11. 入流相应巴利 11. Sotāpattisaṃyuttaṃ
全书 410 段
「第一品」竹门品巴利
1. Veḷudvāravaggo
1. 转轮王经巴利
1. Cakkavattirājasuttaṃ
997 事在舍卫城(Sāvatthī) 。那时,世尊……(中略)……对诸比丘这样说:“诸比丘!即便一位转轮王统御四大洲,握有王权与治权,身坏命终后往生善趣、天界,与三十三天众共住,在欢喜园(Nandana) 中被天女众围绕,具足并受用五种天欲乐,他若未具足四法,便仍未能解脱地狱、未解脱畜生界、未解脱饿鬼界、未解脱恶趣、苦界、堕处。然而,诸比丘!即便一位圣弟子仅以抟食活命,身着粪扫衣,他若具足四法,便已解脱地狱、已解脱畜生界、已解脱饿鬼界、已解脱恶趣、苦界、堕处。”巴利 注疏 2
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Tatra kho bhagavā…pe… etadavoca – ‘‘kiñcāpi, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī catunnaṃ dīpānaṃ issariyādhipaccaṃ rajjaṃ kāretvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sahabyataṃ, so tattha nandane vane accharāsaṅghaparivuto dibbehi ca pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti, so catūhi dhammehi asamannāgato, atha kho so aparimuttova nirayā aparimutto tiracchānayoniyā aparimutto pettivisayā aparimutto apāyaduggativinipātā. Kiñcāpi, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako piṇḍiyālopena yāpeti, nantakāni ca dhāreti, so catūhi dhammehi samannāgato, atha kho so parimutto nirayā parimutto tiracchānayoniyā parimutto pettivisayā parimutto apāyaduggativinipātā’’.
“是哪四种呢?诸比丘!这里,圣弟子对佛陀具足坚固不移的净信:‘那一位世尊正是这样:阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上士调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。’他对法具足坚固不移的净信:‘世尊所善说的法,是当下可见的、不待时节的、欢迎来见的、导向解脱的、智者各自证知的。’他对僧具足坚固不移的净信:‘世尊的声闻僧团是善行者,世尊的声闻僧团是正直行者,世尊的声闻僧团是如理行者,世尊的声闻僧团是正当行者,即四双八辈之士;这位世尊的声闻僧团,应受供养、应受款待、应受布施、应受合掌礼敬,是世间无上的福田。’他具足圣者所称许的戒行,这些戒行不毁坏、不穿破、不斑污、不杂色、自在、为智者所称叹、不执取、能导向定。他具足这四法。诸比丘!得到四大洲的成就,与得到这四法的成就相比,四大洲的得到尚不及这四法得到的十六分之一。”第一经。巴利
‘‘Katamehi catūhi? Idha , bhikkhave, ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti . Dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’ti. Saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ujuppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ñāyappaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, sāmīcippaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, yadidaṃ – cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā, esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho āhuneyyo pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’ti. Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti akhaṇḍehi acchiddehi asabalehi akammāsehi bhujissehi viññuppasatthehi aparāmaṭṭhehi samādhisaṃvattanikehi. Imehi catūhi dhammehi samannāgato hoti. Yo ca, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ dīpānaṃ paṭilābho, yo catunnaṃ dhammānaṃ paṭilābho catunnaṃ dīpānaṃ paṭilābho catunnaṃ dhammānaṃ paṭilābhassa kalaṃ nāgghati soḷasi’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.
2. 深入梵行经巴利
2. Brahmacariyogadhasuttaṃ
998 “诸比丘,圣弟子若具足四法,便为入流者,不堕恶趣,决定,以正觉为究竟。巴利 注疏 2
‘‘Catūhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato ariyasāvako sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo.
“是哪四法呢?诸比丘,于此,圣弟子对佛陀具足不坏净:‘彼世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上士调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。’于法……于僧……他具足圣者所称赞的戒,无有缺漏……能导向定。诸比丘,正是具足这四法,圣弟子成为入流者,不堕恶趣,决定,以正觉为究竟。”第二经。巴利
‘‘Katamehi catūhi? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Dhamme…pe… saṅghe…pe… ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti akhaṇḍehi…pe… samādhisaṃvattanikehi. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato ariyasāvako sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’’ti.
这是世尊所说。善逝如此说后,导师又继续开示:巴利
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
“ 凡具足信与戒、澄净与见法者,
他们必能适时证得那沉浸于梵行的安乐。第二经。巴利
‘‘Yesaṃ saddhā ca sīlañca, pasādo dhammadassanaṃ; Te ve kālena paccenti, brahmacariyogadhaṃ sukha’’nti. dutiyaṃ;
3. 长生童子近事男经巴利
3. Dīghāvuupāsakasuttaṃ
999 一时,世尊住在王舍城(Rājagaha) 的竹林迦兰陀园(Kalanda) 。那时,近事男长生童子童子(Dīghāvu) 患病,痛苦,所患沉重。他告诉父亲居士乔帝咖说:“居士,请您去世尊那里,代我以头面礼敬世尊双足,并说:‘尊者,近事男长生童子童子身患重病,痛苦不堪。他以头面礼敬世尊双足。’再这样说:‘尊者,愿世尊悲悯,前往近事男长生童子童子的住处。’”“好的,孩子。”居士乔帝咖答应了近事男长生童子童子,便去世尊那里。到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐下的居士乔帝咖对世尊说:“尊者,近事男长生童子童子病重,痛苦难忍。他以头面礼敬世尊双足,并这么说:‘尊者,愿世尊悲悯,前往近事男长生童子童子的住处。’”世尊默然应允。巴利 注疏 2
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena dīghāvu upāsako ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho dīghāvu upāsako pitaraṃ jotikaṃ gahapatiṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, gahapati, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vanda – ‘dīghāvu, bhante , upāsako ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. So bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī’ti. Evañca vadehi – ‘sādhu kira, bhante, bhagavā yena dīghāvussa upāsakassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, tātā’’ti kho jotiko gahapati dīghāvussa upāsakassa paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho jotiko gahapati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘dīghāvu, bhante, upāsako ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno . So bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati. Evañca vadeti – ‘sādhu kira, bhante, bhagavā yena dīghāvussa upāsakassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.
那时,世尊着下衣,持钵与衣,前往近事男长生童子童子的住所。到了之后,坐在铺设好的座位上。坐下后,世尊对近事男长生童子童子说:“长生童子童子,你是否能堪忍?是否能维持?苦受是否在减退而非增长?是否有减退的迹象可见,而非增长?”
“尊者,我无法堪忍,难以维持。我的剧苦正在增长而非减退,增长之相可见而非减退。”
“既然如此,长生童子童子,你应当这样学:‘我将具备对佛陀不动摇的净信——彼世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上士调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。对法……对僧……我将具备圣者所称赞的戒,无缺……导向定。’长生童子童子,你应当这样学。”巴利
Atha kho bhagavā nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena dīghāvussa upāsakassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā dīghāvuṃ upāsakaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kacci te, dīghāvu, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ? Kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti, no abhikkamanti; paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no abhikkamo’’ti? ‘‘Na me, bhante, khamanīyaṃ, na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo’’ti. ‘‘Tasmātiha te, dīghāvu, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato bhavissāmi – itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavāti. Dhamme…pe… saṅghe…pe… ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato bhavissāmi akhaṇḍehi…pe… samādhisaṃvattanikehi’. Evañhi te, dīghāvu, sikkhitabba’’nti.
