5. 味觉知第五品
5. Bhāvāvabodha-pañcamapariccheda
具足辩才者,随顺世间惯用语;
由此,才思敏慧的诗人,以欢悦之心,绽放光华,超胜于众。
Paṭibhānavatā loka, vohāra’manusārinā; Tato’citya samullāsa, vedinā kavinā paraṃ.
与常情相应的诸味,诸别情、诸随情;
这些纽带结合一处,令善士得以品尝其味。
Ṭhāyisambandhino bhāva, vibhāvā sā’nubhāvakā; Sambajjhanti nibandhā te, rasa’ssādāya sādhunaṃ.
然而,心的种种殊胜运作,正因令味得以感受;
因此,喜等状态被称名为味,故以言辞称说。
Citta vutti visesā tu, bhāvayanti rase yato; Ratyādayo tato bhāva, saddena parikittitā.
常住状态之含义
Ṭhāyībhāvaadhippāya
某种状态虽以相反的方式存在,却不被遮蔽;
依戒而住立,这便称为‘住立状态’。
Virodhinā’ññabhāvena, yo bhāvo na tirohito; Sīlena tiṭṭhati’cceso, ‘ṭhāyībhāvo’ti saddito.
住立状态的分科概述
Ṭhāyībhāvappabhedauddesa
爱乐与欢喜,以及悲伤,
忿怒、精进与恐惧,亦在其中;
厌离、惊奇与舍,此即九种住立状态。
Rati, hasso, ca soko, ca, Kodhu, ssāhā, bhayaṃ,pi ca; Jigucchā, vimhayo, ceva, samo ca nava ṭhāyino.
关于变动状态的含义
Byabhicārībhāvaadhippāya
以消失、显现等差别,面向种种分别;
那些依戒而行者,他们却成为变动不定之人。
Tirobhāvā, vibhāvā’di, visesanā’bhimukhyato; Ye te caranti sīlena, te honti byabhicārino.
变异状态之类别
Byabhicāribhāvapabheda
厌离、寻思、疑惑、平静
坚忍、迟钝、沮丧、懈怠
昏睡、恐惧、病弱、渴求、喜悦
念、忧愁、沮丧、弃舍
思虑、胎中、迷乱、朋友、骄慢
愚痴、迷醉、痴惑、觉醒
睡眠、急迫、虚弱、死亡
轻躁、疾病,以上这三十三种。
Nibbedo , takka, saṅkā, sama, Dhiti, jaḷatā, dīnatu, ggā, lasattaṃ, Suttaṃ, tāso, gilānu, ssuka, harisa, Sati, ssā, visādā, bahitthā ; Cintā, gabbā, pamāro, marisa, mada, Matu, mmāda, mohā, vibodho, Niddā, vegā, sabilaṃ, maraṇa, Capalatā , byādhi, tettiṃsa mete.
七种有的主旨
Sattikabhāvaadhippāya
从定心自体所生,此七种得以安立;
依于生命力,它们成为彼此不同的状态。
Samāhita’tta’ppabhavaṃ, sattaṃ teno’papāditā; Sattikā pya’nubhāvatte, visuṃ bhāvā bhavanti te.
生命状态的差别。
Sattikabhāvappabheda
僵硬、瘫软、身毛竖立,汗出、流泪、颤抖;
面色改变、声音嘶哑,这八种便是生命力的表现。
Thambho, paḷaya, romañcā, tathā seda, ssu, vepathu; Vevaṇṇiyaṃ, visaratā, bhāvā’ṭṭhe’te tu sattikā.
当贪爱等诸法不具安住之性时;
那么,他们一切法皆成变异无常。
Yadā ratyādayo bhāvā, ṭhitisīlā na honti ce; Tadā sabbepi te bhāvā, bhavanti byabhicārino.
Vibhāvo kāraṇaṃ tesu, ppattiyu’ddīpane tathā; Yo siyā bodhako tesaṃ, Anubhāvo’ya mīrito.
为阐明心之种种因缘,及其殊胜差别;
有、非有与体验,于此结缚中得显明。
Nekahetuṃ manovutti, visesañca vibhāvituṃ; Bhāvaṃ vibhāvā’nubhāvā, vaṇṇiyā bandhane phuṭaṃ.
Savibhāvā’nubhāvehi, bhāvā te te yathārahaṃ; Vaṇṇanīyā yatho’cityaṃ, lokarūpā’nugāminā.
Citta vutti visesattā, mānasā sattikā’ṅgato; Bahi nissaṭa sedādi, anubhāvehi vaṇṇiyā.
Sāmājikāna mānando, yo bandhatthā’nusārinaṃ; Rasīyatīti taññūhi, raso nāmā’ya’mīrito.
具有自性、威力与不定情,
可品尝、可执取,慢即住立于此味。
Savibhāvā, nubhāvehi, sattika,byabhicāribhi; Assādiyatta mānīya, māno ṭhāye’va so raso.
