1. 净信心经
1. Pasannacittasuttaṃ
21此是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
“比丘们,在此,我以心洞彻其心后,这样了知一个心净信的人:‘若此人此刻命终,便如同被送至该处一般,生于天界。’为什么呢?比丘们,因为他的心是净信的。比丘们,正是由于心净信,有些众生在身坏命终之后,会投生善趣、天界。”这是世尊所宣说的义理。与此相关,有如是说——
‘‘Idhāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ekaccaṃ puggalaṃ pasannacittaṃ evaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāmi – ‘imamhi cāyaṃ samaye puggalo kālaṃ kareyya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge’. Taṃ kissa hetu? Cittaṃ hissa, bhikkhave, pasannaṃ. Cetopasādahetu kho pana, bhikkhave, evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
“了知于此有一人,心怀净信;
佛陀在诸比丘面前,阐明了此义理。
“若此人于此时命终,
此人便会投生善趣,因为他的心已清净得信。
“犹如搬移弃置,那种人也正是这样被舍弃;
正是由于澄净之心,众生得以往生善趣。”
‘‘Pasannacittaṃ ñatvāna, ekaccaṃ idha puggalaṃ; Etamatthañca byākāsi, buddho bhikkhūna santike. ‘‘Imamhi cāyaṃ samaye, kālaṃ kayirātha puggalo; Sugatiṃ upapajjeyya, cittaṃ hissa pasāditaṃ. ‘‘Yathā haritvā nikkhipeyya, evameva tathāvidho; Cetopasādahetu hi, sattā gacchanti suggati’’nti.
此义理亦为世尊所说,如是我闻。第八经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
22此是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
“诸比丘,莫畏福德。诸比丘,‘福德’正是快乐、可爱、可意、适意的同义词。诸比丘,我确实忆及长久以来所修福业,曾体验到可爱、可意、适意的果报。我修习慈心七年,于七个坏劫与成劫中,不再来到此世间。诸比丘,在劫坏之时,我生于光音天;在劫成之时,我生于空梵宫。”
‘‘Mā, bhikkhave, puññānaṃ bhāyittha . Sukhassetaṃ, bhikkhave, adhivacanaṃ iṭṭhassa kantassa piyassa manāpassa yadidaṃ puññāni . Abhijānāmi kho panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, dīgharattaṃ katānaṃ puññānaṃ iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ piyaṃ manāpaṃ vipākaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ. Satta vassāni mettacittaṃ bhāvetvā satta saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe nayimaṃ lokaṃ punarāgamāsiṃ. Saṃvaṭṭamāne sudaṃ, bhikkhave, kappe ābhassarūpago homi; vivaṭṭamāne kappe suññaṃ brahmavimānaṃ upapajjāmi.
“于彼处,诸比丘,我即是大梵天王、大梵天王、征服者、不为他所征服者、遍见一切者、自在主。诸比丘,我又三十六次成为帝释天神,即诸天神之王;又数百次成为转轮王,以法为正、以法为王的法王,征服四方,国土安稳,具足七宝。更不必说做地方小王之事了!”
‘‘Tatra sudaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmā homi mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī. Chattiṃsakkhattuṃ kho panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sakko ahosiṃ devānamindo; anekasatakkhattuṃ rājā ahosiṃ cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Ko pana vādo padesarajjassa!
