7. 孕妇品·1. 第一学处
4. 波逸提篇(比丘尼分别) · 112 段
1. 第一学处
1. Paṭhamasikkhāpadaṃ
1067那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。当时,比丘尼们给一位孕妇授具足戒。她外出托钵乞食时,人们就这样说:“给这位圣尼食物吧,这位圣尼身体沉重了。”人们纷纷讥讽、批评、抱怨说:“这些比丘尼怎么可以给孕妇授具足戒呢!”那些比丘尼们听到了这些人的讥讽、批评和抱怨。那些少欲的比丘尼们……也讥讽、批评、抱怨说:“比丘尼们怎么可以给孕妇授具足戒呢!”……佛陀问:“诸比丘,据说比丘尼们真的给孕妇授具足戒了,这是真的吗?”他们回答:“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责他们说:“诸比丘,比丘尼们怎么可以给孕妇授具足戒呢!诸比丘,这不能让没有信心的人生起信心……诸比丘,比丘尼们应当这样诵出这条学处:——”
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhuniyo gabbhiniṃ vuṭṭhāpenti. Sā piṇḍāya carati. Manussā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘dethāyyāya bhikkhaṃ , garubhārā ayyā’’ti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo gabbhiniṃ vuṭṭhāpessantī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhuniyo tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā…pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo gabbhiniṃ vuṭṭhāpessantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo gabbhiniṃ vuṭṭhāpentīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo gabbhiniṃ vuṭṭhāpessanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddisantu –
1068若比丘尼为怀孕妇女授具足戒,犯波逸提。
‘‘Yā pana bhikkhunī gabbhiniṃ vuṭṭhāpeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
1069“凡……者”,是指凡是这样的、如此这般的……(中略)……“比丘尼”,是指……(中略)……此处所指的,正是这个意义上的比丘尼。
Yā panāti yā yādisā…pe… bhikkhunīti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.
所谓妊娠女,就是指已经怀孕的女子。授具足戒,就是使她成为正式受戒的比丘尼。
Gabbhinī nāma āpannasattā vuccati. Vuṭṭhāpeyyāti upasampādeyya.
当她说“我将授具足戒”后,就去寻找僧团、或轨范师尼、或钵、或衣,或者去划定界场,犯恶作罪。在提出动议时,犯恶作罪。在念诵两次羯磨语时,犯恶作罪。当羯磨语结束时,对亲教师尼而言,犯波逸提罪。对僧团和轨范师尼而言,犯恶作罪。
‘‘Vuṭṭhāpessāmī’’ti gaṇaṃ vā ācariniṃ vā pattaṃ vā cīvaraṃ vā pariyesati, sīmaṃ vā sammannati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñattiyā dukkaṭaṃ. Dvīhi kammavācāhi dukkaṭā. Kammavācāpariyosāne upajjhāyāya āpatti pācittiyassa. Gaṇassa ca ācariniyā ca āpatti dukkaṭassa.
1070对孕妇作孕妇想而给她授具足戒,犯波逸提罪。对孕妇有疑惑而给她授具足戒,犯恶作罪。对孕妇作非孕妇想而给她授具足戒,无犯。对非孕妇作孕妇想,犯恶作罪。对非孕妇有疑惑,犯恶作罪。对非孕妇作非孕妇想,无犯。
Gabbhiniyā gabbhinisaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Gabbhiniyā vematikā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Gabbhiniyā agabbhinisaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, anāpatti. Agabbhiniyā gabbhinisaññā , āpatti dukkaṭassa. Agabbhiniyā vematikā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Agabbhiniyā agabbhinisaññā, anāpatti.
1071无犯的情况是:对孕妇作非孕妇想而授具足戒;对非孕妇作非孕妇想而授具足戒;她是精神失常者;她是最初犯戒者。
Anāpatti gabbhiniṃ agabbhinisaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, agabbhiniṃ agabbhinisaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, ummattikāya, ādikammikāyāti.
2. 第二学处
2. Dutiyasikkhāpadaṃ
1072那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。就在那时,比丘尼们为一位尚在哺乳期的妇女授具足戒。她前去托钵乞食。人们这样说:“给这位圣尼食物吧,这位圣尼还有同伴。”人们心生不满、批评、非议:“这些比丘尼怎么能给还在哺乳期的妇女授具足戒呢!”那些比丘尼听到了那些人的不满、批评、非议。那些少欲的比丘尼们……心生不满、批评、非议:“比丘尼们怎么能给还在哺乳期的妇女授具足戒呢!”……“诸比丘,那些比丘尼们真的给还在哺乳期的妇女授具足戒吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道……“诸比丘,比丘尼们怎么能给还在哺乳期的妇女授具足戒呢!诸比丘,这不能让未信者生信……等等……诸比丘,比丘尼们应当这样诵此学处——
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhuniyo pāyantiṃ vuṭṭhāpenti. Sā piṇḍāya carati. Manussā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘dethāyyāya bhikkhaṃ, sadutiyikā ayyā’’ti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo pāyantiṃ vuṭṭhāpessantī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhuniyo tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā…pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo pāyantiṃ vuṭṭhāpessantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo pāyantiṃ vuṭṭhāpentīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo pāyantiṃ vuṭṭhāpessanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddisantu –
1073若比丘尼为正哺乳的妇女授具足戒,犯波逸提。
‘‘Yā pana bhikkhunī pāyantiṃ vuṭṭhāpeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
1074“凡……者”,是指凡是这样的、如此这般的……(中略)……“比丘尼”,是指……(中略)……此处所指的,正是这个意义上的比丘尼。
Yā panāti yā yādisā…pe… bhikkhunīti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.
所谓“哺乳妇女”,是母亲或乳母。
Pāyantī nāma mātā vā hoti dhāti vā.
所谓“度人”,是指授予具足戒。
Vuṭṭhāpeyyāti upasampādeyya.
如果她说“我要给她授具足戒”,然后去寻找僧团、或轨范师尼、或钵、或衣,或者去划定界场,犯恶作罪。在提案时,犯恶作罪。在两遍羯磨宣告时,犯恶作罪。在羯磨宣告结束时,亲教师尼犯波逸提罪。而僧团和轨范师尼犯恶作罪。
‘‘Vuṭṭhāpessāmī’’ti gaṇaṃ vā ācariniṃ vā pattaṃ vā cīvaraṃ vā pariyesati, sīmaṃ vā sammannati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñattiyā dukkaṭaṃ. Dvīhi kammavācāhi dukkaṭā. Kammavācāpariyosāne upajjhāyāya āpatti pācittiyassa. Gaṇassa ca ācariniyā ca āpatti dukkaṭassa.
