第4品·义庄严阐明品·威力伟大性
4. 义庄严了知章解释 · 198 段
宝冠宝珠光影所映、遮蔽阳光之白伞盖;
昔时菩萨获得最上尊荣,而后出家。巴利
Kirīṭaratanacchāyā-nuviddhātapavāraṇo; Purā paraṃ siriṃ vindi, bodhisatto’bhinikkhamā.
308 今举“冠冕”等语。菩萨在降生之前,往昔为摩耶天女之子,成就了最上、不共余人的殊胜荣光。是怎样的呢?他的白伞盖为冠冕与宝冠上的宝石光影、光辉所交织映照,成为遮阳之物。因其荣光广大,故说“遮阳之物为宝石光影所交织映照”。巴利
308. Udāharati ‘‘kirīṭe’’ccādi. Abhinikkhamā purā pubbe bodhisatto māyādeviyā putto paramukkaṭṭhaṃ anāññasādhāraṇaṃ siriṃ vibhūtiṃ vindi paṭilabhi. Kīdiso? Kirīṭe makuṭe ratanānaṃ chāyāhi sobhāhi anuviddho churito ātapavāraṇo setacchattaṃ yassa so tādisoti vibhūtiyā mahantattaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘ātapavāraṇo ratanacchāyānuviddho’’ti.
308 今举“冠冕”等语为例。菩萨于最后一生,作为大菩萨,在出家之前,便已获得并受用了最上的殊胜荣光:其白伞盖为冠冕宝石的光影所交织映照,并蒙顶髻宝石的光芒辉耀。此处通过说明白伞盖为顶髻宝石的光彩所交织映照,显示其荣光之广大。其句构为:“冠冕上的宝石”、“那些宝石的光影”、“其遮阳之物为那些光影所交织映照”。巴利
308. Idāni udāharati ‘‘kirīṭa’’iccādinā. Bodhisatto antimajātiyaṃ mahābodhisatto abhinikkhamā abhinikkhamanato purā pubbe kirīṭaratanacchāyānuviddhātapavāraṇo moliratanaraṃsīhi rañjitasetacchatto paramukkaṭṭhaṃ siriṃ vibhūtiṃ vindi anubhavīti. Ettha moliratanakantiyā setacchattassa oviddhabhāvakathanena vibhūtiyā mahantattaṃ hoti. Kirīṭe ratanānīti ca, tesaṃ chāyāyoti ca, tāhi anuviddho churito ātapavāraṇo yasseti ca vākyaṃ.
意旨之广大巴利
Adhippāyamahantatta
倾心正觉故为菩萨,
彼亦倾心众生利。
已舍弃为爱执滋味所缠缚的——
乃至罗睺罗之母。巴利
Satto sambodhiyaṃ bodhi- Satto sattahitāya so; Hitvā sneharasābaddha- Mapi rāhulamātaraṃ.
309 “众生”等语:菩萨悉达多舍弃了为爱执所缠缚的罗睺罗之母——此爱执即由慈爱与亲爱所生的贪染——乃至频婆娑罗妃,更无论其他年轻女子;于他们无所顾念,成为无执著者。为利益众生,为世间与出世间的增长,他专注于正觉,即系心于一切知智,唯此是念。此中,通过说明他于如此女宝亦无执著,显示了菩萨最上意乐之广大。巴利
309.‘‘Satto’’iccādi. Snehena piyabhāvena jātena rasena rāgena ābaddhamattani rāhulamātaraṃ bimbādevimpi, kimutaññaṃ yuvatijanaṃ, hitvā anapekkhitvā anāsatto hutvā sattānaṃ hitāya lokiyalokuttarāya vaḍḍhiyā bodhisatto siddhattho sambodhiyaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇeyeva satto āsatto, tattheva laggoti adhippāyo. Mahantattamukkaṭṭhaṃ tādisavanitāratanānāsajjanalakkhaṇamālakkhīyatīti.
309 “众生”等语:那位菩萨舍弃了为爱执之味所缠缚——即被称为亲爱状态的贪染——的罗睺罗之母,乃至频婆娑罗妃,为利益众生,为众生的世间与出世间之利,而专注于正觉,即专注于一切知智本身,心唯系著于此。通过说明他即使对那样的女宝亦无执著,显示了菩萨最上意乐之广大。其词释为:“依此而正确地觉悟”故名“正觉”;“于正觉中专注、系著”;“众生之利益”;“由慈爱、亲爱所生的味著是为贪染”;“被彼所缠缚”。巴利
309.‘‘Satto’’iccādi. So bodhisatto sneharasābaddhaṃ piyabhāvasaṅkhātarāgena ābaddhaṃ rāhulamātaraṃ api bimbādevimpi hitvā sattahitāya sattānaṃ lokiyalokuttaratthāya sambodhiyaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇeyeva satto laggoti. Tādisaitthiratanepi alaggatākathanena bodhisattassa ukkaṭṭhajjhāsayamahantattaṃ vuttaṃ hoti. Sammā bujjhati etāyāti ca, bodhiyaṃ satto laggoti ca, sattānaṃ hitamiti ca, snehena piyabhāvena jāto raso rāgoti ca, tena ābaddhāti ca viggaho.
守护了那应受赞叹的,
凡有任何余者显现,
无论与彼相似或不相似,
如果这被视为欺骗。巴利
Gopetvā vaṇṇanīyaṃ yaṃ, Kiñci dassīyate paraṃ; Asamaṃ vā samaṃ tassa, Yadi sā vañcanā matā.
310 “隐藏之后”等词说明欺骗:将某个应被描述的事物隐藏、排除之后,若诗人显示出与此应描述者不相似、不相同、不相类的其他任何事物,则这被看作是欺骗。巴利
310. Vañcanaṃ vadati ‘‘gopetvā’’iccādinā, vaṇṇanīyaṃ kiñci vatthuṃ gopetvā niraṃkatvā tassa vaṇṇanīyassa asamaṃ visamaṃ visadisaṃ paramaññaṃ yaṃ kiñci vatthu yadi dassīyate kavināti anuvaditvā sā vañcanā matāti vidhīyate.
310 现在以“隐藏之后”等语显示欺骗庄严。将某个应说明的事物隐藏之后,若诗人将与该应说明者相似或同类,或不相似、不同类的其他任何事物显示出来,这便被认定为欺骗。由于以此方式欺骗了应说明的事物,故有此说。巴利
310. Idāni vañcanālaṅkāraṃ dasseti ‘‘gopetvā’’iccādinā. Vaṇṇanīyaṃ kiñci vatthuṃ gopetvā tassa vaṇṇanīyassa samaṃ sadisaṃ vā asamaṃ visadisaṃ vā paraṃ yaṃ kiñci vatthu yadi dassīyate kavinā, sā vañcanāiti matāti. Vañceti vaṇṇanīyaṃ etāya vuttiyāti vākyaṃ.
在如来面前,纵有千支箭亦无能为害;
纵是五支箭也不能构成伤害;
魔箭若射向他者,
一支便十倍增长,成为千数。巴利
Purato na sahassesu, Na pañcesu ca tādino; Māro paresu tasse’saṃ, Sahassaṃ dasavaḍḍhitaṃ.
311 以“在面前”等文句举例。此处应被注释的魔被隐藏了:魔即是贪欲,而牟尼于贪等烦恼中安住于如如之性,故在他面前、当面,既无千支箭,也无五支箭。对于其他尚有贪欲的众生,那位征服三界的魔,其箭却以十倍增长,成为千数——若不如此,他又怎能征服三界?因此,此处隐藏了魔,而显示了以一万为特征的其他事物,故为不等诳法。巴利
311. Udāharati ‘‘purato’’iccādi. Māro kāmo tādino lobhādīsu tādisattā munino purato sammukhe sahassaṃ isavo assāti sahassesu ca na hoti. Pañca isavo assāti pañcesu ca na hotīti vaṇṇanīyo mārotra gopyate. Tassa yo tibhuvanaṃ jayī. Paresu aññasattesu sarāgesu esamisūnaṃ dasavaḍḍhitaṃ dasahi guṇitaṃ sahassaṃ, kathamaññathābhuvanattayaṃ jayeyyāti māraṃ gopetvā dasasahassopalakkhitavatthantarassa dassitattā asamavañcanāyaṃ.
311 现在以“在面前”等文句举例。魔,对于在利、衰等八法中毫不动摇的如来,在他面前、当面,在千[箭]中连千支箭也没有,在五[箭]中除了五支箭外五支箭也没有。对于其他在善逝面前仍有如此杂染的众生,那位征服三界的魔,其箭以十倍增长、以十数计算而成为千,成为一万。这里隐藏了应当诠释的魔,而显示出另一类以一万之数计量的、名为“箭”的事物,因此这是一种不等诳法。文中含有“千支箭”“五支箭”“十倍增长”等词句。巴利
311. Idāni udāharati ‘‘purato’’iccādinā. Māro tādino lābhālābhādīsu avikārino tathāgatassa purato abhimukhe sahassesu ca sahassasaropi na hoti, pañcesu pañca isu ca tādise ṭhapetvā pañca isu na hoti. Paresu sugatasammukhe īdisesupi aññesu saṃkilesesu tassa tilokajetuno mārassa esaṃ sarānaṃ dasavaḍḍhitaṃ dasagaṇanāya vaḍḍhitaṃ sahassaṃ hoti dasasahassaṃ hotīti. Vaṇṇanīyaṃ māraṃ gopetvā dasasahassasaṅkhyāhi gaṇitassa aññassa sarasaṅkhātavatthuno dassitattā ayaṃ asamavañcanā nāma. Sahassaṃ isavo asseti ca, pañca isavo asseti ca, dasahi vaḍḍhitanti ca vākyaṃ.
若人耽著于争论,
凭牟尼主之口月——
此非圆满月,
实乃意生者之伞盖。巴利
Vivāda’manuyuñjanto, Munindavadanindunā; Sampuṇṇo candimā nā’yaṃ; Chatta’metaṃ manobhuno.
312 312\.“争论”等。意生者,即爱欲。由于在曲解中,排除了满月而显示了伞盖。巴利
312.‘‘Vivāda’’miccādi. Manobhunoti kāmassa. Samavañcanāyaṃ puṇṇacandaṃ niraṃkatvā chattassa dassitattā.