“尊者,世尊所开示的四入流支,这些法皆在我之中,我也在这些法中清晰显现。尊者,我确实对佛具足不动信——‘彼世尊就是如此……(中略)……天人师、佛陀、世尊。’于法……(中略)……于僧……(中略)……我具足为圣者所爱的戒,无缺……(中略)……能导向定。”
“长生童子童子,既然如此,你便应安住于这四入流支,进而修习六种明分法。长生童子童子,你应安住于一切行中随观无常,于无常中修习苦想,于苦中修习无我想,并修习断想、离贪想、灭想。长生童子童子,你应当这样修学。”巴利
‘‘Yānimāni, bhante, bhagavatā cattāri sotāpattiyaṅgāni desitāni, saṃvijjante te dhammā mayi, ahañca tesu dhammesu sandissāmi. Ahañhi, bhante, buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato – itipi so bhagavā…pe… satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavāti. Dhamme…pe… saṅghe…pe… ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato akhaṇḍehi…pe… samādhisaṃvattanikehī’’ti . ‘‘Tasmātiha tvaṃ, dīghāvu, imesu catūsu sotāpattiyaṅgesu patiṭṭhāya cha vijjābhāgiye dhamme uttari bhāveyyāsi. Idha tvaṃ, dīghāvu, sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassī viharāhi, anicce dukkhasaññī, dukkhe anattasaññī pahānasaññī virāgasaññī nirodhasaññīti. Evañhi te, dīghāvu, sikkhitabba’’nti.
“尊者,世尊所开示的六种明分法,这些法皆在我之中,我也在这些法中明白可见。尊者,我确实安住于一切行中随观无常,于无常中修习苦想,于苦中修习无我想,修习断想、离贪想、灭想。然而尊者,我心中生起这样的念头:‘愿这位居士周帝咖(Jotika) 在我死后不要遭受损害。’”“长生童子童子,你不应作意于此。来,长生童子童子,对于世尊对你所说的一切,你应当善加作意。”巴利
‘‘Yeme, bhante, bhagavatā cha vijjābhāgiyā dhammā desitā, saṃvijjante te dhammā mayi, ahañca tesu dhammesu sandissāmi. Ahañhi, bhante, sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassī viharāmi, anicce dukkhasaññī, dukkhe anattasaññī pahānasaññī virāgasaññī nirodhasaññī. Api ca me, bhante, evaṃ hoti – ‘mā hevāyaṃ jotiko gahapati mamaccayena vighātaṃ āpajjī’’’ti . ‘‘Mā tvaṃ, tāta dīghāvu, evaṃ manasākāsi. Iṅgha tvaṃ, tāta dīghāvu, yadeva te bhagavā āha, tadeva tvaṃ sādhukaṃ manasi karohī’’ti.
那时,世尊以此教诫教导了长生童子童子近事男后,便从座起身离去。世尊离去后不久,长生童子童子近事男便命终了。于是,众多比丘来到世尊那里,礼敬世尊,退坐一面。退坐一面的比丘们这样对世尊说:“尊者!那位名叫长生童子童子的近事男,在得到世尊简短的教诫后便命终了。他往生何处?他的来世如何?”
“诸比丘,长生童子童子近事男是智者。他依法随法而行,并未在法上给我带来困挠。诸比丘,长生童子童子近事男因彻底断除了五下分结,成为化生者,在那里般涅槃,不再从那世间回来。”第三经。巴利
Atha kho bhagavā dīghāvuṃ upāsakaṃ iminā ovādena ovaditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Atha kho dīghāvu upāsako acirapakkantassa bhagavato kālamakāsi. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘yo so, bhante, dīghāvu nāma upāsako bhagavatā saṃkhittena ovādena ovadito so kālaṅkato. Tassa kā gati, ko abhisamparāyo’’ti? ‘‘Paṇḍito, bhikkhave, dīghāvu upāsako, paccapādi dhammassānudhammaṃ, na ca maṃ dhammādhikaraṇaṃ vihesesi . Dīghāvu, bhikkhave, upāsako pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
4. 第一舍利弗经巴利
4. Paṭhamasāriputtasuttaṃ
1000 一时,舍利弗尊者(Sāriputta) 与阿难尊者(Ānanda) 住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,阿难尊者在傍晚从禅坐起身……坐在一旁。坐定后,阿难尊者对舍利弗尊者这样说:“朋友舍利弗,由于具足哪些法,世尊授记这些众生为入流者,不堕恶趣,决定趣向正觉呢?”
“朋友,由于具足四法,世尊授记这些众生为入流者,不堕恶趣,决定趣向正觉。”巴利 注疏 2
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca ānando sāvatthiyaṃ viharanti jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā ānando sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katinaṃ nu kho, āvuso sāriputta, dhammānaṃ samannāgamanahetu evamayaṃ pajā bhagavatā byākatā sotāpannā avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā’’ti ? ‘‘Catunnaṃ kho, āvuso, dhammānaṃ samannāgamanahetu evamayaṃ pajā bhagavatā byākatā sotāpannā avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā’’.
“哪四种?朋友,在这里,圣弟子具足对佛陀的不坏净信——所谓:彼世尊……天人师、佛陀、世尊。于法……于僧……他具足圣者所欣的戒,无缺……导向定。朋友,由具足这四法,世尊授记这些众生为入流者,不堕恶趣,决定趣向正觉。”第四经。巴利
‘‘Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Idhāvuso, ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – itipi so bhagavā…pe… satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavāti. Dhamme…pe… saṅghe…pe… ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti akhaṇḍehi…pe… samādhisaṃvattanikehi. Imesaṃ kho, āvuso, catunnaṃ dhammānaṃ samannāgamanahetu evamayaṃ pajā bhagavatā byākatā sotāpannā avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
5. 第二 舍利弗经巴利
5. Dutiyasāriputtasuttaṃ
1001 那时,舍利弗尊者前往世尊处,上前礼敬世尊后,坐于一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的舍利弗尊者说:“舍利弗,所谓‘入流支,入流支’。那么,舍利弗,什么是入流支呢?”
“尊者,亲近善士是入流支,听闻正法是入流支,如理作意是入流支,法随法行是入流支。”
“萨度(sādhu,古译:善哉) ,萨度,舍利弗!确实,舍利弗,亲近善士是入流支,听闻正法是入流支,如理作意是入流支,法随法行是入流支。”巴利 注疏 2
Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘‘sotāpattiyaṅgaṃ, sotāpattiyaṅga’nti hidaṃ, sāriputta, vuccati. Katamaṃ nu kho sāriputta, sotāpattiyaṅga’’nti? ‘‘Sappurisasaṃsevo hi, bhante, sotāpattiyaṅgaṃ, saddhammassavanaṃ sotāpattiyaṅgaṃ, yonisomanasikāro sotāpattiyaṅgaṃ, dhammānudhammappaṭipatti sotāpattiyaṅga’’nti. ‘‘Sādhu sādhu, sāriputta! Sappurisasaṃsevo hi, sāriputta, sotāpattiyaṅgaṃ, saddhammassavanaṃ sotāpattiyaṅgaṃ, yonisomanasikāro sotāpattiyaṅgaṃ, dhammānudhammappaṭipatti sotāpattiyaṅgaṃ’’.
