……显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘dutiyañca jhānaṃ paṭhamañca jhānaṃ samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; dutiyassa ca jhānassa paṭhamassa ca jhānassa lābhimhi, vasimhi; dutiyañca jhānaṃ paṭhamañca jhānaṃ sacchikataṃ mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe….
对未受具足戒者这样说——'我的心已离痴的障碍,我证入了初禅,正在证入,已证入;我的心已离痴的障碍,我获得并精通初禅;我的心已离痴的障碍,初禅已被我亲自证得'——说者犯波逸提……显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘mohā ca me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇaṃ, paṭhamañca jhānaṃ samāpajjiṃ, samāpajjāmi, samāpanno; mohā ca me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇaṃ, paṭhamassa ca jhānassa lābhimhi, vasimhi; mohā ca me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇaṃ, paṭhamañca jhānaṃ sacchikataṃ mayā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe….
对未受具足戒者说:“我的心已从痴中解脱,已从嗔中解脱”——这样说的人,犯波逸提。……(略)显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘mohā ca me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇaṃ, dosā ca me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇa’’nti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa…pe….
对未受具足戒者说:“我已证入初禅、第二禅、第三禅、第四禅,空解脱、无相解脱、无愿解脱,空定、无相定、无愿定,空等至、无相等至、无愿等至,三明、四念处、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七觉支、圣八支道,我已证得入流果、一来果、不来果、阿拉汉果……(略)我的贪已断、嗔已断、痴已断,已吐弃、已解脱、已舍离、已摈除、已彻底摈除;我的心已从贪中解脱,已从嗔中解脱,已从痴中解脱”——这样说的人,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamañca jhānaṃ dutiyañca jhānaṃ tatiyañca jhānaṃ catutthañca jhānaṃ suññatañca vimokkhaṃ animittañca vimokkhaṃ appaṇihitañca vimokkhaṃ suññatañca samādhiṃ animittañca samādhiṃ appaṇihitañca samādhiṃ suññatañca samāpattiṃ animittañca samāpattiṃ appaṇihitañca samāpattiṃ tisso ca vijjā cattāro ca satipaṭṭhāne cattāro ca sammappadhāne cattāro ca iddhipāde pañca ca indriyāni pañca ca balāni satta ca bojjhaṅge ariyañca aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ sotāpattiphalañca sakadāgāmiphalañca anāgāmiphalañca arahattañca samāpajjiṃ…pe… rāgo ca me catto, doso ca me catto, moho ca me catto, vanto, mutto, pahīno, paṭinissaṭṭho, ukkheṭito samukkheṭito, rāgā ca me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇaṃ, dosā ca me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇaṃ, mohā ca me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇa’’nti bhaṇantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
74 对未受具足戒者,本想说自己“证入了初禅”,却说成了“证入了第二禅”——听者明白意思的,犯波逸提;听者不明白意思的,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji’’nti vattukāmo ‘‘dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji’’nti bhaṇantassa paṭivijānantassa āpatti pācittiyassa, na paṭivijānantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对未受具足戒者,本想说自己“证入了初禅”,却说成了“证入了第三禅……(略)第四禅、空解脱、无相解脱、无愿解脱、空定、无相定、无愿定、空等至、无相等至、无愿等至、三明、四念处、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七觉支、圣八支道,证得入流果、一来果、不来果、阿拉汉果……(略)我的贪已断、嗔已断、痴已断,已吐弃、已解脱、已舍离;已摈除、已彻底摈除;我的心已从贪中解脱,已从嗔中解脱,已从痴中解脱”——这样说时,听者明白意思的,犯波逸提;听者不明白意思的,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji’’nti vattukāmo ‘‘tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ, suññataṃ vimokkhaṃ, animittaṃ vimokkhaṃ, appaṇihitaṃ vimokkhaṃ, suññataṃ samādhiṃ, animittaṃ samādhiṃ, appaṇihitaṃ samādhiṃ, suññataṃ samāpattiṃ, animittaṃ samāpattiṃ, appaṇihitaṃ samāpattiṃ, tisso vijjā, cattāro satipaṭṭhāne, cattāro sammappadhāne, cattāro iddhipāde, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, satta bojjhaṅge, ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, sotāpattiphalaṃ, sakadāgāmiphalaṃ, anāgāmiphalaṃ, arahattaṃ samāpajjiṃ…pe… rāgo me catto, doso me catto, moho me catto, vanto, mutto, pahīno; paṭinissaṭṭho, ukkheṭito, samukkheṭito; rāgā me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇaṃ, dosā me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇaṃ, mohā me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇa’’nti bhaṇantassa paṭivijānantassa āpatti pācittiyassa, na paṭivijānantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对未受具足戒者,本想说自己“证入了第二禅”……(略)却说成了“我的心已从痴中解脱”——听者明白意思的,犯波逸提;听者不明白意思的,犯恶作。……(略)显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji’’nti vattukāmo…pe… ‘‘mohā me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇa’’nti bhaṇantassa paṭivijānantassa āpatti pācittiyassa, na paṭivijānantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa…pe….
对未受具足戒者,本想说自己“证入了第二禅”,却说成了“证入了初禅”——听者明白意思的,犯波逸提;听者不明白意思的,犯恶作。……(略)显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji’’nti vattukāmo – ‘‘paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji’’nti bhaṇantassa paṭivijānantassa āpatti pācittiyassa, na paṭivijānantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa…pe….
对未受具足戒者,本想说自己“我的心已从痴中解脱”,却说成了“证入了初禅”——听者明白意思的,犯波逸提;听者不明白意思的,犯恶作。……(略)显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘mohā me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇa’’nti vattukāmo – ‘‘paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji’’nti bhaṇantassa paṭivijānantassa āpatti pācittiyassa, na paṭivijānantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa…pe….
对未受具足戒者,本想说自己“我的心已从痴中解脱”,却说成了“我的心已从嗔中解脱”——听者明白意思的,犯波逸提;听者不明白意思的,犯恶作。……(略)显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘mohā me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇa’’nti vattukāmo – ‘‘dosā me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇa’’nti bhaṇantassa paṭivijānantassa āpatti pācittiyassa, na paṭivijānantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa…pe….
对未受具足戒者,本想告知:'初禅、第二禅、第三禅、第四禅……而且我的内心已无嗔恚之障',却说成'我的内心已无愚痴之障',若对方明白,犯波逸提;若对方不明白,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘paṭhamañca jhānaṃ dutiyañca jhānaṃ tatiyañca jhānaṃ catutthañca jhānaṃ …pe… dosā ca me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇa’’nti vattukāmo – ‘‘mohā me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇa’’nti bhaṇantassa paṭivijānantassa āpatti pācittiyassa, na paṭivijānantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对未受具足戒者,本想告知:'第二禅、第三禅、第四禅……而且我的内心已无愚痴之障',却说成'已证入初禅',若对方明白,犯波逸提;若对方不明白,犯恶作。……显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘dutiyañca jhānaṃ tatiyañca jhānaṃ catutthañca jhānaṃ…pe… mohā ca me cittaṃ vinīvaraṇa’’nti vattukāmo – ‘‘paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji’’nti bhaṇantassa paṭivijānantassa āpatti pācittiyassa, na paṭivijānantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa…pe….
75 对未受具足戒者说:'曾在你寺院住过的那位比丘,已证入初禅、正在证入、已证得;那位比丘是初禅的获得者、纯熟者;那位比丘已现证初禅',犯恶作。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘yo te vihāre vasi so bhikkhu paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji, samāpajjati, samāpanno; so bhikkhu paṭhamassa jhānassa lābhī, vasī; tena bhikkhunā paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ sacchikata’’nti bhaṇantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对未受具足戒者说:'曾在你寺院住过的那位比丘,已证入第二禅……第三禅、第四禅、正在证入、已证得;那位比丘是第四禅的获得者、纯熟者;那位比丘已现证第四禅',犯恶作。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘yo te vihāre vasi so bhikkhu dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji, samāpajjati, samāpanno; so bhikkhu catutthassa jhānassa lābhī, vasī; tena bhikkhunā catutthaṃ jhānaṃ sacchikata’’nti bhaṇantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对未受具足戒者说:'曾在你寺院住过的那位比丘,已证入空解脱……无相解脱、无愿解脱、空定、无相定、无愿定、正在证入、已证得;那位比丘是无愿定的获得者、纯熟者;那位比丘已现证无愿定',犯恶作。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘yo te vihāre vasi so bhikkhu suññataṃ vimokkhaṃ…pe… animittaṃ vimokkhaṃ appaṇihitaṃ vimokkhaṃ suññataṃ samādhiṃ animittaṃ samādhiṃ appaṇihitaṃ samādhiṃ samāpajji, samāpajjati, samāpanno; so bhikkhu appaṇihitassa samādhissa lābhī, vasī; tena bhikkhunā appaṇihito samādhi sacchikato’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对未受具足戒者说:'曾在你寺院住过的那位比丘,已证入空等至……无相等至、无愿等至、正在证入、已证得;是无愿等至的获得者、纯熟者;那位比丘已现证无愿等至',犯恶作。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘yo te vihāre vasi so bhikkhu suññataṃ samāpattiṃ…pe… animittaṃ samāpattiṃ appaṇihitaṃ samāpattiṃ samāpajji, samāpajjati, samāpanno; appaṇihitāya samāpattiyā lābhī, vasī; tena bhikkhunā appaṇihitā samāpatti sacchikatā’’ti bhaṇantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对未受具足戒者说:'曾在你寺院住过的那位比丘,已证入三明……四念处、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七觉支、圣八支道、入流果、一来果、不来果、阿拉汉果……正在证入、已证得……那位比丘已舍断贪、舍断嗔、舍断痴,已吐出、已解脱、已断除、已舍弃、已拔除、已彻底拔除;那位比丘的内心已无贪之障、无嗔之障、无痴之障',犯恶作。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘yo te vihāre vasi so bhikkhu tisso vijjā …pe… cattāro satipaṭṭhāne, cattāro sammappadhāne, cattāro iddhipāde, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, satta bojhaṅge, ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, sotāpattiphalaṃ, sakadāgāmiphalaṃ, anāgāmiphalaṃ, arahattaṃ samāpajji…pe… samāpajjati, samāpanno…pe… tassa bhikkhuno rāgo catto, doso catto, moho catto, vanto, mutto, pahīno, paṭinissaṭṭho, ukkheṭito, samukkheṭito; tassa bhikkhuno rāgā cittaṃ vinīvaraṇaṃ, dosā cittaṃ vinīvaraṇaṃ, mohā cittaṃ vinīvaraṇa’’nti bhaṇantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对未受具足戒者说:'曾在你寺院住过的那位比丘,在空闲处已证入初禅……第二禅、第三禅、第四禅、正在证入、已证得;那位比丘在空闲处是第四禅的获得者、纯熟者;那位比丘在空闲处已现证第四禅',犯恶作。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘yo te vihāre vasi so bhikkhu suññāgāre paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji, samāpajjati, samāpanno; so bhikkhu suññāgāre catutthassa jhānassa lābhī, vasī; tena bhikkhunā suññāgāre catutthaṃ jhānaṃ sacchikata’’nti bhaṇantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对未受具足戒者这样说——“那位受用过你的衣、用过你的钵食、用过你的住所、用过你的医药必需品的比丘,曾在空闲处证入第四禅、正在证入、已证入;那位比丘是空闲处第四禅的获得者、自在者;那位比丘在空闲处亲证了第四禅”——说者犯恶作。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘yo te cīvaraṃ paribhuñji, yo te piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñji, yo te senāsanaṃ paribhuñji, yo te gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ paribhuñji so bhikkhu suññāgāre catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji, samāpajjati, samāpanno; so bhikkhu suññāgāre catutthassa jhānassa lābhī, vasī; tena bhikkhunā suññāgāre catutthaṃ jhānaṃ sacchikata’’nti bhaṇantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa.
76 对未受具足戒者这样说——“那位比丘为你受用了住所……为你受用了衣、为你受用了钵食、为你受用了住所、为你受用了医药必需品,那位比丘在空闲处证入第四禅、正在证入、已证入;那位比丘是空闲处第四禅的获得者、自在者;那位比丘在空闲处亲证了第四禅”——说者犯恶作。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘yena te vihāro paribhutto…pe… yena te cīvaraṃ paribhuttaṃ, yena te piṇḍapāto paribhutto, yena te senāsanaṃ paribhuttaṃ, yena te gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāro paribhutto so bhikkhu suññāgāre catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji, samāpajjati, samāpanno; so bhikkhu suññāgāre catutthassa jhānassa lābhī, vasī; tena bhikkhunā suññāgāre catutthaṃ jhānaṃ sacchikata’’nti bhaṇantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对未受具足戒者这样说——“你因那位比丘而布施了住所……布施了衣、布施了钵食、布施了住所、布施了医药必需品,那位比丘在空闲处证入第四禅、正在证入、已证入;那位比丘是空闲处第四禅的获得者、自在者;那位比丘在空闲处亲证了第四禅”——说者犯恶作。显示巴利原文
ti anupasampannassa – ‘‘yaṃ tvaṃ āgamma vihāraṃ adāsi…pe… cīvaraṃ adāsi, piṇḍapātaṃ adāsi, senāsanaṃ adāsi, gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ adāsi so bhikkhu suññāgāre catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji, samāpajjati, samāpanno; so bhikkhu suññāgāre catutthassa jhānassa lābhī, vasī; tena bhikkhunā suññāgāre catutthaṃ jhānaṃ sacchikata’’nti bhaṇantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa.
77 不犯者:对已受具足戒者说、说真实情况、最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti upasampannassa, bhūtaṃ āroceti, ādikammikassāti.
9. 粗重报学处显示巴利原文
9. Duṭṭhullārocanasikkhāpadaṃ
78 那时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,具寿优波难陀·释迦子与六群比丘发生了争吵。他故意出精而犯了僧残罪,为那罪向僧团乞求别住。僧团便为那罪给了他别住。那时,在舍卫城有一个团体供僧食。正在别住的他,坐在斋堂的座位边缘。六群比丘对那些居士这样说:‘贤友们,这位具寿优波难陀·释迦子是你们所尊重的、熟悉的供养者;他就是用那只接受信施的手,自己刺激而排出了不净物。他犯了故意出精的僧残罪,为此向僧团乞求别住,僧团给了别住。现在他正在别住中,坐在座位边缘。’ 那些少欲的比丘……呵责说:‘六群比丘怎么能将比丘的粗重罪告诉未受具足戒者呢!’ ……世尊问:‘诸比丘,你们确实将比丘的粗重罪告诉未受具足戒者吗?’ ‘是的,世尊。’ 世尊呵责:‘你们这些愚人,怎么能将比丘的粗重罪告诉未受具足戒者呢!这不能令未信者生信……诸比丘,应当这样诵此学处——’显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto chabbaggiyehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ bhaṇḍanakato hoti. So sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvā saṅghaṃ tassā āpattiyā parivāsaṃ yāci. Tassa saṅgho tassā āpattiyā parivāsaṃ adāsi. Tena kho pana samayena sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa pūgassa saṅghabhattaṃ hoti. So parivasanto bhattagge āsanapariyante nisīdi. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū te upāsake etadavocuṃ – ‘‘eso, āvuso, āyasmā upanando sakyaputto tumhākaṃ sambhāvito kulūpako; yeneva hatthena saddhādeyyaṃ bhuñjati teneva hatthena upakkamitvā asuciṃ mocesi. So sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvā saṅghaṃ tassā āpattiyā parivāsaṃ yāci. Tassa saṅgho tassā āpattiyā parivāsaṃ adāsi . So parivasanto āsanapariyante nisinno’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhussa duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ anupasampannassa ārocessantī’’ti…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ anupasampannassa ārocethā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ , bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, bhikkhussa duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ anupasampannassa ārocessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
79 若比丘向未受具足戒者宣说其他比丘的粗恶罪,除非得到僧团许可,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhussa duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ anupasampannassa āroceyya, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā bhikkhusammatiyā (syā.), pācittiya’’nti.
80 “比丘”一词,是指这样这样……这就是此处所说的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
指其他比丘的。显示巴利原文
ti aññassa bhikkhussa.
这些罪过的名称是——四波罗夷,十三僧残。显示巴利原文
nāma āpatti – cattāri ca pārājikāni, terasa ca saṅghādisesā.
比丘和比丘尼除外,其余的人被称为未受具足戒者。显示巴利原文
nāma bhikkhuñca bhikkhuniñca ṭhapetvā avaseso anupasampanno nāma.
他应向女人、男人、在家人或出家人告知。显示巴利原文
ti āroceyya itthiyā vā purisassa vā gahaṭṭhassa vā pabbajitassa vā.
但比丘羯磨除外。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā bhikkhusammutiṃ.
有一种比丘羯磨是以罪过为限,不以家族为限。有一种比丘羯磨是以家族为限,不以罪过为限。有一种比丘羯磨既以罪过为限,也以家族为限。有一种比丘羯磨既不以罪过为限,也不以家族为限。显示巴利原文
Atthi bhikkhusammuti āpattipariyantā, na kulapariyantā. Atthi bhikkhusammuti kulapariyantā, na āpattipariyantā, atthi bhikkhusammuti āpattipariyantā ca kulapariyantā ca, atthi bhikkhusammuti neva āpattipariyantā na kulapariyantā.
所谓罪过被限定,意思是——'对于这些罪过,应该进行告知'。显示巴利原文
nāma āpattiyo pariggahitāyo honti – ‘‘ettakāhi āpattīhi ārocetabbo’’ti.
所谓家族被限定,意思是——'在这些家族中,应该进行告知'。所谓罪过被限定且家族也被限定,意思是——'对于这些罪过,在这些家族中,应该进行告知'。所谓罪过未被限定且家族也未被限定,意思是——'对于这些罪过,在这些家族中,应该进行告知'。显示巴利原文
nāma kulāni pariggahitāni honti – ‘‘ettakesu kulesu ārocetabbo’’ti. nāma āpattiyo ca pariggahitāyo honti, kulāni ca pariggahitāni honti – ‘‘ettakāhi āpattīhi ettakesu kulesu ārocetabbo’’ti. nāma āpattiyo ca apariggahitāyo honti, kulāni ca apariggahitāni honti – ‘‘ettakāhi āpattīhi ettakesu kulesu ārocetabbo’’ti.
81 在以罪过为限的羯磨中,如果抛开那些已被限定的罪过,而就其他罪过进行告知,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Āpattipariyante yā āpattiyo pariggahitāyo honti, tā āpattiyo ṭhapetvā aññāhi āpattīhi āroceti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
比丘撇开在指定家族范围内已被认定的那些家族,而向其他家族告知,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Kulapariyante yāni kulāni pariggahitāni honti, tāni kulāni ṭhapetvā aññesu kulesu āroceti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
在指定的罪行范围和指定的家族范围内,有已被认定的罪和已被认定的家族;如果比丘撇开那些罪、撇开那些家族,而用其他的罪、向其他的家族去告知,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Āpattipariyante ca kulapariyante ca yā āpattiyo pariggahitāyo honti, tā āpattiyo ṭhapetvā yāni kulāni pariggahitāni honti, tāni kulāni ṭhapetvā aññāhi āpattīhi aññesu kulesu āroceti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
既不在罪的范围、也不在家族的范围,没有犯。显示巴利原文
Neva āpattipariyante na kulapariyante, anāpatti.
82 对于粗重罪,持有粗重罪想,向未受具足戒者告知,除非得到诸比丘的授权,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Duṭṭhullāya āpattiyā duṭṭhullāpattisaññī anupasampannassa āroceti, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
对于粗重罪,心怀疑惑,向未受具足戒者告知,除非得到诸比丘的授权,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Duṭṭhullāya āpattiyā vematiko anupasampannassa āroceti, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
对于粗重罪,持有非粗重罪想,向未受具足戒者告知,除非得到诸比丘的授权,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Duṭṭhullāya āpattiyā aduṭṭhullāpattisaññī anupasampannassa āroceti, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
告知非粗重的罪,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ āroceti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
向未受具足戒者告知粗重的或非粗重的犯戒行为,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Anupasampannassa duṭṭhullaṃ vā aduṭṭhullaṃ vā ajjhācāraṃ āroceti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对非粗恶性罪有粗恶性罪想,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Aduṭṭhullāya āpattiyā duṭṭhullāpattisaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对非粗恶性罪有疑惑,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Aduṭṭhullāya āpattiyā vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对非粗恶性罪有非粗恶性罪想,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Aduṭṭhullāya āpattiyā aduṭṭhullāpattisaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
83 不犯:陈述事而不陈述罪、陈述罪而不陈述事、有比丘认可、精神失常者、最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti vatthuṃ āroceti no āpattiṃ, āpattiṃ āroceti no vatthuṃ, bhikkhusammutiyā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
10. 掘地学处显示巴利原文
10. Pathavīkhaṇanasikkhāpadaṃ
84 那时,佛陀世尊住在阿罗毗的阿伽罗婆寺。那时,阿罗毗的诸比丘从事营造工作时,亲自挖地,也指使人挖地。人们讥嫌、不满、指责说:“这些沙门释迦子怎么能亲自挖地,又指使人挖地呢!沙门释迦子在伤害独根的生命!”诸比丘听到了那些人们讥嫌、不满、指责的话。那些少求的诸比丘……也讥嫌、不满、指责说:“阿罗毗的诸比丘怎么能亲自挖地,又指使人挖地呢!”……“诸比丘,你们真的亲自挖地,也指使人挖地吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责说……“你们这些愚人,怎么能亲自挖地,又指使人挖地呢!愚人们,人们对地是有生命想。愚人们,这不能让没有信心的人生起信心……那么,诸比丘,应当这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā āḷaviyaṃ viharati aggāḷave cetiye. Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṃ karontā pathaviṃ khaṇantipi khaṇāpentipi. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā pathaviṃ khaṇissantipi khaṇāpessantipi! Ekindriyaṃ samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jīvaṃ viheṭhentī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āḷavakā bhikkhū pathaviṃ khaṇissantipi khaṇāpessantipī’’ti…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, pathaviṃ khaṇathapi khaṇāpethapī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, pathaviṃ khaṇissathapi khaṇāpessathapi! Jīvasaññino hi, moghapurisā, manussā pathaviyā. Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
85 若比丘自己掘地或教人掘地,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu pathaviṃ khaṇeyya vā khaṇāpeyya vā, pācittiya’’nti.
86 “比丘”是指这样那样的……(……)……在此处,这就是所指的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
地有两种:生地和未生地。显示巴利原文
nāma dve pathaviyo – jātā ca pathavī ajātā ca pathavī.
名为‘生土’者:纯泥沙、纯黏土,少石、少砂砾、少碎瓦、少碎石、少沙,以泥沙为主,以黏土为主。未被烧过的也称为生土。任何土堆或黏土堆,被雨水冲刷超过四个月的,也称为生土。显示巴利原文
nāma pathavī – suddhapaṃsu suddhamattikā appapāsāṇā appasakkharā appakaṭhalā appamarumbā appavālikā, yebhuyyenapaṃsukā, yebhuyyenamattikā. Adaḍḍhāpi vuccati jātā pathavī. Yopi paṃsupuñjo vā mattikāpuñjo vā atirekacātumāsaṃ ovaṭṭho, ayampi vuccati jātā pathavī.
名为‘不生土’者:纯石、纯砂砾、纯碎瓦、纯碎石、纯沙,少泥沙、少黏土,以石为主,以砂砾为主,以碎瓦为主,以碎石为主,以沙为主。被烧过的也称为不生土。任何土堆或黏土堆,被雨水冲刷不足四个月的,也称为不生土。显示巴利原文
nāma pathavī – suddhapāsāṇā suddhasakkharā suddhakaṭhalā suddhamarumbā suddhavālikā appapaṃsukā appamattikā, yebhuyyenapāsāṇā, yebhuyyenasakkharā, yebhuyyenakaṭhalā, yebhuyyenamarumbā, yebhuyyenavālikā. Daḍḍhāpi vuccati ajātā pathavī. Yopi paṃsupuñjo vā mattikāpuñjo vā omakacātumāsaṃ ovaṭṭho, ayampi vuccati ajātā pathavī.
自己挖掘,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti sayaṃ khaṇati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
指使他人挖掘,犯波逸提。一次教令而挖掘多次,也犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti aññaṃ āṇāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Sakiṃ āṇatto bahukampi khaṇati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
87 于地,有地想而挖掘或令人挖掘,破坏或令人破坏,烧或令人烧,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Pathaviyā pathavisaññī khaṇati vā khaṇāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, dahati vā dahāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
于地,有疑而挖掘或令人挖掘,破坏或令人破坏,烧或令人烧,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Pathaviyā vematiko khaṇati vā khaṇāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, dahati vā dahāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
于地,无地想而挖掘或令人挖掘,破坏或令人破坏,烧或令人烧,无犯。显示巴利原文
Pathaviyā apathavisaññī khaṇati vā khaṇāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, dahati vā dahāpeti vā, anāpatti.
于非地,有地想,犯恶作。于非地,有疑,犯恶作。于非地,无地想,无犯。显示巴利原文
Apathaviyā pathavisaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Apathaviyā vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Apathaviyā apathavisaññī, anāpatti.
88 无犯——说“认一下这个”“给这个”“拿这个来”“用这个有必要”“把这个作净”之语时;无意时;失念时;无知者;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – ‘‘imaṃ jāna, imaṃ dehi, imaṃ āhara, iminā attho, imaṃ kappiyaṃ karohī’’ti bhaṇati, asañcicca, asatiyā, ajānantassa, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
妄语、轻蔑语、离间语,逐句与同宿二条;
除智者、真实,粗重罪与掘地。
显示巴利原文 Musā omasapesuññaṃ, padaseyyāya ve duve; Aññatra viññunā bhūtā, duṭṭhullāpatti khaṇanāti.
2. 植物品显示巴利原文
2. Bhūtagāmavaggo
1. 有生命植物学处显示巴利原文
1. Bhūtagāmasikkhāpadaṃ
89 那时,佛陀世尊住在阿罗毗的阿伽罗婆寺。那时,阿罗毗的诸比丘因作土木工程,既自己砍树,也叫人砍树。有位阿罗毗比丘在砍树。住在该树上的树神对比丘说:“尊者,请不要为了建自己的住处而砍我的住处。”这比丘不理睬,继续砍,还敲伤了树神小孩的手臂。树神想:“我不如就地取这比丘的性命”。接着又想:“我若就地取这比丘性命,这不妥当。不如将此事禀告世尊。”于是那树神就去世尊那儿,向世尊禀告了此事。世尊说:“善哉,善哉,天神!天神,你没取这比丘性命,你做得真好。天神,若你今天取了这比丘性命,你会造下大量非福。去吧天神,在某某处有棵独株树,你去吧。”人们讥嫌、呵责、批评道:“这些沙门释迦子怎么既自己砍树,又叫别人砍树!这些沙门释迦子伤害独一生根!”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā āḷaviyaṃ viharati aggāḷave cetiye. Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṃ karontā rukkhaṃ chindantipi chedāpentipi. Aññataropi āḷavako bhikkhu rukkhaṃ chindati. Tasmiṃ rukkhe adhivatthā devatā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā, bhante, attano bhavanaṃ kattukāmo mayhaṃ bhavanaṃ chindī’’ti. So bhikkhu anādiyanto chindi yeva, tassā ca devatāya dārakassa bāhuṃ ākoṭesi. Atha kho tassā devatāya etadahosi – ‘‘yaṃnnūnāhaṃ imaṃ bhikkhuṃ idheva jīvitā voropeyya’’nti. Atha kho tassā devatāya etadahosi – ‘‘na kho metaṃ patirūpaṃ yāhaṃ imaṃ bhikkhuṃ idheva jīvitā voropeyyaṃ. Yannūnāhaṃ bhagavato etamatthaṃ āroceyya’’nti. Atha kho sā devatā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi. ‘‘Sādhu sādhu devate! Sādhu kho tvaṃ, devate, taṃ bhikkhuṃ jīvitā na voropesi. Sacajja tvaṃ, devate, taṃ bhikkhuṃ jīvitā voropeyyāsi, bahuñca tvaṃ, devate, apuññaṃ pasaveyyāsi. Gaccha tvaṃ, devate, amukasmiṃ okāse rukkho vivitto tasmiṃ upagacchā’’ti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā rukkhaṃ chindissantipi chedāpessantipi ekindriyaṃ samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jīvaṃ viheṭhessantī’’ti!
那些比丘听到了人们讥嫌、呵责、批评的声音。那些少欲知足的比丘……也讥嫌、呵责、批评道:“这些阿罗毗的比丘怎么既自己砍树,又叫别人砍树!”……(世尊问:)“诸比丘,你们真的既自己砍树,又叫别人砍树吗?”“真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道:“……愚蠢的人啊,你们怎么既自己砍树,又叫别人砍树!愚蠢的人啊,人们认为树有生命。愚蠢的人啊,这不能令未生信者生信……诸比丘,应这样诵此学处——”显示巴利原文
Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āḷavakā bhikkhū rukkhaṃ chindissantipi chedāpessantipī’’ti…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, rukkhaṃ chindathāpi chedāpethāpī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, rukkhaṃ chindissathāpi, chedāpessathāpi! Jīvasaññino hi, moghapurisā, manussā rukkhasmiṃ, netaṃ moghapurisā appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
90 损坏草木(生物村)者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhūtagāmapātabyatāya pācittiya’’nti.
91 有五种种子:根种、茎种、节种、枝种,种子本身为第五种。显示巴利原文
nāma pañca bījajātāni – mūlabījaṃ, khandhabījaṃ, phaḷubījaṃ, aggabījaṃ, bījabījameva pañcamaṃ.
根种是指:姜、姜黄、菖蒲、白菖蒲、阿提味沙、苦黄连、优尸罗、跋达穆他卡,以及其他任何从根出生、在根中繁育的——这些称为根种。显示巴利原文
nāma – haliddi, siṅgiveraṃ, vacā, vacattaṃ, ativisā, kaṭukarohiṇī, usīraṃ, bhaddamūttakaṃ, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi mūle jāyanti, mūle sañjāyanti, etaṃ mūlabījaṃ nāma.
茎种是指:菩提树、榕树、毕罗叉树、优昙婆罗树、迦洽卡树、迦毘他诺树,以及其他任何从茎出生、在茎中繁育的——这些称为茎种。显示巴利原文
nāma – assattho, nigrodho, pilakkho, udumbaro, kacchako, kapitthano, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi khandhe jāyanti, khandhe sañjāyanti, etaṃ khandhabījaṃ nāma.
节种是指:甘蔗、竹、芦苇,以及其他任何从节出生、在节中繁育的——这些称为节种。显示巴利原文
nāma – ucchu, veḷu, naḷo, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi pabbe jāyanti, pabbe sañjāyanti, etaṃ phaḷubījaṃ nāma.
枝种是指:阿朱咖、法尼迦、希利味罗,以及其他任何从枝头出生、在枝头繁育的——这些称为枝种。显示巴利原文
nāma – ajjukaṃ, phaṇijjakaṃ, hiriveraṃ, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi agge jāyanti, agge sañjāyanti, etaṃ aggabījaṃ nāma.
种子种是指:谷物、豆类,以及其他任何在种子中出生、在种子中繁育的——这些称为种子种。显示巴利原文
nāma – pubbaṇṇaṃ, aparaṇṇaṃ, yāni vā panaññānipi atthi bīje jāyanti, bīje sañjāyanti, etaṃ bījabījaṃ nāma.
92 对于种子,如果生起种子想而自砍或令他人砍,自坏或令他人坏,自煮或令他人煮,犯波逸提罪。对于种子有疑而自砍或令他人砍,自坏或令他人坏,自煮或令他人煮,犯恶作罪。对于种子生起非种子想而自砍或令他人砍,自坏或令他人坏,自煮或令他人煮,无犯。对于非种子生起种子想,犯恶作罪。对于非种子有疑,犯恶作罪。对于非种子生起非种子想,无犯。显示巴利原文
Bīje bījasaññī chindati vā chedāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, pacati vā pacāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Bīje vematiko chindati vā chedāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, pacati vā pacāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Bīje abījasaññī chindati vā chedāpeti vā, bhindati vā bhedāpeti vā, pacati vā pacāpeti vā, anāpatti. Abīje bījasaññī āpatti dukkaṭassa. Abīje vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Abīje abījasaññī, anāpatti.
93 无犯的情形:说“你认知这个,你给这个,你拿这个来,需要这个,你把这个做净”时,无意而为,不记得,不知道,精神失常者,最初犯行者——这些情况无犯。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – ‘‘imaṃ jāna, imaṃ dehi, imaṃ āhara, iminā attho, imaṃ kappiyaṃ karohī’’ti bhaṇati, asañcicca, assatiyā, ajānantassa, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
2. 异语恼乱学处显示巴利原文
2. Aññavādakasikkhāpadaṃ
94 那时,佛陀世尊住在憍赏弥的瞿师罗园。就在那个时候,具寿阐陀作出不正当的行为,在僧团中被追查所犯罪过时,他避实就虚地搪塞说:“谁犯了?犯了什么?在什么事情上犯了?怎么犯的?你们在说谁?你们在说什么?”那些少欲的诸比丘……呵责、批评、指责说:“具寿阐陀怎么能在僧团中被追查所犯罪过时,这样避实就虚地搪塞:‘谁犯了?犯了什么?在什么事情上犯了?怎么犯的?你们在说谁?你们在说什么?’”……(他们告知世尊)世尊说:“阐陀,你确实在僧团中被追查所犯罪过时,这样避实就虚地搪塞:‘谁犯了?犯了什么?在什么事情上犯了?怎么犯的?你们在说谁?你们在说什么?’吗?”“确实是这样,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责说:“你这个愚人!怎么能在僧团中被追查所犯罪过时,这样避实就虚地搪塞:‘谁犯了?犯了什么?在什么事情上犯了?怎么犯的?你们在说谁?你们在说什么?’这个愚人的做法,不能使未生信者生信……呵责完之后……说完法义之后,对诸比丘说:‘那么,诸比丘,僧团应当对阐陀比丘施设异语遮避罪的处断。诸比丘,应当这样施设:应由一位有能力、堪任的比丘这样告知僧团——'显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā channo anācāraṃ ācaritvā saṅghamajjhe āpattiyā anuyuñjīyamāno aññenaññaṃ paṭicarati – ‘‘ko āpanno, kiṃ āpanno, kismiṃ āpanno, kathaṃ āpanno, kaṃ bhaṇatha, kiṃ bhaṇathā’’ti? Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā channo saṅghamajjhe āpattiyā anuyuñjīyamāno aññenaññaṃ paṭicarissati – ko āpanno, kiṃ āpanno, kismiṃ āpanno, kathaṃ āpanno, kaṃ bhaṇatha, kiṃ bhaṇathā’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, channa, saṅghamajjhe āpattiyā anuyuñjīyamāno aññenaññaṃ paṭicarasi – ko āpanno, kiṃ āpanno, kismiṃ āpanno, kathaṃ āpanno, kaṃ bhaṇatha, kiṃ bhaṇathāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, saṅghamajjhe āpattiyā anuyuñjīyamāno aññenaññaṃ paṭicarissasi – ko āpanno, kiṃ āpanno, kismiṃ āpanno, kathaṃ āpanno, kaṃ bhaṇatha, kiṃ bhaṇathāti! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno aññavādakaṃ ropetu. Evañca pana, bhikkhave , ropetabbaṃ. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
95 尊者们,请僧团听我说:这位阐那比丘,在僧团中被问责犯戒之事时,以其他事来搪塞。如果僧团认为时机合适,僧团应当对阐那比丘进行‘顾左右言他罪’的治罚。这是动议。显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ channo bhikkhu saṅghamajjhe āpattiyā anuyuñjīyamāno aññenaññaṃ paṭicarati. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno aññavādakaṃ ropeyya. Esā ñatti.
尊者们,请僧团听我说:这位阐那比丘,在僧团中被问责犯戒之事时,以其他事来搪塞。僧团对阐那比丘进行‘顾左右言他罪’的治罚。哪位尊者认可对阐那比丘进行‘顾左右言他罪’的治罚,请保持沉默;哪位不认可,请说出来。显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ channo bhikkhu saṅghamajjhe āpattiyā anuyuñjīyamāno aññenaññaṃ paṭicarati. Saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno aññavādakaṃ ropeti. Yassāyasmato khamati channassa bhikkhuno aññavādakassa ropanā, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
僧团已对阐那比丘进行了‘顾左右言他罪’的治罚。僧团认可,因此保持沉默。我这样记住了这件事。显示巴利原文
‘‘Ropitaṃ saṅghena channassa bhikkhuno aññavādakaṃ. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
那时,世尊以种种方式呵责了具寿阐那,呵责其难以奉事……乃至……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这部学处——显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ channaṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā dubbharatāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
那时,世尊为诸比丘制定的这部学处,就这样立下了。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
96 然而,就在那个时候,具寿阐那在僧团中被问责犯戒之事时,他心想‘以其他事来搪塞,我还是会犯戒的’,于是就保持沉默,以此来骚扰僧团。那些少欲知足的诸比丘对此感到不满、批评、指责:‘具寿阐那怎么能在僧团中被问责犯戒之事时,用保持沉默的方式来骚扰僧团呢!’……乃至……‘阐那,你真的是在僧团中被问责犯戒之事时,用保持沉默的方式来骚扰僧团了吗?’‘是的,世尊。’佛陀世尊呵责道……‘你这愚昧的人,怎么能在僧团中被问责犯戒之事时,用保持沉默的方式来骚扰僧团!愚昧的人,这既不能让未生信者生信……’呵责之后……宣说法义之后,对诸比丘说:‘那么,诸比丘,僧团应当对阐那比丘进行‘骚扰罪’的治罚。诸比丘,应当这样进行治罚。应由一位能干、胜任的比丘来通知僧团:显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā channo saṅghamajjhe āpattiyā anuyuñjīyamāno ‘‘aññenaññaṃ paṭicaranto – ‘‘āpattiṃ āpajjissāmī’’ti tuṇhībhūto saṅghaṃ viheseti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā channo saṅghamajjhe āpattiyā anuyuñjīyamāno tuṇhībhūto saṅghaṃ vihesessatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, channa, saṅghamajjhe āpattiyā anuyuñjīyamāno tuṇhībhūto saṅghaṃ vihesesīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, saṅghamajjhe āpattiyā anuyuñjīyamāno tuṇhībhūto saṅghaṃ vihesessasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno vihesakaṃ ropetu. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, ropetabbaṃ. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
97 尊者们,请僧团听我说:这位阐那比丘,在僧团中被问责犯戒之事时,以保持沉默的方式来骚扰僧团。如果僧团认为时机合适,僧团应当对阐那比丘进行‘骚扰罪’的治罚。这是动议。显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ channo bhikkhu saṅghamajjhe āpattiyā anuyuñjīyamāno tuṇhībhūto saṅghaṃ viheseti. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno vihesakaṃ ropeyya. Esā ñatti.
“尊者,请僧团听我说。这位阐那比丘在僧团中被就罪过追问时,以沉默不语的方式恼乱僧团。僧团对阐那比丘提出‘恼乱者’的议处。哪位尊者同意对阐那比丘提出‘恼乱者’的议处,请保持沉默;哪位不同意,请说出来。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ channo bhikkhu saṅghamajjhe āpattiyā anuyuñjīyamāno tuṇhībhūto saṅghaṃ viheseti. Saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno vihesakaṃ ropeti. Yassāyasmāto khamati channassa bhikkhuno vihesakassa ropanā, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“僧团已对阐那比丘的‘恼乱者’议处作出了通过。僧团同意,因此保持沉默。我这样记住了这件事。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Ropitaṃ saṅghena channassa bhikkhuno vihesakaṃ. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
那时,世尊以多种方式呵责了具寿阐那,说他难被扶养……然后,诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ channaṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā dubbharatāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
98 任何比丘,若异语或恼乱,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Aññavādake vihesake pācittiya’’nti.
99 所谓‘异语者’,是指在僧团中被就事或罪过追问时,他不想说明那件事,不想澄清那件事,于是东拉西扯、答非所问:‘谁犯了?犯了什么?在什么事上犯了?怎么犯的?你们在说谁?你们在说什么?’这样的人,就叫做异语者。显示巴利原文
nāma saṅghamajjhe vatthusmiṃ vā āpattiyā vā anuyuñjīyamāno taṃ na kathetukāmo taṃ na ugghāṭetukāmo aññenaññaṃ paṭicarati – ‘‘ko āpanno, kiṃ āpanno, kismiṃ āpanno, kathaṃ āpanno, kaṃ bhaṇatha, kiṃ bhaṇathā’’ti. Eso aññavādako nāma.
所谓‘恼乱者’,是指在僧团中被就事或罪过追问时,他不想说明那件事,不想澄清那件事,于是以沉默不语的方式恼乱僧团。这样的人,就叫做恼乱者。显示巴利原文
nāma saṅghamajjhe vatthusmiṃ vā āpattiyā vā anuyuñjīyamāno taṃ na kathetukāmo taṃ na ugghāṭetukāmo tuṇhībhūto saṅghaṃ viheseti. Eso vihesako nāma.
100 当异语者的指控被提出后,他在僧团中被就事或罪过追问,仍不想说明那件事,不想澄清那件事,东拉西扯、答非所问地说:‘谁犯了?犯了什么?在什么事上犯了?怎么犯的?你在说谁?你在说什么?’——犯恶作罪。当恼乱者的指控被提出后,他在僧团中被就事或罪过追问,仍不想说明那件事,不想澄清那件事,以沉默不语的方式恼乱僧团——犯恶作罪。当异语者的议处被通过后,他在僧团中被就事或罪过追问,仍不想说明那件事,不想澄清那件事,东拉西扯、答非所问地说:‘谁犯了?犯了什么?在什么事上犯了?怎么犯的?你在说谁?你在说什么?’——犯波逸提罪。当恼乱者的议处被通过后,他在僧团中被就事或罪过追问,仍不想说明那件事,不想澄清那件事,以沉默不语的方式恼乱僧团——犯波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Āropite aññavādake saṅghamajjhe vatthusmiṃ vā āpattiyā vā anuyuñjīyamāno taṃ na kathetukāmo taṃ na ugghāṭetukāmo aññenaññaṃ paṭicarati – ‘‘ko āpanno, kiṃ āpanno, kismiṃ āpanno, kathaṃ āpanno, kaṃ bhaṇatha, kiṃ bhaṇathā’’ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Āropite vihesake saṅghamajjhe vatthusmiṃ vā āpattiyā vā anuyuñjīyamāno taṃ na kathetukāmo taṃ na ugghāṭetukāmo tuṇhībhūto saṅghaṃ viheseti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ropite aññavādake saṅghamajjhe vatthusmiṃ vā āpattiyā vā anuyuñjīyamāno taṃ na kathetukāmo taṃ na ugghāṭetukāmo aññenaññaṃ paṭicarati – ‘‘ko āpanno, kiṃ āpanno, kismiṃ āpanno, kathaṃ āpanno, kaṃ bhaṇatha, kiṃ bhaṇathā’’ti, āpatti pācittiyassa . Ropite vihesake saṅghamajjhe vatthusmiṃ vā āpattiyā vā anuyuñjīyamāno taṃ na kathetukāmo taṃ na ugghāṭetukāmo tuṇhībhūto saṅghaṃ viheseti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
101 在如法行事中,认为这是如法行事,犯异语、恼乱者——犯波逸提罪。在如法行事中,感到疑惑,犯异语、恼乱者——犯波逸提罪。在如法行事中,认为这不是如法行事,犯异语、恼乱者——犯波逸提罪。在非如法行事中,认为这是如法行事——犯恶作罪。在非如法行事中,感到疑惑——犯恶作罪。在非如法行事中,认为这不是如法行事——犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññī aññavādake vihesake, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme vematiko aññavādake vihesake, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme adhammakammasaññī aññavādake vihesake, āpatti pācittiyassa. Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
102 不犯的情况:不知道而问,或者生病了而不说;心里想着'僧团将会发生争论、争吵、口角、议论'而不说;心里想着'将会发生僧团分裂或者僧团不和'而不说;心里想着'他们将非法地、或者由别众、或者对不应受处分的人进行处分'而不说;精神失常者,最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ajānanto pucchati, gilāno vā na katheti; ‘‘saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṃ vā kalaho vā viggaho vā vivādo vā bhavissatī’’ti na katheti; ‘‘saṅghabhedo vā saṅgharāji vā bhavissatī’’ti na katheti; ‘‘adhammena vā vaggena vā nakammārahassa vā kammaṃ karissatī’’ti na katheti; ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
3. 嫌骂学处显示巴利原文
3. Ujjhāpanakasikkhāpadaṃ
103 那时,佛陀世尊住在王舍城的竹林松鼠饲养园。那时,具寿达波·马拉普塔为僧团分配住处并安排食物。当时,梅提雅布玛迦咖诸比丘既年轻福报也少。凡是僧团中较差的住处,他们都得到;较差的饮食,他们也得到。他们就唆使诸比丘去抱怨具寿达波·马拉普塔:'达波·马拉普塔是凭自己的好恶来分配住处,凭自己的好恶来安排食物的。'那些少欲的诸比丘……他们不满、批评、指责道:'梅提雅布玛迦咖诸比丘怎么能唆使诸比丘去抱怨具寿达波·马拉普塔呢?'……'诸比丘,你们确实唆使诸比丘去抱怨达波·马拉普塔了吗?''确实如此,世尊。'佛陀世尊呵责……'你们这些愚痴人,怎么能唆使诸比丘去抱怨达波·马拉普塔呢!愚痴人,这既不能让没有信心的人生起信心……那么,诸比丘,你们应当这样诵持这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā dabbo mallaputto saṅghassa senāsanañca paññapeti bhattāni ca uddisati. Tena kho pana samayena mettiyabhūmajakā bhikkhū navakā ceva honti appapuññā ca . Yāni saṅghassa lāmakāni senāsanāni tāni tesaṃ pāpuṇanti lāmakāni ca bhattāni. Te āyasmantaṃ dabbaṃ mallaputtaṃ bhikkhū ujjhāpenti – ‘‘chandāya dabbo mallaputto senāsanaṃ paññapeti, chandāya ca bhattāni uddisatī’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma mettiyabhūmajakā bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ dabbaṃ mallaputtaṃ bhikkhū ujjhāpessantī’’ti…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, dabbaṃ mallaputtaṃ bhikkhū ujjhāpethā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, dabbaṃ mallaputtaṃ bhikkhū ujjhāpessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
那时,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
104 在那之后,梅提雅布玛迦诸比丘心想:“世尊已经禁止了唆使抱怨的行为;这样的话,诸比丘将会听到。”于是他们就在诸比丘近旁抱怨具寿达波·马拉普塔:“达波·马拉普塔凭偏爱分配住处,也凭偏爱指定饭食。”那些少欲的诸比丘……他们不满、批评、指责道:“梅提雅布玛迦诸比丘怎么能在诸比丘近旁抱怨具寿达波·马拉普塔呢?”……“诸比丘,你们确实在诸比丘近旁抱怨达波·马拉普塔了吗?”“确实如此,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责……“你们这些愚痴人,怎么能在诸比丘近旁抱怨达波·马拉普塔呢!愚痴人,这既不能让没有信心的人生起信心……”呵责之后……宣说法义之后,对诸比丘说:“那么,诸比丘,你们应当这样诵持这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena mettiyabhūmajakā bhikkhū – ‘‘bhagavatā ujjhāpanakaṃ paṭikkhitta’’nti, ‘‘ettāvatā bhikkhū sossantī’’ti bhikkhūnaṃ sāmantā āyasmantaṃ dabbaṃ mallaputtaṃ khiyyanti – ‘‘chandāya dabbo mallaputto senāsanaṃ paññapeti, chandāya ca bhattāni uddisatī’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma mettiyabhūmajakā bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ dabbaṃ mallaputtaṃ khiyyissantī’’ti…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, dabbaṃ mallaputtaṃ khiyyathā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, dabbaṃ mallaputtaṃ khiyyissatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
105 嫌骂、讥毁(僧团所任执事比丘)者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Ujjhāpanake khiyyanake pācittiya’’nti.
106 若对比丘——已被僧团选派为分配住处者、或安排食物者、或分配粥者、或分配水果者、或分配硬食者、或分配各种小物品者——怀着想要败坏其名声、想要使其失去威信、想要使其难堪的意图,去唆使他人抱怨,或者亲自抱怨,犯波逸提。对于合法的僧团事务,并认知为合法事务,若唆使抱怨、或亲自抱怨,犯波逸提。对于合法的僧团事务,有疑惑,若唆使抱怨、或亲自抱怨,犯波逸提。对于合法的僧团事务,认知为不合法事务,若唆使抱怨、或亲自抱怨,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nāma upasampannaṃ saṅghena sammataṃ senāsanapaññāpakaṃ vā bhattuddesakaṃ vā yāgubhājakaṃ vā phalabhājakaṃ vā khajjabhājakaṃ vā appamattakavissajjakaṃ vā avaṇṇaṃ kattukāmo, ayasaṃ kattukāmo, maṅkukattukāmo, upasampannaṃ ujjhāpeti vā khiyyati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññī ujjhāpanake khiyyanake āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme vematiko ujjhāpanake khiyyanake āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme adhammakammasaññī ujjhāpanake khiyyanake āpatti pācittiyassa.
唆使未受具足戒者抱怨,或向未受具足戒者抱怨,犯恶作罪。对已受具足戒者——未被僧团选派为分配住处者、或分配食物者、或分配粥者、或分配水果者、或分配硬食者、或分配小物者——怀着想要毁其名誉、想要使其无声望、想要使其难堪的意图,无论唆使已受具足戒者或未受具足戒者抱怨,或向他们抱怨,犯恶作罪。对未受具足戒者——无论被僧团选派或未被选派为分配住处者等——怀着想要毁其名誉、想要使其无声望、想要使其难堪的意图,无论唆使已受具足戒者或未受具足戒者抱怨,或向他们抱怨,犯恶作罪。对于不合法的僧团事务,作合法想,犯恶作罪;对于不合法的僧团事务有疑,犯恶作罪;对于不合法的僧团事务,作不合法想,犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Anupasampannaṃ ujjhāpeti vā khiyyati vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Upasampannaṃ saṅghena asammataṃ senāsanapaññāpakaṃ vā bhattuddesakaṃ vā yāgubhājakaṃ vā phalabhājakaṃ vā khajjabhājakaṃ vā appamattakavissajjakaṃ vā avaṇṇaṃ kattukāmo, ayasaṃ kattukāmo, maṅkukattukāmo, upasampannaṃ vā anupasampannaṃ vā ujjhāpeti vā khiyyati vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampannaṃ saṅghena sammataṃ vā asammataṃ vā senāsanapaññāpakaṃ vā bhattuddesakaṃ vā yāgubhājakaṃ vā phalabhājakaṃ vā khajjabhājakaṃ vā appamattakavissajjakaṃ vā avaṇṇaṃ kattukāmo, ayasaṃ kattukāmo, maṅkukattukāmo, upasampannaṃ vā anupasampannaṃ vā ujjhāpeti vā khiyyati vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññī āpatti dukkaṭassa.
107 不犯:由于本性——因贪欲、嗔恨、愚痴、恐惧而行的人,呵责或被嫌责时;精神失常者;最初的犯行者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti pakatiyā chandā dosā mohā bhayā karontaṃ ujjhāpeti vā khiyyati vā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
4. 第一床座学处显示巴利原文
4. Paṭhamasenāsanasikkhāpadaṃ
108 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。在那时,诸比丘在冬季时,在露地上铺设坐卧处,晒暖身体,当时间报知后,他们离开时既不自撤也不令撤,不告知就离开了。坐卧处被淋湿了。那些少欲的诸比丘……呵责、嫌责、批评:‘诸比丘怎么能在露地上铺设坐卧处后,离开时既不自撤也不令撤,不告知就离开,让坐卧处被淋湿呢!’于是那些比丘以多种方式呵责了他们之后,将此事报告给世尊……(世尊问)‘诸比丘,据说比丘在露地上……是真的吗?’(诸比丘答:)‘是真的,世尊。’佛陀世尊呵责……说法后,对诸比丘说:‘那么,诸比丘,应该这样诵出这条学处——’显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū hemantike kāle ajjhokāse senāsanaṃ paññapetvā kāyaṃ otāpentā kāle ārocite taṃ pakkamantā neva uddhariṃsu na uddharāpesuṃ, anāpucchā pakkamiṃsu. Senāsanaṃ ovaṭṭhaṃ hoti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathaṃ hi nāma bhikkhū ajjhokāse senāsanaṃ paññapetvā taṃ pakkamantā neva uddharissanti na uddharāpessanti, anāpucchā pakkamissanti, senāsanaṃ ovaṭṭha’’nti! Atha kho te bhikkhū te anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū ajjhokāse…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
109 若比丘把僧团的床、椅、褥垫敷设在露天处(或令人敷设),离去时既不自己收起、也不令人收起,未告知就离开,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu saṅghikaṃ mañcaṃ vā pīṭhaṃ vā bhisiṃ vā kocchaṃ vā ajjhokāse santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṃ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya, anāpucchaṃ vā gaccheyya, pācittiya’’nti.
这样,这条学处就被世尊为诸比丘制定了。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
110 在那时,诸比丘露天住宿后,一大早就把坐卧具搬走。世尊看见那些比丘们一大早搬走坐卧具。看见后,借此因缘,借此事由,作了佛法开示,然后对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我允许在八个月非雨季的约定处,在棚舍中、或树下、或乌鸦和鹰不排粪之处,存放坐卧具。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū ajjhokāse vasitvā kālasseva senāsanaṃ abhiharanti. Addasā kho bhagavā te bhikkhū kālasseva senāsanaṃ abhiharante. Disvāna etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, aṭṭha māse avassikasaṅkete maṇḍape vā rukkhamūle vā yattha kākā vā kulalā vā na ūhadanti tattha senāsanaṃ nikkhipitu’’nti.
111 这里所说的比丘:是像这样的……比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
(‘施僧’)是指已经布施、舍予僧团的。显示巴利原文
nāma saṅghassa dinnaṃ hoti pariccattaṃ.
(‘床’)有四种床:马萨罗伽床、邦地卡巴陀床、库利罗巴陀床、阿哈恰巴陀床。显示巴利原文
nāma cattāro mañcā – masārako, bundikābaddho, kuḷīrapādako, āhaccapādako.
有四种座凳:马萨拉咖式、捆绑式、弯脚式、可拆卸脚式。显示巴利原文
nāma cattāri pīṭhāni – masārakaṃ, bundikābaddhaṃ, kuḷīrapādakaṃ, āhaccapādakaṃ.
有五种垫子:羊毛垫、布垫、树皮纤维垫、草垫、树叶垫。显示巴利原文
nāma pañca bhisiyo – uṇṇabhisi, coḷabhiti, vākabhisi, tiṇabhisi, paṇṇabhisi.
这是指以树皮纤维、或香根草、或文阇草、或芦苇为材料,将内部缠裹后扎成的东西。显示巴利原文
nāma – vākamayaṃ vā usīramayaṃ vā muñjamayaṃ vā pabbajamayaṃ vā anto saṃveṭhetvā baddhaṃ hoti.
指自己铺设。显示巴利原文
ti sayaṃ santharitvā.
指让其他人铺设。让未受具足戒者铺设,障碍在他;让已受具足戒者铺设,障碍在铺设者。显示巴利原文
ti aññaṃ santharāpetvā. Anupasampannaṃ santharāpeti, tassa palibodho. Upasampannaṃ santharāpeti, santhārakassa palibodho.
指自己不该撤除。显示巴利原文
ti na sayaṃ uddhareyya.
指不该让其他人撤除。显示巴利原文
ti na aññaṃ uddharāpeyya.
指未告知比丘、或沙马内拉、或园民,就对中等身材男子投石所及的距离[跨越]者,犯波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
ti bhikkhuṃ vā sāmaṇeraṃ vā ārāmikaṃ vā anāpucchā majjhimassa purisassa leḍḍupātaṃ atikkamantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
112 对僧团的物品,有'这是僧团物品'的想法,在露天铺设或叫人铺设之后,离开时不自己收起来,不叫人收起来,也不交代一声就走,犯波逸提。对僧团的物品有疑惑……犯波逸提。对僧团的物品,有'这是个人物品'的想法,在露天铺设或叫人铺设之后,离开时不自己收起来,不叫人收起来,也不交代一声就走,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Saṅghike saṅghikasaññī ajjhokāse santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṃ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya anāpucchaṃ vā gaccheyya, āpatti pācittiyassa. Saṅghike vematiko…pe… saṅghike puggalikasaññī ajjhokāse santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṃ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya, anāpucchaṃ vā gaccheyya, āpatti pācittiyassa.
坐垫、覆单、地铺、草席、皮片、擦脚布、木板凳,在露天铺设或叫人铺设之后,离开时不自己收起来,不叫人收起来,也不交代一声就走,犯恶作。对个人物品,有'这是僧团物品'的想法,犯恶作。对个人物品有疑惑,犯恶作。对个人物品,有'这是个人物品'的想法,却是别人的个人物品,犯恶作。自己的个人物品,没有犯。显示巴利原文
Cimilikaṃ vā uttarattharaṇaṃ vā bhūmattharaṇaṃ vā taṭṭikaṃ vā cammakhaṇḍaṃ vā pādapuñchaniṃ vā phalakapīṭhaṃ vā ajjhokāse santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṃ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya, anāpucchaṃ vā gaccheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Puggalike saṅghikasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Puggalike vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Puggalike puggalikasaññī aññassa puggalike, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Attano puggalike anāpatti.
113 没有犯的情况是:收起来之后走,叫人收起来之后走,打了招呼走,为了晾晒而走,被什么障碍住了,遇到灾难时,精神失常者,最初犯的人。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti uddharitvā gacchati, uddharāpetvā gacchati, āpucchaṃ gacchati, otāpento gacchati, kenaci palibuddhaṃ hoti, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
5. 第二床座学处显示巴利原文
5. Dutiyasenāsanasikkhāpadaṃ
114 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那个时候,有十七个比丘是伙伴。他们住也住在一起,走也一起走。他们在一个僧团的寺院里铺设了卧具,离开时没有自己收,没有叫人收,没打招呼就走了。卧具被白蚁咬了。那些少欲的诸比丘……他们呵责、批评、指责说:'十七个比丘怎么能在僧团的寺院里铺设卧具,离开时不自己收、不叫人收,不打招呼就走,使得卧具被白蚁咬了呢!'于是,那些比丘用各种方式斥责了十七个比丘之后,就把这件事禀告了世尊。……'诸比丘,听说十七个比丘在僧团的寺院里铺设卧具,离开时不自己收、不叫人收,不打招呼就走,致使卧具被白蚁咬了,这是真的吗?''是真的,世尊。'佛陀世尊呵责了……'诸比丘,这些愚人怎么能在僧团的寺院里铺设卧具,离开时不自己收、不叫人收,不打招呼就走,使得卧具被白蚁咬了呢!诸比丘,这不能让没有信心的人生起信心……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——'显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū sahāyakā honti. Te vasantāpi ekatova vasanti, pakkamantāpi ekatova pakkamanti. Te aññatarasmiṃ saṅghike vihāre seyyaṃ santharitvā taṃ pakkamantā neva uddhariṃsu na uddharāpesuṃ, anāpucchā pakkamiṃsu. Senāsanaṃ upacikāhi khāyitaṃ hoti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū saṅghike vihāre seyyaṃ santharitvā taṃ pakkamantā neva uddharissanti na uddharāpessanti, anāpucchā pakkamissanti, senāsanaṃ upacikāhi khāyita’’nti! Atha kho te bhikkhū sattarasavaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū saṅghike vihāre seyyaṃ santharitvā taṃ pakkamantā neva uddhariṃsu na uddharāpesuṃ, anāpucchā pakkamiṃsu, senāsanaṃ upacikāhi khāyita’’nti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā saṅghike vihāre seyyaṃ santharitvā taṃ pakkamantā neva uddharissanti na uddharāpessanti, anāpucchā pakkamissanti, senāsanaṃ upacikāhi khāyitaṃ! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana , bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
115 若比丘在僧团的住处铺设卧具(或令人铺设),离去时既不收起、也不令人收起,未告知就离开,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu saṅghike vihāre seyyaṃ santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṃ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya, anāpucchaṃ vā gaccheyya, pācittiya’’nti.
116 ……'诸如此类'……是'……'的意思。'比丘'的意思,是指在这个法、律中的乞食者。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
‘寺院’的意思是:布施给僧团的、已经供养出去的寺院。显示巴利原文
nāma vihāro saṅghassa dinno hoti pariccatto.
'卧具'的意思是:床垫、坐垫、覆单、地铺、草席、皮片、坐布、敷垫、草铺、叶铺。显示巴利原文
nāma bhisi, cimilikā uttarattharaṇaṃ, bhūmattharaṇaṃ, taṭṭikā, cammakhaṇḍo, nisīdanaṃ, paccattharaṇaṃ, tiṇasanthāro, paṇṇasanthāro.
“自己铺好”。显示巴利原文
ti sayaṃ santharitvā.
“令他人铺好”。显示巴利原文
ti aññaṃ santharāpetvā.
“自己不收起”。显示巴利原文
ti na sayaṃ uddhareyya.
“不令他人收起”。显示巴利原文
ti na aññaṃ uddharāpeyya.
所谓“比丘、沙马内拉或寺役”:不告知而越过有围墙寺院的围墙者,犯波逸提;不告知而越过无围墙寺院的近处者,犯波逸提。对于僧团物作僧团物想,铺好坐卧具后——无论自己铺或令他人铺——离去时,既不自己收起也不令他人收起,或不告知便离去,犯波逸提。对于僧团物有疑,铺好坐卧具后——无论自己铺或令他人铺——离去时,既不自己收起也不令他人收起,或不告知便离去,犯波逸提。对于僧团物作个人物想,铺好坐卧具后——无论自己铺或令他人铺——离去时,既不自己收起也不令他人收起,或不告知便离去,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti bhikkhuṃ vā sāmaṇeraṃ vā ārāmikaṃ vā anāpucchā parikkhittassa ārāmassa parikkhepaṃ atikkamantassa āpatti pācittiyassa. Aparikkhittassa ārāmassa upacāraṃ atikkamantassa āpatti pācittiyassa. Saṅghike saṅghikasaññī seyyaṃ santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṃ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya, anāpucchaṃ vā gaccheyya, āpatti pācittiyassa. Saṅghike vematiko seyyaṃ santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṃ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya, anāpucchaṃ vā gaccheyya, āpatti pācittiyassa. Saṅghike puggalikasaññī seyyaṃ santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṃ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya, anāpucchaṃ vā gaccheyya, āpatti pācittiyassa.
117 在寺院的近处、集会堂、棚舍或树下,铺好坐卧具后——无论自己铺或令他人铺——离去时,既不自己收起也不令他人收起,或不告知便离去,犯恶作。在寺院内或寺院的近处、集会堂、棚舍或树下,将床或椅子铺开后——无论自己铺或令他人铺——离去时,既不自己收起也不令他人收起,或不告知便离去,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Vihārassa upacāre vā upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ vā maṇḍape vā rukkhamūle vā seyyaṃ santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṃ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya, anāpucchaṃ vā gaccheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Mañcaṃ vā pīṭhaṃ vā vihāre vā vihārassūpacāre vā upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ vā maṇḍape vā rukkhamūle vā santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṃ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya, anāpucchaṃ vā gaccheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对于个人物作僧团物想,犯恶作。对于个人物有疑,犯恶作。对于个人物作个人物想,若是他人之物,犯恶作。自己之物则不犯。显示巴利原文
Puggalike saṅghikasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Puggalike vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Puggalike puggalikasaññī aññassa puggalike āpatti dukkaṭassa. Attano puggalike anāpatti.
118 不犯的情况:收起后离去、令人收起后离去、告知后离去、因有障碍、离去时仍挂念并于该处停留时告知、因有障碍、在灾祸时、痴狂者、最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti uddharitvā gacchati, uddharāpetvā gacchati, āpucchaṃ gacchati, kenaci palibuddhaṃ hoti, sāpekkho gantvā tattha ṭhito āpucchati, kenaci palibuddho hoti, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
6. 强敷卧具学处显示巴利原文
6. Anupakhajjasikkhāpadaṃ
119 那时,佛陀世尊正住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,六群比丘霸占好的卧处,长老诸比丘把他们叫起来。于是六群比丘就这样想:“我们用什么办法才能在这里过雨季呢?”接着,六群比丘侵入长老诸比丘中间铺设卧处,心想:“谁觉得拥挤,就会离开。”那些少欲的比丘……他们讥嫌、批评、指责道:“六群比丘怎么竟能侵入长老诸比丘中间铺设卧处呢!”然后,那些比丘以种种方式呵责了六群比丘,将此事禀告世尊……“喂,诸比丘,你们当真侵入长老诸比丘中间铺设卧处吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责……“你们这些愚人,怎么能侵入长老诸比丘中间铺设卧处呢!这不会令未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应这样诵此学处——”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū varaseyyāyo palibundhenti, therā bhikkhū vuṭṭhāpenti . Atha kho chabbaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kena nu kho mayaṃ upāyena idheva vassaṃ vaseyyāmā’’ti? Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū there bhikkhū anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappenti – yassa sambādho bhavissati so pakkamissatīti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū there bhikkhū anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappessantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ …pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, there bhikkhū anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappethā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, there bhikkhū anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
120 若比丘明知有比丘先住在僧团住处,仍强挤入其旁铺设卧具,心想「谁觉得挤,谁就会离开」,只为此目的而无其他,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu saṅghike vihāre jānaṃ pubbupagataṃ bhikkhuṃ anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappeyya – yassa sambādho bhavissati so pakkamissatī’ti, etadeva paccayaṃ karitvā anaññaṃ, pācittiya’’nti.
121 ……像这样……在这个意义中,‘比丘’即指这个。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ 2.0251 atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓寺院,是已经施予僧团、已经奉献的。显示巴利原文
nāma vihāro saṅghassa dinno hoti pariccatto.
意思是:他知道是长老,他知道是病人,他知道是由僧团给的。显示巴利原文
nāma vuḍḍhoti jānāti, gilānoti jānāti, saṅghena dinnoti jānāti.
即进入后。显示巴利原文
ti anupavisitvā.
即在床或椅的附近,为进入或出来的人自行铺设卧具或让人铺设,犯恶作。若靠近坐或卧,则犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti mañcassa vā pīṭhassa vā pavisantassa vā nikkhamantassa vā upacāre seyyaṃ santharati vā santharāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Abhinisīdati vā abhinipajjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
即没有其他任何理由,而侵入铺设卧处。”显示巴利原文
nti na añño koci paccayo hoti anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappetuṃ.
122 对僧物有僧物想,挤占铺床,犯波逸提。对僧物有疑虑,挤占铺床,犯波逸提。对僧物作私物想,挤占铺床,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Saṅghike saṅghikasaññī anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Saṅghike vematiko anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Saṅghike puggalikasaññī anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
除了床或凳子的进出通道之外,自己铺床或令人铺床,犯恶作。自己坐上去或躺上去,犯恶作。在精舍的周围、集会堂、凉亭、树下或露天处,自己铺床或令人铺床,犯恶作。自己坐上去或躺上去,犯恶作。对私物有僧物想,犯恶作。对私物有疑虑,犯恶作。对私物作私物想,属于他人的私物,犯恶作。属于自己的私物,无犯。显示巴利原文
Mañcassa vā pīṭhassa vā pavisantassa vā nikkhamantassa vā upacāraṃ ṭhapetvā seyyaṃ santharati vā santharāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Abhinisīdati vā abhinipajjati vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Vihārassa upacāre vā upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ vā maṇḍape vā rukkhamūle vā ajjhokāse vā seyyaṃ santharati vā santharāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Abhinisīdati vā abhinippajjati vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Puggalike saṅghikasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Puggalike vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Puggalike puggalikasaññī aññassa puggalike āpatti dukkaṭassa . Attano puggalike anāpatti.
123 无犯:因病进入者,被寒冷或酷热逼迫者进入,遭遇危难时,对于精神失常者,对最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti gilāno pavisati, sītena vā uṇhena vā pīḷito pavisati, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
7. 牵出学处显示巴利原文
7. Nikkaḍḍhanasikkhāpadaṃ
124 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,十七群比丘在修复边地的一座大精舍,心想:“我们要在这里入雨安居。”六群比丘看见十七群比丘在修复精舍。看见后,他们说:“贤友们,这些十七群比丘在修复精舍。来!我们把他们赶出去!”有几个人说:“贤友们,等等,等他们修完;修好之后我们再把他们赶走。”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū aññataraṃ paccantimaṃ mahāvihāraṃ paṭisaṅkharonti – ‘‘idha mayaṃ vassaṃ vasissāmā’’ti . Addasaṃsu kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sattarasavaggiye bhikkhū vihāraṃ paṭisaṅkharonte. Disvāna evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘ime, āvuso, sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū vihāraṃ paṭisaṅkharonti. Handa ne vuṭṭhāpessāmā’’ti! Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘āgamethāvuso, yāva paṭisaṅkharonti; paṭisaṅkhate vuṭṭhāpessāmā’’ti.