1075对哺乳妇女作哺乳妇女想而授具足戒,犯波逸提罪。对哺乳妇女心存疑惑而授具足戒,犯恶作罪。对哺乳妇女作非哺乳妇女想而授具足戒,无犯。对非哺乳妇女作哺乳妇女想,犯恶作罪。对非哺乳妇女心存疑惑,犯恶作罪。对非哺乳妇女作非哺乳妇女想,无犯。
Pāyantiyā pāyantisaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Pāyantiyā vematikā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Pāyantiyā apāyantisaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, anāpatti. Apāyantiyā pāyantisaññā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Apāyantiyā vematikā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Apāyantiyā apāyantisaññā, anāpatti.
1076无犯:把哺乳期妇女当成非哺乳期妇女,为她授具足戒;把非哺乳期妇女当成非哺乳期妇女,也为她授具足戒;精神失常者;最初犯戒者。
Anāpatti pāyantiṃ apāyantisaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, apāyantiṃ apāyantisaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, ummattikāya, ādikammikāyāti.
3. 第三学处
3. Tatiyasikkhāpadaṃ
1077那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,比丘尼们为尚未在六法上完成两年学习的学法女授具足戒。这些学法女愚笨、不熟练,不知道什么适宜、什么不适宜。那些少欲的比丘尼们……(中略)……讥嫌、批评、指责说:“比丘尼们怎么能为尚未在六法上完成两年学习的学法女授具足戒呢?” ……(中略)…… “诸比丘,比丘尼们真的为尚未在六法上完成两年学习的学法女授具足戒吗?” “是真的,世尊。” 佛陀世尊呵责了她们……(中略)…… “诸比丘,比丘尼们怎么能为尚未在六法上完成两年学习的学法女授具足戒呢!诸比丘,这不能让未生信者生信……(中略)……呵责之后……(中略)……作了如法的开示后,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我允许给予学法女两年学习六法的许可。而诸比丘,应当这样给予:那位学法女应来到僧团,将上衣搭在一肩,顶礼比丘尼们的足,蹲坐下来,合掌后应这样说:‘圣尼们,我,名叫某某,是某某圣尼的学法女。我向僧团请求两年学习六法的许可。’ 应当这样请求第二次。应当这样请求第三次。应由一位聪明、有能力的比丘尼来通知僧团:
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhuniyo dve vassāni chasu dhammesu asikkhitasikkhaṃ sikkhamānaṃ vuṭṭhāpenti. Tā bālā honti abyattā na jānanti kappiyaṃ vā akappiyaṃ vā. Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā…pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo dve vassāni chasu dhammesu asikkhitasikkhaṃ sikkhamānaṃ vuṭṭhāpessantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo dve vassāni chasu dhammesu asikkhitasikkhaṃ sikkhamānaṃ vuṭṭhāpentī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo dve vassāni chasu dhammesu asikkhitasikkhaṃ sikkhamānaṃ vuṭṭhāpessanti! Netaṃ , bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sikkhamānāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhāsammutiṃ dātuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, dātabbā. Tāya sikkhamānāya saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā bhikkhunīnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ahaṃ, ayye, itthannāmā itthannāmāya ayyāya sikkhamānā. Saṅghaṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhāsammutiṃ yācāmī’’ti. Dutiyampi yācitabbā. Tatiyampi yācitabbā. Byattāya bhikkhuniyā paṭibalāya saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
1078“圣尼们,请僧团听我说。这位名叫某某的、某某圣尼的学法女向僧团请求两年学习六法的许可。如果僧团时机成熟,僧团应给予这位名叫某某的学法女两年学习六法的许可。这是提案。
‘‘Suṇātu me, ayye, saṅgho. Ayaṃ itthannāmā itthannāmāya ayyāya sikkhamānā saṅghaṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhāsammutiṃ yācati. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ saṅgho itthannāmāya sikkhamānāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhāsammutiṃ dadeyya. Esā ñatti.
“圣尼们,请僧团听我说。这位名叫某某的、某某圣尼的学法女向僧团请求两年学习六法的许可。僧团给予这位名叫某某的学法女两年学习六法的许可。哪位圣尼同意给予这位名叫某某的学法女两年学习六法的许可,请保持沉默;哪位不同意,请说出来。
‘‘Suṇātu me, ayye, saṅgho. Ayaṃ itthannāmā itthannāmāya ayyāya sikkhamānā saṅghaṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhāsammutiṃ yācati. Saṅgho itthannāmāya sikkhamānāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhāsammutiṃ deti. Yassā ayyāya khamati itthannāmāya sikkhamānāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhāsammutiyā dānaṃ, sā tuṇhassa; yassā nakkhamati, sā bhāseyya.
“僧团已经给予这位名叫某某的学法女两年学习六法的许可。僧团同意,因此保持沉默。我这样记录此事。”
‘‘Dinnā saṅghena itthannāmāya sikkhamānāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhāsammuti. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
1079然后应当告诉那位学法女:‘你应当这样说’:‘我受持离杀生学处,在两年内不违犯地遵守它。我受持离不与取学处,在两年内不违犯地遵守它。我受持离非梵行学处,在两年内不违犯地遵守它。我受持离虚妄语学处,在两年内不违犯地遵守它。我受持离导致放逸之因的谷酒、花果酒等酒精类学处,在两年内不违犯地遵守它。我受持离非时食学处,在两年内不违犯地遵守它。’”
Sā sikkhamānā ‘‘evaṃ vadehī’’ti vattabbā – ‘‘pāṇātipātā veramaṇiṃ dve vassāni avītikkamma samādānaṃ samādiyāmi. Adinnādānā veramaṇiṃ dve vassāni avītikkamma samādānaṃ samādiyāmi. Abrahmacariyā veramaṇiṃ dve vassāni avītikkamma samādānaṃ samādiyāmi. Musāvādā veramaṇiṃ dve vassāni avītikkamma samādānaṃ samādiyāmi. Surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇiṃ dve vassāni avītikkamma samādānaṃ samādiyāmi. Vikālabhojanā veramaṇiṃ dve vassāni avītikkamma samādānaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti.
那时,世尊用各种方式呵责了那些比丘尼之后,说了关于难养之类的……(省略处),并且又这样说:“诸位比丘,让比丘尼们这样诵持这条学处——
Atha kho bhagavā tā bhikkhuniyo anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā dubbharatāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddisantu –
1080若比丘尼为未于六法中修学满二年的学法女授具足戒,犯波逸提。
‘‘Yā pana bhikkhunī dve vassāni chasu dhammesu asikkhitasikkhaṃ sikkhamānaṃ vuṭṭhāpeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
1081“凡……者”,是指凡是这样的、如此这般的……(中略)……“比丘尼”,是指……(中略)……此处所指的,正是这个意义上的比丘尼。
Yā panāti yā yādisā…pe… bhikkhunīti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.