312 “争论”等。以一切知者之面月——牟尼主之口月,从事争论,此现前之满月并非如此。那么这是什么?这月轮是意生者、无身者的伞盖,即撑开的白伞盖。由于搁置了应解释的月轮,而显示了其他似月之伞盖,故这种表述名为曲解。牟尼之主,其口,似月者为月,牟尼主之口即是月,周遍圆满,生于心中,如此分解。巴利
312.‘‘Vivāda’’iccādi. Munindavadanindunā sabbaññuno mukhacandena vivādaṃ anuyuñjanto sampuṇṇo ayaṃ paccakkho candimā na hoti. Kiñcarahi etaṃ candamaṇḍalaṃ manobhuno anaṅgassa ubbhūtiyaṃ chattaṃ samussitasetacchattanti. Vaṇṇanīyaṃ candamaṇḍalaṃ ṭhapetvā tato aññassa candasadisassa chattassa dassitattā ayaṃ vutti samavañcanā nāma. Munīnaṃ indoti ca, tassa vadanamiti ca, indusadiso indu, munindavadanameva indūti ca, samantato puṇṇoti ca, manasi bhūtoti ca viggaho.
由随他等,厌离者于此所作;
此乃非当机之赞,即非应时之赞。巴利
Parānuvattanādīhi, nibbindeni’ha yā katā; Thutira’ppakate sā’yaṃ, siyā appakatatthuti.
313 以“pari”等词阐明不真实的称赞。所谓对他人的随顺服务等,以此为始的那些人,由于对此感到厌离、离欲,对于尚未成就、尚未达到的智慧境界,在此处某事物上所作的称赞与取悦,这便是不真实的称赞。巴利
313. Appakatatthutiṃ pakāseti ‘‘pari’’ccādinā. Paresaṃ yesaṃ kesañci anuvattanaṃ sevā, tamādi yesaṃ tehi nibbindena virattena appakate asannihite buddhivisayeyeva iha kismiñci vatthumhi katā yā thuti saṃrādhanaṃ, sāyaṃ appakatatthuti siyā.
313 现在再以“parānu”等词说明不真实的称赞。由于随顺他人——即随顺其他任何人等——而感到厌离、生起紧迫感的那些人,对于尚未成就、尚未证得的智慧境界,在具体事物上所作的称赞,即名为取悦的赞美,这才称为不真实的称赞。“parānu”中,“para”为“他人”,“anu”为“随顺”,连声而成;以随顺他人等为始的厌离者、生起紧迫感者,对未成就者所作的称赞,如此构成此语。巴利
313. Idāni appakatatthutiṃ dasseti ‘‘parānu’’ccādinā. Parānuvattanādīhi aññassa yassa kassaci anuvattanādīhi nibbindena ubbegaṃ pattena appakate anadhigate buddhivisaye eva iha imasmiṃ kismiñci vatthumhi katā yā thuti saṃrādhanasaṅkhātā pasaṃsā atthi, sā ayaṃ appakatatthuti nāma siyāti. Paresamanuvattanamiti ca, taṃ ādi yesaṃ parapīḷādīnamiti ca, na pakatoti ca, rakāro sandhijo, appakate katā thutīti ca vākyaṃ.
鹿在林中快乐地生活,不依赖他人;
仅以不费辛劳而得的水、嫩枝等维生。巴利
Sukhaṃ jīvanti hariṇā, vanesva’parasevino; Anāyāsopalābhehi, jaladabbaṅkurādibhi.
314 今引“sukha”等句以作说明。这些鹿依水与嫩枝——也就是草木的新芽——而为生。以“等”字摄取树木的嫩叶之类。怎样的事物呢?即是无需费力、远离侍奉之劳苦便可获得、可受用的资具。它们不以任何方式依止他人,因此被称为“不依赖他人者”。这些鹿从不致力于取悦他人之心,故而在林中快乐地、无忧无扰地生活。在此处,有人因随顺国王而生忧恼,心生厌离,便以此隐微的方式称叹了野兽的生存方式。巴利
314. Udāharati ‘‘sukha’’miccādi. Jalehi dabbaṅkurehi dabbatiṇuggamehi. Ādisaddena tarupallavādīhi. Kīdisehi? Anāyāsena sevāpariklesādinā vinā upalābhehi pāpuṇitabbehi. Paramaññaṃ kiñci na sevanti sīleneti aparasevino. Paracittārādhanabyasanaparammukhā hariṇā vanesu sukhaṃ nirākulaṃ jīvantīti. Ettha rājānuvattanaklesanibbindena sannihitā migavutti pasaṃsitāti.
314 今以“sukha”等句举示。鹿这种野兽,名为“不依赖他人者”——由于它们依照自己的方式生活,不侍奉他人。这些资具因不归他人所有,故而不必承受侍奉他人的辛劳即可获得,它们是水、嫩枝、树藤、新叶等。鹿便依这些不费辛劳而得的资具,在林中、在随心所欲的林野间快乐地生活,过着无忧的生活。在此处,有人遭遇了侍奉国王的过患,即便他未曾获得,也仍称扬野兽的生存方式。又,“以习性不侍奉他人”即是“无有劳累”之义;亦指“由此所可获得者”;亦指“草木初生之芽”;亦指“水与嫩枝等”;亦指“以这些为始的新叶之属”——应作如是词释。巴利
314. Idāni udāharati ‘‘sukha’’miccādinā. Hariṇā migā aparasevino vuttiṃ nissāya paraṃ asevamānā anāyāsopalābhehi parapariggahābhāvato parasevāparissamaṃ vinā labbhanīyehi jaladabbaṅkurādibhi udakadabbaṅkurarukkhalatāpallavādīhi vanesu icchiticchitāraññesu sukhaṃ jīvanti sukhajīvanaṃ karontīti. Ettha rājasevābyasanappattena kenaci anadhigatāpi migajīvikā pasaṃsitā hoti. Paraṃ na sevanti sīlenāti ca, abhāvo āyāsasseti ca, tena upalabhitabbāti ca, dabbānaṃ aṅkurānīti ca, jalañca dabbaṅkurāni ceti ca, tāni ādi yesaṃ pallavādīnamiti ca viggaho.
若后后者对前前者起限定作用,
此即所谓“单连珠”,依规则与遮止,分为两种。巴利
Uttaraṃ uttaraṃ yattha, pubbapubbavisesanaṃ; Siyā ekāvalī sā’yaṃ, dvidhā vidhinisedhato.
315 此处以“若后后对前前起限定作用”等句说明单连珠。若在一表述中,后后者——即更上更上者——对前前者起限定作用,那么依规则与遮止的方式,这便称为单连珠。此单连珠依规则与遮止,即依规则的方式与遮止的方式,分为两种。巴利
315. Ekāvaliṃ kathayati ‘‘uttara’’micchādinā. Yattha vuttiyaṃ uttaraṃ uttaraṃ upariṭṭhānamupariṭṭhānaṃ pubbassa pubbassa visesanaṃ vidhinisedhanavasena ekāvali nāma siyā. Ayaṃ ekāvali vidhinisedhato vidhivasena nisedhanavasena ca dvidhā.
315 今以“uttara”等句显示单连珠。凡一处表述中,后后(即更上、更上之分位)之词,前前之词以遮遣与立制的方式作为其能定之语,此即名为单连珠。此单连珠依立制与遮遣、即能立所遮之理而有二种。所言“后”“前”,是依处所作譬,指居其位之词本身。“前前之能定”,即以此将诸词相缀集。“立制”即作行令行,“遮遣”即禁遮不作,此是句释。于此处,“后后”与“前前”是就能定与所定之相,为显示遍充关系而作说,所定之相是自所共知的。巴利
315. Idāni ekāvaliṃ dasseti ‘‘uttara’’miccādinā. Yattha uttiyaṃ uttaraṃ uttaraṃ uparūparibhavaṃ padaṃ pubbapubbavisesanaṃ pubbapubbapadassa vidhinisedhanavasena visesanaṃ hoti, sā ekāvali nāma siyā. Ayaṃ ekāvali vidhinisedhato vidhinisedhavasena dvidhā hotīti. Uttaraṃ pubbanti ṭhānūpacārena ṭhānībhūtaṃ padameva vuccati. Pubbassa pubbassa visesanamiti ca, ekato āvaliyanti saṃvaliyanti padāni etāyāti ca, vidhividhānañca nisedho paṭisedho cāti ca vākyaṃ. Ettha ‘‘uttaraṃ uttara’’nti ca ‘‘pubbassa pubbassa’’iti ca kamena visesanavisesyaguṇena byāpanicchāyaṃ nibbacanaṃ, visesyaguṇaṃ gammamānameva.
足趾甲端严,
趾甲如光芒闪耀;
此光芒唯以驱散黑暗为用——
世尊的这些光芒这般辉耀。巴利
Pādā nakhālirucirā, Nakhālī raṃsibhāsurā; Raṃsī tamopahāneka - Rasā sobhanti satthuno.
316 此处以“足”等为例说明,其义易晓。其中,“足”等作为所修饰的主体,应以指甲光洁美丽等修饰方式加以修饰,因此这是一种“方式连珠法”。巴利
316. Udāharati ‘‘pādā’’iccādi. Sugammaṃ. Ettha pādādīnaṃ visesyānaṃ nakhālirucirattādividhānena visesanena visesitabbattā ayaṃ vidhiekāvali.
316 现在以“足”等为例说明。世尊的双足:指甲光洁美丽,指甲排列令人悦意;指甲排列因光芒而闪耀;光芒因光辉而如同天界;其光辉以驱除黑暗为唯一作用,在驱除黑暗中成为无与伦比的作用而闪耀。此处,足等前词以后后修饰语——如指甲光洁美丽等——加以修饰,因此这称为“方式连珠法”。所谓“指甲之排列”,即指甲排列光洁美丽;所谓“以光芒而闪耀”,即因光芒而闪耀;所谓“黑暗的驱除”,即驱除(黑暗);所谓“这些光芒以此为一的作用、功能”,这是对词句的解析。巴利
316. Idāni udāharati ‘‘pādā’’iccādinā. Satthuno pādā nakhālirucirā nakhapantīhi manuññā nakhālī nakhapantiyo raṃsibhāsurā raṃsīhi dibbamānā raṃsī kantiyo tamopahānekarasā andhakāravidhamane asahāyakiccā hutvā sobhantīti. Ettha pādādīnaṃ pubbapadānaṃ nakhālirucirattādividhāyakehi uttarauttaravisesanehi visesitattā ayaṃ vidhiekāvali nāma. Nakhānaṃ āli pāḷīti ca, nakhālīhi rucirāti ca, raṃsīhi bhāsurāti ca, tamaso apahāro apaharaṇamiti ca, so eko raso kiccaṃ etāsaṃ raṃsīnamiti ca viggaho.