然后,六群比丘对十七群比丘说:"贤友们,起来!这精舍是我们的。""贤友们,你们不是应该事先告知吗?我们也好去修别的。""贤友们,这精舍不是僧物吗?""是的,贤友,是僧物。""贤友们,起来!这精舍是我们的。""贤友,这精舍很大。你们可以住,我们也可以住。""贤友们,起来!这精舍是我们的!"他们生气、不高兴,抓住脖子就把他们赶出去。那些被赶出去的比丘哭了起来。诸比丘问:"贤友们,你们为什么哭?""贤友们,这些六群比丘生气、不高兴,把我们赶出了僧精舍。"那些少欲的诸比丘……呵责、批评、非难说:"六群比丘怎么可以生气、不高兴,把诸比丘赶出僧精舍呢!"于是,那些比丘用种种方式呵责了六群比丘之后,把这事禀告了世尊……"诸比丘,你们真的生气、不高兴,把诸比丘赶出僧精舍了吗?""是的,世尊。"佛陀世尊呵责……"愚人!你们怎么可以生气、不高兴,把比丘赶出僧精舍呢?愚人,这不会让未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵这个学处——显示巴利原文
Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sattarasavaggiye bhikkhū etadavocuṃ – ‘‘uṭṭhethāvuso, amhākaṃ vihāro pāpuṇātī’’ti. ‘‘Nanu, āvuso, paṭikacceva ācikkhitabbaṃ, mayañcaññaṃ paṭisaṅkhareyyāmā’’ti. ‘‘Nanu, āvuso, saṅghiko vihāro’’ti? ‘‘Āmāvuso, saṅghiko vihāro’’ti. ‘‘Uṭṭhethāvuso, amhākaṃ vihāro pāpuṇātī’’ti. ‘‘Mahallako, āvuso, vihāro. Tumhepi vasatha, mayampi vasissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Uṭṭhethāvuso, amhākaṃ vihāro pāpuṇātī’’ti kupitā anattamanā gīvāyaṃ gahetvā nikkaḍḍhanti. Te nikkaḍḍhīyamānā rodanti. Bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘kissa tumhe, āvuso, rodathā’’ti? ‘‘Ime, āvuso, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū kupitā anattamanā amhe saṅghikā vihārā nikkaḍḍhantī’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū kupitā anattamanā bhikkhū saṅghikā vihārā nikkaḍḍhissantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, kupitā anattamanā bhikkhū saṅghikā vihārā nikkaḍḍhathā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, kupitā anattamanā bhikkhū saṅghikā vihārā nikkaḍḍhissatha? Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
125 若比丘对(另一)比丘起嗔、心不悦,把他从僧团住处赶出(或令人赶出),犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhuṃ kupito anattamano saṅghikā vihārā nikkaḍḍheyya vā nikkaḍḍhāpeyya vā, pācittiya’’nti.
126 "若比丘"——无论何种……在这里,所指的就是这个意义上的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
"另一位比丘"——指另一位比丘。显示巴利原文
nti aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ.
不悦、心受打击、变得顽固。显示巴利原文
ti anabhiraddho āhatacitto khilajāto.
名为……的寺院被赠与了僧团,完全施舍出去了。显示巴利原文
nāma vihāro saṅghassa dinno hoti pariccatto.
抓住内室后强行拖到门口,犯波逸提。在门口抓住后强行拖到外面,犯波逸提。以一次动作使其穿过多个门,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti gabbhe gahetvā pamukhaṃ nikkaḍḍhati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Pamukhe gahetvā bahi nikkaḍḍhati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ekena payogena bahukepi dvāre atikkāmeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
命令他人去做,犯波逸提。一次被命令后使其穿过多个门,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti aññaṃ āṇāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa . Sakiṃ āṇatto bahukepi dvāre atikkāmeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
127 对僧团所属物,有'这是僧团所属'的想法,愤怒、不高兴,自己强行拖出或叫人拖出,犯波逸提。对僧团所属物,有疑惑,愤怒、不高兴,自己强行拖出或叫人拖出,犯波逸提。对僧团所属物,有'这是个人所属'的想法,愤怒、不高兴,自己强行拖出或叫人拖出,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Saṅghike saṅghikasaññī kupito anattamano nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Saṅghike vematiko kupito anattamano nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Saṅghike puggalikasaññī kupito anattamano nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
将他的资具强行拖出或叫人拖出,犯恶作。从寺院范围内、或侍奉堂、或凉亭、或树下、或露天地,强行拖出或叫人拖出,犯恶作。将他的资具强行拖出或叫人拖出,犯恶作。将未受具足戒者从寺院、或寺院范围内、或侍奉堂、或凉亭、或树下、或露天地,强行拖出或叫人拖出,犯恶作。将他的资具强行拖出或叫人拖出,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Tassa parikkhāraṃ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Vihārassa upacārā vā upaṭṭhānasālāya vā maṇḍapā vā rukkhamūlā vā ajjhokāsā vā nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Tassa parikkhāraṃ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampannaṃ vihārā vā vihārassa upacārā vā upaṭṭhānasālāya vā maṇḍapā vā rukkhamūlā vā ajjhokāsā vā nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Tassa parikkhāraṃ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对个人所属物,有'这是僧团所属'的想法,犯恶作。对个人所属物,有疑惑,犯恶作。对个人所属物,有'这是个人所属'的想法,但属于别的个人,犯恶作。属于自己个人的,无罪。显示巴利原文
Puggalike saṅghikasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Puggalike vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Puggalike puggalikasaññī aññassa puggalike āpatti dukkaṭassa. Attano puggalike anāpatti.
128 无罪的情形:为了驱出或叫人驱出无惭者,以及驱出或叫人驱出其资具;为了驱出或叫人驱出疯子,以及驱出或叫人驱出其资具;为了驱出或叫人驱出制造纷争者、制造争吵者、制造争论者、制造闲话者、在僧团中制造诤事者,以及驱出或叫人驱出其资具;为了驱出或叫人驱出不依正确方式行事的弟子或同住者,以及驱出或叫人驱出其资具;对疯子、最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti alajjiṃ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, tassa parikkhāraṃ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, ummattakaṃ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, tassa parikkhāraṃ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, bhaṇḍanakārakaṃ kalahakārakaṃ vivādakārakaṃ bhassakārakaṃ saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakaṃ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, tassa parikkhāraṃ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, antevāsikaṃ vā saddhivihārikaṃ vā na sammā vattantaṃ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, tassa parikkhāraṃ nikkaḍḍhati vā nikkaḍḍhāpeti vā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
8. 重阁小屋学处显示巴利原文
8. Vehāsakuṭisikkhāpadaṃ
129 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,有两位比丘住在僧团的寺院里,待在楼上的空中小屋里。一位住在楼下,一位住在楼上。楼上的比丘一屁股坐在了一张床脚可拆卸的床上。床脚脱落,砸到了楼下那位比丘的头顶。那位比丘发出了一声惨叫。诸比丘跑过去,对那位比丘说:“贤友,你为什么惨叫?”于是那位比丘把这件事告诉了诸比丘。那些少欲的诸比丘……谴责、批评、非难道:“身为比丘,怎么能在僧团的寺院楼上,一屁股坐在床脚可拆卸的床上呢!”然后,那些比丘以种种方式呵责了那位比丘后,把这件事禀告了世尊……“比丘,听说你真的在僧团的寺院楼上,一屁股坐在了床脚可拆卸的床上?” “是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责他……“愚人,你怎么能在僧团的寺院楼上,一屁股坐在床脚可拆卸的床上!愚人,这既不能让没有信心的人产生信心……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena dve bhikkhū saṅghike vihāre uparivehāsakuṭiyā viharanti?. Eko heṭṭhā viharati , eko upari. Uparimo bhikkhu āhaccapādakaṃ mañcaṃ sahasā abhinisīdi. Mañcapādo nippatitvā heṭṭhimassa bhikkhuno matthake avatthāsi. So bhikkhu vissaramakāsi. Bhikkhū upadhāvitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kissa tvaṃ, āvuso, vissaramakāsī’’ti? Atha kho so bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhu saṅghike vihāre uparivehāsakuṭiyā āhaccapādakaṃ mañcaṃ sahasā abhinisīdissatī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū taṃ bhikkhuṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhikkhu, saṅghike vihāre uparivehāsakuṭiyā āhaccapādakaṃ mañcaṃ sahasā abhinisīdasī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, saṅghike vihāre uparivehāsakuṭiyā āhaccapādakaṃ mañcaṃ sahasā abhinisīdissasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
130 若比丘在僧团住处的楼阁层上,坐卧于脚可拆卸(活动腿)的床或椅,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu saṅghike vihāre uparivehāsakuṭiyā āhaccapādakaṃ mañcaṃ vā pīṭhaṃvā abhinisīdeyya vā abhinipajjeyya vā, pācittiya’’nti.
131 这里所说的‘比丘’,是指如此这般……的比丘,这是此处的义理。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
‘僧团住处’是指已供养、施舍给僧团的寺院。显示巴利原文
nāma vihāro saṅghassa dinno hoti pariccatto.
所谓上层住处,是指中等身材的男子在其中不会碰到头(的高度)。显示巴利原文
nāma majjhimassa purisassa asīsaghaṭṭā.
‘可拆卸的’是指插入部件后立着的。‘已插入部件立起的’是指已插入部件后立起的。显示巴利原文
nāma aṅge vijjhitvā ṭhito hoti. nāma aṅge vijjhitvā ṭhitaṃ hoti.
如果在上面坐下,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti tasmiṃ abhinisīdati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
如果在上面躺下,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti tasmiṃ abhinipajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
132 对于僧团的物品,他认定是僧团的,在上层阁楼中坐或躺在可拆脚的床或椅上,犯波逸提。对于僧团的物品,他心存疑惑……对于僧团的物品,他认定是个人的,在上层阁楼中坐或躺在可拆脚的床或椅上,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Saṅghike saṅghikasaññī uparivehāsakuṭiyā āhaccapādakaṃ mañcaṃ vā pīṭhaṃ vā abhinisīdati vā abhinipajjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Saṅghike vematiko…pe… saṅghike puggalikasaññī uparivehāsakuṭiyā āhaccapādakaṃ mañcaṃ vā pīṭhaṃ vā abhinisīdati vā abhinipajjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
对于个人的物品,他认定是僧团的,犯恶作。对于个人的物品,他心存疑惑,犯恶作。对于个人的物品,他认定是个人的,但属于别人所有,犯恶作。属于自己个人的,不犯。显示巴利原文
Puggalike saṅghikasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Puggalike vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Puggalike puggalikasaññī aññassa puggalike, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Attano puggalike, anāpatti.
133 不犯的情况:在非上层阁楼,且会碰头、下方不能使用;已经铺设木板;已安置支撑;站在其上取物或悬挂物;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – avehāsakuṭiyā sīsaghaṭṭāya heṭṭhā aparibhogaṃ hoti, padarasañcitaṃ hoti, paṭāṇi dinnā hoti, tasmiṃ ṭhito gaṇhati vā laggeti vā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
9. 大住所学处显示巴利原文
9. Mahallakavihārasikkhāpadaṃ
134 那时,佛陀世尊住在骄赏弥的瞿师罗园。那时,具寿阐那的侍者大官人为具寿阐那建造精舍。具寿阐那在精舍建成后,让人反复铺草,反复涂泥。精舍太重,倒塌了。于是具寿阐那拖运草和木柴,损坏了某一位婆罗门的麦田。那位婆罗门讥嫌、非难、指责道:“诸位尊者怎能损坏我的麦田呢!”那些比丘们听到了那位婆罗门正在讥嫌、非难、指责。那些少欲的……诸比丘也讥嫌、非难、指责说:“具寿阐那怎么能在精舍建成后,还让人反复铺草,反复涂泥,导致精舍太重倒塌呢!”然后,那些比丘用各种方式呵责了具寿阐那,把这件事禀告了世尊。……“阐那,听说你真的在精舍建成后,反复让人铺草,反复涂泥,导致精舍太重倒塌了,这是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责说:“愚人!你怎么能在精舍建成后,反复让人铺草,反复涂泥,导致精舍太重倒塌呢!愚人,这不能让没有信心的人生起信心……诸比丘,应当这样诵这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato channassa upaṭṭhāko mahāmatto āyasmato channassa vihāraṃ kārāpeti. Atha kho āyasmā channo katapariyositaṃ vihāraṃ punappunaṃ chādāpeti, punappunaṃ lepāpeti. Atibhārito vihāro paripati. Atha kho āyasmā channo tiṇañca kaṭṭhañca saṃkaḍḍhanto aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa yavakhettaṃ dūsesi. Atha kho so brāhmaṇo ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhadantā amhākaṃ yavakhettaṃ dūsessantī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tassa brāhmaṇassa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā channo katapariyositaṃ vihāraṃ punappunaṃ chādāpessati, punappunaṃ lepāpessati, atibhārito vihāro paripatī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ channaṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, channa, katapariyositaṃ vihāraṃ punappunaṃ chādāpesi, punappunaṃ lepāpesi, atibhārito vihāro paripatī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, katapariyositaṃ vihāraṃ punappunaṃ chādāpessasi, punappunaṃ lepāpessasi , atibhārito vihāro paripati! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
135 任何比丘,当建造大住处时,可在无作物的地方站立,铺盖二层或三层的屋顶材料,直至门楣处,并用于固定门和修饰窗孔。如果铺盖超过此量,即使在无作物的地方站立,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Mahallakaṃ pana bhikkhunā vihāraṃ kārayamānena yāvadvārakosā aggaḷaṭṭhapanāya ālokasandhiparikammāya dvatticchadanassa pariyāya appaharite ṭhitena adhiṭṭhātabbaṃ. Tato ce uttariṃ appaharitepi ṭhito adhiṭṭhaheyya pācittiya’’nti.
136 名为有主人的精舍。显示巴利原文
nāma vihāro sassāmiko vuccati.
名为已涂泥、已抹灰,或已涂泥又抹灰。显示巴利原文
nāma ullitto vā hoti avalitto vā ullittāvalitto vā.
自己做或让人做。显示巴利原文
ti karonto vā kārāpento vā.
大衣底部方圆一手掌的距离内。显示巴利原文
ti piṭṭhasaṅghāṭassa samantā hatthapāsā.
这是指设置门扉的。显示巴利原文
ti dvāraṭṭhapanāya.
这是指为窗户所做的修饰:白色的、黑色的、红土色的装饰,花环图案、藤蔓图案、鳄鱼齿图案、五种围栏图案。显示巴利原文
ti vātapānaparikammāya setavaṇṇaṃ kāḷavaṇṇaṃ gerukaparikammaṃ mālākammaṃ latākammaṃ makaradantakaṃ pañcapaṭikaṃ.
这里所说的“青苗”,是指前熟作物和后熟作物。如果站在青苗上作指示,犯恶作。以条铺方式覆盖屋顶者,应指示铺设两条,然后吩咐铺设第三条,之后应当离开。以层铺方式覆盖屋顶者,应指示铺设两层,然后吩咐铺设第三层,之后应当离开。显示巴利原文
nti – haritaṃ nāma pubbaṇṇaṃ aparaṇṇaṃ. Sace harite ṭhito adhiṭṭhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Maggena chādentassa dve magge adhiṭṭhahitvā tatiyaṃ maggaṃ āṇāpetvā pakkamitabbaṃ. Pariyāyena chādentassa dve pariyāye adhiṭṭhahitvā tatiyaṃ pariyāyaṃ āṇāpetvā pakkamitabbaṃ.
137 用砖覆盖时,每铺一块砖,犯一次波逸提。用石头覆盖时,每铺一块石头,犯一次波逸提。用石灰覆盖时,每放一团石灰,犯一次波逸提。用草覆盖时,每放一把草,犯一次波逸提。用树叶覆盖时,每放一片树叶,犯一次波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti iṭṭhakāya 2.0262 chādentassa iṭṭhakiṭṭhakāya āpatti pācittiyassa. Silāya chādentassa silāya silāya āpatti pācittiyassa. Sudhāya chādentassa piṇḍe piṇḍe āpatti pācittiyassa. Tiṇena chādentassa karaḷe karaḷe āpatti pācittiyassa. Paṇṇena chādentassa paṇṇe paṇṇe āpatti pācittiyassa.
对于超过两层环绕的情况,若他认为超过了而进行决意,犯波逸提。对于超过两层环绕的情况,若他心存疑虑而进行决意,犯波逸提。对于超过两层环绕的情况,若他认为不足而进行决意,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Atirekadvattipariyāye atirekasaññī adhiṭṭhāti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Atirekadvattipariyāye vematiko adhiṭṭhāti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Atirekadvattipariyāye ūnakasaññī adhiṭṭhāti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
对于不足两层环绕的情况,若他认为超过了,犯恶作。对于不足两层环绕的情况,若他心存疑虑,犯恶作。对于不足两层环绕的情况,若他认为不足,无罪。显示巴利原文
Ūnakadvattipariyāye atirekasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakadvattipariyāye vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakadvattipariyāye ūnakasaññī, anāpatti.
138 无罪的情况:正好两层环绕时;不足两层环绕时;在岩洞中;在石窟中;在草屋里;为别人而做时;用自己的钱财所做时;除了住处之外,在一切地方均无罪;心狂乱者;最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti dvattipariyāye, ūnakadvattipariyāye, leṇe, guhāya, tiṇakuṭikāya, aññassatthāya, attano dhanena, vāsāgāraṃ ṭhapetvā sabbattha anāpatti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
10. 有生命水学处显示巴利原文
10. Sappāṇakasikkhāpadaṃ
139 那时,佛陀世尊住在阿罗毗的阿嘎拉瓦塔庙。而那时,阿罗毗的诸比丘在进行修建工作时,明明知道水中有生命,却把水和草、泥一起泼洒,还指使别人泼洒。那些少欲的诸比丘……都批评、呵责、指责道:“阿罗毗的诸比丘怎么可以明明知道水中有生命,却把水和草、泥一起泼洒,还指使别人泼洒呢!”于是,那些比丘们用种种方式呵责了阿罗毗的诸比丘后,将这件事禀告了世尊……“诸比丘,听说你们真的明明知道水中有生命,却把水和草、泥一起泼洒,还指使别人泼洒,这是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道……“你们这些愚蠢的人,怎么可以明明知道水中有生命,却把水和草、泥一起泼洒,还指使别人泼洒!愚蠢的人啊,这不能让未生信者生信……那么,诸比丘,应当这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā āḷaviyaṃ viharati aggāḷave cetiye. Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṃ karontā jānaṃ sappāṇakaṃ udakaṃ tiṇampi mattikampi siñcantipi siñcāpentipi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āḷavakā bhikkhū jānaṃ sappāṇakaṃ udakaṃ tiṇampi mattikampi siñcissantipi siñcāpessantipī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū āḷavake bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, jānaṃ sappāṇakaṃ udakaṃ tiṇampi mattikampi siñcathapi siñcāpethapī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, jānaṃ sappāṇakaṃ udakaṃ tiṇampi mattikampi siñcissathapi siñcāpessathapi! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
140 若比丘明知水中有虫,仍用它浇草或泥(或令人浇),犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṃ sappāṇakaṃ udakaṃ tiṇaṃ vā mattikaṃ vā siñceyya vā siñcāpeyya vā, pācittiya’’nti.
141 ……具有如此这般特质者……在此处所指的意义中,即是所谓的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“知”的意思是:自己知道,或别人告诉他。显示巴利原文
nāma sāmaṃ vā jānāti aññe vā tassa ārocenti.
“自己泼洒”的意思是:自己泼洒,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti sayaṃ siñcati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
“指使别人”的意思是:指使他人泼洒,犯波逸提。只指使一次,对方却泼了很多次,也犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti aññaṃ āṇāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa . Sakiṃ āṇatto bahukampi siñcati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
142 水中有生命,且心中有“水中有生命”的认知,无论自己泼洒草或泥,还是指使别人泼洒,犯波逸提。水中有生命,但心中对此不确定,无论自己泼洒草或泥,还是指使别人泼洒,犯恶作。水中有生命,但心中认为“水中没有生命”,无论自己泼洒草或泥,还是指使别人泼洒,不犯。水中没有生命,但心中认为“水中有生命”,犯恶作。水中没有生命,但心中对此不确定,犯恶作。水中没有生命,且心中有“水中没有生命”的认知,不犯。显示巴利原文
Sappāṇake sappāṇakasaññī tiṇaṃ vā mattikaṃ vā siñcati vā siñcāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Sappāṇake vematiko tiṇaṃ vā mattikaṃ vā siñcati vā siñcāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Sappāṇake appāṇakasaññī tiṇaṃ vā mattikaṃ vā siñcati vā siñcāpeti vā, anāpatti. Appāṇake sappāṇakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Appāṇake vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Appāṇake appāṇakasaññī, anāpatti.
143 不犯的情况有:不是故意的、失念时、不知情时、精神失常者、最初的犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti asañcicca, assatiyā, ajānantassa, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
Bhūtaṃ aññāya ujjhāyaṃ, pakkamantena te duve; Pubbe nikkaḍḍhanāhacca, dvāraṃ sappāṇakena cāti.
3. 教诫品显示巴利原文
3. Ovādavaggo
1. 教诫学处显示巴利原文
1. Ovādasikkhāpadaṃ
144 那时,佛世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那个时候,上座诸比丘在教导比丘尼时,能获得衣服、饮食、坐卧具和生病所需的医药资具等利益。当时,六群比丘心里冒出了这样的念头:"朋友们,现在上座的诸比丘因为教导比丘尼,得到了衣服、饮食、坐卧具和生病所需的医药资具这些利益。来吧,朋友们,我们也可以去教诫比丘尼。"于是,六群比丘就去找到那些比丘尼,对她们说:"姐妹们,你们也来找我们吧,我们也会教导你们的。"显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena therā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo ovadantā lābhino honti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Atha kho chabbaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘etarahi kho, āvuso, therā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo ovadantā lābhino honti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Handāvuso, mayampi bhikkhuniyo ovadāmā’’ti. Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upasaṅkamitvā etadavocuṃ – ‘‘amhepi, bhaginiyo, upasaṅkamatha; mayampi ovadissāmā’’ti.
于是,那些比丘尼就去了六群比丘那里。到了以后,她们顶礼了六群比丘,然后坐在一旁。这时,六群比丘只对比丘尼们讲了一点点佛法,就用一整天的时间闲聊世俗闲话,然后把她们打发走,说道:"走吧,姐妹们。"接着,那些比丘尼又去世尊那里。到了以后,她们顶礼了世尊,然后站在一旁。站在一旁后,世尊对她们说:"比丘尼们,教导还算成功吗?"她们回答说:"尊者,哪里谈得上教导成功呢!那些六群比丘尊者只讲了一点点佛法,然后用一整天的时间闲聊世俗闲话,就把我们打发走了。"于是,世尊便对那些比丘尼进行了佛法的开示、劝导、激励和欢喜。那些比丘尼受到世尊佛法的开示、劝导、激励和欢喜后,顶礼了世尊,右绕致敬,然后便离开了。显示巴利原文
Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo yena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā chabbaggiye bhikkhū abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhunīnaṃ parittaññeva dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā divasaṃ tiracchānakathāya vītināmetvā uyyojesuṃ – ‘‘gacchatha, bhaginiyo’’ti. Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho tā bhikkhuniyo bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘kacci, bhikkhuniyo, ovādo iddho ahosī’’ti? ‘‘Kuto, bhante, ovādo iddho bhavissati! Ayyā chabbaggiyā parittaññeva dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā divasaṃ tiracchānakathāya vītināmetvā uyyojesu’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā tā bhikkhuniyo dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi . Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassitā samādapitā samuttejitā sampahaṃsitā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu.
随后,世尊因为这件因缘,在这个事件上,召集了比丘僧团,质问六群比丘:"诸比丘,你们当真只对比丘尼们讲一点点佛法,然后就闲聊世俗闲话一整天,把她们打发走吗?"他们回答说:"是真的,世尊。"佛陀世尊诃责了他们:……(省略部分重复诃责语句)……"你们这些愚人,怎么能只对比丘尼们讲一点点佛法,然后就闲聊世俗闲话一整天,把她们打发走呢!愚人们,这既不能让没有信心的人生起信心……(省略部分重复诃责语句)……"世尊诃责完之后,……对诸比丘说道:"诸比丘,我现在允许你们正式选任一位比丘尼教诫师。而且,诸比丘,应该这样来选任:首先,应该向一位比丘提出请求。请求之后,应该由一位聪明、有能力的比丘向僧团提出动议:显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā chabbaggiye bhikkhū paṭipucchi – ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhikkhunīnaṃ parittaññeva dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā divasaṃ tiracchānakathāya vītināmetvā uyyojethā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, bhikkhunīnaṃ parittaññeva dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā divasaṃ tiracchānakathāya vītināmetvā uyyojessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, bhikkhunovādakaṃ sammannituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbo. Paṭhamaṃ bhikkhu yācitabbo. Yācitvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
145 "尊者,请僧团听我说。如果僧团觉得时机合适,僧团应选任某某比丘为比丘尼教诫师。这是动议。"显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ bhikkhunovādakaṃ sammanneyya. Esā ñatti.
"尊者,请僧团听我说。僧团正选任某某比丘为比丘尼教诫师。哪位尊者同意这位某某比丘作为比丘尼教诫师的任命,请保持沉默;哪位不同意,请说出来。"显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Saṅgho itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ bhikkhunovādakaṃ sammannati. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno bhikkhunovādakassa sammuti, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“我第二次讲这件事……乃至……我第三次讲这件事:尊者,请僧团听我说。僧团选定某某比丘为比丘尼教诫者。哪位尊者同意某某比丘作为比丘尼教诫者的选定,请他沉默;哪位不同意,请他说出来。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Dutiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi…pe… tatiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi – suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Saṅgho itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ bhikkhunovādakaṃ sammannati. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno bhikkhunovādakassa sammuti, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“某某比丘已被僧团选定为比丘尼教诫者。僧团同意这件事,所以沉默,我这样持守。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sammato saṅghena itthannāmo bhikkhu bhikkhunovādako. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
那时,世尊以种种方式呵责六群比丘:难以护持……乃至……“诸比丘,你们应该这样诵持这条学处——”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā dubbharatāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
146 若比丘未经(僧团)选任而教诫比丘尼,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu asammato bhikkhuniyo ovadeyya pācittiya’’nti.
那时,世尊为诸比丘制定的这条学处就是这样。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
147 可是那时候,那些被选定的长老诸比丘去教导比丘尼,同样得到衣服、饮食、坐卧处、生病必需的药物资具。这时,六群比丘心里这么想:“贤友们,现在长老诸比丘被选定去教导比丘尼,同样得到衣服、饮食、坐卧处、生病必需的药物资具。来吧,贤友们,我们也到界外去,互相选定为比丘尼教诫者,然后去教导比丘尼!”于是,六群比丘到界外去,互相选定为比丘尼教诫者,然后去到比丘尼们那里,这么说道:“姐妹们,我们也是被选定的,你们也来亲近我们吧,我们也会教导你们的。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena therā bhikkhū sammatā bhikkhuniyo ovadantā tatheva lābhino honti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Atha kho chabbaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘etarahi kho, āvuso, therā bhikkhū sammatā bhikkhuniyo ovadantā tatheva lābhino honti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Handāvuso, mayampi nissīmaṃ gantvā aññamaññaṃ bhikkhunovādakaṃ sammannitvā bhikkhuniyo ovadāmā’’ti. Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū nissīmaṃ gantvā aññamaññaṃ bhikkhunovādakaṃ sammannitvā bhikkhuniyo upasaṅkamitvā etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mayampi, bhaginiyo, sammatā. Amhepi upasaṅkamatha. Mayampi ovadissāmā’’ti.
那时,那些比丘尼就去亲近六群比丘。到了以后,向六群比丘礼敬,坐在一边。然后,六群比丘只对比丘尼们讲了一点点法义的开示,就花了一整天说些无意义的闲话,然后打发她们:“走吧,姐妹们。”接着,那些比丘尼去亲近世尊。到了以后,向世尊礼敬,站在一边。站在一边的那些比丘尼,世尊这样对她们说:“比丘尼们,教诫圆满吗?”“世尊,教诫怎么会圆满呢?六群尊者们只讲了一点点法义的开示,就花了一整天说些无意义的闲话,然后把我们打发走了。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo yena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā chabbaggiye bhikkhū abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhunīnaṃ parittaññeva dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā divasaṃ tiracchānakathāya vītināmetvā uyyojesuṃ – ‘‘gacchatha bhaginiyo’’ti. Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho tā bhikkhuniyo bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘kacci, bhikkhuniyo, ovādo iddho ahosī’’ti? ‘‘Kuto, bhante, ovādo iddho bhavissati! Ayyā chabbaggiyā parittaññeva dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā divasaṃ tiracchānakathāya vītināmetvā uyyojesu’’nti.
那时,世尊以法义开示教诫、劝导、激励、使那些比丘尼欢喜。然后,那些比丘尼被世尊以法义开示教诫、劝导、激励、使欢喜之后,向世尊礼敬,右绕之后离开了。那时,世尊以这个因缘、这件事情召集比丘僧团,审问六群比丘:“诸比丘,你们真的只讲了一点点法义开示,就花一整天说些无意义的闲话,然后把比丘尼们打发走了,这是事实吗?”“世尊,这是事实。”佛陀世尊诃责:“……愚人,你们怎么可以只对比丘尼们讲一点点法义的开示,就花一整天说些无意义的闲话,然后把她们打发走呢!愚人,这不能让没有信心的人产生信心……”呵责之后,说法开示,然后对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我允许选定具备八种条件的比丘为比丘尼教诫者。他有戒:依巴帝摩卡防护而住,行处具足,在最微小的罪过上也看到危险,受持学习诸学处;他是多闻者:能忆持、积聚所听闻的法,那些初善、中善、后善,有意义、有文句,宣说完全圆满、完全清净梵行的法,像那样的法,他多闻、忆持、以言语熟悉、以心意考察、以见地善通达;而且,两部巴帝摩卡都详细地被他很好地掌握、很好地分辨、很好地流传、很好地裁定,包括每一条文句和细微的文句;他语言优美,表达优雅;他普遍为比丘尼们所喜爱、所悦意;他有能力教导比丘尼;他对于为了世尊而出家、穿袈裟衣的人,此前从未违犯过重法;他有二十夏或超过二十夏——诸比丘,我允许选定具备这八种条件的比丘为比丘尼教诫者。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā tā bhikkhuniyo dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi…pe… atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassitā samādapitā samuttejitā sampahaṃsitā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā chabbaggiye bhikkhū paṭipucchi – ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhikkhunīnaṃ parittaññeva dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā divasaṃ tiracchānakathāya vītināmetvā uyyojethā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, bhikkhunīnaṃ parittaññeva dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā divasaṃ tiracchānakathāya vītināmetvā uyyojessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgataṃ bhikkhuṃ bhikkhunovādakaṃ sammannituṃ. Sīlavā hoti , pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo, ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasā anupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso; kalyāṇavāco hoti kalyāṇavākkaraṇo; yebhuyyena bhikkhunīnaṃ piyo hoti manāpo; paṭibalo hoti bhikkhuniyo ovadituṃ; na kho panetaṃ bhagavantaṃ uddissa pabbajitāya kāsāyavatthavasanāya garudhammaṃ ajjhāpannapubbo hoti; vīsativasso vā hoti atirekavīsativasso vā – anujānāmi, bhikkhave, imehi aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgataṃ bhikkhuṃ bhikkhunovādakaṃ sammannitu’’nti.
148 这里所说的“像这样……的”——这个“……”——这个“他”,就是在此处这一含义下被认可的“比丘”。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
尚未通过一白三羯磨的羯磨程序获得任命。显示巴利原文
nāma ñatticatutthena kammena asammato.
在两个僧团都已受具足戒的人。显示巴利原文
nāma ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā.
他用八敬法进行教诫,犯波逸提罪。他用别的法进行教诫,犯恶作罪。他教诫只在一处僧团受具足戒的人,犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
ti aṭṭhahi garudhammehi ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Aññena dhammena ovadati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ekatoupasampannaṃ ovadati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
149 那位被任命的比丘应当把院落打扫干净,准备好饮用水和洗用水,铺设好座位,并带上一位同伴,然后坐下来。比丘尼们应到那里去,向那位比丘顶礼后,坐在一边。那位比丘应该这样问:“姐妹们,你们僧团和合吗?”如果她们说:“尊者,我们和合。”那么他应问:“姐妹们,八敬法在遵行吗?”如果她们说:“尊者,在遵行。”那么他应宣布:“姐妹们,这就是教诫。”如果她们说:“尊者,没有遵行。”那么就应当让她们回忆起来。 “一位已经受具足戒一百年的比丘尼,对当天才受具足戒的比丘,也应当行顶礼、起身迎接、合掌致敬、尽弟子之义务;这条法应当被尊重、被恭敬、被推崇、被供养,尽形寿不得违越。比丘尼不应在没有比丘的住处入雨安居;这条法应当被尊重、被恭敬、被推崇、被供养,尽形寿不得违越。每半个月,比丘尼应向比丘僧团期待两件事:询问布萨日期,以及前往请求教诫;这条法……(中略)……。雨安居结束后,比丘尼应当在两个僧团中,就所见、所闻、所疑三个方面进行自恣;这条法……(中略)……。犯了敬法的比丘尼,应当在两个僧团中行半个月的摩那埵;这条法……(中略)……。一位在六法上已经学习了两年戒行的学法女,应当向两个僧团寻求受具足戒;这条法……(中略)……。比丘尼无论以任何理由,都不应辱骂、诽谤比丘;这条法……(中略)……。从今天开始,禁止比丘尼向诸比丘言语,不禁止诸比丘向比丘尼言语;这条法应当被尊重、被恭敬、被推崇、被供养,尽形寿不得违越。”显示巴利原文
Tena sammatena bhikkhunā pariveṇaṃ sammajjitvā pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā āsanaṃ paññapetvā dutiyaṃ gahetvā nisīditabbaṃ. Bhikkhunīhi tattha gantvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīditabbaṃ. Tena bhikkhunā pucchitabbā – ‘‘samaggāttha, bhaginiyo’’ti? Sace ‘‘samaggāmhāyyā’’ti bhaṇanti, ‘‘vattanti, bhaginiyo, aṭṭha garudhammā’’ti? Sace ‘‘vattantāyyā’’ti bhaṇanti, ‘‘eso, bhaginiyo, ovādo’’ti niyyādetabbo . Sace ‘‘na vattantāyyā’’ti bhaṇanti, osāretabbā. ‘‘Vassasatūpasampannāya bhikkhuniyā tadahupasampannassa bhikkhuno abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ kātabbaṃ; ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garukatvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo. Na bhikkhuniyā abhikkhuke āvāse vassaṃ vasitabbaṃ; ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garukatvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo. Anvaddhamāsaṃ bhikkhuniyā bhikkhusaṅghato dve dhammā paccāsīsitabbā uposathapucchakañca ovādupasaṅkamanañca, ayampi dhammo…pe… vassaṃ vuṭṭhāya bhikkhuniyā ubhatosaṅghe tīhi ṭhānehi pavāretabbaṃ diṭṭhena vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā; ayampi dhammo…pe… garudhammaṃ ajjhāpannāya bhikkhuniyā ubhatosaṅghe pakkhamānattaṃ caritabbaṃ; ayampi dhammo…pe… dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhāya sikkhamānāya ubhatosaṅghe upasampadā pariyesitabbā; ayampi dhammo…pe… na bhikkhuniyā kena ci pariyāyena bhikkhu akkositabbo paribhāsitabbo; ayampi dhammo…pe… ajjatagge ovaṭo bhikkhunīnaṃ bhikkhūsu vacanapatho, anovaṭo bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīsu vacanapatho; ayampi dhammo sakkatvā garukatvā mānetvā pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ anatikkamanīyo’’ti.
如果对比丘尼回答“尊者,我们和合”时,他却说别的话,犯恶作罪。如果对比丘尼回答“尊者,我们不和合”时,他却说八敬法,犯恶作罪。如果不交付教诫而说别的法,犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Sace ‘‘samaggāmhāyyā’’ti bhaṇantaṃ aññaṃ dhammaṃ bhaṇati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Sace ‘‘vaggāmhāyyā’’ti bhaṇantaṃ aṭṭha garudhamme bhaṇati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ovādaṃ aniyyādetvā aññaṃ dhammaṃ bhaṇati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
150 在非法羯磨中、以为是非法羯磨,对分裂的比丘尼僧团、以为是分裂的而进行教诫,犯波逸提罪。在非法羯磨中、以为是非法羯磨,对分裂的比丘尼僧团、心存疑虑而进行教诫,犯波逸提罪。在非法羯磨中、以为是非法羯磨,对分裂的比丘尼僧团、以为是和合的而进行教诫,犯波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññī vaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ vaggasaññī ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññī vaggaṃ bhikkhunīsaṅghaṃ vematiko ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññī vaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ samaggasaññī ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
在非法羯磨中、心存疑虑,对分裂的比丘尼僧团、以为是分裂的而进行教诫,犯波逸提罪。在非法羯磨中、心存疑虑,对分裂的比丘尼僧团、心存疑虑而进行教诫,犯波逸提罪。在非法羯磨中、心存疑虑,对分裂的比丘尼僧团、以为是和合的而进行教诫,犯波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Adhammakamme vematiko vaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ vaggasaññī ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Adhammakamme vematiko vaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ vematiko ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa . Adhammakamme vematiko vaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ samaggasaññī ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
在不如法的羯磨上,却认为它是如法羯磨——教诫一个分裂的比丘尼僧团,并且认为僧团是分裂的,犯波逸提。在不如法的羯磨上,却认为它是如法羯磨——教诫一个分裂的比丘尼僧团,并且对此犹豫不定,犯波逸提。在不如法的羯磨上,却认为它是如法羯磨——教诫一个分裂的比丘尼僧团,并且认为僧团是和合的,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññī vaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ vaggasaññī ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññī vaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ vematiko ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññī vaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ samaggasaññī ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
在不如法的羯磨上,也认为它是不如法羯磨——教诫一个和合的比丘尼僧团,并且认为僧团是分裂的,犯波逸提。在不如法的羯磨上,也认为它是不如法羯磨——教诫一个和合的比丘尼僧团,并且对此犹豫不定,犯波逸提。在不如法的羯磨上,也认为它是不如法羯磨——教诫一个和合的比丘尼僧团,并且认为僧团是和合的,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññī samaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ vaggasaññī ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññī samaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ vematiko ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññī samaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ samaggasaññī ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
在不如法的羯磨上,对此犹豫不定——教诫一个和合的比丘尼僧团,并且认为僧团是分裂的……(中略)……犹豫不定地教诫……(中略)……认为僧团是和合地教诫,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Adhammakamme vematiko samaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ vaggasaññī ovadati…pe… vematiko ovadati…pe… samaggasaññī ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
在不如法的羯磨上,却认为它是如法羯磨——教诫一个和合的比丘尼僧团,并且认为僧团是分裂的……(中略)……犹豫不定地教诫……(中略)……认为僧团是和合地教诫,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññī samaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ vaggasaññī ovadati…pe… vematiko ovadati…pe… samaggasaññī ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
151 在如法的羯磨上,认为是不如法羯磨,而教诫分裂的比丘尼僧团,并以为其分裂,犯恶作。于如法的羯磨上,认为是不如法羯磨,而教诫分裂的比丘尼僧团,并对此有疑,……乃至……以为其和合而教诫,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Dhammakamme adhammakammasaññī vaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ vaggasaññī ovadati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dhammakamme adhammakammasaññī vaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ vematiko ovadati…pe… samaggasaññī ovadati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
在如法的羯磨上,对此犹豫不定——教诫一个分裂的比丘尼僧团,并且认为僧团是分裂的……(中略)……犹豫不定地教诫……(中略)……认为僧团是和合地教诫,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Dhammakamme vematiko vaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ vaggasaññī ovadati…pe… vematiko ovadati…pe… samaggasaññī ovadati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
在如法的羯磨上,也认为它是如法羯磨——教诫一个分裂的比丘尼僧团,并且认为僧团是分裂的……(中略)……犹豫不定地教诫……(中略)……认为僧团是和合地教诫,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññī vaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ vaggasaññī ovadati…pe… vematiko ovadati…pe… samaggasaññī ovadati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
在如法的羯磨上,却认为它是不如法羯磨——教诫一个和合的比丘尼僧团,并且认为僧团是分裂的……(中略)……犹豫不定地教诫……(中略)……认为僧团是和合地教诫,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Dhammakamme adhammakammasaññī samaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ vaggasaññī ovadati…pe… vematiko ovadati…pe… samaggasaññī ovadati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对如法的羯磨有疑,而教诫和合的比丘尼僧团,并以为其分裂,……乃至……有疑而教诫,……乃至……以为其和合而教诫,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Dhammakamme vematiko samaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ vaggasaññī ovadati…pe… vematiko ovadati…pe… samaggasaññī ovadati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对如法的羯磨,认为是如法羯磨,而教诫和合的比丘尼僧团,并以为其分裂,犯恶作。对如法的羯磨,认为是如法羯磨,而教诫和合的比丘尼僧团,并对此有疑,犯恶作。对如法的羯磨,认为是如法羯磨,而教诫和合的比丘尼僧团,并以为其和合,不犯。显示巴利原文
Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññī samaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ vaggasaññī ovadati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññī samaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ vematiko ovadati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññī samaggaṃ bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ samaggasaññī ovadati, anāpatti.
152 不犯的情况:正在作诵出(巴帝摩卡);正在作遍问;当有人对他说“圣尼,请唱和”时,他作唱和;在问问题;被问到问题时,他进行讲述;比丘尼们听到他在为别人说法;为在学尼、为沙马内莉而说;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti uddesaṃ dento, paripucchaṃ dento, ‘‘osārehi ayyā’’ti vuccamāno, osāreti, pañhaṃ pucchati, pañhaṃ puṭṭho katheti, aññassatthāya bhaṇantaṃ bhikkhuniyo suṇanti, sikkhamānāya, sāmaṇeriyā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
2. 日没后学处显示巴利原文
2. Atthaṅgatasikkhāpadaṃ
153 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,长老诸比丘正以轮流的方式教诫比丘尼。那时,轮到具寿周利盘陀迦去教诫比丘尼。比丘尼们这样议论:“今天的教诫怕是不会殊胜了。圣者周利盘陀迦,现在还是只会把那同一首自说颂反反复复地念。”于是,那些比丘尼前往具寿周利盘陀迦那里,到了之后,礼拜具寿周利盘陀迦,然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁后,具寿周利盘陀迦对那些比丘尼这样说:“姐妹们,你们和合吗?”“圣者,我们和合。”“姐妹们,八敬法在遵行吗?”“圣者,在遵行。”他宣布道:“姐妹们,这就是教诫。”然后,他就反复念诵了这首自说颂:显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena therā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo ovadanti pariyāyena. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato cūḷapanthakassa pariyāyo hoti bhikkhuniyo ovadituṃ. Bhikkhuniyo evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘na dāni ajja ovādo iddho bhavissati, taññeva dāni udānaṃ ayyo cūḷapanthako punappunaṃ bhaṇissatī’’ti. Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo yenāyasmā cūḷapanthako tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ cūḷapanthakaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho tā bhikkhuniyo āyasmā cūḷapanthako etadavoca – ‘‘samaggāttha, bhaginiyo’’ti? ‘‘Samaggāmhāyyā’’ti. ‘‘Vattanti, bhaginiyo, aṭṭha garudhammā’’ti? ‘‘Vattantāyyā’’ti. ‘‘Eso, bhaginiyo, ovādo’’ti niyyādetvā imaṃ udānaṃ punappunaṃ abhāsi –
“对于精勤于增上心、学习牟尼行处之牟尼,
这种如如不动者、平静且恒持正念之人,不会有忧伤。”
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Adhicetaso appamajjato, munino monapathesu sikkhato; Sokā na bhavanti tādino, upasantassa sadā satīmato’’ti.
比丘尼们就议论道:“我们不是早就说了吗?‘今天的教诫怕是不会殊胜了。圣者周利盘陀迦,现在还是只会把那同一首自说颂反反复复地念。’”具寿周利盘陀迦听到了这些比丘尼的这番议论。于是,具寿周利盘陀迦凌空而起,在空中、在虚空里,或经行、或站立、或安坐、或卧下;或冒烟、或放光、或隐身;他不仅念诵了那首自说颂,还诵出了其他大量的佛陀教言。比丘尼们于是又议论道:“真是稀有啊!真是未曾有啊!我们以前,还真的从未经历过像圣者周利盘陀迦这样殊胜的教诫呢!”然后,具寿周利盘陀迦向比丘尼们作教诫,直至日暮之后,才让她们离开,说道:“姐妹们,你们可以走了。”显示巴利原文
Bhikkhuniyo evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘nanu avocumhā – na dāni ajja ovādo iddho bhavissati, taññeva dāni udānaṃ ayyo cūḷapanthako punappunaṃ bhaṇissatī’’ti! Assosi kho āyasmā cūḷapanthako tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ imaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ. Atha kho āyasmā cūḷapanthako vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe caṅkamatipi tiṭṭhatipi nisīdatipi seyyampi kappeti dhūmāyatipi pajjalatipi antaradhāyatipi, tañceva udānaṃ bhaṇati aññañca bahuṃ buddhavacanaṃ. Bhikkhuniyo evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘acchariyaṃ vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho, na vata no ito pubbe ovādo evaṃ iddho bhūtapubbo yathā ayyassa cūḷapanthakassā’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā cūḷapanthako tā bhikkhuniyo yāva samandhakārā ovaditvā uyyojesi – gacchatha bhaginiyoti.
于是,那些比丘尼因为城门关闭,只能在城外的民居过夜,天亮时才进城。人们讥嫌、批评、非议道:“这些比丘尼不是梵行者!她们在寺院和诸比丘一起住到(深夜),现在才进城!”那些比丘们听到了人们的讥嫌、批评与非议。那些少欲知足的诸比丘……他们也讥嫌、批评、非议道:“具寿周利盘陀迦怎能日落之后还教诫比丘尼呢?”……「佛陀以此因缘……问周利盘陀迦:」“周利盘陀迦,你果真在日落后教诫比丘尼了吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道:“……周利盘陀迦,你怎能日落后教诫比丘尼呢!痴人,这不能让未生信者生信……(中略)……诸比丘!你们应当这样诵出这条学处:显示巴利原文
Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo nagaradvāre thakite bahinagare vasitvā kālasseva nagaraṃ pavisanti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘abrahmacāriniyo imā bhikkhuniyo; ārāme bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ vasitvā idāni nagaraṃ pavisantī’’ti. Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā cūḷapanthako atthaṅgate sūriye bhikkhuniyo ovadissatī’’ti…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, cūḷapanthaka, atthaṅgate sūriye bhikkhuniyo ovadasī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, cūḷapanthaka, atthaṅgate sūriye bhikkhuniyo ovadissasi! Netaṃ, cūḷapanthaka, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
154 比丘纵使受选任,若在日落之后教诫比丘尼,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Sammatopi ce bhikkhu atthaṅgate sūriye bhikkhuniyo ovadeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
155 名为……,通过白四羯磨而得到认定。显示巴利原文
nāma ñatticatutthena kammena sammato.
在太阳落下时。显示巴利原文
ti oggate sūriye.
名为……,于二部僧中受具足戒的。显示巴利原文
nāma ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā.
若以八敬法或其他法教诫者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti aṭṭhahi vā garudhammehi aññena vā dhammena ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
156 太阳落下时,想太阳已落下而教诫者,犯波逸提。太阳落下时,疑惑而教诫者,犯波逸提。太阳落下时,想太阳未落下而教诫者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Atthaṅgate atthaṅgatasaññī ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Atthaṅgate vematiko ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Atthaṅgate anatthaṅgatasaññī ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
对只在一部僧中受具足戒者教诫,犯恶作。太阳未落时,想太阳已落而教诫者,犯恶作。太阳未落时,疑惑而教诫者,犯恶作。太阳未落时,想太阳未落而教诫者,无犯。显示巴利原文
Ekatoupasampannāya ovadati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anatthaṅgate atthaṅgatasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anatthaṅgate vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anatthaṅgate anatthaṅgatasaññī, anāpatti.
157 无犯者:诵出教诫时,提问时,被说“大姊,请进入”而接引时,问问题时,被问问题时解说,为他人说法时比丘尼们听到,对学法女、沙弥尼教诫,精神失常者,最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti uddesaṃ dento, paripucchaṃ dento, ‘‘osārehi ayyā’’ti vuccamāno, osāreti, pañhaṃ pucchati, pañhaṃ puṭṭho katheti, aññassatthāya bhaṇantaṃ bhikkhuniyo suṇanti, sikkhamānāya sāmaṇeriyā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
3. 比丘尼住所学处显示巴利原文
3. Bhikkhunupassayasikkhāpadaṃ
158 那时,佛陀世尊正住在释迦国迦毗罗卫城的尼拘律园。而那时,六群比丘前往比丘尼住处,教导六群比丘尼。比丘尼们对六群比丘尼这样说:“来吧,圣尼们,我们去听教导。”六群比丘尼却回答:“圣尼们,就算我们想要去听教导,六群圣尼们自己过来这里教导我们就行了。”比丘尼们对此讥嫌、批评、抱怨:“六群比丘怎么能前往比丘尼住处教导比丘尼呢!”于是,那些比丘尼把这件事告诉了诸比丘。那些少欲知足的诸比丘也讥嫌、批评、抱怨:“六群比丘怎么能前往比丘尼住处教导比丘尼呢?”……(省略句)“诸比丘,你们真的前往比丘尼住处教导比丘尼了吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责他们:“愚痴的人啊,你们怎么能前往比丘尼住处教导比丘尼呢!愚痴的人啊,这既不能让没有信心的人生起信心……(省略句)那么,诸比丘,应当这样诵出此学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhunupassayaṃ upasaṅkamitvā chabbaggiyā bhikkhuniyo ovadanti. Bhikkhuniyo chabbaggiyā bhikkhuniyo etadavocuṃ – ‘‘ethāyye, ovādaṃ gamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Yampi mayaṃ, ayye, gaccheyyāma ovādassa kāraṇā, ayyā chabbaggiyā idheva āgantvā amhe ovadantī’’ti. Bhikkhuniyo ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhunupassayaṃ upasaṅkamitvā bhikkhuniyo ovadissantī’’ti ! Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhunupassayaṃ upasaṅkamitvā bhikkhuniyo ovadissantī’’ti…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave , bhikkhunupassayaṃ upasaṅkamitvā bhikkhuniyo ovadathā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, bhikkhunupassayaṃ upasaṅkamitvā bhikkhuniyo ovadissatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,前往比丘尼的住处教诫比丘尼者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
那时,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
159 而那时,大爱道·果德弥生病了。上座诸比丘前往大爱道·果德弥那里。到了以后,对大爱道·果德弥这样说:“果德弥,你能忍受吗?能坚持吗?”“圣尊们,我不能忍受,也坚持不了。”“那么,圣尼,请为我们说法吧。”“贤姊,这是不许可的,我们不能前往比丘尼住处为比丘尼说法。”他们因为有所顾忌而没有说法。于是,世尊在午前时分,穿好下衣,拿着钵与衣,前往大爱道·果德弥那里。到了以后,在铺设好的座位上坐下。坐好后,世尊对大爱道·果德弥这样说:“果德弥,你能忍受吗?能坚持吗?”“尊者,以前上座诸比丘会来为我说法,那时我身体安适。但现在,因为‘被世尊禁止了’,诸比丘有所顾忌就不来说法了。因此我身体不安适。”于是,世尊以法义开示、劝导、激励、令大爱道·果德弥欢喜后,从座起身离开。那时,世尊以此事为因缘,说了法义的开示后,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我允许你们前往比丘尼住处,教导生病的比丘尼。那么,诸比丘,应当这样诵出此学处——显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena mahāpajāpati gotamī gilānā hoti. Therā bhikkhū yena mahāpajāpati gotamī tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kacci te, gotami, khamanīyaṃ kacci yāpanīya’’nti? ‘‘Na me, ayyā, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ’’. ‘‘Iṅghayyā, dhammaṃ desethā’’ti. ‘‘Na, bhagini, kappati bhikkhunupassayaṃ upasaṅkamitvā bhikkhuniyo dhammaṃ desetu’’nti kukkuccāyantā na desesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena mahāpajāpati gotamī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kacci te, gotami, khamanīyaṃ kacci yāpanīya’’nti ? ‘‘Pubbe me, bhante, therā bhikkhū āgantvā dhammaṃ desenti. Tena me phāsu hoti. Idāni pana – ‘‘bhagavatā paṭikkhitta’’nti, kukkuccāyantā na desenti. Tena me na phāsu hotī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, bhikkhunupassayaṃ upasaṅkamitvā gilānaṃ bhikkhuniṃ ovadituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
160 若比丘到比丘尼的住处去教诫比丘尼,除有因缘外,犯波逸提。此中因缘是:比丘尼生病——这是此中的因缘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhunupassayaṃ upasaṅkamitvā bhikkhuniyo ovadeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṃ . Tatthāyaṃ samayo. Gilānā hoti bhikkhunī – ayaṃ tattha samayo’’ti.
161 ……无论是谁……的……这里所说的“比丘”,指的就是这个意思。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
这是在比丘尼们哪怕只住了一夜的地方。显示巴利原文
nāma yattha bhikkhuniyo ekarattampi vasanti.
指到了那个地方。显示巴利原文
ti tattha gantvā.
在两众中受具足戒的。显示巴利原文
nāma ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā.
以八种尊重法教诫,波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
ti aṭṭhahi garudhammehi ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
除适时之外。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā samayaṃ.
该比丘尼因不能前往而无法接受教诫或共住。显示巴利原文
nāma bhikkhunī na sakkoti ovādāya vā saṃvāsāya vā gantuṃ.
162 对具足戒者有具足戒想,于非时前往比丘尼住处教诫,波逸提罪。对具足戒者心有疑虑,于非时前往比丘尼住处教诫,波逸提罪。对具足戒者作未具足戒想,于非时前往比丘尼住处教诫,波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampannāya upasampannasaññī bhikkhunupassayaṃ upasaṅkamitvā aññatra samayā ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampannāya vematiko bhikkhunupassayaṃ upasaṅkamitvā aññatra samayā ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampannāya anupasampannasaññī bhikkhunupassayaṃ upasaṅkamitvā aññatra samayā ovadati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
以他法教诫,恶作罪。对仅一众人中受具足戒者教诫,恶作罪。对未具足戒者有具足戒想,恶作罪。对未具足戒者心有疑虑,恶作罪。对未具足戒者作未具足戒想,无罪。显示巴利原文
Aññena dhammena ovadati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ekatoupasampannāya ovadati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampannāya upasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa . Anupasampannāya vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampannāya anupasampannasaññī, anāpatti.
163 于适时无罪,授与诵本时,授与质问时,若被请求说“圣尼,请开示”而开示,提问,被问而解说,为他人说法时比丘尼们听闻,对在学尼、沙马内莉,对精神失常者,对最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti samaye, uddesaṃ dento, paripucchaṃ dento, ‘‘osārehi ayyā’’ti vuccamāno osāreti, pañhaṃ pucchati, pañhaṃ puṭṭho katheti, aññassatthāya bhaṇantaṃ bhikkhuniyo suṇanti, sikkhamānāya sāmaṇeriyā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
4. 利养学处显示巴利原文
4. Āmisasikkhāpadaṃ
164 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,上座诸比丘因教诫比丘尼而获得衣服、饮食、坐卧处、病缘医药资具等利养。六群比丘这么说:“上座诸比丘并非真心尽力教诫比丘尼;上座诸比丘是为了利养才教诫比丘尼。”那些少欲的诸比丘……不满、批评、指责道:“六群比丘怎么可以这么说——‘上座诸比丘并非真心尽力教诫比丘尼;上座诸比丘是为了利养才教诫比丘尼’呢?”……“诸比丘,你们确实这么说了吗:‘上座诸比丘并非真心尽力教诫比丘尼;上座诸比丘是为了利养才教诫比丘尼’?”“是的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道……“你们这些愚人,怎么可以这么说——上座诸比丘并非真心尽力教诫比丘尼;上座诸比丘是为了利养才教诫比丘尼!愚人们,这既不能使未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme . Tena kho pana samayena therā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo ovadantā lābhino honti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū evaṃ vadanti – ‘‘na bahukatā therā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo ovadituṃ; āmisahetu therā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo ovadantī’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū evaṃ vakkhanti – ‘na bahukatā therā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo ovadituṃ; āmisahetu therā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo ovadantī’’’ti…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ vadetha – ‘na bahukatā therā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo ovadituṃ; āmisahetu therā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo ovadantī’’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, evaṃ vakkhatha – na bahukatā therā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo ovadituṃ; āmisahetu therā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo ovadantīti! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
165 若比丘这样说:「诸长老比丘是为了利养才教诫比丘尼的」,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘āmisahetu therā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo ovandatī’ti, pācittiya’’nti.
166 ‘比丘’一词,就是指像这样……在此意义上,所指的就是比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
为了衣服、为了食物、为了住所、为了病缘药资具、为了恭敬、为了尊重、为了敬意、为了礼拜、为了供养。显示巴利原文
ti cīvarahetu piṇḍapātahetu senāsanahetu gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu sakkārahetu garukārahetu mānanahetu vandanahetu pūjanahetu.
对于由僧团认可的教导比丘尼的比丘,如果有人想非难他、想毁他名誉、想让他难堪,而这样说:‘他是为了衣服、为了食物、为了住所、为了病缘药资具、为了恭敬、为了尊重、为了供养、为了礼拜、为了敬奉而教导。’这样说者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti upasampannaṃ saṅghena sammataṃ bhikkhunovādakaṃ avaṇṇaṃ kattukāmo ayasaṃ kattukāmo maṅkukattukāmo evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘cīvarahetu piṇḍapātahetu senāsanahetu gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu sakkārahetu garukārahetu mānanahetu vandanahetu pūjanahetu ovadatī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
167 在如法行事的情况下,认为‘这是如法的’而那样说,犯波逸提。在如法行事的情况下,心存犹疑而那样说,犯波逸提。在如法行事的情况下,认为‘这是非法的’而那样说,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññī evaṃ vadeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme vematiko evaṃ vadeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme adhammakammasaññī evaṃ vadeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
对于已受具足戒但未被僧团认可的教导比丘尼者,想非难他、想毁他名誉、想让他难堪,而这样说:‘他是为了衣服……为了敬奉而教导。’这样说者,犯恶作。对于未受具足戒者,无论僧团认可还是未认可他教导比丘尼,想非难他、想毁他名誉、想让他难堪,而这样说:‘他是为了衣服、为了食物、为了住所、为了病缘药资具、为了恭敬、为了尊重、为了供养、为了礼拜、为了敬奉而教导。’这样说者,犯恶作。在非法行事的情况下,认为‘这是如法的’,犯恶作;心存犹疑,犯恶作;认为‘这是非法的’,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Upasampannaṃ saṅghena asammataṃ bhikkhunovādakaṃ avaṇṇaṃ kattukāmo ayasaṃ kattukāmo maṅkukattukāmo evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘cīvarahetu…pe… pūjanahetu ovadatī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampannaṃ saṅghena sammataṃ vā asammataṃ vā bhikkhunovādakaṃ avaṇṇaṃ kattukāmo ayasaṃ kattukāmo maṅkukattukāmo evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘cīvarahetu piṇḍapātahetu senāsanahetu gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu sakkārahetu garukārahetu mānanahetu vandanahetu pūjanahetu ovadatī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
168 不犯的情况是:他本来就是为衣服、食物、住所、病缘药资具、恭敬、尊重、供养、礼拜、敬奉而教导,这样说时;精神失常者;最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti pakatiyā cīvarahetu piṇḍapātahetu senāsanahetu gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu sakkārahetu garukārahetu mānanahetu vandanahetu pūjanahetu ovadantaṃ bhaṇati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
5. 衣施学处显示巴利原文
5. Cīvaradānasikkhāpadaṃ
169 那时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,有位比丘在舍卫城某条巷子里乞食。也有位比丘尼在那条巷子里乞食。于是,那位比丘对那位比丘尼说:‘去吧,姐妹,那边有地方在施食。’那比丘尼也说:‘去吧,尊者,那边有地方在施食。’两人因为经常见面而熟识起来。那时,僧团正在分配衣。那位比丘尼前去接受教导后,来到那位比丘跟前,顶礼并站在一旁。比丘对站在一旁的比丘尼说:‘姐妹,这是我分到的衣,你愿意接受吗?’‘愿意,尊者,我的衣服都破旧了。’显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarissā visikhāya piṇḍāya carati. Aññatarāpi bhikkhunī tassā visikhāya piṇḍāya carati. Atha kho so bhikkhu taṃ bhikkhuniṃ etadavoca – ‘‘gaccha, bhagini, amukasmiṃ okāse bhikkhā diyyatī’’ti. Sāpi kho evamāha – ‘‘gacchāyya, amukasmiṃ okāse bhikkhā diyyatī’’ti. Te abhiṇhadassanena sandiṭṭhā ahesuṃ. Tena kho pana samayena saṅghassa cīvaraṃ bhājīyati. Atha kho sā bhikkhunī ovādaṃ gantvā yena so bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitaṃ kho taṃ bhikkhuniṃ so bhikkhu etadavoca – ‘‘ayaṃ me, bhagini, cīvarapaṭivīso ; sādiyissasī’’ti? ‘‘Āmāyya, dubbalacīvarāmhī’’ti.
当时,那位比丘把衣袍给了那位比丘尼。但他自己的衣袍却很单薄破旧。其他比丘就对他说:“贤友,你现在该为自己做件衣袍了。”于是,这位比丘就把事情的经过告诉了诸比丘。那些少欲知足的诸比丘……(中间省略)……对此感到不满,批评指责说:“比丘怎么能把衣袍给比丘尼呢?”……(中间省略)……(世尊问道:)“比丘,听说你真的把衣袍给了比丘尼,是真的吗?”他回答说:“是真的,世尊。”“那位比丘尼是你的亲属,还是非亲属?”“是非亲属,世尊。”“愚人!对非亲属,你既不知道什么是合适、什么是不合适,也不知道什么是有、什么是无。愚人!你怎么能把衣袍给非亲属的比丘尼呢!愚人!这既不能让未生信者生信……(中间省略)……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵此学处——”显示巴利原文
Atha kho so bhikkhu tassā bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ adāsi. Sopi kho bhikkhu dubbalacīvaro hoti. Bhikkhū taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘karohi dāni te, āvuso, cīvara’’nti . Atha kho so bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhu bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ dassatī’’ti…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ adāsī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Ñātikā te , bhikkhu, aññātikā’’ti? ‘‘Aññātikā, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Aññātako, moghapurisa, aññātikāya na jānāti patirūpaṃ vā appatirūpaṃ vā santaṃ vā asantaṃ vā. Kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ dassasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,把衣给与非亲属的比丘尼,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
那时,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
170 恰在那时,诸比丘因为有所忌讳,不肯给比丘尼们交换衣袍。比丘尼们就感到不满,批评指责说:“圣尊们怎么能不给我们交换衣袍呢!”诸比丘听到了这些比丘尼不满、批评和指责的声音。于是,这些比丘就把这件事禀告了世尊。当时,世尊以此因缘、以此事件为诸比丘作了一场法的开示,然后对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我准许你们把交换衣袍给这五种人:比丘、比丘尼、在学尼、沙马内拉、沙马内莉。诸比丘,我准许你们给这五种人交换衣袍。诸比丘,你们应当这样诵此学处——”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā bhikkhunīnaṃ pārivattakaṃ cīvaraṃ na denti. Bhikkhuniyo ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma ayyā amhākaṃ pārivattakaṃ cīvaraṃ na dassantī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ ujjhāyantīnaṃ khiyyantīnaṃ vipācentīnaṃ. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, pañcannaṃ pārivattakaṃ dātuṃ. Bhikkhussa, bhikkhuniyā, sikkhamānāya, sāmaṇerassa, sāmaṇeriyā – anujānāmi, bhikkhave, imesaṃ pañcannaṃ pārivattakaṃ dātuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
171 若比丘把衣给与非亲属的比丘尼,除了交换之外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ dadeyya, aññatra pārivattakā, pācittiya’’nti.
172 (关于)“某某样貌的……”(等等)……(中间省略)……在这里,这个含义中所指的,就是比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓“非亲属”,指的是从母亲这边或父亲这边追溯,直到第七代祖父辈,都没有任何血缘关联的人。显示巴利原文
nāma mātito vā pitito vā yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā asambaddhā.
所谓“比丘尼”,指的是在比丘和比丘尼两部僧团中都已受具足戒的人。显示巴利原文
nāma ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā.
六种衣料中的任一种,但不得小于可作净施的最小尺寸。显示巴利原文
nāma channaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ vikappanupagaṃ pacchimaṃ .
除了替换交换之外而给予,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā pārivattakaṃ deti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
173 对非亲族的比丘尼,心存非亲族想而给予衣服,除了替换交换之外,犯波逸提。对非亲族的比丘尼,心存疑虑而给予衣服,除了替换交换之外,犯波逸提。对非亲族的比丘尼,心存亲族想而给予衣服,除了替换交换之外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī cīvaraṃ deti, aññatra pārivattakā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Aññātikāya vematiko cīvaraṃ deti, aññatra pārivattakā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Aññātikāya ñātikasaññī cīvaraṃ deti, aññatra pārivattakā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
给一位单方受具足戒的比丘尼衣服,除了替换交换之外,犯恶作。对亲族的比丘尼,心存非亲族想,犯恶作。对亲族的比丘尼,心存疑虑,犯恶作。对亲族的比丘尼,心存亲族想,不犯。显示巴利原文
Ekato upasampannāya cīvaraṃ deti, aññatra pārivattakā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātikāya aññātikasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātikāya vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātikāya ñātikasaññī, anāpatti.
174 不犯的情况是:对亲族的比丘尼;以小的换大的或以大的换小的进行替换交换;比丘尼基于信赖而拿取;暂时性地拿取;给予衣服之外的其他资具;对在学法女;对沙弥尼;对精神失常者;对最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ñātikāya, pārivattakaṃ parittena vā vipulaṃ, vipulena vā parittaṃ, bhikkhunī vissāsaṃ gaṇhāti, tāvakālikaṃ gaṇhāti, cīvaraṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ parikkhāraṃ deti, sikkhamānāya, sāmaṇeriyā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
6. 衣缝学处显示巴利原文
6. Cīvarasibbanasikkhāpadaṃ
175 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,具寿优陀夷擅长做衣服。有一位比丘尼去到具寿优陀夷那里,到了之后对具寿优陀夷说:‘尊者,请您帮我缝衣服吧。’于是,具寿优陀夷为那位比丘尼缝了衣服,染成漂亮的颜色,做得非常精致,然后在衣服中间画上了交媾图,折叠好放在一边。然后那位比丘尼又来到具寿优陀夷那里,到了之后对具寿优陀夷说:‘尊者,那件衣服在哪里呢?’‘喂,姐妹,你把这件衣服就这样叠着带回去收好,等到比丘尼僧团来接受教诫时,你再穿上这件衣服,跟在比丘尼僧团的后面走。’于是那位比丘尼就这样叠着带回去收好,等到比丘尼僧团来接受教诫时,她就穿上那件衣服,跟在比丘尼僧团的后面走。人们讥嫌、批评、指责说:‘这些比丘尼真是残废、无赖、无耻,竟然在衣服上画交媾图!’显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā udāyī paṭṭo hoti cīvarakammaṃ kātuṃ. Aññatarā bhikkhunī yenāyasmā udāyī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu me, bhante, ayyo cīvaraṃ sibbatū’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā udāyī tassā bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ sibbitvā surattaṃ suparikammakataṃ katvā majjhe paṭibhānacittaṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā saṃharitvā nikkhipi. Atha kho sā bhikkhunī yenāyasmā udāyī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kahaṃ taṃ, bhante, cīvara’’nti? ‘‘Handa, bhagini , imaṃ cīvaraṃ yathāsaṃhaṭaṃ haritvā nikkhipitvā yadā bhikkhunisaṅgho ovādaṃ āgacchati tadā imaṃ cīvaraṃ pārupitvā bhikkhunisaṅghassa piṭṭhito piṭṭhito āgacchā’’ti. Atha kho sā bhikkhunī taṃ cīvaraṃ yathāsaṃhaṭaṃ haritvā nikkhipitvā yadā bhikkhunisaṅgho ovādaṃ āgacchati tadā taṃ cīvaraṃ pārupitvā bhikkhunisaṅghassa piṭṭhito piṭṭhito āgacchati. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘yāva chinnikā imā bhikkhuniyo dhuttikā ahirikāyo, yatra hi nāma cīvare paṭibhānacittaṃ vuṭṭhāpessantī’’ti!