……“两年”的意思是:两个年头。“未学之学”名为:学法或未授予,或已授予而被破坏。“令其成为比丘尼”的意思是:让她受具足戒。
Dve vassānīti dve saṃvaccharāni. Asikkhitasikkhā nāma sikkhā vā na dinnā hoti, dinnā vā sikkhā kupitā. Vuṭṭhāpeyyāti upasampādeyya.
当她说“我将令她受具足戒”时,如果她去寻找僧团、导师、钵或衣,或者指定界场,犯恶作罪。在动议时,犯恶作。在两次羯磨语期间,都犯恶作。在羯磨语结束时,她的亲教师犯波逸提罪。对于僧团和导师,犯恶作罪。
‘‘Vuṭṭhāpessāmī’’ti gaṇaṃ vā ācariniṃ vā pattaṃ vā cīvaraṃ vā pariyesati, sīmaṃ vā sammannati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñattiyā dukkaṭaṃ. Dvīhi kammavācāhi dukkaṭā. Kammavācāpariyosāne upajjhāyāya āpatti pācittiyassa. Gaṇassa ca ācariniyā ca āpatti dukkaṭassa.
1082在如法羯磨中,作如法羯磨想而授具足戒,犯波逸提罪。在如法羯磨中,心存疑惑而授具足戒,犯波逸提罪。在如法羯磨中,作非法羯磨想而授具足戒,犯波逸提罪。
Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme vematikā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme adhammakammasaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
在非法羯磨上,她误认为是如法羯磨,犯恶作罪。在非法羯磨上,她是疑惑的,犯恶作罪。在非法羯磨上,她确信是非法羯磨,犯恶作罪。
Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme vematikā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
1083无犯的情况是:为一位在六法上已学满两年的学法女授具足戒;她是精神失常者;她是最初犯戒者。
Anāpatti dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhaṃ sikkhamānaṃ vuṭṭhāpeti, ummattikāya, ādikammikāyāti.
4. 第四学处
4. Catutthasikkhāpadaṃ
1084一时,世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,比丘尼众为已在六法中修学满二年、而未得僧团认可的学法女授具足戒。诸比丘尼这样对她们说:“来,学法女,你当知此,当施此,当取此来,当需此,当作此令如法。”她们回答:“圣尼,我们不是学法女,我们是比丘尼。”那些少欲的比丘尼……嫌责、讥嫌、非难:“比丘尼们怎能给已在六法中修学满二年、而未得僧团认可的学法女授具足戒呢?”……“比丘们,听说比丘尼们给已在六法中修学满二年、而未得僧团认可的学法女授具足戒,是真的吗?”“世尊,是真的。”佛陀呵责……“比丘们,比丘尼们怎能给已在六法中修学满二年、而未得僧团认可的学法女授具足戒呢!比丘们,这不能令未信者生信……”呵责后……说法后,对比丘们说:“比丘们,我允许给已在六法中修学满二年的学法女授予具足戒的僧团认可。比丘们,应这样给:那位已在六法中修学满二年的学法女应前往僧团,偏袒右肩,礼比丘尼足,胡跪合掌,这样说:‘圣尼,我某甲,从某圣尼,已在六法中修学满二年,是学法女,我向僧团请求具足戒的认可。’应第二次请求,应第三次请求。由有能力的明达比丘尼作白:”
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhuniyo dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhaṃ sikkhamānaṃ saṅghena asammataṃ vuṭṭhāpenti. Bhikkhuniyo evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘etha, sikkhamānā, imaṃ jānātha, imaṃ detha, imaṃ āharatha, iminā attho, imaṃ kappiyaṃ karothā’’ti. Tā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘na mayaṃ, ayye, sikkhamānā. Bhikkhuniyo maya’’nti. Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā…pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhaṃ sikkhamānaṃ saṅghena asammataṃ vuṭṭhāpessantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhaṃ sikkhamānaṃ saṅghena asammataṃ vuṭṭhāpentīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhaṃ sikkhamānaṃ saṅghena asammataṃ vuṭṭhāpessanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhāya sikkhamānāya vuṭṭhānasammutiṃ dātuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, dātabbā. Tāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhāya sikkhamānāya saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā bhikkhunīnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘ahaṃ , ayye, itthannāmā itthannāmāya ayyāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhā sikkhamānā saṅghaṃ vuṭṭhānasammutiṃ yācāmī’’ti. Dutiyampi yācitabbā. Tatiyampi yācitabbā. Byattāya bhikkhuniyā paṭibalāya saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
1085“圣尼们,请僧团听我说。这位叫某某的学法女,是某某圣尼座下已经圆满修学六法两年的学法女,她请求僧团的出离认可。如果僧团时机合适,僧团应当给这位已经圆满修学六法两年的学法女某某出离认可。这是动议。”
‘‘Suṇātu me, ayye, saṅgho. Ayaṃ itthannāmā itthannāmāya ayyāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhā sikkhamānā saṅghaṃ vuṭṭhānasammutiṃ yācati. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho itthannāmāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhāya sikkhamānāya vuṭṭhānasammutiṃ dadeyya. Esā ñatti.
“圣尼们,请僧团听我说。这位叫某某的学法女,是某某圣尼座下已经圆满修学六法两年的学法女,她请求僧团的出离认可。僧团给这位已经圆满修学六法两年的学法女某某出离认可。哪位圣尼同意给这位已经圆满修学六法两年的学法女某某出离认可,请保持沉默;哪位不同意,请说出来。’
‘‘Suṇātu me , ayye, saṅgho. Ayaṃ itthannāmā itthannāmāya ayyāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhā sikkhamānā saṅghaṃ vuṭṭhānasammutiṃ yācati. Saṅgho itthannāmāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhāya sikkhamānāya vuṭṭhānasammutiṃ deti. Yassā ayyāya khamati itthannāmāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhāya sikkhamānāya vuṭṭhānasammutiyā dānaṃ, sā tuṇhassa; yassā nakkhamati, sā bhāseyya.
‘僧团已给予这位学法女某某出离认可——她两年间于六法已修学圆满;僧团同意,因此默然,我如是持守。’
‘‘Dinnā saṅghena itthannāmāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhāya sikkhamānāya vuṭṭhānasammuti; khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
那时,世尊用各种方式呵责了那些比丘尼之后,说了关于难养之类的……(省略处),并且又这样说:“诸位比丘,让比丘尼们这样诵持这条学处——
Atha kho bhagavā tā bhikkhuniyo anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā dubbharatāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddisantu –
1086若比丘尼为已满二年、于六法学满,却未经僧团羯磨许可的学法女授具足戒,犯波逸提。
‘‘Yā pana bhikkhunī dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhaṃ sikkhamānaṃ saṅghena asammataṃ vuṭṭhāpeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
1087“凡……者”,是指凡是这样的、如此这般的……(中略)……“比丘尼”,是指……(中略)……此处所指的,正是这个意义上的比丘尼。
Yā panāti yā yādisā…pe… bhikkhunīti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.