艳情、滑稽、悲悯、暴戾、英勇、恐惧,
厌恶、奇异、寂静,这些味依次为常情。
Siṅgāra,hassa,karuṇā, rudda,vīra,bhayānakā; Bībhaccha,bbhuta,santā, ca, rasā ṭhāyīna nukkamā.
Dukkharūpe’ya’ mānando, kathaṃ nu karuṇādike? Siyā sotūnamānando, Soko vessantarassa hi.
‘常住性’的说明:爱之常住性
Ṭhāyībhāva niddesa ratiṭṭhāyībhāva
受用可爱之地、技艺、时节、服饰等
青年男女相互爱染的欢喜,称为爱
Ramma,desa, kalā, kāla, vesādi, paṭisevanā; Yuvāna’ññoññarattānaṃ, pamodo rati ruccate.
他们以适当的方式,依其状态与威力,以种种联系滋养他。
Yutyā bhāvānubhāvā te, nibandhā posayanti naṃ; Sopya’yoga, vippayoga, sambhogānaṃ vasā tidhā.
笑的状态
Hassaṭṭhāyībhāva
通过变化、行为等,于自身或他人;
笑、睡眠、懈怠、昏沉等,属于不定心所;
受滋养时,笑可生起,于骨骼等身分中尤为增盛。
Vikārā’katiādīhi, attano tha parassa vā; Hasso niddā, samā’lasya, mucchādi,byabhicāribhi; Paripose siyā hasso, bhiyyo’tthipabhutīnaṃ so.
笑的分门别类
Hassappabheda
Sita miha vikāsi nayanaṃ, Kiñcā’lakkhiya dijaṃ tu taṃ hasitaṃ; Madhurassaraṃ vihasitaṃ, aṃsasirokampamupahasitaṃ.
不笑而含泪之眼、肢体散乱者,此为过度之笑;
若这些一一成双而说,
于上者、中者、下者,依次而说。
Apahasitaṃ sajala’kkhi, vikkhittaṅgaṃ bhavatya’tihasitaṃ; Dve dve kathitā ce’saṃ, Jeṭṭhe majjhe’dhame ca kamaso.
悲悯的持续状态
Karuṇaṭṭhāyībhāva
悲悯以忧苦为相,以拔除苦难为成就;
于此,其表现为哭泣、昏厥、僵硬等;
沮丧、懈怠、死亡、忧虑等为不定法。
Sokarūpo tu karuṇo, niṭṭhappatti’ṭṭha nāsato; Tatthā’nubhāvā rudita, paḷaya,tthambhakādayo; Visādā,lasya,maraṇa, cintā’dī byabhicārino.
暴戾持续状态。
Ruddaṭṭhāyībhāva
Kodho macchariyā’dīhi, pose tāsa, madādibhi; Nayanā’ruṇatādīhi, ruddo nāma raso bhave.
勇者安住。
Vīraṭṭhāyībhāva
于威势、英勇等中,精进名为‘英雄’,此即其义;
由战斗、布施、慈悲相应,此英雄有三种;
此三种威力——坚定、勇猛等——是变异不定的。
Patāpa, vikkamā’dīhu, ssāho ‘vīro’ti saññito; Raṇa,dāna,dayāyogā, vīro’yaṃ tividho bhave; Tevā’nubhāvā dhiti,ma, tyā’dayo byabhicārino.
恐惧的持续状态
Bhayaṭṭhāyībhāva
变异、相续、有情等的变化,恐惧之增盛即是怖畏;
此处,出汗等是威力的显现,颤抖等则变动不定。
Vikārā,sani,sattā’di, bhayu’kkaṃso bhayānako; Sedā’dayo nubhāve’ttha, tāsā’dī byabhicārino.
厌离的持续状态
Jigucchāṭṭhāyībhāva
因血液等、腐烂等而生厌,由离欲而成为可厌;
可厌者,则依次具激动与恐惧,并与悲悯相应;
以皱鼻等、怀疑等为其表现。
Jigucchā rudhirā’dīhi, pūtyā’dīhi virāgato; Bībhaccho khobhanu’bbegī, kamena karuṇāyuto; Nāsā vikūṇanādīhi, saṅkādīhi’ssa posanaṃ.
惊奇状态
Vimhayaṭṭhāyībhāva
Ati loka padatthehi, vimhayo’yaṃ raso’bbhuto; Tassā’nubhāvā seda,ssu, sādhuvādā’dayo siyuṃ; Tāsā,vega,dhiti,ppaññā, honte’ttha byabhicārino.
稳固性。
Samaṭṭhāyībhāva
安住的状态是慈、悲、喜等生起之因;
由修习等令彼增上,为寂静者恒常依止。
Ṭhāyībhāvo samo mettā, dayā,modā’di sambhavo; Bhāvādīhi ta’dukkaṃso, santo santa nisevito.