“舍利弗,所谓‘流’、‘流’。舍利弗,什么是流呢?”
“尊者,这八支圣道即是流,也就是:正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。”
“萨度,萨度,舍利弗!舍利弗,这八支圣道即是流,也就是:正见……正定。”巴利
‘‘‘Soto, soto’ti hidaṃ, sāriputta, vuccati. Katamo nu kho, sāriputta, soto’’ti? ‘‘Ayameva hi, bhante, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo soto, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammāājīvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati, sammāsamādhī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu sādhu, sāriputta! Ayameva hi, sāriputta, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo soto, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhi’’.
“舍利弗,人们常说‘入流者’、‘入流者’。舍利弗,什么样的人是入流者呢?”
“尊者,凡是具足此圣八支道的人,就称为入流者,也就是那位具寿——有如此的名、有如此的姓。”
“萨度!萨度!舍利弗!舍利弗,凡是具足此圣八支道的人,就称为入流者,也就是那位具寿——有如此的名、有如此的姓。”第五经。巴利
‘‘‘Sotāpanno , sotāpanno’ti hidaṃ, sāriputta, vuccati. Katamo nu kho, sāriputta, sotāpanno’’ti ? ‘‘Yo hi, bhante, iminā ariyena aṭṭhaṅgikena maggena samannāgato ayaṃ vuccati sotāpanno, svāyaṃ āyasmā evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu sādhu, sāriputta! Yo hi, sāriputta, iminā ariyena aṭṭhaṅgikena maggena samannāgato ayaṃ vuccati sotāpanno, svāyaṃ āyasmā evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
1002 舍卫城因缘。那时,众多比丘正为世尊缝制衣服,他们心想:“世尊的衣服完成后,雨安居三月期满,就将外出游行了。”那时,监工伊斯达达与布拉那(Isidattapurāṇā) 正好因有要事,住在萨度卡。监工伊斯达达与布拉那听说:“众多比丘正为世尊缝制衣服,他们心想:‘世尊的衣服完成后,雨安居三月期满,就将外出游行了。’”巴利 注疏 2
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū bhagavato cīvarakammaṃ karonti – ‘‘niṭṭhitacīvaro bhagavā temāsaccayena cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’’ti. Tena kho pana samayena isidattapurāṇā thapatayo sādhuke paṭivasanti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Assosuṃ kho isidattapurāṇā thapatayo – ‘‘sambahulā kira bhikkhū bhagavato cīvarakammaṃ karonti – ‘niṭṭhitacīvaro bhagavā temāsaccayena cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’’’ti.
其时,工头伊斯达达(Isidatta) 与老布拉那在路上安派了一个人,交代他说:“朋友,你什么时候看见世尊——那位阿拉汉、正自觉者——来了,就来通知我们。”那个人等了两三天,远远望见世尊正走来。看见之后,便前往工头伊斯达达与老布拉那那里,到了之后对他们说:“两位尊者,世尊、那位阿拉汉、正自觉者来了。现在请您们随宜安排时间吧。”巴利
Atha kho isidattapurāṇā thapatayo magge purisaṃ ṭhapesuṃ – ‘‘yadā tvaṃ, ambho purisa, passeyyāsi bhagavantaṃ āgacchantaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ, atha amhākaṃ āroceyyāsī’’ti. Dvīhatīhaṃ ṭhito kho so puriso addasa bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna yena isidattapurāṇā thapatayo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā isidattapurāṇe thapatayo etadavoca – ‘‘ayaṃ so, bhante, bhagavā āgacchati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. Yassa dāni kālaṃ maññathā’’ti.
其时,工头伊斯达达与老布拉那便前去拜见世尊。到了之后,礼敬世尊,跟在世尊身后。那时,世尊离开大路,走向一棵树下,在铺好的座位上坐下。工头伊斯达达与老布拉那礼敬世尊后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁后,他们对世尊说:巴利
Atha kho isidattapurāṇā thapatayo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhiṃsu. Atha kho bhagavā maggā okkamma yena aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Isidattapurāṇā thapatayo bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te isidattapurāṇā thapatayo bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ –
“尊者,每当我们听闻‘世尊将离开舍卫城,前往憍萨罗国(Kosala) 境内游化’,那时我们便不悦,心生忧恼,心想:‘世尊将离我们很远了。’又,尊者,每当我们听闻‘世尊已离开舍卫城,前往憍萨罗国境内游化’,那时我们同样不悦,心生忧恼,心想:‘世尊已离我们很远了。’”巴利
‘‘Yadā mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘sāvatthiyā kosalesu cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti domanassaṃ – ‘dūre no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘sāvatthiyā kosalesu cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti , hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti domanassaṃ – ‘dūre no bhagavā’’’ti.
“尊者,每当我们听说‘世尊将离开憍萨罗国,前往末罗人中游化’时,我们便不悦,心生忧恼:‘世尊就要远离我们了。’而尊者,每当我们听说‘世尊已离开憍萨罗国,前往末罗人中游化’时,我们依然不悦,心生忧恼:‘世尊就要远离我们了。’”巴利
‘‘Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘kosalehi mallesu cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti domanassaṃ – ‘dūre no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante , bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘kosalehi mallesu cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti domanassaṃ – ‘dūre no bhagavā’’’ti.
“尊者,每当我们听说‘世尊将离开末罗国,前往跋耆国游化’时,我们便不悦,心生忧恼:‘世尊就要远离我们了。’而每当我们听说‘世尊已从末罗国出发,前往跋耆国游化’时,我们依然不悦,心生忧恼:‘世尊就要远离我们了。’”巴利
‘‘Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘mallehi vajjīsu cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti domanassaṃ – ‘dūre no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘mallehi vajjīsu cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti domanassaṃ – ‘dūre no bhagavā’’’ti.
“尊者,每当我们听说‘世尊将离开跋耆国,前往迦西国(Kāsi) 游化’时,我们便不悦,心生忧恼:‘世尊就要远离我们了。’而每当我们听说‘世尊已从跋耆国出发,前往迦西国游化’时,我们依然不悦,心生忧恼:‘世尊就要远离我们了。’”巴利
‘‘Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘vajjīhi kāsīsu cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti domanassaṃ – ‘dūre no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘vajjīhi kāsīsu cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti domanassaṃ – ‘dūre no bhagavā’’’ti.