不知足者,绝非修行者。
知足者不为贪爱所害;
不为众生带来无尽灾祸者,
他不名为贪爱。巴利
Asantuṭṭho yatī neva, Santoso nā’layāhato; Nā’layo yo sajantūnaṃ, Nā’nantabyasanāvaho.
317 “不满足”等。所谓不满足者,即于四种资具的满足中,无论哪一位修行者,都不应称作真正的修行者。被贪爱所伤者,便不名为满足。而不为众生带来无尽灾祸者,才不名为贪爱。这是借由否定“不满足”等状态来作为修饰语,因此属于“否定式连珠法”。巴利
317.‘‘Asantuṭṭho’’iccādi. Asantuṭṭho catupaccayasantosavasena yo koci yati nāma neva siyā. Ālayena taṇhāya āhato ca yo, so santoso nāma na hoti. Yo jantūnaṃ sattānaṃ anantabyasanāvaho na hoti, so ālayo nāma na bhavatīti. Asantuṭṭhādīnaṃ yatittādinisedhanavasena visesanānaṃ pavattiyā nisedhaekāvali ayaṃ.
317 “不满足”等。所谓不满足者,即对于衣等四种资具所开示的十二种满足,若不能以其中任何一种而安住,这样的修行者便绝不应被称作比丘。被贪爱所击溃者,便不名为满足。所谓不为众生带来无尽灾祸,即是不为有情带来无边的逼迫与损害,这样的状态才不名为贪爱。由于“不满足”等是通过否定比丘的状态来展现其修饰作用,因此这便称为“否定式连珠法”。“不满足”这一概念,是作为与修行者相关的整个有情集合体的共相而安立的。“不成为修行者”则安立于修行者之外的其他一切有情分上。因此,“不满足”是被修饰语,“绝非修行者”是其修饰语。在其余各处,修饰语与被修饰语的关系也应依照上述法则如理结合。何谓“不满足”?即不觉满足。何谓“被贪爱所害”?即被贪爱所击中。所谓“这些没有尽头”,即无有边际。所谓“那些灾祸”,即种种祸患。“带来那些”即是导致灾祸——语句应如此构成。巴利
317.‘‘Asantuṭṭho’’iccādi. Asantuṭṭho cīvarādīsu catūsu paccayesu dassitadvādasavidhasantosānaṃ aññatarena asantuṭṭho yati na eva bhikkhu nāma na hoti. Ālayāhato taṇhāya pahato santoso na hoti. Yo jantūnaṃ anantabyasanāvaho na yo sattānaṃ apariyantapīḷāpāpako na hoti, so ālayo na hotīti. Asantuṭṭhādīnaṃ yatibhāvādipaṭisedhavasena visesanānaṃ pavattattā ayaṃ nisedhaekāvali nāma. Asantuṭṭhapadaṃ yatisahitasakalasattasamudāyassa sādhāraṇabhāvena ṭhitaṃ, yati na bhavatīti yatito aññesu sakalasattasaṅkhātesu avayavesu patiṭṭhāpanato ‘‘asantuṭṭho’’ti visesyo, ‘‘yati ne’’ti idaṃ visesanaṃ. Sesesupi visesanavisesyattaṃ vuttaniyāmena yathārahaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Na santussatīti ca, ālayena hatoti ca, natthi anto etesamiti ca, tāni ca tāni byasanāni ceti ca, tāni āvahatīti ca vākyaṃ.
当种种事物之间,彼此互为庄严时,
毫无相似之处,彼此互为庄严。巴利
Yahiṃ bhūsiyabhūsattaṃ, aññamaññaṃ tu vatthunaṃ; Vināva sadisattaṃ taṃ, aññamaññavibhūsanaṃ.
318 现在说明“彼此”之义,以“yahi”等开头。所谓“yahi”,是指诸事物虽毫无相似,却彼此成为能装饰者与所装饰者的关系,这就叫作彼此装饰、庄严。巴利
318. Aññamaññamāha ‘‘yahi’’miccādinā. Yahiṃ sadisattaṃ vinā eva vatthunaṃ padatthānaṃ aññamaññaṃ bhūsiyabhūsattaṃ, taṃ aññamaññaṃ nāma vibhūsanamalaṅkāroti.
318 现在说明彼此庄严,以“yahi”等开头。所谓“yahi”,是指在庄严中,诸事物虽毫无相似,却彼此成为能装饰者与所装饰者的关系,也就是成为能庄严者与所庄严者的关系,这即是彼此庄严。其中,“bhūsiyā ca bhūsā ca”意为能装饰者与所装饰者,“tāsaṃ bhāvo”意为它们的状态,“aññañca aññañceti”意为彼此——这是词的分析。“aññamañña”一词是第六格词尾、无数量词的不变化词;若在有数量词的情况下,应作为“bhūsiyabhūsatta”的修饰语来解说。相对于所庄严者,它是能庄严物;相对于能庄严物,它是所庄严者——这就称为彼此。表示这种关系的庄严,也是因此意义而得名。巴利
318. Idāni aññamaññālaṅkāraṃ dasseti ‘‘yahi’’miccādinā. Yahiṃ alaṅkāre sadisattaṃ vinā eva vatthunaṃ aññamaññaṃ tu bhūsiyabhūsattaṃ alaṅkāriyaalaṅkārattaṃ hoti, taṃ aññamaññavibhūsanaṃ hotīti. Bhūsiyañca bhūsā cāti ca, tāsaṃ bhāvoti ca, aññañca aññañceti ca viggaho. ‘‘Aññamañña’’nti ettha chaṭṭhuntaasaṅkhyamabyayaṃ, sasaṅkhye ceti ‘‘bhūsiyabhūsatta’’nti imassa visesanaṃ katvā vattabbaṃ. Alaṅkāriyamapekkhāya alaṅkāravatthu ca, tamapekkhāya alaṅkāriyavatthu ca aññamaññaṃ nāma. Tandīpakālaṅkāropi tadatthiyena tannāmako hoti.
彼牟尼、世间亲,依一寻光轮,得大光辉;
彼亦依彼,得如是光辉。巴利
Byāmaṃsumaṇḍalaṃ tena, muninā lokabandhunā; Mahantiṃ vindatī kantiṃ, sopi teneva tādisiṃ.
319 举出“byāmaṃsu”等加以说明。易于理解。巴利
319. Udāharati ‘‘byāmaṃsu’’iccādinā. Subodhaṃ.
319 现在以“byāmaṃsu”等句举例说明。“一寻光轮”即指一寻长的光芒形成的轮环。以世间亲族的那位牟尼为作者,此光轮获得广大的、或应受供养的庄严光辉;而那位牟尼也正因此一寻光轮,获得如此庄严的光辉。彼此相异的二者,即所谓一寻光轮与牟尼,在第一句中,一寻光轮是庄严的对象,牟尼词义所指的是庄严者;在后一句中,二者通过互换,成为庄严对象与庄严者。而“aṃsūnaṃ maṇḍalaṃ”意为光芒之轮,“byāmaṃ eva aṃsumaṇḍalaṃ”意为一寻即是光芒之轮,“loko bandhu assa”意为世间是他的亲族,“sā viya dissati”意为如同那样显现,这是对词语的解释。巴利
319. Idāni udāharati ‘‘byāmaṃsu’’iccādinā. Byāmaṃsumaṇḍalaṃ byāmapabhāmaṇḍalaṃ lokabandhunā tena muninā karaṇabhūtena mahantiṃ mahatiṃ pūjanīyaṃ vā kantiṃ sobhaṃ vindati sevati, sopi muni tena eva byāmaṃsumaṇḍalena tādisiṃ kantiṃ vindatīti. Aññamaññaṃ asadisānaṃ byāmaṃsumaṇḍalamunisaṅkhātānaṃ dvinnaṃ vatthūnaṃ byāmaṃsumaṇḍalaṃ paṭhamavākye alaṅkāriyaṃ hoti, munipadattho alaṅkāro hoti. Aparavākye ime dve vipallāsena alaṅkāriyaalaṅkārā honti. Aṃsūnaṃ maṇḍalamiti ca, byāmaṃ eva aṃsumaṇḍalamiti ca, loko bandhu asseti ca, sā viya dissatīti ca viggaho.
陈述其共存之状态、作用与功德;
当知为共住,其例如下。巴利
Kathanaṃ sahabhāvassa, kriyāya ca guṇassa ca; Sahavuttīti viññeyyaṃ, tadudāharaṇaṃ yathā.
320 以“kathana”等阐明共语,易于理解。巴利
320. Sahavuttiṃ vadati ‘‘kathana’’miccādinā. Subodhaṃ.
320 此处以“kathana”等语开示共语。当知:所谓共语,即对作用与功德二者共存之共同性的阐述。其例证如下,应按下文即将说明的方式去理解。其中,“saha saddhiṃ bhavanaṃ”意为‘共同存在’,“sahabhāvassa vutti kathanaṃ”意为‘对共存状态的阐述’,“tassa udāharaṇaṃ”意为‘其例证’——这是词释。所谓‘共存’,即指月光、指甲光等词的词义。即便如此,由于它们的那种共同性存在于某一作用或功德之中,故作用与功德即具有共同性;因此说‘对共存状态、作用与功德的阐述’。巴利
320. Idāni sahavuttiṃ dasseti ‘‘kathana’’miccādinā. Kriyāya guṇassa cāti dvinnaṃ sahabhāvassa sahattassa kathanaṃ sahavuttīti viññeyyaṃ. Tadudāharaṇaṃ yathā tassa udāharaṇaṃ evaṃ vakkhamānanayena daṭṭhabbanti. Saha saddhiṃ bhavanamiti ca, sahabhāvassa vutti kathanamiti ca, tassa udāharaṇamiti ca viggaho. Sahabhāvo candarasminakhaṃsuādīnaṃ padatthānaṃ. Evaṃ santepi tesaṃ taṃsahattaṃ yassaṃ kriyāyaṃ guṇe vā bhavatīti sahattaṃ kriyāguṇānaṃ hotīti katvā ‘‘kathanaṃ sahabhāvassa kriyāya ca guṇassa cā’’ti vuttaṃ.
Jalanti candaraṃsīhi, samaṃ satthu nakhaṃsavo; Vijambhati ca candena, samaṃ tammukhacandimā.