比丘尼们问:‘这是谁做的?’‘是具寿优陀夷。’‘即使是那些残废、无赖、无耻的人,这种东西对他们都不合适,更何况是具寿优陀夷呢!’于是那些比丘尼把这件事告诉了诸比丘。那些少欲的诸比丘……讥嫌、批评、指责说:‘具寿优陀夷怎么可以为比丘尼缝衣服呢?’……‘优陀夷,你真的为比丘尼缝衣服了吗?’‘是的,世尊。’‘优陀夷,她是你的亲族,还是非亲族?’‘非亲族,世尊。’‘愚痴人,非亲族的比丘尼并不会知道什么是适当、什么是不适当,什么是端庄、什么是不端庄。愚痴人,你怎么能为非亲族的比丘尼缝衣服呢!愚痴人,这不能令未生信者生信……诸比丘,应当这样诵此学处——显示巴利原文
Bhikkhuniyo evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘kassidaṃ kamma’’nti? ‘‘Ayyassa udāyissā’’ti. ‘‘Yepi te chinnakā dhuttakā ahirikā tesampi evarūpaṃ na sobheyya, kiṃ pana ayyassa udāyissā’’ti! Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā udāyī bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ sibbissatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, udāyi, bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ sibbasī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Ñātikā te, udāyi, aññātikā’’ti? ‘‘Aññātikā, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Aññātako, moghapurisa, aññātikāya na jānāti patirūpaṃ vā appatirūpaṃ vā pāsādikaṃ vā apāsādikaṃ vā. Kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ sibbissasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
176 若比丘为非亲属的比丘尼缝衣(或令人缝),犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā cīvaraṃ sibbeyya vā sibbāpeyya vā, pācittiya’’nti.
177 所谓“比丘”……是指在这层意义上所理解的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓“非亲属”:指从母亲这边或父亲这边往上追溯,直到第七代祖父辈,都没有亲属关系。显示巴利原文
nāma mātito vā pitito vā yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā asambaddhā.
所谓“非亲好比丘尼”:指在双方僧团中都受了具足戒的比丘尼。显示巴利原文
nāma ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā.
所谓“衣服”:指六种衣中的任何一种衣。显示巴利原文
nāma channaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ.
如果他亲自缝制,每缝一针,就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti sayaṃ sibbati ārāpathe ārāpathe āpatti pācittiyassa.
如果他指使别人缝制,犯波逸提。被指使一次,即使缝了很多针,也犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti aññaṃ āṇāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Sakiṃ āṇatto bahukampi sibbati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
178 对非亲好比丘尼,心里知道是非亲好,而亲自缝衣或指使别人缝衣,犯波逸提。对非亲好比丘尼,心里有疑虑,而亲自缝衣或指使别人缝衣,犯波逸提。对非亲好比丘尼,心里误认为是亲好,而亲自缝衣或指使别人缝衣,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī cīvaraṃ sibbati vā sibbāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Aññātikāya vematiko cīvaraṃ sibbati vā sibbāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Aññātikāya ñātikasaññī cīvaraṃ sibbati vā sibbāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
为仅在一边僧团受具足戒的女人缝衣或指使别人缝衣,犯恶作。对亲好比丘尼,心里认为是非亲好,犯恶作。对亲好比丘尼,心里有疑虑,犯恶作。对亲好比丘尼,心里知道是亲好,不犯。显示巴利原文
Ekatoupasampannāya cīvaraṃ sibbati vā sibbāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātikāya aññātikasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātikāya vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātikāya ñātikasaññī, anāpatti.
179 以下情况不犯:为亲属;缝制或令人缝制袈裟以外的其他资具;为在学尼;为沙马内莉;精神失常者;最初犯行者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ñātikāya, cīvaraṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ parikkhāraṃ sibbati vā sibbāpeti vā, sikkhamānāya, sāmaṇeriyā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
7. 预约学处显示巴利原文
7. Saṃvidhānasikkhāpadaṃ
180 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,六群比丘与比丘尼们约好,同行一条远路。人们讥嫌、批评、指责道:“就像我们这些有妻子的人一起游逛一样,这些释迦子沙门也与比丘尼们约好一起游逛!”那些比丘们听到了那些人的讥嫌、批评、指责。那些少欲的诸比丘……讥嫌、批评、指责道:“六群比丘怎么可以与比丘尼们约好,同行一条远路呢?”……“诸比丘,你们真的与比丘尼们约好,同行一条远路吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道……“你们这些愚人,怎么可以与比丘尼们约好,同行一条远路呢!愚人们,这不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵此学处:显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjanti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘yatheva mayaṃ sapajāpatikā āhiṇḍāma, evamevime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya āhiṇḍantī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjissantī’’ti…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjathā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjissatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha.
任何比丘,与比丘尼相约同行远路者,即使只是到邻近的村庄,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
那时,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
181 那时,众多比丘与比丘尼们正走在从娑鸡多前往舍卫城的远路上。那时,那些比丘尼对诸比丘这样说:“我们也想和圣尊们一起走。”诸比丘说:“姐妹,不可以与比丘尼约好同行一条远路。你们要么先走,要么我们走。”比丘尼们说:“圣尊们是上等人士。还是请圣尊们先走吧。”于是,那些比丘尼在后面走,在半路上遇到了强盗,被抢劫和侵犯。那些比丘尼到了舍卫城后,把这件事禀告了比丘尼们。比丘尼们把这件事禀告了诸比丘。诸比丘把这件事禀告了世尊。于是,世尊以此因缘、以此事件,作了法语开示后,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我允许在视为有危险、有恐怖、需结队而行的道路上,与比丘尼约好同行一条远路。诸比丘,你们应当这样诵此学处:显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū ca bhikkhuniyo ca sāketā sāvatthiṃ addhānamaggappaṭipannā honti. Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo te bhikkhū etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mayampi ayyehi saddhiṃ gamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Na, bhaginī, kappati bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjituṃ. Tumhe vā paṭhamaṃ gacchatha mayaṃ vā gamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Ayyā, bhante, aggapurisā. Ayyāva paṭhamaṃ gacchantū’’ti. Atha kho tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ pacchā gacchantīnaṃ antarāmagge corā acchindiṃsu ca dūsesuñca. Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo sāvatthiṃ gantvā bhikkhunīnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Bhikkhuniyo bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, satthagamanīye magge sāsaṅkasammate sappaṭibhaye bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
182 任何比丘,与比丘尼相约同行远路者,即使只是到邻近的村庄,除适当因缘外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjeyya, antamaso gāmantarampi, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṃ. Tatthāyaṃ samayo. Satthagamanīyo hoti maggo sāsaṅkasammato sappaṭibhayo – ayaṃ tattha samayo’’ti.
183 凡是任何样子的……这个……在这里,比丘就是指这个意思。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
名为在两个僧团中受具足戒者。显示巴利原文
nāma ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā.
(这就是)'一起'的意思。显示巴利原文
nti ekato.
所谓约定,即像这样说:“我们走吧,姊妹;我们走吧,圣者;我们走吧,圣者;我们走吧,姊妹;今天、明天或后天我们一起走吧。”这样约定者,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
ti – ‘‘gacchāma, bhagini, gacchāmāyya; gacchāmāyya, gacchāma, bhagini; ajja vā hiyyo vā pare vā gacchāmā’’ti saṃvidahati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
在公鸡能飞越的村庄范围内,每越过一村之间又一村之间,犯波逸提。在没有村的旷野中,每半由旬又半由旬,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti kukkuṭasampāte gāme, gāmantare gāmantare āpatti pācittiyassa. Agāmake araññe, addhayojane addhayojane āpatti pācittiyassa.
除非有适当的因缘。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā samayaṃ.
所谓适当的因缘,是指那条路不跟随商队便无法行走。显示巴利原文
nāma maggo na sakkā hoti vinā satthena gantuṃ.
在那条路上,可见盗贼驻扎之处,可见他们吃喝之处,可见他们站立之处,可见他们坐下之处,可见他们躺卧之处。显示巴利原文
nāma tasmiṃ magge corānaṃ niviṭṭhokāso dissati, bhuttokāso dissati, ṭhitokāso dissati, nisinnokāso dissati, nipannokāso dissati.
在那条路上,可见有人被贼杀害,有人被贼掠夺,有人被贼殴打。应从有恐怖处走到无恐怖处,显示已无恐怖后,再遣她们离开,说:“姊妹们,走吧。”显示巴利原文
nāma tasmiṃ magge corehi manussā hatā dissanti, viluttā dissanti, ākoṭitā dissanti, sappaṭibhayaṃ gantvā appaṭibhayaṃ dassetvā uyyojetabbā – ‘‘gacchatha bhaginiyo’’ti.
184 若已作了约定,且他确实知道已约定,然后走上同一条道路,哪怕只经过一村之隔,除非有适当的因缘,犯波逸提。若已作了约定,而他心有疑惑,走上同一条道路,哪怕只经过一村之隔,除非因缘,犯波逸提。若已作了约定,但他认为没有约定,走上同一条道路,哪怕只经过一村之隔,除非因缘,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Saṃvidahite saṃvidahitasaññī ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjati, antamaso gāmantarampi, aññatra samayā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Saṃvidahite vematiko ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjati, antamaso gāmantarampi, aññatra samayā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Saṃvidahite, asaṃvidahitasaññī ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjati, antamaso gāmantarampi, aññatra samayā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
比丘事先约定而比丘尼未事先约定,犯恶作。未事先约定而以为事先约定,犯恶作。未事先约定而心有疑惑,犯恶作。未事先约定而知道未事先约定,不犯。显示巴利原文
Bhikkhu saṃvidahati bhikkhunī na saṃvidahati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Asaṃvidahite saṃvidahitasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Asaṃvidahite vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Asaṃvidahite asaṃvidahitasaññī, anāpatti.
185 不犯的情况:在适当的时机、未事先约定而走、比丘尼事先约定而比丘未事先约定、因意外情况而同行、遭遇危难时、精神失常者、最初的犯行者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti samaye, asaṃvidahitvā gacchati, bhikkhunī saṃvidahati , bhikkhu na saṃvidahati, visaṅketena gacchanti, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
8. 船乘学处显示巴利原文
8. Nāvābhiruhanasikkhāpadaṃ
186 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,六群比丘与比丘尼们事先约定,共乘同一条船。人们对此讥嫌、批评、非议说:“就像我们这些带着妻子的人在船上玩乐一样,这些释迦子沙门也和比丘尼们事先约好,在船上玩乐!”那些比丘听到了那些人们的讥嫌、批评和非议。那些少欲知足的诸比丘也对此讥嫌、批评、非议说:“六群比丘怎么能和比丘尼们事先约定,共乘同一条船呢?”……世尊问:“诸比丘,听说你们真的和比丘尼们事先约定,共乘同一条船了吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责他们说:“你们这些愚痴人,怎么能和比丘尼们事先约定,共乘同一条船呢!愚痴人啊,这既不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,应当这样诵此学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaṃ nāvaṃ abhiruhanti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘yatheva mayaṃ sapajāpatikā nāvāya kīḷāma, evamevime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya nāvāya kīḷantī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaṃ nāvaṃ abhiruhissantī’’ti…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaṃ nāvaṃ abhiruhathā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaṃ nāvaṃ abhiruhissatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,与比丘尼相约后,同乘一条船往上游或下游者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
世尊就这样为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
187 那时,有许多比丘和比丘尼从娑鸡多城出发,走在前往舍卫城的路上。途中必须渡过一条河。于是,那些比丘尼对诸比丘说:“尊者,我们也想和您们一起渡河。”诸比丘回答:“姐妹,和比丘尼事先约定共乘一条船是不许可的。要么你们先渡,要么我们先渡。”“尊者们,您们是人中最尊贵者,请您们先渡吧。”于是,诸比丘先渡了。随后渡河的那些比丘尼,被强盗抢掠并侮辱了。那些比丘尼到了舍卫城后,将这件事禀告了比丘尼们。比丘尼们将这件事告诉了诸比丘。诸比丘将这件事禀告了世尊。于是,世尊以此因缘、以此事件,作法说后,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我允许和比丘尼事先约定,共乘同一条船横渡。诸比丘,应当这样诵此学处——显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū ca bhikkhuniyo ca sāketā sāvatthiṃ addhānamaggappaṭipannā honti. Antarāmagge nadī taritabbā hoti. Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo te bhikkhū etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mayampi ayyehi saddhiṃ uttarissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Na, bhaginī, kappati bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaṃ nāvaṃ abhiruhituṃ; tumhe vā paṭhamaṃ uttaratha mayaṃ vā uttarissāmā’’ti . ‘‘Ayyā, bhante, aggapurisā. Ayyāva paṭhamaṃ uttarantū’’ti. Atha kho tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ pacchā uttarantīnaṃ corā acchindiṃsu ca dūsesuñca . Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo sāvatthiṃ gantvā bhikkhunīnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Bhikkhuniyo bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tiriyaṃ taraṇāya bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaṃ nāvaṃ abhiruhituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
188 任何比丘,与比丘尼约定后,除非为了渡河,而乘船往上游或下游者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaṃ nāvaṃ abhiruheyya uddhaṃgāminiṃ vā adhogāminiṃ vā, aññatra tiriyaṃ taraṇāya, pācittiya’’nti.
189 ……此处所谓比丘,即指任何这样的比丘……显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓‘在两部僧中受具足戒者’。显示巴利原文
nāma ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā .
——‘一起’的意思。显示巴利原文
nti ekato.
约定说:‘我们上船吧,姐妹;我们上船吧,尊者;尊者,我们上船吧;姐妹,我们上船吧;今天或昨天或后天,我们上船吧’,如此约定者,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
ti ‘‘abhiruhāma, bhagini, abhiruhāmāyya; abhiruhāmāyya, abhiruhāma, bhagini; ajja vā hiyyo vā pare vā abhiruhāmā’’ti saṃvidahati āpatti dukkaṭassa.
当比丘尼已上船后,比丘上船,犯波逸提。当比丘已上船后,比丘尼上船,犯波逸提。或者两人同时上船,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Bhikkhuniyā abhiruḷhe bhikkhu abhiruhati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Bhikkhumhi abhiruḷhe bhikkhunī abhiruhati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ubho vā abhiruhanti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
——‘逆流而上’的意思。显示巴利原文
nti ujjavanikāya.
——‘顺流而下’的意思。显示巴利原文
nti ojavanikāya.
——除了横渡之外。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā tiriyaṃ taraṇaṃ.
在鸡能飞及的村庄范围内,每经过一个村与村之间的区域,犯波逸提。在没有村庄的旷野中,每行进半由旬,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Kukkuṭasampāte gāme, gāmantare gāmantare āpatti pācittiyassa. Agāmake araññe, aḍḍhayojane aḍḍhayojane āpatti pācittiyassa.
190 在已有约定的情况下,且认为是约定好的,共同登上同一艘船,无论向上游走还是向下游走——除非是为了横渡到对岸——犯波逸提。如果已有约定,但心有疑虑,共同登上同一艘船,无论向上游走还是向下游走——除非是为了横渡到对岸——犯波逸提。如果已有约定,却认为没有约定,共同登上同一艘船,无论向上游走还是向下游走——除非是为了横渡到对岸——犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Saṃvidahite saṃvidahitasaññī ekaṃ nāvaṃ abhiruhati uddhaṃgāminiṃ vā adhogāminiṃ vā, aññatra tiriyaṃ taraṇāya , āpatti pācittiyassa. Saṃvidahite vematiko ekaṃ nāvaṃ abhiruhati uddhaṃgāminiṃ vā adhogāminiṃ vā, aññatra tiriyaṃ taraṇāya, āpatti pācittiyassa. Saṃvidahite asaṃvidahitasaññī ekaṃ nāvaṃ abhiruhati uddhaṃgāminiṃ vā adhogāminiṃ vā, aññatra tiriyaṃ taraṇāya, āpatti pācittiyassa.
比丘作了约定,比丘尼未作约定,犯恶作。与未约定好的人一起,却认为已经约定好,犯恶作。与未约定好的人一起,心有疑虑,犯恶作。与未约定好的人一起,且认识到没有约定,不犯。显示巴利原文
Bhikkhu saṃvidahati, bhikkhunī na saṃvidahati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Asaṃvidahite saṃvidahitasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Asaṃvidahite vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Asaṃvidahite, asaṃvidahitasaññī, anāpatti.
191 不犯的情况:为了横渡到对岸;在没有约定的情况下登上船;比丘尼作了约定,但比丘未作约定;因误会而登上船;在意外灾难时;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti tiriyaṃ taraṇāya, asaṃvidahitvā abhiruhanti, bhikkhunī saṃvidahati, bhikkhu na saṃvidahati, visaṅketena abhiruhanti, āpadāsu ummattakassa, ādikammissāti.
9. 教唆学处显示巴利原文
9. Paripācitasikkhāpadaṃ
192 那时,佛陀世尊住在王舍城竹林松鼠园。那时,偷兰难陀比丘尼是某户人家的家庭善友,受供常食。那家的家主已经邀请了上座诸比丘。当时,偷兰难陀比丘尼在午前时分穿好下裳,拿着钵和衣,前往那户人家。到了之后,她对那位家主说:“居士,怎么准备了这么多嚼食和啖食呢?” “圣尼,我邀请了上座们。” “居士,你邀请的是哪些上座呢?” “圣者舍利弗、圣者大目犍连、圣者大迦旃延、圣者大拘𫄨罗、圣者大迦宾那、圣者大纯陀、圣者阿那律、圣者离婆多、圣者优波离、圣者阿难、圣者罗睺罗。” “居士,放着这些大龙象不请,你怎么请些小厮呢?”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena thullanandā bhikkhunī aññatarassa kulassa kulūpikā hoti niccabhattikā. Tena ca gahapatinā therā bhikkhū nimantitā honti. Atha kho thullanandā bhikkhunī pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena taṃ kulaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ gahapatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kimidaṃ, gahapati, pahūtaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyatta’’nti? ‘‘Therā mayā, ayye, nimantitā’’ti. ‘‘Ke pana te, gahapati, therā’’ti? ‘‘Ayyo sāriputto ayyo mahāmoggallāno ayyo mahākaccāno ayyo mahākoṭṭhiko ayyo mahākappino ayyo mahācundo ayyo anuruddho ayyo revato ayyo upāli ayyo ānando ayyo rāhulo’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, gahapati, mahānāge tiṭṭhamāne ceṭake nimantesī’’ti?
“圣尼,那谁是您说的大龙象呢?” “圣者提婆达多、圣者果咖离咖、圣者咖塔莫达咖提萨咖、圣者堪达德薇亚的儿子、圣者萨姆达达陀。” 偷兰难陀比丘尼的这番话还没说完,那些上座诸比丘就进来了。 “居士,看来你确实请的是些大龙象啊。” “圣尼,你刚才还说他们是小厮,现在又称大龙象了?”于是把偷兰难陀赶出家门,并断绝了常食供养。那些少欲知足的诸比丘讥嫌、批评、指责说:“提婆达多怎么能明知是由比丘尼教唆的食物,还去吃呢?”…… “提婆达多,你真的明知是由比丘尼教唆的食物,还去吃了吗?” “真的,世尊。” 佛陀世尊呵责说:“愚人啊,你怎么能明知是由比丘尼教唆的食物,还去吃呢?愚人啊,这不能令未生信者生信……” “诸比丘,应当这样诵此学处:显示巴利原文
‘‘Ke pana te, ayye, mahānāgā’’ti? ‘‘Ayyo devadatto ayyo kokāliko ayyo kaṭamodakatissako ayyo khaṇḍadeviyā putto ayyo samuddadatto’’ti. Ayaṃ carahi thullanandāya bhikkhuniyā antarā kathā vippakatā, atha te therā bhikkhū pavisiṃsu. ‘‘Saccaṃ mahānāgā kho tayā, gahapati, nimantitā’’ti. ‘‘Idāneva kho tvaṃ, ayye, ceṭake akāsi; idāni mahānāge’’ti. Gharato ca nikkaḍḍhi, niccabhattañca pacchindi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma devadatto jānaṃ bhikkhuniparipācitaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjissatī’’ti…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, devadatta, jānaṃ bhikkhuniparipācitaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjasī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, jānaṃ bhikkhuniparipācitaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjissasi. Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,明知是比丘尼促请而供的食物而食用者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
193 那时,有一位在王舍城出家的比丘前往亲戚家。人们说:“尊者好久才回来一次!”于是恭敬地准备了饭菜。那户人家的家庭善友比丘尼对那些人说:“居士们,请给尊者提供饭菜吧。” 那时,那位比丘心想:“世尊禁止明知是由比丘尼教唆的食物而去吃。” 因为疑虑,他便没有接受。他因此无法去乞食,结果断了食。那位比丘回到寺院后,将这件事告诉其他比丘。诸比丘将此事禀告世尊。于是,世尊以此因缘,在此事件中开示法义之后,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,如果在家居士先前已经发起准备,在这种情况下,我允许你们明知是由比丘尼教唆的食物而去吃。那么,诸比丘,应当这样诵此学处:显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu rājagahā pabbajito ñātikulaṃ agamāsi. Manussā – ‘‘cirassampi bhadanto āgato’’ti sakkaccaṃ bhattaṃ akaṃsu. Tassa kulassa kulūpikā bhikkhunī te manusse etadavoca – ‘‘dethayyassa, āvuso, bhatta’’nti. Atha kho so bhikkhu – ‘‘bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṃ jānaṃ bhikkhuniparipācitaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitu’’nti kukkuccāyanto na paṭiggahesi. Nāsakkhi piṇḍāya carituṃ, chinnabhatto ahosi. Atha kho so bhikkhu ārāmaṃ gantvā bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, pubbe gihisamārambhe jānaṃ bhikkhuniparipācitaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
194 任何比丘,明知是比丘尼促请而供的食物而食用者,除非施主原本已有意准备,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṃ bhikkhuniparipācitaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjeyya, aññatra pubbe gihisamārambhā, pācittiya’’nti.
195 所谓“无论什么样的……乃至……”,此即是在此意义下所指的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
意思是:自己知晓,或他人告诉他,或她告知他。显示巴利原文
nāma sāmaṃ vā jānāti aññe vā tassa ārocenti sā vā āroceti.
意思是:在两部僧团中受了具足戒者。显示巴利原文
nāma ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā.
意思是:对于先前不愿施与、不愿做事的人,这样说道:“这位尊者是诵经者,这位尊者是博学者,这位尊者是经师,这位尊者是持律者,这位尊者是说法者,请布施给这位尊者,请为这位尊者服务。”这称为劝诱。显示巴利原文
nāma pubbe adātukāmānaṃ akattukāmānaṃ – ‘‘ayyo bhāṇako, ayyo bahussuto, ayyo suttantiko, ayyo vinayadharo, ayyo dhammakathiko, detha ayyassa, karotha ayyassā’’ti esā paripāceti nāma.
意思是:五种食物中的任何一种食物。显示巴利原文
nāma pañcannaṃ bhojanānaṃ aññataraṃ bhojanaṃ.
除了在家人所做的准备。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā gihisamārambhaṃ.
意思是:或是亲戚,或是受邀请者,或是平常预先准备的食物。显示巴利原文
nāma ñātakā vā honti pavāritā vā pakatipaṭiyattaṃ vā.
除了事先由在家人发心的情况外,他若接受,犯恶作。每一口吞咽,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Aññatra pubbe gihisamārambhā bhuñjissāmīti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre, āpatti pācittiyassa.
196 对由比丘尼劝请而备的食物有此想而食用,除了事先由在家人发心的情况外,犯波逸提。对由比丘尼劝请而备的食物有疑想而食用,除了事先由在家人发心的情况外,犯恶作。对由比丘尼劝请而备的食物误以为非由比丘尼劝请而食用,除了事先由在家人发心的情况外,不犯。食用由一位仅一边受具足戒者劝请而备的食物,除了事先由在家人发心的情况外,犯恶作。对并非由比丘尼劝请而备的食物误以为是由比丘尼劝请,犯恶作。对并非由比丘尼劝请而备的食物有疑想,犯恶作。对并非由比丘尼劝请而备的食物无此想,不犯。显示巴利原文
Paripācite paripācitasaññī bhuñjati, aññatra pubbe gihisamārambhā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Paripācite vematiko bhuñjati, aññatra pubbe gihisamārambhā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Paripācite aparipācitasaññī bhuñjati, aññatra pubbe gihisamārambhā, anāpatti. Ekatoupasampannāya paripācitaṃ bhuñjati, aññatra pubbe gihisamārambhā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aparipācite paripācitasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aparipācitte vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aparipācite aparipācitasaññī, anāpatti.
197 不犯的情况如下:事先由在家人发心;学法女烹调;沙马内莉烹调;除了五种主食外,一切情况不犯;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti pubbe gihisamārambhe, sikkhamānā paripāceti, sāmaṇerī paripāceti, pañca bhojanāni ṭhapetvā sabbattha anāpatti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
10. 独坐学处显示巴利原文
10. Rahonisajjasikkhāpadaṃ
198 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,具寿优陀夷的前妻在比丘尼中出家了。她频繁地到具寿优陀夷跟前去,具寿优陀夷也频繁地到那位比丘尼跟前去。那时,具寿优陀夷与那位比丘尼,一男一女,在隐秘处共同坐下。那些少欲的诸比丘……(中略)……讥嫌、批评、指责道:“具寿优陀夷怎么能和比丘尼一男一女在隐秘处共同坐下呢?”……(中略)……“优陀夷,你真的和比丘尼一男一女在隐秘处共同坐下了吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道……(中略)……“你这愚人!怎么能和比丘尼一男一女在隐秘处共同坐下呢!愚人,这既不能让未生信者生信……(中略)……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵此学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato udāyissa purāṇadutiyikā bhikkhunīsu pabbajitā hoti. Sā āyasmato udāyissa santike abhikkhaṇaṃ āgacchati, āyasmāpi udāyī tassā bhikkhuniyā santike abhikkhaṇaṃ gacchati. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā udāyī tassā bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṃ kappesi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā udāyī bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṃ kappessatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, udāyi, bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṃ kappesīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṃ kappessasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
199 若比丘与比丘尼一对一在屏蔽隐密处共坐,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṃ kappeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
200 凡是如此这般者……(中略)……此处于此义所指者,即是比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
名为于两众中达上者。显示巴利原文
nāma ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā .
称为既是比丘又是比丘尼。显示巴利原文
ti bhikkhu ceva hoti bhikkhunī ca.
有眼隐秘与耳隐秘。所谓眼隐秘,是指在挖眼、抬眉或抬头时,无法看见;所谓耳隐秘,是指无法听到正常说话的声音。显示巴利原文
nāma cakkhussa raho sotassa raho. Cakkhussa raho nāma na sakkā hoti akkhiṃ vā nikhaṇīyamāne bhamukaṃ vā ukkhipīyamāne sīsaṃ vā ukkhipīyamāne passituṃ. Sotassa raho nāma na sakkā hoti pakatikathā sotuṃ.
比丘尼坐着时,若比丘在她身边坐着,或者紧挨坐着,或者紧挨躺着,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti bhikkhuniyā nisinnāya bhikkhu upanisinno vā hoti upanipanno vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
比丘坐着时,若比丘尼在他近旁坐着,或者近旁躺着,犯波逸提。若两人都坐着,或两人都躺着,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Bhikkhu nisinne bhikkhunī upanisinnā vā hoti upanipannā vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ubho vā nisinnā honti ubho vā nipannā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
201 在隐秘处,认为在隐秘处,一个男人与一个女人共同坐下,犯波逸提。在隐秘处,心有疑虑,一个男人与一个女人共同坐下,犯波逸提。在隐秘处,认为不在隐秘处,一个男人与一个女人共同坐下,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Raho rahosaññī eko ekāya nisajjaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Raho vematiko eko ekāya nisajjaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Raho arahosaññī eko ekāya nisajjaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
不在隐秘处,却认为在隐秘处,犯恶作。不在隐秘处,心有疑虑,犯恶作。不在隐秘处,认为不在隐秘处,不犯戒。显示巴利原文
Araho rahosaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Araho vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Araho arahosaññī, anāpatti.
202 不犯戒的情况如下:有任何一个有智识的人作为第三者在场;站着而不坐下;并非寻求隐秘处;因其他事务而坐;精神失常者;最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti yo koci viññū dutiyo hoti, tiṭṭhati na nisīdati, arahopekkho, aññavihito nisīdati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
不被认可、日落、见施食;
要缝制远路、船,能享用。一人对一人,你的十种,如此等等。
显示巴利原文 Asammataatthaṅgatū , passayāmisadānena; Sibbati addhānaṃ nāvaṃ bhuñjeyya, eko ekāya te dasāti.
4. 食物品显示巴利原文
4. Bhojanavaggo
1. 住处食学处显示巴利原文
1. Āvasathapiṇḍasikkhāpadaṃ
203 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,在离舍卫城不远处,有个特定团体的施食处被安排了。六群比丘在午前时分,穿好下衣,拿着钵和衣,进入舍卫城乞食。没得到食物,他们就去了那施食处。人们说:'各位尊者,好久不见了!'然后恭敬地供养了他们。接着,六群比丘第二天……乃至……第三天,又在午前时分,穿好下衣,拿着钵和衣,进入舍卫城乞食。没得到食物,就又去了施食处用餐。这时,六群比丘心里想:'我们还回寺院干什么!昨天也是在这里,明天也还是要来这里的。'于是,他们就一再地留宿在那里,一再地吃施食处的食物。其他外道修行者因此离开了。人们讥嫌、批评、抱怨说:'这些释迦族的沙门怎么可以一再地留宿,反复吃施食处的食物!这施食不是只为他们而设,是为了所有人而设的呀!'显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sāvatthiyā avidūre aññatarassa pūgassa āvasathapiṇḍo paññatto hoti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pavisitvā piṇḍaṃ alabhamānā āvasathaṃ agamaṃsu. Manussā – ‘‘cirassampi bhadantā āgatā’’ti te sakkaccaṃ parivisiṃsu. Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū dutiyampi divasaṃ…pe… tatiyampi divasaṃ pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pavisitvā piṇḍaṃ alabhamānā āvasathaṃ gantvā bhuñjiṃsu. Atha kho chabbaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kiṃ mayaṃ karissāma ārāmaṃ gantvā! Hiyyopi idheva āgantabbaṃ bhavissatī’’ti, tattheva anuvasitvā anuvasitvā āvasathapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjanti. Titthiyā apasakkanti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā anuvasitvā anuvasitvā āvasathapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjissanti! Nayimesaññeva āvasathapiṇḍo paññatto; sabbesaññeva āvasathapiṇḍo paññatto’’ti.
那些比丘听到了这些人的讥嫌、批评和抱怨。那些少欲知足的诸比丘……也讥嫌、批评、抱怨说:'六群比丘怎么可以一再地留宿,反复吃施食处的食物呢?'……世尊问:'诸比丘,你们是真的这样一再地留宿,反复吃施食处的食物吗?'他们答:'是真的,世尊。'佛陀世尊呵责了他们……说:'你们这些无用的家伙,怎么能一再地留宿,反复吃施食处的食物!无用的家伙,这不能使未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应该这样诵习这条学处:显示巴利原文
Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū anuvasitvā anuvasitvā āvasathapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjissantīti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, anuvasitvā anuvasitvā āvasathapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjathāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, anuvasitvā anuvasitvā āvasathapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjissatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
这是世尊为诸比丘制定的学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
204 那时,具寿舍利弗在憍萨罗国游行,前往舍卫城,顺路来到某个施食处。人们说:'长老好久不见了!'于是恭敬地供养了他。当时,具寿舍利弗吃完后,患了严重的疾病,无法离开那个施食处。接着,那些人在第二天对具寿舍利弗说:'尊者,请用餐吧。'那时,具寿舍利弗心想:'世尊已经禁止了“一再留宿,反复吃施食处的食物”。'他因此感到疑虑,没有接受,结果断了食。后来,具寿舍利弗到了舍卫城,将这件事告诉了诸比丘。诸比丘又将此事禀告了世尊。当时,世尊以此因缘、以此事由,作了佛法开示后,对诸比丘说:'诸比丘,我允许生病的比丘可以一再留宿,反复吃施食处的食物。诸比丘,你们应该这样诵习这条学处:显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā sāriputto kosalesu janapade sāvatthiṃ gacchanto yena aññataro āvasatho tenupasaṅkami. Manussā – ‘‘cirassampi thero āgato’’ti sakkaccaṃ parivisiṃsu. Atha kho āyasmato sāriputtassa bhuttāvissa kharo ābādho uppajji, nāsakkhi tamhā āvasathā pakkamituṃ. Atha kho te manussā dutiyampi divasaṃ āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘bhuñjatha, bhante’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto – ‘‘bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṃ anuvasitvā anuvasitvā āvasathapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjitu’’nti kukkuccāyanto na paṭiggahesi; chinnabhatto ahosi. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāvatthiṃ gantvā bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānena bhikkhunā anuvasitvā anuvasitvā āvasathapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
205 无病的比丘只可在(公共)施食处取食一次;若超过此而再取,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Agilānena bhikkhunā eko āvasathapiṇḍo bhuñjitabbo. Tato ce uttari bhuñjeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
206 (他)能够离开那个住所。显示巴利原文
nāma sakkoti tamhā āvasathā pakkamituṃ.
(他)不能够离开那个住所。显示巴利原文
nāma na sakkoti tamhā āvasathā pakkamituṃ.
五种食物中的任何一种食物,被施设在食堂、或在棚舍、或在树下、或在露天空旷处,不指定对象、随其所欲地提供。无病的比丘应只食用一次。若他此后又想食用而接受,犯恶作。每一口吞咽,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nāma pañcannaṃ bhojanānaṃ aññataraṃ bhojanaṃ – sālāya vā maṇḍape vā rukkhamūle vā ajjhokāse vā anodissa yāvadattho paññatto hoti. Agilānena bhikkhunā sakiṃ bhuñjitabbo. Tato ce uttari ‘bhuñjissāmī’ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.
207 无病者,有“无病”想,超量食用住处施食,犯波逸提。无病者,心有疑惑,超量食用住处施食,犯波逸提。无病者,有“有病”想,超量食用住处施食,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Agilāno agilānasaññī tatuttari āvasathapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Agilāno vematiko tatuttari āvasathapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Agilāno gilānasaññī tatuttariṃ āvasathapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
有病者,有“无病”想,犯恶作。有病者,心有疑惑,犯恶作。有病者,有“有病”想,无犯。显示巴利原文
Gilāno agilānasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Gilāno vematiko āpatti dukkaṭassa. Gilāno gilānasaññī, anāpatti.
208 无犯的情况:有病者;无病者只食用一次;正在赶路或正在返回时食用;施主们邀请后供养食物;食物被指定对象而施设,而非随其所欲而施设;除了五种食物外,在一切情形下均无犯;精神失常者;最初的犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti gilānassa, agilāno sakiṃ bhuñjati, gacchanto, vā āgacchanto vā bhuñjati, sāmikā nimantetvā bhojenti, odissa paññatto hoti, na yāvadattho paññatto hoti, pañca bhojanāni ṭhapetvā sabbattha anāpatti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
2. 众食学处显示巴利原文
2. Gaṇabhojanasikkhāpadaṃ
209 那时,佛陀世尊住在王舍城的竹林松鼠饲养场。那时,提婆达多失去了利养与恭敬,带着随从们不断地挨家挨户讨要之后食用。人们讥嫌、批评、指责道:“这些沙门释子怎么能不断地挨家挨户讨要之后食用呢!谁家丰盛的食物不可口,谁不喜欢美味呢!”那些比丘们听到了这些人的讥嫌、批评、指责。那些少欲的诸比丘……讥嫌、批评、指责道:“提婆达多怎么能带着随从们不断地挨家挨户讨要之后食用呢!”……“提婆达多,你真的带着随从们不断地挨家挨户讨要之后食用吗?” “是真的,世尊。” 佛陀世尊呵责道:“愚蠢的人啊,你怎么能带着随从们不断地挨家挨户讨要之后食用呢!愚蠢的人啊,这不能让未生信者生信……。那么,诸比丘,应这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena devadatto parihīnalābhasakkāro sapariso kulesu viññāpetvā viññāpetvā bhuñjati. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā kulesu viññāpetvā viññāpetvā bhuñjissanti! Kassa sampannaṃ na manāpaṃ, kassa sāduṃ na ruccatī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma devadatto sapariso kulesu viññāpetvā viññāpetvā bhuñjissatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, devadatta, sapariso kulesu viññāpetvā viññāpetvā bhuñjasīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, sapariso kulesu viññāpetvā viññāpetvā bhuñjissasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
210 那时,人们用食物邀请生病的比丘。诸比丘感到拘谨,不肯接受,心想:“世尊禁止了群食。”他们便将这件事禀告世尊。于是,世尊以此因缘、此事为由,作了法义开示后,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我允许生病的比丘受用群食。那么,诸比丘,你们应当这样诵持这条学处:……显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena manussā gilāne bhikkhū bhattena nimantenti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti – ‘‘paṭikkhittaṃ bhagavatā gaṇabhojana’’nti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānena bhikkhunā gaṇabhojanaṃ bhuñjituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,群食者,除适当因缘外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
211 那时,人们到了布施衣物的时节,准备了连带衣物的食物,然后邀请诸比丘:“我们先供养食物,再用衣物为你们覆身。”诸比丘感到拘谨,不肯接受,心想:“世尊禁止了群食。”结果得到的衣物很少。诸比丘将这件事禀告世尊……(中略)……世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许在布施衣物的时节受用群食。那么,诸比丘,你们应当这样诵持这条学处:……显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena manussā cīvaradānasamaye sacīvarabhattaṃ paṭiyādetvā bhikkhū nimantenti – ‘‘bhojetvā cīvarena acchādessāmā’’ti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti – ‘‘paṭikkhittaṃ bhagavatā gaṇabhojana’’nti. Cīvaraṃ parittaṃ uppajjati. Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cīvaradānasamaye gaṇabhojanaṃ bhuñjituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,群食者,除适当因缘外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
212 那时,人们用食物邀请正在缝制衣物的比丘。诸比丘感到拘谨,不肯接受,心想:“世尊禁止了群食。”……(中略)……世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许在缝制衣物的时候受用群食。那么,诸比丘,你们应当这样诵持这条学处:……”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena manussā cīvarakārake bhikkhū bhattena nimantenti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti – ‘‘paṭikkhittaṃ bhagavatā gaṇabhojana’’nti . Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cīvarakārasamaye gaṇabhojanaṃ bhuñjituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,群食者,除适当因缘外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
213 那时候,诸比丘与人们一起行路。那时,那些比丘对那些人这样说:“贤友们,请稍等片刻,我们要去托钵。”那些人这样说:“尊者,就在这里用餐吧。”诸比丘因为疑惧而不接受,心想:“世尊禁止了群食。”他们向世尊禀告了这件事……(省略)“诸比丘,我允许在行路时食用群食。诸比丘,你们应这样诵这条学处——”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū manussehi saddhiṃ addhānaṃ gacchanti. Atha kho te bhikkhū te manusse etadavocuṃ – ‘‘muhuttaṃ, āvuso, āgametha; piṇḍāya carissāmā’’ti. Te evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘idheva, bhante, bhuñjathā’’ti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā na paṭiggaṇhanti – ‘‘paṭikkhittaṃ bhagavatā gaṇabhojana’’nti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, addhānagamanasamaye gaṇabhojanaṃ bhuñjituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,群食者,除适当因缘外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
214 那时候,诸比丘与人们一起乘船行路。那时,那些比丘对那些人这样说:“贤友们,请稍等片刻,将船靠岸,我们要去托钵。”那些人这样说:“尊者,就在这里用餐吧。”诸比丘因为疑惧而不接受,心想:“世尊禁止了群食。”他们向世尊禀告了这件事……(省略)“诸比丘,我允许在乘船时食用群食。诸比丘,你们应这样诵这条学处——”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū manussehi saddhiṃ nāvāya gacchanti. Atha kho te bhikkhū te manusse etadavocuṃ – ‘‘muhuttaṃ, āvuso, tīraṃ upanetha; piṇḍāya carissāmā’’ti. Te evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘idheva, bhante, bhuñjathā’’ti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā na paṭiggaṇhanti – ‘‘paṭikkhittaṃ bhagavatā gaṇabhojana’’nti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, nāvābhiruhanasamaye gaṇabhojanaṃ bhuñjituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,群食者,除适当因缘外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
215 那时,在各地雨安居结束的诸比丘,为了见世尊,来到了王舍城。人们见到这些来自各个不同地方的比丘后,便用食物来邀请他们。诸比丘心生顾虑,不敢接受,心想:'世尊已经禁止了众食。'他们便将此事禀告了世尊……世尊说:'诸比丘,我允许在大集会的时候食用众食。再者,诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——'显示巴利原文
Tena 0 kho pana samayena disāsu vassaṃvuṭṭhā bhikkhū rājagahaṃ āgacchanti bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Manussā nānāverajjake bhikkhū passitvā bhattena nimantenti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti – ‘‘paṭikkhittaṃ bhagavatā gaṇabhojana’’nti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, mahāsamaye gaṇabhojanaṃ bhuñjituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,群食者,除适当因缘外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti.
当时,世尊为诸比丘如此制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
216 那时,摩揭陀国斯尼雅·频婆娑罗王的一位同族血亲,在外道中出家了。后来,这位外道来到摩揭陀国斯尼雅·频婆娑罗王那里。到了之后,对摩揭陀国斯尼雅·频婆娑罗王这样说:'大王,我想举办一个供养一切沙门团体的宴会。'(国王回答:)'尊者,如果您能先供养以佛陀为首的比丘僧团的话。'(外道说:)'我会这样做的。' 于是,这位外道派了一位使者到诸比丘那里传话说:'请诸比丘接受我明天的供食。'诸比丘心生顾虑,不敢接受,心想:'世尊已经禁止了众食。' 于是,那位外道来到世尊那里。到了之后,与世尊互相问候,进行了友好且令人难忘的交谈后,站在一边。站在一边的那位外道对世尊这样说:'尊敬的乔达摩是出家人,我也是出家人;出家人理应接受出家人的食物。请尊敬的乔达摩和比丘僧团一起,接受我明天的供食。'世尊以沉默的方式接受了。那位外道知道世尊已经接受后,就离开了。于是,世尊借此事、以此因缘做了一场佛法开示后,对诸比丘说:'诸比丘,我允许在沙门供食的时候食用众食。再者,诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——'显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa ñātisālohito ājīvakesu pabbajito hoti. Atha kho so ājīvako yena rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ seniyaṃ bimbisāraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, mahārāja, sabbapāsaṇḍikabhattaṃ kātu’’nti. ‘‘Sace tvaṃ, bhante, buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṭhamaṃ bhojeyyāsi’’. ‘‘Evaṃ kareyyāmī’’ti. Atha kho so ājīvako bhikkhūnaṃ santike dūtaṃ pāhesi – ‘‘adhivāsentu me bhikkhū svātanāya bhatta’’nti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti – ‘‘paṭikkhittaṃ bhagavatā gaṇabhojana’’nti. Atha kho so ājīvako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi, sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho so ājīvako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bhavampi gotamo pabbajito, ahampi pabbajito; arahati pabbajito pabbajitassa piṇḍaṃ paṭiggahetuṃ. Adhivāsetu me bhavaṃ gotamo svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho so ājīvako bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā pakkāmi. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, samaṇabhattasamaye gaṇabhojanaṃ bhuñjituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
217 任何比丘,群食者,除适当因缘外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Gaṇabhojane, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṃ. Tatthāyaṃ samayo. Gilānasamayo, cīvaradānasamayo, cīvarakārasamayo, addhānagamanasamayo, nāvābhiruhanasamayo, mahāsamayo, samaṇabhattasamayo – ayaṃ tattha samayo’’ti.
218 是指有四[位]比丘,受邀食用五种正食中的任何一种,这称为众食。显示巴利原文
nāma yattha cattāro bhikkhū pañcannaṃ bhojanānaṃ aññatarena bhojanena nimantitā bhuñjanti. Etaṃ gaṇabhojanaṃ nāma.
’除因缘外。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā samayaṃ.
是指哪怕脚部都裂开的情况。应作'这是生病的时候'之想而受用食物。显示巴利原文
nāma antamaso pādāpi phalitā honti. ‘‘Gilānasamayo’’ti bhuñjitabbaṃ.
是指迦絺那衣未铺展时雨安居的最后一个月;迦絺那衣已铺展时五个月。应作‘这是衣施时’之想而受用食物。显示巴利原文
nāma anatthate kathine vassānassa pacchimo māso, atthate kathine pañcamāsā. ‘‘Cīvaradānasamayo’’ti bhuñjitabbaṃ.
是指正在制作衣的时候。应作‘这是作衣时’之想而受用食物。显示巴利原文
nāma cīvare kayiramāne. ‘‘Cīvarakārasamayo’’ti bhuñjitabbaṃ.
是指行路时。应作‘我要走半由旬’之想而受用食物;正在行路时可以受用,已经行路后可以受用。显示巴利原文
nāma ‘‘addhayojanaṃ gacchissāmī’’ti bhuñjitabbaṃ, gacchantena bhuñjitabbaṃ, gatena bhuñjitabbaṃ.
是指乘船时。应作‘我要登船’之想而受用食物;已登船时可以受用,已下船时可以受用。显示巴利原文
nāma ‘‘nāvaṃ abhiruhissāmī’’ti bhuñjitabbaṃ, āruḷhena bhuñjitabbaṃ, oruḷhena bhuñjitabbaṃ.
是指在某处,两三位比丘乞食尚能维持,第四位到来时便不能维持。应作‘这是大众集会时’之想而受用食物。显示巴利原文
nāma yattha dve tayo bhikkhū piṇḍāya caritvā yāpenti, catutthe āgate na yāpenti. ‘‘Mahāsamayo’’ti bhuñjitabbaṃ.
是指任何出家游方者作饭食的时候。应作‘这是沙门供食时’之想而受用食物。显示巴利原文
nāma yo koci paribbājakasamāpanno bhattaṃ karoti. ‘‘Samaṇabhattasamayo’’ti bhuñjitabbaṃ.
若心想‘我将在除因缘外受用食物’而接受,犯恶作;每一咽,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Aññatra samayā bhuñjissāmī’’ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.
219 于别众食中作别众食想,除因缘外受用,犯波逸提。于别众食中有疑,除因缘外受用,犯波逸提。于别众食中作非别众食想,除因缘外受用,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Gaṇabhojane gaṇabhojanasaññī, aññatra samayā, bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Gaṇabhojane vematiko, aññatra samayā, bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Gaṇabhojane nagaṇabhojanasaññī, aññatra samayā, bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
在非别众食时,有别众食想,犯恶作。在非别众食时,有疑惑,犯恶作。在非别众食时,有非别众食想,不犯。显示巴利原文
Nagaṇabhojane gaṇabhojanasaññī , āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nagaṇabhojane vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nagaṇabhojane nagaṇabhojanasaññī, anāpatti.
220 不犯的情况如下:在适当的时候;两、三位比丘一起进食;托钵乞食后聚集在一起进食;常施食;签筹食;半月食;布萨食;布萨次日食;除去五种正食之外,在任何情况下都不犯;对于精神失常者;对于最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti samaye, dve tayo ekato bhuñjanti, piṇḍāya caritvā ekato sannipatitvā bhuñjanti, niccabhattaṃ, salākabhattaṃ, pakkhikaṃ, uposathikaṃ, pāṭipadikaṃ, pañca bhojanāni ṭhapetvā sabbattha anāpatti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
3. 展转食学处显示巴利原文
3. Paramparabhojanasikkhāpadaṃ
221 那时,佛陀世尊住在毗舍离城大林中的重阁讲堂。当时,毗舍离城中安排了一场精美饮食的轮流供养。这时,有个穷苦的雇工心里想:“这些人如此恭敬地准备饮食,这实在不是小事。我也应该准备饮食供养。”于是,这个穷苦雇工就到他老板那里去,到了之后,对他的老板说:“少爷,我想供养以佛陀为首的比丘僧团饮食。请给我工钱。”那个老板也是有信心、有净信的人。于是,那个老板就多给了他一些工钱。之后,那个穷苦雇工就去世尊那里,到了之后,顶礼世尊,然后坐在一边。坐在一边的穷苦雇工对世尊说:“尊者,请世尊明天和比丘僧团一起接受我的饮食供养。”世尊说:“贤友啊,比丘僧团很庞大。你要心里有数。”他说:“没关系,尊者,比丘僧团就算庞大也没事。我准备了很多枣子,用枣子混合的饮品会管够的。”世尊以沉默的方式接受了。显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena vesāliyaṃ paṇītānaṃ bhattānaṃ bhattapaṭipāṭi adhiṭṭhitā hoti. Atha kho aññatarassa daliddassa kammakārassa etadahosi – ‘‘na kho idaṃ orakaṃ bhavissati yathayime manussā sakkaccaṃ bhattaṃ karonti; yaṃnūnāhampi bhattaṃ kareyya’’nti. Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro yena kirapatiko tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ kirapatikaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, ayyaputta, buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa bhattaṃ kātuṃ. Dehi me vetana’’nti. Sopi kho kirapatiko saddho hoti pasanno. Atha kho so kirapatiko tassa daliddassa kammakārassa abbhātirekaṃ vetanaṃ adāsi. Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so daliddo kammakāro bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘adhivāsetu me, bhante, bhagavā svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. ‘‘Mahā kho, āvuso, bhikkhusaṅgho. Jānāhī’’ti. ‘‘Hotu bhante, mahā bhikkhusaṅgho. Bahū me badarā paṭiyattā badaramissena peyyā paripūrissantī’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.
这时,那个穷苦雇工知道世尊接受了,就从座位上起身,顶礼世尊,右绕之后离开了。诸比丘听说:“听说一个穷苦雇工邀请了以佛陀为首的比丘僧团明天去应供,会用枣子混合的饮品来管够。”他们便在清晨时分就去托钵乞食并且吃过了。人们听说:“听说一个穷苦雇工邀请了以佛陀为首的比丘僧团。”他们就给那个穷苦雇工送去了很多嚼食和啖食。于是,那穷苦雇工在那夜过后,让人准备了精美的嚼食和啖食,然后派人去告诉世尊时间:“时间到了,尊者,饮食已经准备好了。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū – ‘‘daliddena kira kammakārena svātanāya buddhappamukho bhikkhusaṅgho nimantito, badaramissena peyyā paripūrissantī’’ti. Te kālasseva piṇḍāya caritvā bhuñjiṃsu. Assosuṃ kho manussā – ‘‘daliddena kira kammakārena buddhappamukho bhikkhusaṅgho nimantito’’ti. Te daliddassa kammakārassa pahūtaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ abhihariṃsu. Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro tassā rattiyā accayena paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesi – ‘‘kālo, bhante, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti.
这时,世尊在上午穿好下衣,拿着钵和僧衣,去到了那个穷苦雇工的住处;到了之后,和比丘僧团一起坐在铺设好的座位上。这时,那个穷苦雇工在食堂里招待诸比丘。诸比丘这样对他说:“贤友,少给一点。贤友,少给一点吧。”他说:“尊者们,你们不要因为‘这是个穷苦雇工’就只接受一点点。我准备了大量的嚼食和啖食。显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena tassa daliddassa kammakārassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena. Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro bhattagge bhikkhū parivisati. Bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘thokaṃ, āvuso, dehi. Thokaṃ, āvuso, dehī’’ti. ‘‘Mā kho tumhe, bhante, ‘ayaṃ daliddo kammakāro’ti thokaṃ thokaṃ paṭiggaṇhittha. Pahūtaṃ me khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyattaṃ.
尊者们,请尽情地享用吧。”诸比丘说:“贤友,我们不是因为那个原因才只接受一点点的。而是,我们清晨就已经托钵乞食、吃过东西了;正因如此,我们才只接受一点点的。”显示巴利原文
Paṭiggaṇhatha, bhante, yāvadattha’’nti. ‘‘Na kho mayaṃ, āvuso, etaṃkāraṇā thokaṃ thokaṃ paṭiggaṇhāma. Apica, mayaṃ kālasseva piṇḍāya caritvā bhuñjimhā; tena mayaṃ thokaṃ thokaṃ paṭiggaṇhāmā’’ti.
这时,那个穷苦雇工就发牢骚、抱怨、指责说:“诸位尊者们怎么可以这样!已经接受我的邀请了,却还在别处吃!难道我是没有能力让你们尽情享用吗?”诸比丘听到了那个穷苦雇工发牢骚、抱怨、指责的话。那些少欲的诸比丘……(中略)……也发牢骚、抱怨、指责说:“诸比丘怎么可以在已经接受一处邀请后,又在别处吃呢?”……(中略)……世尊问:“诸比丘,听说诸比丘在已经接受一处邀请后,又在别处吃东西,这是真的吗?”他们回答说:“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责他们说:“诸比丘,这些愚人怎么可以已经在别处接受了邀请,又到别处去吃呢!诸比丘,这不会让尚未生起信心的人生起信心……(中略)……那么,诸比丘,你们应当这样诵念这条学处——显示巴利原文
Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhadantā mayā nimantitā aññatra bhuñjissanti! Na cāhaṃ paṭibalo yāvadatthaṃ dātu’’nti? Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tassa daliddassa kammakārassa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhū aññatra nimantitā aññatra bhuñjissantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū aññatra nimantitā aññatra bhuñjantīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā aññatra nimantitā aññatra bhuñjissanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,除适当因缘外,展转食者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
222 那时,有一位比丘生病了。另一位比丘带着钵食来到那位比丘那里;到了之后,对那位比丘说:‘朋友,请吃吧。’‘不必了,朋友,我还有饭食的期待。’那位比丘的钵食很晚才送来。那位比丘吃得不能称心如意。他们把这件事报告世尊。于是世尊以此因缘、此事件作法语开示后,告诉诸比丘:‘诸比丘,我允许生病的比丘受用次第食。而且,诸比丘,你们应这样诵此学处——’显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti. Aññataro bhikkhu piṇḍapātaṃ ādāya yena so bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bhuñjāhi, āvuso’’ti. ‘‘Alaṃ, āvuso, atthi me bhattapaccāsā’’ti. Tassa bhikkhuno piṇḍapāto ussūre āharīyittha. So bhikkhu na cittarūpaṃ bhuñji. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānena bhikkhunā paramparabhojanaṃ bhuñjituṃ. Evañca pana , bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
223 那时,人们在做衣布施的时候,备办了带衣的食物,邀请诸比丘说:“我们先供养食物,再用衣服覆盖。”诸比丘因为有所顾忌而不接受,他们说:“世尊禁止了次第食。”结果得到的衣服很少。他们向世尊报告了这件事……(中略)……“诸比丘,我允许在做衣布施的时候用次第食。而且,诸比丘,你们应这样诵此学处——”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena manussā cīvaradānasamaye sacīvarabhattaṃ paṭiyādetvā bhikkhū nimantenti – ‘‘bhojetvā cīvarena acchādessāmā’’ti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti – ‘‘paṭikkhittaṃ bhagavatā paramparabhojana’’nti. Cīvaraṃ parittaṃ uppajjati. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cīvaradānasamaye paramparabhojanaṃ bhuñjituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,除适当因缘外,展转食者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
224 那时,人们邀请做衣服的诸比丘用餐。诸比丘因为有所顾忌而不接受,他们说:“世尊禁止了次第食。”他们向世尊报告了这件事……(中略)……“诸比丘,我允许在做衣服的时候用次第食。而且,诸比丘,你们应这样诵此学处——”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena manussā cīvarakārake bhikkhū bhattena nimantenti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti – ‘‘paṭikkhittaṃ bhagavatā paramparabhojana’’nti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cīvarakārasamaye paramparabhojanaṃ bhuñjituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
225 任何比丘,除适当因缘外,展转食者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Paramparabhojane, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṃ. Tatthāyaṃ samayo. Gilānasamayo, cīvaradānasamayo, cīvarakārasamayo – ayaṃ tattha samayo’’ti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
226 那时,世尊在午前穿好下衣,拿着钵和衣,由具寿阿难作为随行沙门,前往某个俗家;到了之后,坐在已铺好的座位上。那时,那些人把食物供给世尊和具寿阿难。具寿阿难心怀顾虑,没有接受。‘阿难,接受吧。’‘不必了,世尊,我已有饭食的期待。’‘那么,阿难,转让后再接受吧。’于是,世尊以此因缘、此事件作法语开示后,对诸比丘说:‘诸比丘,我允许转让后受用展转食。而且,诸比丘,应当这样转让:“我把我的饭食期待转让给某某。”’显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya āyasmatā ānandena pacchāsamaṇena yena aññataraṃ kulaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho te manussā bhagavato ca āyasmato ca ānandassa bhojanaṃ adaṃsu. Āyasmā ānando kukkuccāyanto na paṭiggaṇhāti. ‘‘Gaṇhāhi , ānandā’’ti. ‘‘Alaṃ, bhagavā , atthi me bhattapaccāsā’’ti. ‘‘Tenahānanda, vikappetvā gaṇhāhī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, vikappetvā paramparabhojanaṃ bhuñjituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, vikappetabbaṃ – ‘mayhaṃ bhattapaccāsaṃ itthannāmassa dammī’’’ti.
227 是指:受邀请用五种食物中的某一种食物为食,舍置那一受请之食,而去吃另外五种食物中的某一种食物,这就叫作“展转食”。显示巴利原文
nāma pañcannaṃ bhojanānaṃ aññatarena bhojanena nimantito, taṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ pañcannaṃ bhojanānaṃ aññataraṃ bhojanaṃ bhuñjati, etaṃ paramparabhojanaṃ nāma.
除了因缘适时。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā samayaṃ.
是指:无法坐在一个座位上吃到饱足。“病者适时”应这样取食。显示巴利原文
nāma na sakkoti ekāsane nisinno yāvadatthaṃ bhuñjituṃ. ‘‘Gilānasamayo’’ti bhuñjitabbaṃ.
是指:未敷展卡提那衣时,雨安居的最后一个月;已敷展卡提那衣时,则是五个月。“施衣适时”应这样取食。显示巴利原文
nāma anatthate kathine vassānassa pacchimo māso, atthate kathine pañca māsā. ‘‘Cīvaradānasamayo’’ti bhuñjitabbaṃ.
是指:正在做衣的时候。“做衣适时”应这样取食。显示巴利原文
nāma cīvare kayiramāne. ‘‘Cīvarakārasamayo’’ti bhuñjitabbaṃ.
想着'除了在适当时间之外我将进食'而接受邀请,犯恶作。每咽一口,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Aññatra samayā bhuñjissāmī’’ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.
228 是展转食,而且他意识到是展转食,在除了适当时间之外进食,犯波逸提。是展转食,但他对此有疑惑,在除了适当时间之外进食,犯波逸提。是展转食,但他想成了不是展转食,在除了适当时间之外进食,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Paramparabhojane paramparabhojanasaññī, aññatra samayā, bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Paramparabhojane vematiko, aññatra samayā, bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Paramparabhojane naparamparabhojanasaññī, aññatra samayā, bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
不是展转食,但他想成了展转食,犯恶作。不是展转食,但他对此有疑惑,犯恶作。不是展转食,而且他意识到不是展转食,无犯。显示巴利原文
Naparamparabhojane paramparabhojanasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Naparamparabhojane vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Naparamparabhojane naparamparabhojanasaññī, anāpatti.
229 无犯的情况是:在适当时间里;作了净施后进食;将两个或三个邀请合在一起吃;按邀请的顺序进食;被整个村子邀请时,在那个村里的任何地方进食;被整个团体邀请时,在那个团体的任何地方进食;在接受邀请时说'我将去托钵乞食';对于常施食、筹施食、半月施食、布萨施食、月首翌日施食——除了五种主食之外,在任何情况下都无犯;对精神失常者;对最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti samaye, vikappetvā bhuñjati, dve tayo nimantane ekato bhuñjati, nimantanapaṭipāṭiyā bhuñjati, sakalena gāmena nimantito tasmiṃ gāme yattha katthaci bhuñjati , sakalena pūgena nimantito tasmiṃ pūge yattha katthaci bhuñjati, nimantiyamāno bhikkhaṃ gahessāmīti bhaṇati, niccabhatte, salākabhatte, pakkhike, uposathike, pāṭipadike, pañca bhojanāni ṭhapetvā sabbattha anāpatti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
4. 独眼母学处显示巴利原文
4. Kāṇamātusikkhāpadaṃ
230 那时,佛陀世尊正住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,有一位名叫卡那母亲的女居士,她有信心,很虔诚。她的女儿卡那,已经许配给了村里某个男子。有一次,卡那因为一些事情回了母亲家。那时,卡那的丈夫派人传信给卡那:'让卡那回来吧,我想让卡那回来。'于是,女居士卡那母亲心想'怎么能空着手回去呢',就烤了饼。饼烤好了,有位托钵比丘走进了女居士卡那母亲的家里。女居士卡那母亲就用饼供养了那位比丘。他出来后,又告诉了另一位比丘。她也供养了那位比丘饼。那位出来后,又告诉了另一位。她也供养了那位比丘饼。就这样,准备好的饼全部耗尽了。卡那的丈夫第二次派人传信给卡那:'让卡那回来吧,我想让卡那回来。'女居士卡那母亲第二次心想'怎么能空着手回去呢',又烤了饼。饼烤好了,有位托钵比丘走进了女居士卡那母亲的家里。女居士卡那母亲就用饼供养了那位比丘。他出来后,又告诉了另一位。她也供养了那位比丘饼。那位出来后,又告诉了另一位。她也供养了那位比丘饼。准备好的饼又全部耗尽了。卡那的丈夫第三次派人传信给卡那:'让卡那回来吧,我想让卡那回来。如果卡那不回来,我就另娶一个妻子。'女居士卡那母亲第三次心想'怎么能空着手回去呢',又烤了饼。饼烤好了,有位托钵比丘走进了女居士卡那母亲的家里。女居士卡那母亲就用饼供养了那位比丘。他出来后,又告诉了另一位。她也供养了那位比丘饼。那位出来后,又告诉了另一位。她也供养了那位比丘饼。就这样,准备好的饼全部耗尽了。后来,卡那的丈夫就另娶了一个妻子。显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena kāṇamātā upāsikā saddhā hoti pasannā. Kāṇā gāmake aññatarassa purisassa dinnā hoti. Atha kho kāṇā mātugharaṃ agamāsi kenacideva karaṇīyena. Atha kho kāṇāya sāmiko kāṇāya santike dūtaṃ pāhesi – ‘‘āgacchatu kāṇā, icchāmi kāṇāya āgata’’nti. Atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā ‘‘kismiṃ viya rittahatthaṃ gantu’’nti pūvaṃ paci. Pakke pūve aññataro piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu kāṇamātāya upāsikāya nivesanaṃ pāvisi. Atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā tassa bhikkhuno pūvaṃ dāpesi. So nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. Tassapi pūvaṃ dāpesi. Sopi nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. Tassapi pūvaṃ dāpesi. Yathāpaṭiyattaṃ pūvaṃ parikkhayaṃ agamāsi. Dutiyampi kho kāṇāya sāmiko kāṇāya santike dūtaṃ pāhesi – ‘‘āgacchatu kāṇā, icchāmi kāṇāya āgata’’nti. Dutiyampi kho kāṇamātā upāsikā ‘‘kismiṃ viya rittahattaṃ gantu’’nti pūvaṃ paci. Pakke pūve aññataro piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu kāṇamātāya upāsikāya nivesanaṃ pāvisi. Atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā tassa bhikkhuno pūvaṃ dāpesi. So nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. Tassapi pūvaṃ dāpesi. Sopi nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. Tassapi pūvaṃ dāpesi. Yathāpaṭiyattaṃ pūvaṃ parikkhayaṃ agamāsi. Tatiyampi kho kāṇāya sāmiko kāṇāya santike dūtaṃ pāhesi – ‘‘āgacchatu kāṇā, icchāmi kāṇāya āgataṃ. Sace kāṇā nāgacchissati, ahaṃ aññaṃ pajāpatiṃ ānessāmī’’ti. Tatiyampi kho kāṇamātā upāsikā kismiṃ viya rittahatthaṃ gantunti pūvaṃ paci. Pakke pūve aññataro piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu kāṇamātāya upāsikāya nivesanaṃ pāvisi. Atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā tassa bhikkhuno pūvaṃ dāpesi. So nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. Tassapi pūvaṃ dāpesi. Sopi nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. Tassapi pūvaṃ dāpesi. Yathāpaṭiyattaṃ pūvaṃ parikkhayaṃ agamāsi. Atha kho kāṇāya sāmiko aññaṃ pajāpatiṃ ānesi.
卡那听说了这件事:'听说那个男人另娶了妻子。'她站着哭了起来。那时,世尊在午前穿好下衣,拿着衣钵,来到了女居士卡那母亲的住处。到了之后,在已铺好的座位上坐下。女居士卡那母亲来到世尊那里,向世尊礼敬后,坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的女居士卡那母亲说:'这卡那为什么哭呢?'于是,女居士卡那母亲就把事情的经过告诉了世尊。世尊用佛法开示、劝导、激励、鼓舞了女居士卡那母亲之后,从座位上起身,离开了。显示巴利原文
Assosi kho kāṇā – ‘‘tena kira purisena aññā pajāpati ānītā’’ti. Sā rodantī aṭṭhāsi. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena kāṇamātāya upāsikāya nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho kāṇamātaraṃ upāsikaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘kissāyaṃ kāṇā rodatī’’ti? Atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Atha kho bhagavā kāṇamātaraṃ upāsikaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
231 那时,有一队商旅想从王舍城出发前往帕提亚洛卡。有位托钵比丘进入那队商旅托钵。某位男居士供养了那位比丘一些炒面。他出来后,又告诉了另一位。那位也供养了他炒面。那位出来后,又告诉了另一位。那位也供养了他炒面。就这样,准备好的路粮全部耗尽了。于是,那位男居士对那些商旅人们说:'尊者,请今天等等,我把准备好的路粮都供养给尊者们了。我会再备办路粮。''尊者,不能等了,商队已经出发了。'他们就走了。后来,那位男居士备办好路粮后,在后面赶路时,被盗贼抢劫了。人们纷纷讥嫌、批评、指责:'这些沙门释迦子怎么接受东西不知道限量呢!这人把东西给了他们,后来在赶路时就被盗贼抢劫了。'诸比丘听到了那些人的讥嫌、批评、指责。于是,诸比丘把这件事禀告了世尊。世尊以这个因缘、这个事件说法后,对诸比丘说道:'那么,诸比丘,我应当为诸比丘制定学处了,基于十种目的考量:为了僧团的优善,为了僧团的安乐……为了扶助律法。诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññataro sattho rājagahā paṭiyālokaṃ gantukāmo hoti. Aññataro piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu taṃ satthaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Aññataro upāsako tassa bhikkhuno sattuṃ dāpesi. So nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. Tassapi sattuṃ dāpesi. So nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. Tassapi sattuṃ dāpesi. Yathāpaṭiyattaṃ pātheyyaṃ parikkhayaṃ agamāsi . Atha kho so upāsako te manusse etadavoca – ‘‘ajjaṇho, ayyā, āgametha, yathāpaṭiyattaṃ pātheyyaṃ ayyānaṃ dinnaṃ. Pātheyyaṃ paṭiyādessāmī’’ti. ‘‘Nāyyo sakkā āgametuṃ, payāto sattho’’ti agamaṃsu. Atha kho tassa upāsakassa pātheyyaṃ paṭiyādetvā pacchā gacchantassa corā acchindiṃsu. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā na mattaṃ jānitvā paṭiggahessanti! Ayaṃ imesaṃ datvā pacchā gacchanto corehi acchinno’’ti. Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapessāmi dasa atthavase paṭicca – saṅghasuṭṭhutāya, saṅghaphāsutāya…pe… vinayānuggahāya. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
232 任何比丘,吃饱、拒绝再供之后,又吃硬食或软食,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhikkhuṃ paneva kulaṃ upagataṃ pūvehi vā manthehi vā abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāreyya, ākaṅkhamānena bhikkhunā dvattipattapūrā paṭiggahetabbā tato ce uttari paṭiggaṇheyya pācittiyaṃ. Dvattipattapūre paṭiggahetvā tato nīharitvā bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ saṃvibhajitabbaṃ. Ayaṃ tattha sāmīcī’’ti.
233 族姓是指四种族姓:刹帝利族姓、婆罗门族姓、吠舍族姓、首陀罗族姓。显示巴利原文
nti kulaṃ nāma cattāri kulāni – khattiyakulaṃ, brāhmaṇakulaṃ, vessakulaṃ, suddakulaṃ.
意为前往那里。显示巴利原文
nti tattha gataṃ.
是指为送礼之目的而准备的任何东西。显示巴利原文
nāma yaṃkiñci paheṇakatthāya paṭiyattaṃ.
是指为旅途粮食之目的而准备的任何东西。显示巴利原文
nāma yaṃkiñci pātheyyatthāya paṭiyattaṃ.