“可是,尊者,当我们听闻‘世尊将从迦西国前往摩揭陀国(Magadha) 游化’时,我们便不悦,心生忧愁:‘世尊将要远离我们。’而当我们听闻‘世尊已从迦西国出发,前往摩揭陀国游化’时,我们便生起很多的不悦,很多的忧愁:‘世尊已经远离我们了。’”巴利
‘‘Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘kāsīhi māgadhe cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti domanassaṃ – ‘dūre no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘kāsīhi māgadhe cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti anappakā no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti anappakaṃ domanassaṃ – ‘dūre no bhagavā’’’ti.
“尊者,当我们听闻‘世尊将从摩揭陀国前往迦西国游化’时,我们便欢喜,心生喜悦:‘世尊将靠近我们。’而当我们听闻‘世尊已从摩揭陀国出发,前往迦西国游化’时,我们也欢喜,心生喜悦:‘世尊已靠近我们。’”巴利
‘‘Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘māgadhehi kāsīsu cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’ti , hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti somanassaṃ – ‘āsanne no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘māgadhehi kāsīsu cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti somanassaṃ – ‘āsanne no bhagavā’’’ti.
“尊者,当我们听闻‘世尊将从迦西国前往跋耆国游化’时,我们便欢喜,心生喜悦:‘世尊将靠近我们。’而当我们听闻‘世尊已从迦西国出发,前往跋耆国游化’时,我们也欢喜,心生喜悦:‘世尊已靠近我们。’”巴利
‘‘Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘kāsīhi vajjīsu cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti somanassaṃ – ‘āsanne no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘kāsīhi vajjīsu cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti somanassaṃ – ‘āsanne no bhagavā’’’ti.
“尊者,每当我们听闻世尊‘将从跋耆出发,游行至末罗’时,我们便心生满足、满怀喜悦:‘世尊将要接近我们了。’尊者,每当我们听闻世尊‘已从跋耆出发,游行至末罗’时,我们便心生满足、满怀喜悦:‘世尊已经接近我们了。’”巴利
‘‘Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘vajjīhi mallesu cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti somanassaṃ – ‘āsanne no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘vajjīhi mallesu cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti somanassaṃ – ‘āsanne no bhagavā’’’ti.
“尊者,每当我们听闻世尊‘将从末罗出发,游行至憍萨罗’时,我们便心生满足、满怀喜悦:‘世尊将要接近我们了。’尊者,每当我们听闻世尊‘已从末罗出发,游行至憍萨罗’时,我们便心生满足、满怀喜悦:‘世尊已经接近我们了。’”巴利
‘‘Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘mallehi kosale cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti somanassaṃ – ‘āsanne no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘mallehi kosale cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti somanassaṃ – ‘āsanne no bhagavā’’’ti.
“尊者,每当我们听闻世尊‘将从憍萨罗出发,游行至舍卫城’时,我们便心生满足、满怀喜悦:‘世尊将要接近我们了。’尊者,每当我们听闻世尊‘住于舍卫城祇树给孤独园’时,我们便生起极大的满足、极大的喜悦:‘世尊已经接近我们了。’”巴利
‘‘Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘kosalehi sāvatthiṃ cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti somanassaṃ – ‘āsanne no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ suṇāma – ‘sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme’ti, hoti anappakā no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti anappakaṃ somanassaṃ – ‘āsanne no bhagavā’’’ti.
“那么,工头们,居家是逼迫,是尘垢之道;出家则是开阔的。仅此,已足以令你们精勤不放逸。”
“尊者,对我们来说,还有另一种逼迫,比这种逼迫更逼迫、更堪称逼迫。”
“工头们,那另一种比这更逼迫、更堪称逼迫的逼迫,是什么呢?”巴利
‘‘Tasmātiha, thapatayo, sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho, abbhokāso pabbajjā. Alañca pana vo, thapatayo, appamādāyā’’ti. ‘‘Atthi kho no, bhante, etamhā sambādhā añño sambādho sambādhataro ceva sambādhasaṅkhātataro cā’’ti. ‘‘Katamo pana vo, thapatayo, etamhā sambādhā añño sambādho sambādhataro ceva sambādhasaṅkhātataro cā’’ti?
“尊者,是这样的:每当憍萨罗国波斯匿王(Pasenadi) 想要出往御花园时,我们便备好国王出巡所乘的大象,然后令国王那些可爱悦意的王妃,一位坐在我们前面,一位坐在我们后面。尊者,那些王族女子的气味,犹如刚打开的香盒那般芬芳,毕竟她们是以香料精心妆饰的王族女子。而她们身体的触感,如同棉絮或木棉那般柔软,毕竟她们是备受养护的王族女子。在那样的时刻,尊者,我们既要照看大象,也要顾护那些王妃,还要守护自己。然而,尊者,我们不记得当时曾对那些王妃生起过任何不善的念头。尊者,这便是我所说的,比那‘逼迫’更逼迫、更可称为逼迫的逼迫了。”巴利
‘‘Idha mayaṃ, bhante, yadā rājā pasenadi kosalo uyyānabhūmiṃ niyyātukāmo hoti, ye te rañño pasenadissa kosalassa nāgā opavayhā te kappetvā, yā tā rañño pasenadissa kosalassa pajāpatiyo piyā manāpā tā ekaṃ purato ekaṃ pacchato nisīdāpema. Tāsaṃ kho pana, bhante, bhaginīnaṃ evarūpo gandho hoti, seyyathāpi nāma gandhakaraṇḍakassa tāvadeva vivariyamānassa, yathā taṃ rājakaññānaṃ gandhena vibhūsitānaṃ. Tāsaṃ kho pana, bhante, bhaginīnaṃ evarūpo kāyasamphasso hoti, seyyathāpi nāma tūlapicuno vā kappāsapicuno vā, yathā taṃ rājakaññānaṃ sukhedhitānaṃ. Tasmiṃ kho pana, bhante, samaye nāgopi rakkhitabbo hoti, tāpi bhaginiyo rakkhitabbā honti, attāpi rakkhitabbo hoti. Na kho pana mayaṃ, bhante, abhijānāma tāsu bhaginīsu pāpakaṃ cittaṃ uppādetā. Ayaṃ kho no, bhante, etamhā sambādhā añño sambādho sambādhataro ceva sambādhasaṅkhātataro cā’’ti.
“因此,工匠们,居家是逼迫,是尘垢之道;出家则是开阔的。仅此,已足以令你们精勤不放逸。工匠们,成就四法的圣弟子,即为入流者,不退堕恶道,决定趣向正觉。”巴利
‘‘Tasmātiha, thapatayo, sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho, abbhokāso pabbajjā. Alañca pana vo, thapatayo, appamādāya. Catūhi kho, thapatayo, dhammehi samannāgato ariyasāvako sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo.
“哪四种呢?诸工匠(殿匠),在此,圣弟子对佛具足不坏净:‘彼世尊是阿拉汉……(中略)……天人师、佛陀、世尊。’对法……(中略)……对僧……(中略)……他以离垢、离悭吝之心住在家中,慷慨施与,毫不吝惜,乐于放下,有求必应,好乐布施与分享。诸工匠(殿匠),具足这四种法的圣弟子即是入流者,得不退堕法,决定趣向正觉。巴利
‘‘Katamehi catūhi? Idha, thapatayo, ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – itipi so bhagavā…pe… satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavāti. Dhamme…pe… saṅghe…pe… vigatamalamaccherena cetasā ajjhāgāraṃ vasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato. Imehi kho, thapatayo, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato ariyasāvako sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo.