“两年”是指两个年份。“已学六法”是指在六项法上已经修学圆满。“未被认可”是指没有通过白二羯磨给与的出离认可。“令出离”是指授具足戒。
Dve vassānīti dve saṃvaccharāni. Sikkhitasikkhā nāma chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhā. Asammatā nāma ñattidutiyena kammena vuṭṭhānasammuti na dinnāhoti. Vuṭṭhāpeyyāti upasampādeyya.
如果她想着“我要为她授具足戒”,就去寻找僧团、或老师、或钵、或衣,或者制定界场,犯恶作。在动议时犯恶作。在两次羯磨语时犯恶作。羯磨语结束时,她的亲教师犯波逸提。而对于僧团和老师来说,犯恶作。
‘‘Vuṭṭhāpessāmī’’ti gaṇaṃ vā ācariniṃ vā pattaṃ vā cīvaraṃ vā pariyesati, sīmaṃ vā sammannati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñattiyā dukkaṭaṃ. Dvīhi kammavācāhi dukkaṭā. Kammavācāpariyosāne upajjhāyāya āpatti pācittiyassa. Gaṇassa ca ācariniyā ca āpatti dukkaṭassa.
1088如果那是如法羯磨,她认为那是如法羯磨而为她授具足戒,犯波逸提。如果那是如法羯磨,她对此有疑惑而为她授具足戒,犯波逸提。如果那是如法羯磨,她认为那是非法羯磨而为她授具足戒,犯波逸提。
Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme vematikā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme adhammakammasaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
如果那是非法羯磨,她认为那是如法羯磨,犯恶作。如果那是非法羯磨,她对此有疑惑,犯恶作。如果那是非法羯磨,她认为那是非法羯磨,犯恶作。
Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme vematikā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
1089没有罪的情况是:她让一位已经在六法上学习了两年所学、并且已被僧团认可的学法女受具足戒;她是精神失常者;她是最初的犯戒者。
Anāpatti dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhaṃ sikkhamānaṃ saṅghena sammataṃ vuṭṭhāpeti, ummattikāya, ādikammikāyāti.
5. 第五学处
5. Pañcamasikkhāpadaṃ
1090那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。就在那时,比丘尼们给那些未满十二岁就已出嫁的在家女子授具足戒。这些女子忍受不了冷、热、饥、渴,忍受不了蚊虫、风、日晒、爬行类动物的碰触,忍受不了粗恶之语、难听之语的话语方式。至于已生起的身体上的感受,那些苦的、剧烈的、粗糙的、刺痛的、不愉快的、不合意的、几乎夺命的感受,她们生性都无法忍耐。那些少欲的比丘尼们……批评、谴责、呵斥道:“比丘尼们怎么能给未满十二岁就已出嫁的在家女子授具足戒呢?”……“诸比丘,听说比丘尼们真的在给未满十二岁就已出嫁的在家女子授具足戒吗?”“世尊,那是真的。”佛陀世尊呵责道……“诸比丘,比丘尼们怎么能给未满十二岁就已出嫁的在家女子授具足戒呢!诸比丘,未满十二岁就已出嫁的在家女子,忍受不了冷、热、饥、渴,忍受不了蚊虫、风、日晒、爬行类动物的碰触,忍受不了粗恶之语、难听之语的话语方式。至于已生起的身体上的感受,那些苦的、剧烈的、粗糙的、刺痛的、不愉快的、不合意的、几乎夺命的感受,她生性都无法忍耐。诸比丘,只有满了十二岁才出嫁的在家女子,才能忍受冷、热、饥、渴,能忍受蚊虫、风、日晒、爬行类动物的碰触,能忍受粗恶之语、难听之语的话语方式。至于已生起的身体上的感受,那些苦的、剧烈的、粗糙的、刺痛的、不愉快的、不合意的、几乎夺命的感受,她生性都能够忍耐。诸比丘,这不能让那些没有信心的人生起信心……那么,诸比丘,比丘尼们应当这样诵出这条学处——
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme . Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhuniyo ūnadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ vuṭṭhāpenti. Tā akkhamā honti sītassa uṇhassa jighacchāya pipāsāya ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassānaṃ duruttānaṃ durāgatānaṃ vacanapathānaṃ. Uppannānaṃ sārīrikānaṃ vedanānaṃ dukkhānaṃ tibbānaṃ kharānaṃ kaṭukānaṃ asātānaṃ amanāpānaṃ pāṇaharānaṃ anadhivāsakajātikā honti. Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā…pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo ūnadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ vuṭṭhāpessantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo ūnadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ vuṭṭhāpentīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo ūnadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ vuṭṭhāpessanti! Ūnadvādasavassā , bhikkhave, gihigatā akkhamā hoti sītassa uṇhassa jighacchāya pipāsāya ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassānaṃ duruttānaṃ durāgatānaṃ vacanapathānaṃ. Uppannānaṃ sārīrikānaṃ vedanānaṃ dukkhānaṃ tibbānaṃ kharānaṃ kaṭukānaṃ asātānaṃ amanāpānaṃ pāṇaharānaṃ anadhivāsakajātikā hoti. Dvādasavassāva kho, bhikkhave, gihigatā khamā hoti sītassa uṇhassa jighacchāya pipāsāya ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassānaṃ duruttānaṃ durāgatānaṃ vacanapathānaṃ. Uppannānaṃ sārīrikānaṃ vedanānaṃ dukkhānaṃ tibbānaṃ kharānaṃ kaṭukānaṃ asātānaṃ amanāpānaṃ pāṇaharānaṃ adhivāsakajātikā hoti. Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddisantu –
1091若比丘尼为未满十二岁的已婚妇女授具足戒,犯波逸提。
‘‘Yā pana bhikkhunī ūnadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ vuṭṭhāpeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
1092“凡……者”,是指凡是这样的、如此这般的……(中略)……“比丘尼”,是指……(中略)……此处所指的,正是这个意义上的比丘尼。
Yā panāti yā yādisā…pe… bhikkhunīti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.
“未满十二岁”的意思:指还没达到十二岁。“已嫁人”的意思:指已与男子发生关系。“让她受具足戒”的意思:就是令她受具足戒。
Ūnadvādasavassā nāma appattadvādasavassā. Gihigatā nāma purisantaragatā vuccati. Vuṭṭhāpeyyāti upasampādeyya.
如果她为了“我要给她授具足戒”而去寻找团体、轨范师尼、钵或袈裟,或者指定结界区域,犯恶作。在动议时,犯恶作。在两番羯磨语时,犯恶作。羯磨语结束时,她的亲教师尼犯波逸提。而僧团和轨范师尼犯恶作。
‘‘Vuṭṭhāpessāmī’’ti gaṇaṃ vā ācariniṃ vā pattaṃ vā cīvaraṃ vā pariyesati, sīmaṃ vā sammannati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñattiyā dukkaṭaṃ. Dvīhi kammavācāhi dukkaṭā. Kammavācāpariyosāne upajjhāyāya āpatti pācittiyassa. Gaṇassa ca ācariniyā ca āpatti dukkaṭassa.