321 “照耀”等。“相等”即是“共同”,指与世尊面月相等。其余容易理解。此处,由于宣说了“照耀”与“辉映”这两种共通动作的共同发生,故名为“动作共现法”。巴利
321.‘‘Jalanti’’iccādi. Samanti saha, tassa satthuno mukhacandimā. Sesaṃ subodhaṃ. Ettha jalanavijambhanānaṃ ubhayasādhāraṇānaṃ kriyānaṃ sahabhāvo vihitoti kriyāsahavutti ayanti.
321 现在为显示如前所许的例证,便以“照耀”等语宣说。世尊的爪光与月光相等而照耀,其如月之面也与月相等而辉映。此处,由于宣说了两方词义共通之照耀与辉映动作的共同发生,故名为“动作共现法”。又,“月的光线”、“爪的光芒”、“彼世尊的面”、“正是此面”,因与月相似而称为“月”,这些是语句。“相等”即是“共同”的同义语。巴利
321. Idāni yathāpaṭiññātaudāharaṇaṃ dasseti ‘‘jalanti’’iccādinā. Satthu satthuno nakhaṃsavo nakhakiraṇā candaraṃsīhi samaṃ jalanti, tammukhacandimā ca candena samaṃ vijambhatīti. Ettha ubhayapadatthānaṃ sādhāraṇabhūtajalanavijambhanakriyānaṃ sahabhāvassa vuttattā esā kriyāsahavutti nāma. Candassa raṃsiyoti ca, nakhānaṃ aṃsavoti ca, tassa satthuno mukhanti ca, tameva candimasadisattā candimāti ca vākyaṃ. Samaṃiti sahapariyāyo nipāto.
胜者以悲悯,与污秽及恶人之心同在;
十方极清净,与善士之心同在。巴利
Jinodayena malinaṃ, saha dujjanacetasā; Pāpaṃ disā suvimalā, saha sajjanacetasā.
322 “由胜者之出”等:“由胜者之出”,是作为工具或因缘而说。恶法染污,与恶人之心同在;十方极清净,与善士之心同在。意思是,由于善士之心断除了恶法,如同被清净的花环所庄严,因此极其无垢。这里说明了染污与极清净的相应关系及其共同发生,这即是“功德共现法”。巴利
322.‘‘Jinodayena’’ccādi. Jinodayena karaṇabhūtena, hetubhūtena vā dujjanacetasā saha pāpaṃ malinaṃ kiliṭṭhaṃ, sajjanacetasā saha disā dasavidhāpi suvimalā accantanimmalā suvimalayasomālāvalayitattā sajjanaceto pāpāpagameneti. Ettha malinattassa ca suvimalattassa ñāyasambandhino sahabhāvo vuttoti ayaṃ guṇasahavutti.
322 “胜者”等。由胜者出现——即已胜伏魔的世尊出现,以此作为方便或因缘,恶法(贪等)便成为污秽,与恶人之心同在。正是由此胜者的出现,十方变得极清净,与善士之心同在;因为善士心相续中远离恶法,名声的花环遍布三界,故极无垢。由于宣说了对双方词义共通的、名为污秽与极清净属性的共同发生,因此称为“功德共现法”。又,“胜者之出”“恶人之心”“由这些离垢”“极殊胜清净”“且他们为善士之心”,这些即是词句。巴利
322.‘‘Jino’’iccādi. Jinodayena jitamārassa bhagavato pātubhāvena, karaṇabhūtena hetubhūtena vā pāpaṃ lobhādidhammaṃ dujjanacetasā dujjanānaṃ cittena saha malinaṃ kiliṭṭhaṃ hoti. Imināyeva jinodayena disā dasa disāyo sajjanacetasā saha suvimalā sajjanacetasantānato pāpānaṃ apagamena kittimālāya bhuvanattaye patthaṭattā atinimmalāti ubhayapadatthānaṃ sādhāraṇabhūtamalinabhāvasuvimalabhāvasaṅkhātassa guṇassa sahabhāvassa vuttattā esā guṇasahavutti nāma. Jinassa udayoti ca, dujjanānaṃ cetoti ca, vigataṃ malaṃ etāhiti ca, su atisayena vimalāti ca, santo ca te janā ceti ca, tesaṃ cetoti ca vākyaṃ.
相违的词义,于彼处显现结合;
为表达极胜之义,这被视为相违。巴利
Virodhīnaṃ padatthānaṃ, yattha saṃsaggadassanaṃ; Samukkaṃsābhidhānatthaṃ, matā sā’yaṃ virodhitā.
323 阐明相违者,“相违之”等语。所谓相违,即彼此相违的行为等,在某一特定表达方式中,有结合、共处的显现。其目的为何?是为了表达极胜、殊胜之义,为了说明。此即所谓的相违性、相违。巴利
323. Virodhaṃ vibhāveti ‘‘virodhīna’’miccādi. Virodhīnaṃ aññamaññaviruddhānaṃ kriyādīnaṃ yattha vuttivisese saṃsaggassa sannidhino dassanaṃ, kimatthaṃ? Samukkaṃsassa atisayassa abhidhānatthaṃ kathanatthāya, sā ayaṃ virodhitā virodhīti matā.
323 现在以“相违之”等语显示相违庄严。在某一特定表达方式中,为了表达极胜之义而说明所描述对象的殊胜,彼此相违的词义、行为和性质等有结合、共处、关联的显现,此表达方式即被认为是相违性。这些性质等虽相违,却有结合、关联的显现,用以表达极胜、殊胜之义,而相违者的状态本不可共存——这是句义。此指示相违性的表达方式,即依其所表之义而得名。巴利
323. Idāni virodhālaṅkāraṃ dasseti ‘‘virodhīna’’miccādinā. Yattha uttivisese samukkaṃsābhidhānatthaṃ vaṇṇanīyavatthugataadhikakathanāya virodhīnaṃ aññamaññaviruddhānaṃ padatthānaṃ kriyāguṇādīnaṃ saṃsaggadassanaṃ sanniṭṭhānadassanaṃ sambandhadassanaṃ hoti, sā ayaṃ utti virodhitāti matāti. Virodho etesaṃ guṇādīnaṃ atthīti ca, saṃsaggassa sambandhassa dassanamiti ca, samukkaṃsassa adhikassa abhidhānanti ca, virodhīnaṃ bhāvo asaṅgahitoti ca vākyaṃ. Virodhitādīpakavutti tadatthena tannāmikā hoti.
诸德本性甘美,纵是世间独一亲眷之德;
若为行恶者所习近,便尽污其心。巴利
Guṇā sabhāvamadhurā, api lokekabandhuno; Sevitā pāpasevīnaṃ, sampadūsentimānasaṃ.
324 以“诸德性”等语举例说明。世间唯一依怙、世间怙主的德性,如阿拉汉性等,本性甘美,既能令善士满足、又能善巧滋养,然而若被恶行者所亲近,便会以生起憎恨与污染的方式,完全染污那些恶行者的心——所谓“他的德性竟如此殊胜”。在这里,本性甘美、能生起殊胜喜悦的德性与全然染污之间,应视为彼此相违。巴利
324. Udāharati ‘‘guṇā’’iccādi. Lokekabandhuno lokanāthassa sabhāvamadhurā sādhujanasampīṇanekacāturā api guṇā arahantatādayo sevitā pāpasevīhi tesaṃ pāpasevīnaṃ mānasaṃ sampadūsenti dosaduṭṭhāpādanavasenāvikaronti ‘‘tādiso guṇātisayo tassā’’ti. Ettha guṇānaṃ sabhāvamadhurānaṃ pītivisesuppādanayoggānaṃ sampadūsanena saha virodhoti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
324 以“德性”等语举例说明。世间唯一依怙——佛陀的德性,如阿拉汉性等,虽然本性甘美、原本温和,但若被恶行者所亲近、所接触,便会极度染污那些恶行者的心,令其极生恼怒。如是,他那殊胜的德性,是志向低劣者所无法共处的。若本性甘美的德性不生起喜悦,又怎会造成染污?而染污若离开如此本性甘美者,也不会存在。因此,这彼此相违的甘美德性与染污行为,其结合正是为了彰显德性的殊胜,应当以此为特征来理解两者的关联。“api”一词在此表相违之义。“本性甘美者”、“彼即唯一依怙”、“世间之唯一依怙”、“以戒行恶”等,是句义的解释。巴利
324. Udāharati ‘‘guṇā’’iccādinā. Lokekabandhuno buddhassa guṇā arahattādayo sabhāvamadhurā api pakatimadhurā api sevitā pāpasevīhi sevitā samānā pāpasevīnaṃ mānasaṃ sampadūsenti atisayena kopentīti. Evaṃ hīnādhimuttikehi sahitumasakkuṇeyyo tassa guṇātisayo vattati. Nanu sabhāvamadhuro guṇo pītiṃ vinā sampadūsanaṃ na kareyya, sampadūsanampi tādisasabhāvamadhuraṃ vinā na bhaveyyāti aññoññaviruddhānamesaṃ madhuraguṇasampadūsanakriyānaṃ saṃsaggaguṇādhikadassanatthanti lakkhaṇena yojetabbaṃ. Apisaddo virodhatthe vattate. Sabhāvena madhurāti ca, eko ca so bandhu cāti ca, lokassa ekabandhūti ca, pāpaṃ sevanti sīlenāti ca vākyaṃ.
若以布施,若以任何物;
取受殊胜者,此即名为回易。巴利
Yassa kassaci dānena, yassa kassaci vatthuno; Visiṭṭhassa ya’mādānaṃ, parivuttīti sā matā.
325 以“无论谁”等语句说明转换。“无论谁”指的是接受者。“对殊胜者之任何接受”则是关联。其余部分容易理解。巴利
325. Parivuttiṃ pavatteti ‘‘yassa’’iccādinā. Yassa kassacīti paṭiggāhakaṃ dasseti. Visiṭṭhassa yaṃ ādānanti sambandho. Sesaṃ subodhaṃ.
325 现在,通过“无论谁”等语句显示“转换”:无论对任何物品——哪怕是最微细的物品,也无论对任何接受者,若以布施为因,而对殊胜的最上物品有所取、有所受,这便称为转换。由于布施与纳受的转换,故名为转换。巴利
325. Idāni parivuttiṃ dasseti ‘‘yassa kassaci’’ccādinā. Yassa kassaci vatthuno khuddakavatthuno yassa kassaci paṭiggāhakassa dānena hetubhūtena visiṭṭhassa uttamavatthuno yaṃ ādānaṃ gahaṇaṃ atthi, sā parivuttīti matāti. Dānaggahaṇaparivuttattā parivutti nāma.