“工匠们,你们对佛具足不坏净:‘彼世尊是阿拉汉……(中略)……天人师、佛陀、世尊。’对法……(中略)……对僧……(中略)……再者,家中凡有可施之物,你们全都毫无分别地与那些持戒者、善德者分享。工匠们,你们认为如何?在憍萨罗国中,像你们这样在布施与分享上能相提并论的人,有多少呢?”“尊者,这真是我们的获益,真是我们的大获益!世尊能如此了解我们。”“第六经。巴利
‘‘Tumhe kho, thapatayo, buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgatā – itipi so bhagavā…pe… satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavāti. Dhamme…pe… saṅghe…pe… yaṃ kho pana kiñci kule deyyadhammaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ appaṭivibhattaṃ sīlavantehi kalyāṇadhammehi. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, thapatayo, katividhā te kosalesu manussā ye tumhākaṃ samasamā, yadidaṃ – dānasaṃvibhāge’’ti? ‘‘Lābhā no, bhante, suladdhaṃ no, bhante! Yesaṃ no bhagavā evaṃ pajānātī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
7. 竹门经巴利
7. Veḷudvāreyyasuttaṃ
1003 如是我闻:一时,世尊于憍萨罗国游行,与大比丘僧团一起抵达憍萨罗国一个名为竹门(Veḷudvāra) 的婆罗门村。竹门村的婆罗门居士们听说:“尊者,释迦族的沙门乔达摩(Gotama) ,从释迦族出家,正在憍萨罗国游行,与大比丘僧团一起到了竹门。关于那位乔达摩尊者的好名声是如此传扬的:‘他是世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上士调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。他亲身以胜智证知了这个含摄天、魔、梵,以及沙门、婆罗门、天人众的世间之后,为众生宣说。他说法初善、中善、后亦善,文义俱全,宣示完全圆满、清净的梵行。’能见到这样的阿拉汉,确实是善。巴利 注疏 2
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena veḷudvāraṃ nāma kosalānaṃ brāhmaṇagāmo tadavasari. Assosuṃ kho te veḷudvāreyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā – ‘‘samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito kosalesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ veḷudvāraṃ anuppatto. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā . So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti’. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī’’ti.
那时,竹门村的婆罗门居士们来到世尊跟前。到后,一些人礼敬世尊,坐于一旁;一些人与世尊互致亲切而值得忆念的问候后,坐于一旁;一些人向世尊合掌,坐于一旁;一些人在世尊面前报上姓名与族姓,坐于一旁;另一些人则默然坐于一旁。坐在一旁的竹门村婆罗门居士们对世尊这样说:“乔达摩尊者,我们有这样的愿望、这样的意愿、这样的志向:我们想要住在儿孙满堂的居所,想要享用迦西的旃檀香,佩戴花鬘、香料和香膏,持用金银;身坏命终之后,希望投生善趣、天界。乔达摩尊者,对有如此愿望、如此意愿、如此志向的我们,请您说法,好让我们能住在儿孙满堂的居所……(中略)……能投生善趣、天界。”巴利
Atha kho te veḷudvāreyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā appekacce bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Appekacce bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu; sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Appekacce yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Appekacce bhagavato santike nāmagottaṃ sāvetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Appekacce tuṇhībhūtā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te veḷudvāreyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mayaṃ, bho gotama, evaṃkāmā evaṃchandā evaṃadhippāyā – puttasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvaseyyāma, kāsikacandanaṃ paccanubhaveyyāma, mālāgandhavilepanaṃ dhāreyyāma, jātarūparajataṃ sādiyeyyāma, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyāma. Tesaṃ no bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ evaṃkāmānaṃ evaṃchandānaṃ evaṃadhippāyānaṃ tathā dhammaṃ desetu yathā mayaṃ puttasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvaseyyāma…pe… sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyāmā’’ti.
“居士们,我将为你们说一个可自见所证的教法。你们要谛听,善加作意!我要说了。”
“是,尊者。”竹门村的婆罗门居士们回答世尊。世尊这样说:巴利
‘‘Attūpanāyikaṃ vo, gahapatayo, dhammapariyāyaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho te veḷudvāreyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
“诸居士,什么是与自己相应的法门呢?诸居士,在此,圣弟子如此省察:‘我想活着,不愿死去;我喜爱快乐,厌恶痛苦。若有人断送我这想活、不愿死、喜爱快乐、厌恶痛苦者的性命,那不会是我所喜爱、所乐意的。然而,若我断送其他也想活、不愿死、喜爱快乐、厌恶痛苦者的性命,那也非他人所喜爱、所乐意。这个对我而言不可爱、不可意的法,对他人同样不可爱、不可意。对我而言不可爱、不可意,我又怎能以此加诸于他人呢?’他如此省察后,便自己远离杀生,亦劝导他人远离杀生,并且赞叹远离杀生。如此,他的身行便在三方面清净。巴利
‘‘Katamo ca, gahapatayo, attupanāyiko dhammapariyāyo? Idha, gahapatayo, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ahaṃ khosmi jīvitukāmo amaritukāmo sukhakāmo dukkhappaṭikūlo. Yo kho maṃ jīvitukāmaṃ amaritukāmaṃ sukhakāmaṃ dukkhappaṭikūlaṃ jīvitā voropeyya, na metaṃ assa piyaṃ manāpaṃ. Ahañceva kho pana paraṃ jīvitukāmaṃ amaritukāmaṃ sukhakāmaṃ dukkhappaṭikūlaṃ jīvitā voropeyyaṃ, parassapi taṃ assa appiyaṃ amanāpaṃ. Yo kho myāyaṃ dhammo appiyo amanāpo, parassa peso dhammo appiyo amanāpo. Yo kho myāyaṃ dhammo appiyo amanāpo, kathāhaṃ paraṃ tena saṃyojeyya’nti! So iti paṭisaṅkhāya attanā ca pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, parañca pāṇātipātā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, pāṇātipātā veramaṇiyā ca vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Evamassāyaṃ kāyasamācāro tikoṭiparisuddho hoti.
“再者,诸居士,圣弟子如此省察:‘若有人取走我未给予、名为盗窃之物,那不会是我所喜爱、所乐意的。而若我取走他人未给予、名为盗窃之物,那也非他人所喜爱、所乐意。这个对我而言不可爱、不可意的法,对他人同样不可爱、不可意。对我而言不可爱、不可意,我又怎能以此加诸于他人呢?’他如此省察后,便自己远离不与取,亦劝导他人远离不与取,并且赞叹远离不与取。如此,他的身行便在三方面清净。”巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yo kho me adinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhātaṃ ādiyeyya, na metaṃ assa piyaṃ manāpaṃ. Ahañceva kho pana parassa adinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhātaṃ ādiyeyyaṃ, parassapi taṃ assa appiyaṃ amanāpaṃ. Yo kho myāyaṃ dhammo appiyo amanāpo, parassa peso dhammo appiyo amanāpo. Yo kho myāyaṃ dhammo appiyo amanāpo, kathāhaṃ paraṃ tena saṃyojeyya’nti ! So iti paṭisaṅkhāya attanā ca adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, parañca adinnādānā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, adinnādānā veramaṇiyā ca vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Evamassāyaṃ kāyasamācāro tikoṭiparisuddho hoti.
