6. 智蕴轮解说的注释
6. Ñāṇarāsichakkaniddesavaṇṇanā
3. 入出息念论义注 · 10 段
183183. 现在,在由六种智蕴所列举的诸智当中,先解说二十四种定智:依照身随观等三组四法,共有十二种事。在每一种事里,以入息为一种定、以出息为一种定,这样各有两种定;于是十二种事中,就有二十四种定。在禅那的刹那,与这些定相应、以二十四种定为依据的诸智,就是二十四种定智。
183. Idāni chahi rāsīhi uddiṭṭhañāṇesu catuvīsatisamādhiñāṇaniddese tāva kāyānupassanādīnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ catukkānaṃ vasena dvādasannaṃ vatthūnaṃ ekekasmiṃ assāsavasena eko , passāsavasena ekoti dve dve samādhīti dvādasasu vatthūsu catuvīsati samādhayo honti. Jhānakkhaṇe tehi sampayuttāni catuvīsatisamādhivasena ñāṇāni.
在解说七十二种观智时,“长入息”指的是被称为“长”的那种入息。这话是什么意思呢?就是说:以长入息为条件证得禅那之后,在心得定而修观的刹那,以无常随观之义,称为“观”。其余各处也是同样的道理。就在这十二种事当中,每一种事依入息有三种随观,依出息也有三种随观,这样每一种事就有六种随观;于是十二种事加起来,就有七十二种随观。这七十二种随观,就是七十二种观智。
Dvāsattativipassanāñāṇaniddese dīghaṃ assāsāti ‘‘dīgha’’ntivuttaassāsato. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Dīghaṃ assāsahetu jhānaṃ paṭilabhitvā samāhitena cittena vipassanākkhaṇe aniccato anupassanaṭṭhena vipassanāti vuttaṃ hoti. Esa nayo uttaratrāpi. Tesaṃyeva dvādasannaṃ vatthūnaṃ ekekasmiṃ assāsavasena tisso, passāsavasena tissoti cha cha anupassanāti dvādasasu vatthūsu dvāsattati anupassanā honti. Tā eva dvāsattati anupassanā dvāsattativipassanāvasena ñāṇāni.
在解说厌离智时,“以无常随观而入息”,意思是:成为无常随观者而入息,也就是以无常随观者的状态让入息持续进行。这里“入息”这个词应当理解为表示原因。“如实知、如实见”就是厌离智:从对诸法以聚为单位进行思惟开始,一直到坏随观,以在这期间生起的观智如实了知诸行的自性,并且用那智之眼看见,就像用肉眼看东西一样。因此,这叫做厌离智,意思就是对诸行生起厌离的智。由于后面怖畏现起等智以及欲解脱等智是另外单独出现的,所以应当知道,这里只是把如上所说的那些观智称为厌离智。
Nibbidāñāṇaniddese aniccānupassī assasanti aniccānupassī hutvā assasanto, aniccānupassī hutvā vattentoti attho. ‘‘Assasa’’nti ca idaṃ vacanaṃ hetuatthe daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yathābhūtaṃ jānāti passatīti nibbidāñāṇanti kalāpasammasanato paṭṭhāya yāva bhaṅgānupassanā pavattavipassanāñāṇena saṅkhārānaṃ yathāsabhāvaṃ jānāti, cakkhunā diṭṭhamiva ca teneva ñāṇacakkhunā passati. Tasmā nibbidāñāṇaṃ nāmāti attho, saṅkhāresu nibbindañāṇaṃ nāmāti vuttaṃ hoti. Upari bhayatūpaṭṭhānādīnaṃ muñcitukamyatādīnañca ñāṇānaṃ visuṃ āgatattā idha yathāvuttāneva vipassanāñāṇāni nibbidāñāṇānīti veditabbāni.
在解说“随顺厌离智”时说到“无常随观者入息”,意思就是:以无常随观者的状态入息。这里用的是属格的意义,却以主格的形式来表达。在“怖畏现起”这个地方,只用“怖畏现起”这个名称,就已经把怖畏现起、过患随观、厌离随观这三种智都说了,因为它们具有同一种特相。这三种智紧接在前面所说的厌离智之后,由于它们有随顺的作用,所以被称为“随顺厌离智”。
Nibbidānulomañāṇaniddese aniccānupassī assasanti aniccānupassino assasantassa. Sāmiatthe paccattavacanaṃ. Bhayatupaṭṭhāne paññātivacaneneva bhayatupaṭṭhānaādīnavānupassanānibbidānupassanāñāṇāni vuttāni honti tiṇṇaṃ ekalakkhaṇattā. Imāni tīṇi ñāṇāni anantarā vuttānaṃ nibbidāñāṇānaṃ anukūlabhāvena anulomato nibbidānulomañāṇānīti vuttāni.
