第七 神足相应
7. Iddhipādasaṃyuttaṃ
1. 遮波罗品
1. Cāpālavaggo
1. 彼岸经
1. Apārasuttaṃ
813“诸比丘,修习、多修此四神足,能导向从此岸至彼岸。何等为四?诸比丘,在此,有比丘修习欲定勤行成就所摄之神足,修习精进定勤行成就所摄之神足,修习心定勤行成就所摄之神足,修习观定勤行成就所摄之神足。诸比丘,此四神足,若修习、多修,即能导向从此岸至彼岸。第一经。”
‘‘Cattārome bhikkhave, iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā apārā pāraṃ gamanāya saṃvattanti. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, cittasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā apārā pāraṃ gamanāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
错失经
2. Viraddhasuttaṃ
814“诸比丘,任何人若缺失此四神足,便缺失了那能正确灭尽苦的圣道;任何人若成就此四神足,便成就了那能正确灭尽苦的圣道。是哪四种呢?诸比丘,于此,有比丘修习具足欲定勤行成就之神足,修习具足精进定勤行成就之神足,修习具足心定勤行成就之神足,修习具足观定勤行成就之神足。诸比丘,任何人若缺失此四神足,便缺失了那能正确灭尽苦的圣道;任何人若成就此四神足,便成就了那能正确灭尽苦的圣道。第二经。”
‘‘Yesaṃ kesañci, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā viraddhā, viraddho tesaṃ ariyo maggo sammā dukkhakkhayagāmī. Yesaṃ kesañci, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā āraddhā, āraddho tesaṃ ariyo maggo sammā dukkhakkhayagāmī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Yesaṃ kesañci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro iddhipādā viraddhā, viraddho tesaṃ ariyo maggo sammā dukkhakkhayagāmī. Yesaṃ kesañci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro iddhipādā āraddhā, āraddho tesaṃ ariyo maggo sammā dukkhakkhayagāmī’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
815诸比丘,这四神足若修习、多修习,便会有大果报、大利益。诸比丘,四神足如何修习、多修习,方有大果报、大利益呢?诸比丘,于此,有比丘修习具备欲之定与勤行成就的神足。他如是思惟:‘我的“欲”既不会萎靡不振,也不会过于亢奋;既不会向内收缩,也不会向外散乱。’他安住于‘前后想’:后如前,前如后;下如上,上如下;夜如昼,昼如夜。如此,他以开放、不被缠缚的心,培育那具足光辉的心。
‘‘Cattārome , bhikkhave, iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā mahapphalā honti mahānisaṃsā. Kathaṃ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā kathaṃ bahulīkatā mahapphalā honti mahānisaṃsā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ‘iti me chando na ca atilīno bhavissati, na ca atippaggahito bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṃ saṃkhitto bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhitto bhavissati’. Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati – yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho; yathā divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā. Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti.
厌离经
4. Nibbidāsuttaṃ
816“诸比丘,此四神足,若修习、多修习,则有大果报、大利益。”
‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā mahapphalā honti mahānisaṃsā’’.
5. 神足处经
5. Iddhipadesasuttaṃ
817“诸比丘,过去世的沙门或婆罗门,凡圆满成就神力者,皆因修习、多修此四神足之故。诸比丘,未来世的沙门或婆罗门,凡将圆满成就神力者,皆将因修习、多修此四神足之故。诸比丘,现在世的沙门或婆罗门,凡圆满成就神力者,皆因修习、多修此四神足之故。”
‘‘Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, atītamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā samattaṃ iddhiṃ abhinipphādesuṃ, sabbe te catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, anāgatamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā samattaṃ iddhiṃ abhinipphādessanti, sabbe te catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, etarahi samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā samattaṃ iddhiṃ abhinipphādenti , sabbe te catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā.
哪四种呢?诸比丘,于此,比丘修习具足欲定勤行成就之神足,修习具足精进定勤行成就之神足,修习具足心定勤行成就之神足,修习具足观定勤行成就之神足。诸比丘,由修习、多修此四神足,比丘于诸漏尽,在现法中,以证智自作证而住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。
‘‘Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
第六 成就经
6. Samattasuttaṃ
818诸比丘,过去无论任何沙门或婆罗门,皆亲证种种神通变化:一身变多身,多身变一身;显现、隐没;穿越墙壁、城垣、山岳,无有障碍,犹如行于虚空;于地中出没,如在水中;行于水面而不破水,如履平地;于虚空中结跏趺坐而行,如鸟飞翔;以手触摸、擦拭如此具大威力、大神通的日月;乃至以身体自在往至梵天界——他们全都是因为已修习、反复修习了四神足。
‘‘Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, atītamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhosuṃ – ekopi hutvā bahudhā ahesuṃ, bahudhāpi hutvā eko ahesuṃ; āvibhāvaṃ, tirobhāvaṃ; tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamānā agamaṃsu, seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ akaṃsu, seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne agamaṃsu, seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamiṃsu, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimasiṃsu parimajjiṃsu; yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattesuṃ, sabbe te catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā.
哪四种呢?诸比丘,于此,比丘修习具足欲定勤行成就之神足,修习具足精进定……心定……观定勤行成就之神足。诸比丘,过去无论任何沙门或婆罗门,凡于此神足获得成就者,皆是修习、多修习这四种神足的缘故。诸比丘,未来无论任何沙门或婆罗门,将于此神足获得成就者,亦皆是修习、多修习这四种神足的缘故。诸比丘,现在无论任何沙门或婆罗门,于此神足获得成就者,皆是修习、多修习这四种神足的缘故。第五经。
‘‘Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, atītamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā iddhipadesaṃ abhinipphādesuṃ, sabbe te imesaṃyeva catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, anāgatamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā iddhipadesaṃ abhinipphādessanti, sabbe te imesaṃyeva catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, etarahi samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā iddhipadesaṃ abhinipphādenti, sabbe te imesaṃyeva catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
7. 比丘经
7. Bhikkhusuttaṃ
819“诸比丘,过去世中,凡有比丘由灭尽诸漏,于现法中以自证智亲证、进入并安住于无漏的心解脱与慧解脱,他们全都因为修习并反复修习四种神足之故。诸比丘,未来世中,凡有比丘将由灭尽诸漏,于现法中以自证智亲证、进入并安住于无漏的心解脱与慧解脱,他们全都将因为修习并反复修习四种神足之故。诸比丘,现在世中,凡有比丘由灭尽诸漏,于现法中以自证智亲证、进入并安住于无漏的心解脱与慧解脱,他们全都因为修习并反复修习四种神足之故。”
‘‘Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, atītamaddhānaṃ bhikkhū āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihariṃsu, sabbe te catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, anāgatamaddhānaṃ bhikkhū āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissanti, sabbe te catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, etarahi bhikkhū āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharanti, sabbe te catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā.
哪四种呢?诸比丘,于此,比丘修习欲定勤行成就神足,修习精进定勤行成就神足,修习心定勤行成就神足,修习观定勤行成就神足。诸比丘,过去世中,任何沙门或婆罗门,圆满成就神力,他们皆因修习、多修此四神足。诸比丘,未来世中,任何沙门或婆罗门,将圆满成就神力,他们皆将因修习、多修此四神足。诸比丘,现在世中,任何沙门或婆罗门,圆满成就神力,他们皆因修习、多修此四神足。第六经。
‘‘Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, atītamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā samattaṃ iddhiṃ abhinipphādesuṃ, sabbe te imesaṃyeva catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, anāgatamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā samattaṃ iddhiṃ abhinipphādessanti, sabbe te imesaṃyeva catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, etarahi samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā samattaṃ iddhiṃ abhinipphādenti, sabbe te imesaṃyeva catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
8. 佛陀经
8. Buddhasuttaṃ
820“诸比丘,有这四种神足。哪四种呢?诸比丘,于此,比丘修习具足欲定与勤行成就的神足,修习具足精进定与勤行成就的神足,修习具足心定与勤行成就的神足,修习具足观定与勤行成就的神足。诸比丘,这就是四种神足。诸比丘,正是由于修习、多修习这四种神足,如来才被称为‘阿拉汉、正自觉者’。” 第八经。
‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, iddhipādā. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi …pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā . Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā tathāgato ‘arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’ti vuccatī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
821“这是具足欲定勤行成就的神足。”诸比丘,于前所未闻的法,我心中生起了眼,生起了智,生起了慧,生起了明,生起了光。“而此具足欲定勤行成就的神足,应当修习。”诸比丘……“已经修习了。”诸比丘,于前所未闻的法,我心中生起了眼,生起了智,生起了慧,生起了明,生起了光。
‘‘‘Ayaṃ chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgato iddhipādo’ti me bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi. ‘So kho panāyaṃ chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgato iddhipādo bhāvetabbo’ti me, bhikkhave…pe… ‘bhāvito’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.