1093对未满十二年的对象,在有“未满十二年”的认知下为她授具足戒,犯波逸提。对未满十二年的对象,心有疑虑而授具足戒,犯恶作。对未满十二年的对象,在有“已满十二年”的认知下授具足戒,无犯。
Ūnadvādasavassāya ūnadvādasavassasaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ūnadvādasavassāya vematikā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ūnadvādasavassāya paripuṇṇasaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, anāpatti.
对已满十二年的对象,在有“未满十二年”的认知下,犯恶作。对已满十二年的对象,心有疑虑,犯恶作。对已满十二年的对象,在有“已满十二年”的认知下,无犯。
Paripuṇṇadvādasavassāya ūnadvādasavassasaññā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Paripuṇṇadvādasavassāya vematikā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Paripuṇṇadvādasavassāya paripuṇṇasaññā, anāpatti.
1094无犯的情况是:对未满十二年的对象,在有“已满”的认知下授具足戒;对已满十二年的对象,在有“已满”的认知下授具足戒;由于她是精神失常者;由于她是最初的犯戒者。
Anāpatti ūnadvādasavassaṃ paripuṇṇasaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, paripuṇṇadvādasavassaṃ paripuṇṇasaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, ummattikāya, ādikammikāyāti.
6. 第六学处
6. Chaṭṭhasikkhāpadaṃ
1095那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,比丘尼们给那些已满十二年、曾过家庭生活的妇女授具足戒,而对方两年内还未在六法上完成修学。这些妇女愚钝、不善巧,不知什么是适当的、什么是不适当的。那些少欲的比丘尼们……(中略)……对此讥嫌、批评、指责道:“比丘尼们怎么能给那些已满十二年、曾过家庭生活的妇女授具足戒,而对方两年内还未在六法上完成修学呢?”……(中略)……“诸比丘,比丘尼们确实给那些已满十二年、曾过家庭生活的妇女授具足戒,而对方两年内还未在六法上完成修学,这是真的吗?”“这是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责了她们……(中略)……“诸比丘,比丘尼们怎么能给那些已满十二年、曾过家庭生活的妇女授具足戒,而对方两年内还未在六法上完成修学呢?诸比丘,这不能让未生信者生信……(中略)……”呵责之后,他做了如法的开示,然后对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我允许僧团给已满十二年、曾过家庭生活的妇女授予为期两年、在六法上的修学许可。而且,诸比丘,应当这样授予:那位已满十二年、曾过家庭生活的妇女,要来到僧团这里,把上衣搭在一肩,顶礼比丘尼们的双足,然后蹲坐下来,合掌,应当这样请求:”圣尼们,我,名叫某某,是某某圣尼的、已满十二年、曾过家庭生活的人,向僧团请求为期两年、在六法上的修学许可。“第二次也应请求。第三次也应请求。应由一位贤能、有能力的比丘尼向僧团宣布:”
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhuniyo paripuṇṇadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu asikkhitasikkhaṃ vuṭṭhāpenti. Tā bālā honti abyattā na jānanti kappiyaṃ vā akappiyaṃ vā. Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā…pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo paripuṇṇadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu asikkhitasikkhaṃ vuṭṭhāpessantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo paripuṇṇadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu asikkhitasikkhaṃ vuṭṭhāpentīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo paripuṇṇadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu asikkhitasikkhaṃ vuṭṭhāpessanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, paripuṇṇadvādasavassāya gihigatāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhāsammutiṃ dātuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, dātabbā. Tāya paripuṇṇadvādasavassāya gihigatāya saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā bhikkhunīnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ahaṃ, ayye, itthannāmā itthannāmāya ayyāya paripuṇṇadvādasavassā gihigatā saṅghaṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhāsammutiṃ yācāmī’’ti. Dutiyampi yācitabbā. Tatiyampi yācitabbā. Byattāya bhikkhuniyā paṭibalāya saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
1096圣尼们,请僧团听我说。这位名叫某某者,属某某圣尼,已满十二年,曾过家庭生活。她向僧团请求为期两年、学于六法的修学许可。如果僧团准备就绪,就请僧团授予这位名叫某某者——属某某圣尼、已满十二年、曾过家庭生活——为期两年、学于六法的修学许可。这是动议。
‘‘Suṇātu me, ayye, saṅgho. Ayaṃ itthannāmā itthannāmāya ayyāya paripuṇṇadvādasavassā gihigatā saṅghaṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhāsammutiṃ yācati. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ saṅgho itthannāmāya paripuṇṇadvādasavassāya gihigatāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhāsammutiṃ dadeyya. Esā ñatti.
“圣尼们,请僧团听我说。这位名叫某某的,是某某圣尼的、已满十二年、曾过家庭生活的人,向僧团请求为期两年、在六法上的修学许可。僧团授予这位名叫某某的、已满十二年、曾过家庭生活的妇女,为期两年、在六法上的修学许可。哪位圣尼对授予这位名叫某某的、已满十二年、曾过家庭生活的妇女为期两年、在六法上的修学许可,感到同意,请保持沉默;哪位感到不同意,请说出来。”
‘‘Suṇātu me, ayye, saṅgho. Ayaṃ itthannāmā itthannāmāya ayyāya paripuṇṇadvādasavassā gihigatā saṅghaṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhāsammutiṃ yācati. Saṅgho itthannāmāya paripuṇṇadvādasavassāya gihigatāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhāsammutiṃ deti. Yassā ayyāya khamati itthannāmāya paripuṇṇadvādasavassāya gihigatāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhāsammutiyā dānaṃ, sā tuṇhassa; yassā nakkhamati, sā bhāseyya.
“僧团已经授予这位名叫某某的、已满十二年、曾过家庭生活的妇女,为期两年、在六法上的修学许可。僧团对此感到同意,因此保持沉默。我如此记录此事。”
‘‘Dinnā saṅghena itthannāmāya paripuṇṇadvādasavassāya gihigatāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhāsammuti. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
她——一位年满十二年的、曾结过婚的女子——应当被这样告知:“两年之中,你要不违犯地受持离杀生学处……(中略)……两年之中,你要不违犯地受持离非时食学处。”
Sā paripuṇṇadvādasavassā gihigatā evaṃ vadehīti vattabbā – ‘‘pāṇātipātā veramaṇiṃ dve vassāni avītikkamma samādānaṃ samādiyāmi…pe… vikālabhojanā veramaṇiṃ dve vassāni avītikkamma samādānaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti.