“再者,诸居士,圣弟子如此省察:‘若有人对我妻子行邪行,那不会是我所喜爱、所乐意的。而若我对他人的妻子行邪行,那也非他人所喜爱、所乐意。这个对我而言不可爱、不可意的法,对他人同样不可爱、不可意。对我而言不可爱、不可意,我又怎能以此加诸于他人呢?’他如此省察后,便自己远离欲邪行,亦劝导他人远离欲邪行,并且赞叹远离欲邪行。如此,他的身行便在三方面清净。”巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yo kho me dāresu cārittaṃ āpajjeyya, na metaṃ assa piyaṃ manāpaṃ. Ahañceva kho pana parassa dāresu cārittaṃ āpajjeyyaṃ, parassapi taṃ assa appiyaṃ amanāpaṃ. Yo kho myāyaṃ dhammo appiyo amanāpo, parassa peso dhammo appiyo amanāpo. Yo kho myāyaṃ dhammo appiyo amanāpo, kathāhaṃ paraṃ tena saṃyojeyya’nti! So iti paṭisaṅkhāya attanā ca kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti, parañca kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇiyā ca vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Evamassāyaṃ kāyasamācāro tikoṭiparisuddho hoti.
“再者,诸居士,圣弟子如此省察:‘若有人以妄语损害我的利益,那是我所不喜爱、不悦意的。而我若以妄语损害他人的利益,他人也会感到不喜爱、不悦意。于我所不喜爱、不悦意的法,于他人同样是不喜爱、不悦意的。这于我所不喜爱、不悦意的法,我又怎能以此去系缚他人呢?’如此省察后,他自身远离妄语,也劝导他人远离妄语,并赞叹远离妄语。如此,他的这一语行便从三方面得到了清净。”巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yo kho me musāvādena atthaṃ bhañjeyya, na metaṃ assa piyaṃ manāpaṃ. Ahañceva kho pana parassa musāvādena atthaṃ bhañjeyyaṃ, parassapi taṃ assa appiyaṃ amanāpaṃ. Yo kho myāyaṃ dhammo appiyo amanāpo, parassa peso dhammo appiyo amanāpo. Yo kho myāyaṃ dhammo appiyo amanāpo, kathāhaṃ paraṃ tena saṃyojeyya’nti! So iti paṭisaṅkhāya attanā ca musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, parañca musāvādā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, musāvādā veramaṇiyā ca vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Evamassāyaṃ vacīsamācāro tikoṭiparisuddho hoti.
“再者,诸居士,圣弟子如此省察:‘若有人以两舌离间我的朋友,那是我所不喜爱、不悦意的。而我若以两舌离间他人的朋友,他人也会感到不喜爱、不悦意。于我所不喜爱、不悦意的法,于他人同样是不喜爱、不悦意的。这于我所不喜爱、不悦意的法,我又怎能以此去系缚他人呢?’如此省察后,他自身远离两舌,也劝导他人远离两舌,并赞叹远离两舌。如此,他的这一语行便从三方面得到了清净。”巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – yo kho maṃ pisuṇāya vācāya mitte bhindeyya , na metaṃ assa piyaṃ manāpaṃ. Ahañceva kho pana paraṃ pisuṇāya vācāya mitte bhindeyyaṃ, parassapi taṃ assa appiyaṃ amanāpaṃ…pe… evamassāyaṃ vacīsamācāro tikoṭiparisuddho hoti.
“再者,诸居士,圣弟子如此省察:‘若有人以粗恶语对待我,那是我所不喜爱、不悦意的。而我若以粗恶语对待他人,他人也会感到不喜爱、不悦意。于我所不喜爱、不悦意的法,于他人同样是不喜爱、不悦意的。这于我所不喜爱、不悦意的法,我又怎能以此去系缚他人呢?’如此省察后,他自身远离粗恶语,也劝导他人远离粗恶语,并赞叹远离粗恶语。如此,他的这一语行便从三方面得到了清净。”巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – yo kho maṃ pharusāya vācāya samudācareyya, na metaṃ assa piyaṃ manāpaṃ. Ahañceva kho pana paraṃ pharusāya vācāya samudācareyyaṃ, parassapi taṃ assa appiyaṃ amanāpaṃ. Yo kho myāyaṃ dhammo…pe… evamassāyaṃ vacīsamācāro tikoṭiparisuddho hoti.
“再者,诸居士,圣弟子这样省察:‘若有人以无益戏论之语冒犯我,我必不喜、不悦。同样,我若以无益戏论之语冒犯他人,他人亦不喜、不悦。于我为不可爱、不可意的法,于他人亦不可爱、不可意。于我为不可爱、不可意的法,我又怎能以此困扰他人呢?’他如此省察之后,自己便远离无益戏论之语,也劝导他人远离,并称赞远离。如此,他的这一语行便在三方面得到了清净。”巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yo kho maṃ samphabhāsena samphappalāpabhāsena samudācareyya, na metaṃ assa piyaṃ manāpaṃ. Ahañceva kho pana paraṃ samphabhāsena samphappalāpabhāsena samudācareyyaṃ, parassapi taṃ assa appiyaṃ amanāpaṃ. Yo kho myāyaṃ dhammo appiyo amanāpo, parassa peso dhammo appiyo amanāpo. Yo kho myāyaṃ dhammo appiyo amanāpo, kathāhaṃ paraṃ tena saṃyojeyya’nti! So iti paṭisaṅkhāya attanā ca samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti , parañca samphappalāpā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, samphappalāpā veramaṇiyā ca vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Evamassāyaṃ vacīsamācāro tikoṭiparisuddho hoti.
“他具足对佛的不动摇净信:‘彼世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者……天人师、佛陀、世尊。’对法具足不动摇净信:‘……’对僧具足不动摇净信:‘世尊的声闻僧团是善行道者……是世间无上福田。’他具足圣者所喜之戒,无缺损……导向定。诸居士,当一位圣弟子具足这七种善法,并具足这四种可意之状态时,若他愿意,便可自行记说:‘我已尽地狱、已尽畜生界、已尽饿鬼界、已尽恶趣、恶处、堕处;我是入流者,不再堕入恶趣,决定趣向正觉。’”巴利
‘‘So buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – itipi so bhagavā…pe… satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavāti; dhamme …pe… saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho…pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassāti. Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti akhaṇḍehi…pe… samādhisaṃvattanikehi. Yato kho, gahapatayo, ariyasāvako imehi sattahi saddhammehi samannāgato hoti imehi catūhi ākaṅkhiyehi ṭhānehi, so ākaṅkhamāno attanāva attānaṃ byākareyya – ‘khīṇanirayomhi khīṇatiracchānayoni khīṇapettivisayo khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto, sotāpannohamasmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’’’ti.