意思是:你想要多少就拿多少。显示巴利原文
ti yāvatakaṃ icchasi tāvatakaṃ gaṇhāhīti.
是指想要的人。显示巴利原文
ti icchamānena.
应接受满满两钵。显示巴利原文
ti dvetayo pattapūrā paṭiggahetabbā.
若接受超过那个量,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti tatuttari paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
离开那里时,见到比丘后应告知:“我在某处已接受了两三满钵,你不要在那里接受。”如果见到了却不告知,犯恶作。如果在已被告知后仍接受,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
tato nikkhamantena bhikkhuṃ passitvā ācikkhitabbaṃ – ‘‘amutra mayā dvattipattapūrā paṭiggahitā, mā kho tattha paṭiggaṇhī’’ti. Sace passitvā na ācikkhati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Sace ācikkhite paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
从回避处拿出后,应当分配。显示巴利原文
nti paṭikkamanaṃ nīharitvā saṃvibhajitabbaṃ.
这就是这里的随顺法。显示巴利原文
ti ayaṃ tattha anudhammatā.
234 超过两三满钵的量,作超过想而接受,犯波逸提。超过两三满钵的量,有疑惑而接受,犯波逸提。超过两三满钵的量,作不足想而接受,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Atirekadvattipattapūre atirekasaññī paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Atirekadvattipattapūre vematiko paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Atirekadvattipattapūre ūnakasaññī paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
不足两三满钵的量,作超过想,犯恶作。不足两三满钵的量,有疑惑,犯恶作。不足两三满钵的量,作不足想,无犯。显示巴利原文
Ūnakadvattipattapūre atirekasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakadvattipattapūre vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakadvattipattapūre ūnakasaññī, anāpatti.
235 无犯的情况:接受两三满钵的量;接受不足两三满钵的量;不是为了作礼品、不是为了作路粮而准备的;他们给予作为礼品或路粮而准备后剩下的;停止旅程时给予;对亲族或已邀请者;为他人;用自己的财物;对精神失常者;对最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti dvattipattapūre paṭiggaṇhāti, ūnakadvattipattapūre paṭiggaṇhāti, na paheṇakatthāya na pātheyyatthāya paṭiyattaṃ denti, paheṇakatthāya vā pātheyyatthāya vā paṭiyattasesakaṃ denti, gamane paṭippassaddhe denti, ñātakānaṃ pavāritānaṃ, aññassatthāya, attano dhanena, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
5. 第一请食学处显示巴利原文
5. Paṭhamapavāraṇāsikkhāpadaṃ
236 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,有位婆罗门邀请了诸比丘并供养饮食。诸比丘吃完、拒绝再供后,去了亲戚家,在那些人家中,有的吃了,有的拿了食物走了。然后,那位婆罗门对邻居们这样说:'各位尊者,我已供养满足了诸比丘。来吧,我也要供养满足你们!'他们这样说:'先生,你凭什么供养满足我们?连你邀请的那些人,来到我们家后,也都是有的吃、有的拿着食物走了呀!'显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro brāhmaṇo bhikkhū nimantetvā bhojesi. Bhikkhū bhuttāvī pavāritā ñātikulāni gantvā ekacce bhuñjiṃsu ekacce piṇḍapātaṃ ādāya agamaṃsu. Atha kho so brāhmaṇo paṭivissake etadavoca – ‘‘bhikkhū mayā ayyā santappitā. Etha, tumhepi santappessāmī’’ti. Te evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘kiṃ tvaṃ, ayyo , amhe santappessasi? Yepi tayā nimantitā tepi amhākaṃ gharāni āgantvā ekacce bhuñjiṃsu ekacce piṇḍapātaṃ ādāya agamaṃsū’’ti!
然后,那位婆罗门就讥嫌、批评、指责道:'诸位尊者怎么能在我们家吃完后,又在别处吃呢!我可不是没能力提供足够食物的人啊!'那些比丘们听到了那位婆罗门讥嫌、批评、指责的话。那些少欲的诸比丘……也讥嫌、批评、指责道:'诸比丘怎么能在吃完、拒绝再供后,又在别处吃呢?'……'诸比丘,据说诸比丘在吃完、拒绝再供后,真的又在别处吃吗?' '是真的,世尊。' 佛陀世尊呵责道……'诸比丘,这些愚人怎么能在吃完、拒绝再供后,又在别处吃呢!诸比丘,这不能让未生信者生信……那么,诸比丘,就这样诵出这条学处——'显示巴利原文
Atha kho so brāhmaṇo ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhadantā amhākaṃ ghare bhuñjitvā aññatra bhuñjissanti! Na cāhaṃ paṭibalo yāvadatthaṃ dātu’’nti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tassa brāhmaṇassa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhū bhuttāvī pavāritā aññatra bhuñjissantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū bhuttāvī pavāritā aññatra bhuñjantīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā bhuttāvī pavāritā aññatra bhuñjissanti ! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,吃饱、拒绝再供之后,又吃非「余食法」所作的硬食或软食,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
那时,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
237 而就在那时,诸比丘把精致美食端给生病的诸比丘。病诸比丘根本吃不了多少,诸比丘就把那些食物给扔了。世尊听到一阵嘈杂的大声、乌鸦争食般的声音。听到后,世尊就问具寿阿难:"阿难,那阵嘈杂的大声、乌鸦争食般的声音是什么?"于是,具寿阿难就把这件事禀告了世尊。"阿难,那比丘们可以吃病人的残食吗?""世尊,他们不吃。"于是,世尊以此因缘、以此事由,宣讲了法义之后,对诸比丘说:"诸比丘,我允许无论是生病还是没生病的,都可以吃残食。那么,诸比丘,残食应该这样来处理——说:'所有这些都够了。'再者,诸比丘,你们应这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū gilānānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ paṇīte piṇḍapāte nīharanti. Gilānā na cittarūpaṃ bhuñjanti. Tāni bhikkhū chaṭṭenti. Assosi kho bhagavā uccāsaddaṃ mahāsaddaṃ kākoravasaddaṃ. Sutvāna āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho so, ānanda, uccāsaddo mahāsaddo kākoravasaddo’’ti? Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi. ‘‘Bhuñjeyyuṃ panānanda, bhikkhū gilānātiritta’’nti. ‘‘Na bhuñjeyyuṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi bhikkhave, gilānassa ca agilānassa ca atirittaṃ bhuñjituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, atirittaṃ kātabbaṃ – ‘‘alametaṃ sabba’’nti. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
238 若比丘吃饱、已遮足(表示满足)后,又取用非「余食法」所作的硬食或软食来嚼食或吃,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yopana bhikkhu bhuttāvī pavārito anatirittaṃ khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, pācittiya’’nti.
239 在此处,这个意义上的'比丘', 是指这样的……像这样的……之人。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
称作'食物'的,是指五种主食中的任何一种,哪怕只是用吉祥草的尖端沾取那么一丁点,也算是吃了。显示巴利原文
nāma pañcannaṃ bhojanānaṃ aññataraṃ bhojanaṃ antamaso kusaggenapi bhuttaṃ hoti.
称作'残食'的,是指:能看出是在用餐,能看出那是食物,施食者站在伸手可及的范围内递送食物,并且能看出有拒绝的行为。显示巴利原文
nāma asanaṃ paññāyati, bhojanaṃ paññāyati, hatthapāse ṭhito abhiharati, paṭikkhepo paññāyati.
称作'非残食'的,是指:食物未经净化处理、未被亲手接受、未被近前举送、不在伸手可及范围之内进行、不是由已食者所作、由已食且表示满足者、已离座者所作、未说'所有这些都够了'、不是病人的残食——这些就叫做非残食。显示巴利原文
nāma akappiyakataṃ hoti, appaṭiggahitakataṃ hoti, anuccāritakataṃ hoti , ahatthapāse kataṃ hoti, abhuttāvinā kataṃ hoti, bhuttāvinā pavāritena āsanā vuṭṭhitena kataṃ hoti, ‘‘alametaṃ sabbanti avuttaṃ hoti, na gilānātirittaṃ hoti’’ – etaṃ anatirittaṃ nāma.
以下这几种称为剩余食:已经被做成如法可用的,已经被接受了的,已经被端起来的,在伸手可及的范围内做成的,已经吃饱的人做成的,已经吃饱并且已经拒绝、尚未从座位上起身的人做成的,说了“这些都够了”之后所形成的,以及病人的残食——这些就叫做剩余食。显示巴利原文
nāma kappiyakataṃ hoti, paṭiggahitakataṃ hoti, uccāritakataṃ hoti, hatthapāse kataṃ hoti, bhuttāvinā kataṃ hoti, bhuttāvinā pavāritena āsanā avuṭṭhitena kataṃ hoti, ‘‘alametaṃ sabba’’nti vuttaṃ hoti, gilānātirittaṃ hoti – etaṃ atirittaṃ nāma.
除了五种正食、时分药、七日药、尽形寿药之外,其余的那些就叫做嚼食。显示巴利原文
nāma pañca bhojanāni – yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ khādanīyaṃ nāma.
这五种叫做噉食:米饭、面粥、炒粉、鱼、肉。显示巴利原文
nāma pañca bhojanāni – odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, maṃsaṃ.
若想着“我要嚼、我要吃”而接受,犯恶作;每吞咽一口,就犯一次波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī’’ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.
240 对于非剩余食,作非剩余食想,嚼食嚼食或噉食噉食,犯波逸提。对于非剩余食,有疑,嚼食嚼食或噉食噉食,犯波逸提。对于非剩余食,作剩余食想,嚼食嚼食或噉食噉食,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Anatiritte anatirittasaññī khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Anatiritte vematiko khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Anatiritte atirittasaññī khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
为了食用的目的而接受时分药、七日药、尽形寿药,犯恶作。每吞咽一口,就犯一次恶作。对于剩余食,作非剩余食想,犯恶作。对于剩余食,有疑,犯恶作。对于剩余食,作剩余食想,无罪。显示巴利原文
Yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ āhāratthāya paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti dukkaṭassa. Atiritte anatirittasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Atiritte vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Atiritte atirittasaññī, anāpatti.
241 无罪的情况:让食成为剩余食之后再吃;怀着“让成为剩余食后再吃”的想法而接受;为了别人的利益而端着食物离开;吃病人的残食;在有因缘的情况下,受用时分药、七日药、尽形寿药;精神失常者;最初犯戒的人。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti atirittaṃ kārāpetvā bhuñjati, ‘‘atirittaṃ kārāpetvā bhuñjissāmī’’ti paṭiggaṇhāti, aññassatthāya haranto gacchati, gilānassa sesakaṃ bhuñjati, yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ sati paccaye paribhuñjati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
6. 第二请食学处显示巴利原文
6. Dutiyapavāraṇāsikkhāpadaṃ
242 那时,佛陀世尊正住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。而就在那时,有两位比丘在憍萨罗国境内,正走在前往舍卫城的远路上。其中一位比丘做了不如法的行为。第二位比丘就对那位比丘说:“贤友,不要做这样的事,这不被允许。”那位比丘却因此对他心怀怨恨。后来,那些比丘到了舍卫城。就在那时,舍卫城里某个团体正在举办供僧宴会。那位第二位比丘已经吃饱,并且已经拒绝了进一步的饮食。那位心怀怨恨的比丘就去了亲戚家,带回来一份钵食,走到那位比丘那里;走过去之后,对那位比丘说:“贤友,吃吧。”那位比丘回答:“够了,贤友,我已经饱了。”“贤友,这钵食很好,你就吃吧。”结果,那位比丘被那位比丘再三逼迫,就把那份钵食给吃了。那位心怀怨恨的比丘就对那位比丘说:“贤友,你倒好,居然还觉得可以教训我——可你自己,明明已经吃饱、已经拒绝了,却还吃这非剩余的食物!”(那位比丘说:)“贤友,那你当时不是该提醒我吗?”“贤友,那你当时不是该问一声吗?”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena dve bhikkhū kosalesu janapade sāvatthiṃ addhānamaggappaṭipannā honti. Eko bhikkhu anācāraṃ ācarati. Dutiyo bhikkhu taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘māvuso, evarūpamakāsi, netaṃ kappatī’’ti. So tasmiṃ upanandhi. Atha kho te bhikkhū sāvatthiṃ agamaṃsu. Tena kho pana samayena sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa pūgassa saṅghabhattaṃ hoti. Dutiyo bhikkhu bhuttāvī pavārito hoti. Upanaddho bhikkhu ñātikulaṃ gantvā piṇḍapātaṃ ādāya yena so bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bhuñjāhi, āvuso’’ti. ‘‘Alaṃ, āvuso, paripuṇṇomhī’’ti. ‘‘Sundaro, āvuso, piṇḍapāto, bhuñjāhī’’ti. Atha kho so bhikkhu tena bhikkhunā nippīḷiyamāno taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñji. Upanaddho bhikkhu taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tvampi nāma, āvuso, maṃ vattabbaṃ maññasi yaṃ tvaṃ bhuttāvī pavārito anatirittaṃ bhojanaṃ bhuñjasī’’ti. ‘‘Nanu, āvuso, ācikkhitabba’’nti. ‘‘Nanu, āvuso, pucchitabba’’nti.
于是,那位比丘把这事告诉了诸比丘。那些少欲知足的诸比丘……呵责、批评、指责道:"身为比丘,怎么可以对已经吃饱、拒绝食物的比丘,强行用非剩余食物来劝食呢!"……"比丘,你确实对已经吃饱、拒绝食物的比丘,用非剩余食物强行劝食了吗?""是的,世尊。"佛陀世尊呵责道……"愚人,你怎么可以对已经吃饱、拒绝食物的比丘,用非剩余食物强行劝食呢!愚人,这既不能让未生信者生信……既然这样,诸比丘,应当这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Atha kho so bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhu bhikkhuṃ bhuttāviṃ pavāritaṃ anatirittena bhojanena abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāressatī’’ ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhikkhuṃ bhuttāviṃ pavāritaṃ anatirittena bhojanena abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāresīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, bhikkhuṃ bhuttāviṃ pavāritaṃ anatirittena bhojanena abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāressasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana bhikkhave imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
243 若比丘明知对方已吃饱、已遮足,仍以非余食法的硬食或软食殷勤劝他「来,比丘,嚼吧、吃吧」,存心要找他过失,在他吃下时,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhuṃ bhuttāviṃ pavāritaṃ anatirittena khādanīyena vā bhojanīyena vā abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāreyya – ‘handa, bhikkhu, khāda vā bhuñja vā’ti, jānaṃ āsādanāpekkho, bhuttasmiṃ, pācittiya’’nti.
244 凡是什么样的……所谓'比丘'者,在此义理中即指此。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
另一比丘。显示巴利原文
nti aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ.
五种食物中吃过的任何一种,哪怕只是尝了茅草尖那么一丁点。显示巴利原文
nāma pañcannaṃ bhojanānaṃ aññataraṃ bhojanaṃ, antamaso kusaggenapi bhuttaṃ hoti.
食物看得见,进食看得见,站在手臂范围内递过去,拒绝也很明显。显示巴利原文
nāma asanaṃ paññāyati, bhojanaṃ paññāyati, hatthapāse ṭhito abhiharati, paṭikkhepo paññāyati.
没有经过作净、没有经过受持、没有经过提示、在手臂范围之外做的、由还没吃完的人所做的、对已经吃完并拒绝食物且从座位上站了起来的人做的、没有说“这些全都够了”、不是病人所剩——这就叫做非剩余。显示巴利原文
nāma akappiyakataṃ hoti, appaṭiggahitakataṃ hoti, anuccāritakataṃ hoti, ahatthapāse kataṃ hoti, abhuttāvinā kataṃ hoti, bhuttāvinā pavāritena āsanā vuṭṭhitena kataṃ hoti, ‘‘alametaṃ sabba’’nti avuttaṃ hoti, na gilānātirittaṃ hoti – etaṃ anatirittaṃ nāma.
五种食物:除了非时药、七日药、尽形寿药之外,其余的都叫嚼食。显示巴利原文
nāma pañca bhojanāni – yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ khādanīyaṃ nāma.
五种食物为:饭、粥、炒粉、鱼、肉。显示巴利原文
nāma pañca bhojanāni – odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, maṃsaṃ.
意思是:你想要多少,就拿多少。显示巴利原文
ti yāvatakaṃ icchasi tāvatakaṃ gaṇhāhīti.
意思是:他自己知道,或者别人告诉他,或者他告诉别人。显示巴利原文
nāma sāmaṃ vā jānāti, aññe vā tassa ārocenti, so vā āroceti.
若他想:‘我要用这食物去责难他、训诫他、反责他、反训他、让他难堪’,而把食物拿给他,犯恶作。对方听了他的话后,心想‘我要吃、我要用’而接受,犯恶作。每吞咽一口,犯恶作。吃完饭时,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti ‘‘iminā imaṃ codessāmi sāressāmi paṭicodessāmi paṭisāressāmi maṅku karissāmī’’ti abhiharati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Tassa vacanena ‘‘khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī’’ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti dukkaṭassa. Bhojanapariyosāne āpatti pācittiyassa.
245 在对方已表示吃够,自己也认为对方已表示吃够的情况下,再用非剩余的食物或主食去劝请,犯波逸提。在对方已表示吃够,自己不确定的情况下,再用非剩余的食物或主食去劝请,犯恶作。在对方已表示吃够,自己却认为对方未表示吃够的情况下,再用非剩余的食物或主食去劝请,不犯。若拿隔夜食、七日食、终生药作为食物给他,犯恶作。对方听了他的话后,心想‘我要吃、我要用’而接受,犯恶作。每吞咽一口,犯恶作。在对方未表示吃够,自己却认为他已表示吃够的情况下劝请,犯恶作。在对方未表示吃够,自己不确定的情况下劝请,犯恶作。在对方未表示吃够,自己也认为对方未表示吃够的情况下劝请,不犯。显示巴利原文
Pavārite pavāritasaññī anatirittena khādanīyena vā bhojanīyena vā abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāreti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Pavārite vematiko anatirittena khādanīyena vā bhojanīyena vā abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāreti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Pavārite appavāritasaññī anatirittena khādanīyena vā bhojanīyena vā abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāreti, anāpatti. Yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ āhāratthāya abhiharati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Tassa vacanena ‘‘khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī’’ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti dukkaṭassa. Appavārite pavāritasaññī , āpatti dukkaṭassa. Appavārite vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Appavārite appavāritasaññī, anāpatti.
246 无犯的情况是:让人做成剩余食后给;说“做成剩余食后再吃”而给;为了给别人而带去时,说“你拿去吧”而给;给病人的剩余食;在有因缘时给时分药、七日药、尽形寿药,并说“你受用吧”;对精神失常者;对最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti atirittaṃ kārāpetvā deti, ‘‘atirittaṃ kārāpetvā bhuñjāhī’’ti deti, aññassatthāya haranto gacchāhīti deti, gilānassa sesakaṃ deti, ‘‘yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ sati paccaye paribhuñjā’’ti deti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
7. 非时食学处显示巴利原文
7. Vikālabhojanasikkhāpadaṃ
247 那时,佛陀、世尊住在王舍城竹林迦兰陀迦园。当时,王舍城正在举行山顶祭典。十七位比丘结伴前去观看山顶祭典。人们看到这十七位比丘后,就请他们沐浴、涂香、提供食物,并给了嚼食。十七位比丘拿着嚼食回到寺院,对六群比丘说:‘贤友们,请拿去,吃这些嚼食吧。’‘贤友们,你们从哪里得到这些嚼食的?’十七位比丘便把这件事告诉了六群比丘。‘贤友们,难道你们在非时用餐了吗?’‘是的,贤友们。’六群比丘指责、批评、非难说:‘十七位比丘怎么可以在非时用餐呢!’然后,六群比丘把这件事告诉了其他比丘。那些少欲知足……的诸比丘也指责、批评、非难说:‘十七位比丘怎么可以在非时用餐呢!’……‘诸比丘,你们确实在非时用餐了吗?’‘确实是的,世尊。’佛陀世尊呵责说……‘你们这些愚蠢的人,怎么可以在非时用餐呢!愚蠢的人,这既不能让未生信心的人生起信心……’接着又说:‘诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——’显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena rājagahe giraggasamajjo hoti. Sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū giraggasamajjaṃ dassanāya agamaṃsu. Manussā sattarasavaggiye bhikkhū passitvā nahāpetvā vilimpetvā bhojetvā khādanīyaṃ adaṃsu. Sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū khādanīyaṃ ādāya ārāmaṃ gantvā chabbaggiye bhikkhū etadavocuṃ – ‘‘gaṇhāthāvuso, khādanīyaṃ khādathā’’ti. ‘‘Kuto tumhehi, āvuso, khādanīyaṃ laddha’’nti? Sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū chabbaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tumhe, āvuso, vikāle bhojanaṃ bhuñjathā’’ti? ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū vikāle bhojanaṃ bhuñjissantī’’ti! Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū vikāle bhojanaṃ bhuñjissantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, vikāle bhojanaṃ bhuñjathāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, vikāle bhojanaṃ bhuñjissatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
248 若比丘在非时(过午)嚼食或吃硬食、软食,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Yopana bhikkhu vikāle khādanīyaṃvā bhojanīyaṃ vā khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, pācittiya’’nti.
249 ……像这样的……这个人在这个意义上被称为比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
正午过后直到破晓时分。显示巴利原文
nāma majjhanhike vītivatte yāva aruṇuggamanā.
除了五种食物以及时分药、七日药、尽形寿药之外,其余的都称为嚼食。显示巴利原文
nāma pañca bhojanāni – yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ khādanīyaṃ nāma.
这五种主食是:米饭、粥、炒粉、鱼、肉。显示巴利原文
nāma pañca bhojanāni – odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, maṃsaṃ.
以'我要嚼、我要吃'的心接受,犯恶作;每吞下一口,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī’’ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.
250 非时,有非时想,嚼食或吃嚼食或噉食,犯波逸提。非时,有疑,嚼食或吃嚼食或噉食,犯波逸提。非时,有时想,嚼食或吃嚼食或噉食,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Vikāle vikālasaññī khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Vikāle vematiko khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Vikāle kālasaññī khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
接受一日内有效的、七日内有效的、终身有效的作食物用,犯恶作。每吞下一口,犯恶作。适时,有非时想,犯恶作。适时,有疑,犯恶作。适时,有时想,不犯。显示巴利原文
Yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ āhāratthāya paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti dukkaṭassa. Kāle vikālasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Kāle vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Kāle kālasaññī, anāpatti.
251 不犯:在有因缘时受用一日内有效的、七日内有效的、终身有效的;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ sati paccaye paribhuñjati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
8. 贮藏学处显示巴利原文
8. Sannidhikārakasikkhāpadaṃ
252 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。就在那时,具寿阿难陀的亲教师具寿贝拉塔西沙在森林中居住。他托钵乞食后,把干粮带回寺院,晒干后存放起来。当需要食物的时候,他就用水反复浸泡后食用,很久才进村托钵一次。诸比丘对具寿贝拉塔西沙这样说:“贤友,你为什么很久才进村托钵一次呢?”于是,具寿贝拉塔西沙就把这件事告诉了诸比丘。“贤友,难道你在吃储存的食物吗?”“是的,贤友们。”那些少欲的诸比丘……呵责道:“具寿贝拉塔西沙怎么能吃储存的食物呢?”……“贝拉塔西沙,你真的在吃储存的食物吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责……说:“贝拉塔西沙,你怎么能吃储存的食物呢!贝拉塔西沙,这既不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato ānandassa upajjhāyo āyasmā belaṭṭhasīso araññe viharati. So piṇḍāya caritvā sukkhakuraṃ ārāmaṃ haritvā sukkhāpetvā nikkhipati. Yadā āhārena attho hoti, tadā udakena temetvā temetvā bhuñjati, cirena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisati. Bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ belaṭṭhasīsaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kissa tvaṃ, āvuso, cirena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisasī’’ti? Atha kho āyasmā belaṭṭhasīso bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, āvuso, sannidhikārakaṃ bhojanaṃ bhuñjasī’’ti? ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā belaṭṭhasīso sannidhikārakaṃ bhojanaṃ bhuñjissatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, belaṭṭhasīsa, sannidhikārakaṃ bhojanaṃ bhuñjasīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, belaṭṭhasīsa, sannidhikārakaṃ bhojanaṃ bhuñjissasi! Netaṃ, belaṭṭhasīsa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
253 若比丘嚼食或吃储存过夜的硬食、软食,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yopana bhikkhu sannidhikārakaṃ khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vākhādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, pācittiya’’nti.
254 此处所指的比丘,就是像这样的、如此这般的……显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓今日接受而隔日食用者。显示巴利原文
nāma ajja paṭiggahitaṃ aparajju khāditaṃ hoti.
所谓非主食,是指除去五种主食、时分药、七日药、尽形寿药之外,其余的可嚼食称为非主食。显示巴利原文
nāma pañca bhojanāni – yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ khādanīyaṃ nāma.
所谓主食,是指五种食物——米饭、面食、炒粉、鱼、肉。显示巴利原文
nāma pañca bhojanāni – odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, maṃsaṃ.
心想“我要吃,我要受用”而接受,犯恶作。每咽下一口,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī’’ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.
255 对储存物有储存想,嚼食或食用非主食或主食,犯波逸提。对储存物有疑惑,嚼食或食用非主食或主食,犯波逸提。对储存物有非储存想,嚼食或食用非主食或主食,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Sannidhikārake sannidhikārakasaññī khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Sannidhikārake vematiko khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Sannidhikārake asannidhikārakasaññī khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
接受时分药、七日药、尽形寿药作为食物用,犯恶作。每吞咽一次,犯恶作。对于非储存物,作储存物想,犯恶作。对于非储存物而疑惑,犯恶作。对于非储存物,作非储存物想,不犯。显示巴利原文
Yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ āhāratthāya paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti dukkaṭassa. Asannidhikārake sannidhikārakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Asannidhikārake vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Asannidhikārake asannidhikārakasaññī, anāpatti.
256 不犯:时限食在适时储存后食用;时分药在其时限内储存后食用;七日药在七日内储存后食用;尽形寿药在有因缘时使用;精神失常者、最初犯者不犯。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti yāvakālikaṃ yāvakāle nidahitvā bhuñjati, yāmakālikaṃ yāme nidahitvā bhuñjati, sattāhakālikaṃ sattāhaṃ nidahitvā bhuñjati, yāvajīvikaṃ sati paccaye paribhuñjati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
9. 美食学处显示巴利原文
9. Paṇītabhojanasikkhāpadaṃ
257 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,六群比丘为自己要求了美味的食物来吃。人们为此讥嫌、批评、非议说:“这些释迦族的沙门,怎么能为自己要求美味食物来吃呢!谁的供养不美味,谁做的好东西不可口呢!”那些少欲知足的诸比丘听到了这些人的讥嫌、批评、非议后,也讥嫌、批评、非议说:“这些六群比丘,怎么能为自己要求美味食物来吃呢!”……(诸比丘将此事禀告世尊)世尊问:“诸比丘,你们是否真的为自己要求了美味食物来吃?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责说:“你们这些愚痴的人!怎么能为自己要求美味食物来吃呢!愚痴的人啊,这不能使未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处:显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjanti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjissanti! Kassa sampannaṃ na manāpaṃ, kassa sāduṃ na ruccatī’’ti!! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjissantī’’ti …pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjathāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjissatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
美食者,即酥、生酥、油、蜜、糖、鱼、肉、乳、酪。任何比丘,为自己乞求这类美食而食用者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
那时,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
258 后来,有一些比丘生病了。探望病者的比丘问生病的诸比丘:“贤友,身体还能忍受吗?还能维持吗?”病诸比丘回答说:“贤友,以前我们会为自己要求美味食物来吃,那时我们感觉很安稳;但现在,因为‘被世尊禁止了’,我们有所顾忌不敢去要求,因此感觉不安稳。”诸比丘将此事禀告了世尊。于是,世尊以此因缘、以此事由,作了一番法语开示后,告诉诸比丘:“诸比丘,我允许生病的比丘为自己要求美味食物来吃。诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处:显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū gilānā honti. Gilānapucchakā bhikkhū gilāne bhikkhū etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kaccāvuso khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīya’’nti? ‘‘Pubbe mayaṃ, āvuso, paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjāma, tena no phāsu hoti; idāni pana ‘‘bhagavatā paṭikkhitta’’nti kukkuccāyantā na viññāpema, tena no na phāsu hotī’’ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānena bhikkhunā paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
259 美食者,即酥、生酥、油、蜜、糖、鱼、肉、乳、酪。任何比丘,无病而为自己乞求这类美食而食用者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yānikho pana tāni paṇītabhojanāni, seyyathidaṃ – sappi navanītaṃ telaṃ madhu phāṇitaṃ maccho maṃsaṃ khīraṃ dadhi. Yo pana bhikkhu evarūpāni paṇītabhojanāni agilāno attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
260 所谓酥油,是指牛酥油、山羊酥油、水牛酥油,或凡是肉可食用的那些动物的酥油。显示巴利原文
ti nāma gosappi vā ajikāsappi vā mahiṃsasappi vā, yesaṃ maṃsaṃ kappati tesaṃ sappi.
这就是所谓的生酥。显示巴利原文
nāma tesaññeva navanītaṃ.
这就是所谓的芝麻油、芥子油、蜜树油、蓖麻油和动物油。显示巴利原文
nāma tilatelaṃ sāsapatelaṃ madhukatelaṃ eraṇḍatelaṃ vasātelaṃ.
这就是所谓的蜂蜜。显示巴利原文
nāma makkhikāmadhu .
这就是所谓的从甘蔗制成的东西。显示巴利原文
nāma ucchumhā nibbattaṃ.
所谓鱼,就是指水中生活者。显示巴利原文
nāma udako vuccati.
这就是所谓允许吃的动物的肉。显示巴利原文
nāma yesaṃ maṃsaṃ kappati, tesaṃ maṃsaṃ.
这就是所谓的牛奶、山羊奶或水牛奶,也就是那些允许吃的动物的奶。显示巴利原文
nāma gokhīraṃ vā ajikākhīraṃ vā mahiṃsakhīraṃ vā, yesaṃ maṃsaṃ kappati, tesaṃ khīraṃ.
这就是所谓的它们的乳酪。显示巴利原文
nāma tesaññeva dadhi.
所谓的比丘,是指这样类型的……在此义理中被定义为比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓尊贵美食,是指那些类别的食物。显示巴利原文
ti tathārūpāni paṇītabhojanāni.
所谓“若离开这些就安乐”,是指离开这些尊贵美食就过得舒服。显示巴利原文
nāma yassa vinā paṇītabhojanāni phāsu hoti.
所谓“若离开这些就不安乐”,是指离开这些尊贵美食就过得不舒服。显示巴利原文
nāma yassa vinā paṇītabhojanāni na phāsu hoti.
无病者为自己向人索求——在行动时犯恶作。得到后,心想“我要吃”而接受,犯恶作。每吞下一口,便犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Agilāno attano atthāya viññāpeti, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena ‘‘bhuñjissāmī’’ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.
261 无病者,以为自己无病,为自己索求尊贵美食而食用,犯波逸提。无病者,心中犹疑,为自己索求尊贵美食而食用,犯波逸提。无病者,以为自己有病,为自己索求尊贵美食而食用,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Agilāno agilānasaññī paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Agilāno vematiko paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Agilāno gilānasaññī paṇītabhojanāni attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
有病者,以为自己无病,犯恶作。有病者,心中犹疑,犯恶作。有病者,知道自己有病,不犯。显示巴利原文
Gilāno agilānasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Gilāno vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Gilāno gilānasaññī anāpatti.
262 不犯的情况有:生病的人;生病时索求,病好之后食用;吃生病比丘剩下的食物;向亲属、受邀者索求;为别人而用自己的钱财索求;精神失常者;最初的犯行者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti gilānassa, gilāno hutvā viññāpetvā agilāno bhuñjati, gilānassa sesakaṃ bhuñjati, ñātakānaṃ pavāritānaṃ aññassatthāya attano dhanena, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
10. 齿木学处显示巴利原文
10. Dantaponasikkhāpadaṃ
263 那时,佛陀世尊住在毗舍离大林的重阁讲堂。当时,有一位比丘是粪扫衣者,住在坟场。他对于人们所布施的不想接受,而是自己在坟场中、树根下、门槛边等处,把人们丢弃的供品拿取来受用。人们讥嫌、批评、指责说:'这位比丘怎么能自己拿取我们丢弃的供品来受用呢!这位比丘大概是个无耻之徒,好像在吃人肉吧!'诸比丘听到了那些人的讥嫌、批评、指责。那些少欲的比丘……也讥嫌、批评、指责说:'比丘怎么能未经授予,通过口门摄取食物呢?'……'比丘,你真的未经授予,通过口门摄取食物了吗?''是真的,世尊。'佛陀世尊呵责……说:'愚人,你怎么能未经授予,通过口门摄取食物呢!愚人,这既不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,应当这样诵此学处——'显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu sabbapaṃsukūliko susāne viharati. So manussehi diyyamānaṃ na icchati paṭiggahetuṃ, susānepi rukkhamūlepi ummārepi ayyavosāṭitakāni sāmaṃ gahetvā paribhuñjati . Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma ayaṃ bhikkhu amhākaṃ ayyavosāṭitakāni sāmaṃ gahetvā paribhuñjissati! Theroyaṃ bhikkhu vaṭharo manussamaṃsaṃ maññe khādatī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhu adinnaṃ mukhadvāraṃ āhāraṃ āharissatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhikkhu, adinnaṃ mukhadvāraṃ āhāraṃ āharasīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, adinnaṃ mukhadvāraṃ āhāraṃ āharissasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,把未经给与的食物送入口中者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这项学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
264 当时,诸比丘对漱口的木片有些不确定。他们将此事禀告世尊……'诸比丘,允许自己拿取漱口木片来受用。诸比丘,应当这样诵此学处——'显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū udakadantapone kukkuccāyanti . Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, udakadantaponaṃ sāmaṃ gahetvā paribhuñjituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
265 若比丘把未经给与的食物送入口中,除了水和齿木(杨枝)之外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu adinnaṃ mukhadvāraṃ āhāraṃ āhareyya, aññatra udakadantaponā, pācittiya’’nti.
266 这里的'比丘'是指……这样的……比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
'未经亲手接受'是指……显示巴利原文
nāma appaṭiggahitakaṃ vuccati.
所谓“已授予”,是指施与者以身体、身体所连物,或投放的方式给予时,受者站在伸手可及的范围内,以身体或身体所连物接受,这称为已授予。显示巴利原文
nāma kāyena vā kāyapaṭibaddhena vā nissaggiyena vā dente hatthapāse ṭhito kāyena vā kāyapaṭibaddhena vā paṭiggaṇhāti, etaṃ dinnaṃ nāma.
除了水与净齿木之外,凡是可吞咽之物,这就称为食物。显示巴利原文
nāma udakadantaponaṃ ṭhapetvā yaṃkiñci ajjhoharaṇīyaṃ, eso āhāro nāma.
除了水与净齿木。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā udakadantaponaṃ.
心里想着“我将嚼食,我将啖食”而拿取,犯恶作。每一口吞咽,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī’’ti gaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.
267 对于未受持的食物,作未受持想,从口门进食未授予的食物,除了水与齿木,犯波逸提。对于未受持的食物,心存疑虑,从口门进食未授予的食物,除了水与齿木,犯波逸提。对于未受持的食物,作已受持想,从口门进食未授予的食物,除了水与齿木,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Appaṭiggahitake appaṭiggahitakasaññī adinnaṃ mukhadvāraṃ āhāraṃ āhāreti, aññatra udakadantaponā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Appaṭiggahitake vematiko adinnaṃ mukhadvāraṃ āhāraṃ āhāreti, aññatra udakadantaponā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Appaṭiggahitake paṭiggahitakasaññī adinnaṃ mukhadvāraṃ āhāraṃ āhāreti, aññatra udakadantaponā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
对于已受持的食物,作未受持想,犯恶作。对于已受持的食物,心存疑虑,犯恶作。对于已受持的食物,作已受持想,无犯。显示巴利原文
Paṭiggahitake appaṭiggahitakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Paṭiggahitake vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Paṭiggahitake paṭiggahitakasaññī, anāpatti.
268 无犯:水与净齿木;四种大粗劣食,当有病因缘而无作持者时,自己取用而食;疯狂者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti udakadantapone, cattāri mahāvikatāni sati paccaye asati kappiyakārake sāmaṃ gahetvā paribhuñjati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
团食、僧团、他人、糕点,以及所说的两种自恣;
非时食、储存食、乳,以及净齿木,这十种。
显示巴利原文 Piṇḍo gaṇaṃ paraṃ pūvaṃ, dve ca vuttā pavāraṇā; Vikāle sannidhī khīraṃ, dantaponena te dasāti.
5. 裸形外道品显示巴利原文
5. Acelakavaggo
1. 裸行者学处显示巴利原文
1. Acelakasikkhāpadaṃ
269 那时,佛陀世尊住在毘舍离大林重阁讲堂。那时,僧团的食物极其丰盛。具寿阿难将此禀告世尊。世尊说:“阿难,把糕饼分给那些吃残食的人。”阿难尊者应诺后,让吃残食的人依次坐好,逐一发放糕饼。他误以为只给一块,却给了某位女游行者两块。旁边的女游行者对她说:“那沙门是你的情人!”她说:“那沙门不是我的情人,他以为是一块,却给了两块。”第二次……第三次,阿难尊者仍逐一发放糕饼,又错给同一位女游行者两块。旁的女游行者又说那沙门是她的情人。她仍否认。她们为此争执“是情人不是情人”。另有一位邪命外道前去应供,一位比丘用大量酥油拌饭,给了他一大团饭。那邪命外道拿了饭团就走了。另一个邪命外道问他:“朋友,你从哪儿得的这饭团?”他答:“朋友,是从那沙门乔达摩——剃头居士的施食处得来的。”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena saṅghassa khādanīyaṃ ussannaṃ hoti. Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi. ‘‘Tenahānanda, vighāsādānaṃ pūvaṃ dehī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ bhante’’ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā vighāsāde paṭipāṭiyā nisīdāpetvā ekekaṃ pūvaṃ dento aññatarissā paribbājikāya ekaṃ maññamāno dve pūve adāsi. Sāmantā paribbājikāyo taṃ paribbājikaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘jāro te eso samaṇo’’ti. ‘‘Na me so samaṇo jāro, ekaṃ maññamāno dve pūve adāsī’’ti. Dutiyampi kho…pe… tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando ekekaṃ pūvaṃ dento tassāyeva paribbājikāya ekaṃ maññamāno dve pūve adāsi. Sāmantā paribbājikāyo taṃ paribbājikaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘jāro te eso samaṇo’’ti. ‘‘Na me so samaṇo jāro, ekaṃ maññamāno dve pūve adāsī’’ti. ‘‘Jāro na jāro’’ti bhaṇḍiṃsu. Aññataropi ājīvako parivesanaṃ agamāsi. Aññataro bhikkhu pahūtena sappinā odanaṃ madditvā tassa ājīvakassa mahantaṃ piṇḍaṃ adāsi. Atha kho so ājīvako taṃ piṇḍaṃ ādāya agamāsi. Aññataro ājīvako taṃ ājīvakaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kuto tayā, āvuso, piṇḍo laddho’’ti? ‘‘Tassāvuso, samaṇassa gotamassa muṇḍagahapatikassa parivesanāya laddho’’ti.
居士们听到了那些邪命外道的这番对话。于是他们去见世尊,顶礼后坐在一边。坐定后,他们对世尊说:“尊者,这些外道专想诋毁佛陀、诋毁法、诋毁僧。尊者,请让圣者们不要亲手布施给外道吧。”那时,世尊以法开示、劝导、激励、令这些居士欢喜。居士们蒙受法开示、劝导、激励、生欢喜后,从座起身,向世尊顶礼,右绕后离去。然后,世尊以此因缘、此事由,说法后告诉诸比丘:“那么,诸比丘,我将为诸比丘制定学处,基于十种利益:为了僧团的优良,为了僧团的安乐……为了正法的安住,为了律的护持。诸比丘,应当这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Assosuṃ kho upāsakā tesaṃ ājīvakānaṃ imaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ. Atha kho te upāsakā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te upāsakā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘ime, bhante, titthiyā avaṇṇakāmā buddhassa avaṇṇakāmā dhammassa avaṇṇakāmā saṅghassa. Sādhu, bhante, ayyā titthiyānaṃ sahatthā na dadeyyu’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā te upāsake dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho te upāsakā bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassitā samādapitā samuttejitā sampahaṃsitā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapessāmi dasa atthavase paṭicca – saṅghasuṭṭhutāya, saṅghaphāsutāya …pe… saddhammaṭṭhitiyā, vinayānuggahāya. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
270 若比丘亲手把硬食、软食给与裸形外道、普行男外道或普行女外道,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu acelakassa vā paribbājakassa vā paribbājikāya vā sahatthā khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā dadeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
271 。这里所说的“比丘”,是指如此这般者……。在此意义上,所指的正是比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓“裸形外道”,是指任何成为外道游行者且裸体的人。显示巴利原文
nāma yo koci paribbājakasamāpanno naggo.
所谓“男游行外道”,是指除比丘和沙弥之外,任何成为男游行外道者的人。显示巴利原文
nāma bhikkhuñca sāmaṇerañca ṭhapetvā yo koci paribbājakasamāpanno.
所谓“女游行者”,是指除比丘尼、在学尼和沙马内莉之外,任何成为女游行者的人。显示巴利原文
nāma bhikkhuniñca sikkhamānañca sāmaṇeriñca ṭhapetvā yā kāci paribbājikasamāpannā.
嚼食有五种:除了清水和齿木之外,其余的都是嚼食。显示巴利原文
nāma pañca bhojanāni – udakadantaponaṃ ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ khādanīyaṃ nāma.
啖食有五种:饭、粥、炒粉、鱼、肉。显示巴利原文
nāma pañca bhojanāni – odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, maṃsaṃ.
以身体、或身体附着物、或以赠送的方式亲手给予,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti kāyena vā kāyapaṭibaddhena vā nissaggiyena vā deti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
272 认为对方是外道而亲手给予嚼食或啖食,犯波逸提。对外道身份有疑而亲手给予嚼食或啖食,犯波逸提。不认为对方是外道而亲手给予嚼食或啖食,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Titthiye titthiyasaññī sahatthā khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā deti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Titthiye vematiko sahatthā khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā deti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Titthiye atitthiyasaññī sahatthā khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā deti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
给予清水和齿木,犯恶作。认为不是外道者是外道,犯恶作。对不是外道者身份有疑,犯恶作。知道对方不是外道,无犯。显示巴利原文
Udakadantaponaṃ deti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Atitthiye titthiyasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Atitthiye vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Atitthiye atitthiyasaññī, anāpatti.
273 无犯的情况是:让人给而不是自己给、放在旁边给、给外用涂药、对精神失常者、对最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti dāpeti na deti, upanikkhipitvā deti, bāhirālepaṃ deti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
2. 教唆学处显示巴利原文
2. Uyyojanasikkhāpadaṃ
274 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,具寿释迦族优波难陀对他弟弟的弟子比丘这样说:“来吧,贤友,我们进村子里去托钵。”然后他没有让人给他食物就把他打发走了,说道:“你走吧,贤友,我和你一起说话或坐着都不舒服,我一个人说话或坐着才舒服。”那时,这位比丘在时间快到时已经来不及去托钵,在斋堂也没有赶上分食,结果断了食。这位比丘回到寺院后,把这件事告诉了诸比丘。那些少欲知足的诸比丘呵责、批评、指责道:“具寿释迦族优波难陀怎么可以对比丘说‘来吧,贤友,我们进村子里去托钵’,然后却没有让人给他食物就把他打发走呢?”……“优波难陀,你确实对比丘说了‘来吧,贤友,我们进村子里去托钵’,然后没有让人给他食物就把他打发走了,这是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道:“愚人!你怎么能对比丘说‘来吧,贤友,我们进村子里去托钵’,然后却没有让人给他食物就把他打发走呢!愚人,这不能使未生信者生信……”然后说:“诸比丘,应这样显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto bhātuno saddhivihārikaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ehāvuso, gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisissāmā’’ti. Tassa adāpetvā uyyojesi – ‘‘gacchāvuso, na me tayā saddhiṃ kathā vā nisajjā vā phāsu hoti, ekakassa me kathā vā nisajjā vā phāsu hotī’’ti. Atha kho so bhikkhu upakaṭṭhe kāle nāsakkhi piṇḍāya carituṃ, paṭikkamanepi bhattavissaggaṃ na sambhāvesi, chinnabhatto ahosi. Atha kho so bhikkhu ārāmaṃ gantvā bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto bhikkhuṃ – ‘ehāvuso, gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisissāmā’ti tassa adāpetvā uyyojessatī’’ti …pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, upananda, bhikkhuṃ – ‘‘ehāvuso, gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisissāmā’’ti tassa adāpetvā uyyojesīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, bhikkhuṃ – ‘‘ehāvuso, gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisissāmā’’ti tassa adāpetvā uyyojessasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave , imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
275 若比丘对(另一)比丘说「来,贤友,我们进村或镇里去乞食吧」,(到了之后)给或不给他食物,就把他遣走「去吧,贤友,跟你一起说话、同坐我不自在,我独自说话、独坐才自在」,只为此目的而无其他,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhuṃ – ‘‘ehāvuso, gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisissāmā’ti tassa dāpetvā vā adāpetvā vā uyyojeyya – ‘gacchāvuso, na me tayā saddhiṃ kathā vā nisajjā vā phāsu hoti, ekakassa me kathā vā nisajjā vā phāsu hotī’ti, etadeva paccayaṃ karitvā anaññaṃ, pācittiya’’nti.
276 比丘:即如此这般……者,在这里这个意义中所指的就是比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo, yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
其他比丘。显示巴利原文
nti aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ.
村、镇或城,即村落和市镇。显示巴利原文
ti gāmopi nigamopi nagarampi, gāmo ceva nigamo ca.
让人给了粥、饭、嚼食或啖食之后。显示巴利原文
ti yāguṃ vā bhattaṃ vā khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā dāpetvā.
没让人给任何东西。显示巴利原文
ti na kiñci dāpetvā.
由于想和女人一起嬉笑、玩耍、独处而坐、行不净行,于是说:‘贤友,你去吧,我与你一起谈话或坐着都不自在,我一个人谈话或坐着才自在。’ 这样驱赶,犯恶作。当对方离开视线范围或听力范围时,犯恶作;完全离开后,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti mātugāmena saddhiṃ hasitukāmo kīḷitukāmo raho nisīditukāmo anācāraṃ ācaritukāmo evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘gacchāvuso, na me tayā saddhiṃ kathā vā nisajjā vā phāsu hoti, ekakassa me kathā vā nisajjā vā phāsu hotī’’ti uyyojeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dassanūpacāraṃ vā savanūpacāraṃ vā vijahantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa. Vijahite, āpatti pācittiyassa.
没有任何其他理由去驱赶。显示巴利原文
nti na añño koci paccayo hoti uyyojetuṃ.
277 对已受具足戒者,作已受具足戒想而驱赶,犯波逸提。对已受具足戒者,心有疑惑而驱赶,犯波逸提。对已受具足戒者,作未受具足戒想而驱赶,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanne upasampannasaññī uyyojeti, āpatti pācittiyassa . Upasampanne vematiko uyyojeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne anupasampannasaññī uyyojeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
他把输的赌注押上去,犯恶作。他打发走未受具足戒的人,犯恶作。他把输的赌注押上去,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者,有已受具足戒之想,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者,心怀疑惑,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者,有未受具足戒之想,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Kalisāsanaṃ āropeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampannaṃ uyyojeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Kalisāsanaṃ āropeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne upasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne anupasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
278 无罪的情形是:怀着‘我们俩无法一起过活’的想法而打发他走;看见贵重的物品后,心想‘他会生起贪心’而打发他走;看见女人后,心想‘他会生起不乐(还俗的心)’而打发他走;为生病的人、或留在后面的人、或守护寺院的人,说‘把粥、饭食、硬食、软食送出去’而打发他走;并非想要做出非行;有应办之事时而打发他走;精神失常者、最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ‘‘ubho ekato na yāpessāmā’’ti uyyojeti, ‘‘mahagghaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ passitvā lobhadhammaṃ uppādessatī’’ti uyyojeti, ‘‘mātugāmaṃ passitvā anabhiratiṃ uppādessatī’’ti uyyojeti, ‘‘gilānassa vā ohiyyakassa vā vihārapālassa vā yāguṃ vā bhattaṃ vā khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā nīharā’’ti uyyojeti, na anācāraṃ ācaritukāmo, sati karaṇīye uyyojeti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
3. 与食学处显示巴利原文
3. Sabhojanasikkhāpadaṃ
279 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,具寿释迦族难陀到一位朋友的家里去,和朋友的妻子一起待在卧室里坐下。那时,那位男子就朝具寿释迦族难陀走过去;走到后,向具寿释迦族难陀行礼,然后坐在一边。坐在一边后,那位男子对妻子说:‘给尊者食物吧。’于是,那位妇女就给了具寿释迦族难陀食物。接着,那位男子对具寿释迦族难陀说:‘尊者,请走吧,尊者的食物已经给了。’这时,那位妇女察觉到:‘这个男人心里有火了’,便对具寿释迦族难陀说:‘尊者,请坐吧,先别走。’第二次,那位男子又说……乃至……第三次,那位男子对具寿释迦族难陀说:‘尊者,请走吧,尊者的食物已经给了。’第三次,那位妇女也对具寿释迦族难陀说:‘尊者,请坐吧,先别走。’显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto sahāyakassa gharaṃ gantvā tassa pajāpatiyā saddhiṃ sayanighare nisajjaṃ kappesi. Atha kho so puriso yenāyasmā upanando sakyaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so puriso pajāpatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘dadehāyyassa bhikkha’’nti. Atha kho sā itthī āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa bhikkhaṃ adāsi. Atha kho so puriso āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘gacchatha, bhante, yato ayyassa bhikkhā dinnā’’ti. Atha kho sā itthī sallakkhetvā – ‘‘pariyuṭṭhito ayaṃ puriso’’ti, āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘nisīdatha, bhante, mā agamitthā’’ti. Dutiyampi kho so puriso…pe… tatiyampi kho so puriso āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘gacchatha, bhante, yato ayyassa bhikkhā dinnā’’ti. Tatiyampi kho sā itthī āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘nisīdatha, bhante, mā agamitthā’’ti.
这时,那位男子出来后,向众比丘抱怨说:‘尊者们,这位难陀尊者跟我妻子一起待在卧室里坐着。我要他走,他都不肯走。我们有很多事要做,有很多活要干啊。’那些少欲知足的诸比丘……乃至……对此呵责、非难、指责说:‘释迦族难陀具寿怎么能在有男女同住之家里,未经通报就擅自坐下呢?’……乃至……‘难陀,你真的在有男女同住之家里,未经通报就擅自坐下了吗?’‘是真的,世尊。’佛陀世尊呵责说……乃至……‘你这愚人,怎么能在有男女同住之家里,未经通报就擅自坐下呢!你这愚人,这既不能让未生信者生信……乃至……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Atha kho so puriso nikkhamitvā bhikkhū ujjhāpesi – ‘‘ayaṃ, bhante, ayyo upanando mayhaṃ pajāpatiyā saddhiṃ sayanighare nisinno. So mayā uyyojīyamāno na icchati gantuṃ. Bahukiccā mayaṃ bahukaraṇīyā’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto sabhojane kule anupakhajja nisajjaṃ kappessatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, upananda, sabhojane kule anupakhajja nisajjaṃ kappesīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, sabhojane kule anupakhajja nisajjaṃ kappessasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
280 若比丘强行挤坐在有(夫妇)正事的人家里,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu sabhojane kule anupakhajja nisajjaṃ kappeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
281 “比丘”:凡是这样的……乃至……这就是此义中所说的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所说“有食物的人家”者,是指有女人也有男人,女人和男人两者都未离开,两者都未离欲。显示巴利原文
nāma kulaṃ itthī ceva hoti puriso ca, itthī ca puriso ca ubho anikkhantā honti, ubho avītarāgā.
侵入后。显示巴利原文
ti anupavisitvā.
在宽大的房屋里,离开后堂伸手可及的范围坐下,犯波逸提。在窄小的房屋里,越过屋脊梁坐下,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti mahallake ghare piṭṭhasaṅghāṭassa hatthapāsaṃ vijahitvā nisīdati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Khuddake ghare piṭṭhivaṃsaṃ atikkamitvā nisīdati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
282 在睡房中,有睡房想,于有食家庭不请擅入坐下,犯波逸提。在睡房中,疑惑,于有食家庭不请擅入坐下,犯波逸提。在睡房中,非睡房想,于有食家庭不请擅入坐下,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Sayanighare sayanigharasaññī sabhojane kule anupakhajja nisajjaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Sayanighare vematiko sabhojane kule anupakhajja nisajjaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Sayanighare nasayanigharasaññī sabhojane kule anupakhajja nisajjaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
非睡房,有睡房想,犯恶作。非睡房,疑惑,犯恶作。非睡房,非睡房想,无罪。显示巴利原文
Nasayanighare sayanigharasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nasayanighare vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nasayanighare nasayanigharasaññī, anāpatti.
283 无犯:在宽大的房屋里,不离开后堂伸手可及的范围坐下;在窄小的房屋里,不越过屋脊梁坐下;有第二位比丘;两人都已离开;两人都已离欲;非睡房;疯狂者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti mahallake ghare piṭṭhasaṅghāṭassa hatthapāsaṃ avijahitvā nisīdati, khuddake ghare piṭṭhivaṃsaṃ anatikkamitvā nisīdati, bhikkhu dutiyo hoti, ubho nikkhantā honti, ubho vītarāgā, nasayanighare, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
4. 屏处覆学处显示巴利原文
4. Rahopaṭicchannasikkhāpadaṃ
284 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。尔时,具寿优波难陀·释迦子到朋友家,与朋友的妻子单独在隐蔽处坐下。于是那个男子讥嫌、批评、非难:“具寿优波难陀怎么可以和我妻子单独在隐蔽处坐下呢!”诸比丘听到那个男子的讥嫌、批评、非难。那些少欲的诸比丘……也讥嫌、批评、非难:“具寿优波难陀·释迦子怎么可以和女人单独在隐蔽处坐下呢!”……“优波难陀,你真的和女人单独在隐蔽处坐下了吗?”“是的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责:“愚人!你怎么可以和女人单独在隐蔽处坐下!这不令未信者生信……诸比丘,应这样诵这个学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto sahāyakassa gharaṃ gantvā tassa pajāpatiyā saddhiṃ raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṃ kappesi. Atha kho so puriso ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma ayyo upanando mayhaṃ pajāpatiyā saddhiṃ raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṃ kappessatī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tassa purisassa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto mātugāmena saddhiṃ raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṃ kappessatīti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, upananda, mātugāmena saddhiṃ raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṃ kappesīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, mātugāmena saddhiṃ raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṃ kappessasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
285 若比丘与女人在屏蔽隐密的座位上共坐,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yopana bhikkhu mātugāmena saddhiṃ raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṃ kappeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
286 所谓‘比丘’,即是……在此意义上被指称为比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
‘女人’是指人类女性,不是女夜叉,不是女饿鬼,不是雌性畜生,即便是当天出生的女婴也算,更不用说成年女人了。显示巴利原文
nāma manussitthī, na yakkhī na petī na tiracchānagatā, antamaso tadahujātāpi dārikā, pageva mahattarī.
所谓“眼密处”,是指当眼睛被插入、眉毛被抬起或头被抬起时,别人无法看到;所谓“耳密处”,是指别人无法听到正常的谈话声。显示巴利原文
nāma cakkhussa raho sotassa raho. Cakkhussa raho nāma na sakkā hoti akkhiṃ vā nikhaṇīyamāne bhamukaṃ vā ukkhipīyamāne sīsaṃ vā ukkhipīyamāne passituṃ. Sotassa raho nāma na sakkā hoti pakatikathā sotuṃ.
所谓“屏覆坐处”,是指座位被墙壁、门扇、草席、布幕、树木、柱子或谷仓等任何东西所遮挡。显示巴利原文
nāma āsanaṃ kuṭṭena vā kavāṭena vā kilañjena vā sāṇipākārena vā rukkhena vā thambhena vā kotthaḷiyā vā, yena kenaci paṭicchannaṃ hoti.
当女性坐着时,比丘靠近同坐或同卧,犯波逸提。当比丘坐着,而女性靠近同坐或同卧,犯波逸提。或者两人都坐着,或者两人都躺着,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti mātugāme nisinne bhikkhu upanisinno vā hoti upanipanno vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Bhikkhu nisinne mātugāmo upanisinno vā hoti upanipanno vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ubho vā nisinnā honti ubho vā nipannā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
287 确知是女性,而在隐蔽、屏覆之处共坐,犯波逸提。对是否女性有疑惑,而在隐蔽、屏覆之处共坐,犯波逸提。误认不是女性,而在隐蔽、屏覆之处共坐,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Mātugāme mātugāmasaññī raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Mātugāme vematiko raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Mātugāme amātugāmasaññī raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
与女夜叉、女饿鬼、黄门,或雌性动物,或具有人形的雌性畜生,在隐蔽、屏覆之处共坐,犯恶作。对方不是女性,却误认为是女性,犯恶作。对方不是女性,而有疑惑,犯恶作。对方不是女性,且确知不是女性,不犯。显示巴利原文
Yakkhiyā vā petiyā vā paṇḍakena vā tiracchānagatāya vā manussaviggahitthiyā vā saddhiṃ raho paṭicchanne āsane nisajjaṃ kappeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Amātugāme mātugāmasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Amātugāme vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Amātugāme amātugāmasaññī, anāpatti.
288 不犯的情况是:任何一位有识别能力的成年男子在场;站着而不坐下;并不想独处而只是看看;心里想着别的事而坐;精神失常者;以及最初的犯行者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti yo koci viññū puriso dutiyo hoti, tiṭṭhati na nisīdati, arahopekkho, aññavihito nisīdati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
5. 屏处坐学处显示巴利原文
5. Rahonisajjasikkhāpadaṃ
289 那时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。恰在那时,具寿优波难陀释迦子来到一个朋友家,和他朋友的妻子单独地、一对一地在隐蔽处共坐。当时,那个男人就讥讽、非议、责备说:“这位圣者优波难陀怎么能和我妻子单独地、一对一地在隐蔽处共坐呢!”那些比丘们听到了那个男人的讥讽、非议和责备。那些少欲知足的诸比丘……也讥讽、非议、责备说:“具寿优波难陀释迦子怎么能和女性单独地、一对一地在隐蔽处共坐呢?”……“优波难陀,你确实和女性单独地、一对一地在隐蔽处共坐了吗?” “确实是的,世尊。” 世尊佛呵责说:……“你这愚痴的人!你怎么能和女性单独地、一对一地在隐蔽处共坐呢!你这愚痴的人,这不会使未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样读诵这个学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto sahāyakassa gharaṃ gantvā tassa pajāpatiyā saddhiṃ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṃ kappesi. Atha kho so puriso ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma ayyo upanando mayhaṃ pajāpatiyā saddhiṃ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṃ kappessatī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tassa purisassa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto mātugāmena saddhiṃ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṃ kappessatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, upananda, mātugāmena saddhiṃ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṃ kappesīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, mātugāmena saddhiṃ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṃ kappessasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pāsādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
290 若比丘与女人一对一在隐密处共坐,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu mātugāmena saddhiṃ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṃ kappeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
291 以上所述,即是在此意义上所指的诸比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
此处指人类女性;非女夜叉、非女饿鬼、非雌性畜生;是有知觉能力,能够分辨善言恶语、粗语非粗语的女性。显示巴利原文
nāma manussitthī, na yakkhī na petī na tiracchānagatā, viññū paṭibalā subhāsitadubbhāsitaṃ duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ ājānituṃ.
意指既是比丘,又是一位女性。显示巴利原文
ti bhikkhu ceva hoti mātugāmo ca.
眼根所对的密处,耳根所对的密处。所谓“眼根所对的密处”,即在此处,当有人眨眼或抬眉或抬头时,无法被看见。所谓“耳根所对的密处”,即在此处,无法听到正常的说话声。显示巴利原文
nāma cakkhussa raho, sotassa raho. nāma na sakkā hoti akkhiṃ vā nikhaṇīyamāne bhamukaṃ vā ukkhipīyamāne sīsaṃ vā ukkhipīyamāne passituṃ. nāma na sakkā hoti pakatikathā sotuṃ.
当女人坐着时,若比丘近坐或近卧,犯波逸提。当比丘坐着时,女人近坐或近卧,犯波逸提。或者两人都坐着,或者两人都躺着,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti mātugāme nisinne bhikkhu upanisinno vā hoti upanipanno vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Bhikkhu nisinne mātugāmo upanisinno vā hoti upanipanno vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ubho vā nisinnā honti ubho vā nipannā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
292 对女性,作女性想,比丘与女性一对一在隐秘处共坐,犯波逸提。对女性,有疑惑,比丘与女性一对一在隐秘处共坐,犯波逸提。对女性,作非女性想,比丘与女性一对一在隐秘处共坐,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Mātugāme mātugāmasaññī eko ekāya raho nisajjaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Mātugāme vematiko eko ekāya raho nisajjaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Mātugāme amātugāmasaññī eko ekāya raho nisajjaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
与母夜叉、母饿鬼、黄门或畜生化身的女人,一男一女独自在隐蔽处同坐,犯恶作。对非女人有女人想,犯恶作。对非女人犹豫不决,犯恶作。对非女人有非女人想,不犯。显示巴利原文
Yakkhiyā vā petiyā vā paṇḍakena vā tiracchānagatamanussaviggahitthiyā vā saddhiṃ eko ekāya raho nisajjaṃ kappeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Amātugāme mātugāmasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Amātugāme vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Amātugāme amātugāmasaññī, anāpatti.
293 不犯:任何有辨别能力的男性作为第二人在场;站着,不坐下;只是寻求方便而无意停留;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti yo koci viññū puriso dutiyo hoti, tiṭṭhati na nisīdati, arahopekkho aññavihito nisīdati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
6. 媒嫁学处显示巴利原文
6. Cārittasikkhāpadaṃ
294 那时,佛陀世尊住在王舍城的竹林迦兰陀迦园。当时,具寿释迦子优波难陀的护持家庭以食物邀请具寿释迦子优波难陀。他们同时也邀请了其他比丘。那时,具寿释迦子优波难陀在用餐前,挨家挨户去拜访。于是那些比丘对那些人们说:“贤友们,请给食物吧。”他们回答:“尊者,请等等,等优波难陀尊者来了再说。”那些比丘第二次……乃至……第三次对那些人们说了同样的话:“贤友们,请给食物吧,早上的时间快过去了。”他们回答:“尊者,我们准备这些食物,正是因为优波难陀尊者的缘故。尊者,请等等,等优波难陀尊者来了再说。”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa upaṭṭhākakulaṃ āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ bhattena nimantesi. Aññepi bhikkhū bhattena nimantesi. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto purebhattaṃ, kulāni payirupāsati. Atha kho te bhikkhū te manusse etadavocuṃ – ‘‘dethāvuso bhatta’’nti. ‘‘Āgametha, bhante, yāvāyyo upanando āgacchatī’’ti. Dutiyampi kho te bhikkhū…pe… tatiyampi kho te bhikkhū te manusse etadavocuṃ – ‘‘dethāvuso, bhattaṃ; pure kālo atikkamatī’’ti. ‘‘Yampi mayaṃ, bhante, bhattaṃ karimhā ayyassa upanandassa kāraṇā. Āgametha, bhante, yāvāyyo upanando āgacchatī’’ti.
那时,具寿释迦子优波难陀在用餐前挨家挨户探访完毕后,到了白天才回来。诸比丘没能好好吃上饭。那些少欲的诸比丘……他们不满、批评、指责说:“怎么可以这样呢,具寿释迦子优波难陀,明明受到邀请、已有供食,却还在用餐前到各家去串门?”……“优波难陀,你真的在受到邀请、已有供食的情况下,还在用餐前到各家去串门吗?”“世尊,是真的。”佛陀世尊呵责道……“糊涂人,你怎么能这样呢,在受到邀请、已有供食的情况下,还在用餐前到各家去串门!糊涂人,这无法使未生信者生信……”接着世尊说:“那么,诸比丘,应当这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto purebhattaṃ kulāni payirupāsitvā divā āgacchati. Bhikkhū na cittarūpaṃ bhuñjiṃsu. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto nimantito sabhatto samāno purebhattaṃ kulesu cārittaṃ āpajjissatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, upananda, nimantito sabhatto samāno purebhattaṃ kulesu cārittaṃ āpajjasīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, nimantito sabhatto samāno purebhattaṃ kulesu cārittaṃ āpajjissasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,接受用餐邀请后,在事前访问各家,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
此事由世尊为诸比丘制定了学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
295 那时,具寿释迦子优波难陀的护持家庭,为了僧团,送来了嚼食,并嘱咐说:“要先给优波难陀尊者看过,再供养僧团。”当时,具寿释迦子优波难陀恰好进村托钵去了。于是那些人来到寺院,问诸比丘:“尊者,优波难陀尊者在哪?”诸比丘回答:“贤友,具寿释迦子优波难陀进村托钵去了。”那些人说:“尊者,这些嚼食,请先给优波难陀尊者看过,再供养僧团。”诸比丘把这件事禀告了世尊。于是,世尊以此因缘、以此事件作了佛法开示后,对诸比丘说:“既然如此,诸比丘,先收下存放好,等优波难陀回来再说。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa upaṭṭhākakulaṃ saṅghassatthāya khādanīyaṃ pāhesi – ‘‘ayyassa upanandassa dassetvā saṅghassa dātabba’’nti. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto gāmaṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭho hoti. Atha kho te manussā ārāmaṃ gantvā bhikkhū pucchiṃsu – ‘‘kahaṃ, bhante, ayyo upanando’’ti ? ‘‘Esāvuso, āyasmā upanando sakyaputto gāmaṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭho’’ti. ‘‘Idaṃ, bhante, khādanīyaṃ ayyassa upanandassa dassetvā saṅghassa dātabba’’nti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi, bhikkhave, paṭiggahetvā nikkhipatha yāva upanando āgacchatī’’ti.
那时,具寿释迦子优波难陀心想:“世尊禁止了用餐前到各家去串门。”于是他就改成用餐后到各家去探访,到了白天才回来,嚼食就这样被搁置了。那些少欲的诸比丘……他们不满、批评、指责说:“怎么可以这样呢,具寿释迦子优波难陀,在用餐后还到各家去串门?”……“优波难陀,你真的在用餐后到各家去串门吗?”“世尊,是真的。”佛陀世尊呵责道……“糊涂人,你怎么能这样呢,在用餐后还到各家去串门!糊涂人,这无法使未生信者生信……那么,诸比丘,应当这样诵出这条学处——”显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto – ‘‘bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṃ purebhattaṃ kulesu cārittaṃ āpajjitu’’nti pacchābhattaṃ kulāni payirupāsitvā divā paṭikkami, khādanīyaṃ ussāriyittha. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto pacchābhattaṃ kulesu cārittaṃ āpajjissatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, upananda, pacchābhattaṃ kulesu cārittaṃ āpajjasīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, pacchābhattaṃ kulesu cārittaṃ āpajjissasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana bhikkhave imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,接受用餐邀请后,于饭食前或后访问各家者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
296 那时,诸比丘在布施袈裟的时候,因为有所顾虑,不去亲近俗家。结果袈裟就变得很少了。他们将这件事禀告世尊……(省略)……“诸比丘,我允许你们在布施袈裟的时候亲近俗家。那么,诸比丘,这条学处你们应当这样诵念——”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū cīvaradānasamaye kukkuccāyantā kulāni na payirupāsanti. Cīvaraṃ parittaṃ uppajjati. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cīvaradānasamaye kulāni payirupāsituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,接受用餐邀请后,于饭食前或后访问各家者,除适当因缘外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
297 那时,诸比丘正在做袈裟活儿,需要针、线、剪刀。诸比丘因为有所顾虑,不去亲近俗家。他们将这件事禀告世尊……(省略)……“诸比丘,我允许你们在做袈裟活儿的时候亲近俗家。那么,诸比丘,这条学处你们应当这样诵念——”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū cīvarakammaṃ karonti, attho ca hoti sūciyāpi suttenapi satthakenapi. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā kulāni na payirupāsanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cīvarakārasamaye kulāni payirupāsituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,接受用餐邀请后,于饭食前或后访问各家者,除适当因缘外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
. ti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
298 那时,有些比丘生病了,需要用药。诸比丘因为有所顾虑,不敢去在家众家里拜访。他们把这情况禀告了世尊。……诸比丘,我允许在告知一位在场的比丘之后,去在家众家里拜访。诸比丘,你们应当这样诵这个学处——显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū gilānā honti, attho ca hoti bhesajjehi. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā kulāni na payirupāsanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, santaṃ bhikkhuṃ āpucchā kulāni payirupāsituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
299 任何比丘,已受饭食邀请,于饭食前或后,不告知在场的比丘而造访在家众者,除适当的因缘外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu nimantito sabhatto samāno santaṃ bhikkhuṃ anāpucchā purebhattaṃ vā pacchābhattaṃ vā kulesu cārittaṃ āpajjeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṃ. Tatthāyaṃ samayo. Cīvaradānasamayo, cīvarakārasamayo – ayaṃ tattha samayo’’ti.