那时,世尊用各种方式呵责了那些比丘尼之后,说了关于难养之类的……(省略处),并且又这样说:“诸位比丘,让比丘尼们这样诵持这条学处——
Atha kho bhagavā tā bhikkhuniyo anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā dubbharatāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddisantu –
1097若比丘尼为已满十二岁、于二年中未学满六法的已婚妇女授具足戒,犯波逸提。
‘‘Yā pana bhikkhunī paripuṇṇadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu asikkhitasikkhaṃ vuṭṭhāpeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
1098“凡……者”,是指凡是这样的、如此这般的……(中略)……“比丘尼”,是指……(中略)……此处所指的,正是这个意义上的比丘尼。
Yā panāti yā yādisā…pe… bhikkhunīti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.
“已满十二岁”的意思:指已经达到十二岁。“已嫁人”的意思:指已经嫁作人妇。“二年”的意思:指两个年头。“未修学”的意思:指尚未给予学处,或者已给予的学处失效。“令受具足戒”的意思:就是为她授具足戒。
Paripuṇṇadvādasavassā nāma pattadvādasavassā. Gihigatā nāma purisantaragatā vuccati. Dve vassānīti dve saṃvaccharāni. Asikkhitasikkhā nāma sikkhā vā na dinnā hoti, dinnā vā sikkhā kupitā. Vuṭṭhāpeyyāti upasampādeyya.
如果她想着“我要为她授具足戒”,就去寻找僧团、或老师、或钵、或衣,或者制定界场,犯恶作。在动议时犯恶作。在两次羯磨语时犯恶作。羯磨语结束时,亲教师犯波逸提。僧团和老师犯恶作。
‘‘Vuṭṭhāpessāmī’’ti gaṇaṃ vā ācariniṃ vā pattaṃ vā cīvaraṃ vā pariyesati, sīmaṃ vā sammannati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñattiyā dukkaṭaṃ. Dvīhi kammavācāhi dukkaṭā. Kammavācāpariyosāne upajjhāyāya āpatti pācittiyassa. Gaṇassa ca ācariniyā ca āpatti dukkaṭassa.
1099在如法羯磨中,认为是如法羯磨而为她授具足戒,犯波逸提。在如法羯磨中,心存疑惑而为她授具足戒,犯波逸提。在如法羯磨中,认为是非法羯磨而为她授具足戒,犯波逸提。
Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme vematikā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme adhammakammasaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
在非法羯磨中,认为是如法羯磨而为她授具足戒,犯恶作。在非法羯磨中,心存疑惑而为她授具足戒,犯恶作。在非法羯磨中,认为是非法羯磨而为她授具足戒,犯恶作。
Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme vematikā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
1100无犯的情况是:为已满十二岁、已嫁作人妇,并且在两年中已修学六法者授具足戒;或者她是精神失常者;或者她是最初犯戒者。
Anāpatti paripuṇṇadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhaṃ vuṭṭhāpeti, ummattikāya, ādikammikāyāti.
7. 第七学处
7. Sattamasikkhāpadaṃ
1101那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,比丘尼们给一位已满十二岁、曾嫁人的、已在六法中学满两年的学法女授具足戒,但未得到僧团许可。比丘尼们这样对她说:“来吧,学法女,要知道这个,要给这个,要拿这个来,需要这个,要把这个作净。”她们这样回答:“圣尼们,我们不是学法女,我们是比丘尼。”那些少欲的比丘尼们……讥嫌、批评、指责道:“比丘尼们怎么能给一位已满十二岁、曾嫁人的、已在六法中学满两年的学法女授具足戒,却未得僧团许可呢?”……“诸比丘,比丘尼们真的给一位已满十二岁、曾嫁人的、已在六法中学满两年的学法女授具足戒,却未得僧团许可吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道……“诸比丘,比丘尼们怎么能给一位已满十二岁、曾嫁人的、已在六法中学满两年的学法女授具足戒,却未得僧团许可呢!诸比丘,这不能令未信者生信……”呵责之后……说法,对诸比丘说道:“诸比丘,我允许对一位已满十二岁、曾嫁人的、已在六法中学满两年的学法女给予授具足戒的许可。诸比丘,应这样给予。那位已满十二岁、曾嫁人的、已在六法中学满两年的学法女应前往僧团,偏袒上衣至一肩,礼敬比丘尼众之足,蹲坐,合掌,应这样说:‘圣尼们,我某甲,从某圣尼处,已满十二岁、曾嫁人、已在六法中学满两年,我向僧团请求授具足戒的许可。’应请求第二次,应请求第三次。应由一位有能力的、娴熟的比丘尼告知僧团。
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhuniyo paripuṇṇadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhaṃ saṅghena asammataṃ vuṭṭhāpenti. Bhikkhuniyo evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘etha sikkhamānā, imaṃ jānātha, imaṃ detha, imaṃ āharatha, iminā attho, imaṃ kappiyaṃ karothā’’ti. Tā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘na mayaṃ, ayye, sikkhamānā, bhikkhuniyo maya’’nti. Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā…pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo paripuṇṇadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhaṃ saṅghena asammataṃ vuṭṭhāpessantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo paripuṇṇadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhaṃ saṅghena asammattaṃ vuṭṭhāpentīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma bhikkhave bhikkhuniyo paripuṇṇadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhaṃ saṅghena asammataṃ vuṭṭhāpessanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, paripuṇṇadvādasavassāya gihigatāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhāya vuṭṭhānasammutiṃ dātuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, dātabbā. Tāya paripuṇṇadvādasavassāya gihigatāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhāya saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā bhikkhunīnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ahaṃ, ayye, itthannāmā itthannāmāya ayyāya paripuṇṇadvādasavassā gihigatā dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhā, saṅghaṃ vuṭṭhānasammutiṃ yācāmī’’ti. Dutiyampi yācitabbā. Tatiyampi yācitabbā. Byattāya bhikkhuniyā paṭibalāya saṅgho ñāpetabbo.
1102“圣尼们,请僧团听我说。这位某某,是圣尼某某名下已完成十二年婚姻生活、在六条法上学了两年的人,向僧团请求授戒的许可。如果僧团时机合适,僧团应当给予这位某某——已完成十二年婚姻生活、在六条法上学了两年的人——授戒的许可。这是动议。”
‘‘Suṇātu me, ayye, saṅgho. Ayaṃ itthannāmā itthannāmāya ayyāya paripuṇṇadvādasavassā gihigatā dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhā saṅghaṃ vuṭṭhānasammutiṃ yācati. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho itthannāmāya paripuṇṇadvādasavassāya gihigatāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhāya vuṭṭhānasammutiṃ dadeyya. Esā ñatti.
