6. 现观品
6. Abhisamayavaggo
12. 谛相应 · 27 段
1. 指甲尖经
1. Nakhasikhasuttaṃ
1121那时,世尊以指甲尖沾起少许尘土,对比丘们说:“比丘们,你们认为如何?是我指甲尖上的这点尘土多,还是这大地多?”“世尊,大地极多。世尊指甲尖上的尘土微乎其微。与大地相比,世尊指甲尖上的少许尘土,不可计数、无法比拟、不成比例。”“同样地,比丘们,对于具足正见、已现观的圣弟子补特伽罗,已断尽、已灭的苦蕴甚多,所余极少。与那已断尽、已灭的过去苦蕴相比,所余的极微,不可计数、无法比拟、不成比例,最多不过七次转生。他如实了知‘这是苦’……如实了知‘这是导至苦灭之道’。”
Atha kho bhagavā parittaṃ nakhasikhāyaṃ paṃsuṃ āropetvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ – yo vāyaṃ mayā paritto nakhasikhāyaṃ paṃsu āropito, ayaṃ vā mahāpathavī’’ti? ‘‘Etadeva, bhante, bahutaraṃ yadidaṃ – mahāpathavī; appamattakāyaṃ bhagavatā paritto nakhasikhāyaṃ paṃsu āropito. Saṅkhampi na upeti, upanidhampi na upeti, kalabhāgampi na upeti mahāpathaviṃ upanidhāya bhagavatā paritto nakhasikhāyaṃ paṃsu āropito’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa diṭṭhisampannassa puggalassa abhisametāvino etadeva bahutaraṃ dukkhaṃ yadidaṃ parikkhīṇaṃ pariyādinnaṃ; appamattakaṃ avasiṭṭhaṃ. Saṅkhampi na upeti, upanidhampi na upeti, kalabhāgampi na upeti purimaṃ dukkhakkhandhaṃ parikkhīṇaṃ pariyādinnaṃ upanidhāya yadidaṃ sattakkhattuparamatā; yo ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti’’.
“诸比丘,因此,应当精勤于‘这是苦’……应当精勤于‘这是导至苦灭之道’。”第一经。
‘‘Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yogo karaṇīyo…pe… ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yogo karaṇīyo’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
2. 莲池经
2. Pokkharaṇīsuttaṃ
1122“诸比丘,譬如有一莲池,长五十由旬,宽五十由旬,深五十由旬,池水盈满至岸,乌鸦得以啜饮。有人用草尖从中取水。诸比丘,你们认为如何——是草尖所取的水多,还是莲池中的水多?”“尊者,莲池中的水更多;草尖所取的水极少。与莲池之水相比,草尖所取的水不可计数,不可比拟,不及其一分。”“诸比丘,同样地,对于圣弟子……应作精勤。”第二经。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, pokkharaṇī paññāsayojanāni āyāmena, paññāsayojanāni vitthārena, paññāsayojanāni ubbedhena, puṇṇā udakassa samatittikā kākapeyyā. Tato puriso kusaggena udakaṃ uddhareyya. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ – yaṃ vā kusaggena ubbhataṃ, yaṃ vā pokkharaṇiyā udaka’’nti? ‘‘Etadeva, bhante, bahutaraṃ, yadidaṃ – pokkharaṇiyā udakaṃ; appamattakaṃ kusaggena udakaṃ ubbhataṃ. Saṅkhampi na upeti, upanidhampi na upeti, kalabhāgampi na upeti pokkharaṇiyā udakaṃ upanidhāya kusaggena udakaṃ ubbhata’’nti. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa…pe… yogo karaṇīyo’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
3. 第一合流经
3. Paṭhamasaṃbhejjasuttaṃ
1123“诸比丘,正如这些大河汇聚合流之处——恒河、耶牟那河、阿吉拉瓦底河、萨罗浮河、摩醯河,有人从那里取出两三点水滴。诸比丘,你们意下如何?是被取出的这两三点水滴多,还是那交汇之水多呢?”“尊者,此交汇之水为多,那被取出的两三点水滴极其微少。与那交汇之水相比,被取出的两三点水滴不可计数、不可比拟,连小部分也算不上。”“诸比丘,同样地,对圣弟子而言……应行精勤。”第三经。
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, yatthimā mahānadiyo saṃsandanti samenti, seyyathidaṃ – gaṅgā, yamunā, aciravatī, sarabhū, mahī, tato puriso dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni uddhareyya. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ – yāni dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni ubbhatāni, yaṃ vā saṃbhejjaudaka’’nti? ‘‘Etadeva, bhante, bahutaraṃ, yadidaṃ – saṃbhejjaudakaṃ; appamattakāni dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni ubbhatāni. Saṅkhampi na upenti , upanidhampi na upenti, kalabhāgampi na upenti saṃbhejjaudakaṃ upanidhāya dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni ubbhatānī’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa…pe… yogo karaṇīyo’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