世尊这样说完后,竹门村的婆罗门居士们对世尊说道:“真是殊胜啊,乔达摩尊者!……我们皈依乔达摩尊者、皈依法、皈依比丘僧团。愿乔达摩尊者接纳我们为近事男,从今日起,直至命终,我们尽形寿皈依。”第七经。巴利
Evaṃ vutte veḷudvāreyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… ete mayaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāma dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsake no bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupete saraṇaṃ gate’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
8. 砖屋经第一巴利
8. Paṭhamagiñjakāvasathasuttaṃ
1004 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在那提迦的砖屋。那时,尊者阿难来到世尊跟前,顶礼后坐于一旁,对世尊说:巴利 注疏 2
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā ñātike viharati giñjakāvasathe. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
“尊者,名叫萨哈(Sāḷha) 的比丘已命终,他的趣向如何、来世如何?尊者,名叫难陀(Nandā) 的比丘尼、名叫苏达达(Sudatta) 的近事男、名叫善生(Sujāta) 的近事女也已命终,他们的趣向如何、来世如何?”巴利
‘‘Sāḷho nāma, bhante, bhikkhu kālaṅkato; tassa kā gati ko abhisamparāyo? Nandā nāma, bhante, bhikkhunī kālaṅkatā; tassā kā gati ko abhisamparāyo? Sudatto nāma, bhante, upāsako kālaṅkato; tassa kā gati ko abhisamparāyo? Sujātā nāma, bhante, upāsikā kālaṅkatā; tassā kā gati, ko abhisamparāyo’’ti?
“阿难,比丘萨哈已命终。他因诸漏灭尽,于现法中凭自己的证智证得无漏的心解脱与慧解脱,并安住其中。阿难,比丘尼难陀已命终。她因五下分结灭尽,化生彼界,于彼处般涅槃,不再从那世间返回。阿难,近事男苏达达已命终。他因断除三结,贪嗔痴薄弱,成为一来者,只来此世间一次,即尽苦边。阿难,近事女善生已命终。她因断除三结,成为入流者,不堕恶趣,决定,以正觉为彼岸。”巴利
‘‘Sāḷho , ānanda, bhikkhu kālaṅkato āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. Nandā, ānanda, bhikkhunī kālaṅkatā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyinī anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā. Sudatto, ānanda, upāsako kālaṅkato tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmī; sakideva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karissati. Sujātā, ānanda, upāsikā kālaṅkatā tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpannā avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā.
“阿难,生而为人,终不免命终,这并不足为奇。然而,若每当有人命终,你们都来到如来这里询问,那便会成为如来的烦扰。因此,阿难,我将宣说名为‘法镜’的法门。具足此法门的圣弟子,若愿意,便可自己记说:‘我已尽地狱,已尽畜生界,已尽饿鬼界,已尽恶趣、苦界、堕处;我是入流者,不堕恶趣,决定,以正觉为彼岸。’”巴利
‘‘Anacchariyaṃ kho panetaṃ, ānanda, yaṃ manussabhūto kālaṃ kareyya; tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ce maṃ kālaṅkate upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ paṭipucchissatha. Vihesā pesā, ānanda, assa tathāgatassa. Tasmātihānanda , dhammādāsaṃ nāma dhammapariyāyaṃ desessāmi; yena samannāgato ariyasāvako ākaṅkhamāno attanāva attānaṃ byākareyya – ‘khīṇanirayomhi khīṇatiracchānayoni khīṇapettivisayo khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto, sotāpannohamasmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’’’.
“阿难,那名为‘法镜’的法门是什么呢?即圣弟子若具足此法门,若愿意,便能自己记说:‘我已尽地狱,已尽畜生界,已尽饿鬼界,已尽恶趣、苦界、堕处;我是入流者,不堕恶趣,决定,以正觉为彼岸。’巴利
‘‘Katamo ca so, ānanda, dhammādāso dhammapariyāyo; yena samannāgato ariyasāvako ākaṅkhamāno attanāva attānaṃ byākareyya – ‘khīṇanirayomhi khīṇatiracchānayoni khīṇapettivisayo khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto, sotāpannohamasmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’’’?
“阿难,于此,圣弟子于佛陀具足证净:‘彼世尊是……天人师、佛陀、世尊。’于法……于僧……并具足圣者所喜之戒,无毁……导向定。阿难,此即法镜法门;具足此法门的圣弟子,若愿意,可为自己记说:‘我已尽地狱,已尽畜生界,已尽饿鬼界,已尽一切恶趣、苦界、堕处。我是入流者,不堕恶趣法,决定,以正觉为彼岸。’”第八经。巴利
‘‘Idha, ānanda, ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – itipi so bhagavā…pe… satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavāti. Dhamme…pe… saṅghe…pe… ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti akhaṇḍehi…pe… samādhisaṃvattanikehi. Ayaṃ kho so, ānanda, dhammādāso dhammapariyāyo; yena samannāgato ariyasāvako ākaṅkhamāno attanāva attānaṃ byākareyya – ‘khīṇanirayomhi khīṇatiracchānayoni khīṇapettivisayo khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto, sotāpannohamasmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
(此三经缘起相同。)巴利
(Tīṇipi suttantāni ekanidānāni).
9. 砖屋经第二巴利
9. Dutiyagiñjakāvasathasuttaṃ
1005 坐在一旁的长老阿难对世尊这样说:“尊者,那位名为无忧的比丘已命终;他往生何处,来世如何?尊者,那位名为无忧的比丘尼已命终……尊者,那位名为无忧的近事男已命终……尊者,那位名为无忧的近事女已命终;她往生何处,来世如何?”巴利 注疏 2
Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘asoko nāma, bhante, bhikkhu kālaṅkato; tassa kā gati, ko abhisamparāyo? Asokā nāma, bhante, bhikkhunī kālaṅkatā…pe… asoko nāma, bhante, upāsako kālaṅkato…pe… asokā nāma, bhante, upāsikā kālaṅkatā; tassā kā gati, ko abhisamparāyo’’ti?
“阿难,无忧比丘命终,由灭尽诸漏,即于现世亲自证知、作证,具足安住于无漏的心解脱与慧解脱……(与前一记说同一因缘)。巴利
‘‘Asoko, ānanda, bhikkhu kālaṅkato āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi…pe… (purimaveyyākaraṇena ekanidānaṃ).
“阿难,这就是法镜、法门。具足此法镜法门的圣弟子,若愿意,便可自记说:‘我地狱已尽,畜生道已尽,饿鬼界已尽,我已断尽一切恶趣、苦界与堕处;我是入流者,不再堕入恶道,决定趋向正觉。’”第九经。巴利
‘‘Ayaṃ kho so, ānanda, dhammādāso dhammapariyāyo; yena samannāgato ariyasāvako ākaṅkhamāno attanāva attānaṃ byākareyya – ‘khīṇanirayomhi khīṇatiracchānayoni khīṇapettivisayo khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto, sotāpannohamasmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’’’ti. Navamaṃ.