“圣尼们,请僧团听我说。这位某某,是圣尼某某名下已满十二岁、已嫁、在六条法上学了两年的人,向僧团请求授戒的许可。僧团给予这位某某——已满十二岁、已嫁、在六条法上学了两年的人——授戒的许可。哪位圣尼对给予这位某某——已满十二岁、已嫁、在六条法上学了两年的人——授戒的许可同意,请保持沉默;哪位不同意,请说出来。”
‘‘Suṇātu me, ayye, saṅgho. Ayaṃ itthannāmā itthannāmāya ayyāya paripuṇṇadvādasavassā gihigatā dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhā saṅghaṃ vuṭṭhānasammutiṃ yācati. Saṅgho itthannāmāya paripuṇṇadvādasavassāya gihigatāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhāya vuṭṭhānasammutiṃ deti. Yassā ayyāya khamati itthannāmāya paripuṇṇadvādasavassāya gihigatāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhāya vuṭṭhānasammutiyā dānaṃ, sā tuṇhassa; yassā nakkhamati, sā bhāseyya.
“僧团已给予这位某某——已满十二岁、已嫁、在六条法上学了两年的人——授戒的许可。僧团同意,因此保持沉默。我这样受持此事。”
‘‘Dinnā saṅghena itthannāmāya paripuṇṇadvādasavassāya gihigatāya dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhāya vuṭṭhānasammuti. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
那时,世尊用各种方式呵责了那些比丘尼之后,说了关于难养之类的……(省略处),并且又这样说:“诸位比丘,让比丘尼们这样诵持这条学处——
Atha kho bhagavā tā bhikkhuniyo anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā dubbharatāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddisantu –
1103若比丘尼为已满十二岁、已学满二年六法但僧团未许可的已婚妇女授具足戒,犯波逸提。
‘‘Yā pana bhikkhunī paripuṇṇadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhaṃ saṅghena asammataṃ vuṭṭhāpeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
1104“凡……者”,是指凡是这样的、如此这般的……(中略)……“比丘尼”,是指……(中略)……此处所指的,正是这个意义上的比丘尼。
Yā panāti yā yādisā…pe… bhikkhunīti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.
所谓“满十二岁”,即已达到十二岁者。所谓“已往男子间”,即称为已嫁者。所谓“两年”,即两个年。所谓“已学所学”,即已在六法上学完所应学。所谓“未获认可”,即未以白二羯磨给予授具足戒认可。所谓“应授具足戒”,即应令受具足戒。
Paripuṇṇadvādasavassā nāma pattadvādasavassā. Gihigatā nāma purisantaragatā vuccati. Dve vassānīti dve saṃvaccharāni. Sikkhitasikkhā nāma chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhā. Asammatā nāma ñattidutiyena kammena vuṭṭhānasammuti na dinnā hoti. Vuṭṭhāpeyyāti upasampādeyya.
若言“我将令其受具足戒”而寻僧团、或寻亲教师、或寻钵、或寻衣、或定界场,恶作。于白时恶作。于二羯磨语时恶作。羯磨语终了时,亲教师尼犯波逸提。僧团及轨范师尼犯恶作。
‘‘Vuṭṭhāpessāmī’’ti gaṇaṃ vā ācariniṃ vā pattaṃ vā cīvaraṃ vā pariyesati, sīmaṃ vā sammannati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñattiyā dukkaṭaṃ. Dvīhi kammavācāhi dukkaṭā. Kammavācāpariyosāne upajjhāyāya āpatti pācittiyassa. Gaṇassa ca ācariniyā ca āpatti dukkaṭassa.
1105于如法羯磨有如法羯磨想而授具足戒者,犯波逸提罪。于如法羯磨有疑而授具足戒者,犯波逸提罪。于如法羯磨有非法羯磨想而授具足戒者,犯波逸提罪。
Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme vematikā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammakamme adhammakammasaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
于非法羯磨有如法羯磨想,犯恶作。于非法羯磨有疑,犯恶作。于非法羯磨有非法羯磨想,犯恶作。
Adhammakamme dhammakammasaññā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme vematikā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Adhammakamme adhammakammasaññā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
1106无犯:为年满十二岁、已嫁、已在六法上学满两年、并经僧团认可者授具足戒;精神失常者;最初犯戒者。
Anāpatti paripuṇṇadvādasavassaṃ gihigataṃ dve vassāni chasu dhammesu sikkhitasikkhaṃ saṅghena sammataṃ vuṭṭhāpeti, ummattikāya, ādikammikāyāti.
8. 第八学处
8. Aṭṭhamasikkhāpadaṃ
1107那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,偷兰难陀比丘尼给共住者授了具足戒后,两年间既不自教,也不令教。她们变得无知、不善巧;不知何为适宜、何为不适宜。那些少欲的比丘尼们……嫌责、讥嫌、非难说:“为何圣尼偷兰难陀给共住者授具足戒后,两年间既不自教,也不令教呢?”……“诸比丘,听说偷兰难陀比丘尼给共住者授具足戒后,两年间既不自教,也不令教,这是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责……“诸比丘,偷兰难陀比丘尼怎会给共住者授具足戒后,两年间既不自教,也不令教呢!诸比丘,这不能使未信者生信……诸比丘,比丘尼们应如是诵此学处——”
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena thullanandā bhikkhunī sahajīviniṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā dve vassāni neva anuggaṇhāti na anuggaṇhāpeti. Tā bālā honti abyattā; na jānanti kappiyaṃ vā akappiyaṃ vā. Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā…pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma ayyā thullanandā sahajīviniṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā dve vassāni neva anuggaṇhissati na anuggaṇhāpessatī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, thullanandā bhikkhunī sahajīviniṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā dve vassāni neva anuggaṇhāti na anuggaṇhāpetīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, thullanandā bhikkhunī sahajīviniṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā dve vassāni neva anuggaṇhissati na anuggaṇhāpessati! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddisantu –
1108若比丘尼度弟子出家后,二年间既不摄受教导、也不令人教导,犯波逸提。
‘‘Yā pana bhikkhunī sahajīviniṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā dve vassāni neva anuggaṇheyya na anuggaṇhāpeyya, pācittiya’’nti.
1109“凡……者”,是指凡是这样的、如此这般的……(中略)……“比丘尼”,是指……(中略)……此处所指的,正是这个意义上的比丘尼。
Yā panāti yā yādisā…pe… bhikkhunīti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.
“共住弟子”的意思是,同住者。“授具足戒后”是指已受具足戒。“两年”是指两个年头。
Sahajīvinī nāma saddhivihārinī vuccati. Vuṭṭhāpetvāti upasampādetvā. Dve vassānīti dve saṃvaccharāni.
“不亲自摄受”的意思是,不以教授、问询、教导、教诫来摄受。
Neva anuggaṇheyyāti na sayaṃ anuggaṇheyya uddesena paripucchāya ovādena anusāsaniyā.