过去曾施与他人,悦意的眼等;
牟尼如今已证得,一切知智之祥瑞。巴利
Purā paresaṃ datvāna, manuññaṃ nayanādikaṃ; Muninā samanuppattā, dāni sabbaññutāsirī.
326 举“过去”等句为例。此处易解。因施与眼目等而摄受一切知智之祥瑞,故称之为转说。巴利
326. Udāharati ‘‘purā’’iccādi. Subodhaṃ. Ettha nayanādidānena sabbaññutāsiriyā ādānanti parivutti ayaṃ.
326 如今以“过去”等句举例。过去,牟尼先施与他人悦意的眼目等,如今便证得了一切知智之祥瑞——也就是名为一切知智、不与其他人共通的祥瑞。在此,因为“转说”一词已习惯于从所施之物而取,故由施与眼目等而摄受了一切知智之祥瑞;又因若无布施则无有摄受,故假立为转说。正如《杖论》中所言:巴利
326. Idāni udāharati ‘‘purā’’iccādinā. Muninā purā pubbe paresaṃ manuññaṃ nayanādikaṃ datvāna idāni sabbaññutāsirī sabbaññutāsaṅkhātā anaññasādhāraṇā sirī samanupattāti. Iha yassa dinnaṃ tato eva gahaṇe parivuttisaddassa niruḷhattā nayanādīnaṃ dānena sabbaññutāsiriyā ādānato, dānābhāve ādānābhāvato ca paṭiggāhakajane avijjamānepi sabbaññutā vijjamānattena parikappitāti parivutti hoti. Teneva daṇḍiyaṃ–
“ 以你的手臂,给予诸王刀剑之击,”
他们长久积聚而来的名声,如白莲般洁白。巴利
‘‘Satthappaharaṇaṃ datvā, bhujena tava rājunaṃ; Ciraṃ citābhaṭo tesaṃ, yaso kumudapaṇḍaro’’ti .
在此例中,以你的手臂给予敌人武器之击后,那些国王长久积聚的、如白莲般无垢的名声便被带来。“给予”通过与业相应的方式示现了“摄取”,故成为转说。至于“眼等是彼最上之肢等”、“了知一切”是“彼之状态”,这便是语句的涵义。巴利
Imasmiṃ udāharaṇe paccatthikānaṃ āyudhappahāraṃ datvā tava bāhunā tesaṃ rājūnaṃ ciraṃ rāsikato keravanimmalo yaso ābhaṭoti. Dadāti kammayuttato eva ādānaṃ dassetvā parivuttiphuṭā katā. Nayanāni ādīni yassa uttamaṅgādinoti ca, sabbaṃ jānātīti ca, tassa bhāvoti ca vākyaṃ.
有识者见已,
随顺如彼行。
于无疑之事,
此中被视为迷妄。巴利
Kiñci disvāna viññātā, Paṭipajjati taṃsamaṃ; Saṃsayāpagataṃ vatthuṃ, Yattha so’yaṃ bhamo mato.
327 以“某物”等句成立迷妄。智者见到某物,即见了光明等相之后,将与之相似——即与先前所见事物的意义相似、远离疑惑的事物——不加隐藏地确认,随后践行与了知;在此特殊之处,这便是迷妄。巴利
327. Bhamaṃ sambhāveti ‘‘kiñcī’’tiādinā. Viññātā puriso kiñci disvā ujjalanādikaṃ disvāna taṃsamaṃ tassa pure dissamānassa padatthassa sadisamaññaṃ vatthuṃ saṃsayāpagataṃ asannidhiṃ katvā paṭipajjati jānāti yattha visese, sāyaṃ bhamo mato.
327 现在以“某物”等句开示“迷妄庄严”。其中,在特定的说法上觉了时,具有觉知作用者见到某物,如方位、视线等,随后把那与所见事物相等、等同的同类事物,去除疑惑、使之确定无疑,据此而行持、了知;这便被认为是名为“迷妄”的庄严。由此,其词释为:与之等同;疑惑由此去除;以及诸事物之迷妄、不确立。“无疑惑”是修饰行为的。巴利
327. Idāni bhamālaṅkāraṃ dasseti ‘‘kiñci’’iccādinā. Yattha uttivisese viññātā avabodhakārako kiñci disāvilocanādikaṃ disvāna taṃsamaṃ vatthuṃ tena dissamānavatthunā tulyamaññaṃ vatthuṃ saṃsayāpagataṃ nissaṃsayaṃ katvā paṭipajjati jānāti, so ayaṃ alaṅkāro bhamoti matoti. Tena tassa vā samanti ca, saṃsayo apagato etasmāti ca, bhamanaṃ anavaṭṭhānaṃ vatthūnanti ca viggaho. Saṃsayāpagatanti kriyāvisesanaṃ.
胜者足甲之光,平等照耀诸方;
见者欢喜踊跃,如日如月悦心。巴利
Samaṃ disāsu’jjalāsu, jinapādanakhaṃsunā; Passantā abhinandanti, candātapamanā janā.
328 以“平等”等词举例:胜者足趾之光,于一切方所平等齐耀、光明赫奕;那些心向日月之人,见此诸方光明,便欢喜、满足。巴利
328. Udāharati ‘‘sama’’miccādi. Jinassa pādesu nakhaṃsunā disāsu sabbāsu samaṃ ekato ujjalāsu sajotīsu tā ujjalā disā passantā janā, candātapoti mano yesaṃ te tathāvidhā. Abhinandanti santussantīti.
328 现在以“平等”等句举例:以胜者足趾甲的光芒为工具,在十方同时平等闪耀时,见到那闪耀诸方的人们,心中便生起“这是日月”之想,依此日月想而转起,他们因而欢喜。他们对现前的趾甲光芒不作意,却对日月作意而转起,因此名为“迷乱”。“平等”意为同时。“心念为日月者”意指其心执为日月,这是释句。巴利
328. Idāni udāharati ‘‘sama’’miccādinā. Jinapādanakhaṃsunā karaṇabhūtena disāsu dasasu samaṃ ekakkhaṇe ujjalāsu tā ujjalā disā passantā janā candātapamanā candātapoti pavattacittā abhinandantīti. Vijjamānanakhamarīciyaṃ buddhimakatvā candātape buddhiyā pavattāpanato bhamo nāma. Samanti asaṅkhyaṃ. Candātapoiti mano yesanti vākyaṃ.
凡是被称为名等者,
是诸诗人内心之开示;
以任一种方式所成,
此即宣说为“心意”之名。巴利
Pavuccate yaṃ nāmādi, Kavīnaṃ bhāvabodhanaṃ; Yena kenaci vaṇṇena, Bhāvonāmā’ya’mīrito.
329 “被说”等句阐明心意。诗人们的心意即是意图,能开示彼意图者,便是心意开示,此即所谓名等。“等”字含摄修饰句。以某种遮遣的形式或方式而被表述,此即宣说为“心意”之名。巴利
329. Bhāvaṃ bhāveti ‘‘pavuccate’’ccādinā. Kavīnaṃ bhāvo adhippāyo, taṃ bodhetīti bhāvabodhanaṃ yaṃ nāmādi. Ādisaddena visesanavākyānaṃ gahaṇaṃ. Yena kenaci nisedhanarūpena ākārena pavuccate, ayaṃ bhāvo nāma īritoti.
329 现在,以“被说”等语句开示“心意庄严”。说者,即诗人们;心意开示,即阐明意图。凡是以名等、名词修饰语等,通过某种言辞、方式,遮遣或不遮遣“海洋”等其他义而说者,便宣说为“心意”。其词释为:以名等为始的两个修饰句,开显心意。阐明诗人们称为“意图”的心意的特殊意义,依此义而名为“心意”;彼所依之名等句聚,此处依所依的假说而被宣说为“心意”之名。巴利
329. Idāni bhāvālaṅkāraṃ dasseti ‘‘pavuccate’’ iccādinā. Kavīnaṃ vattūnaṃ bhāvabodhanaṃ adhippāyapakāsakaṃ yaṃ nāmādi nāmapadavisesanapadādi yena kenaci vaṇṇena ākārena sāgarādiatthantaraṃ paṭisedhetvā vā no vā pavuccate, ayaṃ bhāvo nāmāti īritoti. Nāmaṃ ādi yassa visesanavākyadvayasseti ca, bhāvaṃ bodhetīti ca vākyaṃ. Kavīnaṃ adhippāyasaṅkhātabhāvapakāsako uttiviseso tadatthena bhāvo nāma, tassa nissayabhūtaṃ nāmādipadasantānaṃ iha nissitopacārena bhāvo nāmāti īritaṃ.
岂非彼等即善人,
非海非界山?
纵使劫灭尽,
亦不弃轨范分毫。巴利
Nanu teye’va santā no, Sāgarā na kulācalā; Manampi mariyādaṃ ye, Saṃvaṭṭepi jahanti no.
330 于此,曾举“难道”等为例。“Manampi”意为“哪怕极微细”。“Mariyādaṃ”指自身行仪的界限,“saṃvaṭṭepi”即于劫灭之时。其余容易了知。此处,这些并非寻常的海洋等——那些在劫灭时舍弃了名为“不越岸”与“不动摇”之界限者,实非真正的海洋等。那么,何为真正的海洋等呢?正是那些即使在劫灭时亦能安住、彼时亦不舍离自之界限者,方为真正的海洋等。有些人遭遇不幸,却展现出无与伦比的坚定与明智;通过遮遣他义,以所说方式揭示诗人的本性,这便是“bhāva”庄严。巴利
330. Udāharati ‘‘nanu’’ccādi. Manampīti īsakampi. Mariyādanti attano ācārasīmaṃ, saṃvaṭṭepi palayakālepi. Sesaṃ subodhaṃ. Ettha na ime pakatisamuddādayo samuddādayo honti, ye palayakāle attano velānullaṅghanasaṅkhātaṃ acalattasaṅkhātañca mariyādaṃ pariccajanti. Kiñcarahi santā evete samuddādayo, ye yadi palayakālepi samāpateyyuṃ, tadāpi attano mariyādaṃ na muñcanti. Koci vipattiṃ patto niratisayaṃ dhīrattamattanovabodhetīti aññanisedhena kathitaṃ nāmaṃ kavisabhāvaṃ yathāvuttaṃ bodhetīti bhāvoyamiti.