“这是具足精进定勤行成就的神足。”诸比丘,于前所未闻的法,我心中生起了眼,生起了智,生起了慧,生起了明,生起了光。“而此具足精进定勤行成就的神足,应当修习。”诸比丘……“已经修习了。”诸比丘,于前所未闻的法,我心中生起了眼,生起了智,生起了慧,生起了明,生起了光。
‘‘‘Ayaṃ vīriyasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgato iddhipādo’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi. ‘So kho panāyaṃ vīriyasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgato iddhipādo bhāvetabbo’ti me, bhikkhave…pe… ‘bhāvito’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.
“这是具足心定勤行成就的神足。”诸比丘,于前所未闻的法,我心中生起了眼,生起了智,生起了慧,生起了明,生起了光。“而此具足心定勤行成就的神足,应当修习。”诸比丘……“已经修习了。”诸比丘,于前所未闻的法,我心中生起了眼,生起了智,生起了慧,生起了明,生起了光。
‘‘‘Ayaṃ cittasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgato iddhipādo’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi. ‘So kho panāyaṃ cittasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgato iddhipādo bhāvetabbo’ti me, bhikkhave…pe… ‘bhāvito’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.
‘这是具足观定与勤行成就的神足’——诸比丘,对于这些前所未闻的法,我生起了眼,生起了智,生起了慧,生起了明,生起了光。‘而这具足观定与勤行成就的神足,是应当修习的’——诸比丘……‘已经修习了’——诸比丘,对于这些前所未闻的法,我生起了眼,生起了智,生起了慧,生起了明,生起了光。
‘‘‘Ayaṃ vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgato iddhipādo’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi. ‘So kho panāyaṃ vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgato iddhipādo bhāvetabbo’ti me, bhikkhave…pe… ‘bhāvito’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
10. 塔庙经
10. Cetiyasuttaṃ
822如是我闻:一时,世尊住在毗舍离的大林重阁讲堂。那时,世尊在午前时分,穿好下衣,持钵与袈裟,进入毗舍离托钵乞食。在毗舍离乞食归来,用过饭后,世尊对具寿阿难说:“阿难,带上坐垫,我们到遮波罗塔庙去作日间休息。”“好的,世尊。”具寿阿难应答世尊后,便带上坐垫,紧跟在世尊身后。那时,世尊来到遮波罗塔庙,到了之后,在铺好的座位上坐下。具寿阿难也顶礼世尊后,坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的具寿阿难这样说:
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya vesāliṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Vesāliyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘gaṇhāhi, ānanda, nisīdanaṃ. Yena cāpālaṃ cetiyaṃ tenupasaṅkamissāma divāvihārāyā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ bhante’’ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paṭissutvā nisīdanaṃ ādāya bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhi. Atha kho bhagavā yena cāpālaṃ cetiyaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Āyasmāpi kho ānando bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
阿难,毗舍离可意,优填塔庙可意,乔达摩卡塔庙可意,七庵婆罗塔庙可意,多子塔庙可意,沙兰达达塔庙可意,遮波罗塔庙可意。阿难,凡有人修习、广为修习四神足,以为车乘,以为立足之处,稳固安立,熟练精通,善加精勤者,若他愿意,便可住世一劫,或一劫之余。阿难,如来则已修习、广为修习四神足,以为车乘,以为立足之处,稳固安立,熟练精通,善加精勤。阿难,如来若愿意,亦可住世一劫,或一劫之余。
‘‘Ramaṇīyā, ānanda, vesālī, ramaṇīyaṃ udenaṃ cetiyaṃ, ramaṇīyaṃ gotamakaṃ cetiyaṃ, ramaṇīyaṃ sattambaṃ cetiyaṃ, ramaṇīyaṃ bahuputtaṃ cetiyaṃ , ramaṇīyaṃ sārandadaṃ cetiyaṃ , ramaṇīyaṃ cāpālaṃ cetiyaṃ. Yassa kassaci, ānanda, cattāro iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā, so ākaṅkhamāno kappaṃ vā tiṭṭheyya kappāvasesaṃ vā. Tathāgatassa kho, ānanda, cattāro iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā. Ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, tathāgato kappaṃ vā tiṭṭheyya kappāvasesaṃ vā’’ti.
虽然世尊给出了如此明显的暗示和清晰的信号,尊者阿难却未能领悟。他没有这样恳请世尊:“尊者!愿世尊住世一劫!愿善逝住世一劫!为大众的利益与安乐,出于对世间的悲悯,为诸天与人的利益、安乐与福祉。”因为其时他的心已被魔罗所缠缚。
Evampi kho āyasmā ānando bhagavatā oḷārike nimitte kayiramāne oḷārike obhāse kayiramāne nāsakkhi paṭivijjhituṃ; na bhagavantaṃ yāci – ‘‘tiṭṭhatu, bhante, bhagavā kappaṃ, tiṭṭhatu sugato kappaṃ bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna’’nti yathā taṃ mārena pariyuṭṭhitacitto.
第二次,世尊……第三次,世尊对尊者阿难说:“阿难,毗舍离令人愉悦,优填塔庙令人愉悦,乔达摩卡塔庙令人愉悦,七聚塔庙令人愉悦,多子塔庙令人愉悦,萨兰达达塔庙令人愉悦,遮波罗塔庙亦令人愉悦。阿难,无论何人,若已修习、多修习四神足,将其作为车乘,作为基础,安立巩固、串习熟练、善加精勤,则若他愿意,便可住世一劫或一劫之余。如来,阿难,已修习、多修习四神足,将其作为车乘,作为基础,安立巩固、串习熟练、善加精勤。阿难,如来若愿意,亦能住世一劫或一劫之余。”
Dutiyampi kho bhagavā…pe… tatiyampi kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ramaṇīyā, ānanda, vesālī, ramaṇīyaṃ udenaṃ cetiyaṃ, ramaṇīyaṃ gotamakaṃ cetiyaṃ, ramaṇīyaṃ sattambaṃ cetiyaṃ, ramaṇīyaṃ bahuputtaṃ cetiyaṃ, ramaṇīyaṃ sārandadaṃ cetiyaṃ, ramaṇīyaṃ cāpālaṃ cetiyaṃ. Yassa kassaci, ānanda, cattāro iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā, so ākaṅkhamāno kappaṃ vā tiṭṭheyya kappāvasesaṃ vā. Tathāgatassa kho, ānanda, cattāro iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā. Ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, tathāgato kappaṃ vā tiṭṭheyya kappāvasesaṃ vā’’ti.
世尊虽已给出如此明显的暗示,现出如此清晰的征兆,阿难尊者却未能领悟。他没有这样恳请世尊:“尊者,愿世尊住世一劫!愿善逝住世一劫!为大众的利益、为大众的安乐、为悲悯世间、为诸天与人的福祉、利益与安乐。”因为那时他的心已被魔罗所覆蔽。
Evampi kho āyasmā ānando bhagavatā oḷārike nimitte kayiramāne oḷārike obhāse kayiramāne nāsakkhi paṭivijjhituṃ; na bhagavantaṃ yāci – ‘‘tiṭṭhatu, bhante, bhagavā kappaṃ, tiṭṭhatu sugato kappaṃ bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna’’nti yathā taṃ mārena pariyuṭṭhitacitto.