300 所说“比丘”者,凡是这样的……乃至……在此意义中所意指的是比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所说“受邀请”者,是指受五种食物中任何一种食物的邀请。显示巴利原文
nāma pañcannaṃ bhojanānaṃ aññatarena bhojanena nimantito.
所说“已有供食”者,是指受谁邀请,即已有谁的供食。显示巴利原文
nāma yena nimantito tena sabhatto.
所说“能够”者,是指能够告知比丘后再进入。显示巴利原文
nāma bhikkhuṃ sakkā hoti āpucchā pavisituṃ.
所说“不能够”者,是指不能够告知比丘后再进入。显示巴利原文
nāma bhikkhuṃ na sakkā hoti āpucchā pavisituṃ.
所说“还没吃”者,是指受谁邀请,还没有吃那家的食物。显示巴利原文
nāma yena nimantito taṃ abhuttāvī.
所说“已吃”者,是指受谁邀请,即使只吃了那家一草尖量的食物。显示巴利原文
nāma yena nimantito taṃ antamaso kusaggenapi bhuttaṃ hoti.
所谓四个家族,是指刹帝利家族、婆罗门家族、吠舍家族、首陀罗家族。显示巴利原文
nāma cattāri kulāni – khattiyakulaṃ, brāhmaṇakulaṃ, vessakulaṃ, suddakulaṃ.
当他进入别人家的院落范围时,犯恶作。第一只脚跨过门槛,犯恶作。第二只脚跨过,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti aññassa gharūpacāraṃ okkamantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa. Paṭhamaṃ pādaṃ ummāraṃ atikkāmeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dutiyaṃ pādaṃ atikkāmeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
除了适当的时候之外。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā samayaṃ.
所谓适当的时候,是指没有举行卡提那衣仪式时,雨季安居的最后一个月;举行了卡提那衣仪式时,则是五个月。显示巴利原文
nāma anatthate kathine vassānassa pacchimo māso, atthate kathine pañca māsā.
所谓做衣的时候。显示巴利原文
nāma cīvare kayiramāne.
301 受请者想为受请者,未告知在场的比丘,于食前或食后进入俗人家中行游,除了适当的时候之外,犯波逸提。受请者心有疑虑,未告知在场的比丘,于食前或食后进入俗人家中行游,除了适当的时候之外,犯波逸提。受请者想为非受请者,未告知在场的比丘,于食前或食后进入俗人家中行游,除了适当的时候之外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Nimantite nimantitasaññī santaṃ bhikkhuṃ anāpucchā purebhattaṃ vā pacchābhattaṃ vā kulesu cārittaṃ āpajjati, aññatra samayā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Nimantite vematiko santaṃ bhikkhuṃ anāpucchā purebhattaṃ vā pacchābhattaṃ vā kulesu cārittaṃ āpajjati, aññatra samayā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Nimantite animantitasaññī santaṃ bhikkhuṃ anāpucchā purebhattaṃ vā pacchābhattaṃ vā kulesu cārittaṃ āpajjati, aññatra samayā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
非受请者想为受请者,犯恶作。非受请者心有疑虑,犯恶作。非受请者想为非受请者,无罪。显示巴利原文
Animantite nimantitasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Animantite vematiko , āpatti dukkaṭassa. Animantite animantitasaññī, anāpatti.
302 以下情况不犯:在适当的时候,告知在场比丘后进入;没有比丘在场时,不告知即进入;有另一户人家的路;有屋舍范围的路;前往寺院之间;前往比丘尼住处;前往外道住处;返回住处;前往供养食物的家;遇到灾难时;精神失常者;最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti samaye, santaṃ bhikkhuṃ āpucchā pavisati, asantaṃ bhikkhuṃ anāpucchā pavisati, aññassa gharena maggo hoti, gharūpacārena maggo hoti, antarārāmaṃ gacchati, bhikkhunupassayaṃ gacchati, titthiyaseyyaṃ gacchati, paṭikkamanaṃ gacchati, bhattiyagharaṃ gacchati, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
7. 大名学处显示巴利原文
7. Mahānāmasikkhāpadaṃ
303 那时,佛陀世尊住在释迦族迦毗罗卫城的尼拘律园。那时候,释迦族摩诃男的药品大量积聚。于是,释迦族摩诃男来到世尊那里,向世尊礼敬后坐在一边。坐在一边的释迦族摩诃男对世尊这样说:'尊者,我想邀请僧团接受我四个月的药品供养。''善哉善哉,摩诃男!那么,摩诃男,你就邀请僧团接受四个月的药品供养吧。'诸比丘心有疑虑,不敢接受。他们把这件事告诉世尊……世尊说:'诸比丘,我准许你们接受四个月的药品邀请。'显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Tena kho pana samayena mahānāmassa sakkassa bhesajjaṃ ussannaṃ hoti. Atha kho mahānāmo sakko yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho mahānāmo sakko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, bhante, saṅghaṃ catumāsaṃ bhesajjena pavāretu’’nti. ‘‘Sādhu sādhu , mahānāma! Tena hi tvaṃ, mahānāma, saṅghaṃ catumāsaṃ bhesajjena pavārehī’’ti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, catumāsaṃ bhesajjappaccayapavāraṇaṃ sāditunti.
304 那时候,诸比丘只向释迦族摩诃男索要少量的药品。而释迦族摩诃男的药品依然大量积聚。第二次,释迦族摩诃男来到世尊那里,向世尊礼敬后坐在一边。坐在一边的释迦族摩诃男对世尊这样说:'尊者,我想再邀请僧团接受另外四个月的药品供养。''善哉善哉,摩诃男!那么,摩诃男,你就再邀请僧团接受另外四个月的药品供养吧。'诸比丘心有疑虑,不敢接受。他们把这件事告诉世尊……世尊说:'诸比丘,我准许你们也接受再次的邀请。'显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū mahānāmaṃ sakkaṃ parittaṃ bhesajjaṃ viññāpenti. Tatheva mahānāmassa sakkassa bhesajjaṃ ussannaṃ hoti. Dutiyampi kho mahānāmo sakko yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho mahānāmo sakko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, bhante, saṅghaṃ aparampi catumāsaṃ bhesajjena pavāretu’’nti. ‘‘Sādhu sādhu, mahānāma! Tena hi tvaṃ, mahānāma, saṅghaṃ aparampi catumāsaṃ bhesajjena pavārehī’’ti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, puna pavāraṇampi sāditunti.
305 那时候,诸比丘仍然只向释迦族摩诃男索要极少量的药品。而释迦族摩诃男的药品依然大量积聚。第三次,释迦族摩诃男来到世尊那里,向世尊礼敬后坐在一边。坐在一边的释迦族摩诃男对世尊这样说:'尊者,我想邀请僧团终身接受药品供养。''善哉善哉,摩诃男!那么,摩诃男,你就邀请僧团终身接受药品供养吧。'诸比丘心有疑虑,不敢接受。他们把这件事告诉世尊……世尊说:'诸比丘,我准许你们也接受永久的邀请。'显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū mahānāmaṃ sakkaṃ parittaṃyeva bhesajjaṃ viññāpenti. Tatheva mahānāmassa sakkassa bhesajjaṃ ussannaṃ hoti. Tatiyampi kho mahānāmo sakko yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho mahānāmo sakko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, bhante, saṅghaṃ yāvajīvaṃ bhesajjena pavāretu’’nti. ‘‘Sādhu sādhu, mahānāma! Tena hi tvaṃ, mahānāma, saṅghaṃ yāvajīvaṃ bhesajjena pavārehī’’ti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, niccapavāraṇampi sāditunti.
那时候,六群比丘穿着下衣不齐整、披着上衣不端正、威仪不具足。释迦族摩诃男对他们说:'尊者,你们为什么穿着下衣不齐整、披着上衣不端正、威仪不具足呢?出家人难道不应该穿着下衣齐整、披着上衣端正、威仪具足吗?'六群比丘对释迦族摩诃男心怀不满。这时六群比丘心想:'我们要用什么办法让释迦族摩诃男难堪呢?'接着六群比丘又想:'朋友们,释迦族摩诃男已经邀请僧团接受药品供养了。来吧,朋友们,我们去向释迦族摩诃男索要酥油。'于是六群比丘来到释迦族摩诃男那里,对他说:'朋友,我们需要一斗酥油。''尊者,请等到明天吧。仆人们已经去村里取酥油了,到时候您会拿到的。'显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū dunnivatthā honti duppārutā anākappasampannā. Mahānāmo sakko vattā hoti – ‘‘kissa tumhe, bhante, dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā? Nanu nāma pabbajitena sunivatthena bhavitabbaṃ supārutena ākappasampannenā’’ti? Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū mahānāme sakke upanandhiṃsu. Atha kho chabbaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kena nu kho mayaṃ upāyena mahānāmaṃ sakkaṃ maṅku kareyyāmā’’ti? Atha kho chabbaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘mahānāmena kho, āvuso, sakkena saṅgho bhesajjena pavārito. Handa mayaṃ, āvuso, mahānāmaṃ sakkaṃ sappiṃ viññāpemā’’ti. Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū yena mahānāmo sakko tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā mahānāmaṃ sakkaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘doṇena, āvuso, sappinā attho’’ti. ‘‘Ajjaṇho, bhante, āgametha. Manussā vajaṃ gatā sappiṃ āharituṃ. Kālaṃ āharissathā’’ti .
第二次……乃至……第三次,六群比丘对释迦族摩诃男这样说:‘朋友,我们需要一斗酥油。’‘尊者,请等到明天吧。仆人们已经去村里取酥油了,到时候您会拿到的。’‘朋友,你难道是不想给,却作了邀请吗?你既然邀请了,为什么又不给呢!’这时,释迦族摩诃男讥嫌、责备、批评说:‘诸位大德,我已经说了请等到明天,他们怎么还不肯等呢!’有些比丘听到了释迦族摩诃男的讥嫌、责备和批评。那些少欲的比丘……他们也讥嫌、责备、批评说:‘释迦族摩诃男已经说了请等到明天,六群比丘怎么还不肯等呢!’……世尊说:‘比丘们,你们真的在释迦族摩诃男说了请等到明天之后,还不肯等吗?’‘是真的,世尊。’佛陀世尊呵责说……‘愚痴的人啊,释迦族摩诃男已经说了请等到明天,你们怎么还不肯等!愚痴的人啊,这既不能让没信心的人生起信心……’‘比丘们,如此应当诵出这条学处:’显示巴利原文
Dutiyampi kho…pe… tatiyampi kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū mahānāmaṃ sakkaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘doṇena, āvuso, sappinā attho’’ti. ‘‘Ajjaṇho, bhante, āgametha. Manussā vajaṃ gatā sappiṃ āharituṃ. Kālaṃ āharissathā’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tayā, āvuso, adātukāmena pavāritena, yaṃ tvaṃ pavāretvā na desī’’ti! Atha kho mahānāmo sakko ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhadantā – ‘ajjaṇho, bhante, āgamethā’ti vuccamānā nāgamessantī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū mahānāmassa sakkassa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū mahānāmena sakkena – ‘ajjaṇho, bhante, āgamethā’ti vuccamānā nāgamessantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, mahānāmena sakkena – ‘‘ajjaṇho, bhante, āgamethā’’ti vuccamānā nāgamethāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, mahānāmena sakkena – ‘‘ajjaṇho, bhante āgamethā’’ti vuccamānā nāgamessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
306 无病比丘只可接受四个月的(资具)邀请;除非再次邀请、除非长期邀请;若超过此而接受,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Agilānena bhikkhunā catumāsappaccayapavāraṇā sāditabbā, aññatra punapavāraṇāya, aññatra niccapavāraṇāya; tato ce uttari sādiyeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
307 应接受病缘邀请。显示巴利原文
ti gilānappaccayapavāraṇā sāditabbā.
“等我生病时,我再请求。”显示巴利原文
ti yadā gilāno bhavissāmi tadā viññāpessāmīti.
“等我生病时,我再请求。”显示巴利原文
ti yadā gilāno bhavissāmi tadā viññāpessāmīti.
“有些邀请是以药物为限,不以夜晚为限;有些邀请是以夜晚为限,不以药物为限;有些邀请既以药物为限,也以夜晚为限;有些邀请既不以药物为限,也不以夜晚为限。”显示巴利原文
ti atthi pavāraṇā bhesajjapariyantā na rattipariyantā, atthi pavāraṇā rattipariyantā na bhesajjapariyantā, atthi pavāraṇā bhesajjapariyantā ca rattipariyantā ca, atthi pavāraṇā neva bhesajjapariyantā na rattipariyantā.
所谓药物被限定,即是说:“我用这些药物作邀请。”所谓夜晚被限定,即是说:“我在这些夜晚作邀请。”所谓药物和夜晚都被限定,即是说:“我用这些药物、在这些夜晚作邀请。”所谓药物和夜晚都不被限定,则是药物未被限定,夜晚也未被限定。显示巴利原文
nāma bhesajjāni pariggahitāni honti – ‘‘ettakehi bhesajjehi pavāremī’’ti. nāma rattiyo pariggahitāyo honti – ‘‘ettakāsu rattīsu pavāremī’’ti. nāma bhesajjāni ca pariggahitāni honti rattiyo ca pariggahitāyo honti – ‘‘ettakehi bhesajjehi ettakāsu rattīsu pavāremī’’ti. nāma bhesajjāni ca apariggahitāni honti rattiyo ca apariggahitāyo honti.
308 在药物为限的邀请中——被邀请时所限定的是某些药物,抛开那些药物而去请求其他药物,犯波逸提。在夜晚为限的邀请中——被邀请时所限定的是某些夜晚,抛开那些夜晚而在其他夜晚请求,犯波逸提。在既以药物为限又以夜晚为限的邀请中——被邀请时所限定的是某些药物和某些夜晚,抛开那些药物和那些夜晚而去在其他夜晚请求其他药物,犯波逸提。在既不以药物为限又不以夜晚为限的邀请中,无犯。显示巴利原文
Bhesajjapariyante – yehi bhesajjehi pavārito hoti tāni bhesajjāni ṭhapetvā aññāni bhesajjāni viññāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Rattipariyante – yāsu rattīsu pavārito hoti, tā rattiyo ṭhapetvā aññāsu rattīsu viññāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Bhesajjapariyante ca rattipariyante ca – yehi bhesajjehi pavārito hoti, tāni bhesajjāni ṭhapetvā yāsu rattīsu pavārito hoti, tā rattiyo ṭhapetvā aññāni bhesajjāni aññāsu rattīsu viññāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Neva bhesajjapariyante na rattipariyante, anāpatti.
309 不需药物而请求药物,犯波逸提。需其他药物却请求另一种药物,犯波逸提。超过限定量,作超过想而请求药物,犯波逸提。超过限定量,心怀疑惑而请求药物,犯波逸提。超过限定量,作未超过想而请求药物,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Na bhesajjena karaṇīyena bhesajjaṃ viññāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Aññena bhesajjena karaṇīyena aññaṃ bhesajjaṃ viññāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Tatuttari tatuttarisaññī bhesajjaṃ viññāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Tatuttari vematiko bhesajjaṃ viññāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Tatuttari natatuttarisaññī bhesajjaṃ viññāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
未超过限定量,作超过想,犯恶作。未超过限定量,心怀疑惑,犯恶作。未超过限定量,作未超过想,无犯。显示巴利原文
Natatuttari tatuttarisaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Natatuttari vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Natatuttari natatuttarisaññī, anāpatti.
310 无犯的情况:被邀请时所限定的那些药物,请求那些药物;被邀请时所限定的那些夜晚,在那些夜晚请求;说明“我们受您以这些药物邀请,而我们需要这种和那种药物”之后而请求;说明“我们受您以那些夜晚邀请,那些夜晚已过去,而我们还需要药物”之后而请求;向亲属索取;向曾作邀请者索取;为他人请求;用自己财物换取;精神失常者;最初的犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti yehi bhesajjehi pavārito hoti tāni bhesajjāni viññāpeti, yāsu rattīsu pavārito hoti tāsu rattīsu viññāpeti , ‘‘imehi tayā bhesajjehi pavāritāmha , amhākañca iminā ca iminā ca bhesajjena attho’’ti ācikkhitvā viññāpeti, ‘‘yāsu tayā rattīsu pavāritāmha tāyo ca rattiyo vītivattā amhākañca bhesajjena attho’’ti ācikkhitvā viññāpeti, ñātakānaṃ pavāritānaṃ, aññassatthāya, attano dhanena, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
8. 观军学处显示巴利原文
8. Uyyuttasenāsikkhāpadaṃ
311 那时,世尊正住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。刚好那时,憍萨罗国的波斯匿王正率军出征。六群比丘前去观看出发的军队。憍萨罗国的波斯匿王远远看见六群比丘走过来。看到后,他让人把他们叫过来,对他们说:‘诸位尊者,你们为何而来?’六群比丘回答:‘我们想见见大王您。’波斯匿王说:‘尊者,见我这个乐于战斗的人有什么用?难道不应该去见世尊吗?’人们纷纷讥嫌、批评、指责:‘这些释迦族的沙门,怎么能跑来看出征的军队呢!我们为了谋生、为了妻子儿女才不得不参军,这已经够不幸、够倒楣的了!’那些比丘听见了人们在讥嫌、批评、指责。那些少欲知足的诸比丘……也讥嫌、批评、指责:‘六群比丘怎么能跑去看出征的军队呢?’……(他们禀告世尊后,世尊问:)‘诸比丘,你们真的去看出征的军队了吗?’他们回答:‘是真的,世尊。’佛陀世尊呵责说:‘你们这些痴人,怎么能跑去看出征的军队!痴人们,这不能让没生起信心的人生起信心……(让已生信心的人退失信心等)。诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处:’显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena rājā pasenadi kosalo senāya abbhuyyāto hoti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū uyyuttaṃ senaṃ dassanāya agamaṃsu. Addasā kho rājā pasenadi kosalo chabbaggiye bhikkhū dūratova āgacchante. Disvāna pakkosāpetvā etadavoca – ‘‘kissa tumhe, bhante, āgatatthā’’ti? ‘‘Mahārājānaṃ mayaṃ daṭṭhukāmā’’ ti. ‘‘Kiṃ, bhante, maṃ diṭṭhena yuddhābhinandinaṃ ; nanu bhagavā passitabbo’’ti? Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā uyyuttaṃ senaṃ dassanāya āgacchissanti! Amhākampi alābhā, amhākampi dulladdhaṃ, ye mayaṃ ājīvassa hetu puttadārassa kāraṇā senāya āgacchāmā’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū uyyuttaṃ senaṃ dassanāya gacchissantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, uyyuttaṃ senaṃ dassanāya gacchathāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, uyyuttaṃ senaṃ dassanāya gacchissatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
那时,世尊就这样为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
312 刚好那时,有位比丘的舅父在军中生病了。这位舅父派人送信给那位比丘说:‘我在军中病倒了。请尊者来吧,我盼望尊者能来。’这时,那位比丘心里想:‘世尊已经制定了学处:“不应前去看出征的军队”。但我的舅父又在军中生病了。我到底该怎么办呢?’他就把这事的原委禀告了世尊。于是,世尊以这缘起、这件事说了一段法语后,对诸比丘宣说:‘诸比丘,我允许有这类因缘时,可以去军队。诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处:’显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno mātulo senāya gilāno hoti . So tassa bhikkhuno santike dūtaṃ pāhesi – ‘‘ahañhi senāya gilāno. Āgacchatu bhadanto. Icchāmi bhadantassa āgata’’nti. Atha kho tassa bhikkhuno etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavatā sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ – ‘na uyyuttaṃ senaṃ dassanāya gantabba’nti. Ayañca me mātulo senāya gilāno. Kathaṃ nu kho mayā paṭipajjitabba’’nti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tathārūpappaccayā senāya gantuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
313 若比丘前往观看出征的军队,除有相应因缘外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu uyyuttaṃ senaṃ dassanāya gaccheyya, aññatra tathārūpappaccayā, pācittiya’’nti.
314 ‘凡是任何’的意思……(省略)……这里所指的,就是此意义上的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓‘军队’,是指出了村庄后,已经扎营的,或者正在行进中的。显示巴利原文
nāma senā gāmato nikkhamitvā niviṭṭhā vā hoti payātā vā.
所谓‘军队’有:象兵、马兵、车兵、步兵。十二个人组成一对象军;三个人组成一队马军;四个人组成一辆车军;四个手持弓箭的人组成一队步军。如果前往观看,犯恶作。站在哪里看到,犯波逸提。离开了观看的范围,又反复地看,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nāma hatthī assā rathā pattī. Dvādasapuriso hatthī, tipuriso asso, catupuriso ratho, cattāro purisā sarahatthā patti. Dassanāya gacchati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Yattha ṭhito passati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dassanūpacāraṃ vijahitvā punappunaṃ passati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
除了那样的因缘。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā tathārūpappaccayaṃ.
315 当军队已出征时,以为是“已出征”而去观看——除了那样的因缘之外——犯波逸提。当军队已出征时,心有疑惑而去观看——除了那样的因缘之外——犯波逸提。当军队已出征时,以为是“未出征”而去观看——除了那样的因缘之外——犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Uyyutte uyyuttasaññī dassanāya gacchati, aññatra tathārūpappaccayā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Uyyutte vematiko dassanāya gacchati, aññatra tathārūpappaccayā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Uyyutte anuyyuttasaññī dassanāya gacchati, aññatra tathārūpappaccayā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
逐一前去观看,犯恶作。站在某处看见,犯恶作。离开观看范围之后又反复观看,犯恶作。当军队未出征时,以为是“已出征”,犯恶作。当军队未出征时,心有疑惑,犯恶作。当军队未出征时,以为是“未出征”,不犯。显示巴利原文
Ekamekaṃ dassanāya gacchati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Yattha ṭhito passati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dassanūpacāraṃ vijahitvā punappunaṃ passati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anuyyutte uyyuttasaññī , āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anuyyutte vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anuyyutte anuyyuttasaññī, anāpatti.
316 不犯者:在寺院里站着看见;军队来到比丘站着、坐着或躺着的地方;走在对面路上而看见;有那样的因缘;遭遇意外时;痴狂者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ārāme ṭhito passati, bhikkhussa ṭhitokāsaṃ vā nisinnokāsaṃ vā nipannokāsaṃ vā āgacchati, paṭipathaṃ gacchanto passati, tathārūpappaccayā, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
9. 谢那瓦萨学处显示巴利原文
9. Senāvāsasikkhāpadaṃ
317 那时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,六群比丘在有应办的事情时去了军队,并在军中住了超过三夜。人们讥嫌、非议、责备说:“这些释迦族的沙门怎么能在军中过夜!我们真是无利,真是倒霉,我们是为了生计、为了妻儿才不得不随军住宿的。”那些比丘们听到了那些人的讥嫌、非议、责备。那些少欲的诸比丘……也讥嫌、非议、责备说:“六群比丘怎么能住在军中超过三夜呢?”……世尊问:“诸比丘,你们真的在军中住了超过三夜吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道:“……你们这些愚人,怎么能住在军中超过三夜!愚人们,此事未信者不得生信……(如此呵责后,)诸比丘,应当这样诵出此学处——”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sati karaṇīye senaṃ gantvā atirekatirattaṃ senāya vasanti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā senāya vasissanti! Amhākampi alābhā, amhākampi dulladdhaṃ, ye mayaṃ ājīvassa hetu puttadārassa kāraṇā senāya paṭivasāmā’’ti. Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū atirekatirattaṃ senāya vasissantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, atirekatirattaṃ senāya vasathāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, atirekatirattaṃ senāya vasissatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
318 比丘若有某种因缘须到军中,可在军中住两、三夜;若超过此而住,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Siyā ca tassa bhikkhuno kocideva paccayo senaṃ gamanāya, dirattatirattaṃ tena bhikkhunā senāya vasitabbaṃ. Tato ce uttariṃ vaseyya, pācittiya’’nti.
319 “若是有因缘,若是有应作之事。”显示巴利原文
ti siyā paccayo siyā karaṇīyaṃ.
应住两三日。显示巴利原文
nti dvetisso rattiyo vasitabbaṃ.
第四天,太阳落山后仍住在军中者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti catutthe divase atthaṅgate sūriye senāya vasati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
320 超过三夜,自以为超过而在军中住,波逸提。超过三夜,疑惑而在军中住,波逸提。超过三夜,自以为未满而在军中住,波逸提。显示巴利原文
Atirekatiratte atirekasaññī senāya vasati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Atirekatiratte vematiko senāya vasati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Atirekatiratte ūnakasaññī senāya vasati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
未满三夜,自以为超过,恶作。未满三夜,疑惑,恶作。未满三夜,自以为未满,无犯。显示巴利原文
Ūnakatiratte atirekasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakatiratte vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnakatiratte ūnakasaññī, anāpatti.
321 无犯:住二夜;住未满两夜;住二夜后,于第三夜破晓前离去又再住;生病而住;为病人办事而住;军队被敌军阻挡;被某事障碍;遇到灾难时;精神失常者;最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti dvetisso rattiyo vasati, ūnakadvetisso rattiyo vasati, dve rattiyo vasitvā tatiyāya rattiyā purāruṇā nikkhamitvā puna vasati, gilāno vasati, gilānassa karaṇīyena vasati, senā vā paṭisenāya ruddhā hoti, kenaci palibuddho hoti, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
10. 伍育帝咖学处显示巴利原文
10. Uyyodhikasikkhāpadaṃ
322 那时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,六群比丘在军中住宿二夜、三夜后,前往观看演习、阅兵、布阵和检阅部队。某位六群比丘去观看演习时被箭射伤。人们讥笑那位比丘:“尊者,仗打得可好?你得了多少靶子?”那位比丘被那些人讥笑得十分窘迫。人们不满、批评、非议:“沙门释子怎么能来看演习!我们为了生计、为了妻儿才来演习,这对我们是没有利益、没有福气的。”那些少欲知足的诸比丘听了那些人的不满,也呵责:“六群比丘怎么能去看演习!”……世尊问:“诸比丘,你们真的去看演习吗?”他们答:“真的,世尊。”世尊呵责:“愚痴人,你们怎么能去看演习!这不能令无信者生信……”然后这样制定学处:“诸比丘,应当这样诵这个学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū dirattatirattaṃ senāya vasamānā uyyodhikampi balaggampi senābyūhampi anīkadassanampi gacchanti. Aññataropi chabbaggiyo bhikkhu uyyodhikaṃ gantvā kaṇḍena paṭividdho hoti. Manussā taṃ bhikkhuṃ uppaṇḍesuṃ – ‘‘kacci, bhante, suyuddhaṃ ahosi, kati te lakkhāni laddhānī’’ti? So bhikkhu tehi manussehi uppaṇḍīyamāno maṅku ahosi. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā uyyodhikaṃ dassanāya āgacchissanti! Amhākampi alābhā, amhākampi dulladdhaṃ, ye mayaṃ ājīvassa hetu puttadārassa kāraṇā uyyodhikaṃ āgacchāmā’’ti. Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ . Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū uyyodhikaṃ dassanāya gacchissantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, uyyodhikaṃ dassanāya gacchathāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, uyyodhikaṃ dassanāya gacchissatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave , imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
323 比丘住军中两、三夜时,若前往观看战斗、阅兵、布阵或观看象马军容,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Dirattatirattaṃ ce bhikkhu senāya vasamāno uyyodhikaṃ vā balaggaṃ vā senābyūhaṃ vā anīkadassanaṃ vā gaccheyya, pācittiya’’nti.
324 若比丘在军中住宿二夜、三夜。显示巴利原文
ti dvetisso rattiyo vasamāno.
所谓“战斗”者,即见到交锋之处。显示巴利原文
nāma yattha sampahāro dissati.
说‘有这么多的象、这么多的马、这么多的车、这么多的步兵。’显示巴利原文
nāma ettakā hatthī, ettakā assā, ettakā rathā, ettakā pattī.
说‘让象待这边,让马待这边,让车待这边,让步兵待这边。’显示巴利原文
nāma ito hatthī hontu, ito assā hontu, ito rathā hontu, ito pattikā hontu.
说象军、马军、车军、步军。三头象是最后的象军,三匹马是最后的马军,三辆车是最后的车军,四个手持刀剑的人是最后的步军。为了看而走过去,犯恶作。就站在那儿看,犯波逸提。离开观看的范围后又反复去看,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nāma hatthānīkaṃ, assānīkaṃ , rathānīkaṃ, pattānīkaṃ. Tayo hatthī pacchimaṃ hatthānīkaṃ, tayo assā pacchimaṃ assānīkaṃ, tayo rathā pacchimaṃ rathānīkaṃ, cattāro purisā sarahatthā pattī pacchimaṃ pattānīkaṃ. Dassanāya gacchati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Yattha ṭhito passati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dassanūpacāraṃ vijahitvā punappunaṃ passati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
一个一个地走过去看,犯恶作。就站在那儿看,犯恶作。离开观看的范围后又反复去看,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Ekamekaṃ dassanāya gacchati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Yattha ṭhito passati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dassanūpacāraṃ vijahitvā punappunaṃ passati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
325 无犯:站在寺院里看到;来到比丘站立、坐着或躺卧的地方,看到打斗的场景;走在对面路上看到;因有事需要而去看到;在危难时;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ārāme ṭhito passati, bhikkhussa ṭhitokāsaṃ vā nisinnokāsaṃ vā nipannokāsaṃ vā āgantvā sampahāro dissati, paṭipathaṃ gacchanto passati, sati karaṇīye gantvā passati , āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
先讲关于优波难陀的糕点,以及那三个侍奉者;
摩诃男、波斯匿、被军队击伤者,这十种。
显示巴利原文 Pūvaṃ kathopanandassa, tayaṃpaṭṭhākameva ca; Mahānāmo pasenadi, senāviddho ime dasāti .
6. 饮酒品显示巴利原文
6. Surāpānavaggo
1. 苏拉巴那学处显示巴利原文
1. Surāpānasikkhāpadaṃ
326 那时,世尊、佛陀正游化于支提国。游行途中,走向跋达瓦帝卡。牧牛人、牧羊人、农夫、赶路人远远看见世尊前来。看见以后,对世尊这样说:“尊师,请世尊不要去安巴提塔。尊师啊,在安巴提塔,结发外道的道场里住着一条那伽龙,有大神通,是剧毒的毒蛇,那位千万别伤害世尊。”这么说时,世尊默默不语。第二次……(省略)……第三次,牧牛人、牧羊人、农夫、赶路人对世尊这样说:“尊师,请世尊不要去安巴提塔。尊师啊,在安巴提塔,结发外道的道场里住着一条那伽龙,有大神通,是剧毒的毒蛇,那位千万别伤害世尊。”第三次,世尊依然默默不语。显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā cetiyesu cārikaṃ caramāno yena bhaddavatikā tena pāyāsi. Addasaṃsu kho gopālakā pasupālakā kassakā pathāvino bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mā kho, bhante, bhagavā ambatitthaṃ agamāsi. Ambatitthe, bhante, jaṭilassa assame nāgo paṭivasati iddhimā āsiviso ghoraviso. So bhagavantaṃ mā viheṭhesī’’ti. Evaṃ vutte bhagavā tuṇhī ahosi. Dutiyampi kho…pe… tatiyampi kho gopālakā pasupālakā kassakā pathāvino bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mā kho, bhante, bhagavā ambatitthaṃ agamāsi. Ambatitthe, bhante, jaṭilassa assame nāgo paṭivasati iddhimā āsiviso ghoraviso. So bhagavantaṃ mā viheṭhesī’’ti. Tatiyampi kho bhagavā tuṇhī ahosi.
于是,世尊次第游化,到跋达瓦帝卡,便住下。当时,世尊就住在了跋达瓦帝卡。那时,具寿萨嘎塔往安巴提塔结发外道的道场走去;到了后,走进火堂,铺好草垫,盘腿而坐,挺直身体,将正念现前。那条那伽龙看见具寿萨嘎塔进来了,看到后,心生不快,便开始冒烟。具寿萨嘎塔也开始冒烟。接着,那条那伽龙忍不住怒火,燃烧起来。具寿萨嘎塔也进入火界定,燃烧起来。接着,具寿萨嘎塔用自己的火力压制了那伽龙的火力,然后回到了跋达瓦帝卡。当时,世尊在跋达瓦帝卡随意住了一段时间后,就向拘舍弥方向游行。拘舍弥的优婆塞们听说:“听说圣尊萨嘎塔跟安巴提塔的那伽龙交战了。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena bhaddavatikā tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā bhaddavatikāyaṃ viharati . Atha kho āyasmā sāgato yena ambatitthassa jaṭilassa assamo tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā agyāgāraṃ pavisitvā tiṇasanthārakaṃ paññapetvā nisīdi pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. Addasā kho so nāgo āyasmantaṃ sāgataṃ paviṭṭhaṃ . Disvāna dummano padhūpāyi . Āyasmāpi sāgato padhūpāyi . Atha kho so nāgo makkhaṃ asahamāno pajjali. Āyasmāpi sāgato tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā pajjali. Atha kho āyasmā sāgato tassa nāgassa tejasā tejaṃ pariyādiyitvā yena bhaddavatikā tenupasaṅkami. Atha kho bhagavā bhaddavatikāyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena kosambī tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Assosuṃ kho kosambikā upāsakā – ‘‘ayyo kira sāgato ambatitthikena nāgena saddhiṃ saṅgāmesī’’ti.
那时,世尊次第游化,到了拘舍弥。拘舍弥的优婆塞们出来迎接世尊,又一起走到具寿萨嘎塔那里;上前顶礼具寿萨嘎塔后,站在一边。站在一边的拘舍弥优婆塞们对具寿萨嘎塔这样说:“尊师,圣者们稀有且可意的东西是什么?我们该准备什么?”这么问时,六群比丘对拘舍弥的优婆塞们这样说:“贤友,有一种叫鸽子色的澄清饮料,对诸比丘来说稀有且可意,请准备那个。”接着,拘舍弥的优婆塞们在各家各户准备好鸽子色的澄清饮料。见到具寿萨嘎塔入城托钵,便对具寿萨嘎塔说:“请喝,尊师,圣尊萨嘎塔,鸽子色的澄清饮料;请喝,尊师,圣尊萨嘎塔,鸽子色的澄清饮料。”于是,具寿萨嘎塔在各家各户喝了鸽子色的澄清饮料后,出城时,倒在了城门口。显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena kosambī tadavasari. Atha kho kosambikā upāsakā bhagavato paccuggamanaṃ karitvā yenāyasmā sāgato tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ sāgataṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho kosambikā upāsakā āyasmantaṃ sāgataṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, ayyānaṃ dullabhañca manāpañca, kiṃ paṭiyādemā’’ti? Evaṃ vutte chabbaggiyā bhikkhū kosambike upāsake etadavocuṃ – ‘‘atthāvuso, kāpotikā nāma pasannā bhikkhūnaṃ dullabhā ca manāpā ca, taṃ paṭiyādethā’’ti. Atha kho kosambikā upāsakā ghare ghare kāpotikaṃ pasannaṃ paṭiyādetvā āyasmantaṃ sāgataṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭhaṃ disvāna āyasmantaṃ sāgataṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘pivatu, bhante, ayyo sāgato kāpotikaṃ pasannaṃ, pivatu , bhante, ayyo sāgato kāpotikaṃ pasanna’’nti. Atha kho āyasmā sāgato ghare ghare kāpotikaṃ pasannaṃ pivitvā nagaramhā nikkhamanto nagaradvāre paripati.
当时,世尊与众多比丘一同从城中出来,看见具寿萨嘎塔倒在城门口。看见以后,世尊对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,扶起萨嘎塔。”“是,尊师。”那些比丘回答世尊后,把具寿萨嘎塔抬回寺院,让他头朝向世尊的方向躺下。具寿萨嘎塔翻转身体,脚朝向世尊的方向,就这么躺着。接着,世尊问诸比丘:“诸比丘,以前,萨嘎塔对如来不是恭敬、敬重的吗?”“是的,尊师。”“诸比丘,那现在,萨嘎塔对如来恭敬、敬重吗?”“不,尊师。”“诸比丘,萨嘎塔不是和安巴提塔的那伽龙交战过吗?”“是的,尊师。”“诸比丘,现在,萨嘎塔还能跟那伽龙交战吗?”“不能,尊师。”“诸比丘,喝下去会让人失去神志的东西,可以喝吗?”“不能,尊师。”“那不合适,诸比丘,对萨嘎塔来说不随顺、不相配、非沙门法、不许可、不可做。诸比丘,萨嘎塔怎么会喝谷酒呢!诸比丘,这不是令未信者生信……(省略)……诸比丘,你们应该这样诵此学处:显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā sambahulehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ nagaramhā nikkhamanto addasa āyasmantaṃ sāgataṃ nagaradvāre paripatantaṃ. Disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘gaṇhatha, bhikkhave, sāgata’’nti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā āyasmantaṃ sāgataṃ ārāmaṃ netvā yena bhagavā tena sīsaṃ katvā nipātesuṃ. Atha kho āyasmā sāgato parivattitvā yena bhagavā tena pāde karitvā seyyaṃ kappesi . Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘nanu, bhikkhave, pubbe sāgato tathāgate sagāravo ahosi sappatisso’’ti ? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Api nu kho, bhikkhave, sāgato etarahi tathāgate sagāravo sappatisso’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Nanu, bhikkhave, sāgato ambatitthikena nāgena saddhiṃ saṅgāmesī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Api nu kho, bhikkhave, sāgato etarahi pahoti nāgena saddhiṃ saṅgāmetu’’nti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Api nu kho, bhikkhave, taṃ pātabbaṃ yaṃ pivitvā visaññī assā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Ananucchavikaṃ, bhikkhave, sāgatassa ananulomikaṃ appatirūpaṃ assāmaṇakaṃ akappiyaṃ akaraṇīyaṃ. Kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, sāgato majjaṃ pivissati! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
327 饮谷酒、果酒(诸酒)者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Surāmerayapāne pācittiya’’nti.
328 谷酒、糕饼酒、米酒、加了酵母的酒、混合酿制的酒。显示巴利原文
nāma piṭṭhasurā pūvasurā odanasurā kiṇṇapakkhittā sambhārasaṃyuttā.
花酒、果酒、蜜酒、糖酒、混合酿制的酒。显示巴利原文
nāma pupphāsavo phalāsavo madhvāsavo guḷāsavo sambhārasaṃyutto.
哪怕只是用草尖沾上一滴来喝,也犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti antamaso kusaggenapi pivati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
喝酒,且知道这是酒,犯波逸提。喝酒,但不确定这是不是酒,犯波逸提。喝酒,但以为这不是酒,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Majje majjasaññī pivati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Majje vematiko pivati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Majje amajjasaññī pivati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
不是酒,但以为是酒,犯恶作。不是酒,但不确定是不是酒,犯恶作。不是酒,也知道不是酒,不犯。显示巴利原文
Amajje majjasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Amajje vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Amajje amajjasaññī, anāpatti.
329 不犯的情况:那种东西不是酒,却有着酒的颜色、酒的气味和酒的味道,把它喝了;把它用在汤的调味里;把它用在肉的调味里;把它用在油的调味里;喝酸枣酿的饮料;喝的不是酒,是无酒精的苦涩药水;精神失常的人;最初的犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti amajjañca hoti majjavaṇṇaṃ majjagandhaṃ majjarasaṃ taṃ pivati, sūpasampāke, maṃsasampāke, telasampāke, āmalakaphāṇite, amajjaṃ ariṭṭhaṃ pivati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
2. 安古利巴多德咖学处显示巴利原文
2. Aṅgulipatodakasikkhāpadaṃ
330 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时候,六群比丘用手指戳弄的方式去逗弄一位十七团体的比丘。那位比丘被逗得喘不过气,在极度窒息中去世了。那些少欲知足的诸比丘……呵责、非难、指责说:“六群比丘怎么能用手指戳弄的方式去逗弄那位比丘呢?”……佛陀说:“诸比丘,你们真的用手指戳弄的方式去逗弄了那位比丘吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责了……说:“你们这些蠢人,怎么能用手指戳弄的方式去逗弄那位比丘呢!蠢人,这既不能让还没生信心的人生起信心……那么,诸比丘,你们应该这样诵读这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sattarasavaggiyaṃ bhikkhuṃ aṅgulipatodakena hāsesuṃ. So bhikkhu uttanto anassāsako kālamakāsi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhuṃ aṅgulipatodakena hāsessantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ aṅgulipatodakena hāsethāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, bhikkhuṃ aṅgulipatodakena hāsessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
331 以指头搔弄(他人致笑)者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Aṅgulipatodake pācittiya’’nti.
332 凡是已受具足戒者,以嬉戏的意图,用自己的身体去触碰另一个已受具足戒者的身体,犯波逸提。把对方当作已受具足戒者,用手指戳弄的方式去逗弄,犯波逸提。不确定对方是否已受具足戒,用手指戳弄的方式去逗弄,犯波逸提。把已受具足戒者当作未受具足戒者,用手指戳弄的方式去逗弄,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nāma upasampanno upasampannaṃ hasādhippāyo kāyena kāyaṃ āmasati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne upasampannasaññī aṅgulipatodakena hāseti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne vematiko aṅgulipatodakena hāseti, āpatti pācittiyassa . Upasampanne anupasampannasaññī aṅgulipatodakena hāseti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
用自己的身体,去接触与对方身体相连的东西,犯恶作。用自己身上与身体相连的东西,去接触对方的身体,犯恶作。用自己身上与身体相连的东西,去接触对方身上与身体相连的东西,犯恶作。用自己身上可舍离的物品,去接触对方的身体,犯恶作。用自己身上可舍离的物品,去接触对方身上与身体相连的东西,犯恶作。用自己身上可舍离的物品,去接触对方身上可舍离的物品,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Kāyena kāyapaṭibaddhaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Kāyapaṭibaddhena kāyaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Kāyapaṭibaddhena kāyapaṭibaddhaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nissaggiyena kāyaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nissaggiyena kāyapaṭibaddhaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nissaggiyena nissaggiyaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
333 对尚未受具足戒者,用自己的身体去触撞对方的身体,犯恶作。用自己的身体,去触撞与对方身体相连的东西,犯恶作。用自己身上与身体相连的东西,去触撞对方的身体,犯恶作。用自己身上与身体相连的东西,去触撞对方身上与身体相连的东西,犯恶作。用自己身上可舍离的物品,去触撞对方的身体,犯恶作。用自己身上可舍离的物品,去触撞对方身上与身体相连的东西,犯恶作。用自己身上可舍离的物品,去触撞对方身上可舍离的物品,犯恶作。把未受具足戒者当作已受具足戒者,犯恶作。不确定对方是否已受具足戒,犯恶作。知道对方未受具足戒,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Anupasampannaṃ kāyena kāyaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Kāyena kāyapaṭibaddhaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Kāyapaṭibaddhena kāyaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Kāyapaṭibaddhena kāyapaṭibaddhaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nissaggiyena kāyaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa . Nissaggiyena kāyapaṭibaddhaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nissaggiyena nissaggiyaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne upasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne anupasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
334 无犯:没有嬉戏的意图,有需要时触碰,精神失常者,最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti na hasādhippāyo, sati karaṇīye āmasati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
3. 哈萨达马学处显示巴利原文
3. Hasadhammasikkhāpadaṃ
335 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,十七群比丘在阿致罗筏底河里玩水。那时,憍萨罗国王波斯匿正与玛莉咖王后一起待在上层宫殿。憍萨罗国王波斯匿看见十七群比丘在阿致罗筏底河里玩水。看见后,对玛莉咖王后这么说:“玛莉咖,你看,那些阿拉汉在玩水呢。”“大王,毫无疑问,要么是世尊还没有制定学处,要么是那些比丘不领情。” 这时,憍萨罗国王波斯匿心想:“我有什么办法,既能不向世尊告状,又能让世尊知道这些比丘玩水了呢?”于是,憍萨罗国王波斯匿派人把十七群比丘叫来,给了他们一个大糖团,说道:“尊者,请把这个糖团献给世尊。”十七群比丘接过那个糖团,就去到世尊那里。到了之后,对世尊说:“尊者,这是憍萨罗国王波斯匿供养给世尊的糖团。”“诸比丘,国王在哪里看见你们的?”“在阿致罗筏底河里,世尊,我们那时在玩水。” 佛陀世尊呵责说……“你们这些愚人,怎么能在水里玩呢!愚人们,这不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,应当这样诵此学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū aciravatiyā nadiyā udake kīḷanti. Tena kho pana samayena rājā pasenadi kosalo mallikāya deviyā saddhiṃ uparipāsādavaragato hoti. Addasā kho rājā pasenadi kosalo sattarasavaggiye bhikkhū aciravatiyā nadiyā udake kīḷante. Disvāna mallikaṃ deviṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ete te, mallike, arahanto udake kīḷantī’’ti. ‘‘Nissaṃsayaṃ kho, mahārāja, bhagavatā sikkhāpadaṃ apaññattaṃ. Te vā bhikkhū appakataññuno’’ti. Atha kho rañño pasenadissa kosalassa etadahosi – ‘‘kena nu kho ahaṃ upāyena bhagavato ca na āroceyyaṃ, bhagavā ca jāneyya ime bhikkhū udake kīḷitā’’ti? Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo sattarasavaggiye bhikkhū pakkosāpetvā mahantaṃ guḷapiṇḍaṃ adāsi – ‘‘imaṃ, bhante, guḷapiṇḍaṃ bhagavato dethā’’ti. Sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū taṃ guḷapiṇḍaṃ ādāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘imaṃ, bhante, guḷapiṇḍaṃ rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavato detī’’ti. ‘‘Kahaṃ pana tumhe, bhikkhave, rājā addasā’’ti. ‘‘Aciravatiyā nadiyā, bhagavā, udake kīḷante’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, udake kīḷissatha! Netaṃ , moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
336 在水中嬉戏者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Udakehasadhammehassadhamme (sī. syā.)pācittiya’’nti.
337 如果比丘在脚踝以上的水里,以嬉戏的意图潜入、浮出或游泳,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nāma uparigopphake udake hasādhippāyo nimujjati vā ummujjati vā palavati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
338 在水中有嬉戏法,且意识到有嬉戏法,犯波逸提。在水中有嬉戏法,但对此有疑惑,犯波逸提。在水中有嬉戏法,但认为没有嬉戏法,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Udake hasadhamme hasadhammasaññī, āpatti pācittiyassa. Udake hasadhamme vematiko, āpatti pācittiyassa. Udake hasadhamme ahasadhammasaññī, āpatti pācittiyassa.
在脚踝以下的水里玩,犯恶作。在水里玩船,犯恶作。用手、脚、木棍或瓦片拍打水,犯恶作。玩容器里的水、酸粥、牛奶、酪浆、染料、尿液或泥浆,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Heṭṭhāgopphake udake kīḷati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Udake nāvāya kīḷati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Hatthena vā pādena vā kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalāya vā udakaṃ paharati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Bhājanagataṃ udakaṃ vā kañjikaṃ vā khīraṃ vā takkaṃ vā rajanaṃ vā passāvaṃ vā cikkhallaṃ vā kīḷati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
在水中没有嬉戏法,却认为有嬉戏法,犯恶作。在水中没有嬉戏法,但对此有疑惑,犯恶作。在水中没有嬉戏法,且意识到没有嬉戏法,无犯。显示巴利原文
Udake ahasadhamme hasadhammasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Udake ahasadhamme vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Udake ahasadhamme ahasadhammasaññī, anāpatti.
339 无犯:没有嬉戏的意图;有需要时进入水中,从而潜入、浮出或游泳;为了过到对岸而潜入、浮出或游泳;遇到灾难时;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti na hasādhippāyo, sati karaṇīye udakaṃ otaritvā nimujjati vā ummujjati vā palavati vā, pāraṃ gacchanto nimujjati vā ummujjati vā palavati vā, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
4. 阿那达利亚学处显示巴利原文
4. Anādariyasikkhāpadaṃ
340 那时,佛陀世尊住在憍赏弥的果希达园。就在那时,具寿阐诺行为不端。诸比丘对他说:“贤友阐诺,不要做这样的事,这是不如法的。”他却出于不尊重,照做不误。那些少欲的诸比丘……生起不满、讥嫌、指责:“具寿阐诺怎么能不尊重呢?”……“阐诺,是真的吗?听说你不尊重?”他答:“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道……“愚人,你怎能不尊重!愚人,这既不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā channo anācāraṃ ācarati. Bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘māvuso channa, evarūpaṃ akāsi. Netaṃ kappatī’’ti. So anādariyaṃ paṭicca karotiyeva. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā channo anādariyaṃ karissatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, channa, anādariyaṃ karosīti ? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, anādariyaṃ karissasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
341 (对如法劝告)不恭敬、轻慢者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Anādariye pācittiya’’nti.
342 所谓的不尊重有两种:对人的不尊重和对法的不尊重。显示巴利原文
nāma dve anādariyāni – puggalānādariyañca dhammānādariyañca.
所谓对人的不尊重是指:当受具足戒者依据已制定的学处指出过失时,心中想:“这个被举罪者、被贬损者、被呵责者,听他的话不会有好处”,从而表现出不尊重,这犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nāma upasampannena paññattena vuccamāno – ‘‘ayaṃ ukkhittako vā vambhito vā garahito vā, imassa vacanaṃ akataṃ bhavissatī’’ti anādariyaṃ karoti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
所谓对法的不尊重是指:当受具足戒者依据已制定的学处指出过失时,心中想:“怎样才能使这教法灭掉、坏掉、消失掉呢?”或者自己不想学习而表现出不尊重,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nāma upasampannena paññattena vuccamāno ‘‘kathāyaṃ nasseyya vā vinasseyya vā antaradhāyeyya vā’’, taṃ vā na sikkhitukāmo anādariyaṃ karoti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
343 对于受具足戒者,心中确定是受具足戒者,表现出不尊重,犯波逸提。对于受具足戒者,心存疑惑,表现出不尊重,犯波逸提。对于受具足戒者,心中以为是未受具足戒者,表现出不尊重,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanne upasampannasaññī anādariyaṃ karoti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne vematiko anādariyaṃ karoti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne anupasampannasaññī anādariyaṃ karoti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
当有人依据未制定的学处指出过失时,心中想:“这无助于少欲、无助于头陀行、无助于威仪端正、无助于减损烦恼、无助于精进策励”,从而表现出不尊重,犯恶作。当未受具足戒者依据已制定的或未制定的学处指出过失时,心中想:“这无助于少欲、无助于头陀行、无助于威仪端正、无助于减损烦恼、无助于精进策励”,从而表现出不尊重,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Apaññattena vuccamāno – ‘‘idaṃ na sallekhāya na dhutatthāya na pāsādikatāya na apacayāya na vīriyārambhāya saṃvattatī’’ti anādariyaṃ karoti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampannena paññattena vā apaññattena vā vuccamāno – ‘‘idaṃ na sallekhāya na dhutatthāya na pāsādikatāya na apacayāya na vīriyārambhāya saṃvattatī’’ti anādariyaṃ karoti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
对于未受具足戒者,心中以为是受具足戒者,犯恶作。对于未受具足戒者,心存疑惑,犯恶作。对于未受具足戒者,心中确定是未受具足戒者,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Anupasampanne upasampannasaññī āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne anupasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
344 无犯:若说:“我们老师们是这样学习和请问的。”或精神失常者,或最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – ‘‘evaṃ amhākaṃ ācariyānaṃ uggaho paripucchā’’ti bhaṇati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
5. 宾萨巴那学处显示巴利原文
5. Bhiṃsāpanasikkhāpadaṃ
345 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,六群比丘恐吓十七群比丘。那些被恐吓的诸比丘哭泣。诸比丘问:“贤友们,你们为什么哭?”“贤友们,这些六群比丘恐吓我们。”那些少欲知足的诸比丘指责、批评、谴责说:“六群比丘怎么能恐吓比丘呢?”……(世尊问)“诸比丘,你们真的恐吓比丘了吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责说:“愚人们!你们怎么能恐吓比丘呢?愚人们,这不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,应当这样诵此学处:”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sattarasavaggiye bhikkhū bhiṃsāpenti. Te bhiṃsāpīyamānā rodanti. Bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘kissa tumhe, āvuso, rodathā’’ti? ‘‘Ime, āvuso, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū amhe bhiṃsāpentī’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhuṃ bhiṃsāpessantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ bhiṃsāpethāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, bhikkhuṃ bhiṃsāpessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
346 若比丘恐吓(另一)比丘,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhuṃ bhiṃsāpeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
347 “比丘”者:即是这样的人……(中略)……此处所指的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“恐吓另一比丘”是指针对另一比丘。显示巴利原文
nti aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ.
具足戒者想要恐吓具足戒者,展示色、声、香、味、触,不论对方是否害怕,犯波逸提。告知贼难处、猛兽难处、鬼怪难处,不论对方是否害怕,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti upasampanno upasampannaṃ bhiṃsāpetukāmo rūpaṃ vā saddaṃ vā gandhaṃ vā rasaṃ vā phoṭṭhabbaṃ vā upasaṃharati. Bhāyeyya vā so na vā bhāyeyya, āpatti pācittiyassa. Corakantāraṃ vā vāḷakantāraṃ vā pisācakantāraṃ vā ācikkhati. Bhāyeyya vā so na vā bhāyeyya, āpatti pācittiyassa.
348 对具足戒者有具足戒想而恐吓,犯波逸提。对具足戒者犹豫而恐吓,犯波逸提。对具足戒者有非具足戒想而恐吓,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanne upasampannasaññī bhiṃsāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne vematiko bhiṃsāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. ‘Upasampanne anupasampannasaññī bhiṃsāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
想要恐吓非具足戒者,展示色、声、香、味、触,不论对方是否害怕,犯恶作。告知贼难处、猛兽难处、鬼怪难处,不论对方是否害怕,犯恶作。对非具足戒者有具足戒想,犯恶作。对非具足戒者犹豫,犯恶作。对非具足戒者有非具足戒想,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Anupasampannaṃ bhiṃsāpetukāmo rūpaṃ vā saddaṃ vā gandhaṃ vā rasaṃ vā phoṭṭhabbaṃ vā upasaṃharati. Bhāyeyya vā so na vā bhāyeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Corakantāraṃ vā vāḷakantāraṃ vā pisācakantāraṃ vā ācikkhati. Bhāyeyya vā so na vā bhāyeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa . Anupasampanne upasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne anupasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
349 不犯的情况是:并非想吓唬人,而是展示色、声、香、味、触;告知盗贼险境、野兽险境或恶鬼险境;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti na bhiṃsāpetukāmo rūpaṃ vā saddaṃ vā gandhaṃ vā rasaṃ vā phoṭṭhabbaṃ vā upasaṃharati, corakantāraṃ vā vāḷakantāraṃ vā pisācakantāraṃ vā ācikkhati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
6. 乔帝咖学处显示巴利原文
6. Jotikasikkhāpadaṃ
350 那时,佛陀世尊住在跋耆国的苏苏马拉吉里,贝沙卡拉树林的鹿野苑。那时,诸比丘在冬季里,将一根大空心木点燃生火后来熏烤身体。在那空心木里,有一条黑蛇被火灼热后窜了出来,追赶诸比丘。诸比丘到处奔逃。那些少欲的诸比丘……呵责、批评、指责道:“诸比丘怎么能点燃生火熏烤身体呢?”……“诸比丘,听说诸比丘真的点燃生火来熏烤身体吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道……“诸比丘,那些愚人怎么能点燃生火来熏烤身体呢!诸比丘,这不能让没有信心的人生起信心……诸比丘,你们应当这样宣读这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā bhaggesu viharati suṃsumāragire bhesakaḷāvane migadāye. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū hemantike kāle aññataraṃ mahantaṃ susirakaṭṭhaṃ jotiṃ samādahitvā visibbesuṃ. Tasmiñca susire kaṇhasappo agginā santatto nikkhamitvā bhikkhū paripātesi. Bhikkhū tahaṃ tahaṃ upadhāviṃsu. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhū jotiṃ samādahitvā visibbessantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū jotiṃ samādahitvā visibbentīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave , moghapurisā jotiṃ samādahitvā visibbessanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,为自己取暖而燃火或令人燃火者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
那时,世尊就这样为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
351 那时,有些比丘生病了。探望病者的诸比丘对那些生病的比丘这样说:“贤友,身体能忍受吗?还能维持吗?”“贤友,以前我们点燃生火熏烤身体,那样我们就舒服。但现在,想到‘世尊已经禁止了’,我们有所顾虑就不熏烤了,因此我们就不舒服。”诸比丘将此事禀告了世尊……“诸比丘,我允许生病的比丘自己点燃生火或让人点燃生火后来熏烤身体。而诸比丘,你们应当这样宣读这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū gilānā honti. Gilānapucchakā bhikkhū gilāne bhikkhū etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kaccāvuso, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīya’’nti? ‘‘Pubbe mayaṃ, āvuso, jotiṃ samādahitvā visibbema; tena no phāsu hoti. Idāni pana ‘‘bhagavatā paṭikkhitta’’nti kukkuccāyantā na visibbema, tena no na phāsu hotī’’ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānena bhikkhunā jotiṃ samādahitvā vā samādahāpetvā vā visibbetuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,无病而为自己取暖燃火或令人燃火者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
那时,世尊就这样为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
352 那时,诸比丘在灯、火堆、暖房里也有所顾虑。诸比丘将此事禀告了世尊……“诸比丘,我允许因那样的因缘,点燃生火或让人点燃生火。而诸比丘,你们应当这样宣读这条学处——”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū padīpepi jotikepi jantāgharepi kukkuccāyanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tathārūpappaccayā jotiṃ samādahituṃ samādahāpetuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
353 若比丘无病、为取暖而(自)燃火或令人燃火,除有相应因缘外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu agilāno visibbanāpekkho jotiṃ samādaheyya vā samādahāpeyya vā, aññatra tathārūpappaccayā, pācittiya’’nti.
354 这里说的“比丘”,就是指这样一类人……(中间省略部分)……在此处的义理中,这就是“比丘”所指的含义。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“不需要火”的意思,是指离开火也舒适。显示巴利原文
nāma yassa vinā agginā phāsu hoti.
“需要火”的意思,是指离开火就不舒适。显示巴利原文
nāma yassa vinā agginā na phāsu hoti.
指的是想要取暖。显示巴利原文
ti tappitukāmo.
这里所说的“火”,就是指通常意义上的火。显示巴利原文
nāma aggi vuccati.
如果自己动手生火,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti sayaṃ samādahati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
如果指使别人生火,也犯波逸提。即使只指使了一次,对方却生了很多次火,仍然犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti aññaṃ āṇāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Sakiṃ āṇatto bahukampi samādahati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
除了适当的因缘。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā tathārūpappaccayaṃ.
355 无病者想无病,为了取暖,自己生火或叫人把火生起来,除了适当的因缘,犯波逸提。无病者心存疑虑,为了取暖,自己生火或叫人把火生起来,除了适当的因缘,犯波逸提。无病者想有病,为了取暖,自己生火或叫人把火生起来,除了适当的因缘,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Agilāno agilānasaññī visibbanāpekkho jotiṃ samādahati vā samādahāpeti vā, aññatra tathārūpappaccayā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Agilāno vematiko visibbanāpekkho jotiṃ samādahati vā samādahāpeti vā, aññatra tathārūpappaccayā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Agilāno gilānasaññī visibbanāpekkho jotiṃ samādahati vā samādahāpeti vā, aññatra tathārūpappaccayā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
把已获得的舍弃掉,犯恶作。有病者想无病,犯恶作。有病者心存疑虑,犯恶作。有病者想有病,无罪。显示巴利原文
Paṭilātaṃ ukkhipati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Gilāno agilānasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Gilāno vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Gilāno gilānasaññī, anāpatti.
356 无罪的情况:病者;把别人生的火拿来取暖;烤已熄灭的无焰炭火;为了灯、火把、火房的适当因缘;遇到灾祸时;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti gilānassa, aññena kataṃ visibbeti, vītaccitaṅgāraṃ visibbeti, padīpe jotike jantāghare tathārūpappaccayā, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
7. 那哈那学处显示巴利原文
7. Nahānasikkhāpadaṃ
357 那时,佛世尊住在王舍城竹林迦兰陀迦园。那时候,诸比丘在塔波达池洗澡。那时,摩揭陀国洗尼瓶阇萨罗王想要洗头,来到塔波达池,看到诸比丘正在洗澡,就在一旁等待。诸比丘一直洗到天黑。于是摩揭陀国洗尼瓶阇萨罗王在非时洗了头,城门已关,只好住在城外。清晨时分,国王带着未抹匀的涂香,来到世尊那里,敬礼后坐在一边。世尊问他说:“大王,你为什么这么早来,涂香还没抹匀呢?”摩揭陀国洗尼瓶阇萨罗王就把事情的经过禀告了世尊。于是世尊以法语开示、教导、激励、令摩揭陀国洗尼瓶阇萨罗王欢喜。国王受到法语的开示、教导、激励而欢喜后,从座起身,敬礼世尊,右绕后离去。那时,世尊以此因缘、以此事件,召集比丘僧团,问诸比丘说:“诸比丘,听说诸比丘看见国王来了,也不懂得分寸,一直洗澡,这事是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛世尊呵责说……“诸比丘,这些愚人,看见国王来了,怎么还不懂得分寸,一直洗澡呢!诸比丘,这不能让没信心的人生起信心……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū tapode nahāyanti. Tena kho pana samayena rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro ‘‘sīsaṃ nahāyissāmī’’ti tapodaṃ gantvā – ‘‘yāvāyyā nahāyantī’’ti ekamantaṃ paṭimānesi. Bhikkhū yāva samandhakārā nahāyiṃsu. Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro vikāle sīsaṃ nahāyitvā, nagaradvāre thakite bahinagare vasitvā, kālasseva asambhinnena vilepanena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ seniyaṃ bimbisāraṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘kissa tvaṃ, mahārāja, kālasseva āgato asambhinnena vilepanenā’’ti? Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Atha kho bhagavā rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ seniyaṃ bimbisāraṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassito samādapito samuttejito sampahaṃsito uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhū paṭipucchi – ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū rājānampi passitvā na mattaṃ jānitvā nahāyantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā rājānampi passitvā na mattaṃ jānitvā nahāyissanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,未满半月而洗澡者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
358 那时候,诸比丘在酷暑时、炎热时,心存顾虑不敢洗澡,全身是汗地躺着。衣服和住处都弄脏了。他们禀告世尊……世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许在酷暑时、炎热时,未满半个月洗澡。”诸比丘,你们应当这样诵这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū uṇhasamaye pariḷāhasamaye kukkuccāyantā na nahāyanti, sedagatena gattena sayanti. Cīvarampi senāsanampi dussati. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, uṇhasamaye pariḷāhasamaye orenaddhamāsaṃ nahāyituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,除适当因缘外,未满半月而洗澡者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
359 那时,比丘们生病了。探病的诸比丘对那些生病的比丘这样说:“贤友,还能忍受吗?还能维持吗?”“贤友,以前我们在不足半月时洗澡,因此我们舒适;但现在想到‘世尊禁止了’,心生顾忌而不洗澡,因此我们不舒适。”他们把这件事禀告了世尊……“诸比丘,我允许生病的比丘在不足半月时洗澡。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū gilānā honti. Gilānapucchakā bhikkhū gilāne bhikkhū etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kaccāvuso, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīya’’nti? ‘‘Pubbe mayaṃ, āvuso, orenaddhamāsaṃ nahāyāma, tena no phāsu hoti; idāni pana ‘‘bhagavatā paṭikkhitta’’nti kukkuccāyantā na nahāyāma, tena no na phāsu hotī’’ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānena bhikkhunā orenaddhamāsaṃ nahāyituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,除适当因缘外,未满半月而洗澡者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti.
如是,这条学处由世尊为诸比丘而制定。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
360 那时,一些比丘做完修建工作后,因为担心犯戒,不敢洗澡。他们汗湿全身地躺着,把衣服和坐卧具都弄得污秽不堪。他们将此事报告世尊……(省略)……“诸比丘,我允许在工作时节不满半月的时间里洗澡。诸比丘,此学处应这样诵:”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū navakammaṃ katvā kukkuccāyantā na nahāyanti. Te sedagatena gattena sayanti. Cīvarampi senāsanampi dussati. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, kammasamaye orenaddhamāsaṃ nahāyituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,除适当因缘外,未满半月而洗澡者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti.
这学处是世尊为诸比丘如此制定的。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
361 那时,诸比丘远行之后,由于有所顾虑,便不洗澡。他们汗湿着身体睡觉,衣服和坐卧具也被汗浸坏。他们向世尊禀告了这件事。……“诸比丘,我允许在行路期间,可以未满半月而洗澡。再者,诸比丘,你们应当这样诵此学处——显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū addhānaṃ gantvā kukkuccāyantā na nahāyanti. Te sedagatena gattena sayanti. Cīvarampi senāsanampi dussati. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, addhānagamanasamaye orenaddhamāsaṃ nahāyituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,除适当因缘外,未满半月而洗澡者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
362 那时,众多比丘在露天做衣,被含尘的风吹得一身土,又有微微细雨飘洒到身上。诸比丘由于顾虑而不洗澡,湿着身体睡觉,衣服和坐卧具也因此受潮损坏。他们向世尊禀告了这件事。……“诸比丘,我允许在刮风下雨的时候,可以未满半月而洗澡。再者,诸比丘,你们应当这样诵此学处——显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū ajjhokāse cīvarakammaṃ karontā sarajena vātena okiṇṇā honti. Devo ca thokaṃ thokaṃ phusāyati. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā na nahāyanti, kilinnena gattena sayanti. Cīvarampi senāsanampi dussati. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, vātavuṭṭhisamaye orenaddhamāsaṃ nahāyituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
363 任何比丘,除非在适宜的时候,若未满半月洗澡者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu orenaddhamāsaṃ nahāyeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṃ. Tatthāyaṃ samayo. Diyaḍḍho māso seso gimhānanti vassānassa paṭhamo māso iccete aḍḍhateyyamāsā uṇhasamayo, pariḷāhasamayo, gilānasamayo, kammasamayo, addhānagamanasamayo, vātavuṭṭhisamayo– ayaṃ tattha samayo’’ti.
364 “比丘”者,即如此这般……乃至……此处是指在意义上所指的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“未满半月”者,即不足半个月。显示巴利原文
nti ūnakaddhamāsaṃ.
若用粉末或黏土擦身洗澡,每做一次动作,犯恶作;洗浴完毕时,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti cuṇṇena vā mattikāya vā nahāyati, payoge payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Nahānapariyosāne, āpatti pācittiyassa.
除了适时。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā samayaṃ.
所谓热时,是热季剩余的一个半月;所谓闷热时,是雨季的第一个月。所谓“这两个半月是热时、闷热时”,可以洗浴。显示巴利原文
nāma diyaḍḍho māso seso gimhānaṃ. nāma vassānassa paṭhamo māso ‘‘iccete aḍḍhateyyamāsā uṇhasamayo pariḷāhasamayo’’ti nahāyitabbaṃ.
如果离开洗浴就会不适。在病时,可以洗浴。显示巴利原文
nāma yassa vinā nahānena na phāsu hoti. Gilānasamayoti nahāyitabbaṃ.
哪怕连住处的地面都沾满尘土。在工作时,可以洗浴。显示巴利原文
nāma antamaso pariveṇampi sammaṭṭhaṃ hoti. ‘‘Kammasamayo’’ti nahāyitabbaṃ.
如果打算走半由旬路,可以洗浴;正在走的时候可以洗浴;走完之后可以洗浴。显示巴利原文
nāma ‘‘addhayojanaṃ gacchissāmī’’ti nahāyitabbaṃ, gacchantena nahāyitabbaṃ, gatena nahāyitabbaṃ.
如果诸比丘被含尘的风吹得浑身是土,或身上溅了两三滴水点。在风暴降雨之时,可以洗浴。显示巴利原文
nāma bhikkhū sarajena vātena okiṇṇā honti, dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni kāye patitāni honti. ‘‘Vātavuṭṭhisamayo’’ti nahāyitabbaṃ.
365 不足半个月时,想作不足想,非适时洗浴,犯波逸提。不足半个月时,心存疑惑,非适时洗浴,犯波逸提。不足半个月时,想作超过想,非适时洗浴,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Ūnakaddhamāse ūnakasaññī, aññatra samayā, nahāyati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ūnakaddhamāse vematiko, aññatra samayā, nahāyati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ūnakaddhamāse atirekasaññī, aññatra samayā, nahāyati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
超过半个月时,想作不足想,犯恶作。超过半个月时,心存疑惑,犯恶作。超过半个月时,想作超过想,无犯。显示巴利原文
Atirekaddhamāse ūnakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Atirekaddhamāse vematiko , āpatti dukkaṭassa. Atirekaddhamāse atirekasaññī, anāpatti.