“诸比丘,那时我心想:‘这是我何等业的结果,何等业的果报,令我如今具有如此大的神力、如此大的威力?’诸比丘,我心想:‘这是三种业的结果,三种业的果报,令我如今具有如此大的神力与威力,即:布施、调伏与自制。’”世尊说了此义理。关于此义理,如是说:
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, etadahosi – ‘kissa nu kho me idaṃ kammassa phalaṃ, kissa kammassa vipāko, yenāhaṃ etarahi evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo’ti? Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, etadahosi – ‘tiṇṇaṃ kho me idaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ kammānaṃ vipāko, yenāhaṃ etarahi evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvoti, seyyathidaṃ – dānassa, damassa, saññamassā’’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
“唯当修习福德,其果长远、殊胜,能带来安乐;
“应修习布施、正行,并培育慈心。”
‘‘Puññameva so sikkheyya, āyataggaṃ sukhudrayaṃ; Dānañca samacariyañca, mettacittañca bhāvaye. ‘‘Ete dhamme bhāvayitvā, tayo sukhasamuddaye ;
智者投生于无恼害的安乐世界。”
Abyāpajjhaṃ sukhaṃ lokaṃ, paṇḍito upapajjatī’’ti.
此义理亦为世尊所说,如是我闻。第七经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Sattamaṃ.
3. 两义经
3. Ubhayatthasuttaṃ
23此是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
“诸比丘,有一法,修习、多修习之后,能稳固地获得两种利益:现世之利与来世之利。哪一法?即于诸善法中的不放逸。诸比丘,正是此一法,修习、多修习之后,能稳固地获得两种利益:现世之利与来世之利。”
‘‘Ekadhammo , bhikkhave, bhāvito bahulīkato ubho atthe samadhigayha tiṭṭhati – diṭṭhadhammikañceva atthaṃ samparāyikañca. Katamo ekadhammo? Appamādo kusalesu dhammesu. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, ekadhammo bhāvito bahulīkato ubho atthe samadhigayha tiṭṭhati – diṭṭhadhammikañceva atthaṃ samparāyikañcā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
“智者于诸福德业中,称扬不放逸;
不放逸的智者,能证得两种利益。
“现世的利益,以及来世的利益。
因通达此义,坚定者便被称为智者。”
‘‘Appamādaṃ pasaṃsanti, puññakiriyāsu paṇḍitā; Appamatto ubho atthe, adhigaṇhāti paṇḍito. ‘‘Diṭṭhe dhamme ca yo attho, yo cattho samparāyiko; Atthābhisamayā dhīro, paṇḍitoti pavuccatī’’ti.
此义理亦为世尊所说,如是我闻。第十经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dasamaṃ.
4. 骨聚经
4. Aṭṭhipuñjasuttaṃ
24此是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
“诸比丘,一个人在一劫之中流转轮回,其所积聚的骸骨、骨堆、骨聚,多到犹如毗富罗山(Vepulla)那般高大——假若有人能收集这些骨头,且所收集的不会毁坏。”世尊宣说了此义理。关于此,是这样说的——
‘‘Ekapuggalassa, bhikkhave, kappaṃ sandhāvato saṃsarato siyā evaṃ mahā aṭṭhikaṅkalo aṭṭhipuñjo aṭṭhirāsi yathāyaṃ vepullo pabbato; sace saṃhārako assa, sambhatañca na vinasseyyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
“仅以一劫计,一人之骨聚,
所积骨堆可如山一般大,此为大圣者所说。
“而这被宣说的韦布喇大山,
在摩揭陀人(Magadha)的吉利婆阇王舍城,灵鹫山(Gijjhakūṭa)之北。
“当以正慧见圣谛时,
便见苦、苦之集、苦之灭,
及导向苦息灭的圣八支道。
“此人流转最多七次,
便作苦之终结,由断尽一切结缚故。”
‘‘Ekassekena kappena, puggalassaṭṭhisañcayo; Siyā pabbatasamo rāsi, iti vuttaṃ mahesinā. ‘‘So kho panāyaṃ akkhāto, vepullo pabbato mahā; Uttaro gijjhakūṭassa, magadhānaṃ giribbaje. ‘‘Yato ca ariyasaccāni, sammappaññāya passati; Dukkhaṃ dukkhasamuppādaṃ, dukkhassa ca atikkamaṃ; Ariyañcaṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ. ‘‘Sa sattakkhattuṃ paramaṃ, sandhāvitvāna puggalo; Dukkhassantakaro hoti, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayā’’ti.