于是,世尊对阿难尊者说:“阿难,现在你可随意离去。”“是的,尊者。”阿难尊者应答世尊后,从座起身,顶礼世尊,右绕作礼,然后在附近一棵树下坐下来。阿难尊者离开不久,恶魔波旬便来到世尊面前,站在一旁对世尊这样说:“尊者,请世尊现在就般涅槃吧!请善逝现在就般涅槃吧!尊者,现在正是世尊般涅槃的时候了。世尊曾这样说过:‘波旬,只要我的比丘弟子们还未成为聪慧、已善训练、自信无畏、多闻持法、依法次法而行、行于正行、随法而行的行者,还没有从我这位老师这里领受教法后,能以它宣说、教导、确立、开显、分析、阐明,当外道的论难兴起时,能以正法善巧地予以降伏,并教导具足神变的法义,我便不会般涅槃。’”
Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘gaccha kho tvaṃ, ānanda, yassa dāni kālaṃ maññasī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā avidūre aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi. Atha kho māro pāpimā, acirapakkante āyasmante ānande, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘parinibbātu dāni, bhante, bhagavā, parinibbātu dāni sugato ! Parinibbānakālo dāni, bhante, bhagavato. Bhāsitā kho panesā, bhante, bhagavatā vācā – ‘na tāvāhaṃ, pāpima , parinibbāyissāmi yāva me bhikkhū na sāvakā bhavissanti viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā sāmīcippaṭipannā anudhammacārino, sakaṃ ācariyakaṃ uggahetvā ācikkhissanti desessanti paññapessanti paṭṭhapessanti vivarissanti vibhajissanti uttānīkarissanti , uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desessantī’’’ti.
尊者,而如今,世尊确实已有这样的比丘弟子——他们聪慧、善调、无畏、博闻、持法,依法次法而行,行于正行,随法而行;他们从您这位老师处领受了教法后,便能宣说、教导、确立、开显、分析、阐明,当外道的论难生起时,能以正法善巧地予以降伏,并宣说具足神变的法。尊者,请世尊现在就般涅槃吧!请善逝现在就般涅槃吧!尊者,现在正是世尊般涅槃的时候了。
Santi kho pana, bhante, etarahi bhikkhū bhagavato sāvakā viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā sāmīcippaṭipannā anudhammacārino, sakaṃ ācariyakaṃ uggahetvā ācikkhanti desenti paññapenti paṭṭhapenti vivaranti vibhajanti uttānīkaronti, uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desenti. Parinibbātu dāni, bhante, bhagavā, parinibbātu dāni, sugato! Parinibbānakālo dāni, bhante, bhagavato.
尊者,世尊曾作是语:‘魔罗,我尚不入般涅槃,若我的在家男弟子、在家女弟子还未成为这样——聪慧明达、善受调练、自信无畏、多闻持法,法随法行、行于正道、随法而行;在承习了各自师教之后,便能宣说、教导、建立、开显、分别、阐明;当外道生起非难时,能以正法善巧加以降伏,并宣说具足神变的法。’
‘‘Bhāsitā kho panesā, bhante, bhagavatā vācā – ‘na tāvāhaṃ, pāpima, parinibbāyissāmi yāva me upāsakā…pe… yāva me upāsikā na sāvikā bhavissanti viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā sāmīcippaṭipannā anudhammacāriniyo, sakaṃ ācariyakaṃ uggahetvā ācikkhissanti desessanti paññapessanti paṭṭhapessanti vivarissanti vibhajissanti uttānīkarissanti, uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desessantī’’’ti.
尊者,如今确有世尊的比丘尼弟子,她们聪慧明达、善受调练、自信无畏、多闻持法,法随法行、行于正道、随法而行;承习各自师教之后,即能宣说、教导、建立、开显、分别、阐明;当外道生起非难时,能以正法善巧降伏,并宣说具足神变的法。尊者,今请世尊入般涅槃!请善逝入般涅槃!尊者,此时正是世尊般涅槃之时。
‘‘Santi kho pana, bhante, etarahi bhikkhuniyo bhagavato sāvikā viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā sāmīcippaṭipannā anudhammacāriniyo, sakaṃ ācariyakaṃ uggahetvā ācikkhanti desenti paññapenti paṭṭhapenti vivaranti vibhajanti uttānīkaronti, uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desenti. Parinibbātu dāni, bhante, bhagavā, parinibbātu dāni, sugato! Parinibbānakālo dāni, bhante, bhagavato.
尊者,世尊往昔曾作此语:‘魔罗,我尚不入般涅槃,除非我这梵行已然成就、兴盛、广布、流布、遍传众人、普为人知,乃至在天神与人类之间被善加宣说。’而如今,尊者,世尊的梵行已然成就、兴盛、广布、流布、遍传众人、普为人知,乃至在天神与人类之间被善加宣说。尊者,今请世尊般涅槃!今请善逝般涅槃!尊者,此刻正是世尊般涅槃之时。
‘‘Bhāsitā kho panesā, bhante, bhagavatā vācā – ‘na tāvāhaṃ, pāpima, parinibbāyissāmi yāva me idaṃ brahmacariyaṃ na iddhañceva bhavissati phītañca vitthāritaṃ bāhujaññaṃ puthubhūtaṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsita’nti. Tayidaṃ, bhante, bhagavato brahmacariyaṃ iddhañceva phītañca vitthāritaṃ bāhujaññaṃ puthubhūtaṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsitaṃ. Parinibbātu dāni, bhante, bhagavā, parinibbātu dāni sugato. Parinibbānakālo dāni, bhante, bhagavato’’ti.
尊者,现今确有世尊的男居士弟子……女居士弟子,她们善巧、有学、自信、多闻、持法,依法次法而行,行于正行,随法而行;掌握了各自的师承后,便宣讲、教导、确立、开演、分析、阐明、揭示法义;当外来的论难生起时,能依法如实给予有力驳斥,并宣说具足神变的法。尊者,现在请世尊般涅槃吧,现在请善逝般涅槃吧!尊者,现在是世尊般涅槃的时候了。
‘‘Santi kho pana, bhante, etarahi upāsakā…pe… upāsikā bhagavato sāvikā viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā sāmīcippaṭipannā anudhammacāriniyo , sakaṃ ācariyakaṃ uggahetvā ācikkhanti desenti paññapenti paṭṭhapenti vivaranti vibhajanti uttānīkaronti, uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desenti. Parinibbātu dāni, bhante, bhagavā, parinibbātu dāni, sugato! Parinibbānakālo dāni, bhante, bhagavato.
尊者,世尊曾作是说:‘波旬,只要我的比丘尼女弟子们尚未成为善巧、有学、自信、多闻、持法、依法次法而行、行于正行、随法而行者,尚未能从我所学的师承中掌握之后而宣讲、教导、宣说、确立、开显、分析、阐明,尚未能在有外道非难生起时,依正法善巧降伏之后,展现具足神变的法,我便不会般涅槃。’
‘‘Bhāsitā kho panesā, bhante, bhagavatā vācā – ‘na tāvāhaṃ, pāpima, parinibbāyissāmi yāva me bhikkhuniyo na sāvikā bhavissanti viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā sāmīcippaṭipannā anudhammacāriniyo, sakaṃ ācariyakaṃ uggahetvā ācikkhissanti desessanti paññapessanti paṭṭhapessanti vivarissanti vibhajissanti uttānīkarissanti, uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desessantī’’’ti.