4. 第二合流经
4. Dutiyasaṃbhejjasuttaṃ
1124“诸比丘,譬如在大河汇合、会流之处——即恒河、耶牟那河、阿吉拉瓦底河、萨罗浮河与摩醯河——那里的水除了两、三滴水珠之外,全部会耗尽、消失。诸比丘,你们认为如何:是已耗尽、已消失的汇流之水多,还是剩下的两、三滴水珠多?”“尊者,已耗尽、已消失的汇流之水更多;剩下的两、三滴水珠极少。比起已耗尽、已消失的汇流之水,这两、三滴水珠无法计算,无法比较,不及其一分。”“同样地,诸比丘,对圣弟子而言……应作精勤。”第四经
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yatthimā mahānadiyo saṃsandanti samenti, seyyathidaṃ – gaṅgā, yamunā, aciravatī, sarabhū, mahī, taṃ udakaṃ parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya, ṭhapetvā dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni . Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ – yaṃ vā saṃbhejjaudakaṃ parikkhīṇaṃ pariyādinnaṃ, yāni dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni avasiṭṭhānī’’ti? ‘‘Etadeva, bhante, bahutaraṃ saṃbhejjaudakaṃ yadidaṃ parikkhīṇaṃ pariyādinnaṃ; appamattakāni dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni avasiṭṭhāni. Saṅkhampi na upenti, upanidhampi na upenti, kalabhāgampi na upenti saṃbhejjaudakaṃ parikkhīṇaṃ pariyādinnaṃ upanidhāya dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni avasiṭṭhānī’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa…pe… yogo karaṇīyo’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
5. 第一大地经
5. Paṭhamamahāpathavīsuttaṃ
1125“诸比丘,譬如有人,将七颗枣核大小的泥丸放置在这大地上。诸比丘,你们认为如何?是这所放下的七颗枣核大小的泥丸多,还是大地多?”“世尊,这大地本身更多;那放下的七颗枣核大小的泥丸极其微少。那七颗枣核大小的泥丸与大地相比,根本算不上数,无法相提并论,连零头都不及。”“正是如此,诸比丘,对于一位圣弟子……应当精勤努力。” 第五经。
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, puriso mahāpathaviyā satta kolaṭṭhimattiyo guḷikā upanikkhipeyya. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ – yā vā satta kolaṭṭhimattiyo guḷikā upanikkhittā, ayaṃ vā mahāpathavī’’ti? ‘‘Etadeva, bhante, bahutaraṃ, yadidaṃ – mahāpathavī; appamattikā satta kolaṭṭhimattiyo guḷikā upanikkhittā. Saṅkhampi na upenti, upanidhampi na upenti, kalabhāgampi na upenti mahāpathaviṃ upanidhāya satta kolaṭṭhimattiyo guḷikā upanikkhittā’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa…pe… yogo karaṇīyo’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
6. 第二大地经
6. Dutiyamahāpathavīsuttaṃ
1126“诸比丘,犹如大地被完全消磨殆尽,只留下七颗枣核大小的泥丸。诸比丘,你们认为如何?是那已经消尽、不复存在的大地更多,还是残存的这七颗枣核大小的泥丸更多?”“世尊,那已经消尽、不复存在的大地本身更多;残存的七颗枣核大小的泥丸极为稀少。这残存的七颗枣核大小的泥丸与已消尽的大地相比,根本算不上数,无法相提并论,连一个零头都不到。”“同样地,诸比丘,对于一位圣弟子……应当精勤努力。” 第六经。
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, mahāpathavī parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya ṭhapetvā satta kolaṭṭhimattiyo guḷikā. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ – yaṃ vā mahāpathaviyā parikkhīṇaṃ pariyādinnaṃ , yā vā satta kolaṭṭhimattiyo guḷikā avasiṭṭhā’’ti? ‘‘Etadeva, bhante, bahutaraṃ mahāpathaviyā yadidaṃ parikkhīṇaṃ pariyādinnaṃ; appamattikā satta kolaṭṭhimattiyo guḷikā avasiṭṭhā. Saṅkhampi na upenti, upanidhampi na upenti, kalabhāgampi na upenti mahāpathaviyā parikkhīṇaṃ pariyādinnaṃ upanidhāya satta kolaṭṭhimattiyo guḷikā avasiṭṭhā’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa…pe… yogo karaṇīyo’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