330 今举“难道”等为例说明。在坏劫时,普通的海因逾越岸边的界限,便不再是真正的海。族姓山在那种时候,因逾越了名为“不动”的界限,七座族姓山便不再称为族姓山。那么,怎样的才算是真正的海等呢?那些善人,即使于坏劫时,在毁灭一切事物的劫末破坏之际,也不舍弃自己的行为界限,即使极微细的心意也不舍弃。正是这些善人,才被称为真正的海等,难道不是吗?有些人虽遭遇不幸,却展现出自己独有的坚定,此处通过否定海等其他含义的方式,以所显示的海等来表明作者不可动摇的意图,这就是名为“bhāva”的庄严。“Manan”一词表示少量,为无记数。“Api”则表示可能。巴利
330. Idāni udāharati ‘‘nanu’’ccādinā. Sāgarā saṃvaṭṭakāle tīramariyādaṃ atikkamentā pakatisamuddā sāgarā na bhavanti. Kulācalā tādisakāle acalasaṅkhātamariyādamatikkamentā satta kulapabbatā kulācalā nāma na bhavanti. Kiñcarahi sāgarādayo. Ye sādhavo saṃvaṭṭepi sabbavatthuvināsakakappavināsakālepi mariyādaṃ attano ācāramariyādaṃ manampi īsakampi no jahanti. Santā eva te sāgarādayo nāma honti nanūti. Koci byasanaṃ patto attano anaññasādhāraṇaṃ dhīrattaṃ pakāsetīti iha sāgarādiatthantarapaṭisedharūpena dassitasāgarādinā vattuno akampanādhippāyaṃ avabodhetīti ayaṃ bhāvālaṅkāro nāma. Mananti appakālavācakamasaṅkhyaṃ. Apīti sambhāvane.
因支与有支的关系,以及力量相似的关系,在结合中,
诸庄严品的结合,即称为“混合”。巴利
Aṅgaṅgībhāvā sadisa-balabhāvā ca bandhane; Saṃsaggo’laṅkatīnaṃ yo, taṃ missanti pavuccati.
331 说明“混合”:所谓“aṅga”等。支是能作饶益者,有支是所饶益者;它们的关系即是支与有支的关系,也就是能成就与所成就的关系,由此而生。那些具有相似、同等力量者,其关系不依赖支与有支关系,而以非主要的方式存在,也由此因缘而生。在结合的范围内,诸庄严品的聚合、同处安立,即称为“混合”。巴利
331. Missaṃ dasseti ‘‘aṅga’’iccādinā. Aṅgamupakārakaṃ, aṅgī upakāriyaṃ, tesaṃ bhāvo aṅgaṅgibhāvo sādhiyasādhanattaṃ, tato ca. Sadisaṃ samaṃ balaṃ yesaṃ te, tesaṃ bhāvo aṅgaṅgibhāvamantarena appadhānabhāvenāvaṭṭhānaṃ tato ca hetuto. Bandhane visaye, yo alaṅkatīnaṃ saṃsaggo ekattha sannidhānaṃ, taṃ missanti pavuccati.
331 现在解说“混合”庄严:“aṅgaṅgī”等。所谓“混合”,指在诗颂等结合的范围中,诸庄严的聚合、同处安立。它有两重因由:一是支与有支的关系,即以能饶益与所饶益、能成立与所成立为本性的因缘;二是力量相似的关系,即不依赖能成就与所成就,而以同等力量而存。至于语句,则如此构成:支是能成就,属于所成就者;支与有支,它们的关系称为能成就与所成就的关联;那些庄严具有相似的力量,它们的关系互不依赖;混合即混合之状态。巴利
331. Idāni missālaṅkāraṃ dasseti ‘‘aṅgaṅgī’’ccādinā. Aṅgaṅgībhāvā upakārakaupakāriyasaṅkhātapaṭipādakapaṭipādanīyasabhāvena hetubhūtena sadisabalabhāvā ca sādhiyasādhanabhāvaṃ vinā samānabalavantabhāvena ca bandhane pajjādibandhanavisaye alaṅkatīnaṃ alaṅkārānaṃ yo saṃsaggo sannidhānaṃ, taṃ missanti pavuccatīti. Aṅgaṃ sādhanaṃ assa sādhiyassa atthīti ca, aṅgañca aṅgī ceti ca, tesaṃ bhāvo sādhiyasādhanasaṅkhāto sambandhoti ca, sadisaṃ balaṃ yesamalaṅkārānamiti ca, tesaṃ bhāvo aññamaññanirapekkhatāti ca, missanaṃ missībhavanamiti ca vākyaṃ.
支与有支关系的混合巴利
Aṅgaṅgibhāvamissa
牟尼殊胜之足,趾甲光芒如大河。
啊!即使是对深深沉溺的人,他依然令他们获得安乐。巴利
Pasatthā munino pāda-nakharaṃsimahānadī; Aho gāḷhaṃ nimuggepi, sukhayatye’va te jane.
332 现在以“pasatthā muni”等为例加以说明。牟尼足上的指甲,其光芒犹如大河,故称为大河;这条河是殊胜的,因其具足稀有的成就,即使对深深彻底沉溺的人,也依然令他们获得安乐。啊,真是稀有!因为这与其他河流的情形截然相反。“即使自己深深沉溺,也令人安乐”这一句中,“nimuggepi”是以所修习的定为手段而安立,“pādanakharaṃsimahānadī”则是以所成就的事物为手段而安立的譬喻,因此这是一种混合庄严。巴利
332. Udāharati ‘‘pasatthā muni’’ccādi. Munino pādesu nakhā tesaṃ raṃsi eva mahānadīsadisattā mahānadī, sā pasatthā acchariyappattisabbhāvato gāḷhamaccantaṃ nimuggepi te jane sukhayatyeva, aho acchariyaṃ yato sesanadīvidhuraṃ. ‘‘Ayaṃ attani gāḷhaṃ nimuggepi sukhayatī’’ti ettha ‘‘nimuggepī’’ti samādhino sādhiyattenaṅgitāyāvaṭṭhitassa ‘‘pādanakharaṃsimahānadī’’ti rūpakaṃ sādhanattenaṅgatāyāvaṭṭhitanti missamidamalaṅkaraṇaṃ.
332 现在以“pasatthā”等为例加以说明。牟尼那殊胜的、因稀有而值得赞叹的足甲光芒大河——也就是被称为“足甲光芒”的大恒河——即使对那些深深、极度沉溺的人,对那些善士贤者,也依然令他们获得安乐,令他们成为安乐者。啊,真是稀有!因为其余河流的情形与此正好相反。在此,“沉溺”是以所修习的定为手段而安立的等持庄严支分,“足甲光芒大河”则是以所成就为手段而安立的譬喻庄严支分;由于这种支分与支分主的关系,这些庄严是混合的。其词句的构成是:“足上的指甲”、“它们的光芒”、“大”与“河”结合,意思是“如大河般的大河”,即“足甲光芒就是大河”。“gāḷhaṃ”是动词的状语,连接为“即使那些深深沉溺的人”。“拥有安乐的人们,令安乐者安乐”——如此连接成句。巴利
332. Idāni udāharati ‘‘pasatthā’’ iccādinā. Munino pasatthā acchariyattā pasaṃsanīyā pādanakharaṃsimahānadī caraṇanakhakiraṇasaṅkhātamahāgaṅgā gāḷhaṃ atisayena nimuggepi te jane sādhusappurise sukhayati eva sukhite kato eva. Aho acchariyaṃ sesanadīnamesā pavatti viruddhāti. Ettha sādhanīyabhāvena aṅgino ‘‘nimugge’’ti samādhialaṅkārassa ‘‘pādanakharaṃsimahānadī’’ti rūpakālaṅkāro sādhanabhāvena aṅganti katvā aṅgāaṅgībhāvena imesaṃ alaṅkārānaṃ missitā. Pādesu nakhāti ca, tesaṃ raṃsīti ca, mahatī ca sā nadī ceti ca, mahānadī viya mahānadī pādanakharaṃsiyo eva mahānadīti ca vākyaṃ. Gāḷhanti kriyāvisesanaṃ. Gāḷhaṃ nimujjanaṃ ye akaṃsu, tepīti yojanā. Sukhasamaṅgino janā sukhite sukhe karotīti vākyaṃ.
相似力混合巴利
Sadisabalabhāvamissa
他的威仪本具柔和,容貌如眼之甘露;
牟尼如蜜的言语,不令众人满足。巴利
Veso sabhāvamadhuro, rūpaṃ nettarasāyanaṃ; Madhūvamunino vācā, na sampīṇeti kaṃ janaṃ.
333 “Veso”等句容易理解。然而,此处是将等持、譬喻、明喻混合在一起的类似力量。巴利
333.‘‘Veso’’iccādi subodhaṃ. Idaṃ pana samādhirūpakopamāmissasadisabalanti.
333 “Veso”等。牟尼的威仪本性柔和——即本性温和,是胜者特有的佛威仪;容貌是眼睛的甘露,即具足相好庄严之身;言语如蜜,即因甜美而与蜜等同。如此之人,有谁不为之欢喜满足呢?“本性柔和”是等持庄严,“眼睛的甘露”是譬喻庄严,“如蜜”则是明喻庄严。这三者在令人生起满足上互不观待、力用相等,故为混合而用。“本性柔和”即本性温和;“rasīyati”是指被品尝、被享用;“rasa”是味道,成为味道的“āyana”是趣向、作用,所以称为“rasāyana”,即味物。“如味物般的容貌”也就是味物,是眼睛的味物——如此成其句义。巴利
333.‘‘Veso’’iccādi. Munino sabhāvamadhuro pakatimadhuro veso jināveṇiko buddhaveso ca nettarasāyanaṃ rūpaṃ lakkhaṇānubyañjanasampannaṃ rūpañca madhūva madhurattena madhusamānā vācā bhāratī ca kaṃ janaṃ na sampīṇetīti. ‘‘Sabhāvamadhuro’’ti samādhialaṅkāro ca, ‘‘nettarasāyana’’nti rūpakālaṅkāro ca, ‘‘madhūvā’’ti upamālaṅkāro cāti ime tayo pīṇane aññamaññāpekkharahitattā tulyabalāti imesaṃ missattaṃ hoti. Sabhāvena madhuroti ca, rasīyati assādīyatīti ca, raso rasabhūto āyanaṃ gati pavatti assāti rasāyanaṃ, rasavatthu. Rasāyanamiva rūpaṃ rasāyanaṃ, nettānaṃ rasāyananti ca vākyaṃ.