“不令他人摄受”的意思是,不指派别人,说“这两年,我既不亲自摄受她,也不让人摄受她”。只要一放下这个责任,就犯波逸提。
Na anuggaṇhāpeyyāti na aññaṃ āṇāpeyya ‘‘dve vassāni neva anuggaṇhissāmi na anuggaṇhāpessāmī’’ti dhuraṃ nikkhittamatte āpatti pācittiyassa.
1110无犯的情况是:有障碍时,寻找后得不到,为病者,在危难中,疯狂者,最初犯戒者。
Anāpatti sati antarāye, pariyesitvā na labhati, gilānāya, āpadāsu, ummattikāya, ādikammikāyāti.
9. 第九学处
9. Navamasikkhāpadaṃ
1111那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。就在那时,有些比丘尼,对于已经受了具足戒的戒师,在两年内不去依止。她们变得愚钝、不熟练;不知道什么是合适的,什么是不合适的。那些少欲的比丘尼们……(中略)……就讥嫌、呵责、批评说:“这些比丘尼怎么可以对受了具足戒的戒师,两年内不去依止呢?”……(中略)……“诸比丘,听说比丘尼们确实对受了具足戒的戒师,两年内不去依止,这是真的吗?”“世尊,是真的。”佛陀世尊呵责了……(中略)……“诸比丘,比丘尼怎么可以对受了具足戒的戒师,两年内不去依止呢!诸比丘,这不能让没有信心的人产生信心……(中略)……诸比丘,比丘尼们应当这样诵出这条学处——
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhuniyo vuṭṭhāpitaṃ pavattiniṃ dve vassāni nānubandhanti. Tā bālā honti abyattā; na jānanti kappiyaṃ vā akappiyaṃ vā. Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā…pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo vuṭṭhāpitaṃ pavattiniṃ dve vassāni nānubandhissantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo vuṭṭhāpitaṃ pavattiniṃ dve vassāni nānubandhantīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo vuṭṭhāpitaṃ pavattiniṃ dve vassāni nānubandhissanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddisantu –
1112若(受具足戒的)比丘尼二年间不随侍其亲教尼,犯波逸提。
‘‘Yā pana bhikkhunī vuṭṭhāpitaṃ pavattiniṃ dve vassāni nānubandheyya, pācittiya’’nti.
1113“凡……者”,是指凡是这样的、如此这般的……(中略)……“比丘尼”,是指……(中略)……此处所指的,正是这个意义上的比丘尼。
Yā panāti yā yādisā…pe… bhikkhunīti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.
已受具足戒。名为亲教师。两年。不应亲自侍奉。说“我将不随从两个瓦萨”而放弃责任时,犯波逸提。
Vuṭṭhāpitanti upasampāditaṃ. Pavattinī nāma upajjhāyā vuccati. Dve vassānīti dve saṃvaccharāni. Nānubandheyyāti na sayaṃ upaṭṭhaheyya. Dve vassāni nānubandhissāmīti dhuraṃ nikkhittamatte āpatti pācittiyassa.
1114无犯情况:亲教师是愚痴人或是无惭无愧之人;受戒者生病;遭遇危难;受戒者精神失常;最初犯戒者。
Anāpatti upajjhāyā bālā vā hoti alajjinī vā, gilānāya, āpadāsu, ummattikāya, ādikammikāyāti.
10. 第十学处
10. Dasamasikkhāpadaṃ
1115那时,佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。就在那时,偷兰难陀比丘尼为她的一位共住弟子授了具足戒后,自己既不使她隔离守护,也不安排别人使她隔离守护。结果,她原来的丈夫把她带走了。那些少欲的比丘尼们对此不满、批评、指责说:“圣姑偷兰难陀怎么能为共住弟子授了具足戒后,既不自己使她隔离守护,也不安排别人使她隔离守护呢?结果她的丈夫把她带走了!如果这位比丘尼当时离开了,她丈夫还能带得走她吗?”…… “诸比丘,偷兰难陀比丘尼真的为她的一位共住弟子授了具足戒后,既不使她隔离守护,也不安排别人使她隔离守护,结果她的丈夫把她带走了吗?” “是真的,世尊。” 佛陀世尊呵责说:“诸比丘,偷兰难陀比丘尼怎么能这么做呢!为共住弟子授了具足戒后,既不自己使她隔离守护,也不安排别人使她隔离守护,结果她的丈夫把她带走了!诸比丘,这样做不能让那些还没生起信心的人生起信心,也不能让已经生起信心的人增长信心……诸比丘,比丘尼们应该这样诵出这条学处——
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena thullanandā bhikkhunī sahajīviniṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā neva vūpakāseti na vūpakāsāpeti. Sāmiko aggahesi. Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā…pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma ayyā thullanandā sahajīviniṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā neva vūpakāsessati na vūpakāsāpessati, sāmiko aggahesi ! Sacāyaṃ bhikkhunī pakkantā assa, na ca sāmiko gaṇheyyā’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, thullanandā bhikkhunī sahajīviniṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā neva vūpakāseti na vūpakāsāpeti , sāmiko aggahesīti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, thullanandā bhikkhunī sahajīviniṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā neva vūpakāsessati na vūpakāsāpessati, sāmiko aggahesi! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddisantu –
1116若比丘尼度共住弟子后,既不令其远行、也不安排其远行哪怕五六由旬,犯波逸提。
‘‘Yā pana bhikkhunī sahajīviniṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā neva vūpakāseyya na vūpakāsāpeyya antamaso chappañcayojanānipi, pācittiya’’nti.
1117“凡……者”,是指凡是这样的、如此这般的……(中略)……“比丘尼”,是指……(中略)……此处所指的,正是这个意义上的比丘尼。
Yā panāti yā yādisā…pe… bhikkhunīti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.
“共住弟子”是指同住弟子。“授了具足戒后”是指令她受具足戒之后。“不亲自令她离开”是指自己不令她离开。“不让别人令她离开”是指不命令他人令她离开。只要生起“我既不亲自令她离开,也不让别人令她离开,即使只是五六由旬也不”这样的念头,一旦放下责任,就犯波逸提。
Sahajīvinī nāma saddhivihārinī vuccati. Vuṭṭhāpetvāti upasampādetvā. Neva vūpakāseyyāti na sayaṃ vūpakāseyya. Na vūpakāsāpeyyāti na aññaṃ āṇāpeyya. ‘‘Neva vūpakāsessāmi na vūpakāsāpessāmi antamaso chappañcayojanānipī’’ti dhuraṃ nikkhittamatte āpatti pācittiyassa.
1118无犯情况:存在障碍;寻找了但找不到第二位比丘尼来教导;受戒者生病;遭遇危难;受戒者精神失常;最初犯戒者。
Anāpatti sati antarāye, pariyesitvā dutiyikaṃ bhikkhuniṃ na labhati, gilānāya, āpadāsu, ummattikāya, ādikammikāyāti.