366 没有犯戒的情况:在适当的时候,半个月洗浴一次,超过半个月才洗浴,为了渡到对岸而洗浴,在所有边地,遇到危难时,精神失常者,最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti samaye, addhamāsaṃ nahāyati, atirekaddhamāsaṃ nahāyati, pāraṃ gacchanto nahāyati, sabbapaccantimesu janapadesu, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
8. 杜般纳咖拉那学处显示巴利原文
8. Dubbaṇṇakaraṇasikkhāpadaṃ
367 那时候,佛世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,有众多比丘和一批遍行外道从沙枳多出发,走远路去舍卫城。在途中,有贼人冲出来,抢掠了他们。舍卫城的官兵出动,抓住了那些贼,连同赃物一起,并派人到诸比丘那里传话说:“尊者们,请来认领各自的三衣,然后拿走吧。”诸比丘认不出来。那些人就抱怨、讥讽、指责说:“怎么这些尊者连自己的三衣都认不出来呢!”诸比丘听到了那些人的抱怨、讥讽、指责。于是,诸比丘就把这件事禀告了世尊。当时,世尊以这个因缘、这个机会,召集比丘僧团,对诸比丘作了与之相应、与之相宜的法语开示后,对诸比丘说:“那么,诸比丘,我就为诸比丘制定学处,出于十种考虑:为了僧团的优越,为了僧团的安乐……乃至为了正法的久住,为了律的护持。诸比丘,你们应当这样来诵这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū ca paribbājakā ca sāketā sāvatthiṃ addhānamaggappaṭipannā honti. Antarāmagge corā nikkhamitvā te acchindiṃsu. Sāvatthiyā rājabhaṭā nikkhamitvā te core sabhaṇḍe gahetvā bhikkhūnaṃ santike dūtaṃ pāhesuṃ – ‘‘āgacchantu, bhadantā, sakaṃ sakaṃ cīvaraṃ sañjānitvā gaṇhantū’’ti. Bhikkhū na sañjānanti. Te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhadantā attano attano cīvaraṃ na sañjānissantī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhūnaṃ tadanucchavikaṃ tadanulomikaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapessāmi dasa atthavase paṭicca – saṅghasuṭṭhutāya, saṅghaphāsutāya…pe… saddhammaṭṭhitiyā, vinayānuggahāya. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
368 比丘得新衣,应取三种坏色之一作记:青色、泥色或黑褐色;若比丘不取三种坏色之一作坏色就用新衣,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Navaṃ pana bhikkhunā cīvaralābhena tiṇṇaṃ dubbaṇṇakaraṇānaṃ aññataraṃ dubbaṇṇakaraṇaṃ ādātabbaṃ – nīlaṃ vā kaddamaṃ vā kāḷasāmaṃ vā. Anādāce bhikkhu tiṇṇaṃ dubbaṇṇakaraṇānaṃ aññataraṃ dubbaṇṇakaraṇaṃnavaṃ cīvaraṃ paribhuñjeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
369 所谓“未作法”是指尚未作持的。显示巴利原文
nāma akatakappaṃ vuccati.
所谓“六种衣中的一种衣”。显示巴利原文
nāma channaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ.
乃至哪怕用草尖,也要拿取。显示巴利原文
nti antamaso kusaggenapi ādātabbaṃ.
所谓两种蓝色:铜青蓝和叶青蓝。显示巴利原文
nāma dve nīlāni – kaṃsanīlaṃ, palāsanīlaṃ.
所谓“有水的”是指有水分的。显示巴利原文
nāma odako vuccati.
‘……’是指任何黑色或棕色的。显示巴利原文
nāma yaṃkiñci kāḷasāmakaṃ .
……乃至即使以草尖那么一点都不采取三种坏色之一(的染法)而使用新袈裟,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti antamaso kusaggenapi anādiyitvā tiṇṇaṃ dubbaṇṇakaraṇānaṃ aññataraṃ dubbaṇṇakaraṇaṃ navaṃ cīvaraṃ paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
370 在未采取坏色的情况下,若比丘有‘未采取想’而使用,犯波逸提;有疑惑而使用,犯波逸提;有‘已采取想’而使用,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Anādinne anādinnasaññī paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Anādinne vematiko paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Anādinne ādinnasaññī paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
在已采取之物的情况下,若比丘有‘未采取想’而使用,犯恶作;有疑惑而使用,犯恶作;有‘已采取想’而使用,无罪。显示巴利原文
Ādinne anādinnasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ādinne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ādinne ādinnasaññī, anāpatti.
371 无犯:采取(坏色)后而使用;净法已失;作净处已旧损;已作净的与未作净的缝合在一起;在衣角、破损处、补缀处(使用);精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpattiādiyitvā paribhuñjati, kappo naṭṭho hoti, kappakatokāso jiṇṇo hoti, kappakatena akappakataṃ saṃsibbitaṃ hoti, aggaḷe anuvāte paribhaṇḍe, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
9. 维咖巴那学处显示巴利原文
9. Vikappanasikkhāpadaṃ
372 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,具寿释迦子优波难陀,将自己兄弟的弟子比丘的袈裟,自己作了归属处置后,没有归还(给那位比丘)便使用。于是那位比丘将此因缘告知诸比丘:‘贤友!这位具寿释迦子优波难陀,将我的袈裟自己作了归属处置后,没有归还就使用了。’那些少欲知足的比丘对此呵责、批评、指责:‘具寿释迦子优波难陀怎么能将比丘的袈裟自己作了归属处置后,不归还而使用呢?’然后,世尊问优波难陀:‘优波难陀,据说你真的将比丘的袈裟自己作了归属处置后,不归还就使用了?’‘是的,世尊。’佛陀世尊呵责:‘愚人!你怎么能将比丘的袈裟自己作了归属处置后,不归还而使用呢?愚人!这不能令未信者生信……’‘诸比丘,应当这样诵此学处——’显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto bhātuno saddhivihārikassa bhikkhuno sāmaṃ cīvaraṃ vikappetvā appaccuddhāraṇaṃ paribhuñjati. Atha kho so bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi – ‘‘ayaṃ, āvuso, āyasmā upanando sakyaputto mayhaṃ cīvaraṃ sāmaṃ vikappetvā appaccuddhāraṇaṃ paribhuñjatī’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto bhikkhussa sāmaṃ cīvaraṃ vikappetvā appaccuddhāraṇaṃ paribhuñjissatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, upananda, bhikkhussa sāmaṃ cīvaraṃ vikappetvā appaccuddhāraṇaṃ paribhuñjasīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, bhikkhussa sāmaṃ cīvaraṃ vikappetvā appaccuddhāraṇaṃ paribhuñjissasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
373 若比丘把衣对(另一)比丘、比丘尼、学法女、沙弥或沙弥尼作净施(共有)后,未经对方舍还就擅自取用,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā sikkhamānāya vā sāmaṇerassa vā sāmaṇeriyā vā sāmaṃ cīvaraṃ vikappetvā appaccuddhāraṇaṃapaccuddhārakaṃ (sī. syā.)paribhuñjeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
374 ‘比丘’者:凡是具如此形相者……。在此意义上,这是所指的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
给其他比丘的。显示巴利原文
ti aññassa bhikkhussa.
所谓在两部僧中受具足戒。显示巴利原文
nāma ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā.
所谓十学处者。显示巴利原文
nāma dasasikkhāpadiko.
所谓十学处者(女性)。显示巴利原文
nāma dasasikkhāpadikā.
是自己分配后。显示巴利原文
nti sayaṃ vikappetvā.
所谓六种衣中的任何一种衣,可作分配的,最后一种。显示巴利原文
nāma channaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ vikappanupagaṃ pacchimaṃ.
所谓两种分配——当面分配与背面分配。显示巴利原文
nāma dve vikappanā – sammukhāvikappanā ca parammukhāvikappanā ca.
称为:‘我把这件衣分配给你或某某人。’显示巴利原文
nāma ‘‘imaṃ cīvaraṃ tuyhaṃ vikappemi itthannāmassa vā’’ti.
称为: '我把这件衣给你用于净施。' 那人应当说: '谁是你的朋友或亲近者?' 回答说: '某某和某某。' 那人应当说: '我把它给他们。你使用他们的所属物,或舍弃,或根据需要处理吧。'显示巴利原文
nāma ‘‘imaṃ cīvaraṃ vikappanatthāya tuyhaṃ dammī’’ti. Tena vattabbo – ‘‘ko te mitto vā sandiṭṭho vā’’ti? ‘‘Itthannāmo ca itthannāmo cā’’ti. Tena vattabbo – ‘‘ahaṃ tesaṃ dammi, tesaṃ santakaṃ paribhuñja vā vissajjehi vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karohī’’ti.
如果既未授予他,又对他不信赖而使用,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nāma tassa vā adinnaṃ, tassa vā avissasanto paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
375 在未撤回的情况下,有未撤回想而使用,犯波逸提。在未撤回的情况下,心有疑惑而使用,犯波逸提。在未撤回的情况下,有未撤回想而使用,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Appaccuddhāraṇe appaccuddhāraṇasaññī paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Appaccuddhāraṇe vematiko paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Appaccuddhāraṇe appaccuddhāraṇasaññī paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
如果决意了或舍弃了,犯恶作。在已撤回的情况下,有未撤回想,犯恶作。在已撤回的情况下,心有疑惑,犯恶作。在已撤回的情况下,有已撤回想,则不犯。显示巴利原文
Adhiṭṭheti vā vissajjeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Paccuddhāraṇe appaccuddhāraṇasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa . Paccuddhāraṇe vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Paccuddhāraṇe paccuddhāraṇasaññī, anāpatti.
376 无犯的情况是: 他给了,或对他信赖而使用,精神失常者,最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti so vā deti, tassa vā vissasanto paribhuñjati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
10. 吉瓦拉阿巴尼达那学处显示巴利原文
10. Cīvaraapanidhānasikkhāpadaṃ
377 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,十七群诸比丘把资具随手乱放,没有收好。六群比丘就把十七群诸比丘的钵和衣藏了起来。十七群比丘对六群比丘这样说: '贤友们,把我们的钵和衣还给我们吧。' 六群比丘笑了起来,那些比丘就哭了。其他诸比丘问道: '贤友们,你们为什么哭呢?' 他们回答: '贤友们,这些六群比丘把我们的钵和衣都藏起来了。' 那些少欲知足的诸比丘…… 纷纷呵责、批评、指责道: '六群比丘怎么能把诸比丘的钵和衣藏起来呢?' …… 世尊问: '诸比丘,你们真的把诸比丘的钵和衣藏起来了吗?' 他们答: '是真的,世尊。' 佛陀世尊呵责道…… '你们这些愚人,怎么能把诸比丘的钵和衣藏起来呢!愚人们,这不能让未生信者生信…… 诸比丘,应当这样诵这条学处——'显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū asannihitaparikkhārā honti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sattarasavaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pattampi cīvarampi apanidhenti. Sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū etadavocuṃ – ‘‘dethāvuso, amhākaṃ pattampi cīvarampī’’ti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū hasanti, te rodanti. Bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘kissa tumhe, āvuso, rodathā’’ti? ‘‘Ime, āvuso, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū amhākaṃ pattampi cīvarampi apanidhentī’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhūnaṃ pattampi cīvarampi apanidhessantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pattampi cīvarampi apanidhethāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, bhikkhūnaṃ pattampi cīvarampi apanidhessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
378 若比丘把(另一)比丘的钵、衣、坐具、针筒或腰带藏起来(或令人藏),即便只是开玩笑,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yopana bhikkhu bhikkhussa pattaṃ vā cīvaraṃ vā nisīdanaṃ vā sūcigharaṃ vā kāyabandhanaṃ vā apanidheyya vā apanidhāpeyya vā, antamaso hasāpekkhopi, pācittiya’’nti.
379 ‘比丘’,就是那种……(省略)的,在此意义上称为比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
另一个比丘的。显示巴利原文
ti aññassa bhikkhussa.
‘钵’有两种:铁钵和陶钵。显示巴利原文
nāma dve pattā – ayopatto, mattikāpatto.
这是指六种衣中的某一种衣,是适合作净的最小限度之衣。显示巴利原文
nāma channaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ, vikappanupagaṃ pacchimaṃ.
‘有布的’是指带边的布。显示巴利原文
nāma sadasaṃ vuccati.
‘有针脚的’或‘无针脚的’。显示巴利原文
nāma sasūcikaṃ vā asūcikaṃ vā.
‘腰带’有两种:扁带和猪肠状的腰带。显示巴利原文
nāma dve kāyabandhanāni – paṭṭikā, sūkarantakaṃ.
如果自己把它们移到别处,就犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti sayaṃ apanidheti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
当他指使其他人时,犯波逸提。当他指使尊师时,犯波逸提。被指使一次后,即使他将很多物品藏起来,也犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti aññaṃ āṇāpesi, āpatti pācittiyassa. ti ayyaṃ āṇāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Sakiṃ āṇatto bahukampi apanidheti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
他存有嬉戏的意图。显示巴利原文
ti kīḷādhippāyo.
380 对已受具足戒者,心里也认为对方是已受具足戒者,将他的钵、或衣、或坐布、或针筒、或腰带藏起来,或指使他人藏起来,哪怕只是存有开玩笑的意思,也犯波逸提。对已受具足戒者,心里存有疑虑……对已受具足戒者,心里却认为对方是未受具足戒者,将他的钵、或衣、或坐布、或针筒、或腰带藏起来,或指使他人藏起来,哪怕只是存有开玩笑的意思,也犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanne upasampannasaññī pattaṃ vā cīvaraṃ vā nisīdanaṃ vā sūcigharaṃ vā kāyabandhanaṃ vā apanidheti vā apanidhāpeti vā, antamaso hasāpekkhopi, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne vematiko…pe… upasampanne anupasampannasaññī pattaṃ vā cīvaraṃ vā nisīdanaṃ vā sūcigharaṃ vā kāyabandhanaṃ vā apanidheti vā apanidhāpeti vā, antamaso hasāpekkhopi, āpatti pācittiyassa.
将其他资具藏起来,或指使他人藏起来,哪怕只是存有开玩笑的意思,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者,将他的钵、或衣、或其他资具藏起来,或指使他人藏起来,哪怕只是存有开玩笑的意思,犯恶作。将未受具足戒者,当作已受具足戒者想,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者,心里存有疑虑,犯恶作。将未受具足戒者,作未受具足戒者想,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Aññaṃ parikkhāraṃ apanidheti vā apanidhāpeti vā, antamaso hasāpekkhopi, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampannassa pattaṃ vā cīvaraṃ vā aññaṃ vā parikkhāraṃ apanidheti vā apanidhāpeti vā, antamaso hasāpekkhopi, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne upasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa . Anupasampanne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne anupasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
381 不犯:没有开玩笑的意图;将没有放好的物品放好;心想'作了法语开示之后就还给他'而把物品收好;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti nahasādhippāyo, dunnikkhittaṃ paṭisāmeti, ‘‘dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā dassāmī’’ti paṭisāmeti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
酒、以手指、嬉戏,还有轻慢以及惊吓;
火光、沐浴、坏色,以及自己藏匿。
显示巴利原文 Surā aṅguli hāso ca , anādariyañca bhiṃsanaṃ; Jotinahānadubbaṇṇaṃ, sāmaṃ apanidhena cāti.
7. 有虫品显示巴利原文
7. Sappāṇakavaggo
1. 散吉吒学处显示巴利原文
1. Sañciccasikkhāpadaṃ
382 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,具寿优陀夷擅长射箭,而乌鸦很令他讨厌。他便射杀乌鸦,砍下它们的头,一排排插在木桩上。诸比丘问道:“道友,这些乌鸦是谁杀的?”“是我,道友。我讨厌这些乌鸦。”那些少欲的比丘……(省略)……纷纷指责批评道:“具寿优陀夷怎么能故意杀害有情呢?”……(省略)……“优陀夷,你真的故意杀害有情了吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道:“愚人!你怎么能故意杀害有情呢?愚人,这既不能让未生信者生信……(省略)……诸比丘,此学处应这样诵:”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā udāyī issāso hoti, kākā cassa amanāpā honti. So kāke vijjhitvā vijjhitvā sīsaṃ chinditvā sūle paṭipāṭiyā ṭhapesi. Bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘kenime, āvuso, kākā jīvitā voropitā’’ti? ‘‘Mayā, āvuso. Amanāpā me kākā’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā udāyī sañcicca pāṇaṃ jīvitā voropessatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, udāyi, sañcicca pāṇaṃ jīvitā voropesīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ , bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, sañcicca pāṇaṃ jīvitā voropessasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
383 若比丘故意夺取(畜生)生命,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yopana bhikkhu sañcicca pāṇaṃ jīvitā voropeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
384 “比丘”者,如是……(省略)……在此意义上称为比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“故意”者,即知道、清楚地知道,存心越过而违犯。显示巴利原文
ti jānanto sañjānanto cecca abhivitaritvā vītikkamo.
“名为”指的是畜生。显示巴利原文
nāma tiracchānagatapāṇo vuccati.
他切断命根、阻断命根、破坏生命相续,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti jīvitindriyaṃ upacchindati uparodheti santatiṃ vikopeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
385 对生物有生物想而夺取其生命,犯波逸提。对生物有疑惑而夺取其生命,犯恶作。对生物有非生物想而夺取其生命,无犯。对非生物有生物想,犯恶作。对非生物有疑惑,犯恶作。对非生物有非生物想,无犯。显示巴利原文
Pāṇe pāṇasaññī jīvitā voropeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Pāṇe vematiko jīvitā voropeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Pāṇe appāṇasaññī jīvitā voropeti, anāpatti. Appāṇe pāṇasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Appāṇe vemitako, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Appāṇe appāṇasaññī, anāpatti.
386 无犯的情况:不是故意的、失去正念时、不知道的情况下、不以杀死为目的、精神失常者、最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti asañcicca, assatiyā, ajānantassa, namaraṇādhippāyassa, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
2. 萨巴那咖学处显示巴利原文
2. Sappāṇakasikkhāpadaṃ
387 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,六群比丘明知水中有虫还使用。那些少欲的诸比丘……谴责、批评、指责说:“六群比丘怎么能明知水中有虫还使用呢?”……“诸比丘,据说你们真的明知水中有虫还使用水吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责……“你们这些愚蠢的人,怎么能明知水中有虫还使用呢!愚蠢的人,这不能让没信心的人生起信心……诸比丘,应当这样诵这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṃ sappāṇakaṃ udakaṃ paribhuñjanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṃ sappāṇakaṃ udakaṃ paribhuñjissantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, jānaṃ sappāṇakaṃ udakaṃ paribhuñjathāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, jānaṃ sappāṇakaṃ udakaṃ paribhuñjissatha! Netaṃ , moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
388 若比丘明知水中有虫仍取用,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṃ sappāṇakaṃ udakaṃ paribhuñjeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
389 “比丘”的意思……在此处,这就是所指的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
自己知道,或者别人告诉他。知道是“有虫的水”,也知道“使用会导致虫子死亡”而加以使用,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nāma sāmaṃ vā jānāti, aññe vā tassa ārocenti. ‘‘Sappāṇaka’’nti jānanto, ‘‘paribhogena marissantī’’ti jānanto paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
390 有虫的水,认为是有虫的水而使用,犯波逸提。有虫的水,有疑而使用,犯恶作。有虫的水,认为是无虫的水而使用,不犯。无虫的水,认为是有虫的水,犯恶作。无虫的水,有疑,犯恶作。无虫的水,认为是无虫的水,不犯。显示巴利原文
Sappāṇake sappāṇakasaññī paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Sappāṇake vematiko paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa . Sappāṇake appāṇakasaññī paribhuñjati, anāpatti. Appāṇake sappāṇakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Appāṇake vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Appāṇake appāṇakasaññī, anāpatti.
391 不犯的情况:不知道是“有虫的水”,知道是“无虫的水”,知道“使用不会导致虫子死亡”而使用,发疯者,最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ‘‘sappāṇaka’’nti ajānanto, ‘‘appāṇaka’’nti jānanto, ‘‘paribhogena na marissantī’’ti jānanto paribhuñjati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
3. 伍果达那学处显示巴利原文
3. Ukkoṭanasikkhāpadaṃ
392 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,六群比丘明知一个依律、如法平息了的诤事,却又为了重新处理而挑起来,说:“这事的处理没完成,做得不好,应该重新处理,原本就没平息好,是处理得不好,应该重新来平息。”那些少欲的诸比丘……谴责、批评、指责说:“六群比丘怎么能明知一个依律、如法平息了的诤事,却又为了重新处理而挑起来呢?”……“诸比丘,据说你们真的明知一个依律、如法平息了的诤事,却又为了重新处理而挑起来吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责……“你们这些愚蠢的人,怎么能明知一个依律、如法平息了的诤事,却又为了重新处理而挑起来呢!愚蠢的人,这不能让没信心的人生起信心……诸比丘,应当这样诵这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṃ yathādhammaṃ nihatādhikaraṇaṃ punakammāya ukkoṭenti – ‘‘akataṃ kammaṃ dukkaṭaṃ kammaṃ puna kātabbaṃ kammaṃ anihataṃ dunnihataṃ puna nihanitabba’’nti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṃ yathādhammaṃ nihatādhikaraṇaṃ punakammāya ukkoṭessantī’’ti …pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, jānaṃ yathādhammaṃ nihatādhikaraṇaṃ punakammāya ukkoṭethā’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, jānaṃ yathādhammaṃ nihatādhikaraṇaṃ punakammāya ukkoṭessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
393 若比丘明知是依法判定、已平息的诤事,仍翻案要求重作羯磨,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṃ yathādhammaṃ nihatādhikaraṇaṃ punakammāya ukkoṭeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
394 那个……像这样的……这在此义理中被意许为比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓:或是自己知道,或是别人告诉他,或是他自己说出来。显示巴利原文
nāma sāmaṃ vā jānāti, aññe vā tassa ārocenti, so vā āroceti.
依据法、依据律、依据导师的教法而作的,这就叫作如法。显示巴利原文
nāma dhammena vinayena satthusāsanena kataṃ, etaṃ yathādhammaṃ nāma.
所谓“诤事”有四种:争论的诤事、指责的诤事、罪的诤事、应办之事的诤事。显示巴利原文
nāma cattāri adhikaraṇāni – vivādādhikaraṇaṃ, anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ, āpattādhikaraṇaṃ, kiccādhikaraṇaṃ.
他这样翻弄羯磨,说:“这事儿做得不对,是坏事,应该重做,这事儿没被消除,消除得不好,应该重新消除”——犯波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
ti ‘‘akataṃ kammaṃ dukkaṭaṃ kammaṃ punakātabbaṃ kammaṃ anihataṃ dunnihataṃ puna nihanitabbaṃ’’ti ukkoṭeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
395 对如法羯磨,当他觉知是如法羯磨时,却去翻弄,犯波逸提罪。对如法羯磨,当他心生疑虑时,却去翻弄,犯恶作罪。对如法羯磨,当他觉知是不如法羯磨时,却去翻弄,无罪。对不如法羯磨,当他觉知是如法羯磨时,犯恶作罪。对不如法羯磨,当他心生疑虑时,犯恶作罪。对不如法羯磨,当他觉知是不如法羯磨时,无罪。显示巴利原文
Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññī ukkoṭeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme vematiko ukkoṭeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dhammakamme adhammakammasaññī ukkoṭeti, anāpatti. Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññī, anāpatti.
396 若他知道‘这是以非法、或是别众、或是对不应受羯磨之人所作的羯磨’而去翻弄,无罪。对精神失常者,无罪。对最初犯者,无罪。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ‘‘adhammena vā vaggena vā na kammārahassa vā kammaṃ kata’’nti jānanto ukkoṭeti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
4. 杜土喇学处显示巴利原文
4. Duṭṭhullasikkhāpadaṃ
397 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,具寿释迦族优波难陀犯了故意出精的罪后,告诉了他兄弟的共住弟子比丘,说:“贤友,我犯了故意出精的罪。别告诉任何人。”那时,另外有一位比丘犯了故意出精的罪之后,向僧团请求为此罪给予别住。僧团给了他为此罪的别住。他正行别住时,见到那位比丘,于是这样说:“贤友,我犯了故意出精的罪之后,向僧团请求为此罪的别住,僧团给了我为此罪的别住,我正在行别住。贤友,我知道是怎么回事,请具寿也确认我‘知道是怎么回事’吧。”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvā bhātuno saddhivihārikassa bhikkhuno ārocesi – ‘‘ahaṃ, āvuso, sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ āpattiṃ āpanno. Mā kassaci ārocehī’’ti. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvā saṅghaṃ tassā āpattiyā parivāsaṃ yāci. Tassa saṅgho tassā āpattiyā parivāsaṃ adāsi. So parivasanto taṃ bhikkhuṃ passitvā etadavoca – ‘‘ahaṃ, āvuso, sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvā saṅghaṃ tassā āpattiyā parivāsaṃ yāciṃ, tassa me saṅgho tassā āpattiyā parivāsaṃ adāsi, sohaṃ parivasāmi, vediyāmahaṃ , āvuso, vediyatī’’ti maṃ āyasmā dhāretū’’ti.
“贤友,那难道其他犯这种罪的人也会这样做吗?”“是的,贤友。”“贤友,这位具寿优波难陀释迦子犯了故意出精的罪,他告诉我说:‘不要告诉任何人。’”“贤友,那你竟然帮他隐瞒了?”“是的,贤友。”于是那位比丘就把这件事告诉了其他比丘。那些少欲知足的诸比丘……都生气地讥嫌批评道:“一个比丘怎么能明知其他比丘犯重罪还故意替他隐瞒呢!”……“比丘,听说你明知其他比丘犯重罪还故意替他隐瞒,是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道:“愚人!你怎能明知其他比丘犯重罪还故意替他隐瞒呢!愚人,这既不能让没有信心的人生起信心……诸比丘,你们应该这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
‘‘Kiṃ nu kho, āvuso, yo aññopi imaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati sopi evaṃ karotī’’ti? ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti. ‘‘Ayaṃ, āvuso, āyasmā upanando sakyaputto sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ āpattiṃ āpajjitvā so me āroceti mā kassaci ārocehī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, āvuso, paṭicchādesī’’ti? ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti. Atha kho so bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhu bhikkhussa jānaṃ duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ paṭicchādessatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhikkhussa jānaṃ duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ paṭicchādesīti. ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, bhikkhussa jānaṃ duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ paṭicchādessasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
398 若比丘明知而覆藏(另一)比丘的粗恶罪,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yopana bhikkhu bhikkhussa jānaṃ duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ paṭicchādeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
399 其中,比丘是指:在这个意义上的那种……被认可的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
指其他比丘。显示巴利原文
ti aññassa bhikkhussa.
知道是指:自己知道,或别人告诉他,或那个犯戒者自己告诉他。显示巴利原文
nāma sāmaṃ vā jānāti aññe vā tassa ārocenti, so vā āroceti.
重罪是指:四波罗夷和十三僧残。显示巴利原文
nāma āpatti cattāri ca pārājikāni terasa ca saṅghādisesā.
隐瞒是指:他心想‘如果让他知道了,他们会检举我、提醒我、呵责我、羞辱我、让我难堪,我还是不要告诉他’,当他作出这个决定的那一刻,即犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti ‘‘imaṃ jānitvā codessanti, sāressanti khuṃsessanti, vambhessanti, maṅkuṃ karissanti nārocessāmī’’ti dhuraṃ nikkhittamatte, āpatti pācittiyassa.
400 对重罪有重罪想而加以隐瞒,犯波逸提。对重罪心存疑惑而加以隐瞒,犯恶作。对重罪作非重罪想而加以隐瞒,犯恶作。隐瞒非重罪,犯恶作。隐瞒未受具足戒者的重或轻的不当行为,犯恶作。对非重罪有重罪想,犯恶作。对非重罪心存疑惑,犯恶作。对非重罪作非重罪想,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Duṭṭhullāya āpattiyā duṭṭhullāpattisaññī paṭicchādeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Duṭṭhullāya āpattiyā vematiko paṭicchādeti , āpatti dukkaṭassa. Duṭṭhullāya āpattiyā aduṭṭhullāpattisaññī paṭicchādeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ paṭicchādeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampannassa duṭṭhullaṃ vā aduṭṭhullaṃ vā ajjhācāraṃ paṭicchādeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aduṭṭhullāya āpattiyā duṭṭhullāpattisaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aduṭṭhullāya āpattiyā vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aduṭṭhullāya āpattiyā aduṭṭhullāpattisaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
401 不犯:认为“僧团将会有争执、争吵、争论、冲突”而不报告;认为“将会发生僧团分裂或僧团裂痕”而不报告;认为“此人严厉粗暴,将会造成命难或梵行难”而不报告;见不到其他合适的比丘而不报告;没有要隐瞒的心而不报告;认为“他将因自己的行为而被大家知道”而不报告;精神失常者;最初犯行者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – ‘‘saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṃ vā kalaho vā viggaho vā vivādo vā bhavissatī’’ti nāroceti, ‘‘saṅghabhedo vā saṅgharāji vā bhavissatī’’ti nāroceti, ‘‘ayaṃ kakkhaḷo pharuso jīvitantarāyaṃ vā brahmacariyantarāyaṃ vā karissatī’’ti nāroceti, aññe patirūpe bhikkhū apassanto nāroceti, nachādetukāmo nāroceti, ‘‘paññāyissati sakena kammenā’’ti nāroceti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
5. 伍那维萨帝瓦萨学处显示巴利原文
5. Ūnavīsativassasikkhāpadaṃ
402 那时,佛陀、世尊住在王舍城竹林松鼠园。那时,王舍城有十七个少年是朋友,少年优波离是他们当中的领头人。那时,优波离的父母这样想:“用什么办法,能让优波离在我们过世后过得安稳、不受苦呢?”接着,优波离的父母这样想:“如果优波离学写字,这样在我们过世后他就能过得安稳、不受苦。”接着,优波离的父母这样想:“如果优波离学写字,手指会疼。如果优波离学算术,这样在我们过世后他就能过得安稳、不受苦。”接着,优波离的父母这样想:“如果优波离学算术,胸口会疼。如果优波离学相面,这样在我们过世后他就能过得安稳、不受苦。”接着,优波离的父母这样想:“如果优波离学相面,眼睛会疼。这些释迦子沙门,习性安乐,行持安乐,吃了好的食物,睡在不受风吹的床铺上。如果优波离在释迦子沙门中出家,这样在我们过世后他一定能过得安稳、不受苦。”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena rājagahe sattarasavaggiyā dārakā sahāyakā honti. Upālidārako tesaṃ pāmokkho hoti. Atha kho upālissa mātāpitūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kena nu kho upāyena upāli amhākaṃ accayena sukhañca jīveyya na ca kilameyyā’’ti? Atha kho upālissa mātāpitūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘sace kho upāli lekhaṃ sikkheyya, evaṃ kho upāli amhākaṃ accayena sukhañca jīveyya, na ca kilameyyā’’ti. Atha kho upālissa mātāpitūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘sace kho upāli lekhaṃ sikkhissati, aṅguliyo dukkhā bhavissanti. Sace kho upāli gaṇanaṃ sikkheyya, evaṃ kho upāli amhākaṃ accayena sukhañca jīveyya na ca kilameyyā’’ti. Atha kho upālissa mātāpitūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘sace kho upāli gaṇanaṃ sikkhissati, urassa dukkho bhavissati. Sace kho upāli rūpaṃ sikkheyya, evaṃ kho upāli amhākaṃ accayena sukhañca jīveyya na ca kilameyyā’’ti. Atha kho upālissa mātāpitūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘sace kho upāli rūpaṃ sikkhissati, akkhīni dukkhā bhavissanti. Ime kho samaṇā sakyaputtiyā sukhasīlā sukhasamācārā subhojanāni bhuñjitvā nivātesu sayanesu sayanti. Sace kho upāli samaṇesu sakyaputtiyesu pabbajeyya, evaṃ kho upāli amhākaṃ accayena sukhañca jīveyya, na ca kilameyyā’’ti.
少年优波离听到了父母的这番谈话。于是,少年优波离到那些少年那里去,到了之后,对那些少年这样说:“来吧,诸位,我们到释迦子沙门那里出家吧。”“贤友,如果你出家,那我们也会出家。”于是,那些少年一个一个地去到各自的父母那里,这样说:“请允许我从在家生活中离开,出家成为无家者吧。”那时,那些少年的父母心想:“所有这些少年意愿相同、志向良善。”便都允许了。他们到比丘那里请求出家。诸比丘便让他们出家,授与具足戒。他们在后夜时分起来后,哭着喊:“给粥!给饭!给嚼食!”诸比丘这样说:“贤友们,请等待,等天亮了。如果有粥,你们就喝;如果有饭,你们就吃;如果有嚼食,你们就嚼。如果没有粥、饭、嚼食,你们就去托钵乞食再吃。”即使被诸比丘这样说,他们还是哭着喊:“给粥!给饭!给嚼食!”他们还在卧坐处排便、排尿。显示巴利原文
Assosi kho upālidārako mātāpitūnaṃ imaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ. Atha kho upālidārako yena te dārakā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te dārake etadavoca – ‘‘etha mayaṃ, ayyā, samaṇesu sakyaputtiyesu pabbajissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Sace kho tvaṃ, ayya, pabbajissasi, evaṃ mayampi pabbajissāmā’’ti. Atha kho te dārakā ekamekassa mātāpitaro upasaṅkamitvā etadavocuṃ – ‘‘anujānātha maṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. Atha kho tesaṃ dārakānaṃ mātāpitaro – ‘‘sabbepime dārakā samānacchandā kalyāṇādhippāyā’’ti anujāniṃsu. Te bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā pabbajjaṃ yāciṃsu. Te bhikkhū pabbājesuṃ upasampādesuṃ. Te rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya rodanti – ‘‘yāguṃ detha , bhattaṃ detha, khādanīyaṃ dethā’’ti. Bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘āgametha, āvuso, yāva ratti vibhāyati. Sace yāgu bhavissati, pivissatha. Sace bhattaṃ bhavissati, bhuñjissatha. Sace khādanīyaṃ bhavissati, khādissatha. No ce bhavissati yāgu vā bhattaṃ vā khādanīyaṃ vā, piṇḍāya caritvā bhuñjissathā’’ti. Evampi kho te bhikkhū bhikkhūhi vuccamānā rodantiyeva – ‘‘yāguṃ detha, bhattaṃ detha, khādanīyaṃ dethā’’ti. Senāsanaṃ ūhadantipi ummihantipi.
那时,世尊在后夜时分起来后,听到了小孩的声音。听到之后,便叫具寿阿难,说:“阿难,这是什么小孩的声音?”于是,具寿阿难把这件事禀告了世尊。那时,世尊以此因缘、以此事件召集比丘僧团,问诸比丘:“诸比丘,据说诸比丘明知对方未满二十岁,却给与具足戒,这是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责说……“诸比丘,那些愚人怎么可以明知对方未满二十岁,却给与具足戒呢!诸比丘,未满二十岁的人,对冷、热、饥、渴、虻、蚊、风、烈日、爬虫的触受,对粗恶语、不善来语之类的言辞,对生起的身体上的感受——苦的、剧烈的、粗利的、锋利的、不可意的、不愉悦的、能夺命的,是生来没有忍耐力的。诸比丘,只有满了二十岁的人,对冷、热……乃至……能夺命的,才生来有忍耐力。诸比丘,这不会让未生信者生信……乃至……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵此学处——显示巴利原文
Assosi kho bhagavā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya dārakasaddaṃ. Sutvāna āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho so, ānanda, dārakasaddo’’ti? Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhū paṭipucchi – ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū jānaṃ ūnavīsativassaṃ puggalaṃ upasampādentī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā jānaṃ ūnavīsativassaṃ puggalaṃ upasampādessanti! Ūnakavīsativasso, bhikkhave, puggalo akkhamo hoti sītassa uṇhassa jighacchāya pipāsāya ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassānaṃ duruttānaṃ durāgatānaṃ vacanapathānaṃ uppannānaṃ sārīrikānaṃ vedanānaṃ dukkhānaṃ tibbānaṃ kharānaṃ kaṭukānaṃ asātānaṃ amanāpānaṃ pāṇaharānaṃ anadhivāsakajātiko hoti. Vīsativassova kho, bhikkhave, puggalo khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassa…pe… pāṇaharānaṃ adhivāsakajātiko hoti. Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
403 若比丘明知此人不满二十岁仍授其具足戒,该人不算具足戒足,诸(授戒)比丘应受呵责,此即彼之波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṃ ūnavīsativassaṃ puggalaṃ upasampādeyya, so ca puggalo anupasampanno, te ca bhikkhū gārayhā, idaṃ tasmiṃ pācittiya’’nti.
404 “比丘”的意思:是指如此这般……乃至……在此句义中被称作比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“知”是指:他自己知道,或别人告知他,或他自己告知。显示巴利原文
nāma sāmaṃ vā jānāti, aññe vā tassa ārocenti, so vā āroceti.
“未满二十岁”是指:未达到二十岁。显示巴利原文
nāma appattavīsativasso.
若为“我将为人受具足戒”而寻找僧团、老师、钵、衣,或划定界场,犯恶作。白文时犯恶作。二羯磨语时犯恶作。羯磨语结束时,亲教师犯波逸提,僧团和老师犯恶作。显示巴利原文
‘‘Upasampādessāmī’’ti gaṇaṃ vā ācariyaṃ vā pattaṃ vā cīvaraṃ vā pariyesati, sīmaṃ vā sammannati , āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñattiyā dukkaṭaṃ. Dvīhi kammavācāhi dukkaṭā. Kammavācāpariyosāne upajjhāyassa āpatti pācittiyassa. Gaṇassa ca ācariyassa ca āpatti dukkaṭassa.
405 对未满二十岁者有未满二十岁想而为其授具足戒,犯波逸提。对未满二十岁者有疑惑而为其授具足戒,犯恶作。对未满二十岁者有满二十岁想而为其授具足戒,无犯。对满二十岁者有未满二十岁想而为其授具足戒,犯恶作。对满二十岁者有疑惑而为其授具足戒,犯恶作。对满二十岁者有满二十岁想而为其授具足戒,无犯。显示巴利原文
Ūnavīsativasse ūnavīsativassasaññī upasampādeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ūnavīsativasse vematiko upasampādeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnavīsativasse paripuṇṇavīsativassasaññī upasampādeti, anāpatti. Paripuṇṇavīsativasse ūnavīsativassasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Paripuṇṇavīsativasse vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Paripuṇṇavīsativasse paripuṇṇavīsativassasaññī, anāpatti.
406 无犯的情况:把未满二十岁的当作满二十岁想而为人受具足戒,把满二十岁的当作满二十岁想而为人受具足戒,精神失常者,最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ūnavīsativassaṃ paripuṇṇavīsativassasaññī upasampādeti, paripuṇṇavīsativassaṃ paripuṇṇavīsativassasaññī upasampādeti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
6. 帖亚萨塔学处显示巴利原文
6. Theyyasatthasikkhāpadaṃ
407 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,有一支商队准备从王舍城前往帕提亚罗卡。某位比丘对那些人说:“我也要和尊者们一起去。”“尊者,我们会负责税费的。”“你们看着办吧,贤友们。”税吏们听说了——“据说那支商队会负责税费”,便在路上设伏拦截。接着,那些税吏抓住商队,洗劫之后,对比丘说:“尊者,你明知道是和盗贼商队同行,为什么还要一起走?”他们把他捆绑起来,随后又释放了。接着,那位比丘到了舍卫城,把这事情告诉了诸比丘。那些少欲知足的诸比丘……呵责、批评、指责道:“比丘怎么可以明知道是和盗贼商队勾结,还一起走同一段路呢?”……“比丘,听说你确实明知道是和盗贼商队勾结,还一起走同一段路,这是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道……“你这个愚人,怎么可以明知道是和盗贼商队勾结,还一起走同一段路呢!愚人,这既不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,应当这样诵出这条学处——”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro sattho rājagahā paṭiyālokaṃ gantukāmo hoti. Aññataro bhikkhu te manusse etadavoca – ‘‘ahampāyasmantehi saddhiṃ gamissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Mayaṃ kho, bhante, suṅkaṃ pariharissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Pajānāthāvuso’’ti. Assosuṃ kho kammiyā – ‘‘sattho kira suṅkaṃ pariharissatī’’ti. Te magge pariyuṭṭhiṃsu. Atha kho te kammikā taṃ satthaṃ gahetvā acchinditvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kissa tvaṃ, bhante, jānaṃ theyyasatthena saddhiṃ gacchasī’’ti? Palibundhetvā muñciṃsu. Atha kho so bhikkhu sāvatthiṃ gantvā bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhu jānaṃ theyyasatthena saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjissatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhikkhu, jānaṃ theyyasatthena saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjasīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, jānaṃ theyyasatthena saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjissasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
408 若比丘明知是贼商队仍与之相约同行一段路,即便只到下一村,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yopana bhikkhu jānaṃ theyyasatthenasaddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjeyya, antamaso gāmantarampi, pācittiya’’nti.
409 这里的“比丘”是指:像这样……乃至……在这个意义上被认可为比丘者。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
名字:自己知道,或者别人告诉他,再或者他告诉别人。显示巴利原文
nāma sāmaṃ vā jānāti, aññe vā tassa ārocenti, so vā āroceti.
所谓的贼是:作了案或没作案的;他们去到国王那里偷盗,或逃避关税。显示巴利原文
nāma corā katakammā vā honti akatakammā vā, rājānaṃ vā theyyaṃ gacchanti suṅkaṃ vā pariharanti.
所谓:“我们走吧,贤友;我们走吧,尊者;我们走吧,尊者;我们走吧,贤友,今天、明天或后天走”——这样约定,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
ti – ‘‘gacchāmāvuso, gacchāma bhante; gacchāma bhante, gacchāmāvuso, ajja vā hiyyo vā pare vā gacchāmā’’ti saṃvidahati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
在鸡飞得到范围的村庄,每过一个村界犯一次波逸提。在无村的旷野,每过半由旬犯一次波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti kukkuṭasampāte gāme gāmantare gāmantare āpatti pācittiyassa. Agāmake araññe addhayojane addhayojane āpatti pācittiyassa.
410 与盗贼商队同行:明知是盗贼商队却相约同行,踏上同一条路,哪怕只是过一个村界,犯波逸提。对是否是盗贼商队有疑惑,却相约同行,踏上同一条路,哪怕只是过一个村界,犯恶作。明知是盗贼商队,却误以为不是盗贼商队而相约同行,踏上同一条路,哪怕只是过一个村界,无犯。比丘作了约定,而其他人没有约定,犯恶作。对方不是盗贼商队,却误以为是盗贼商队,犯恶作。对方不是盗贼商队,对此有疑惑,犯恶作。对方不是盗贼商队,也知道不是盗贼商队,无犯。显示巴利原文
Theyyasatthe theyyasatthasaññī saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjati, antamaso gāmantarampi, āpatti pācittiyassa. Theyyasatthe vematiko saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjati, antamaso gāmantarampi, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Theyyasatthe atheyyasatthasaññī saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjati, antamaso gāmantarampi, anāpatti. Bhikkhu saṃvidahati, manussā na saṃvidahanti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Atheyyasatthe theyyasatthasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Atheyyasatthe vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Atheyyasatthe atheyyasatthasaññī anāpatti.
411 无犯的情况是:没有约定而同行;人们自行约定,比丘没有约定;非因约定而行;在危难时;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti asaṃvidahitvā gacchati, manussā saṃvidahanti bhikkhu na saṃvidahati, visaṅketena gacchati, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
7. 预约学处显示巴利原文
7. Saṃvidhānasikkhāpadaṃ
412 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。在那时,有位比丘在憍萨罗国境内行走,前往舍卫城时,路过某个村庄的门口。有位妇女与丈夫吵架后,从村里出来,看见那位比丘,便说:“尊者,圣尊要去哪里?”比丘说:“贤妹,我要去舍卫城。”妇女说:“我跟圣尊一起走。”比丘说:“你愿意来就来吧,贤妹。”后来,那位妇女的丈夫从村里出来,问众人:“诸位贤者,你们有没有看见这样一个女人?”众人回答:“贤者,她跟一个出家人在一道走。”于是那个男人追上去,抓住那位比丘,揍了一顿才放人。于是那位比丘坐到一棵树下,还在冒烟冒灰、缓着劲儿。那位妇女这时对那个男人说:“贤者,不是这位比丘勾引我,是我自己跟着他走的;这位比丘没做错什么。去,去向他道歉。”于是那个男人就向比丘道歉了。后来这位比丘到了舍卫城,把这件事告诉了诸比丘。那些少欲知足的比丘纷纷呵责、批评、指责道:“身为比丘,怎么能和女人约定同行、走上同一条路呢?”……“比丘,你真的是和女人约定同行、走上同一条路了吗?”比丘回答:“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责说:“愚人!你怎么能和女人约定同行、走上同一条路呢!愚人,这不能让未生信的人生信……诸比丘,应这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu kosalesu janapade sāvatthiṃ gacchanto aññatarena gāmadvārena atikkamati. Aññatarā itthī sāmikena saha bhaṇḍitvā gāmato nikkhamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ passitvā etadavoca – ‘‘kahaṃ, bhante, ayyo gamissatī’’ti? ‘‘Sāvatthiṃ kho ahaṃ, bhagini, gamissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Ahaṃ ayyena saddhiṃ gamissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Eyyāsi, bhaginī’’ti. Atha kho tassā itthiyā sāmiko gāmato nikkhamitvā manusse pucchi – ‘‘apāyyo evarūpiṃ itthiṃ passeyyāthā’’ti? ‘‘Esāyyo, pabbajitena saha gacchatī’’ti. Atha kho so puriso anubandhitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ gahetvā ākoṭetvā muñci. Atha kho so bhikkhu aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle padhūpento nisīdi. Atha kho sā itthī taṃ purisaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘nāyyo so bhikkhu maṃ nippātesi; apica, ahameva tena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ gacchāmi; akārako so bhikkhu; gaccha, naṃ khamāpehī’’ti. Atha kho so puriso taṃ bhikkhuṃ khamāpesi. Atha kho so bhikkhu sāvatthiṃ gantvā bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhu mātugāmena saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjissatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mātugāmena saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjasīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, mātugāmena saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjissasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ, uddiseyyātha –
413 若比丘与女人相约同行一段路,即便只到下一村,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu mātugāmena saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjeyya, antamaso gāmantarampi, pācittiya’’nti.
414 ‘凡是……的’:……‘比丘’:凡是这样的人……这里所说的比丘,指的就是这个意思。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓女人,是指人类女性,不是女夜叉、女饿鬼、不是雌性畜生,有辨识能力,能明白好话坏话、粗话和不粗的话。显示巴利原文
nāma manussitthī, na yakkhī na petī na tiracchānagatā viññū paṭibalā subhāsitadubbhāsitaṃ duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ ājānituṃ.
如果这样约定:“大姐,我们去。贤姊,我们去。贤姊,我们去。大姐,我们去。今天去,明天去,后天去。”——只要这样约定,就犯恶作。显示巴利原文
ti – ‘‘gacchāma bhagini, gacchāmāyya, gacchāmāyya, gacchāma bhagini, ajja vā hiyyo vā pare vā gacchāmā’’ti saṃvidahati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
在村庄里,只要公鸡能飞到的范围,每经过一个村与另一个村之间,就犯一个波逸提。在没有村庄的旷野中,每走半由旬,就犯一个波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti kukkuṭasampāte gāme gāmantare gāmantare āpatti pācittiyassa. Agāmake araññe addhayojane addhayojane āpatti pācittiyassa.
415 对象是女人,心里也想“这是女人”,彼此约定后一起走上同一条路,哪怕只是经过一个村与另一个村之间,也犯波逸提。对象是女人,但心里不确定是不是女人,彼此约定后一起走上同一条路,哪怕只是经过一个村与另一个村之间,也犯波逸提。对象是女人,心里却想“这不是女人”,彼此约定后一起走上同一条路,哪怕只是经过一个村与另一个村之间,也犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Mātugāme mātugāmasaññī saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjati, antamaso gāmantarampi, āpatti pācittiyassa. Mātugāme vematiko saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjati, antamaso gāmantarampi, āpatti pācittiyassa. Mātugāme amātugāmasaññī saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjati, antamaso gāmantarampi, āpatti pācittiyassa.
比丘约定,女人没有约定,犯恶作。与女夜叉、女饿鬼、般荼迦,或者雌性畜生变化成的女人身一起约定,并一同走上同一条路,哪怕只是经过一个村与另一个村之间,也犯恶作。对象不是女人,心里却想“这是女人”,犯恶作。对象不是女人,心里不确定是不是女人,犯恶作。对象不是女人,心里也想“这不是女人”,不犯。显示巴利原文
Bhikkhu saṃvidahati mātugāmo na saṃvidahati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Yakkhiyā vā petiyā paṇḍakena vā tiracchānagatamanussaviggahitthiyā vā saddhiṃ saṃvidhāya ekaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajjati, antamaso gāmantarampi, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Amātugāme mātugāmasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Amātugāme vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Amātugāme amātugāmasaññī, anāpatti.
416 不犯的情况是:没有约定而一起走;女人有约定而比丘没有约定;在没有约定的情况下走;在遇到灾难等不得已的情况下;精神失常者;最初的犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti asaṃvidahitvā gacchati, mātugāmo saṃvidahati bhikkhu na saṃvidahati, visaṅketena gacchati, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
8. 阿利德塔学处显示巴利原文
8. Ariṭṭhasikkhāpadaṃ
417 那时,佛陀世尊正住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。就在那时,有一位名叫阿利吒的比丘,原先是驯鹰者,他的心里生起了这样的邪见:“我这样理解世尊所说的法:那些被世尊称为‘障碍法’的事情,去受用它,其实并不足以构成障碍。”有众多比丘听到了这件事:“听说那位原先是驯鹰者的阿利吒比丘,心里生起了这样的邪见:‘我这样理解世尊所说的法:那些被世尊称为障碍法的事情,去受用它,其实并不足以构成障碍。’”于是,那些比丘就去到原先是驯鹰者的阿利吒比丘那里。到了之后,他们对原先是驯鹰者的阿利吒比丘这样说:“贤友阿利吒,听说你心里生起了这样的邪见:‘我这样理解世尊所说的法:那些被世尊称为障碍法的事情,去受用它,其实并不足以构成障碍。’这是真的吗?”“是的,贤友们,我就是这样理解世尊所说的法:‘那些被世尊称为障碍法的事情,去受用它,其实并不足以构成障碍。’”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena ariṭṭhassa nāma bhikkhuno gaddhabādhipubbassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti – ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’ti. Assosuṃ kho sambahulā bhikkhū – ‘‘ariṭṭhassa kira nāma bhikkhuno gaddhabādhipubbassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ – ‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’’ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū yena ariṭṭho bhikkhu gaddhabādhipubbo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā ariṭṭhaṃ bhikkhuṃ gaddhabādhipubbaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘saccaṃ kira te, āvuso ariṭṭha, evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ – ‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃbyākho ahaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi – ‘yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’’ti.
“贤友阿利吒,不要这样说。不要诽谤世尊。诽谤世尊是不好的。世尊不会这样说。贤友阿利吒,世尊用各种方式说过,障碍法就是障碍,行这些法足以成为障碍。世尊说过,感官欲乐少乐、多苦、多恼,其中过患更多。世尊说过,感官欲乐如骨骸,多苦、多恼,其中过患更多。世尊说过,感官欲乐如肉块……如草炬……如火炭坑……如梦境……如借来之物……如树果……如刀砧……如枪矛……如蛇头,多苦、多恼,其中过患更多。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Mā, āvuso ariṭṭha, evaṃ avaca. Mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi. Na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ . Na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya . Anekapariyāyenāvuso ariṭṭha, antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā bhagavatā. Alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāya. Appassādā kāmā vuttā bhagavatā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo. Aṭṭhikaṅkalūpamā kāmā vuttā bhagavatā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo. Maṃsapesūpamā kāmā vuttā bhagavatā…pe… tiṇukkūpamā kāmā vuttā bhagavatā… aṅgārakāsūpamā kāmā vuttā bhagavatā… supinakūpamā kāmā vuttā bhagavatā… yācitakūpamā kāmā vuttā bhagavatā… rukkhaphalūpamā kāmā vuttā bhagavatā… asisūnūpamā kāmā vuttā bhagavatā… sattisūlūpamā kāmā vuttā bhagavatā… sappasirūpamā kāmā vuttā bhagavatā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo’’ti.
虽然那些比丘这样对阿利吒比丘——这位原先是驯鹰者的人——说,他仍然以顽固、执取、执著而坚持说:“贤友们,我确实这样理解世尊所说的法:世尊所说的那些障碍法,行这些法不足以成为障碍。”当那些比丘无法让阿利吒比丘——这位原先是驯鹰者的人——离开那邪恶的见解时,那些比丘便去世尊那里。到了之后,把这件事禀告了世尊。于是,世尊以这个因缘、这个事件,集合了比丘僧团,然后问阿利吒比丘——这位原先是驯鹰者的人:“阿利吒,据说你真的生起了这样邪恶的见解:‘我这样理解世尊所说的法:世尊所说的那些障碍法,行这些法不足以成为障碍’,这是真的吗?”“尊者,我确实这样理解世尊所说的法:世尊所说的那些障碍法,行这些法不足以成为障碍。”显示巴利原文
Evampi kho ariṭṭho bhikkhu gaddhabādhipubbo tehi bhikkhūhi vuccamāno tatheva taṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharati – ‘‘evaṃbyākho ahaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, – ‘yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’’ti. Yato ca kho te bhikkhū nāsakkhiṃsu ariṭṭhaṃ bhikkhuṃ gaddhabādhipubbaṃ etasmā pāpakā diṭṭhigatā vivecetuṃ, atha kho te bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā ariṭṭhaṃ bhikkhuṃ gaddhabādhipubbaṃ paṭipucchi – ‘‘saccaṃ kira te, ariṭṭha, evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ – ‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’’ti ? ‘‘Evaṃbyākho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi – ‘yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’’ti.
“愚蠢的人,你究竟从谁那里这样理解我说的法?愚蠢的人,我难道不是用各种方式说过障碍法就是障碍,行这些法足以成为障碍吗?我说过感官欲乐少乐、多苦、多恼,其中过患更多。我说过感官欲乐如骨骸……我说过感官欲乐如肉块……我说过感官欲乐如草炬……我说过感官欲乐如火炭坑……我说过感官欲乐如梦境……我说过感官欲乐如借来之物……我说过感官欲乐如树果……我说过感官欲乐如刀砧……我说过感官欲乐如枪矛……我说过感官欲乐如蛇头,多苦、多恼,其中过患更多。而你,愚蠢的人,以你自己的错误理解,既诽谤了我们,又伤害了你自己,还积累了大量非福。愚蠢的人,这将会给你带来长夜的不利和痛苦。愚蠢的人,这不能让未生信心者生起信心……那么,诸比丘,你们应该这样诵这个学处——显示巴利原文
Kassa nu kho nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, mayā evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāsi? Nanu mayā, moghapurisa, anekapariyāyena antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā. Alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāya. Appassādā kāmā vuttā mayā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo. Aṭṭhikaṅkalūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā…pe… maṃsapesūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā… tiṇukkūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā… aṅgārakāsūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā… supinakūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā… yācitakūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā… rukkhaphalūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā… asisūnūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā… sattisūlūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā… sappasirūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo. Atha ca pana tvaṃ, moghapurisa, attanā duggahitena amhe ceva abbhācikkhasi, attānañca khaṇasi, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavasi. Tañhi te, moghapurisa, bhavissati dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya. Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe…. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
418 若比丘这样说「我了解世尊所说之法,(认为)世尊所说的障道法,实行起来不足以构成障碍」;诸比丘应劝谏他「长老莫这样说,莫毁谤世尊,毁谤世尊不好,世尊不会这样说;贤友,世尊以种种方便说障道法即是障道,实行起来确足以构成障碍」。如此再三劝谏而仍坚持不舍,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu evaṃ vadeyya – ‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’ti so bhikkhu bhikkhūhi evamassa vacanīyo – ‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya, anekapariyāyenāvuso, antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā bhagavatā, alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāyā’ti. Evañca evañca pana (ka.) so bhikkhu bhikkhūhi vuccamāno tatheva paggaṇheyya, so bhikkhu bhikkhūhi yāvatatiyaṃ samanubhāsitabbo tassa paṭinissaggāya. Yāvatatiyañce samanubhāsiyamāno taṃ paṭinissajjeyya, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ, no ce paṭinissajjeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
419 ……这样的……比丘,在这个意义上称为比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
就是:“我这样理解世尊所说的法:世尊所说的那些障碍法,行这些法不足以成为障碍。”显示巴利原文
ti – ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’ti.
说这样话的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo so evaṃvādī bhikkhu.
由其他比丘。那些看见的、听到的比丘应该这样对他说:“尊者不要这样说,不要诽谤世尊,诽谤世尊是不好的,世尊不会这样说。贤友,世尊用各种方式说过,障碍法就是障碍,行这些法足以成为障碍。”应该说第二次。应该说第三次。如果他放弃了,这样很好;如果他不放弃,犯恶作。听了之后不说,犯恶作。应该把那位比丘拉到一边,对他说:“尊者不要这样说,不要诽谤世尊,诽谤世尊是不好的,世尊不会这样说。贤友,世尊用各种方式说过,障碍法就是障碍,行这些法足以成为障碍。”应该说第二次。应该说第三次。如果他放弃了,这样很好。如果他不放弃,犯恶作。应该对那位比丘进行僧团羯磨劝告。诸比丘,应该这样进行僧团羯磨劝告。由一位能干、有能力的比丘向僧团宣告:显示巴利原文
ti aññehi bhikkhūhi. Ye passanti ye suṇanti tehi vattabbo – ‘‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya, anekapariyāyenāvuso antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā bhagavatā. Alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāyā’’ti. Dutiyampi vattabbo. Tatiyampi vattabbo. Sace paṭinissajjati , iccetaṃ kusalaṃ; no ce paṭinissajjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Sutvā na vadanti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. So bhikkhu ākaḍḍhitvā vattabbo – ‘‘māyasmā evaṃ avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya, anekapariyāyenāvuso antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā bhagavatā. Alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāyā’’ti. Dutiyampi vattabbo. Tatiyampi vattabbo. Sace paṭinissajjati, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce paṭinissajjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. So bhikkhu samanubhāsitabbo. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, samanubhāsitabbo. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
420 “尊者僧团,请听我白。有位叫某某的比丘,生起了这样的恶见:‘我这样理解世尊所说的法:那些世尊所说的障碍法,去受用它,并不足以构成障碍。’他不肯舍弃那恶见。如果僧团认为时机适当,僧团应当劝告某某比丘,让他舍弃那恶见。这是动议。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmassa bhikkhuno evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ – ‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’ti. So taṃ diṭṭhiṃ na paṭinissajjati. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ samanubhāseyya – tassā diṭṭhiyā paṭinissaggāya. Esā ñatti.
“尊者僧团,请听我白。有位叫某某的比丘,生起了这样的恶见:‘我这样理解世尊所说的法:那些世尊所说的障碍法,去受用它,并不足以构成障碍。’他不肯舍弃那恶见。僧团现在劝告某某比丘,让他舍弃那恶见。哪位尊者同意劝告某某比丘让他舍弃那恶见,请保持沉默;哪位不同意,请开口说。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmassa bhikkhuno evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ – ‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’ti. So taṃ diṭṭhiṃ na paṭinissajjati. Saṅgho itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ samanubhāsati tassā diṭṭhiyā paṭinissaggāya. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno samanubhāsanā, tassā diṭṭhiyā paṭinissaggāya, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“我第二次说明此事……(省略重复)我第三次说明此事——尊者僧团,请听我白。有位叫某某的比丘,生起了这样的恶见:‘我这样理解世尊所说的法:那些世尊所说的障碍法,去受用它,并不足以构成障碍。’他不肯舍弃那恶见。僧团现在劝告某某比丘,让他舍弃那恶见。哪位尊者同意劝告某某比丘让他舍弃那恶见,请保持沉默;哪位不同意,请开口说。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Dutiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi…pe… tatiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi – ‘‘suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmassa bhikkhuno evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ – ‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’ti . So taṃ diṭṭhiṃ na paṭinissajjati. Saṅgho itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ samanubhāsati tassā diṭṭhiyā paṭinissaggāya. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno samanubhāsanā, tassā diṭṭhiyā paṭinissaggāya, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“僧团已经劝告了某某比丘,让他舍弃那恶见。僧团同意了,所以保持沉默。我这样持守这件事。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Samanubhaṭṭho saṅghena itthannāmo bhikkhu, tassā diṭṭhiyā paṭinissaggāya. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
在动议阶段,犯恶作;在两次羯磨语阶段,犯恶作;羯磨语结束时,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Ñattiyā dukkaṭaṃ. Dvīhi kammavācāhi dukkaṭā. Kammavācāpariyosāne āpatti pācittiyassa.
421 如法羯磨中,以为是如法羯磨而不肯舍弃,犯波逸提。如法羯磨中,有疑惑而不肯舍弃,犯波逸提。如法羯磨中,以为是非法羯磨而不肯舍弃,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññī na paṭinissajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme vematiko na paṭinissajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa dhammakamme adhammakammasaññī na paṭinissajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
非法羯磨中,以为是如法羯磨,犯恶作。非法羯磨中,有疑惑,犯恶作。非法羯磨中,以为是非法羯磨,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
422 无罪的情况:未被劝告的人、已经肯舍弃见的人、精神失常的人。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti asamanubhāsantassa, paṭinissajjantassa, ummattakassāti.
9. 伍奇德萨桑波嘎学处显示巴利原文
9. Ukkhittasambhogasikkhāpadaṃ
423 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。而就在那时,六群比丘明知故犯,与那个说如是语、持邪恶法的阿利吒比丘——他尚未舍弃那种邪见——一起受用、一起居住,甚至共同铺卧处睡觉。那些少欲的诸比丘……(中略)……指责、批评、呵斥道:“六群比丘怎么可以明知故犯,和那个说如是语、持邪恶法的阿利吒比丘——他尚未舍弃那种邪见——一起受用、一起居住,还共同铺卧处睡觉呢?”……(中略)……“诸比丘,你们真的明知故犯,和那个说如是语、持邪恶法的阿利吒比丘——他尚未舍弃那种邪见——一起受用、一起居住,还共同铺卧处睡觉吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道……(中略)……“你们这些愚痴的人,怎么可以明知故犯,和那个说如是语、持邪恶法的阿利吒比丘——他尚未舍弃那种邪见——一起受用、一起居住,还共同铺卧处睡觉呢!愚痴的人,这不能令未生信者生信……(中略)……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵此学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṃ tathāvādinā ariṭṭhena bhikkhunā akaṭānudhammena taṃ diṭṭhiṃ appaṭinissaṭṭhena saddhiṃ sambhuñjantipi saṃvasantipi sahāpi seyyaṃ kappenti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṃ tathāvādinā ariṭṭhena bhikkhunā akaṭānudhammena taṃ diṭṭhiṃ appaṭinissaṭṭhena saddhiṃ sambhuñjissantipi saṃvasissantipi sahāpi seyyaṃ kappessantīti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, jānaṃ tathāvādinā ariṭṭhena bhikkhunā akaṭānudhammena taṃ diṭṭhiṃ appaṭinissaṭṭhena saddhiṃ sambhuñjathāpi saṃvasathāpi sahāpi seyyaṃ kappethāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, jānaṃ tathāvādinā ariṭṭhena bhikkhunā akaṭānudhammena taṃ diṭṭhiṃ appaṭinissaṭṭhena saddhiṃ sambhuñjissathāpi saṃvasissathāpi sahāpi seyyaṃ kappessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
424 若比丘明知(某比丘)持如是恶见、未如法忏悔、未舍其见,仍与他共食、共住或同宿,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yopana bhikkhu jānaṃ tathāvādinā bhikkhunā akaṭānudhammena taṃ diṭṭhiṃ appaṭinissaṭṭhena saddhiṃ sambhuñjeyya vā saṃvaseyya vā saha vā seyyaṃkappeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
425 “知”是指:他自己知道,或别人告诉他,或他自己说。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“知”是指:他自己知道,或别人告诉他,或他自己说。显示巴利原文
nāma sāmaṃ vā jānāti, aññe vā tassa ārocenti, so vā āroceti.
是指这样说者:“我这样理解世尊所说的法:那些被世尊称为障碍法的事情,去受用它,其实并不足以构成障碍。”显示巴利原文
ti – ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’ti evaṃ vādinā.
“未被解罪者”是指:已被举罪而尚未恢复者。显示巴利原文
nāma ukkhitto anosārito.
“与……他尚未舍弃那种邪见者”是指:与尚未舍弃此见的人一起。显示巴利原文
nti etaṃ diṭṭhiṃ appaṭinissaṭṭhena saddhiṃ.
所谓的“受用”有两种受用——物资受用和法受用。所谓物资受用,是指他给予或接受物资,犯波逸提。所谓法受用,是指他教说或令人教说(法义);以句子来教说或令人教说,每一句都犯波逸提。以字来教说或令人教说,每个字都犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti sambhogo nāma dve sambhogā – āmisasambhogo ca dhammasambhogo ca. nāma āmisaṃ deti vā paṭiggaṇhāti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. nāma uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, padena uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, pade pade āpatti pācittiyassa. Akkharāya uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, akkharakkharāya āpatti pācittiyassa.
与被举罪者一起作布萨、自恣,或作僧团羯磨,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti ukkhittakena saddhiṃ uposathaṃ vā pavāraṇaṃ vā saṅghakammaṃ vā karoti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
在同一个屋檐下,被举罪者躺着时,有比丘躺下,犯波逸提。比丘躺着时,被举罪者躺下,犯波逸提。或者两人都躺下,犯波逸提。起来后,一次次又躺下,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti ekacchanne ukkhittake nipanne bhikkhu nipajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Bhikkhu nipanne ukkhittako nipajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ubho vā nipajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Uṭṭhahitvā punappunaṃ nipajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
426 对被举罪者而有被举罪者想,与他共同受用、共同居住,或共宿一处,犯波逸提。对被举罪者而有疑惑,与他共同受用、共同居住,或共宿一处,犯恶作。对被举罪者而有未被举罪者想,与他共同受用、共同居住,或共宿一处,不犯。对未被举罪者而有被举罪者想,犯恶作。对未被举罪者而有疑惑,犯恶作。对未被举罪者而有未被举罪者想,不犯。显示巴利原文
Ukkhittake ukkhittakasaññī sambhuñjati vā saṃvasati vā saha vā seyyaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ukkhittake vematiko sambhuñjati vā saṃvasati vā saha vā seyyaṃ kappeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ukkhittake anukkhittakasaññī sambhuñjati vā saṃvasati vā saha vā seyyaṃ kappeti, anāpatti . Anukkhittake ukkhittakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anukkhittake vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anukkhittake anukkhittakasaññī, anāpatti.
427 不犯:知道‘此人未被举罪’;知道‘被举罪者已被解罪’;知道‘被举罪者已舍弃那种见解’;是精神失常者;是最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti anukkhittoti jānāti, ukkhitto osāritoti jānāti, ukkhitto taṃ diṭṭhiṃ paṭinissaṭṭhoti jānāti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
10. 甘德咖学处显示巴利原文
10. Kaṇṭakasikkhāpadaṃ
428 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,有个叫甘塔咖的沙马内拉,生起了这样的恶邪见:‘我这样理解世尊所说的法——世尊所说的那些障碍法,即使做了,也不足以构成障碍。’众多比丘听说了:‘听说有个叫甘塔咖的沙马内拉,生起了这样的恶邪见——我这样理解世尊所说的法,世尊所说的那些障碍法,即使做了,也不足以构成障碍。’于是,那些比丘就到甘塔咖沙马内拉那里去。到了之后,对甘塔咖沙马内拉这样说:‘贤友甘塔咖,听说你真的生起了这样的恶邪见——我这样理解世尊所说的法,世尊所说的那些障碍法,即使做了,也不足以构成障碍,是吗?’‘是的,尊者们!我这样理解世尊所说的法——世尊所说的那些障碍法,即使做了,也不足以构成障碍。’显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena kaṇṭakassa nāma samaṇuddesassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti – ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’ti. Assosuṃ kho sambahulā bhikkhū kaṇṭakassa nāma kira samaṇuddesassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ – ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū yena kaṇṭako samaṇuddeso tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā kaṇṭakaṃ samaṇuddesaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘saccaṃ kira te, āvuso kaṇṭaka, evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ – ‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā ye’me antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃbyākho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi – ‘yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’’ti.