“ Āsī”一词,当取“siyā”(愿其如是)之义;
如“āsīsana”是对可欲之物的祈愿。
三界中唯一的归趣、众生的怙主,
从恶趣显现于世。巴利
Āsī nāma siyā’tthassa, Iṭṭhassā’sīsanaṃ yathā; Tilokekagatī nātho, Pātu loka’mapāyato.
334 他指出“āsi”的含义,即“āsi”等词。对于所爱、合意的事物生起希求与祈愿,便称为“āsi”。举例如“yathe”:三界——也就是三世间流转众生——的唯一归趣、无伴的归趣、可作依怙的庇护者,愿他护佑世间、护佑有情世间,令其远离恶趣。此处所希求的,正是对三界的护持。巴利
334. Āsiṃ dasseti ‘‘āsi’’ccādinā. Iṭṭhassa abhimatassa vatthuno āsīsanaṃ patthanamityanuvaditvā āsī nāma siyāti vidhīyate. ‘‘Yathe’’tyudāharati. Tilokassa lokattayavattino janassa ekagati asahāyagati paṭisaraṇabhūto nātho lokaṃ sattalokaṃ apāyato pātu pāletūti. Etthātilasitaṃ pālanamāsīsitanti.
334 如今说明“āsi”庄严,即从“āsī”等词开始。所谓“āsi”,是对所爱之义、所欲事物之希求与祈愿。如该处所举例:三界之唯一归趣、三有之无伴依怙、身为世间主的庇护者,愿他护佑世间、有情世间,令脱恶趣。“āsi”即是祈愿,表达此义的语句也以此命名。在“tilokekagatī”一例中,所希求的是守护。三界之合集,唯一归趣即依怙,故说“tilokassa ekagatī”。巴利
334. Idāni āsīalaṅkāraṃ dasseti ‘‘āsī’’ iccādinā. Iṭṭhassa atthassa icchitavatthuno āsīsanā patthanā āsī nāma siyā. Yathā tatthodāharaṇamevaṃ. Tilokekagati tibhavassa asahāyasaraṇabhūto nātho lokasāmi lokaṃ sattalokaṃ apāyato pātu rakkhatūti. Āsī nāma patthanā, taddīpikāpi utti tannāmikāva hoti. ‘‘Tilokekagatī’’ti imasmiṃ udāharaṇe pālanaṃ āsīsitaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ lokānaṃ samāhāroti ca, ekoyeva gati paṭisaraṇanti ca, tilokassa ekagatīti ca vākyaṃ.
能令于味生欣悦,所生庄严应知彼;
由具味之施设故,说彼名为具味者。巴利
Rasappatītijanakaṃ, jāyate yaṃ vibhūsanaṃ; Rasavantanti taṃ ñeyyaṃ, rasavantavidhānato.
335 举例说明“具味者”,是用“rasa”等词来显示的。若某种庄严能令人生起对味、味影等的领受,又能成就了知,那么这种庄严因为安立并成就了“具味”,所以当知它就是“具味者”。正如那能令人生起对“义”的领受的声音,称为“有义者”。巴利
335. Rasavantamudāharati ‘‘rasa’’iccādinā. Yaṃ vibhūsanamalaṅkaraṇaṃ rasābhāsādino patītijanakaṃ avagamasampādakaṃ jāyate, taṃ vibhūsanaṃ rasavantavidhānato sampādanato ‘‘rasavanta’’nti viññeyyaṃ yathā atthappatīti janako saddo ‘‘atthavā’’ti.
335 在总说中,以“rasī”等语显示已总说的味庄严。在已述诸庄严中,若有一类庄严,通过成就艳情等九种味中一种味或彼味之味影的觉了,而令人生起味的领受,此种庄严因具味的安立,且显明自身具味之状态,故知为“具味者”,即“rasī”。正如能令人生起义之领受的声音,称为“有义者”;同样,能令人生起味之领受的庄严,称为“具味者”,亦即“rasī”。如此,味之领受、令彼生起、彼有味、具味者的状态及其安立即为成就,如此成句。巴利
335. Uddese rasīti uddiṭṭharasālaṅkāraṃ dasseti ‘‘rasa’’iccādinā. Yaṃ vibhūsanaṃ vuttālaṅkārānamantare yo koci alaṅkāro rasappatītijanakaṃ siṅgārādinavavidharasesu ekassa rasassa vā tasseva rasābhāsassa vā avabodhanaṃ sampādento jāyate, taṃ vibhūsanaṃ rasavantavidhānato attano rasasahitabhāvassa pakāsanato rasavantanti rasīti ñeyyanti. Yathā atthappatītijanako saddo ‘‘atthavā’’ti vuccati, evaṃ rasappatītijanako alaṅkāro rasavanto ‘‘rasī’’ti ca vuccati. Rasassa patīti ca, taṃ janetīti ca, raso assa atthīti ca, rasavato bhāvoti ca, tassa vidhānaṃ sampādananti ca vākyaṃ.
俯临大地,红润低垂的奇妙莲华面容;
三界导师双足,浓染深红之色。
以恒常甘美之手紧紧执取,
以绵绵爱意的激切频频亲吻。巴利
Rāgānatabbhutasarojamukhaṃ dharāya, Pādā tilokaguruno’dhikabaddharāgā; Ādāya niccasarasena karena gāḷhaṃ, Sañcumbayanti satatāhitasambhamena.
336 以“rāga”等语为例。大地女神因贪染而低垂的奇莲面庞:“因贪染而低垂”指面庞,“因贪染而呈红色、低垂”指莲花。第一种解释:由于面庞与奇妙莲花相似,故与彼同一依处,并与“因贪染而低垂”构成复合词。第二种解释:那因贪染而低垂的奇妙莲花,是破大地而出、为承接吉祥足而涌起的奇莲,正是彼女的面庞,因其与面庞相似,故称为“因贪染而低垂的奇妙莲花面庞”。三界导师、正自觉者之足,在此指具有极强系缚、极强贪染,或因宿业而呈极红色者。以恒常、不断、具味之手(或光芒)紧握而取已,再以恒常持续、已安立的亲密与恭敬,频频亲吻或放置。于此,借由双关与譬喻,生起和合艳情味的味影。艳情味有二种:分离与和合。其中,分离依于圆满描述而令人愉悦,而此和合则不然。然而在和合味影中,实无可言说。虽如此,为启发愚者,于此和合味影之例,稍作考察。其中,由句义之力,可知足为爱者、大地女神为爱女。若依音声而说,则成重复。此处应知,足具有如此特质:若诗人不令增强喜乐的影显现,则此偈便不合理;由此类语,足被认知为具有喜乐之影——喜乐所缘、所依之影。巴利
336. Udāharati ‘‘rāga’’iccādi. Dharāya pathavīaṅganāya rāgena ānataṃ, mukhaṃ. Rāgaṃ rattavaṇṇaṃ ānataṃ ninnamitaṃ, sarojaṃ. Paṭhame abbhutasarojasadisatāya mukhaṃ, tena samānādhikaraṇanti rāgānatena samāso. Dutiye tu rāgānatañca taṃ abbhutasarojaṃ pathaviṃ bhinditvā sirīpādasampaṭiggahaṇatthaṃ uṭṭhahamacchariyapadumañca, tameva tassā mukhasadisattā mukhanti rāgānatabbhutasarojamukhaṃ. Tilokaguruno sammāsambuddhassa pādā. Kīdisā? Adhikabandho rāgo anurāgo, rattavaṇṇo vā yesaṃ te, tathāvidhā. Niccamanavarataṃ sarasena rasavatā karena hatthena, raṃsinā vā gāḷhaṃ ādāya gahetvā satataṃ niccaṃ āhito sambhamo ādaro, tadabhimukhatā vā, tena sañcumbayanti, nikkhipanti vā. Ettha silesarūpakehi sambhogasiṅgārarasābhāso janyate. Siṅgāro duvidho vippalambho, sambhogo ceti. Tesu vippalambhova samaggavaṇṇanādhārattā manoharo, nediso sambhogo. Sambhogābhāse tu vattabbameva natthi. Tathāpi’hā’dhigataṃ sambhogābhāsodāharaṇaṃ bālappabodhanatthaṃ kiñci vicāressāma. Tatra pādānaṃ kāmukattaṃ dharāya kāminittañca vākyasāmatthiyā viññāyate. Saddena vuccamānaṃ puna vuttaṃ siyā. Atra pādānaṃ taṃ viññeyyaṃ, ratyukkaṃsābhāso yadi kavinā paṭipādetabbo na bhaveyya, tadā gāthāyamananupapannaṃ siyāti evaṃvidhavacanatova pādā ratyābhāsavantoti gamyate. Ratiyā ālambaṇavibhāvābhāso dharākāmini, rammadesādivisesābhāve acchariyapadumuggamanābhāvato abbhutasarojasaddasavanena gammamānā rammadesādayo uddīpanavibhāvābhāsā, byabhicārībhāvābhāsabodhakāni kavivacanāni anubhāvābhāso. Tathā hi ‘‘niccasarasena karena gāḷhaṃ ādāyā’’ti karassa sarasatāgāḷhaggahaṇakathanena harisādayo gamyante. ‘‘Satatāhitasambhamenā’’ti iminā ussukkattādayo pahīyantīti evaṃ bandhavuttīti vibhāvādīhi bandhatthābhāsānaṃ manasi yo uppajjati ānandābhāso, so rasābhāso sambhogarasābhāso vuttoti.