10. 砖屋经第三巴利
10. Tatiyagiñjakāvasathasuttaṃ
1006 坐在一旁的具寿阿难对世尊这样说:“尊者,在那提迦名叫咖咖达的近事男命终了;他的去处是什么,未来归宿如何?尊者,在那提迦名叫咖利跋的近事男命终了;他的去处是什么,未来归宿如何?尊者,在那提迦名叫尼咖达的近事男命终了;他的去处是什么,未来归宿如何?尊者,在那提迦名叫咖帝萨哈(Kaṭissaha) 的近事男命终了;他的去处是什么,未来归宿如何?尊者,在那提迦名叫都吒的近事男命终了;他的去处是什么,未来归宿如何?尊者,在那提迦名叫善都吒的近事男命终了;他的去处是什么,未来归宿如何?尊者,在那提迦名叫跋达的近事男命终了;他的去处是什么,未来归宿如何?尊者,在那提迦名叫苏跋达(Subhaddā) 的近事男命终了;他的去处是什么,未来归宿如何?”巴利 注疏 1
Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kakkaṭo nāma, bhante, ñātike upāsako kālaṅkato; tassa kā gati, ko abhisamparāyo? Kaḷibho nāma, bhante, ñātike upāsako…pe… nikato nāma, bhante, ñātike upāsako…pe… kaṭissaho nāma, bhante, ñātike upāsako…pe… tuṭṭho nāma, bhante, ñātike upāsako…pe… santuṭṭho nāma, bhante, ñātike upāsako…pe… bhaddo nāma, bhante, ñātike upāsako…pe… subhaddo nāma, bhante, ñātike upāsako kālaṅkato; tassa kā gati ko abhisamparāyo’’ti?
“阿难,近事男咖咖达已命终,他灭尽五下分结,成为化生者,于彼处般涅槃,不再从那世间返回。阿难,近事男咖利跋也已命终,灭尽五下分结,成为化生者,于彼处般涅槃,不再从那世间返回。阿难,近事男尼咖达也已命终,灭尽五下分结,成为化生者,于彼处般涅槃,不再从那世间返回。阿难,近事男咖帝萨哈也已命终,灭尽五下分结,成为化生者,于彼处般涅槃,不再从那世间返回。阿难,近事男都吒也已命终,灭尽五下分结,成为化生者,于彼处般涅槃,不再从那世间返回。阿难,近事男善都吒也已命终,灭尽五下分结,成为化生者,于彼处般涅槃,不再从那世间返回。阿难,近事男跋达也已命终,灭尽五下分结,成为化生者,于彼处般涅槃,不再从那世间返回。阿难,近事男苏跋达也已命终,灭尽五下分结,成为化生者,于彼处般涅槃,不再从那世间返回。所有这些近事男,皆同一趣向。”巴利
‘‘Kakkaṭo , ānanda, upāsako kālaṅkato pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Kaḷibho, ānanda …pe… nikato, ānanda…pe… kaṭissaho, ānanda …pe… tuṭṭho, ānanda…pe… santuṭṭho, ānanda…pe… bhaddo, ānanda…pe… subhaddo, ānanda, upāsako kālaṅkato pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. (Sabbe ekagatikā kātabbā).
“阿难,在般提迦,有五十余位近事男命终。他们灭尽五下分结,化生彼处,于彼般涅槃,不再从此世间还来。阿难,在般提迦,有九十余位近事男命终,灭尽三结,贪嗔痴转薄,成为一来者,只来此世间一次,便能究竟离苦。阿难,在般提迦,有五百零六余位近事男命终,灭尽三结,成为入流者,不再堕恶道,确定不谬,以正觉为归宿。”巴利
‘‘Paropaññāsa, ānanda, ñātike upāsakā kālaṅkatā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyino anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā. Sādhikanavuti, ānanda, ñātike upāsakā kālaṅkatā tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmino; sakideva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karissanti. Chātirekāni kho, ānanda, pañcasatāni ñātike upāsakā kālaṅkatā tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpannā avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā.
“然而,阿难,生而为人,终将命终,这不足为奇。若每次有人命终,你们便来我处询问此事,阿难,那对如来可说是种烦扰了。因此,阿难,我要为你们说一个名为‘法镜’的法门。具备此法门的圣弟子,若心有所愿,便可以自己为自己授记:‘我已尽地狱,已尽畜生道,已尽饿鬼界,已尽一切苦趣、恶道、堕处。我是入流者,不再堕恶道,确定不谬,以正觉为归宿。’”巴利
‘‘Anacchariyaṃ kho panetaṃ, ānanda, yaṃ manussabhūto kālaṃ kareyya; tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ce maṃ kālaṅkate upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ paṭipucchissatha. Vihesā pesā, ānanda, assa tathāgatassa. Tasmātihānanda, dhammādāsaṃ nāma dhammapariyāyaṃ desessāmi; yena samannāgato ariyasāvako ākaṅkhamāno attanāva attānaṃ byākareyya – ‘khīṇanirayomhi khīṇatiracchānayoni khīṇapettivisayo khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto, sotāpannohamasmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’’’.
“阿难,什么是那面法镜之法门?具备此法的圣弟子,若愿意,便可以自己为自己授记:‘我已尽地狱,已尽畜生道,已尽饿鬼界,已尽一切苦趣、恶道、堕处。我是入流者,不再堕恶道,确定不谬,以正觉为归宿。’”巴利
‘‘Katamo ca so, ānanda, dhammādāso dhammapariyāyo; yena samannāgato ariyasāvako ākaṅkhamāno attanāva attānaṃ byākareyya – ‘khīṇanirayomhi khīṇatiracchānayoni khīṇapettivisayo khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto, sotāpannohamasmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’’’.
“阿难,在此,圣弟子于佛具足证净:‘彼世尊亦即是阿拉汉、正自觉者……天人师、佛陀、世尊。’于法……于僧……具足圣者所爱乐的戒行,无缺……导向定。阿难,这就是那面法镜、那项法门。凡具足此法镜的圣弟子,若愿意,便可自记说:‘我地狱已尽,畜生界已尽,饿鬼界已尽,恶趣、苦界、堕处已尽,我是入流者,不再堕恶道,决定,正觉为归宿。’”第十经。巴利
‘‘Idhānanda , ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – itipi so bhagavā…pe… satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavāti. Dhamme…pe… saṅghe…pe… ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti akhaṇḍehi…pe… samādhisaṃvattanikehi. Ayaṃ kho so, ānanda, dhammādāso dhammapariyāyo; yena samannāgato ariyasāvako ākaṅkhamāno attanāva attānaṃ byākareyya – ‘khīṇanirayomhi khīṇatiracchānayoni khīṇapettivisayo khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto, sotāpannohamasmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
《王》《浸入》《长生童子》,以及《舍利弗》两篇
《工匠》《竹门》《砖瓦堂》三则巴利
Rājā ogadhadīghāvu, sāriputtāpare duve; Thapatī veḷudvāreyyā, giñjakāvasathe tayoti.
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