‘贤友甘塔咖,不要这样说。不要诽谤世尊。诽谤世尊实在不好。世尊绝不会那样说。贤友甘塔咖,世尊以种种方式说障碍法确实是障碍,而且做了它们,足以构成障碍。世尊说欲乐是少乐、多苦、多恼的,其中有更多的过患。’……即使那些比丘这样劝告,甘塔咖沙马内拉还是顽固地执取、坚持、宣扬那种恶邪见,说:‘尊者们,我正是这样理解世尊所说的法——世尊所说的那些障碍法,即使做了,也不足以构成障碍。’显示巴利原文
Mā , āvuso kaṇṭaka, evaṃ avaca. Mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi. Na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ. Na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Anekapariyāyena, āvuso kaṇṭaka, antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā bhagavatā. Alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāya. Appassādā kāmā vuttā bhagavatā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo…pe… evampi kho kaṇṭako samaṇuddeso tehi bhikkhūhi vuccamāno tatheva taṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharati – ‘‘evaṃbyākho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi – ‘yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’’ti.
当那些比丘无法使甘塔咖沙马内拉远离那种恶邪见时,那些比丘就到世尊那里去了。到了之后,把这件事禀告世尊。于是,世尊以这个因缘、这件事,集合比丘僧团,审问甘塔咖沙马内拉:‘甘塔咖,听说你真的生起了这样的恶邪见——我这样理解世尊所说的法,世尊所说的那些障碍法,即使做了,也不足以构成障碍,是吗?’‘是的,尊者!我这样理解世尊所说的法——世尊所说的那些障碍法,即使做了,也不足以构成障碍。’显示巴利原文
Yato ca kho te bhikkhū nāsakkhiṃsu kaṇṭakaṃ samaṇuddesaṃ etasmā pāpakā diṭṭhigatā vivecetuṃ, atha kho te bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā kaṇṭakaṃ samaṇuddesaṃ paṭipucchi – ‘‘saccaṃ kira te, kaṇṭaka, evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ – ‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃbyākho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi – ‘yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’’ti.
‘你这愚人!你是从谁那里理解我这样说的法?你这愚人!我难道不是以种种方式说障碍法确实是障碍,而且做了它们,足以构成障碍吗?我说欲乐是少乐、多苦、多恼的,其中有更多的过患。我说欲乐像骨骸……我说欲乐像蛇头那样,是多苦、多恼的,其中有更多的过患。然而,你这愚人,由于自己理解错误,既诽谤了我们,又伤害了自己,还积累了大量非福。你这愚人!这必将为你带来长久的损害和痛苦。你这愚人!这既不能让未生信者生起信心……也不能让已生信者中某些人的信心更加增长。’世尊呵责之后……说了法义开示,然后告诉诸比丘:‘诸比丘,既然如此,僧团就把甘塔咖沙马内拉驱摈掉。诸比丘,应当这样驱摈他——贤友甘塔咖,从今天起,你既不能再声称那位世尊是你的导师,而其他沙马内拉能得到的、与诸比丘同宿两夜或三夜的资格,你也没有了。走吧,你已破灭。’于是,僧团就把甘塔咖沙马内拉驱摈了。显示巴利原文
‘‘Kassa nu kho nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, mayā evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāsi? Nanu mayā, moghapurisa, anekapariyāyena antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā, alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāya? Appassādā kāmā vuttā mayā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo. Aṭṭhikaṅkalūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā…pe… sappasirūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo. Atha ca pana tvaṃ, moghapurisa, attanā duggahitena amhe ceva abbhācikkhasi attānañca khaṇasi bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavasi. Tañhi te, moghapurisa, bhavissati dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya. Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… pasannānañca ekaccānaṃ aññathattāyā’’ti. Vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho kaṇṭakaṃ samaṇuddesaṃ nāsetu. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nāsetabbo – ajjatagge te, āvuso kaṇṭaka, na ceva so bhagavā satthā apadisitabbo. Yampi caññe samaṇuddesā labhanti bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ dirattatirattaṃ sahaseyyaṃ sāpi te natthi. Cara pire vinassā’’ti. Atha kho saṅgho kaṇṭakaṃ samaṇuddesaṃ nāsesi.
就在那时,六群比丘明知那个被如法摈除的、名叫荆棘的沙马内拉,却还去诱导他、让他侍奉、与他一起受用物品,甚至还和他同宿。那些少欲的诸比丘……纷纷讥嫌、批评、指责道:‘六群比丘怎么可以明知那个被如法摈除的、名叫荆棘的沙马内拉,却还去诱导他、让他侍奉、与他一起受用物品,甚至还和他同宿呢!’……‘诸比丘,你们真的明知那个被如法摈除的、名叫荆棘的沙马内拉,却还去诱导他、让他侍奉、与他一起受用物品,甚至还和他同宿吗?’‘是真的,世尊。’佛陀世尊呵责说:‘你们这些愚痴人!怎么可以明知那个被如法摈除的、名叫荆棘的沙马内拉,却还去诱导他、让他侍奉、与他一起受用物品,甚至还和他同宿呢!愚痴人,这既不能让没有信心的人生起信心……乃至……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṃ tathānāsitaṃ kaṇṭakaṃ samaṇuddesaṃ upalāpentipi upaṭṭhāpentipi sambhuñjantipi sahāpi seyyaṃ kappenti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṃ tathānāsitaṃ kaṇṭakaṃ samaṇuddesaṃ upalāpessantipi upaṭṭhāpessantipi sambhuñjissantipi sahāpi seyyaṃ kappessantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, jānaṃ tathānāsitaṃ kaṇṭakaṃ samaṇuddesaṃ upalāpethāpi upaṭṭhāpethāpi sambhuñjathāpi sahāpi seyyaṃ kappethāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, jānaṃ tathānāsitaṃ kaṇṭakaṃ samaṇuddesaṃ upalāpessathāpi upaṭṭhāpessathāpi sambhuñjissathāpi sahāpi seyyaṃ kappessatha ! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
429 (沙弥若持恶见、经再三劝谏仍不舍,应予摈灭。)若比丘明知是如此被摈灭的沙弥,仍诱劝他、令他侍奉、与他共食或同宿,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Samaṇuddesopi ce evaṃ vadeyya – ‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’ti, so samaṇuddeso bhikkhūhi evamassa vacanīyo … ‘ajjatagge te, āvuso samaṇuddesa, na ceva so bhagavā satthā apadisitabbo … cara pire vinassā’ti. Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṃ tathānāsitaṃ samaṇuddesaṃ upalāpeyya vā upaṭṭhāpeyya vā sambhuñjeyya vā saha vā seyyaṃ kappeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
430 这里说的沙马内拉,就是指沙马内拉。显示巴利原文
nāma sāmaṇero vuccati.
“我是这样理解世尊所教导的法:那些被世尊称作障碍法的,即使做了,也成不了障碍。”显示巴利原文
ti – ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathāyeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’ti.
那位说这样话的沙弥。显示巴利原文
ti yo so evaṃvādī samaṇuddeso.
其他诸比丘——那些见到、听到这件事的——应当这样对他说:“贤友沙弥,不要这样说。不要诽谤世尊。诽谤世尊实在不好。世尊不会这样说的。贤友沙弥,世尊用种种方式讲过,障碍法确实是障碍法,而且,对于从事它们的人来说,确实会构成障碍。”应当第二次、第三次这样对他说……如果他放弃,那便好;如果不放弃,那么这位沙弥应当被诸比丘这样说:“贤友沙弥,从今天起,你不得再宣称那位世尊是你的导师。而且其他沙弥能享有的与比丘同住两夜三夜的待遇,你也没有了。走吧,消失吧。”显示巴利原文
ti aññehi bhikkhūhi, ye passanti ye suṇanti tehi vattabbo – ‘‘mā, āvuso samaṇuddesa, evaṃ avaca. Mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi. Na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ. Na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Anekapariyāyenāvuso samaṇuddesa, antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā bhagavatā. Alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāyā’’ti. Dutiyampi vattabbo… tatiyampi vattabbo…pe… sace paṭinissajjati iccetaṃ kusalaṃ, no ce paṭinissajjati so samaṇuddeso bhikkhūhi evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘ajjatagge te, āvuso samaṇuddesa, na ceva so bhagavā satthā apadisitabbo. Yampi caññe samaṇuddesā labhanti bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ dirattatirattaṃ sahaseyyaṃ sāpi te natthi. Cara pire vinassā’’ti.
这里所说的比丘,是指……(此处省略)此处所指的比丘即为此义。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
知道,是指自己知道,或是他人告诉了他,或是由他告知他人。显示巴利原文
nāma sāmaṃ vā jānāti, aññe vā tassa ārocenti, so vā āroceti.
如此,即是灭摈。显示巴利原文
nti evaṃ nāsitaṃ.
所谓沙弥,即是指此。显示巴利原文
nāma sāmaṇero vuccati.
以‘我将给你钵,或给你衣,或给你授戒,或给你教导法义’这样的话来引诱,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti tassa pattaṃ vā cīvaraṃ vā uddesaṃ vā paripucchaṃ vā dassāmīti upalāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
接受他的粉、土、齿木或漱口水,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti tassa cuṇṇaṃ vā mattikaṃ vā dantakaṭṭhaṃ vā mukhodakaṃ vā sādiyati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
所谓“受用”有两种受用:物资受用和法受用。所谓物资受用,是指给予或接受物资,犯波逸提。所谓法受用,是指诵出或令诵出;逐句诵出或令逐句诵出,每一句犯波逸提。逐字诵出或令逐字诵出,每一字犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti sambhogo nāma dve sambhogā – āmisasambhogo ca dhammasambhogo ca. nāma āmisaṃ deti vā paṭiggaṇhāti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. nāma uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, padena uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, pade pade āpatti pācittiyassa. Akkharāya uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, akkharakkharāya āpatti pācittiyassa.
在同一屋檐下,被驱逐的沙弥躺着,比丘躺下,犯波逸提。比丘躺着,被驱逐的沙弥躺下,犯波逸提。或两者都躺下,犯波逸提。起身后再三躺下,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti ekacchanne nāsitake samaṇuddese nipanne bhikkhu nipajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Bhikkhu nipanne nāsitako samaṇuddeso nipajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ubho vā nipajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Uṭṭhahitvā punappunaṃ nipajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
431 对被驱逐者,有驱逐者的想,而令其侍奉、或令其服务、或共食、或同卧,犯波逸提。对被驱逐者,有疑,而令其侍奉等,犯恶作。对被驱逐者,有非驱逐者的想,而令其侍奉等,无犯。对非驱逐者,有驱逐者的想,犯恶作。对非驱逐者,有疑,犯恶作。对非驱逐者,有非驱逐者的想,无犯。显示巴利原文
Nāsitake nāsitakasaññī upalāpeti vā upaṭṭhāpeti vā sambhuñjati vā saha vā seyyaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Nāsitake vematiko upalāpeti vā upaṭṭhāpeti vā sambhuñjati vā saha vā seyyaṃ kappeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nāsitake anāsitakasaññī upalāpeti vā upaṭṭhāpeti vā sambhuñjati vā saha vā seyyaṃ kappeti, anāpatti. Anāsitake nāsitakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anāsitake vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anāsitake anāsitakasaññī, anāpatti.
432 无犯:知道他是非驱逐者;知道他已舍弃那种邪见;对精神失常者;对最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti anāsitakoti jānāti, taṃ diṭṭhiṃ paṭinissaṭṭhoti jānāti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
故意杀生、扰乱、覆藏粗重事、
未满二十、窃贼、共谋、阿利咤、
举罪与针,此等十学处。
显示巴利原文 Sañciccavadhasappāṇaṃ, ukkoṭaṃ duṭṭhullachādanaṃ; Ūnavīsati satthañca, saṃvidhānaṃ ariṭṭhakaṃ; Ukkhittaṃ kaṇṭakañceva, dasa sikkhāpadā imeti.
8. 同法品显示巴利原文
8. Sahadhammikavaggo
1. 萨哈达米咖学处显示巴利原文
1. Sahadhammikasikkhāpadaṃ
433 那时,佛陀世尊住在憍赏弥的瞿师罗园。当时具寿阐那屡行非法。诸比丘这样说:“贤友阐那,不要做这样的事。这是不许可的。”他却这样说:“贤友,在我就此学处向另一位精通律藏的聪慧比丘请教之前,我暂时不会就此学处学习。”那些少欲的诸比丘……嫌厌、非难、呵责:“具寿阐那怎么能被诸比丘如法劝说时,还这样说:‘贤友,在我就此学处向另一位精通律藏的聪慧比丘请教之前,我暂时不会就此学处学习’呢?”……“阐那,你真的在被诸比丘如法劝说时,这样说:‘贤友,在我就此学处向另一位精通律藏的聪慧比丘请教之前,我暂时不会就此学处学习’吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道:“愚人,你怎么能在被诸比丘如法劝说时,还说:‘贤友,在我就此学处向另一位精通律藏的聪慧比丘请教之前,我暂时不会就此学处学习’呢?愚人,这既不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā channo anācāraṃ ācarati. Bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘māvuso channa, evarūpaṃ akāsi. Netaṃ kappatī’’ti. So evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘na tāvāhaṃ, āvuso, etasmiṃ sikkhāpade sikkhissāmi yāva na aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ byattaṃ vinayadharaṃ paripucchāmī’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā channo bhikkhūhi sahadhammikaṃ vuccamāno evaṃ vakkhati – na tāvāhaṃ, āvuso, etasmiṃ sikkhāpade sikkhissāmi yāva na aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ byattaṃ vinayadharaṃ paripucchāmī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, channa, bhikkhūhi sahadhammikaṃ vuccamāno evaṃ vadesi – ‘‘na tāvāhaṃ, āvuso, etasmiṃ sikkhāpade sikkhissāmi yāva na aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ byattaṃ vinayadharaṃ paripucchāmī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, bhikkhūhi sahadhammikaṃ vuccamāno evaṃ vakkhasi – ‘‘na tāvāhaṃ, āvuso, etasmiṃ sikkhāpade sikkhissāmi yāva na aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ byattaṃ vinayadharaṃ paripucchāmī’’ti. Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
434 若比丘被诸比丘依法劝告时这样说「贤友,在我没有请教另一位明达持律的比丘之前,我不会学这条学处」,犯波逸提。诸比丘,正在学的比丘应当了知、请教、究问。这是此中的如法做法。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhūhi sahadhammikaṃ vuccamāno evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na tāvāhaṃ, āvuso, etasmiṃ sikkhāpade sikkhissāmi yāva na aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ byattaṃ vinayadharaṃ paripucchāmī’ti, pācittiyaṃ. Sikkhamānena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā aññātabbaṃ paripucchitabbaṃ paripañhitabbaṃ. Ayaṃ tattha sāmīcī’’ti.
435 者,凡是……者……此即此处所指的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
者,指其他诸比丘。显示巴利原文
ti aññehi bhikkhūhi.
所谓:由世尊制定的学处,这称为“同法”。当以此同法劝说时,他却这样说:'贤友,我还不学这学处,直到我去请教另一位精通律藏的比丘。'他声称要去请教一位智者、精练者、有慧者、多闻者、说法者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nāma yaṃ bhagavatā paññattaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ etaṃ sahadhammikaṃ nāma. Tena vuccamāno evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘na tāvāhaṃ, āvuso, etasmiṃ sikkhāpade sikkhissāmi yāva na aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ byattaṃ vinayadharaṃ paripucchāmī’’ti . Paṇḍitaṃ byattaṃ medhāviṃ bahussutaṃ dhammakathikaṃ paripucchāmīti bhaṇati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
436 对已受具足戒者,有已受具足戒的想,而这样说,犯波逸提。对已受具足戒者,有疑,而这样说,犯波逸提。对已受具足戒者,有未受具足戒的想,而这样说,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanne upasampannasaññī evaṃ vadeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne vematiko evaṃ vadeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne anupasampannasaññī evaṃ vadeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
当以未被制定的学处告诫时,他这样说:'这不导向减损、不导向头陀支、不导向令人净信、不导向破损、不导向精进努力。'他声称:'贤友,我还不学这学处,直到我去请教另一位精通律藏、有智慧、具慧、多闻、说法的比丘。'犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Apaññattena vuccamāno – ‘‘idaṃ na sallekhāya na dhutatthāya na pāsādikatāya na apacayāya na vīriyārambhāya saṃvattatī’’ti evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘na tāvāhaṃ, āvuso, etasmiṃ sikkhāpade sikkhissāmi yāva na aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ byattaṃ vinayadharaṃ paṇḍitaṃ medhāviṃ bahussutaṃ dhammakathikaṃ paripucchāmī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
被未受具足戒者以已制或未制的学处劝说:“这不导向减损,不导向头陀义,不导向威仪庄严,不导向舍离,不导向发勤精进。”他这样说:“贤友,在我未咨询另一位精通戒律、持律、聪慧、有智慧、多闻、善于说法的比丘之前,我不会在这条学处上学修。”如此则犯恶作。对未受具足戒者有已受具足戒想,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者心存疑虑,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者有未受具足戒想,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Anupasampannena paññattena vā apaññattena vā vuccamāno – ‘‘idaṃ na sallekhāya na dhutatthāya na pāsādikatāya na apacayāya na vīriyārambhāya saṃvattatī’’ti evaṃ vadeti, ‘‘na tāvāhaṃ, āvuso, etasmiṃ sikkhāpade sikkhissāmi yāva na aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ byattaṃ vinayadharaṃ paṇḍitaṃ medhāviṃ bahussutaṃ dhammakathikaṃ paripucchāmī’’ti bhaṇati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne upasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne anupasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
“想要学习者”是指:想要学习的人。显示巴利原文
ti sikkhitukāmena.
“应当了知”是指:应当知道。显示巴利原文
nti jānitabbaṃ.
“尊者,这是怎么回事?这句话的意义是什么?”显示巴利原文
nti ‘‘idaṃ, bhante, kathaṃ; imassa vā kvattho’’ti?
应当思考、应当思量。显示巴利原文
nti cintetabbaṃ tulayitabbaṃ.
这是在这情况下的随顺法。显示巴利原文
ti ayaṃ tattha anudhammatā.
437 无犯:说“我将了知,我将学习”者,精神失常者,最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ‘‘jānissāmi sikkhissāmī’’ti bhaṇati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
2. 维雷卡那学处显示巴利原文
2. Vilekhanasikkhāpadaṃ
438 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。就在那时,世尊以种种方式为诸比丘讲说律的论议,赞叹律,赞叹律的学习,一次又一次地、特别地赞叹具寿伍巴离。诸比丘心想:“世尊确实以种种方式讲说律的论议,赞叹律,赞叹律的学习,一次又一次地、特别地赞叹具寿伍巴离。来吧,贤友们,我们就到具寿伍巴离那里去学律吧。”于是,许多比丘,包括长老、新学和中等资历的,都到具寿伍巴离那里去学律。显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ anekapariyāyena vinayakathaṃ katheti, vinayassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, vinayapariyattiyā vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, ādissa ādissa āyasmato upālissa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavā kho anekapariyāyena vinayakathaṃ katheti, vinayassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, vinayapariyattiyā vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, ādissa ādissa āyasmato upālissa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Handa mayaṃ, āvuso, āyasmato upālissa santike vinayaṃ pariyāpuṇāmā’’ti, te ca bahū bhikkhū therā ca navā ca majjhimā ca āyasmato upālissa santike vinayaṃ pariyāpuṇanti.
那时,六群比丘心里这样想:“贤友们,现在许多比丘,包括长老、新学和中等资历的,都到具寿伍巴离那里去学律了。如果这些人精通了律藏,就会随心所欲、随意所欲、随多少所欲地处处牵引、拖拽我们。来吧,贤友们,我们诽谤律吧!” 于是,六群比丘就去亲近诸比丘,这样说:“诵这些又微又细的学处有什么用呢?只会导致追悔、困扰、烦乱罢了!”那些少欲的诸比丘……(中略)……指责、批评、非难道:“六群诸比丘怎么能诽谤律呢!”……(中略)……“诸比丘,听说你们确实在诽谤律,这是真的吗?”(他们回答:)“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道……(中略)……“你们这些愚人!怎么能诽谤律呢!愚人们,这不能令未生信者生信……(中略)……那么,诸比丘,应当这样诵此学处——显示巴利原文
Atha kho chabbaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘etarahi kho, āvuso, bahū bhikkhū therā ca navā ca majjhimā ca āyasmato upālissa santike vinayaṃ pariyāpuṇanti. Sace ime vinaye pakataññuno bhavissanti amhe yenicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ yāvadicchakaṃ ākaḍḍhissanti parikaḍḍhissanti. Handa mayaṃ, āvuso, vinayaṃ vivaṇṇemā’’ti. Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadanti – ‘‘kiṃ panimehi khuddānukhuddakehi sikkhāpadehi uddiṭṭhehi, yāvadeva kukkuccāya vihesāya vilekhāya saṃvattantī’’ti! Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū vinayaṃ vivaṇṇessantīti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, vinayaṃ vivaṇṇethāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, vinayaṃ vivaṇṇessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
439 若比丘在诵巴帝摩卡时这样说「诵这些微细小戒做什么?只会令人懊悔、苦恼、困惑罢了」,如此毁訾学处,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu pātimokkhe uddissamāne evaṃ vadeyya – ‘kiṃ panimehi khuddānukhuddakehi sikkhāpadehi uddiṭṭhehi, yāvadeva kukkuccāya vihesāya vilekhāya saṃvattantī’ti, sikkhāpadavivaṇṇake pācittiya’’nti.
440 ……‘他是什么样的,就……’者……‘比丘’在此处的意义是这样的。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
……在自己诵出时,或令人诵出时,或读诵时。显示巴利原文
ti uddisante vā uddisāpente vā sajjhāyaṃ vā karonte.
……“诵这些又微又细的学处有什么用呢?只会导致追悔、困扰、烦乱罢了!那些学习这些的人,会产生追悔、困扰、烦乱;那些不学习这些的人,就不会产生追悔、困扰、烦乱。不诵出为好,不受持为好,不学习为好,不忆持为好,要么让律消失,要么让这些比丘不通达律。”——若对已受具足戒者这样诽谤律,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti – ‘‘kiṃ panimehi khuddānukhuddakehi sikkhāpadehi uddiṭṭhehi, yāvadeva kukkuccāya vihesāya vilekhāya saṃvattantīti. ‘‘Ye imaṃ pariyāpuṇanti tesaṃ kukkuccaṃ hoti, vihesā hoti, vilekhā hoti, ye imaṃ na pariyāpuṇanti tesaṃ kukkuccaṃ na hoti vihesā na hoti vilekhā na hoti. Anuddiṭṭhaṃ idaṃ varaṃ, anuggahitaṃ idaṃ varaṃ, apariyāpuṭaṃ idaṃ varaṃ, adhāritaṃ idaṃ varaṃ, vinayo vā antaradhāyatu, ime vā bhikkhū apakataññuno hontū’’ti upasampannassa vinayaṃ vivaṇṇeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
441 对已受具足戒者有已受具足戒想,毁谤律藏,犯波逸提。对已受具足戒者心存疑虑,毁谤律藏,犯波逸提。对已受具足戒者有未受具足戒想,毁谤律藏,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanne upasampannasaññī vinayaṃ vivaṇṇeti, āpatti pācittiyassa . Upasampanne vematiko vinayaṃ vivaṇṇeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne anupasampannasaññī vinayaṃ vivaṇṇeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
毁谤其他法,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者毁谤律藏或其他法,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者有已受具足戒想,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者心存疑虑,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者有未受具足戒想,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Aññaṃ dhammaṃ vivaṇṇeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampannassa vinayaṃ vā aññaṃ vā dhammaṃ vivaṇṇeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne upasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne anupasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
442 无犯的情况是:并非想要毁谤,而是说:“听着,你先学修经、偈颂或阿毗达摩,之后再学修律藏”;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti na vivaṇṇetukāmo, ‘‘iṅgha tvaṃ suttante vā gāthāyo vā abhidhammaṃ vā pariyāpuṇassu, pacchā vinayaṃ pariyāpuṇissasī’’ti bhaṇati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
3. 痴恼学处显示巴利原文
3. Mohanasikkhāpadaṃ
443 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。就在那时,六群比丘做了不当的行为后,为了'让他们以为我们是因为无知才犯戒的',在诵巴帝摩卡的时候这样说:'我们这才知道啊,原来这条法也是收入经中、包含在经里的,每半个月就要诵一次。'那些少欲的诸比丘……就埋怨、批评、指责说:'六群比丘怎么能在诵巴帝摩卡的时候这样说呢——我们这才知道啊,原来这条法也是收入经中、包含在经里的,每半个月就要诵一次。'……'诸比丘,你们真的在诵巴帝摩卡的时候这样说吗——我们这才知道啊,原来这条法也是收入经中、包含在经里的,每半个月就要诵一次?''是真的,世尊。'佛陀世尊呵责……'你们这些愚人,怎么能在诵巴帝摩卡的时候这样说呢——我们这才知道啊,原来这条法也是收入经中、包含在经里的,每半个月就要诵一次!愚人们,这不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵这条学处——'显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū anācāraṃ ācaritvā ‘‘aññāṇakena āpannāti jānantū’’ti pātimokkhe uddissamāne evaṃ vadanti – ‘‘idāneva kho mayaṃ jānāma, ayampi kira dhammo suttāgato suttapariyāpanno anvaddhamāsaṃ uddesaṃ āgacchatī’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū pātimokkhe uddissamāne evaṃ vakkhanti – idāneva kho mayaṃ jānāma , ayampi kira dhammo suttāgato suttapariyāpanno anvaddhamāsaṃ uddesaṃ āgacchatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, pātimokkhe uddissamāne evaṃ vadetha – ‘‘idāneva kho mayaṃ jānāma, ayampi kira dhammo suttāgato suttapariyāpanno anvaddhamāsaṃ uddesaṃ āgacchatī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, pātimokkhe uddissamāne evaṃ vakkhatha – ‘‘idāneva kho mayaṃ jānāma, ayampi kira dhammo suttāgato suttapariyāpanno anvaddhamāsaṃ uddesaṃ āgacchatī’’ti! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
444 若比丘在每半月诵巴帝摩卡时(诈作不知地)说「我现在才知道,原来这法也编在经里、含在经中,每半月来诵」;若其他比丘知道他已不止两三次在诵戒时在座,他不能以「不知」而免;所犯之罪应如法处理,并应再加治其诈作无知之罪「贤友,你诵巴帝摩卡时不好好专注用心,这对你没有善利、得不善」,此即其诈作无知之波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu anvaddhamāsaṃpātimokkhe uddissamāne evaṃ vadeyya – ‘idāneva kho ahaṃ jānāmi, ayampi kira dhammo suttāgato suttapariyāpanno anvaddhamāsaṃ uddesaṃ āgacchatī’ti. Tañce bhikkhuṃ aññe bhikkhū jāneyyuṃ nisinnapubbaṃ iminā bhikkhunā dvattikkhattuṃ pātimokkhe uddissamāne, ko pana vādo bhiyyo bhiyyoti (syā.), na ca tassa bhikkhuno aññāṇakena mutti atthi, yañca tattha āpattiṃ āpanno tañca yathādhammo kāretabbo, uttari cassa moho āropetabbo – ‘tassa te, āvuso, alābhā, tassa te dulladdhaṃ, yaṃ tvaṃ pātimokkhe uddissamāne na sādhukaṃ aṭṭhiṃ katvā aṭṭhikatvā (syā. ka.) manasi karosī’ti. Idaṃ tasmiṃ mohanake pācittiya’’nti.
445 那个……像那样的……那个……此处所指的比丘就是这个意思。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
与布萨日相关的。显示巴利原文
nti anuposathikaṃ.
正在诵的时候。显示巴利原文
ti uddisante.
作了不如法行为后,想要让人知道他是因无知而犯的,便在诵巴帝摩卡时这样说:“我现在才知道,原来这法也载入经中、包含在经中,每半月诵出。”犯恶作。显示巴利原文
ti anācāraṃ ācaritvā – ‘‘aññāṇakena āpannoti jānantū’’ti pātimokkhe uddissamāne evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘idāneva kho ahaṃ jānāmi, ayampi kira dhammo suttāgato suttapariyāpanno anvaddhamāsaṃ uddesaṃ āgacchatī’’ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
如果其他比丘知道这位想使人误以为无知的比丘,在诵巴帝摩卡时曾经坐听过两三次,更何况更多次,那么这位比丘不得以无知而免罪;他在那里所犯的罪,应当依法处理,此外还应给他加上愚痴之罪。诸比丘,应当这样加:应由一位聪明、有能力的比丘告知僧团:显示巴利原文
Tañce mohetukāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ aññe bhikkhū jāneyyuṃ nisinnapubbaṃ iminā bhikkhunā dvattikkhattuṃ pātimokkhe uddissamāne, ko pana vādo bhiyyo, na ca tassa bhikkhuno aññāṇakena mutti atthi, yañca tattha āpattiṃ āpanno, tañca yathādhammo kāretabbo, uttari cassa moho āropetabbo. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, āropetabbo. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
446 “尊者们,请僧团听我说。这位某某比丘,在诵巴帝摩卡时,没有善加注意、作意。如果僧团时机合适,僧团应当给某某比丘加上愚痴之罪。这是动议。显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu pātimokkhe uddissamāne na sādhukaṃ aṭṭhiṃ katvā manasi karoti. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho itthannāmassa bhikkhuno mohaṃ āropeyya. Esā ñatti.
“尊者们,请僧团听我说。这位某某比丘,在诵巴帝摩卡时,没有善加注意、作意。僧团给某某比丘加上愚痴之罪。哪位尊者同意给某某比丘加上愚痴之罪,请保持沉默;哪位不同意,请说出来。显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu pātimokkhe uddissamāne na sādhukaṃ aṭṭhiṃ katvā manasi karoti. Saṅgho itthannāmassa bhikkhuno mohaṃ āropeti. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno mohassa āropanā, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“僧团已经给某某比丘加上愚痴之罪。僧团同意,因此保持沉默。我这样持受。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Āropito saṅghena itthannāmassa bhikkhuno moho. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
在尚未加上愚痴之罪时,使人陷入愚痴,犯恶作;在已经加上愚痴之罪时,使人陷入愚痴,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Anāropite mohe moheti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Āropite mohe moheti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
447 对于如法羯磨,认为是如法羯磨而使人陷入愚痴,犯波逸提;对于如法羯磨,有疑惑而使人陷入愚痴,犯波逸提;对于如法羯磨,认为是不如法羯磨而使人陷入愚痴,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññī, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme vematiko, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme adhammakammasaññī moheti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
对于不如法羯磨,认为是如法羯磨,犯恶作;对于不如法羯磨,有疑惑,犯恶作;对于不如法羯磨,认为是不如法羯磨,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme vematiko , āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
448 无犯:未曾详细听闻;详细听闻不足两三次;不是想使人误以为无知者;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti na vitthārena sutaṃ hoti, ūnakadvattikkhattuṃ vitthārena sutaṃ hoti, na mohetukāmassa, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
4. 打击学处显示巴利原文
4. Pahārasikkhāpadaṃ
449 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,六群比丘生气、不满,殴打十七群比丘。那些比丘哭了。诸比丘问道:“贤友们,你们为什么哭泣呢?”“贤友,这些六群比丘生气、不满,打了我们。”那些少欲的比丘……指责、批评、议论:“六群比丘怎么可以生气、不满,就打比丘呢!”……“诸比丘,据说你们真的生气、不满,打了比丘吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责……“愚人们,你们怎么可以生气、不满,就打比丘!愚人们,这不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,应当这样诵此学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū kupitā anattamanā sattarasavaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pahāraṃ denti. Te rodanti. Bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘kissa tumhe, āvuso, rodathā’’ti? ‘‘Ime, āvuso, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū kupitā anattamanā amhākaṃ pahāraṃ dentī’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū kupitā anattamanā bhikkhūnaṃ pahāraṃ dassantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, kupitā anattamanā bhikkhūnaṃ pahāraṃ dethāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, kupitā anattamanā bhikkhūnaṃ pahāraṃ dassatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
450 若比丘对(另一)比丘起嗔、心不悦而打他,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhussa kupito anattamano pahāraṃ dadeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
451 ……不论是何类……在此意义上,所指的就是比丘。”显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
其他比丘。”显示巴利原文
ti aññassa bhikkhussa.
不悦、心被打击、心怀怨恨。”显示巴利原文
ti anabhiraddho āhatacitto khilajāto.
用手、或用附着身体之物、或用应舍之物、乃至用荷叶去打,波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
ti kāyena vā kāyapaṭibaddhena vā nissaggiyena vā antamaso uppalapattenapi pahāraṃ deti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
452 对于受具足戒者,知道对方是受具足戒者,生气、不满而打,波逸提罪。对于受具足戒者,不确定对方是否受具足戒,生气、不满而打,波逸提罪。对于受具足戒者,以为对方未受具足戒,生气、不满而打,波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Upasampanne upasampannasaññī kupito anattamano pahāraṃ deti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne vematiko kupito anattamano pahāraṃ deti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne anupasampannasaññī kupito anattamano pahāraṃ deti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未具足戒戒者,若生气、不满而给予打击,犯恶作。对未具足戒戒者作已具足戒戒想,犯恶作。对未具足戒戒者心有疑惑,犯恶作。对未具足戒戒者作未具足戒戒想,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Anupasampannassa kupito anattamano pahāraṃ deti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne upasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne vematiko , āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne anupasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
453 不犯的情况:被任何人加害时,以挣脱为目的而给予打击;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti kenaci viheṭhīyamāno mokkhādhippāyo pahāraṃ deti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
5. 手刀学处显示巴利原文
5. Talasattikasikkhāpadaṃ
454 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。就在那时,六群比丘生气、不满,对十七群比丘作出手掌击打威胁的动作。那些比丘因被击打而聚集在一起哭泣。诸比丘这样问:'贤友们,你们为什么哭?''贤友们,这些六群比丘生气、不满,对我们作出手掌击打威胁的动作。'那些少欲的诸比丘……就埋怨、批评、指责说:'六群比丘怎么能在生气、不满时,对十七群比丘作出手掌击打威胁的动作呢!'……'诸比丘,你们真的在生气、不满时,对十七群比丘作出手掌击打威胁的动作吗?''是真的,世尊。'佛陀世尊呵责……'你们这些愚人,怎么能在生气、不满时,对十七群比丘作出手掌击打威胁的动作呢!愚人们,这不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵这条学处——'显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū kupitā anattamanā sattarasavaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ talasattikaṃ uggiranti. Te pahārasamuccitā rodanti. Bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘kissa tumhe, āvuso, rodathā’’ti? ‘‘Ime, āvuso, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū kupitā anattamanā amhākaṃ talasattikaṃ uggirantī’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū kupitā anattamanā sattarasavaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ talasattikaṃ uggirissantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, kupitā anattamanā sattarasavaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ talasattikaṃ uggirathāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, kupitā anattamanā sattarasavaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ talasattikaṃ uggirissatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
455 若比丘对(另一)比丘起嗔、心不悦而扬手作打势,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhussa kupito anattamano talasattikaṃ uggireyya, pācittiya’’nti.
456 所谓‘比丘’……此处指的就是这个意思。’显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
对其他比丘的。’显示巴利原文
ti aññassa bhikkhussa.
指不高兴、心痛、产生了反感。’显示巴利原文
ti anabhiraddho āhatacitto khilajāto.
即举起身体或与身体相连之物,哪怕只是一片莲花瓣,也犯波逸提。’显示巴利原文
ti kāyaṃ vā kāyapaṭibaddhaṃ vā antamaso uppalapattampi uccāreti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
457 对已受具足戒者,生起已受具足戒想,因愤怒、不高兴而举掌,犯波逸提。对已受具足戒者,疑惑,因愤怒、不高兴而举掌,犯波逸提。对已受具足戒者,生起未受具足戒想,因愤怒、不高兴而举掌,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanne upasampannasaññī kupito anattamano talasattikaṃ uggirati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne vematiko kupito anattamano talasattikaṃ uggirati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne anupasampannasaññī kupito anattamano talasattikaṃ uggirati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者,因愤怒、不高兴而举掌,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者,生起已受具足戒想,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者,疑惑,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者,生起未受具足戒想,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Anupasampannassa kupito anattamano talasattikaṃ uggirati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne upasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne anupasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
458 没有犯戒的情况:当遭到某人恼害,为了脱身而举掌;精神失常者;最初犯戒者。’显示巴利原文
Anāpatti kenaci viheṭhīyamāno mokkhādhippāyo talasattikaṃ uggirati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
6. 无根学处显示巴利原文
6. Amūlakasikkhāpadaṃ
459 那时,佛世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,六群比丘用无事实根据的僧残罪诽谤一位比丘。那些少欲的诸比丘……谴责、批评、指责说:“六群比丘怎么能用无事实根据的僧残罪诽谤比丘呢?”……“诸比丘,你们真的用无事实根据的僧残罪诽谤比丘吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛世尊呵责说……“你们这些愚人,怎么能用无事实根据的僧残罪诽谤比丘呢!愚人,这不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵这个学处:显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhuṃ amūlakena saṅghādisesena anuddhaṃsenti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhuṃ amūlakena saṅghādisesena anuddhaṃsessantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ amūlakena saṅghādisesena anuddhaṃsethāti ? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, bhikkhuṃ amūlakena saṅghādisesena anuddhaṃsessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
460 若比丘以无根据的僧残罪诽谤(另一)比丘,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhuṃ amūlakena saṅghādisesena anuddhaṃseyya, pācittiya’’nti.
461 这里所说的比丘,是指如此这般……这里所说的比丘是指与这件事相关的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“另一位比丘”的意思。显示巴利原文
nti aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ.
“无事实根据”是指没有见到、没有听到、没有怀疑。显示巴利原文
nāma adiṭṭhaṃ assutaṃ aparisaṅkitaṃ.
这十三条中的任何一条。显示巴利原文
ti terasannaṃ aññatarena.
亲自指责或指使他人指责,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti codeti vā codāpeti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
462 对具足戒者具足戒想,以无根的僧残法毁损对方,犯波逸提。对具足戒者疑,以无根的僧残法毁损对方,犯波逸提。对具足戒者非具足戒想,以无根的僧残法毁损对方,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanne upasampannasaññī amūlakena saṅghādisesena anuddhaṃseti , āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne vematiko amūlakena saṅghādisesena anuddhaṃseti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne anupasampannasaññī amūlakena saṅghādisesena anuddhaṃseti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
以行为败坏或见解败坏来毁损对方,犯恶作。毁损非具足戒者,犯恶作。对非具足戒者作具足戒想而毁损,犯恶作。对非具足戒者有疑而毁损,犯恶作。对非具足戒者作非具足戒想而毁损,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Ācāravipattiyā vā diṭṭhivipattiyā vā anuddhaṃseti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampannaṃ anuddhaṃseti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne upasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne anupasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
463 不犯:如其所想而指责或指使他人指责、精神失常者、最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti tathāsaññī codeti, vā codāpeti vā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
7. 故意学处显示巴利原文
7. Sañciccasikkhāpadaṃ
464 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,六群比丘故意让十七群比丘心生疑虑,说道:“贤友们,世尊制定了学处:‘未满二十岁的人不得受具足戒。’而你们未满二十岁就受了具足戒,你们莫非没受具足戒吧?”那些比丘哭了起来。诸比丘问道:“贤友们,你们为什么哭呢?”“贤友们,这些六群比丘故意让我们心生疑虑。”那些少欲的诸比丘……嫌弃、批评、指责道:“六群比丘怎么能故意让诸比丘心生疑虑呢?”……“诸比丘,你们真的故意让诸比丘心生疑虑吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道:“你们这些愚人,怎么能故意让诸比丘心生疑虑呢!愚人们,这不能让未生信者生信……”……“诸比丘,你们应当这样诵这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sattarasavaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sañcicca kukkuccaṃ upadahanti – ‘‘bhagavatā, āvuso, sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ – ‘na ūnavīsativasso puggalo upasampādetabbo’ti. Tumhe ca ūnavīsativassā upasampannā. Kacci no tumhe anupasampannā’’ti? Te rodanti. Bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘kissa tumhe, āvuso, rodathā’’ti? ‘‘Ime , āvuso, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū amhākaṃ sañcicca kukkuccaṃ upadahantī’’ti . Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhūnaṃ sañcicca kukkuccaṃ upadahissantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ sañcicca kukkuccaṃ upadahathāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, bhikkhūnaṃ sañcicca kukkuccaṃ upadahissatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
465 若比丘对(另一)比丘故意挑起疑悔,心想「这样让他即使片刻也不安」,只为此目的而无其他,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhussa sañcicca kukkuccaṃ upadaheyya uppādeyya (itipi) – ‘itissa muhuttampi aphāsu bhavissatī’ti etadeva paccayaṃ karitvā anaññaṃ, pācittiya’’nti.
466 这里所说的比丘,是指这样的、如此这般的……此处所指的,是这个意义上的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“对另一位比丘。”显示巴利原文
ti aññassa bhikkhussa.
“指知道、清楚地认知、故意地、越过而违犯。”显示巴利原文
ti jānanto sañjānanto cecca abhivitaritvā vītikkamo.
“指心想:‘我想你还未满二十岁就受了具足戒,我想你在非时吃了东西,我想你喝了酒,我想你与女人在隐秘处共坐。’以这种方式令对方心生不安感,犯波逸提。”显示巴利原文
ti ‘‘ūnavīsativasso maññe tvaṃ upasampanno, vikāle maññe tayā bhuttaṃ, majjaṃ maññe tayā pītaṃ, mātugāmena saddhiṃ raho maññe tayā nisinna’’nti kukkuccaṃ upadahati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
“没有其他任何原因,而就是想令对方心生不安感。”显示巴利原文
nti na añño koci paccayo hoti kukkuccaṃ upadahituṃ.
467 对已受具足戒者,认为其已受具足戒,故意令其心生不安感,犯波逸提。对已受具足戒者,心存疑惑,故意令其心生不安感,犯波逸提。对已受具足戒者,认为其未受具足戒,故意令其心生不安感,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanne upasampannasaññī sañcicca kukkuccaṃ upadahati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne vematiko sañcicca kukkuccaṃ upadahati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne anupasampannasaññī sañcicca kukkuccaṃ upadahati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
对未受具足戒者,故意令其心生疑悔,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者作已受具足戒想而故意令其心生疑悔,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者有疑而故意令其心生疑悔,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者作未受具足戒想而故意令其心生疑悔,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Anupasampannassa sañcicca kukkuccaṃ upadahati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne upasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne anupasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
468 没有犯戒的情况是:并非想令对方心生不安感,而只是说:‘我想你还未满二十岁就受了具足戒,我想你在非时吃了东西,我想你喝了酒,我想你与女人在隐秘处共坐。喂,你了解一下,别事后心里又起不安。’这样说,不犯戒。此外,对精神失常者,最初的犯戒者,也不犯戒。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti na kukkuccaṃ upadahitukāmo ‘‘ūnavīsativasso maññe tvaṃ upasampanno, vikāle maññe tayā bhuttaṃ, majjaṃ maññe tayā pītaṃ, mātugāmena saddhiṃ raho maññe tayā nisinnaṃ, iṅgha jānāhi, mā te pacchā kukkuccaṃ ahosī’’ti bhaṇati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
8. 窃听学处显示巴利原文
8. Upassutisikkhāpadaṃ
469 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,六群比丘与那些良善的诸比丘发生争吵。良善的诸比丘这样说:“贤友们,这些六群比丘真是无惭无愧之人,我们没法跟他们争吵。”六群比丘则说:“贤友们,你们为什么用‘无惭无愧’的罪名来诋毁我们?”“贤友们,你们又是从哪里听来的?”“我们诸位尊者,正在那儿偷听呢。”那些少欲知足的诸比丘……对此讥嫌、批评、指责道:“怎么可以这样!六群比丘竟然在诸比丘发生争吵、产生纠纷、陷入争论时,去一旁偷听呢!”……“诸比丘,你们真的在诸比丘发生争吵、产生纠纷、陷入争论时,去一旁偷听了吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道:“你们这些愚痴的人啊!怎么能在诸比丘发生争吵、产生纠纷、陷入争论时,去一旁偷听呢!愚痴的人啊,这既不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,应当这样诵这条学处:——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū pesalehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ bhaṇḍanti. Pesalā bhikkhū evaṃ vadanti – ‘‘alajjino ime, āvuso, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū. Na sakkā imehi saha bhaṇḍitu’’nti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū evaṃ vadanti – ‘‘kissa tumhe, āvuso, amhe alajjivādena pāpethā’’ti? ‘‘Kahaṃ pana tumhe, āvuso, assutthā’’ti? ‘‘Mayaṃ āyasmantānaṃ upassutiṃ tiṭṭhamhā’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhūnaṃ bhaṇḍanajātānaṃ kalahajātānaṃ vivādāpannānaṃ upassutiṃ tiṭṭhissantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ bhaṇḍanajātānaṃ kalahajātānaṃ vivādāpannānaṃ upassutiṃ tiṭṭhathāti? ‘‘Sacca, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, bhikkhūnaṃ bhaṇḍanajātānaṃ kalahajātānaṃ vivādāpannānaṃ upassutiṃ tiṭṭhissatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
470 若比丘对发生争吵、口角、争执的诸比丘屏处窃听,心想「他们说什么我要听」,只为此目的而无其他,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ bhaṇḍanajātānaṃ kalahajātānaṃ vivādāpannānaṃ upassutiṃ tiṭṭheyya – ‘yaṃ ime bhaṇissanti taṃ sossāmī’ti etadeva paccayaṃ karitvā anaññaṃ, pācittiya’’nti.
471 “比丘”这个词,在这里的意思是:这样的……等等,在这个意义上被称为比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“其他比丘”的意思是:那些发生了争执的比丘以外的比丘。显示巴利原文
nti aññesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ.
“争论”的意思是:由诤事而产生的。显示巴利原文
nti adhikaraṇajātānaṃ.
如果他心想:“我听到了这些之后,就去举发他、提醒他、反举发他、反提醒他,让他难堪。”因此而前往,犯恶作案。如果站在某个地方听到了,犯波逸提。如果在后面走,为了想听到而加快脚步走,犯恶作。如果站在某个地方听到了,犯波逸提。如果在前面走,为了想听到而故意慢下来,犯恶作。如果站在某个地方听到了,犯波逸提。如果来到比丘站立的地方、坐着的地方或躺着的地方商议事情,应当咳嗽一声示意,或者弄出点动静让他知道。如果不咳嗽示意,也不弄出动静让他知道,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti ‘‘imesaṃ sutvā codessāmi sāressāmi paṭicodessāmi paṭisāressāmi maṅkū karissāmī’’ti gacchati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Yattha ṭhito suṇāti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Pacchato gacchanto turito gacchati sossāmīti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Yattha ṭhito suṇāti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Purato gacchanto ohiyyati sossāmīti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Yattha ṭhito suṇāti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Bhikkhussa ṭhitokāsaṃ vā nisinnokāsaṃ vā nipannokāsaṃ vā āgantvā mantentaṃ ukkāsitabbaṃ , vijānāpetabbaṃ, no ce ukkāseyya vā vijānāpeyya vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
“没有其他任何因缘而站着偷听”的意思是:并非因为其他任何理由而站着偷听。显示巴利原文
nti na añño koci paccayo hoti upassutiṃ tiṭṭhituṃ.
472 对于已受具足戒的人,心中认定是已受具足戒的人,站着偷听,犯波逸提。对于已受具足戒的人,心中疑惑是否已受具足戒,站着偷听,犯波逸提。对于已受具足戒的人,心中认定是未受具足戒的人,站着偷听,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Upasampanne upasampannasaññī upassutiṃ tiṭṭhati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne vematiko upassutiṃ tiṭṭhati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Upasampanne anupasampannasaññī upassutiṃ tiṭṭhati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
对于未受具足戒的人,站着偷听,犯恶作。对于未受具足戒的人,心中认定是已受具足戒的人,犯恶作。对于未受具足戒的人,心中疑惑是否已受具足戒,犯恶作。对于未受具足戒的人,心中认定是未受具足戒的人,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Anupasampannassa upassutiṃ tiṭṭhati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne upasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampanne anupasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
473 无罪的情况有:心想“我听了这些之后,会停止、会克制、会平息、会让自己解脱”而前去;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – ‘‘imesaṃ sutvā oramissāmi viramissāmi vūpasamissāmi attānaṃ parimocessāmī’’ti gacchati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
9. 羯磨抗拒学处显示巴利原文
9. Kammapaṭibāhanasikkhāpadaṃ
474 那时,佛世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,六群比丘做了不如法的行为,当僧团对其中某个人执行羯磨时,他们却表示反对。那时,僧团为了处理某件事情而聚集在一起。六群比丘正在做衣服,他们把意见委托给其中一个人。于是僧团说:“贤友,这位六群比丘单独来了,我们来对他执行羯磨吧。”就对他执行了羯磨。然后那位比丘去到六群比丘那里。六群比丘对他这样说:“贤友,僧团做了什么?”他说:“贤友,僧团对我执行了羯磨。”他们说:“贤友,我们委托意见不是为了让你被做羯磨的。如果我们知道僧团要对你执行羯磨,我们就不会委托意见了。”那些少欲的诸比丘……谴责、批评、指责说:“六群比丘怎么能对如法的羯磨先表示同意,事后又批评呢?”……“诸比丘,你们真的对如法的羯磨先表示同意,事后又批评吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛世尊呵责说……“你们这些愚人,怎么能对如法的羯磨先表示同意,事后又批评呢!愚人,这不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵这个学处:显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū anācāraṃ ācaritvā ekamekassa kamme kayiramāne paṭikkosanti. Tena kho pana samayena saṅgho sannipatito hoti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū cīvarakammaṃ karontā ekassa chandaṃ adaṃsu. Atha kho saṅgho – ‘‘ayaṃ, āvuso, chabbaggiyo bhikkhu ekako āgato, handassa mayaṃ kammaṃ karomā’’ti tassa kammaṃ akāsi. Atha kho so bhikkhu yena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kiṃ, āvuso, saṅgho akāsī’’ti? ‘‘Saṅgho me, āvuso, kammaṃ akāsī’’ti. ‘‘Na mayaṃ, āvuso, etadatthāya chandaṃ adamhā – ‘‘tuyhaṃ kammaṃ karissatī’’ti. Sace ca mayaṃ jāneyyāma ‘‘tuyhaṃ kammaṃ karissatī’’ti, na mayaṃ chandaṃ dadeyyāmā’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū dhammikānaṃ kammānaṃ chandaṃ datvā pacchā khīyanadhammaṃ āpajjissantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, dhammikānaṃ kammānaṃ chandaṃ datvā pacchā khīyanadhammaṃ āpajjathāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, dhammikānaṃ kammānaṃ chandaṃ datvā pacchā khīyanadhammaṃ āpajjissatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
475 若比丘对如法的羯磨表示同意(与欲)之后,事后又表示嫌责,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu dhammikānaṃ kammānaṃ chandaṃ datvā pacchā khīyanadhammaṃ āpajjeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
476 . . . . . . 在这里,‘比丘’这个词就是指这个意思。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓的‘如法羯磨’,是指现前羯磨、白羯磨、白二羯磨、白四羯磨,依法、依律、依大师教法而作;这称为如法羯磨。给与欲后而非难的,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nāma apalokanakammaṃ ñattikammaṃ ñattidutiyakammaṃ ñatticatutthakammaṃ dhammena vinayena satthusāsanena kataṃ, etaṃ dhammikaṃ nāma kammaṃ. Chandaṃ datvā khiyyati āpatti pācittiyassa.
477 对于如法业,想为如法业,给与同意后又非难的,犯波逸提罪。对于如法业,心有疑惑,给与同意后又非难的,犯恶作罪。对于如法业,想为不如法业,给与同意后又非难的,无罪。对于不如法业,想为如法业,给与同意后又非难的,犯恶作罪。对于不如法业,心有疑惑,给与同意后又非难的,犯恶作罪。对于不如法业,想为不如法业,给与同意后又非难的,无罪。显示巴利原文
Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññī chandaṃ datvā khiyyati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme vematiko chandaṃ datvā khiyyati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dhammakamme adhammakammasaññī chandaṃ datvā khiyyati, anāpatti. Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññī, anāpatti.
478 无罪的情况:明知‘这项业是以非法、别众,或对不应受者而作的’而予以非难;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – ‘‘adhammena vā vaggena vā na kammārahassa vā kammaṃ kata’’nti jānanto khiyyati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
10. 不给欲而去学处显示巴利原文
10. Chandaṃadatvāgamanasikkhāpadaṃ
479 那时,佛陀、世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。恰在那时,僧团因有某件应作的事而聚集。六群比丘正在缝制袈裟,便把同意给了其中一位比丘。这时,僧团想着“我们要作为了此事而聚集的那项羯磨”,便提出了白。那时,那位比丘心想:“他们就这样一个个地作事,你们要为谁作羯磨呢?”便不给与同意,从座起身走开了。那些少欲的比丘呵责、非难、指责道:“比丘怎么能在僧团正进行裁决讨论时,不给与同意就从座起身走开呢?”他们把这件事禀告世尊。世尊问道:“比丘,听说你在僧团正进行裁决讨论时,不给与同意就从座起身走开了,是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道:“愚人,你怎么能在僧团正进行裁决讨论时,不给与同意就从座起身走开呢?愚人,这既不能令未信者生信,也不能令已信者增长信心。”世尊呵责后说法,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena saṅgho sannipatito hoti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū cīvarakammaṃ karontā ekassa chandaṃ adaṃsu. Atha kho saṅgho ‘‘yassatthāya sannipatito taṃ kammaṃ karissāmī’’ti ñattiṃ ṭhapesi. Atha kho so bhikkhu – ‘‘evamevime ekamekassa kammaṃ karonti, kassa tumhe kammaṃ karissathā’’ti chandaṃ adatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhu saṅghe vinicchayakathāya vattamānāya chandaṃ adatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamissatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhikkhu, saṅghe vinicchayakathāya vattamānāya chandaṃ adatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamasīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, saṅghe vinicchayakathāya vattamānāya chandaṃ adatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamissasi ! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
480 若比丘在僧团评断诤事正进行时,不表示同意(不与欲)就从座起身离去,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu saṅghe vinicchayakathāya vattamānāya chandaṃ adatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkameyya, pācittiya’’nti.
481 . . . . . . 在这里,‘比丘’这个词就是指这个意思。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
这是指:事情虽已提出,但尚未作出裁决;或者白已提出;或者羯磨语正在进行中。显示巴利原文
nāma vatthu vā ārocitaṃ hoti avinicchitaṃ, ñatti vā ṭhapitā hoti, kammavācā vā vippakatā hoti.
他一边想“怎样才能让这羯磨被破坏、成为别众、无法进行呢?”一边离开,犯恶作。当离开大众伸手可及的范围时,犯恶作。已完全离开后,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti – ‘‘kathaṃ idaṃ kammaṃ kuppaṃ assa vaggaṃ assa na kareyyā’’ti gacchati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Parisāya hatthapāsaṃ vijahantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa. Vijahite āpatti pācittiyassa.
482 在如法羯磨中,如果认为是如法羯磨,没给同意就离座离开,犯波逸提。在如法羯磨中,如果心生疑惑,没给同意就离座离开,犯恶作。在如法羯磨中,如果认为是非法羯磨,没给同意就离座离开,无犯。在非法羯磨中,如果认为是如法羯磨,犯恶作。在非法羯磨中,如果心生疑惑,犯恶作。在非法羯磨中,如果认为是非法羯磨,无犯。显示巴利原文
Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññī chandaṃ adatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme vematiko chandaṃ adatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dhammakamme adhammakammasaññī chandaṃ adatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamati, anāpatti. Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññī, anāpatti.
483 无犯:心想“僧团将会发生争吵、斗诤、纷争或争论”而离开;心想“将会有破僧或僧团分裂”而离开;心想“他们将以非法或别众的方式对不应受羯磨的人作羯磨”而离开;因病而离开;为病者办事而离开;被大便或小便所逼迫而离开;心想“我不是想破坏羯磨,我还会回来的”而离开;疯癫者、最初犯者,无犯。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – ‘‘saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṃ vā kalaho vā viggaho vā vivādo vā bhavissatī’’ti gacchati, ‘‘saṅghabhedo vā saṅgharāji vā bhavissatī’’ti gacchati, ‘‘adhammena vā vaggena vā na kammārahassa vā kammaṃ karissatī’’ti gacchati, gilāno gacchati, gilānassa karaṇīyena gacchati, uccārena vā passāvena vā pīḷito gacchati, ‘‘na kammaṃ kopetukāmo puna paccāgamissāmī’’ti gacchati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
11. 弱者学处显示巴利原文
11. Dubbalasikkhāpadaṃ
484 那时,佛陀世尊住在王舍城竹林迦兰陀竹园。当时,具寿达波·马洛子为僧团分配坐卧具,并指派食物。那位具寿的衣服破旧。当时,僧团得到了一件衣。于是僧团把那件衣给了具寿达波·马洛子。六群比丘讥嫌、非难、到处说:“诸比丘按照关系亲疏把僧团的利养转送了!”那些少欲的比丘……他们讥嫌、非难、到处说:“六群比丘怎么能在和合僧团给了衣之后,又事后起嫌恨呢!”……“诸比丘,据说你们在和合僧团给了衣之后,又事后起嫌恨,是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责说:“蠢人!你们怎么能在和合僧团给了衣之后,又事后起嫌恨呢!蠢人,这既不能让未生信者生信……”于是世尊说:“诸比丘,应这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā dabbo mallaputto saṅghassa senāsanañca paññapeti bhattāni ca uddisati. So cāyasmā dubbalacīvaro hoti. Tena kho pana samayena saṅghassa ekaṃ cīvaraṃ uppannaṃ hoti. Atha kho saṅgho taṃ cīvaraṃ āyasmato dabbassa mallaputtassa adāsi . Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘yathāsanthutaṃ bhikkhū saṅghikaṃ lābhaṃ pariṇāmentī’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū samaggena saṅghena cīvaraṃ datvā pacchā khīyanadhammaṃ āpajjissantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, samaggena saṅghena cīvaraṃ datvā pacchā khīyanadhammaṃ āpajjathāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, samaggena saṅghena cīvaraṃ datvā pacchā khīyanadhammaṃ āpajjissatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ, vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
485 若比丘在和合僧团施衣之后,事后又嫌责说「诸比丘是按交情把僧团的利养回向(私人)」,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu samaggena saṅghena cīvaraṃ datvā pacchā khīyanadhammaṃ āpajjeyya ‘yathāsanthutaṃ bhikkhū saṅghikaṃ lābhaṃ pariṇāmentī’ti, pācittiya’’nti.
486 “比丘”一词,是指无论何种……(中略)……就是此处所说的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“僧团”是指共住、同处于同一界内的众比丘。显示巴利原文
nāma saṅgho samānasaṃvāsako samānasīmāyaṃ ṭhito.
“衣”是指六种衣中的某一种,是可作净施之最下劣者。显示巴利原文
nāma channaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ vikappanupagaṃ pacchimaṃ.
这样自己给予了之后。显示巴利原文
ti sayaṃ datvā.
是指基于朋友关系、基于同伴关系、基于亲密关系、基于同一亲教师关系、基于同一老师关系。显示巴利原文
nāma yathāmittatā yathāsandiṭṭhatā yathāsambhattatā yathāsamānupajjhāyakatā yathāsamānācariyakatā.
是指已给予僧团、已供养给僧团的物品。显示巴利原文
nāma saṅghassa dinnaṃ hoti pariccattaṃ.
是指衣服、钵食、坐卧处、生病所需的医药资具,乃至一撮粉末、一根齿木、一段缝线。显示巴利原文
nāma cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā, antamaso cuṇṇapiṇḍopi, dantakaṭṭhampi, dasikasuttampi.
对于受具足戒、由僧团同意任命的分配坐卧处者、分饭者、分粥者、分水果者、分硬食者或分配小物者,在衣已给与时加以非难,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti upasampannassa saṅghena sammatassa senāsanapaññāpakassa vā bhattuddesakassa vā yāgubhājakassa vā phalabhājakassa vā khajjabhājakassa vā appamattakavissajjakassa vā cīvaraṃ dinne khiyyati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
487 在如法行事时,以为是如法行事,衣服分发后抱怨,犯波逸提罪。在如法行事时,心有疑惑,衣服分发后抱怨,犯波逸提罪。在如法行事时,以为是非法行事,衣服分发后抱怨,犯波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññī cīvaraṃ dinne khiyyati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme vematiko cīvaraṃ dinne khiyyati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme adhammakammasaññī cīvaraṃ dinne khiyyati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
其他资具分发后抱怨,犯恶作罪。对受具足戒、未被僧团任命为分配坐卧处者、或分食者、或分粥者、或分水果者、或分硬食者、或分配零星物品者的人,当衣服或其他资具被给予时抱怨,犯恶作罪。对未受具足戒者,无论是否被僧团任命为分配坐卧处者、或分食者、或分粥者、或分水果者、或分硬食者、或分配零星物品者,当衣服或其他资具被给予时抱怨,犯恶作罪。在非法行事时,以为是如法行事,犯恶作罪。在非法行事时,心有疑惑,犯恶作罪。在非法行事时,以为是非法行事,无犯。显示巴利原文
Aññaṃ parikkhāraṃ dinne khiyyati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Upasampannassa saṅghena asammatassa senāsanapaññāpakassa vā bhattuddesakassa vā yāgubhājakassa vā phalabhājakassa vā khajjabhājakassa vā appamattakavissajjakassa vā cīvaraṃ vā aññaṃ vā parikkhāraṃ dinne khiyyati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampannassa saṅghena sammatassa vā asammatassa vā senāsanapaññāpakassa vā bhattuddesakassa vā yāgubhājakassa vā phalabhājakassa vā khajjabhājakassa vā appamattakavissajjakassa vā cīvaraṃ vā aññaṃ vā parikkhāraṃ dinne khiyyati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññī, anāpatti.
488 无犯的情况是:对依其本性而行的人,因欲、瞋、痴、怖而做的人,心想'他得到这个有什么用?即使得到了,也会浪费掉,不会妥善使用'而抱怨者,精神失常者,最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – pakatiyā chandā dosā mohā bhayā karontaṃ ‘‘kvattho tassa dinnena laddhāpi vinipātessati na sammā upanessatī’’ti khiyyati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
12. 回向学处显示巴利原文
12. Pariṇāmanasikkhāpadaṃ
489 那时,佛陀世尊正住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。恰好那时,舍卫城里有位施主为僧团准备了连同袈裟一起的膳食供养,他打算:‘先请他们吃饭,然后用袈裟供养他们。’这时,六群比丘去到了那位施主那里。到了之后,对那位施主这样说:‘贤友,请把这些袈裟给这些比丘们吧。’施主回答:‘尊者,我们不这样给。我们年年都为僧团设置带袈裟的布施。’六群比丘说:‘贤友,僧团的施主很多,僧团的护持者也很多。这些比丘是靠着您、仰望着您才住在这里的。如果您都不给他们,那还有谁会给他们呢?贤友,请把这些袈裟给这些比丘们吧。’当时,那位施主被六群诸比丘逼着,把原先准备好的袈裟给了六群诸比丘,然后只以膳食招待了僧团。那些知道僧团有带袈裟的膳食供养、但并不知道袈裟已经给了六群比丘的诸比丘,这样说道:‘贤友们,请把僧团的袈裟拿出来吧。’施主回答说:‘尊者,没有了。原先准备好的袈裟,已经被六群尊者、被那些六群比丘尊者转用到他们自己身上了。’那些少欲知足的诸比丘对此感到不满、批评、讥嫌:‘六群比丘怎么能在明知的情况下,把已经指定给僧团的利养,转用到个人身上呢?’……(世尊问:)‘诸比丘,听说你们真的在明知的情况下,把已经指定给僧团的利养,转用到个人身上了,这是事实吗?’他们答:‘是事实,世尊。’佛陀世尊呵责他们说:‘你们这些愚人,怎么能在明知的情况下,把已经指定给僧团的利养,转用到个人身上呢!愚人,这既不能让没有信心的人生起信心……(中间省略呵责与开示)……因此,诸比丘,你们应当这样诵念这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa pūgassa saṅghassa sacīvarabhattaṃ paṭiyattaṃ hoti – ‘‘bhojetvā cīvarena acchādessāmā’’ti. Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū yena so pūgo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ pūgaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘dethāvuso, imāni cīvarāni imesaṃ bhikkhūna’’nti. ‘‘Na mayaṃ, bhante, dassāma. Amhākaṃ saṅghassa anuvassaṃ sacīvarabhikkhā paññattā’’ti. ‘‘Bahū, āvuso, saṅghassa dāyakā, bahū saṅghassa bhattā . Ime tumhe nissāya tumhe sampassantā idha viharanti. Tumhe ce imesaṃ na dassatha, atha ko carahi imesaṃ dassati? Dethāvuso, imāni cīvarāni imesaṃ bhikkhūna’’nti. Atha kho so pūgo chabbaggiyehi bhikkhūhi nippīḷiyamāno yathāpaṭiyattaṃ cīvaraṃ chabbaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ datvā saṅghaṃ bhattena parivisi. Ye te bhikkhū jānanti saṅghassa sacīvarabhattaṃ paṭiyattaṃ ‘‘na ca jānanti chabbaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dinna’’nti te evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘oṇojethāvuso, saṅghassa cīvara’’nti. ‘‘Natthi, bhante. Yathāpaṭiyattaṃ cīvaraṃ ayyā chabbaggiyā ayyānaṃ chabbaggiyānaṃ pariṇāmesu’’nti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṃ saṅghikaṃ lābhaṃ pariṇataṃ puggalassa pariṇāmessantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, jānaṃ saṅghikaṃ lābhaṃ pariṇataṃ puggalassa pariṇāmethāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, jānaṃ saṅghikaṃ lābhaṃ pariṇataṃ puggalassa pariṇāmessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
490 若比丘明知是已回向僧团的利养,却(改)回向给个人,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṃ saṅghikaṃ lābhaṃ pariṇataṃ puggalassa pariṇāmeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
491 这里的‘比丘’是指:无论是这样或那样的……(指循此定义)……在比丘上,在此义中就是指定意义上的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“知道”是指:他自己知道,或者别人告诉他,或者他自己告知。显示巴利原文
nāma sāmaṃ vā jānāti, aññe vā tassa ārocenti, so vā āroceti.
‘僧团的利养’是指:已经给予、施舍给僧团的东西。显示巴利原文
nāma saṅghassa dinnaṃ hoti pariccattaṃ.
‘利养’是指:袈裟、饮食、住所、医药资具等必需品,乃至一撮粉末、一根齿木、一段缝衣线,都算在内。显示巴利原文
nāma cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā, antamaso cuṇṇapiṇḍopi, dantakaṭṭhampi, dasikasuttampi.
‘已经指定’是指,已经明确说了‘我们会给,我们会做’这样的话。如果把这东西转用到个人身上,就犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nāma ‘‘dassāma karissāmā’’ti vācā bhinnā hoti, taṃ puggalassa pariṇāmeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
492 对已经指定的利养,有已经指定的认知,却转用到个人身上,犯波逸提。对已经指定的利养,心有疑惑,却转用到个人身上,犯恶作。对已经指定的利养,有尚未指定的认知,却转用到个人身上,不犯。把指定给这个僧团的利养,转用到另一个僧团或佛塔,犯恶作。把指定给这处佛塔的利养,转用到另一处佛塔、僧团或个人,犯恶作。把指定给这个人的利养,转用到另一个人、僧团或佛塔,犯恶作。对尚未指定的利养,有已经指定的认知,犯恶作。对尚未指定的利养,心有疑惑,犯恶作。对尚未指定的利养,有尚未指定的认知,不犯。显示巴利原文
Pariṇate pariṇatasaññī puggalassa pariṇāmeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Pariṇate vematiko puggalassa pariṇāmeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Pariṇate apariṇatasaññī puggalassa pariṇāmeti, anāpatti. Saṅghassa pariṇataṃ aññasaṅghassa vā cetiyassa vā pariṇāmeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Cetiyassa pariṇataṃ aññacetiyassa vā saṅghassa vā puggalassa vā pariṇāmeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Puggalassa pariṇataṃ aññapuggalassa vā saṅghassa vā cetiyassa vā pariṇāmeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa . Apariṇate pariṇatasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Apariṇate vematiko , āpatti dukkaṭassa. Apariṇate apariṇatasaññī, anāpatti.
493 无罪情况――当被问到“应该布施到哪里?”时,他这样说:“你们所布施的物品,在哪里能获得受用、能得到修补、能长久保存,或者在哪里能令你们心生净信,就布施到那里。” 对精神失常者、最初犯者无罪。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti – ‘‘kattha demā’’ti pucchīyamāno – ‘‘yattha tumhākaṃ deyyadhammo paribhogaṃ vā labheyya paṭisaṅkhāraṃ vā labheyya ciraṭṭhitiko vā assa yattha vā pana tumhākaṃ cittaṃ pasīdati tattha dethā’’ti bhaṇati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
诽谤共住法、令愚昧、殴打,
掌击、无根诽谤、故意偷听,
阻欲、达婆,以及转用。
显示巴利原文 Sahadhamma-vivaṇṇañca, mohāpanaṃ pahārakaṃ; Talasatti amūlañca, sañcicca ca upassuti; Paṭibāhanachandañca, dabbañca pariṇāmananti.