336 今为显示例证,依应更显示的艳情、幽默、悲等味总说之相应,唯显示具艳情味者,即“rāga”等语。大地女神因贪染而低垂的奇莲面庞:即因贪染、因爱染而倾向、低垂,具足奇德的莲花相似面庞;或呈红色、低垂,名为奇妙莲花的面庞。三界导师、三世间教诲者、正自觉者之足:具有极强系缚、极强爱染,或因宿业而成极红色者。以恒常具味之手:即以恒常具爱染之手,或因无缺减、恒常具足的光芒;紧握而取:即紧握而取已,或触已;恒常以已安立的亲密:即恒常所作的恭敬,或以无间已安立的倾向状态;频频亲吻:即亲吻,或因住立作用的成就而触。巴利
336. Idāni udāharaṇaṃ dassento uttaripi dassetabbasiṅgārahassakaruṇādirasuddesassa anurūpato siṅgārarasayuttameva dasseti ‘‘rāgā’’iccādinā. Dharāya mahīaṅganāya rāgānatabbhutasarojamukhaṃ rāgena anurāgena abhimukhaṃ katvā namitaṃ acchariyaguṇopetapadumasadisānanaṃ no ce, rattavaṇṇaṃ ānataṃ abbhutasarojasaṅkhatamukhaṃ tilokaguruno bhuvanattayānusāsakassa sammāsambuddhassa pādā adhikabaddharāgā adhikabaddhānurāgavantā no ce, pubbakammena kataadhikarattavaṇṇā niccasarasena karena satatānurāgayuttena hatthena no ce, avikalattā satatasampattisahitena kiraṇena gāḷhaṃ ādāya gāḷhaṃ gahetvā no ce, phusitvā satatāhitasambhamena niccaṃ katādarena no ce, nirantarāhitaabhimukhabhāvena sañcumbayanti cumbanti no ce, ṭhitikriyāsādhanattena phusantīti.
以“贪与随贪使之倾斜、朝向”故;以“奇异”与“莲花”故,由相似性而称“奇异莲花与彼面”,故称“贪之倾斜、奇异莲花面”;以“贪是红色、倾斜、低垂”故,又以“彼与奇异莲花”故,因与彼面相似,故称“面”;以“三界之尊”故,即由殊胜而系属,或由自身宿业所成;以“贪、随贪或红色”故;以“由味、随贪或成就而共转起”故;以“置、供、生、敬或向彼倾斜”故——此即释义。巴利
Rāgena anurāgena ānataṃ abhimukhīkatamiti ca, abbhutañca taṃ sarojañceti ca, tena sadisatāya abbhutasarojañca taṃ mukhañceti ca, rāgānatañca taṃ abbhutasarojamukhañceti ca, rāgaṃ rattavaṇṇaṃ ānataṃ ninnamiti ca, tañca taṃ abbhutasarojañceti ca, tameva tādisamukhasadisattā mukhamiti ca, tilokassa gurūti ca, adhikaṃ katvā baddho, attano pubbakammena vā kato, rāgo anurāgo rattavaṇṇo vā yesamiti ca, rasena anurāgena sampattiyā vā saha vattamānoti ca, āhito vihito ca so sambhamo ādaro tadabhimukhabhāvo vā ceti ca viggaho.
在此,由“贪之倾斜”等首句所成的双关庄严,以及由“稀有莲花面”所成的譬喻庄严,生起了和合艳情味的似味。应知这种似味,是因男女之和合的似味,以及依那种方式假立,故称为味的似味。艳情味依结合、分离、和合而有三种,但结合与分离二者本质唯是分离,因此分离与和合成其为二种。其中,分离因有圆满的描述,如悦意之地般令人喜爱。和合则非如此,和合的似味亦是下劣。如是,由智者依适当的描述所造,于此所证得的和合味似味,作为味庄严的例子,应当了知此味之似味。虽于足之有情似味与地之爱女似味未以表词明说,但除“地之足乃三界尊”一句外,余词为持法阐明者所了知。巴利
Ettha ‘‘rāgānatā’’tiādikena silesālaṅkārena ca ‘‘abbhutasarojamukha’’nti rūpakālaṅkārena ca sambhogasiṅgārarasābhāso uppādīyati. Tādisaṃ itthipurisānaṃ sambhogābhāvena, tadākārena ca kappitattā rasābhāso nāmāti daṭṭhabbo. Siṅgārassa āyogavippayogasambhogavasena tividhattepi āyogavippayogadvayaṃ vippalambhamevāti vippalambho, sambhogo ceti duvidho hoti. Tesu vippalambhova anūnavaṇṇanāya bhūmittā manoharo. Sambhogo pana tādiso na hoti. Sambhogābhāsopi hīno hoti. Evaṃ sante payogaṃ katvā kurumānāya vaṇṇanāya ucitabhāvena ihādhigatasambhogasiṅgārarasābhāsena rasibhūtālaṅkārassa udāharaṇe rasābhāso evaṃ veditabbo. Pādānaṃ kāmukabhāvābhāse ca dharāya kāminībhāvābhāse ca vācakapadena avuttepi ‘‘dharāya pādā tilokaguruno’’ti idaṃ ṭhapetvā pāṇidhammapakāsakehi avasesapadehi ñāyate.
二者相互的喜悦似味,是以“系着更强的贪、贪之倾斜”等而说的。此喜悦似味在这里是常存相:男子的喜悦以女子为所缘,女子的喜悦以男子为所缘,足之情郎与地之爱女二者互为所缘,故成为所缘分别似味。若没有悦意之地等特殊条件,便不会有奇异红莲的生起,由于称引“稀有莲花”之词,所指的悦意之地等令喜悦增盛,故名为令增分别似味。由“恒常以味之手紧握”,即说手有味性与紧握,故能了知喜等。由“恒常安置与产生”,故能了知勇猛等。其中,喜与勇猛等称为随离相。表达这些随离相的上述诗语,即称为威力似味。如是,由常存相、随离相、分别相、威力相令义明了,智者所生起的名为喜悦似味的味似味,即在此说为和合味似味。常存相等将在后面显现。巴利
Dvinnaṃ aññamaññaṃ ratiābhāso ‘‘adhikabaddharāgā rāgānata’’nti imehi vutto. Ayaṃ ratiābhāso idha ṭhāyībhāvo purisaratiyā itthiyā ca, itthiratiyā purisassa ca ālambaṇattā pādakāmukadharākāminiyo dve aññamaññaṃ ālambaṇavibhāvābhāsā honti. Rammadesādivisesaṃ vinā acchariyapadumodayassa abhāvato abbhutasarojasaddassa uccāraṇena gammamānā rammadesādayo ratiṃ uddīpayantīti uddīpanavibhāvābhāsā nāma. ‘‘Niccasarasena karena gāḷhamādāyā’’ti iminā karassa sarasabhāvassa ca gāḷhaṃ gahaṇassa ca vuttattā harisādayo ñāyante. ‘‘Satatāhitasambhamenā’’ti iminā ussāhādayo ñāyanti. Tattha harisaussāhādayo byabhicārībhāvābhāsā nāma honti. Te byabhicārībhāvābhāse pakāsentāni yathāvuttakavivacanāni anubhāvābhāsā nāmāti evaṃ bandhe dissamānaṭhāyībhāvabyabhicārībhāvavibhāvaanubhāvehi atthāvabodhaṃ karontānaṃ paṇḍitānaṃ uppajjamāno yo santosābhāsasaṅkhāto rasābhāso atthi, so idha sambhogarasābhāsoti kathitoti. Ṭhāyībhāvādayo upari āvibhavissanti.
如是随顺先师之威力,
此诸庄严者之(论)已略说。
诗人对种种分别的构设层层递进,
谁能真见其尽头?巴利
Iccā’nugamma purimācariyānubhāvaṃ, Saṅkhepato nigadito’ya’malaṅkatīnaṃ; Bhedo’parūpari kavīhi vikappiyānaṃ, Ko nāma passitu’malaṃ khalu tāsa’mantaṃ.
337 如是依所说次第,完成前所承诺之义后,今为在结语之前指出众多义,故说“如是”等句。此处,“如是”一词,即依前说方式,随顺前代檀丁等诸师的威德与结撰之相,我已略说这些庄严之差别。既然如此,为何还说“简略”呢?因此说“后世”等。从后世以来,历经久远乃至极为久远,这些被诗人们所分别的庄严,究竟有谁能真实见得边际、穷尽其际?巴利
337. Evamuddesānukkamena yathāpaṭiññātaṃ niṭṭhapetvā idāni nigamanapubbakaṃ bahuttamesaṃ niddisitumāha ‘‘icci’’ccādi. Iti iminā vuttappakārena purimānaṃ daṇḍīādīnaṃ ācariyānaṃ ānubhāvaṃ bandhalakkhaṇāni anugamma anugantvā alaṅkatīnamalaṅkārānaṃ ayaṃ bhedo saṅkhepato nigadito kathito. Saṅkhepatoti vutto, kasmāti āha ‘‘uparūparī’’tiādi. Uparūpari dīghakālamārabbha yāvedāni matthakamatthake kavīhi vikappiyānaṃ pabhediyamānānaṃ tāsamalaṅkatīnaṃ antaṃ pariyantaṃ passituṃ khalu ekantena ko nāma jano alaṃ samattho.
337 如此,依宣说次第,于完成前所承诺的义庄严后,今以结语之方式,通过“随顺……”等文句,显示这些义庄严之众多性。即:如上所说道理,我随顺前代诸师——檀丁、跋陀罗波尼等古代诸师——的威德,亦即所谓“庄严论典”之威德,于此已将诸有庄严者之差别略为宣说、讲述、摄集。若问为何略说?因为从久远以来,直至今日,诗人们、创作者们以种种方式分别、构思、造作这些庄严,若要如实见到这些庄严的边际、尽头,究竟有谁能堪能、有力量呢?意思是:若不采取摄集之道,任何人都无法到达其边际。又,“前有”是指前代诸师;“其威德”即他们之威德;而“特别地、无混杂地构想”者,即是语句。巴利
337. Evaṃ uddesakkamena yathāpaṭiññāte atthālaṅkāre niṭṭhapetvā idāni nigamanamukhena esaṃ atthālaṅkārānaṃ bahubhāvaṃ dasseti ‘‘iccānugamma’’iccādinā. Iti yathāvuttanayena purimācariyānubhāvaṃ pubbakālikānaṃ daṇḍībhaddapāṇādīnaṃ alaṅkārasatthasaṅkhātānubhāvaṃ anugamma alaṅkatīnaṃ ayaṃ bhedo saṅkhepato nigadito mayā vutto saṅgahito. Kasmāti ce? Uparūpari dīghakālato paṭṭhāya yāvajjatanā kavīhi racanākattārehi vikappiyānaṃ anekappakārato kappiyamānattā puthakkariyamānānaṃ tāsamalaṅkatīnaṃ antaṃ pariyantaṃ passituṃ khalu ekantena ko nāma puggalo alaṃ samatthoti. Saṅgahamanādiyitvā kenāpi pariyantaṃ adhigantuṃ na sakkāti adhippāyo. Pure bhavāti ca, purimā ca te ācariyā ceti ca, tesamānubhāvoti ca, visesato asaṅkarato kappiyanti ca vākyaṃ.
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