闻此,世尊对魔王波旬说:‘波旬,你不必担忧。如来的般涅槃不久将至。从现在起,三个月后,如来将般涅槃。’于是,世尊在遮波罗塔庙,正念正知,舍弃寿行。世尊舍弃寿行时,大地剧烈震动,惊怖可畏,令人毛发竖立,天鼓震响。那时,世尊了知此义,而说出此偈:
Evaṃ vutte bhagavā māraṃ pāpimantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘appossukko tvaṃ, pāpima, hohi. Na ciraṃ tathāgatassa parinibbānaṃ bhavissati. Ito tiṇṇaṃ māsānaṃ accayena tathāgato parinibbāyissatī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā cāpāle cetiye sato sampajāno āyusaṅkhāraṃ ossaji. Ossaṭṭhe ca bhagavatā āyusaṅkhāre mahābhūmicālo ahosi bhiṃsanako lomahaṃso, devadundubhiyo ca phaliṃsu. Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
‘‘Tulamatulañca sambhavaṃ, bhavasaṅkhāramavassaji muni;
他内心喜悦,安住于定,击碎了如铠甲般的自我生起。第十经。
Ajjhattarato samāhito, abhindi kavacamivattasambhava’’nti. dasamaṃ;
遮波罗品第一
Cāpālavaggo paṭhamo.
此岸经、失弃经,圣者经、厌离经;
部分经、完全经、比丘经、佛陀经、智经、塔庙经
Apārāpi viraddho ca, ariyā nibbidāpi ca; Padesaṃ samattaṃ bhikkhu, buddhaṃ ñāṇañca cetiyanti.
震动宫殿品
2. Pāsādakampanavaggo
823舍卫城。 “诸比丘,当我尚未觉悟,还是菩萨时,心中生起这样的念头:‘什么是修习神足的道路,什么是修习神足的实践方法呢?’诸比丘,那时我又这样想:‘在此,比丘修习具足欲定勤行的神足——这样,我的欲不会陷于消沉,也不会过于高昂;内心不会向内缩紧,也不会向外散乱。他安住于前后想:前如后,后如前;下如上,上如下;昼如夜,夜如昼。如此,他以开阔、无遮蔽的心,修习充满光明的心。他修习精进定……心定……他修习具足观定勤行的神足——这样,我的观不会陷于消沉,也不会过于高昂;内心不会向内缩紧,也不会向外散乱。他安住于前后想:前如后,后如前;下如上,上如下;昼如夜,夜如昼。如此,他以开阔、无遮蔽的心,修习充满光明的心。’”
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Pubbeva me, bhikkhave, sambodhā anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato etadahosi – ‘ko nu kho maggo, kā paṭipadā iddhipādabhāvanāyā’ti ? Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, etadahosi – ‘idha bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – iti me chando na ca atilīno bhavissati, na ca atippaggahito bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṃ saṃkhitto bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhitto bhavissati. Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati – yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho; yathā divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā. Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti . Vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – iti me vīmaṃsā na ca atilīnā bhavissati, na ca atippaggahitā bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṃ saṃkhittā bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhittā bhavissati. Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati – yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho; yathā divā tathā rattiṃ yathā rattiṃ tathā divā’ – iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti.
他修习具足精进定勤行的神足——这样,我的精进不会陷于消沉,也不会过于高昂;内心不会向内缩紧,也不会向外散乱。他安住于前后想:前如后,后如前;下如上,上如下;昼如夜,夜如昼。如此,他以开阔、无遮蔽的心,修习充满光明的心。
‘‘Vīriyasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – iti me vīriyaṃ na ca atilīnaṃ bhavissati, na ca atippaggahitaṃ bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṃ saṃkhittaṃ bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhittaṃ bhavissati. Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati – yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho; yathā divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā. Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti.
他修习具足心定与勤行成就的神足,这样修习:我的心将不会太松懈,也不会太亢奋;不会向内收缩,也不会向外散乱。他安住于前后想——前面如何,后面便如何;后面如何,前面便如何;下面如何,上面便如何;上面如何,下面便如何;白天如何,夜晚便如何;夜晚如何,白天便如何。如此,他以开阔、无遮蔽的心,修习充满光明的心。
‘‘Cittasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – iti me cittaṃ na ca atilīnaṃ bhavissati, na ca atippaggahitaṃ bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṃ saṃkhittaṃ bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhittaṃ bhavissati. Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati – yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho; yathā divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā. Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti.
他修习具足观察定与精勤行的神足,如此修习:‘我的观察将不会过于松懈,也不会过于亢进;不会向内收缩,也不会向外散乱。’他安住于前后想——前面如何,后面亦然;后面如何,前面亦然;下面如何,上面亦然;上面如何,下面亦然;白日如何,夜晚亦然;夜晚如何,白日亦然。如此,他以开阔无遮的心修习具光明的心。
‘‘Vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – iti me vīmaṃsā na ca atilīnā bhavissati, na ca atippaggahitā bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṃ saṃkhittā bhavissati , na ca bahiddhā vikkhittā bhavissati. Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati – yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho; yathā divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā. Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti.
比丘,当四神足如此修习、如此多修时,他便可体验种种神变:从一身变为多身,从多身变为一身;显现,隐没;穿墙、越壁、透山,毫无障碍,如同在虚空中行走;在地中沉没、涌出,如同在水中;行走于水上而不破水,如同行走于地上;于虚空中结跏趺坐而行,如同具翼之鸟;以手触摸、擦拭如此具大神通、大威力的日月;乃至能以身自在转至梵天界。
‘‘Evaṃ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhu, catūsu iddhipādesu evaṃ bahulīkatesu, anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti; āvibhāvaṃ, tirobhāvaṃ; tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati, seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karoti, seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchati, seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamati, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimasati parimajjati; yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti.
比丘,当四神足如此修习、如此多修时,他便以清净、超越凡夫的天耳,听闻两种声音——天界与人间,无论远近。
‘‘Evaṃ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhu, catūsu iddhipādesu evaṃ bahulīkatesu dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇāti – dibbe ca mānuse ca, dūre santike cāti.
比丘,当四神足这样被修习、这样被充分培育时,他以自心透彻地了知其他众生、其他人的心。有贪的心,他清楚地知道‘这是有贪的心’;离贪的心,他清楚地知道‘这是离贪的心’;有嗔的心,他清楚地知道‘这是有嗔的心’;离嗔的心,他清楚地知道‘这是离嗔的心’;有痴的心,他清楚地知道‘这是有痴的心’;离痴的心,他清楚地知道‘这是离痴的心’;收缩的心,他清楚地知道‘这是收缩的心’;散乱的心,他清楚地知道‘这是散乱的心’;广大心,他清楚地知道‘这是广大心’;不广大心,他清楚地知道‘这不是广大心’;有上心,他清楚地知道‘这是有上心’;无上心,他清楚地知道‘这是无上心’;得定的心,他清楚地知道‘这是得定的心’;未得定的心,他清楚地知道‘这是未得定的心’;解脱的心,他清楚地知道‘这是解脱的心’;未解脱的心,他清楚地知道‘这是未解脱的心’。
‘‘Evaṃ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhu, catūsu iddhipādesu evaṃ bahulīkatesu, parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti. Sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘sarāgaṃ citta’nti pajānāti; vītarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vītarāgaṃ citta’nti pajānāti; sadosaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘sadosaṃ citta’nti pajānāti; vītadosaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vītadosaṃ citta’nti pajānāti; samohaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘samohaṃ citta’nti pajānāti; vītamohaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vītamohaṃ citta’nti pajānāti; saṃkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘saṃkhittaṃ citta’nti pajānāti; vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vikkhittaṃ citta’nti pajānāti; mahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ ‘mahaggataṃ citta’nti pajānāti; amahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ ‘amahaggataṃ citta’nti pajānāti; sauttaraṃ vā cittaṃ ‘sauttaraṃ citta’nti pajānāti; anuttaraṃ vā cittaṃ ‘anuttaraṃ citta’nti pajānāti; samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘samāhitaṃ citta’nti pajānāti; asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘asamāhitaṃ citta’nti pajānāti; vimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vimuttaṃ citta’nti pajānāti; avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘avimuttaṃ citta’nti pajānāti’’.