此义理亦为世尊所说,如是我闻。第七经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Sattamaṃ.
5. 妄语经
5. Musāvādasuttaṃ
25此是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
“诸比丘,我说:对违犯这一法的人而言,没有哪一种恶业是他不会造的。是哪一法呢?诸比丘,即是明知而妄语。”世尊宣说了此义理。对此,如是说:
‘‘Ekadhammaṃ atītassa, bhikkhave, purisapuggalassa nāhaṃ tassa kiñci pāpakammaṃ akaraṇīyanti vadāmi. Katamaṃ ekadhammaṃ? Yadidaṃ bhikkhave, sampajānamusāvādo’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
“对于那违犯一法的妄语者,
对于已不顾及来世的人,便没有什么恶事做不出来。”
‘‘Ekadhammaṃ atītassa, musāvādissa jantuno; Vitiṇṇaparalokassa, natthi pāpaṃ akāriya’’nti.
此义理亦为世尊所说,如是我闻。第六经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
26此是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
“诸比丘,倘若众生能如我一般了知布施与分享的果报,他们便不会不先布施而进食,悭吝的垢染也不会占据他们的心。即使只剩最后一口食物、最后一口饭,只要尚有受施者,他们也决不未加分享便自行食用。然而,诸比丘,正因为众生未能如我这般了知布施与分享的果报,所以才不布施便进食,悭吝的垢染也就盘踞了他们的心。”
‘‘Evañce, bhikkhave, sattā jāneyyuṃ dānasaṃvibhāgassa vipākaṃ yathāhaṃ jānāmi, na adatvā bhuñjeyyuṃ, na ca nesaṃ maccheramalaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭheyya. Yopi nesaṃ assa carimo ālopo carimaṃ kabaḷaṃ, tatopi na asaṃvibhajitvā bhuñjeyyuṃ, sace nesaṃ paṭiggāhakā assu. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, sattā na evaṃ jānanti dānasaṃvibhāgassa vipākaṃ yathāhaṃ jānāmi, tasmā adatvā bhuñjanti, maccheramalañca nesaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
“如果众生能如大仙所教导的那般了知,
分享的果报是何等的广大,
“去除悭吝的垢染,以清净明澈之心,
他们适时地向圣者布施,那样的布施才有大果报。
“向众多应受供养者,施与丰足的食物作为供养;
布施者从人界命终之后,转生天界。
“他们到了天界,在那里享受着种种渴求的欲乐,欢欣喜悦;
不吝啬者,便这样体验分享布施的果报。”
‘‘Evaṃ ce sattā jāneyyuṃ, yathāvuttaṃ mahesinā; Vipākaṃ saṃvibhāgassa, yathā hoti mahapphalaṃ. ‘‘Vineyya maccheramalaṃ, vippasannena cetasā; Dajjuṃ kālena ariyesu, yattha dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ. ‘‘Annañca datvā bahuno, dakkhiṇeyyesu dakkhiṇaṃ; Ito cutā manussattā, saggaṃ gacchanti dāyakā. ‘‘Te ca saggagatā tattha, modanti kāmakāmino; Vipākaṃ saṃvibhāgassa, anubhonti amaccharā’’ti.
此义理亦为世尊所说,如是我闻。第一经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Paṭhamaṃ.
7. 慈心修习经
7. Mettābhāvanāsuttaṃ
27此是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
“诸比丘,一切世间福德之事,皆不及慈心解脱的十六分之一。那慈心解脱统摄并超越它们之后,闪耀、照亮、放射光芒。
‘‘Yāni kānici, bhikkhave, opadhikāni puññakiriyavatthūni sabbāni tāni mettāya cetovimuttiyā kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasiṃ. Mettāyeva tāni cetovimutti adhiggahetvā bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca.