7. 第一大海经
7. Paṭhamamahāsamuddasuttaṃ
1127“诸比丘,犹如有人从大海中取出两三滴水珠。诸比丘,你们认为如何——是那取出的两三滴水珠多,还是大海中的水更多?” “世尊,大海中的水实为更多,那取出的两三滴水珠微乎其微。那两三滴水珠与大海之水相较,不可计数,无从比拟,乃至不及其中一分。” “正是如此,诸比丘,对于一位圣弟子而言……应于此法精勤努力。” 第七经。
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, puriso mahāsamuddato dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni uddhareyya. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ – yāni dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni ubbhatāni, yaṃ vā mahāsamudde udaka’’nti? ‘‘Etadeva, bhante, bahutaraṃ, yadidaṃ – mahāsamudde udakaṃ; appamattakāni dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni ubbhatāni. Saṅkhampi na upenti, upanidhampi na upenti, kalabhāgampi na upenti mahāsamudde udakaṃ upanidhāya dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni ubbhatānī’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa…pe… yogo karaṇīyo’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
8. 第二大海经
8. Dutiyamahāsamuddasuttaṃ
1128“诸比丘,犹如大海里的水干涸耗尽、蒸发无余,只剩两三滴水珠。诸比丘,你们认为如何?是那已干涸蒸发的大海水更多,还是那剩下的两三滴水珠更多?” “世尊,那已干涸的大海水本身更多;剩下的两三滴水珠微不足道。那两三滴水珠与已干涸的大海水相比,根本不算什么,无法相提并论,连零头都不到。” “正是如此,诸比丘,对于一位圣弟子来说……应当精勤努力。” 第八经。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde udakaṃ parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya ṭhapetvā dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ – yaṃ vā mahāsamudde udakaṃ parikkhīṇaṃ pariyādinnaṃ, yāni dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni avasiṭṭhānī’’ti? ‘‘Etadeva, bhante, bahutaraṃ mahāsamudde udakaṃ yadidaṃ parikkhīṇaṃ pariyādinnaṃ; appamattakāni dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni avasiṭṭhāni. Saṅkhampi na upenti, upanidhampi na upenti, kalabhāgampi na upenti mahāsamudde udakaṃ parikkhīṇaṃ pariyādinnaṃ upanidhāya dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni avasiṭṭhānī’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa…pe… yogo karaṇīyo’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
9. 第一山喻经
9. Paṭhamapabbatūpamasuttaṃ
1129“诸比丘,这就好比有个人,在雪山王边上放上七颗芥子大小的沙砾。你们怎么看,诸比丘,哪样更多——是这放下的七颗芥子大小的沙砾多,还是这雪山王更多?” “世尊,这雪山王本身就是更多的一方;放下的那七颗芥子大小的沙砾少得可怜。那七颗芥子大小的沙砾和雪山王比起来,根本不算数,没法相比,连一个零头都够不上。” “正是如此,诸比丘,对于一位圣弟子来说……应当精勤努力。” 第九经。
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, puriso himavato pabbatarājassa satta sāsapamattiyo pāsāṇasakkharā upanikkhipeyya. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ – yā vā satta sāsapamattiyo pāsāṇasakkharā upanikkhittā, ayaṃ vā himavā pabbatarājā’’ti? ‘‘Etadeva, bhante, bahutaraṃ, yadidaṃ – himavā pabbatarājā; appamattikā satta sāsapamattiyo pāsāṇasakkharā upanikkhittā. Saṅkhampi na upenti, upanidhampi na upenti, kalabhāgampi na upenti himavantaṃ pabbatarājānaṃ upanidhāya satta sāsapamattiyo pāsāṇasakkharā upanikkhittā’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa…pe… yogo karaṇīyo’’ti. Navamaṃ.