比丘,四神足如此修习、如此充分培育时,他便能随念种种过去世,即:一生、二生、三生、四生、五生、十生、二十生、三十生、四十生、五十生、百生、千生、百千生,以及无数坏劫、无数成劫、无数成坏劫。他忆念:‘在那里,我曾有这样的名字、这样的族姓、这样的容貌、这样的饮食、这样领受苦乐、这样的寿量。从那里死后,我投生到另一处;在那里,我又有了这样的名字、这样的族姓、这样的容貌、这样的饮食、这样领受苦乐、这样的寿量。从那里死后,我投生到这里。’如此,他带着相貌与细节,随念种种过去世。
‘‘Evaṃ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhu, catūsu iddhipādesu evaṃ bahulīkatesu, anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe – ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
比丘们,当四神足被这样修习、这样反复修习时,他便能以清净、超越凡人的天眼,见到众生死去、投生,了知那些众生是卑下或高贵,容貌美丽或丑陋,投生善趣或恶道。他如实了知众生是依业而流转:‘诸贤者,这些众生具足身恶行、语恶行、意恶行,辱骂圣者,怀有邪见,造作邪见所成之业;他们身坏命终之后,便投生到苦界、恶道、堕落处、地狱。而诸贤者,这些众生具足身善行、语善行、意善行,不辱骂圣者,怀有正见,造作正见所成之业;他们身坏命终之后,便投生到善趣、天界。’如此,他以清净、超越凡人的天眼,见到众生死去、投生,了知那些众生是卑下或高贵,容貌美丽或丑陋,了知他们是依业而投生善趣或恶道。
‘‘Evaṃ bhāvitesu kho bhikkhu, catūsu iddhipādesu evaṃ bahulīkatesu, dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti – ‘ime vata, bhonto, sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā. Ime vā pana, bhonto, sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā’ti. Iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti.
诸比丘,当四神足如此修习、如此多修习之后,他便在现法中以证智亲自证得、具足而住于因漏尽而来的无漏心解脱与慧解脱。
‘‘Evaṃ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhu, catūsu iddhipādesu evaṃ bahulīkatesu, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
2. 大果经
2. Mahapphalasuttaṃ
824诸比丘,这四神足修习、多修习之后,是圣的、导向出离,能令修行者正确地趋于苦灭。哪四种呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘修习欲定勤行具足之神足,修习精进定勤行具足之神足,修习心定勤行具足之神足,修习观定勤行具足之神足。诸比丘,正是这四神足,修习、多修习之后,是圣的、导向出离,能令修行者正确地趋于苦灭。
‘‘Cattārome , bhikkhave, iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā ariyā niyyānikā niyyanti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāya. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā ariyā niyyānikā niyyanti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāyā’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
他修习具足精进定……(中略)……具足心定……(中略)……具足观定与策励成就的神足。他如此思惟:‘我的观既不可过于低沉,也不可过于亢扬;既不可向内收敛,也不可向外散乱。’他安住于‘前后想’:后时如前时,前时如后时;下方如上方,上方如下方;夜间如白昼,白昼如夜间。如此,他以开放、不被缠缚的心,培育那具足光辉的心。诸比丘,四神足如是修习、如是多修习,便会有大果报、大利益。
‘‘Vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ‘iti me vīmaṃsā na ca atilīnā bhavissati, na ca atippaggahitā bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṃ saṃkhittā bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhittā bhavissati’. Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati – yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho; yathā divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā. Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti. Evaṃ bhāvitā kho, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā evaṃ bahulīkatā mahapphalā honti mahānisaṃsā.
“诸比丘,当比丘如此修习、如此多修四神足之后,他便能体验种种神变:一身化为多身,多身合为一身……乃至能以身体自在掌控梵天界。诸比丘,当比丘如此修习、如此多修四神足之后,便由灭尽诸漏,于现法以证智自作证无漏心解脱、慧解脱而安住。”
‘‘Evaṃ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu catūsu iddhipādesu evaṃ bahulīkatesu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti. Evaṃ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu catūsu iddhipādesu evaṃ bahulīkatesu, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
确实,诸比丘,若比丘如此修习、如此多修四神足,他便能亲证种种神变:从一身变为多身,从多身变为一身……乃至能以身体自在掌控远至梵天的世界。确实,诸比丘,若比丘如此修习、如此多修四神足,便由灭尽诸漏,于现法以证智自作证无漏心解脱、慧解脱而安住。 第十经。
‘‘Evaṃ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu catūsu iddhipādesu evaṃ bahulīkatesu, anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti. Evaṃ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu catūsu iddhipādesu evaṃ bahulīkatesu, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
3. 欲定经
3. Chandasamādhisuttaṃ
825诸比丘,若有比丘依于意愿而得定,得心一境性,这便称为“欲定”。为使未生起的邪恶不善法不生起,他激发意愿,策励精进,提振其心,奋力修习;为断除已生起的邪恶不善法,他激发意愿,策励精进,提振其心,奋力修习;为使未生起的善法得以生起,他激发意愿,策励精进,提振其心,奋力修习;为使已生起的善法得以安住、不忘失、增长、广大、修习圆满,他激发意愿,策励精进,提振其心,奋力修习。这些便称为“勤行”。诸比丘,如此,此意愿、此欲定与这些勤行,即名为“具备欲定与勤行成就的神足”。
‘‘Chandaṃ ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu nissāya labhati samādhiṃ, labhati cittassa ekaggataṃ – ayaṃ vuccati chandasamādhi. So anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Ime vuccanti ‘padhānasaṅkhārā’ti. Iti ayañca chando, ayañca chandasamādhi, ime ca padhānasaṅkhārā – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ‘chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgato iddhipādo’’’.
诸比丘,若比丘依精进而得定,得心一境性,这便称为“精进定”。他为了令未生之恶不善法不生……乃至……为令已生之善法安住、不忘失、增长、广大、修习圆满,而发起意愿,努力,策励精进,振作心,奋力修习。这些便称为“勤行”。如此,此精进、此精进定、与这些勤行,诸比丘,即是具精进定与勤行成就之神足。
‘‘Vīriyaṃ ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu nissāya labhati samādhiṃ, labhati cittassa ekaggataṃ – ayaṃ vuccati ‘vīriyasamādhi’. So anuppannānaṃ…pe… uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Ime vuccanti ‘padhānasaṅkhārā’ti. Iti idañca vīriyaṃ, ayañca vīriyasamādhi, ime ca padhānasaṅkhārā – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ‘vīriyasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgato iddhipādo’’’.
诸比丘,若比丘依于心而得定力,得心一境性,这便称为‘心定’。他为遮止未生的邪恶不善法……乃至……为令已生的善法安住、不忘失、增长、广大、修习圆满,而激发意愿、付出努力、策励精进、提振其心、奋力修习。这些称为‘勤行’。如此,此心、此心定与这些勤行,诸比丘,即名为‘具足心定与勤行成就的神足’。
‘‘Cittaṃ ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu nissāya labhati samādhiṃ, labhati cittassa ekaggataṃ – ayaṃ vuccati ‘cittasamādhi’. So anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ…pe… uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Ime vuccanti ‘padhānasaṅkhārā’ti. Iti idañca cittaṃ, ayañca cittasamādhi, ime ca padhānasaṅkhārā – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ‘cittasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgato iddhipādo’’’.
诸比丘,若比丘依于观而得定、得心一境性,这便称为“观定”。他为令未生之恶不善法不生故,生起意愿,付出努力,策励精进,提振其心,奋力修习;……乃至……为令已生之善法安住、不忘、增长、广大、修习圆满故,生起意愿,付出努力,策励精进,提振其心,奋力修习。这些便称为“勤行”。如是,此观、此观定与这些勤行——诸比丘,这就称为“具足观定与勤行成就之神足”。第三品。
‘‘Vīmaṃsaṃ ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu nissāya labhati samādhiṃ, labhati cittassa ekaggataṃ – ayaṃ vuccati ‘vīmaṃsāsamādhi’. So anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati…pe… uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Ime vuccanti ‘padhānasaṅkhārā’ti . Iti ayañca vīmaṃsā, ayañca vīmaṃsāsamādhi, ime ca padhānasaṅkhārā – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ‘vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgato iddhipādo’’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
4. 目犍连经
4. Moggallānasuttaṃ
826如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城东园鹿母讲堂。那时,众多比丘住在鹿母讲堂楼下,他们掉举、骄慢、轻躁、多舌、言语散乱,失念、不正知,心不专注,心意驰散,诸根不护。
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū heṭṭhāmigāramātupāsāde viharanti uddhatā unnaḷā capalā mukharā vikiṇṇavācā muṭṭhassatino asampajānā asamāhitā bhantacittā pākatindriyā.