9. 宝品显示巴利原文
9. Ratanavaggo
1. 内宫学处显示巴利原文
1. Antepurasikkhāpadaṃ
494 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,憍萨罗王波斯匿命令园丁:“伙计,去把园子清理干净。我要去园林了。” 园丁回答:“遵命,陛下。” 之后,园丁在清理园林时,看到世尊坐在某棵树下。看到后,他就去见憍萨罗王波斯匿,禀报说:“陛下,园林已经清理干净。不过,世尊正坐在那里。” 国王说:“没关系,我正要去拜见世尊。” 于是憍萨罗王波斯匿前往园林,来到世尊处。那时,有位在家居士正亲近世尊坐着。憍萨罗王波斯匿看到那位居士如此亲近世尊,心中恐惧地站住了。随后国王心想:“这人能这样亲近世尊,应该不是坏人。” 于是他便上前,顶礼世尊后坐在一边。而那位居士出于对世尊的极度尊重,没有向国王顶礼,也没有起身。憍萨罗王波斯匿因此心生不悦:“怎么这个人见到我来,既不顶礼也不起身!” 世尊知道国王心中不悦,便对憍萨罗王波斯匿说:“大王,这位居士多闻通达教法,对于欲乐已经离欲。” 国王听后心想:“这位居士绝不可能是泛泛之辈,连世尊都在赞叹他。” 于是便对那位居士说:“居士,您有什么需要,尽管说。” 居士答道:“好的,陛下。” 接着,世尊以法语教导、激励、鼓舞憍萨罗王波斯匿,令他欢喜。憍萨罗王波斯匿受到世尊的法语教导、激励、鼓舞而欢喜后,从座位起身,顶礼世尊,右绕之后离去。显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena rājā pasenadi kosalo uyyānapālaṃ āṇāpesi – ‘‘gaccha, bhaṇe, uyyānaṃ sodhehi. Uyyānaṃ gamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, devā’’ti kho so uyyānapālo rañño pasenadissa kosalassa paṭissutvā uyyānaṃ sodhento addasa bhagavantaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ. Disvāna yena rājā pasenadi kosalo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘suddhaṃ, deva, uyyānaṃ. Apica, bhagavā tattha nisinno’’ti. ‘‘Hotu, bhaṇe! Mayaṃ bhagavantaṃ payirupāsissāmā’’ti. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo uyyānaṃ gantvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro upāsako bhagavantaṃ payirupāsanto nisinno hoti. Addasā kho rājā pasenadi kosalo taṃ upāsakaṃ bhagavantaṃ payirupāsantaṃ nisinnaṃ. Disvāna bhīto aṭṭhāsi. Atha kho rañño pasenadissa kosalassa etadahosi – ‘‘nārahatāyaṃ puriso pāpo hotuṃ , yathā bhagavantaṃ payirupāsatī’’ti. Yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Atha kho so upāsako bhagavato gāravena rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ neva abhivādesi na paccuṭṭhāsi. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo anattamano ahosi – ‘‘kathañhi nāmāyaṃ puriso mayi āgate neva abhivādessati na paccuṭṭhessatī’’ti! Atha kho bhagavā rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ anattamanaṃ viditvā rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘eso kho, mahārāja, upāsako bahussuto āgatāgamo kāmesu vītarāgo’’ti. Atha kho rañño pasenadissa kosalassa etadahosi – ‘‘nārahatāyaṃ upāsako orako hotuṃ, bhagavāpi imassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī’’ti. Taṃ upāsakaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘vadeyyāsi, upāsaka, yena attho’’ti. ‘‘Suṭṭhu, devā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassito samādapito samuttejito sampahaṃsito uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.
495 那时,憍萨罗王波斯匿正登上宫殿的高楼。他看见那位居士在街道上手持伞盖而行,便召他前来,问道:“居士,听说您多闻通达教法。善哉,请您为我们后宫的女眷们教授佛法吧。” 居士回答:“陛下,我所知的佛法,仰赖于圣者们传授,还是由圣者们来为陛下的后宫教授佛法吧。” 于是憍萨罗王波斯匿心想:“这位居士说得确实在理。” 便前往世尊处,顶礼后坐在一边,对世尊说:“尊者,请世尊指派一位比丘,为我的后宫教授佛法。” 于是世尊用佛法教导、激励波斯匿王……(中略)……右绕后离去。之后世尊告诉具寿阿难:“阿难,既然如此,你就去为国王的后宫教授佛法吧。” 具寿阿难回答:“是的,尊者。” 此后,具寿阿难便时常进入国王的后宫,为她们教授佛法。一天早晨,具寿阿难穿好下衣,拿着钵与衣,前往憍萨罗王波斯匿的住处。显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena rājā pasenadi kosalo uparipāsādavaragato hoti. Addasā kho rājā pasenadi kosalo taṃ upāsakaṃ rathikāya chattapāṇiṃ gacchantaṃ. Disvāna pakkosāpetvā etadavoca – ‘‘tvaṃ kira, upāsaka, bahussuto āgatāgamo. Sādhu, upāsaka, amhākaṃ itthāgāraṃ dhammaṃ vācehī’’ti. ‘‘Yamahaṃ , deva, jānāmi ayyānaṃ vāhasā, ayyāva devassa itthāgāraṃ dhammaṃ vācessantī’’ti. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo – ‘‘saccaṃ kho upāsako āhā’’ti yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu, bhante, bhagavā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ āṇāpetu yo amhākaṃ itthāgāraṃ dhammaṃ vācessatī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi…pe… padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘tenahānanda, rañño itthāgāraṃ dhammaṃ vācehī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paṭissutvā kālena kālaṃ pavisitvā rañño itthāgāraṃ dhammaṃ vāceti. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena rañño pasenadissa kosalassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami.
496 那时,憍萨罗王波斯匿正和末利迦王后同睡在卧榻上。末利迦王后远远看到具寿阿难正走过来,慌忙起身,身上那件光滑的黄色衣服随即滑落。具寿阿难见到这一幕,立刻原地折返,回到僧园,把这件事告诉了诸比丘。那些少欲知足的诸比丘纷纷非难、指责、批评道:“具寿阿难怎么能事先不告知就进入国王的后宫!” ……(中略)…… 世尊问阿难:“阿难,你真的在事先没有预约的情况下进入国王的后宫了吗?” 阿难答:“是真的,世尊。” 佛陀世尊呵责了他…… “阿难,你怎能事先不告知就进入国王的后宫!这样做既不能让未信者生起信心,也不能让已信者的信心增长……” 佛陀呵责之后,说了法语,接着对诸比丘说:显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena rājā pasenadi kosalo mallikāya deviyā saddhiṃ sayanagato hoti. Addasā kho mallikā devī āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna sahasā vuṭṭhāsi; pītakamaṭṭhaṃ dussaṃ pabhassittha. Atha kho āyasmā ānando tatova paṭinivattitvā ārāmaṃ gantvā bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā ānando pubbe appaṭisaṃvidito rañño antepuraṃ pavisissatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, ānanda, pubbe appaṭisaṃvidito rañño antepuraṃ pavisasīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, ānanda, pubbe appaṭisaṃvidito rañño antepuraṃ pavisissasi! Netaṃ, ānanda, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –
497 诸比丘,进入王宫内室有这十种过患。哪十种呢?诸比丘,这里,国王正与王后坐在一起,那时有比丘进入。王后看见比丘后露出了笑容;或者比丘看见王后露出了笑容。这时国王心里想:‘他们俩肯定已经有了事,或者将要有什么事。’诸比丘,这是进入王宫内室的第一种过患。显示巴利原文
‘‘Dasayime, bhikkhave, ādīnavā rājantepurappavesane. Katame dasa? Idha, bhikkhave, rājā mahesiyā saddhiṃ nisinno hoti, tattha bhikkhu pavisati. Mahesī vā bhikkhuṃ disvā sitaṃ pātukaroti. Bhikkhu vā mahesiṃ disvā sitaṃ pātukaroti. Tattha rañño evaṃ hoti – ‘‘addhā imesaṃ kataṃ vā karissanti vā’’ti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo ādīnavo rājantepurappavesane.
再者,诸比丘,国王事务繁多、公务缠身。他去了一位女子那里后,却忘了这件事。那女子因此怀了孕。这时国王心里想:‘除了出家人,没有别人进过这里。这会不会是那个出家人干的事呢?’诸比丘,这是进入王宫内室的第二种过患。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rājā bahukicco bahukaraṇīyo. Aññataraṃ itthiṃ gantvā nassarati. Sā tena gabbhaṃ gaṇhi. Tattha rañño evaṃ hoti – ‘‘na kho idha añño koci pavisati aññatra pabbajitena. Siyā nu kho pabbajitassa kamma’’nti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo ādīnavo rājantepurappavesane.
再者,诸比丘,国王的后宫中某件宝物丢失了。这时国王心里想:‘除了出家人,没有别人进过这里。这会不会是那个出家人干的事呢?’诸比丘,这是进入王宫内室的第三种过患。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rañño antepure aññataraṃ ratanaṃ nassati. Tattha rañño evaṃ hoti – ‘‘na kho idha añño koci pavisati aññatra pabbajitena. Siyā nu kho pabbajitassa kamma’’nti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo ādīnavo rājantepurappavesane.
再者,诸比丘,国王后宫内部的机密要事传到了外面。这时国王心里想:‘除了出家人,没有别人进过这里。这会不会是那个出家人干的事呢?’诸比丘,这是进入王宫内室的第四种过患。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rañño antepure abbhantarā guyhamantā bahiddhā sambhedaṃ gacchanti. Tattha rañño evaṃ hoti – ‘‘na kho idha añño koci pavisati aññatra pabbajitena. Siyā nu kho pabbajitassa kamma’’nti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, catuttho ādīnavo rājantepurappavesane.
再者,诸比丘,在国王的后宫中,儿子觊觎父亲的地位,或者父亲觊觎儿子的地位。他们心里想:‘除了出家人,没有别人进过这里。这会不会是那个出家人干的事呢?’诸比丘,这是进入王宫内室的第五种过患。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rañño antepure putto vā pitaraṃ pattheti pitā vā puttaṃ pattheti. Tesaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘‘na kho idha añño koci pavisati aññatra pabbajitena. Siyā nu kho pabbajitassa kamma’’nti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, pañcamo ādīnavo rājantepurappavesane.
再者,诸比丘,国王把原本地位低下的人提拔到高位。那些对此不满的人心里想:‘国王跟出家人走得太近了。这会不会是那个出家人干的事呢?’诸比丘,这是进入王宫内室的第六种过患。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rājā nīcaṭṭhāniyaṃ ucce ṭhāne ṭhapeti. Yesaṃ taṃ amanāpaṃ tesaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘‘rājā kho pabbajitena saṃsaṭṭho. Siyā nu kho pabbajitassa kamma’’nti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, chaṭṭho ādīnavo, rājantepurappavesane.
再者,诸比丘,国王把原本地位尊贵的人贬到低位。那些对此不满的人心里想:‘国王跟出家人走得太近了。这会不会是那个出家人干的事呢?’诸比丘,这是进入王宫内室的第七种过患。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rājā uccaṭṭhāniyaṃ nīce ṭhāne ṭhapeti. Yesaṃ taṃ amanāpaṃ tesaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘‘rājā kho pabbajitena saṃsaṭṭho. Siyā nu kho pabbajitassa kamma’’nti. Ayaṃ , bhikkhave, sattamo ādīnavo rājantepurappavesane.
再者,诸比丘,国王在不恰当的时候调动军队。那些对此不满的人心里想:‘国王跟出家人走得太近了。这会不会是那个出家人干的事呢?’诸比丘,这是进入王宫内室的第八种过患。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rājā akāle senaṃ uyyojeti. Yesaṃ taṃ amanāpaṃ tesaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘‘rājā kho pabbajitena saṃsaṭṭho. Siyā nu kho pabbajitassa kamma’’nti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, aṭṭhamo ādīnavo rājantepurappavesane.
“再者,诸比丘,国王在适当的时候派遣军队出发,又从半路把军队召回。那些对此不悦的人便会这样想:‘国王确实与出家人过从甚密,这会不会是出家人的作为呢?’诸比丘,这是进入王宫内室的第九种过患。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rājā kāle senaṃ uyyojetvā antarāmaggato nivattāpeti. Yesaṃ taṃ amanāpaṃ tesaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘‘‘rājā kho pabbajitena saṃsaṭṭho. Siyā nu kho pabbajitassa kamma’’nti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, navamo ādīnavo rājantepurappavesane.
“再者,诸比丘,国王的王宫有象群的拥挤、马群的拥挤、车乘的拥挤,以及那些令人生起贪染的色、声、香、味、触——这些对于出家人来说都是不适宜的。诸比丘,这是出入王宫的第十种过患。诸比丘,这些就是出入王宫的十种过患。”那时,世尊以种种方式严厉呵责具寿阿难,指出其难以养护……并对诸比丘这样开示这条学处——显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rañño rājantepuraṃ hatthisammaddaṃ assasammaddaṃ rathasammaddaṃ rajjanīyāni rūpasaddagandharasaphoṭṭhabbāni, yāni na pabbajitassa sāruppāni. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dasamo ādīnavo rājantepurappavesane. Ime kho, bhikkhave, dasa ādīnavā rājantepurappavesane’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā dubbharatāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
498 若比丘在国王(刹帝利受灌顶者)尚未出寝、王后尚未离开、且未事先通报的情况下,跨越内门门槛(进入王宫内寝),犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa muddhābhisittassa (syā.) anikkhantarājake aniggataratanake pubbe appaṭisaṃvidito indakhīlaṃ atikkāmeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
499 所谓的“比丘”——在此处应被理解为这样的含义。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓“善生”——即从母系和父系双方都具有纯净的血统,上溯七世祖先皆不被以出身之名讥嫌或毁谤。显示巴利原文
nāma ubhato sujāto hoti, mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko, yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakuṭṭho jātivādena.
所谓“已受灌顶”——即已通过刹帝利的灌顶仪式而即位者。显示巴利原文
nāma khattiyābhisekena abhisitto hoti.
所谓“国王未出寝宫”——即国王尚未从寝宫出来。显示巴利原文
ti rājā sayanigharā anikkhanto hoti.
所谓“王后未出寝宫”——即王后尚未从寝宫出来,或二人均未出来。显示巴利原文
ti mahesī sayanigharā anikkhantā hoti, ubho vā anikkhantā honti.
在这之前,未作通知。显示巴利原文
ti pubbe anāmantetvā.
是指卧室的门坎。显示巴利原文
nāma sayanigharassa ummāro vuccati.
指的是任何地方为国王陈设的卧处,哪怕是用布幔围起来的也算。显示巴利原文
nāma yattha katthaci rañño sayanaṃ paññattaṃ hoti, antamaso sāṇipākāraparikkhittampi.
第一步跨过门坎,犯恶作。第二步跨过,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti paṭhamaṃ pādaṃ ummāraṃ atikkāmeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dutiyaṃ pādaṃ atikkāmeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
500 未经通知而自以为未经通知,跨过门坎,犯波逸提。未经通知而犹豫不决,跨过门坎,犯波逸提。未经通知而自以为已经通知,跨过门坎,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Appaṭisaṃvidite appaṭisaṃviditasaññī indakhīlaṃ atikkāmeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Appaṭisaṃvidite vematiko indakhīlaṃ atikkāmeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Appaṭisaṃvidite paṭisaṃviditasaññī indakhīlaṃ atikkāmeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
已经通知而自以为未经通知,犯恶作。已经通知而犹豫不决,犯恶作。已经通知而自以为已经通知,无罪。显示巴利原文
Paṭisaṃvidite appaṭisaṃviditasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Paṭisaṃvidite vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Paṭisaṃvidite paṭisaṃviditasaññī, anāpatti.
501 无罪的情况:已经通知者;不是刹帝利;未受刹帝利灌顶;国王离开了卧室;王后离开了卧室;两人都离开了;不是在卧室内;精神失常者;最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti paṭisaṃvidite, na khattiyo hoti, na khattiyābhisekena abhisitto hoti, rājā sayanigharā nikkhanto hoti, mahesī sayanigharā nikkhantā hoti, ubho vā nikkhantā honti, na sayanighare, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
2. 宝物学处显示巴利原文
2. Ratanasikkhāpadaṃ
502 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,有一位比丘在阿致罗筏底河里洗澡。有一位婆罗门,把装着五百钱的褡裢放在岸上,到阿致罗筏底河里洗澡,然后就忘记这回事走了。那位比丘心想:'这是那位婆罗门的褡裢,别在这里丢了。'就捡了起来。那位婆罗门后来想起来了,急忙跑回来,对比丘说:'喂,您看到我的褡裢了吗?''给你,婆罗门。'比丘把褡裢递给了他。当时那婆罗门心里想:'我有什么办法,不用供养这位比丘一满钵的?'于是说:'喂,我没有五百钱,我有一千钱。'这样抵赖之后,才把比丘放走。那位比丘回到寺院,把这件事情告诉了诸比丘。那些少欲知足的诸比丘讥嫌、指责、批评说:'比丘怎么可以收受宝物呢?''比丘,你确实收受了宝物吗?''是的,世尊。'佛陀世尊呵责说:'糊涂人,你怎么可以收受宝物!糊涂人,这样做不能令未生信者生信……诸比丘,应当这样诵此学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu aciravatiyā nadiyā nahāyati. Aññataropi brāhmaṇo pañcasatānaṃ thavikaṃ thale nikkhipitvā aciravatiyā nadiyā nahāyanto vissaritvā agamāsi. Atha kho so bhikkhu – ‘‘tassāyaṃ brāhmaṇassa thavikā, mā idha nassī’’ti aggahesi. Atha kho so brāhmaṇo saritvā turito ādhāvitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘api me, bho, thavikaṃ passeyyāsī’’ti? ‘‘Handa, brāhmaṇā’’ti adāsi. Atha kho tassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘‘kena nu kho ahaṃ upāyena imassa bhikkhuno puṇṇapattaṃ na dadeyya’’nti! ‘‘Na me, bho, pañcasatāni, sahassaṃ me’’ti palibundhetvā muñci. Atha kho so bhikkhu ārāmaṃ gantvā bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhu ratanaṃ uggahessatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhikkhu, ratanaṃ uggahesīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, ratanaṃ uggahessasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,拾取或令他人拾取宝物或视同宝物之物者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
503 那时,舍卫城有个节庆。人们打扮得漂漂亮亮地去园林。毗舍佉·弥伽罗母也打扮得漂漂亮亮地从村子出来,心想:‘我去园林又能做什么呢?不如去拜见世尊吧。’于是她解下首饰,用上衣包成一个包裹,交给一个女仆说:‘给,你拿着这个包裹。’然后毗舍佉·弥伽罗母来到世尊那里,向世尊行礼后坐在一边。世尊用佛法开示、鼓励、激励、令她欢喜。毗舍佉·弥伽罗母受到世尊的教法开示、鼓励、激励、欢喜之后,从座位起身,向世尊行礼,右绕后离开。那女仆却忘了那个包裹就走了。诸比丘看见后,将这件事禀告世尊。世尊说:‘那么,诸比丘,你们就去把它收起来存放着吧。’于是,世尊以此因缘、以此事件宣说法语后,对诸比丘说:‘诸比丘,我允许你们在寺院内,若拾得宝物或被认为有价值之物,可以自己捡取或让人捡取并存放起来,心想:“它的主人会来取走”。诸比丘,你们应该这样诵习这条学处——’显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena sāvatthiyā ussavo hoti. Manussā alaṅkatappaṭiyattā uyyānaṃ gacchanti. Visākhāpi migāramātā alaṅkatappaṭiyattā ‘‘uyyānaṃ gamissāmī’’ti gāmato nikkhamitvā – ‘‘kyāhaṃ karissāmi uyyānaṃ gantvā, yaṃnūnāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ payirupāseyya’’nti ābharaṇaṃ omuñcitvā uttarāsaṅgena bhaṇḍikaṃ bandhitvā dāsiyā adāsi – ‘‘handa, je, imaṃ bhaṇḍikaṃ gaṇhāhī’’ti. Atha kho visākhā migāramātā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho visākhaṃ migāramātaraṃ bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho visākhā migāramātā bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassitā samādapitā samuttejitā sampahaṃsitā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho sā dāsī taṃ bhaṇḍikaṃ vissaritvā agamāsi. Bhikkhū passitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, uggahetvā nikkhipathā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, ratanaṃ vā ratanasammataṃ vā ajjhārāme uggahetvā vā uggahāpetvā vā nikkhipituṃ – ‘‘yassa bhavissati so harissatī’’ti. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,拾取或令他人拾取宝物或视同宝物之物,除非在僧园内,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
504 那时,在迦尸国的地方,给孤独长者有一个庄园。长者吩咐他的管家说:‘如果尊者他们来了,你就准备食物。’当时,有众多比丘在迦尸国地方游方,来到给孤独长者的庄园。那管家远远看见那些比丘走来,就上前向诸比丘行礼后说道:‘尊者们,请尊者接受长者明日的食物供养。’诸比丘默然接受了。那管家在那夜过后,准备了美味的嚼食和啖食,派人告知时间,自己解下指环,伺候诸比丘用餐,并说:‘尊者们吃完后就请离开吧,我也要去干活了。’他便忘了指环就走了。诸比丘看见后心想:‘如果我们走了,这枚指环就会丢失。’便留在那里。那管家从干活的地方回来,看见诸比丘后问道:‘尊者们,尊者为什么还在这里?’那些比丘告诉他事情的原委,然后回到舍卫城,将此事告知诸比丘。诸比丘禀告世尊。于是,世尊以此因缘、以此事件宣说法语后,对诸比丘说:‘诸比丘,我允许你们在寺院内或住处内,若拾得宝物或被认为有价值之物,可以自己捡取或让人捡取并存放起来,心想:“它的主人会来取走”。诸比丘,你们应该这样诵习这条学处——’显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena kāsīsu janapade anāthapiṇḍikassa gahapatissa kammantagāmo hoti. Tena ca gahapatinā antevāsī āṇatto hoti – ‘‘sace bhadantā āgacchanti bhattaṃ kareyyāsī’’ti. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū kāsīsu janapade cārikaṃ caramānā yena anāthapiṇḍikassa gahapatissa kammantagāmo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu. Addasā kho so puriso te bhikkhū dūratova āgacchante. Disvāna yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū abhivādetvā etadavoca – ‘‘adhivāsentu, bhante, ayyā svātanāya gahapatino bhatta’’nti. Adhivāsesuṃ kho te bhikkhū tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho so puriso tassā rattiyā accayena paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā kālaṃ ārocāpetvā aṅgulimuddikaṃ omuñcitvā te bhikkhū bhattena parivisitvā – ‘‘ayyā bhuñjitvā gacchantu, ahampi kammantaṃ gamissāmī’’ti aṅgulimuddikaṃ vissaritvā agamāsi. Bhikkhū passitvā – ‘‘sace mayaṃ gamissāma nassissatāyaṃ aṅgulimuddikā’’ti tattheva acchiṃsu. Atha kho so puriso kammantā āgacchanto te bhikkhū passitvā etadavoca – ‘‘kissa, bhante, ayyā idheva acchantī’’ti? Atha kho te bhikkhū tassa purisassa etamatthaṃ ārocetvā sāvatthiṃ gantvā bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, ratanaṃ vā ratanasammataṃ vā ajjhārāme vā ajjhāvasathe vā uggahetvā vā uggahāpetvā vā nikkhipituṃ – yassa bhavissati so harissatī’’ti. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
505 若比丘拾取或令人拾取宝物或视同宝物之物,除非在寺内或住处之中,犯波逸提。若比丘在寺内或住处中拾取或令人拾取宝物或视同宝物之物,应收存「谁的就让谁来取」。这是此中的如法做法。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu ratanaṃ vā ratanasammataṃ vā, aññatra ajjhārāmā vā ajjhāvasathā vā, uggaṇheyya vā uggaṇhāpeyya vā, pācittiyaṃ. Ratanaṃ vā pana bhikkhunā ratanasammataṃ vā ajjhārāme vā ajjhāvasathe vā uggahetvā vā uggahāpetvā vā nikkhipitabbaṃ – ‘yassa bhavissati so harissatī’ti. Ayaṃ tattha sāmīcī’’ti.
506 ‘…(中略)…’这就是此处所指的‘比丘’的含义。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
珍珠、摩尼珠、琉璃、贝螺、宝石、珊瑚、银、金、赤珠、玛瑙。显示巴利原文
nāma muttā maṇi veḷuriyo saṅkho silā pavālaṃ rajataṃ jātarūpaṃ lohitaṅko masāragallaṃ.
所谓人们拿来使用和享受的东西,这就叫做‘被认定为珍宝’。显示巴利原文
nāma yaṃ manussānaṃ upabhogaparibhogaṃ, etaṃ ratanasammataṃ nāma.
除了寺院内、住处内。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā ajjhārāmaṃ ajjhāvasathaṃ.
所谓‘园林’:有围墙的园林,其围墙之内为园林;无围墙的园林,其附近区域为园林。显示巴利原文
nāma parikkhittassa ārāmassa anto ārāmo, aparikkhittassa upacāro.
所谓‘住处’:有围墙的住处,其围墙之内为住处;无围墙的住处,其附近区域为住处。显示巴利原文
nāma parikkhittassa āvasathassa anto āvasatho, aparikkhittassa upacāro.
如果自己拿取,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti sayaṃ gaṇhāti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
如果叫别人拿取,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti aññaṃ gāhāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
应当依据物品的颜色、形状或记号,记下特征后放置一边,然后宣布:‘谁丢了东西,请过来认领。’如果那里有人来,应当问他:‘贤友,你丢的东西是什么样子?’如果他能准确说出颜色、形状或记号等特征,就应把东西给他;如果不能准确描述,则应对他说:‘贤友,你再找找看。’当要离开那座寺院时,如果那里有合适的比丘,就应把东西交到那些比丘手中再离开;如果没有合适的比丘,而那里有合适的居士,就应把东西交到那些居士手中再离开。显示巴利原文
nti rūpena vā nimittena vā saññāṇaṃ katvā nikkhipitvā ācikkhitabbaṃ – ‘‘yassa bhaṇḍaṃ naṭṭhaṃ so āgacchatū’’ti. Sace tattha āgacchati so vattabbo – ‘‘āvuso, kīdisaṃ te bhaṇḍa’’nti? Sace rūpena vā nimittena vā sampādeti dātabbaṃ, no ce sampādeti ‘‘vicināhi āvuso’’ti vattabbo. Tamhā āvāsā pakkamantena ye tattha honti bhikkhū patirūpā, tesaṃ hatthe nikkhipitvā pakkamitabbaṃ. No ce honti bhikkhū patirūpā, ye tattha honti gahapatikā patirūpā, tesaṃ hatthe nikkhipitvā pakkamitabbaṃ.
这在彼处是随顺法。显示巴利原文
ti ayaṃ tattha anudhammatā.
507 无犯者:在寺院内或住处内,为保管宝物或被视为宝物的物品,自行受取或令他人受取后存放(待物主取回)者;依信任关系取用者;借用者;作粪扫衣想者;精神失常者;最初犯行者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ratanaṃ vā ratanasammataṃ vā ajjhārāme vā ajjhāvasathe vā uggahetvā vā uggahāpetvā vā nikkhipati – ‘‘yassa tāvakālikaṃ gaṇhāti, paṃsukūlasaññissa, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
3. 非时入村学处显示巴利原文
3. Vikālagāmappavisanasikkhāpadaṃ
508 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,六群比丘于非时进入村庄后,坐在会堂里谈论各种低俗话题,即:国王话题、盗贼话题、大臣话题、军队话题、恐怖话题、战争话题、食物话题、饮料话题、衣物话题、床座话题、花鬘话题、香料话题、亲戚话题、车辆话题、村庄话题、镇子话题、城市话题、地区话题、女人话题、酒类话题、街巷话题、井边话题、亡灵话题、各种杂谈、世间传说、海洋传说、谈论有与无。人们讥嫌、批评、指责道:'为什么这些沙门释迦子竟然在非时进入村庄后,坐在会堂里谈论各种低俗话题,即:国王话题、盗贼话题……乃至……谈论有与无,就像那些享受欲乐的在家人一样!'显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū vikāle gāmaṃ pavisitvā sabhāyaṃ nisīditvā anekavihitaṃ tiracchānakathaṃ kathenti, seyyathidaṃ – rājakathaṃ corakathaṃ mahāmattakathaṃ senākathaṃ bhayakathaṃ yuddhakathaṃ annakathaṃ pānakathaṃ vatthakathaṃ sayanakathaṃ mālākathaṃ gandhakathaṃ ñātikathaṃ yānakathaṃ gāmakathaṃ nigamakathaṃ nagarakathaṃ janapadakathaṃ itthikathaṃ sūrakathaṃ visikhākathaṃ kumbhaṭṭhānakathaṃ pubbapetakathaṃ nānattakathaṃ lokakkhāyikaṃ samuddakkhāyikaṃ itibhavābhavakathaṃ iti vā. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā vikāle gāmaṃ pavisitvā sabhāyaṃ nisīditvā anekavihitaṃ tiracchānakathaṃ kathessanti, seyyathidaṃ – rājakathaṃ corakathaṃ…pe… itibhavābhavakathaṃ iti vā, seyyathāpi gihī kāmabhogino’’ti!
诸比丘听到那些人讥嫌、批评、指责。那些少欲知足的诸比丘讥嫌、批评、指责道:'为什么六群比丘竟在非时进入村庄后,坐在会堂里谈论各种低俗话题,即:国王话题、盗贼话题……乃至……谈论有与无呢?'……'诸比丘,你们真的在非时进入村庄后,坐在会堂里谈论各种低俗话题,即:国王话题、盗贼话题……乃至……谈论有与无吗?' '是的,世尊。' 佛陀世尊呵责道……'愚人,你们为什么在非时进入村庄后,坐在会堂里谈论各种低俗话题,即:国王话题、盗贼话题……乃至……谈论有与无呢?愚人,这不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——'显示巴利原文
Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū vikāle gāmaṃ pavisitvā sabhāyaṃ nisīditvā anekavihitaṃ tiracchānakathaṃ kathessanti, seyyathidaṃ – rājakathaṃ corakathaṃ…pe… itibhavābhavakathaṃ iti vā’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, vikāle gāmaṃ pavisitvā sabhāyaṃ nisīditvā anekavihitaṃ tiracchānakathaṃ kathetha, seyyathidaṃ – rājakathaṃ corakathaṃ…pe… itibhavābhavakathaṃ iti vāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, vikāle gāmaṃ pavisitvā sabhāyaṃ nisīditvā anekavihitaṃ tiracchānakathaṃ kathessatha, seyyathidaṃ – rājakathaṃ corakathaṃ…pe… itibhavābhavakathaṃ iti vā! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,于非时进入村庄者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
509 当时,众多比丘在憍萨罗国境内游行,前往舍卫城,傍晚时分到达某村庄。人们看见那些比丘后,对他们说道:'尊者,请进来吧。'于是那些比丘心想:'世尊禁止在非时进入村庄。'他们有所顾虑,便没有进入。强盗抢劫了那些比丘。随后,那些比丘到达舍卫城,向诸比丘讲述了这件事。诸比丘向世尊禀报了这件事。于是,世尊以此因缘、以此事由,宣讲法义后,对诸比丘说:'诸比丘,我允许你们在告知后,于非时进入村庄。诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——'显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū kosalesu janapade sāvatthiṃ gacchantā sāyaṃ aññataraṃ gāmaṃ upagacchiṃsu. Manussā te bhikkhū passitvā etadavocuṃ – ‘‘pavisatha, bhante’’ti . Atha kho te bhikkhū – ‘‘bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṃ vikāle gāmaṃ pavisitu’’nti kukkuccāyantā na pavisiṃsu. Corā te bhikkhū acchindiṃsu. Atha kho te bhikkhū sāvatthiṃ gantvā bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, āpucchā vikāle gāmaṃ pavisituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,不告知而非时进入村落者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
510 那时,在憍萨罗国地区,有位比丘前往舍卫城,傍晚时来到了一个村庄。人们见到那位比丘后,对他说:“请进,尊者。”这时,那位比丘心想:“世尊禁止未请求许可就在非时进入村庄。”他心怀不安,没有进去。盗贼们抢劫了那位比丘。之后,那位比丘到了舍卫城,把这件事告诉诸比丘。诸比丘把这件事禀告世尊。于是,世尊以这个因缘、以这件事说法后,对诸比丘说道:“诸比丘,我允许你们请求在场的比丘许可后,在非时进入村庄。而且,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu kosalesu janapade sāvatthiṃ gacchanto sāyaṃ aññataraṃ gāmaṃ upagacchi. Manussā taṃ bhikkhuṃ passitvā etadavocuṃ – ‘‘pavisatha, bhante’’ti. Atha kho so bhikkhu – ‘‘bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṃ anāpucchā vikāle gāmaṃ pavisitu’’nti kukkuccāyanto na pāvisi. Corā taṃ bhikkhuṃ acchindiṃsu. Atha kho so bhikkhu sāvatthiṃ gantvā bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, santaṃ bhikkhuṃ āpucchā vikāle gāmaṃ pavisituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,当有比丘在场时,不告知而非时进入村落者,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
就这样,世尊为诸比丘制定了这条学处。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
511 那时,有一位比丘被蛇咬了。另一位比丘为了取火,前往村庄。那位比丘心想:“世尊禁止不告知在场的比丘就在非时进入村庄。”他心怀不安,没有进去……他们禀告了世尊这件事。于是,世尊以这个因缘、以这件事说法后,对诸比丘说道:“诸比丘,在这样紧急的事务中,我允许你们不告知在场的比丘,也可以在非时进入村庄。而且,你们应这样诵这条学处——”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu ahinā daṭṭho hoti. Aññataro bhikkhu ‘‘aggiṃ āharissāmī’’ti gāmaṃ gacchati. Atha kho so bhikkhu – ‘‘bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṃ santaṃ bhikkhuṃ anāpucchā vikāle gāmaṃ pavisitu’’nti kukkuccāyanto na pāvisi…pe… bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ . Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tathārūpe accāyike karaṇīye santaṃ bhikkhuṃ anāpucchā vikāle gāmaṃ pavisituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
512 若比丘未告知在场比丘,在非时进入村落,除有相应紧急要事外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu santaṃ bhikkhuṃ anāpucchā vikāle gāmaṃ paviseyya, aññatra tathārūpā accāyikā karaṇīyā, pācittiya’’nti.
513 ……这个就是这里所指的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓在场的比丘,是指能够告知后进入的比丘。显示巴利原文
nāma bhikkhu sakkā hoti āpucchā pavisituṃ.
如果那个比丘无法请求许可而进入。显示巴利原文
nāma bhikkhu na sakkā hoti āpucchā pavisituṃ.
从正午过后直到天明。显示巴利原文
nāma majjhanhike vītivatte yāva aruṇuggamanā.
对有围墙的村落,越过围墙时,犯波逸提。对没有围墙的村落,踏入邻近区域时,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti parikkhittassa gāmassa parikkhepaṃ atikkamantassa āpatti pācittiyassa. Aparikkhittassa gāmassa upacāraṃ okkamantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
除了有那样的紧急事情要办。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā tathārūpaṃ accāyikaṃ karaṇīyaṃ.
514 在非时,有非时想,未向在场的比丘请求许可而进入村落,除有那样的紧急事情要办外,犯波逸提。在非时,有疑想,未向在场的比丘请求许可而进入村落,除有那样的紧急事情要办外,犯波逸提。在非时,有时想,未向在场的比丘请求许可而进入村落,除有那样的紧急事情要办外,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Vikāle vikālasaññī santaṃ bhikkhuṃ anāpucchā gāmaṃ pavisati, aññatra tathārūpā accāyikā karaṇīyā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Vikāle vematiko santaṃ bhikkhuṃ anāpucchā gāmaṃ pavisati, aññatra tathārūpā accāyikā karaṇīyā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Vikāle kālasaññī santaṃ bhikkhuṃ anāpucchā gāmaṃ pavisati, aññatra tathārūpā accāyikā karaṇīyā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
在时,有非时想,犯恶作。在时,有疑想,犯恶作。在时,有时想,无罪。显示巴利原文
Kāle vikālasaññī , āpatti dukkaṭassa. Kāle vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Kāle kālasaññī, anāpatti.
515 无罪的情况:有那样的紧急事情要办;向在场的比丘请求许可后进入;没有比丘在场时,未请求许可而进入;去寺院内的另一处园区;去比丘尼的住处;去外道的住处;去返回的住处;道路经过村落;遭遇危难时;精神失常者;最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti tathārūpe accāyike karaṇīye, santaṃ bhikkhuṃ āpucchā pavisati, asantaṃ bhikkhuṃ anāpucchā pavisati, antarārāmaṃ gacchati, bhikkhunupassayaṃ gacchati, titthiyaseyyaṃ gacchati, paṭikkamanaṃ gacchati, gāmena maggo hoti, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
4. 针筒学处显示巴利原文
4. Sūcigharasikkhāpadaṃ
516 那时,佛陀世尊住在释迦族的迦毗罗卫城尼拘律园。那时,有一位象牙师邀请诸比丘说:'哪位尊者需要针筒,我提供针筒。' 那时,诸比丘索要了很多针筒。那些有小针筒的人索要大针筒,那些有大针筒的人索要小针筒。那位象牙师因为要为诸比丘制作大量针筒,没法做其他可卖的商品,自己也过不下去,他的妻儿备受艰辛。人们讥嫌、批评、抱怨说:'这些沙门释迦子怎么不知适量,索要这么多针筒!这个人因为给他们做大量针筒,没法做其他可卖的商品,自己也过不下去,他的妻儿备受艰辛。' 诸比丘听到了那些人讥嫌、批评、抱怨的话。那些少欲的诸比丘……他们讥嫌、批评、抱怨说:'诸比丘怎么不知适量,索要这么多针筒呢?' …… '诸比丘,诸比丘真的不知适量,索要了很多针筒吗?' '是真的,世尊。' 佛陀世尊呵责……说:'诸比丘,这些愚人怎么不知适量,索要这么多针筒呢!诸比丘,这不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵持这条学处——'显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarena dantakārena bhikkhū pavāritā honti – ‘‘yesaṃ ayyānaṃ sūcigharena attho ahaṃ sūcigharenā’’ti. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū bahū sūcighare viññāpenti. Yesaṃ khuddakā sūcigharā te mahante sūcighare viññāpenti. Yesaṃ mahantā sūcigharā te khuddake sūcighare viññāpenti. Atha kho so dantakāro bhikkhūnaṃ bahū sūcighare karonto na sakkoti aññaṃ vikkāyikaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ kātuṃ, attanāpi na yāpeti, puttadāropissa kilamati. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā na mattaṃ jānitvā bahū sūcighare viññāpessanti! Ayaṃ imesaṃ bahū sūcighare karonto na sakkoti aññaṃ vikkāyikaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ kātuṃ, attanāpi na yāpeti, puttadāropissa kilamatī’’ti. Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhū na mattaṃ jānitvā bahū sūcighare viññāpessantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū na mattaṃ jānitvā bahū sūcighare viññāpentīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā na mattaṃ jānitvā bahū sūcighare viññāpessanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
517 若比丘令人以骨、牙或角制作针筒,应予打碎,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu aṭṭhimayaṃ vā dantamayaṃ vā visāṇamayaṃ vā sūcigharaṃ kārāpeyya bhedanakaṃ, pācittiya’’nti.
518 “比丘”这个词,在这段文义中,所指的就是如此这般的……这样的……显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓“骨”,是指任何骨头。显示巴利原文
nāma yaṃ kiñci aṭṭhi.
所谓“牙”,指的是象牙。显示巴利原文
nāma hatthidanto vuccati.
所谓“角”,是指任何角。显示巴利原文
nāma yaṃ kiñci visāṇaṃ.
自己动手做,或者叫人做,在动作进行中,犯恶作。得到物品后,把它打破,然后应该忏出波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
ti karoti vā kārāpeti vā, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena bhinditvā pācittiyaṃ desetabbaṃ.
519 自己开始了工作,由自己来完成,犯波逸提罪。自己开始了工作,由别人来完成,犯波逸提罪。别人开始了工作,由自己来完成,犯波逸提罪。别人开始了工作,由别人来完成,犯波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Attanā vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Attanā vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti , āpatti pācittiyassa . Parehi vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Parehi vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti , āpatti pācittiyassa.
为了别人而自己做,或者叫人做,犯恶作罪。得到别人做的物品后拿来使用,犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Aññassatthāya karoti vā kārāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññena kataṃ paṭilabhitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
520 不犯:用线袋、用取火钻、用杓、用眼药筒、用眼药棒、用剃刀片、用擦水布,精神失常者,最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti gaṇṭhikāya , araṇike, vidhe , añjaniyā, añjanisalākāya, vāsijaṭe, udakapuñchaniyā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
5. 床座学处显示巴利原文
5. Mañcapīṭhasikkhāpadaṃ
521 那时,世尊正住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,具寿优波难陀释迦子睡在一张很高的床上。世尊与众多比丘一起巡视住处,来到了具寿优波难陀释迦子的住所。具寿优波难陀释迦子远远看见世尊走来,看见后对世尊说:“来吧,尊者,请您看看我的床!”于是世尊当下就转身离开,并对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,从住处、从卧具、从意向就应该认出这个愚人。”然后,世尊以种种方式呵责了具寿优波难陀释迦子,说其难以养……等等。接着,世尊说:“诸比丘,你们应当这样诵此学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto ucce mañce sayati. Atha kho bhagavā sambahulehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ senāsanacārikaṃ āhiṇḍanto yenāyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa vihāro tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āgacchatu me, bhante, bhagavā sayanaṃ passatū’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā tatova paṭinivattitvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āsayato, bhikkhave, moghapuriso veditabbo’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā dubbharatāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
522 比丘制作新床或椅时,腿应作八指高(依善逝指),底框除外;若超过此,应截短,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Navaṃ pana bhikkhunā mañcaṃ vā pīṭhaṃ vā kārayamānena aṭṭhaṅgulapādakaṃ kāretabbaṃ sugataṅgulena, aññatra heṭṭhimāya aṭaniyā; taṃ atikkāmayato chedanakaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
523 所谓‘名字’,是就制作方式来说的。显示巴利原文
nāma karaṇaṃ upādāya vuccati.
所谓床有四种:马萨拉卡床、邦地卡巴达床、库利拉巴达卡床、阿哈恰巴达卡床。显示巴利原文
nāma cattāro mañcā – masārako, bundikābaddho, kuḷīrapādako, āhaccapādako.
所谓凳有四种:马萨拉卡凳、邦地卡巴达凳、库利拉巴达卡凳、阿哈恰巴达卡凳。显示巴利原文
nāma cattāri pīṭhāni – masārakaṃ, bundikābaddhaṃ, kuḷīrapādakaṃ, āhaccapādakaṃ.
自己做或让人做。显示巴利原文
ti karonto vā kārāpento vā.
除了下部的床框;若超过那个尺寸自己做或让人做,在制作过程中犯恶作,完成后应切断多余部分并忏悔波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
ti ṭhapetvā heṭṭhimaṃ aṭaniṃ; taṃ atikkāmetvā karoti vā kārāpeti vā, payoge dukkaṭaṃ, paṭilābhena chinditvā pācittiyaṃ desetabbaṃ.
524 自己开始又自己完成,犯波逸提。自己开始而由他人完成,犯波逸提。由他人开始而自己完成,犯波逸提。由他人开始又由他人完成,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Attanā vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Attanā vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Parehi vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Parehi vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
为了别人而做,或者指使别人做,犯恶作。获得别人做好的之后拿来使用,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Aññassatthāya karoti vā kārāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññena kataṃ paṭilabhitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
525 不犯的情况:做成合乎尺寸的;做成小于规定尺寸的;获得别人做好的、超过尺寸的,裁切之后再使用;精神失常者;最初的犯行者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti pamāṇikaṃ karoti, ūnakaṃ karoti, aññena kataṃ pamāṇātikkantaṃ paṭilabhitvā chinditvā paribhuñjati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
6. 棉絮学处显示巴利原文
6. Tūlonaddhasikkhāpadaṃ
526 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。就在那时,六群比丘指使人制作装填棉花的床和椅子。人们在寺院里到处走动,看到之后,生气、批评、指责道:“怎么这些沙门释迦子竟让人制作装填棉花的床和椅子,就像在家的享乐者一样!”诸比丘听到了那些人的生气、批评和指责。那些少欲的诸比丘也生气、批评、指责道:“怎么六群比丘竟让人制作装填棉花的床和椅子!”……“诸比丘,你们真的让人制作装填棉花的床和椅子吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道……“你们这些愚人,怎么竟让人制作装填棉花的床和椅子!愚人们,这不能让没有信心的人产生信心……诸比丘,你们应该这样诵这个学处:显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū mañcampi pīṭhampi tūlonaddhaṃ kārāpenti. Manussā vihāracārikaṃ āhiṇḍantā passitvā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā mañcampi pīṭhampi tūlonaddhaṃ kārāpessanti, seyyathāpi gihī kāmabhogino’’ti ! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū mañcampi pīṭhampi tūlonaddhaṃ kārāpessantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, mañcampi pīṭhampi tūlonaddhaṃ kārāpethāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, mañcampi pīṭhampi tūlonaddhaṃ kārāpessatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
527 若比丘令人以棉填制床或椅,应予拆除,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu mañcaṃ vā pīṭhaṃ vā tūlonaddhaṃ kārāpeyya, uddālanakaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
528 ‘ti yo yādiso’……‘ti’……这里所说的‘比丘’,指的是这个意义上的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
所谓‘床’,有四种:马萨罗伽床、绑帝伽巴达床、库里罗巴达伽床、阿哈恰巴达伽床。显示巴利原文
nāma cattāro mañcā – masārako, bundikābaddho, kuḷīrapādako, āhaccapādako.
所谓‘椅子’,有四种:马萨罗伽椅、绑帝伽巴达椅、库里罗巴达伽椅、阿哈恰巴达伽椅。显示巴利原文
nāma cattāri pīṭhāni – masārakaṃ, bundikābaddhaṃ, kuḷīrapādakaṃ, āhaccapādakaṃ.
名为三种绵:树绵、蔓绵、布绵。显示巴利原文
nāma tīṇi tūlāni – rukkhatūlaṃ, latātūlaṃ, poṭakitūlaṃ.
若自制或让人制作,在操作过程中犯恶作。得到物品后,应拆掉再忏悔波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti karoti vā kārāpeti vā, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena uddāletvā pācittiyaṃ desetabbaṃ.
529 自己开始做,自己完成,犯波逸提。自己开始做,由他人完成,犯波逸提。他人开始做,自己完成,犯波逸提。他人开始做,由他人完成,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Attanā vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Attanā vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Parehi vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Parehi vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
若为别人制作或让人制作,犯恶作。得到别人做的而使用,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Aññassatthāya karoti vā kārāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññena kataṃ paṭilabhitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
530 无犯的情况:在带子、腰带、肩带、钵袋、滤水囊、制作枕头时,得到别人做的并拆开使用,精神失常者,最初犯者不犯。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti āyoge, kāyabandhane, aṃsabaddhake, pattathavikāya, parissāvane, bibbohanaṃ karoti, aññena kataṃ paṭilabhitvā uddāletvā paribhuñjati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
7. 坐具学处显示巴利原文
7. Nisīdanasikkhāpadaṃ
531 那时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,世尊允许诸比丘使用坐具。六群比丘心想:“世尊允许坐具了!”便持用无尺寸的坐具,让坐具从床和凳的前后两边垂挂下来。那些少欲的诸比丘……他们讥嫌、批评、指责:“六群比丘怎么能持用无尺寸的坐具呢!”……世尊问:“诸比丘,你们真的持用无尺寸的坐具吗?”“真的,世尊。”佛世尊呵责:“愚人!你们怎能持用无尺寸的坐具!这不能让未生信者生信……”接着又说:“诸比丘,应这样诵这学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ nisīdanaṃ anuññātaṃ hoti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū – ‘‘bhagavatā nisīdanaṃ anuññāta’’nti appamāṇikāni nisīdanāni dhārenti. Mañcassapi pīṭhassapi puratopi pacchatopi olambenti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū appamāṇikāni nisīdanāni dhāressantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, appamāṇikāni nisīdanāni dhārethāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, appamāṇikāni nisīdanāni dhāressatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
任何比丘,制作坐具时,应依量制作。此中之量是:长二张手(依善逝张手),宽一张半。若超过此,应截短,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
nti.
如此,此学处由世尊为诸比丘制立。显示巴利原文
Evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
532 那时,具寿优陀夷体型十分高大。他在世尊面前铺好坐毡,坐下去的时候,把坐毡往四下里拉扯舒展。于是,世尊对具寿优陀夷说:“优陀夷,你为什么把坐毡往四下里扯来扯去,活像个发霉的老谷仓?” “尊者,因为世尊准许诸比丘用的坐毡实在太小了呀。” 于是,世尊就以这个因缘、由这件事为起点,做了法的开示,然后对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我允许坐毡有十拃长。而且,诸比丘,你们应该这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā udāyī mahākāyo hoti. So bhagavato purato nisīdanaṃ paññapetvā samantato samañchamāno nisīdati. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kissa tvaṃ, udāyi, nisīdanaṃ samantato samañchasi; seyyathāpi purāṇāsikoṭṭho’’ti? ‘‘Tathā hi pana, bhante, bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ atikhuddakaṃ nisīdanaṃ anuññāta’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, nisīdanassa dasaṃ vidatthiṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
533 比丘制作坐具时应依量制作。此中之量是:长二张手(依善逝张手),宽一张半,边缘一张手;若超过此,应截短,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Nisīdanaṃ pana bhikkhunā kārayamānena pamāṇikaṃ kāretabbaṃ. Tatridaṃ pamāṇaṃ – dīghaso dve vidatthiyo, sugatavidatthiyā; tiriyaṃ diyaḍḍhaṃ. Dasā vidatthi. Taṃ atikkāmayato chedanakaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
534 “——这就叫有十拃半。”显示巴利原文
nāma sadasaṃ vuccati.
无论是自己制作,还是叫人制作,都应该按照标准尺寸来做。这里所说的标准尺寸是:长两拃,以善逝拃为准;宽一拃半。边的部分是一拃。如果超出这个尺寸,自己制作或叫人制作,在制作过程中犯恶作。做成拿到手之后,应该裁掉,然后忏出波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti karonto vā kārāpento vā pamāṇikaṃ kāretabbaṃ. Tatridaṃ pamāṇaṃ – dīghaso dve vidatthiyo, sugatavidatthiyā; tiriyaṃ diyaḍḍhaṃ. Dasā vidatthi. Taṃ atikkāmetvā karoti vā kārāpeti vā, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena chinditvā pācittiyaṃ desetabbaṃ.
535 自己起头做的,由自己来完成,犯波逸提。自己起头做的,由别人来完成,犯波逸提。别人起头做的,由自己来完成,犯波逸提。别人起头做的,由别人来完成,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Attanā vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Attanā vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Parehi vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Parehi vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
为别人而制作,或叫人制作,犯恶作。拿到别人做好的来使用,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Aññassatthāya karoti vā kārāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññena kataṃ paṭilabhitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
536 无犯的情况是:按标准尺寸做;做得比标准小;拿到别人做的超尺寸的,裁掉之后再使用;做成天篷、地毯、布幔、褥子或枕头;精神失常者;最初犯戒者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti pamāṇikaṃ karoti, ūnakaṃ karoti, aññena kataṃ pamāṇātikkantaṃ paṭilabhitvā chinditvā paribhuñjati, vitānaṃ vā bhūmattharaṇaṃ vā sāṇipākāraṃ vā bhisiṃ vā bibbohanaṃ vā karoti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
8. 疥疮衣学处显示巴利原文
8. Kaṇḍuppaṭicchādisikkhāpadaṃ
537 那时,佛陀世尊正住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。就在那时候,世尊准许诸比丘使用搔痒覆疮衣。六群比丘心想:“世尊准许了搔痒覆疮衣”,于是就穿着没有标准尺寸的搔痒覆疮衣,走路时前后拖曳着晃来晃去。那些少欲知足的诸比丘……都呵责、批评、非难道:“六群比丘怎么可以穿没有标准尺寸的搔痒覆疮衣呢?” …… “诸比丘,你们真的穿着没有标准尺寸的搔痒覆疮衣吗?” “是真的,世尊。” 佛陀世尊呵责了…… “你们这些愚痴人,怎么能穿没有标准尺寸的搔痒覆疮衣呢!愚痴人,这既不能让没有信心的人生起信心…… 诸比丘,你们应该这样诵出这条学处——显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ kaṇḍuppaṭicchādi anuññātā hoti . Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū – ‘‘bhagavatā kaṇḍuppaṭicchādi anuññātā’’ti appamāṇikāyo kaṇḍuppaṭicchādiyo dhārenti; puratopi pacchatopi ākaḍḍhantā āhiṇḍanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū appamāṇikāyo kaṇḍuppaṭicchādiyo dhāressantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, appamāṇikāyo kaṇḍuppaṭicchādiyo dhārethāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, appamāṇikāyo kaṇḍuppaṭicchādiyo dhāressatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
538 比丘制作覆疮衣时应依量制作。此中之量是:长四张手(依善逝张手),宽二张手;若超过此,应截短,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Kaṇḍuppaṭicchādiṃ pana bhikkhunā kārayamānena pamāṇikā kāretabbā. Tatridaṃ pamāṇaṃ – dīghaso catasso vidatthiyo, sugatavidatthiyā; tiriyaṃ dve vidatthiyo. Taṃ atikkāmayato chedanakaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
539 所谓‘覆痒衣’,是指为了遮盖肚脐以下、膝盖以上部位所生的痒、疙瘩、流脓或严重疥癣等疾病而用的布。显示巴利原文
nāma yassa adhonābhi ubbhajāṇumaṇḍalaṃ kaṇḍu vā pīḷakā vā assāvo vā thullakacchu vā ābādho, tassa paṭicchādanatthāya.
自己制作或让人制作。应做成符合尺寸的。这里所说的尺寸是:长度上,用善逝张手量,为四张手;宽度上,为两张手。若超过此尺寸,自己制作或让人制作,在制作的过程中犯恶作。获得后,须裁切后方可使用,并应忏悔波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti karonto vā kārāpento vā . Pamāṇikā kāretabbā. Tatridaṃ pamāṇaṃ – dīghaso catasso vidatthiyo, sugatavidatthiyā; tiriyaṃ dve vidatthiyo. Taṃ atikkāmetvā karoti vā kārāpeti vā, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena chinditvā pācittiyaṃ desetabbaṃ.
540 若自己开始制作,自己完成,犯波逸提。若自己开始制作,让他人完成,犯波逸提。若他人开始制作,自己完成,犯波逸提。若他人开始制作,他人完成,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
Attanā vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Attanā vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Parehi vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Parehi vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
若为他人而制作或让人制作,犯恶作。从他人处获得已制成的[超标物]并使用,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Aññassatthāya karoti vā kārāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññena kataṃ paṭilabhitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
541 无罪的情况是:做成符合尺寸的;做成不足尺寸的;从他人处获得超过尺寸的成品,裁切后使用;用来做天盖、地毯、帷幕、褥垫或枕头;对精神失常者;对最初犯行者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti pamāṇikaṃ karoti, ūnakaṃ karoti, aññena kataṃ pamāṇātikkantaṃ paṭilabhitvā chinditvā paribhuñjati, vitānaṃ vā bhūmattharaṇaṃ vā sāṇipākāraṃ vā bhisiṃ vā bibbohanaṃ vā karoti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
4. 雨季浴衣学处显示巴利原文
9. Vassikasāṭikāsikkhāpadaṃ
542 那时,佛陀世尊正住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,世尊已允许诸比丘使用雨浴衣。六群比丘心想:‘世尊已允许雨浴衣了’,便穿着不合尺寸的雨浴衣。他们前后拖曳着,到处游荡。那些少欲的诸比丘……谴责、批评、指责说:‘六群比丘怎能穿着不合尺寸的雨浴衣呢?’……‘诸比丘,你们确实穿着不合尺寸的雨浴衣吗?’‘确实如此,世尊。’佛陀世尊呵责道……‘你们这些愚人,怎能穿着不合尺寸的雨浴衣呢!愚人们,这既不能让未生信者生信……’‘那么,诸比丘,应这样诵出此学处:’显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ vassikasāṭikā anuññātā hoti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū – ‘‘bhagavatā vassikasāṭikā anuññātā’’ti appamāṇikāyo vassikasāṭikāyo dhārenti. Puratopi pacchatopi ākaḍḍhantā āhiṇḍanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū appamāṇikāyo vassikasāṭikāyo dhāressantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, appamāṇikāyo vassikasāṭikāyo dhārethāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, appamāṇikāyo vassikasāṭikāyo dhāressatha! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
543 比丘制作雨浴衣时应依量制作。此中之量是:长六张手(依善逝张手),宽二张半;若超过此,应截短,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
‘‘Vassikasāṭikaṃ pana bhikkhunā kārayamānena pamāṇikā kāretabbā. Tatridaṃ pamāṇaṃ – dīghaso cha vidatthiyo, sugatavidatthiyā; tiriyaṃ aḍḍhateyyā. Taṃ atikkāmayato chedanakaṃ pācittiya’’nti.
544 所谓‘雨浴衣’,是为雨季四个月而用。显示巴利原文
nāma vassānassa catumāsatthāya.
自己作或令他人作。应依量而作。在那裏,其量如此:长度六张手,以善逝张手;宽度二张半。若超过那量而自作或令他人作,在制作时犯恶作。获得后,须裁切后,忏出波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti karonto vā kārāpento vā. Pamāṇikā kāretabbā . Tatridaṃ pamāṇaṃ – dīghaso cha vidatthiyo, sugatavidatthiyā; tiriyaṃ aḍḍhateyyā. Taṃ atikkāmetvā karoti vā kārāpeti vā, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena chinditvā pācittiyaṃ desetabbaṃ.
545 自己开始作、自己完成,波逸提罪。自己开始作、由他人完成,波逸提罪。由他人开始作、自己完成,波逸提罪。由他人开始作、由他人完成,波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Attanā vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Attanā vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Parehi vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Parehi vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
为了他人而自作或令他人作,恶作罪。获得他人所作[超量物]后使用,恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Aññassatthāya karoti vā kārāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññena kataṃ paṭilabhitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
546 无犯:制作合量的,制作不足量的,获得他人所作超量的但裁切后使用,作天篷或地敷或幕墙或床垫或枕头,疯癫者,最初犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti pamāṇikaṃ karoti, ūnakaṃ karoti, aññena kataṃ pamāṇātikkantaṃ paṭilabhitvā chinditvā paribhuñjati, vitānaṃ vā bhūmattharaṇaṃ vā sāṇipākāraṃ vā bhisiṃ vā bibbohanaṃ vā karoti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
10. 难陀学处显示巴利原文
10. Nandasikkhāpadaṃ
547 那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,具寿难陀是世尊姨母之子,长相英俊,好看养眼,令人喜爱,比世尊低四指。他穿着与善逝衣等量的衣服。上座诸比丘看见具寿难陀从远处走来,看见后,心想‘世尊来了’便从座位起身。他们等到走近知道后,便讥嫌、批评、呵责:‘具寿难陀怎么能穿与善逝衣等量的衣服呢!’……‘难陀,你真的穿着与善逝衣等量的衣服吗?’‘是的,世尊。’佛陀世尊呵责……‘难陀,你怎么能穿与善逝衣等量的衣服呢!这不能让未生信心者生信……诸比丘,应当这样诵此学处——’显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā nando bhagavato mātucchāputto abhirūpo hoti dassanīyo pāsādiko caturaṅgulomako bhagavatā . So sugatacīvarappamāṇaṃ cīvaraṃ dhāreti. Addasaṃsu kho therā bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ nandaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna – ‘‘bhagavā āgacchatī’’ti āsanā vuṭṭhahanti. Te upagate jānitvā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā nando sugatacīvarappamāṇaṃ cīvaraṃ dhāressatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, nanda, sugatacīvarappamāṇaṃ cīvaraṃ dhāresīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, nanda, sugatacīvarappamāṇaṃ cīvaraṃ dhāressasi! Netaṃ, nanda, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
548 若比丘制作如善逝衣量大小的衣、或更大,应截短,犯波逸提。此中善逝的善逝衣量是:长九张手(依善逝张手),宽六张手——这就是善逝的善逝衣量。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu sugatacīvarappamāṇaṃ cīvaraṃ kārāpeyya atirekaṃ vā, chedanakaṃ pācittiyaṃ . Tatridaṃ sugatassa sugatacīvarappamāṇaṃ – dīghaso nava vidatthiyo, sugatavidatthiyā; tiriyaṃ cha vidatthiyo. Idaṃ sugatassa sugatacīvarappamāṇa’’nti.
549 ……比丘者,在此意义上被指称的比丘。显示巴利原文
ti yo yādiso…pe… ti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
长度而言,九张手,按善逝张手来算;宽度则是六张手。显示巴利原文
nāma dīghaso nava vidatthiyo, sugatavidatthiyā; tiriyaṃ cha vidatthiyo.
自己制作或叫人制作,在制作过程中犯恶作。当获得成品时,裁切后应忏悔,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
ti karoti vā kārāpeti vā, payoge dukkaṭaṃ. Paṭilābhena chinditvā pācittiyaṃ desetabbaṃ.
550 自己开始制作的,由自己完成,犯波逸提罪。自己开始制作的,由别人完成,犯波逸提罪。别人开始制作的,由自己完成,犯波逸提罪。别人开始制作的,由别人完成,犯波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
Attanā vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Attanā vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Parehi vippakataṃ attanā pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Parehi vippakataṃ parehi pariyosāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
为了别人而做,或叫人做,犯恶作罪。获得了别人所做的成品后拿来使用,犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Aññassatthāya karoti vā kārāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Aññena kataṃ paṭilabhitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
551 无犯的情况:制作不足量的;获得别人所做的成品,裁切后再使用;用来做顶篷、地毯、帘幕、床垫或枕头;精神失常者;最初的犯者。显示巴利原文
Anāpatti ūnakaṃ karoti, aññena kataṃ paṭilabhitvā chinditvā paribhuñjati, vitānaṃ vā bhūmattharaṇaṃ vā sāṇipākāraṃ vā bhisiṃ vā bibbohanaṃ vā karoti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
还有国王所拥有的珍宝、针、床和棉垫;
坐垫、搔痒布、雨浴衣,这些都是善逝所允许的。
显示巴利原文 Rañño ca ratanaṃ santaṃ, sūci mañcañca tūlikaṃ; Nisīdanañca kaṇḍuñca, vassikā sugatena cāti.
尊者们,九十二条波逸提法已经诵出。在此,我问诸位尊者:“对此,你们是否完全清净?”第二次我问:“对此,你们是否完全清净?”第三次我问:“对此,你们是否完全清净?”诸位尊者对此完全清净,因此保持沉默。我如此记住此情形。显示巴利原文
Uddiṭṭhā kho, āyasmanto, dvenavuti pācittiyā dhammā. Tatthāyasmante pucchāmi – ‘‘kaccittha parisuddhā’’? Dutiyampi pucchāmi – ‘‘kaccittha parisuddhā’’? Tatiyampi pucchāmi – ‘‘kaccittha parisuddhā’’? Parisuddhetthāyasmanto, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmīti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册 Pali 中文(经文用名) 角色 Bhagavā 世尊 佛陀,制定学处者 chabbaggiyā bhikkhū 六群比丘 犯下多种威仪过错,引发学处制定 bhikkhū 诸比丘 听闻、呵责不当行为并禀告世尊的比丘众 Hatthako Sakyaputto 释迦子哈塔咖 与外道争论时故意说谎的比丘 titthiyā 外道 与哈塔咖争论,被其妄语欺骗者 aññataro brāhmaṇo 婆罗门 过去世打赌的公牛主人 Nandivisālo balībaddo 难提维娑罗 过去世因受辱骂而拒绝拉车的公牛 Āyasmā Nando 具寿难陀 世尊姨母之子,因穿着与善逝衣等量之衣引发学处
事件 释迦族比丘哈塔咖在与外道争论时,故意颠倒事实,认后又否,否后又认,并直言“外道应以任何方式被战胜”。诸比丘闻听外道讥嫌,呵责哈塔咖后禀告佛陀。佛陀以此因缘召集比丘,呵责其以妄语求胜的行为,并首次制定了“若比丘故意妄语,犯巴吉帝亚”的学处。经文中详尽罗列了涉及“见、闻、觉、知”的各类妄语心理状态与情形。
随后,因六群比丘与良善比丘争论时,以出身、名字、技艺、疾病等十种方式辱骂对方,佛陀呵责他们,并讲述了“过去婆罗门因辱骂公牛‘蠢货’而输掉赌局,改称‘贤者’后公牛才拉车获胜”的本生故事,以此教导辱骂之过,并制定轻蔑语学处。
经文后半部分,针对六群比丘及难德比丘的穿着行为,佛陀相继制定了关于搔痒布、雨浴衣、佛陀衣量等物品尺寸标准的系列学处,规定了比丘使用这些物品的合法尺寸及制作、受用规则。
经文摘要 佛陀因释迦族哈塔咖为求胜而故意妄语(1.妄语品)→ 制立“故意妄语巴吉帝亚”,详析见闻觉知妄语的种种相;接着因六群比丘辱骂同修并引公牛本生故事(2.轻蔑语学处)→ 制立辱骂学处;最后因比丘衣着不当(搔痒布、雨浴衣、像佛衣等)→ 制立一系列物品尺寸相关的学处。
中心思想 这部分经文的核心,不是枯燥地罗列戒条,而是用活生生的案例展示:出家修行者如何被世俗的“求胜心”、“傲慢心”和“虚荣心”牵着走,以及佛陀如何一把拽回来。
第一层:言语不可为武器
哈塔咖觉得为了“战胜”外道,撒谎是可以的。佛陀直接呵斥这种把妄语合理化的逻辑,毫不含糊地定下规矩:凡故意说假话,就犯戒。经文不厌其烦地列举“未见说见、已闻说未闻”等各种排列组合,就是要彻底堵死所有耍小聪明的借口。“事前有‘我将说妄语’,说时有‘我正在说妄语’,说后有‘妄语已被我说’”—— 这拆开看,佛陀是在强调:一个完整的妄语,是由起心动念、表达动作和事后确认三部分构成的,只要这三环在心里都转了一遍,哪怕只是颠倒了“见”与“闻”这些微细心所,也全算犯戒。→ 一句话要旨: 真实语不只是嘴里的话,它是从起念到认账的整个心理过程的诚实。
第二层:语言暴力比物理伤害更深远
当六群比丘用出身、长相、技能、疾病等去戳他人痛处时,佛陀讲了一个极生动的故事:公牛听到主人喊“蠢货”就直接罢工,听到“贤者”就能拉动百辆大车。这说明,粗恶语对任何生命(包括动物)都是一种实实在在的伤害,它是一种心灵上的“鞭打”。“比丘们,那时对我来说,责骂、诽谤也是不可意的”—— 拆开看:佛陀拿自己过去世的感受作标杆来反问,让比丘们设身处地。你自己被骂一句都不爽,为何觉得骂同修就能随口来?→ 一句话要旨: 轻蔑语的本质是不把对方当作有尊严的生命来对待,而一个修行团体的和合,靠的是尊重,不是侮辱。
第三层:衣食住行皆是道场
后半部分看似琐碎的“衣服尺寸”规定,其实是检验内心的标尺。难德比丘因为相貌、血缘特别优越,就穿着像佛陀一样的衣服,让同修远远看到误以为是老师来了。这件事的症结不是那几指宽的布料,而是微妙的自我凸显。佛陀为雨浴衣、搔痒布都定下精确尺寸,意思是:身体的养护以遮羞和治病的“合用”为界,任何“过量”或模仿权威的穿戴,都会成为滋长骄慢和无明追逐的土壤。→ 一句话要旨: 日用物品的尺度,最终规束的是心的尺度;少欲知足,就是在外物上不越雷池一步。
关键术语锚 - Saccaṃ → 谛/真理/实语 :在本篇易错译为抽象的真理。此处特指与事实相符的言语,即实语。若理解成哲学上的“真理”,会忽略它作为戒行基础的具体行为要求。
- Vihāra → 住/安住(心境) /寺院 :本篇特指“祇树给孤独园”这个具体的寺院。但易与“心的安住状态”(亦为vihāra)混淆。在此清晰指向地理上的僧团住所,是戒行发生的空间背景。
- Diṭṭhi → 见/见解 :在妄语分析中反复出现的“舍弃己见”,是指当事者为了说谎,刻意回避、扭曲或替换掉自己内心真实的认知。此处的“见”不是世界观(常见、断见),而是指当下对事实的直接认知,易被误解为抽象的理论见解。