10. 第二山喻经
10. Dutiyapabbatūpamasuttaṃ
1130“诸比丘,犹如雪山王尽皆磨灭,彻底耗尽,仅剩七颗芥子大小的沙砾。诸比丘,于意云何?是这已磨灭、已消失的雪山王更多,还是那剩下的七颗芥子大小的沙砾更多?”“世尊,这已磨灭、已消失的雪山王本身才是更多的一方;剩余的七颗芥子大小的沙砾微不足道。与已磨灭的雪山王相比,这剩余的沙砾不可计数,无法比拟,连零头都不及。”“正是如此,诸比丘,对于具足正见、已现观真理的圣弟子而言,这已彻底灭尽、完全止息的苦正是更多的那一方;剩余的微乎其微。与先前已灭尽、已耗尽的苦蕴相比,这最多仅剩七次生死轮回的苦,实不算数,无法相比,连零头都不及。他如实了知‘这是苦’……如实了知‘这是导向苦灭的道路’。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, himavā pabbatarājā parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya, ṭhapetvā satta sāsapamattiyo pāsāṇasakkharā. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ – yaṃ vā himavato pabbatarājassa parikkhīṇaṃ pariyādinnaṃ, yā vā satta sāsapamattiyo pāsāṇasakkharā avasiṭṭhā’’ti? ‘‘Etadeva, bhante, bahutaraṃ himavato pabbatarājassa yadidaṃ parikkhīṇaṃ pariyādinnaṃ; appamattikā satta sāsapamattiyo pāsāṇasakkharā avasiṭṭhā. Saṅkhampi na upenti, upanidhampi na upenti, kalabhāgampi na upenti himavato pabbatarājassa parikkhīṇaṃ pariyādinnaṃ upanidhāya satta sāsapamattiyo pāsāṇasakkharā avasiṭṭhā’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa diṭṭhisampannassa puggalassa abhisametāvino etadeva bahutaraṃ dukkhaṃ yadidaṃ parikkhīṇaṃ pariyādinnaṃ; appamattakaṃ avasiṭṭhaṃ. Saṅkhampi na upeti, upanidhampi na upeti, kalabhāgampi na upeti purimaṃ dukkhakkhandhaṃ parikkhīṇaṃ pariyādinnaṃ upanidhāya yadidaṃ sattakkhattuparamatā; yo ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti’’.
“诸比丘,因此,应当精勤于‘这是苦’……应当精勤于‘这是导至苦灭之道’。”第十经。
‘‘Tasmātiha , bhikkhave, ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yogo karaṇīyo…pe… ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yogo karaṇīyo’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
指甲尖喻、莲池喻,另有两则合流喻;
二大地喻、二大海喻,又有二山喻。
Nakhasikhā pokkharaṇī, saṃbhejja apare duve; Pathavī dve samuddā dve, dvemā ca pabbatūpamāti.