那时,世尊对尊者大目犍连说:“目犍连,你的这些同梵行者正住在鹿母讲堂楼下,他们掉举、骄慢、轻躁、多舌、言语散乱,失念、不正知,心不专注,心意驰散,诸根不护。去吧,目犍连,令他们心生悚惧。”
Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ete kho, moggallāna, sabrahmacārino heṭṭhāmigāramātupāsāde viharanti uddhatā unnaḷā capalā mukharā vikiṇṇavācā muṭṭhassatino asampajānā asamāhitā bhantacittā pākatindriyā. Gaccha, moggallāna, te bhikkhū saṃvejehī’’ti.
“是的,尊者!”具寿大目犍连回应世尊后,便运起那样的神通变化,以大脚趾将鹿母讲堂震动、剧烈震动、大幅摇动。那时,诸比丘惊怖战栗,汗毛竖立,退站一旁说:“真是稀有,各位!真是不可思议,各位!这座鹿母讲堂本背风而立,地基深固,埋设坚牢,不动不摇,而今竟被震动、剧烈震动、大幅摇动了!”
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno bhagavato paṭissutvā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāresi yathā pādaṅguṭṭhakena migāramātupāsādaṃ saṅkampesi sampakampesi sampacālesi. Atha kho te bhikkhū saṃviggā lomahaṭṭhajātā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu – ‘‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho! Nivātañca vata ayañca migāramātupāsādo gambhīranemo sunikhāto acalo asampakampī, atha ca pana saṅkampito sampakampito sampacālito’’ti!
这时,世尊向那些比丘走去。走近后,世尊对他们说:“诸比丘,你们为何惊怖战栗、汗毛竖立地站在一旁?”他们回答:“真是稀有,尊者!真是不可思议,尊者!这座鹿母讲堂本背风而立,地基深固,埋设坚牢,不动不摇,而今竟被震动、剧烈震动、大幅摇动了!”世尊这样说:“诸比丘,那是目犍连比丘为了使你们生起警觉,以大脚趾将鹿母讲堂震动、剧烈震动、大幅摇动的。诸比丘,你们怎么看?目犍连比丘是因为修习了什么法、多修了什么法,才有这样大的神通力、这样大的威力?”诸比丘回答:“尊者,法以世尊为根本,以世尊为引导,以世尊为皈依。尊者,善哉!愿世尊亲自宣说此义。诸比丘听闻世尊所说后,将谨记在心。”
Atha kho bhagavā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu tumhe, bhikkhave, saṃviggā lomahaṭṭhajātā ekamantaṃ ṭhitā’’ti? ‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ bhante! Nivātañca vata ayañca migāramātupāsādo gambhīranemo sunikhāto acalo asampakampī, atha ca pana saṅkampito sampakampito sampacālito’’ti! ‘‘Tumheva kho, bhikkhave, saṃvejetukāmena moggallānena bhikkhunā pādaṅguṭṭhakena migāramātupāsādo, saṅkampito sampakampito sampacālito. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamesaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā moggallāno bhikkhu evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo’’ti ? ‘‘Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā, bhagavaṃnettikā bhagavaṃpaṭisaraṇā. Sādhu vata, bhante, bhagavantaṃyeva paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho. Bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī’’ti.
“那么,诸比丘,谛听!诸比丘,目犍连比丘正是因为修习四神足、多修四神足,才有这样大的神通力、这样大的威力。是哪四种呢?诸比丘,于此,目犍连比丘修习具足欲定与勤行成就的神足,修习具足精进定……具足心定……修习具足观定与勤行成就的神足——‘这样,我的观不会过于懈怠,也不会过于亢奋;不会向内收缩,也不会向外散乱’。他安住于前后想:前如后,后如前;上如下,下如上;昼如夜,夜如昼。这样,他以敞开、无覆蔽的心,修习光明遍照的心。诸比丘,目犍连比丘正是因为修习这四神足、多修这四神足,才有这样大的神通力、这样大的威力。而且,诸比丘,目犍连比丘正是因为修习这四神足、多修这四神足,能体证种种神变……乃至以身自在行于梵天世界……而且,诸比丘,目犍连比丘正是因为修习这四神足、多修这四神足,通过灭尽诸漏,于现法中以自己的胜智证悟并安住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。”第四。
‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, suṇātha. Catunnaṃ kho, bhikkhave, iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā moggallāno bhikkhu evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo. Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, moggallāno bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ‘iti me vīmaṃsā na ca atilīnā bhavissati, na ca atippaggahitā bhavissati; na ca ajjhattaṃ saṃkhittā bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhittā bhavissati’. Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati – yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho; yathā divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā. Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti. Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā moggallāno bhikkhu evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo. Imesañca pana, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā moggallāno bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti…pe… imesañca pana, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā moggallāno bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
5. 温那跋婆罗门经
5. Uṇṇābhabrāhmaṇasuttaṃ
827如是我闻:一时,具寿阿难住在憍赏弥的瞿师罗园。那时,温那跋婆罗门来到具寿阿难处,彼此问候。互致欢喜、令人感念的交谈之后,他坐在一旁。坐于一旁的温那跋婆罗门对具寿阿难说:“阿难尊者,在沙门乔达摩座下修习梵行,是为了什么?”“婆罗门,是为了断除欲望。”
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ānando kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Atha kho uṇṇābho brāhmaṇo yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā ānandena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho uṇṇābho brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kimatthiyaṃ nu kho, bho ānanda, samaṇe gotame brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’’ti? ‘‘Chandappahānatthaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’’ti.
“那么,阿难尊者,可有道路、有方法,能断除此欲望吗?”“婆罗门,确有道路、有方法,能断除此欲望。”
‘‘Atthi pana, bho ānanda, maggo atthi paṭipadā etassa chandassa pahānāyā’’ti? ‘‘Atthi kho, brāhmaṇa, maggo atthi paṭipadā etassa chandassa pahānāyā’’ti.
“婆罗门,在此,比丘修习具足欲定勤行成就的神足,修习精进定……心定……观定勤行成就的神足。婆罗门,这便是为断除这一欲望的道路与修行。”
‘‘Katamo pana, bho ānanda, maggo katamā paṭipadā etassa chandassa pahānāyā’’ti? ‘‘Idha, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ayaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, maggo ayaṃ paṭipadā etassa chandassa pahānāyā’’ti.
“如此,阿难尊者,那就成了有变成无,而并非无变成有。用欲望来断除欲望——这全无道理。”“那么,婆罗门,我且就此事反问你,你按能接受的方式回答就好。婆罗门,你意如何?你先前可曾生起过‘我要去园林’的欲望?当你到了园林之后,那个相应的欲望便止息了吗?”“是的,尊者。”“你先前可曾生起过‘我要去园林’的精进?到了园林后,那个相应的精进便止息了吗?”“是的,尊者。”“你先前可曾生起过‘我要去园林’的心?到了园林后,那个相应的心便止息了吗?”“是的,尊者。”“你先前可曾生起过‘我要去园林’的观?到了园林后,那个相应的观便止息了吗?”“是的,尊者。”
‘‘Evaṃ sante, bho ānanda, santakaṃ hoti no asantakaṃ. Chandeneva chandaṃ pajahissatīti – netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati’’. ‘‘Tena hi, brāhmaṇa, taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi. Yathā te khameyya tathā taṃ byākareyyāsi. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, brāhmaṇa, ahosi te pubbe chando ‘ārāmaṃ gamissāmī’ti? Tassa te ārāmagatassa yo tajjo chando so paṭippassaddho’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ , bho’’. ‘‘Ahosi te pubbe vīriyaṃ ‘ārāmaṃ gamissāmī’ti? Tassa te ārāmagatassa yaṃ tajjaṃ vīriyaṃ taṃ paṭippassaddha’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’. ‘‘Ahosi te pubbe cittaṃ ‘ārāmaṃ gamissāmī’ti? Tassa te ārāmagatassa yaṃ tajjaṃ cittaṃ taṃ paṭippassaddha’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’. ‘‘Ahosi te pubbe vīmaṃsā ‘ārāmaṃ gamissāmī’ti? Tassa te ārāmagatassa yā tajjā vīmaṃsā sā paṭippassaddhā’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’.