在解说厌离止息智时,“无常随观而入息”这一句,意思和前面所说的基本相同。因为欲解脱智、审察随观智、行舍智这三种智具有相同的特相,所以只用“审察、安住”这个说法就已经把它们都表明了。仅仅通过“审察、安住”这个说法,随顺智和道智也一并被包含进来了。行舍智和随顺智因为已经达到了厌离的顶点,通过舍弃令厌离生起的作用,所以被称为厌离止息智。而道智因为在厌离止息的终点生起,所以被称为厌离止息智,这是非常合理的。这里不像随顺厌离智那样,没有取最初的欲解脱智,而是在最后以“审察、安住”来指称两种智,目的是为了把道智也包含进来。因为如果只说欲解脱,虽然能包含随顺智,但不能包含道智。道智并不叫欲解脱,而是在作用圆满成就时安住,所以叫安住。义注中也说:“触证即是安止。”这道智是对涅槃的安止,所以叫安住;因此通过“安住”这个说法,道智也被包含进来了。那些随顺厌离的智,从意义上说其实就是厌离智,所以把它们也归入厌离智中,统称为厌离止息智,这里只取了“厌离”这个名称,而没有取“随顺厌离”。在这三种智的解说中,按照第四种法随观四组的方式所说的四种对象,每一个对象以入息为一、以出息为一,各有两种智,所以四种对象共有八种智。
Nibbidāpaṭippassaddhiñāṇaniddese aniccānupassī assasanti anantarasadisameva. Paṭisaṅkhā santiṭṭhanā paññātivacaneneva muñcitukamyatāpaṭisaṅkhānupassanāsaṅkhārupekkhāñāṇāni vuttāni honti tiṇṇaṃ ekalakkhaṇattā. ‘‘Paṭisaṅkhā santiṭṭhanā’’tivacaneneva anulomañāṇamaggañāṇānipi gahitāni honti . Saṅkhārupekkhāñāṇaanulomañāṇānipi hi nibbidāya sikhāppattattā nibbidājananabyāpārappahānena nibbidāpaṭippassaddhiñāṇāni nāma honti. Maggañāṇaṃ pana nibbidāpaṭippassaddhante uppajjanato nibbidāpaṭippassaddhiñāṇaṃ nāma hotīti ativiya yujjatīti. Nibbidānulomañāṇesu viya ādibhūtaṃ muñcitukamyatāñāṇaṃ aggahetvā ‘‘paṭisaṅkhā santiṭṭhanā’’ti ante ñāṇadvayaggahaṇaṃ maggañāṇasaṅgahaṇatthaṃ. Muñcitukamyatāti hi vutte anulomañāṇaṃ saṅgayhati, na maggañāṇaṃ. Maggañāṇañhi muñcitukamyatā nāma na hoti, kiccasiddhiyaṃ santiṭṭhanato pana santiṭṭhanā nāma hoti. Aṭṭhakathāyampi ca ‘‘phusanāti appanā’’ti vuttaṃ. Idañca maggañāṇaṃ nibbāne appanāti katvā santiṭṭhanā nāma hotīti ‘‘santiṭṭhanā’’tivacanena maggañāṇampi saṅgayhati. Nibbidānulomañāṇānipi atthato nibbidāñāṇāneva hontīti tānipi nibbidāñāṇehi saṅgahetvā nibbidāpaṭippassaddhiñāṇānīti nibbidāgahaṇameva kataṃ, na nibbidānulomaggahaṇaṃ. Tīsupi cetesu ñāṇaṭṭhakaniddesesu catutthassa dhammānupassanācatukkassa vasena vuttānaṃ catunnaṃ vatthūnaṃ ekekasmiṃ assāsavasena ekaṃ, passāsavasena ekanti dve dve ñāṇānīti catūsu vatthūsu aṭṭha ñāṇāni honti.
在解说“解脱乐智”时,先说“已断除”,是为了显示断除;接着要显示这种断除是彻底的正断,所以说“已彻底断除”。“于解脱乐中的智”,指的是与果的解脱乐相应的智,以及以果的解脱乐为所缘的省察智。之所以再次说到随眠的断除,是为了显示:一旦断除了以随眠为依托的烦恼,也就断除了以缠缚和恶行为依托的烦恼。就二十一种果智而言,因为计数的是所断的烦恼,也就等于把智也一并计数了;同样,就省察智而言,因为计数的是对所断烦恼的省察,也就等于把果的省察智也一并计数了。
Vimuttisukhañāṇaniddese pahīnattāti pahānaṃ dassetvā tassa pahānassa samucchedappahānattaṃ dassento samucchinnattāti āha. Vimuttisukhe ñāṇanti phalavimuttisukhasampayuttañāṇañca phalavimuttisukhārammaṇapaccavekkhaṇañāṇañca. Anusayavatthussa kilesassa pahānena pariyuṭṭhānaduccaritavatthuppahānaṃ hotīti dassanatthaṃ puna anusayānaṃ pahānaṃ vuttaṃ. Ekavīsatiphalañāṇaṃ sandhāya pahīnakilesagaṇanāyapi ñāṇagaṇanā katā hoti, paccavekkhaṇañāṇañca sandhāya pahīnakilesapaccavekkhaṇagaṇanāya phalapaccavekkhaṇañāṇagaṇanā katā hotīti.