“诸比丘,正如一切星辰的光芒,皆不及月光十六分之一,月光统摄并超越它们而闪耀、照亮、放射光芒;同样,诸比丘,一切世间福德之事,皆不及慈心解脱的十六分之一,那慈心解脱统摄并超越它们,闪耀、照亮、放射光芒。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yā kāci tārakarūpānaṃ pabhā sabbā tā candiyā pabhāya kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasiṃ, candapabhāyeva tā adhiggahetvā bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yāni kānici opadhikāni puññakiriyavatthūni sabbāni tāni mettāya cetovimuttiyā kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasiṃ, mettāyeva tāni cetovimutti adhiggahetvā bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca.
“诸比丘,犹如雨季最后一个月,秋时,天空晴朗无云,太阳升上高空,驱散一切昏暗而闪耀、照亮、放射光芒;同样,诸比丘,一切世间福德之事,皆不及慈心解脱的十六分之一,那慈心解脱统摄并超越它们,闪耀、照亮、放射光芒。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye viddhe vigatavalāhake deve ādicco nabhaṃ abbhussakkamāno sabbaṃ ākāsagataṃ tamagataṃ abhivihacca bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yāni kānici opadhikāni puññakiriyavatthūni sabbāni tāni mettāya cetovimuttiyā kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasiṃ, mettāyeva tāni cetovimutti adhiggahetvā bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca.
“诸比丘,犹如在黎明时分,晨星独自照耀、闪耀、发光;同样地,诸比丘,任何有所依的福业事,全都不能及慈心解脱的十六分之一。那慈心解脱将它们统摄、超越之后,独自照耀、闪耀、发光。”世尊宣说了此义。关于此义,这里是这样说的:
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ osadhitārakā bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yāni kānici opadhikāni puññakiriyavatthūni sabbāni tāni mettāya cetovimuttiyā kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasiṃ , mettāyeva tāni cetovimutti adhiggahetvā bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati cā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
“修习无量慈、保持正念的人,
当他见到所依的灭尽时,诸结便变得微薄。
“哪怕仅对一个众生心怀无瞋、修习慈爱,他便因此成为善巧者。
若以心悲悯一切众生,那位圣者便积累起广大的福德。
“那些王仙们征服了众生遍满的大地后,巡行各处,举办祭祀。
马祭、人祭、掷棒祭、酒祭、无阻祭。
“那些祭祀的功德,连善修慈心的十六分之一也不及。
正如月亮的光辉,胜过一切星群。
“他不杀害,不令杀害;不征服,不令征服;
对一切众生心怀慈爱者,与任何人皆无怨仇。”
‘‘Yo ca mettaṃ bhāvayati, appamāṇaṃ paṭissato; Tanū saṃyojanā honti, passato upadhikkhayaṃ. ‘‘Ekampi ce pāṇamaduṭṭhacitto, mettāyati kusalo tena hoti; Sabbe ca pāṇe manasānukampaṃ, pahūtamariyo pakaroti puññaṃ. ‘‘Ye sattasaṇḍaṃ pathaviṃ vijitvā, rājisayo yajamānānupariyagā; Assamedhaṃ purisamedhaṃ, sammāpāsaṃ vājapeyyaṃ niraggaḷaṃ. ‘‘Mettassa cittassa subhāvitassa, kalampi te nānubhavanti soḷasiṃ; Candappabhā tāragaṇāva sabbe. ‘‘Yo na hanti na ghāteti, na jināti na jāpaye; Mettaṃso sabbabhūtesu, veraṃ tassa na kenacī’’ti.
此义理亦为世尊所说,如是我闻。第七经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Sattamaṃ.
心与慈,二者之利益,犹如积聚之广博大山。
故意的妄语、布施与慈心的修习。
这七部经,连同前面的二十部。
收录于《一法品》中的诸经,总计二十七部。
Cittaṃ mettaṃ ubho atthe, puñjaṃ vepullapabbataṃ; Sampajānamusāvādo, dānañca mettabhāvanā . Sattimāni ca suttāni, purimāni ca vīsati; Ekadhammesu suttantā, sattavīsatisaṅgahāti.