“同样地,婆罗门,那位比丘已是阿拉汉、漏尽者,梵行已立,所作已办,卸下了重担,达成了目标,彻底断尽了有结,以正智善巧解脱。他先前为证得阿拉汉位的欲望,在证得阿拉汉时,那个相应的欲望便止息了;先前为证得阿拉汉的精进,证得后,那个相应的精进便止息了;先前为证得阿拉汉的心,证得后,那个相应的心便止息了;先前为证得阿拉汉的观,证得后,那个相应的观便止息了。婆罗门,你意如何?在此情形下,这是有变成无,而并非无变成有吗?”
‘‘Evameva kho, brāhmaṇa, yo so bhikkhu arahaṃ khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano sammadaññā vimutto, tassa yo pubbe chando ahosi arahattappattiyā, arahattappatte yo tajjo chando so paṭippassaddho; yaṃ pubbe vīriyaṃ ahosi arahattappattiyā, arahattappatte yaṃ tajjaṃ vīriyaṃ taṃ paṭippassaddhaṃ; yaṃ pubbe cittaṃ ahosi arahattappattiyā, arahattappatte yaṃ tajjaṃ cittaṃ taṃ paṭippassaddhaṃ; yā pubbe vīmaṃsā ahosi arahattappattiyā, arahattappatte yā tajjā vīmaṃsā sā paṭippassaddhā. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, brāhmaṇa, iti evaṃ sante, santakaṃ vā hoti no asantakaṃ vā’’ti?
确然,阿难尊者,既然如此,此道是有限的,非无限。真是殊胜啊,阿难尊者!真是殊胜啊,阿难尊者!就好比有人将倒下的扶起,将隐蔽的揭开,为迷路者指明道路,在黑暗中举起油灯,让有眼者得以看见诸色。同样地,阿难尊师以种种方式阐明了法。阿难尊者,我从今日起皈依世尊乔达摩、法与比丘僧团,祈请阿难尊师接纳我为近事男,从今往后终生皈依。”第五经。
‘‘Addhā, bho ānanda, evaṃ sante, santakaṃ hoti no asantakaṃ. Abhikkantaṃ, bho ānanda, abhikkantaṃ, bho ānanda! Seyyathāpi, bho ānanda, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti; evamevaṃ bhotā ānandena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bho ānanda, taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ ānando dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Pañcamaṃ.
6. 第一沙门婆罗门经
6. Paṭhamasamaṇabrāhmaṇasuttaṃ
828诸比丘,过去世中,任何沙门或婆罗门成就神足,皆依于修习、多修四神足。诸比丘,未来世中,任何沙门或婆罗门将成就神足,皆依于修习、多修四神足。诸比丘,现在世中,任何沙门或婆罗门成就神足,亦皆依于修习、多修四神足。
‘‘Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, atītamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā iddhipadesaṃ abhinipphādesuṃ sabbe te catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā. Ye hi keci , bhikkhave, anāgatamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā iddhipadesaṃ abhinipphādessanti sabbe te catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, etarahi samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā iddhipadesaṃ abhinipphādenti sabbe te catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā.
是哪四种呢?诸比丘,于此,比丘修习具足欲定勤行成就的神足,修习具足精进定……心定……观定勤行成就的神足。诸比丘,过去世中,凡有大神通、大威力的沙门或婆罗门,皆因修习、多修此四神足。未来世中,凡有大神通、大威力的沙门或婆罗门,亦皆因修习、多修此四神足。现在世中,凡有大神通、大威力的沙门或婆罗门,亦皆因修习、多修此四神足。第六经。
‘‘Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Idha , bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, atītamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā mahiddhikā ahesuṃ mahānubhāvā, sabbe te imesaṃyeva catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, anāgatamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā mahiddhikā bhavissanti mahānubhāvā, sabbe te imesaṃyeva catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, etarahi samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā mahiddhikā mahānubhāvā, sabbe te imesaṃyeva catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
第七 第二沙门婆罗门经
7. Dutiyasamaṇabrāhmaṇasuttaṃ
829诸比丘,过去世中,凡有大神通、大威力的沙门或婆罗门,皆因已修习、多修四神足。未来世中,凡有大神通、大威力的沙门或婆罗门,亦皆因已修习、多修四神足。现在世中,凡有大神通、大威力的沙门或婆罗门,亦皆因已修习、多修四神足。
‘‘Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, atītamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā mahiddhikā ahesuṃ mahānubhāvā, sabbe te catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, anāgatamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā mahiddhikā bhavissanti mahānubhāvā, sabbe te catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, etarahi samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā mahiddhikā mahānubhāvā, sabbe te catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā.
诸比丘,未来世若有任何沙门或婆罗门,能亲证种种神通变化——以一身变多身,以多身合为一身;或显或隐;穿越墙壁、城垣、山岳无有滞碍,如行虚空;于大地中出没,犹如水中;行于水面而不破水,如履平地;于虚空中结跏趺而行,如鸟飞翔;以手触摸、擦拭如此具大威力、大神通的日月;乃至以身体自在往至梵天界——他们全都是因为已修习、反复修习了四神足。
‘‘Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, anāgatamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhossanti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā bhavissanti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko bhavissanti; āvibhāvaṃ, tirobhāvaṃ; tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamānā gamissanti , seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karissanti, seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gamissanti, seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamissanti, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimasissanti parimajjissanti; yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattissanti, sabbe te catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā.
诸比丘,现在若有任何沙门或婆罗门,正亲证种种神通变化——以一身变多身,以多身合为一身;或显或隐;穿越墙壁、城垣、山岳无有滞碍,如行虚空;于大地中出没,犹如水中;行于水面而不破水,如履平地;于虚空中结跏趺而行,如鸟飞翔;以手触摸、擦拭如此具大威力、大神通的日月;乃至以身体自在往至梵天界——他们全都是因为已修习、反复修习了四神足。
‘‘Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, etarahi samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhonti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā honti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko honti; āvibhāvaṃ, tirobhāvaṃ; tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamānā gacchanti, seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karonti, seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchanti, seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamanti, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimasanti parimajjanti; yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattenti, sabbe te catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattāti.
是哪四种呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘修习具足欲定勤行成就之神足,修习具足精进定……心定……观定勤行成就之神足。诸比丘,无论过去世中有哪些比丘,通过灭尽诸漏,于现法中以证智亲自作证、进入并安住于无漏的心解脱与慧解脱,他们全都是因为修习并反复修习了这四种神足的缘故。诸比丘,无论未来世中有哪些比丘,将通过灭尽诸漏,于现法中以证智亲自作证、进入并安住于无漏的心解脱与慧解脱,他们也将是因为修习并反复修习了这四种神足的缘故。诸比丘,无论现在有哪些比丘,通过灭尽诸漏,于现法中以证智亲自作证、进入并安住于无漏的心解脱与慧解脱,他们全都是因为修习并反复修习了这四种神足的缘故。第七经。
‘‘Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, atītamaddhānaṃ bhikkhū āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihariṃsu sabbe te imesaṃyeva catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, anāgatamaddhānaṃ bhikkhū āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissanti, sabbe te imesaṃyeva catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, etarahi bhikkhū āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharanti, sabbe te imesaṃyeva catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
诸比丘,未来世的任何沙门或婆罗门,若将亲证种种神通变化——一身现多身……乃至以身自在游于梵天界——所有这一切,皆因修习、多修此四神足。
‘‘Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, anāgatamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhossanti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā bhavissanti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattissanti, sabbe te imesaṃyeva catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā.
诸比丘,现在世的任何沙门或婆罗门,正亲证种种神通变化——一身现多身……乃至以身自在游于梵天界——所有这一切,皆因修习、多修此四神足。第七经。
‘‘Ye hi keci bhikkhave etarahi samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhonti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā honti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattenti, sabbe te imesaṃyeva catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
第八 比丘经
8. Bhikkhusuttaṃ
830诸比丘,正是由于修习与多修习这四神足,比丘得以通过灭尽诸漏,于现法中,以证智亲自体证、安住于无漏的心解脱与慧解脱。
‘‘Catunnaṃ, bhikkhave, iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati.
哪四种呢?诸比丘,在此,一位比丘修习具足欲定与勤行成就的神足,修习具足精进定……具足心定……修习具足观定与勤行成就的神足。诸比丘,过去世的任何沙门或婆罗门,若要亲身证得种种神通变化——从一人变为多人……乃至以身体自在行至梵天界——他们全都是因为修习与多修习了这四神足。
‘‘Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, atītamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhosuṃ – ekopi hutvā bahudhā ahesuṃ…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattesuṃ, sabbe te imesaṃyeva catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā.
9. 神通等教说经
9. Iddhādidesanāsuttaṃ
831诸比丘,我将为你们开示神通、神足、神足的修习,以及导向神足修习的道路。你们谛听。
‘‘Iddhiṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi iddhipādañca iddhipādabhāvanañca iddhipādabhāvanāgāminiñca paṭipadaṃ. Taṃ suṇātha.
诸比丘,什么是神通?在此,比丘能体验种种神通变化:或一身变作多身,或多身合为一身……乃至能以身体自在游化至梵天界。诸比丘,这就叫做神通。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, iddhi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, iddhi.
诸比丘,什么是神足?凡是能带来神通获得、神通证得的道与行道,诸比丘,这就叫做神足。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, iddhipādo? Yo so, bhikkhave, maggo yā paṭipadā iddhilābhāya iddhipaṭilābhāya saṃvattati – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, iddhipādo.
诸比丘,什么是神足的修习呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘修习具足欲定勤行成就的神足,修习具足精进定勤行成就的神足,修习具足心定勤行成就的神足,修习具足观定勤行成就的神足。诸比丘,这便称为神足的修习。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, iddhipādabhāvanā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi …pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, iddhipādabhāvanā.
那么,诸比丘,什么是通往神足修习的道路呢?即此圣八支道,也就是:正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。诸比丘,这便称为通往神足修习的道路。第九。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, iddhipādabhāvanāgāminī paṭipadā? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammāājīvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati, sammāsamādhi – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, iddhipādabhāvanāgāminī paṭipadā’’ti. Navamaṃ.
第十 分别经
10. Vibhaṅgasuttaṃ
832比丘们,这四神足若修习、多修习,则会导向彻底的厌离、离欲、灭尽、寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃。哪四个呢?比丘们,在此,比丘修习具备欲定勤行成就的神足,修习具备精进定勤行成就的神足,修习具备心定勤行成就的神足,修习具备观定勤行成就的神足。比丘们,正是这四神足,若修习、多修习,便能导向彻底的厌离、离欲、灭尽、寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃。
‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattanti. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
那么,比丘们,四神足应如何修习、如何多修习,才能有大果报、大利益呢?比丘们,在此,比丘修习具备欲定勤行成就的神足,他思惟:‘我的欲不过于懈怠,不过于亢奋,不向内萎缩,不向外散乱。’他安住于前后想:‘如在前,也在后;如在后,也在前。如在下方,也在上方;如在上方,也在下方。如在白天,也在夜晚;如在夜晚,也在白天。’这样,他以开放、不被缠缚的心,修习那光明通达的心。他修习具备精进定勤行成就的神足……中略……修习具备心定勤行成就的神足……中略……修习具备观定勤行成就的神足,他思惟:‘我的观不过于懈怠,不过于亢奋,不向内萎缩,不向外散乱。’他安住于前后想:‘如在前,也在后;如在后,也在前。如在下方,也在上方;如在上方,也在下方。如在白天,也在夜晚;如在夜晚,也在白天。’这样,他以开放、不被缠缚的心,修习那光明通达的心。
‘‘Kathaṃ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā kathaṃ bahulīkatā mahapphalā honti mahānisaṃsā? Idha, bhikkhave , bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ‘iti me chando na ca atilīno bhavissati, na ca atippaggahito bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṃ saṃkhitto bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhitto bhavissati’. Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati – ‘yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho; yathā divā tathā rattiṃ yathā rattiṃ tathā divā’. Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti. Vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ‘iti me vīmaṃsā na ca atilīnā bhavissati, na ca atippaggahitā bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṃ saṃkhittā bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhittā bhavissati’. Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati – ‘yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho; yathā divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā’. Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti.
那么,比丘们,什么是过于懈怠的欲呢?比丘们,那种与懈怠相伴、与懈怠相应的欲,这就称为过于懈怠的欲。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, atilīno chando? Yo, bhikkhave, chando kosajjasahagato kosajjasampayutto – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, atilīno chando.
那么,诸比丘,什么是过度亢奋的欲?诸比丘,那种与掉举俱行、与掉举相应的欲——诸比丘,这便称为过度亢奋的欲。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, atippaggahito chando? Yo, bhikkhave, chando uddhaccasahagato uddhaccasampayutto – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, atippaggahito chando.
那么,诸比丘,什么是向内萎缩的欲?诸比丘,那种与昏沉睡眠俱行、与昏沉睡眠相应的欲——诸比丘,这便称为向内萎缩的欲。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṃ saṃkhitto chando? Yo, bhikkhave, chando thinamiddhasahagato thinamiddhasampayutto – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṃ saṃkhitto chando.
那么,诸比丘,什么是向外散乱的欲?诸比丘,依于外部的五种欲功德,心向外散乱、向外扩散——诸比丘,这便称为向外散乱的欲。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhitto chando? Yo, bhikkhave, chando bahiddhā pañca kāmaguṇe ārabbha anuvikkhitto anuvisaṭo – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhitto chando.
诸比丘,比丘如何安住于‘后如前、前如后’的想呢?诸比丘,于此,比丘对‘后如前、前如后’之想已善加领会、善加作意、善加掌握、善以智慧洞察。诸比丘,比丘便这样安住于‘后如前、前如后’的想——正如前面那样,后面也那样;正如后面那样,前面也那样。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati – yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure? Idha , bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pacchāpuresaññā suggahitā hoti sumanasikatā sūpadhāritā suppaṭividdhā paññāya. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati – yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure.
诸比丘,比丘如何安住于‘下如上,上如下’呢?诸比丘,于此,比丘观察这个身体,从脚底向上、从头顶向下,以皮肤为边界,充满种种不净:‘此身中有发、毛、爪、齿、皮、肉、筋、骨、髓、肾、心、肝、肋膜、脾、肺、肠、肠间膜、胃中物、粪、胆汁、痰、脓、血、汗、脂肪、泪、膏、唾、涕、关节滑液、尿。’诸比丘,比丘便这样安住于‘下如上,上如下’。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho viharati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ uddhaṃ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā tacapariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati – ‘atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṃsaṃ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vakkaṃ hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsaṃ antaṃ antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā mutta’nti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho viharati.
诸比丘,比丘如何安住,而能“如昼如夜,如夜如昼”?诸比丘,在此,比丘于日间以何种行相、何种特相、何种相状修习具足欲定勤行的神足,便于夜间以相同的行相、相同的特相、相同的相状修习具足欲定勤行的神足;或者,他于夜间以何种行相、何种特相、何种相状修习具足欲定勤行的神足,便于日间以相同的行相、相同的特相、相同的相状修习具足欲定勤行的神足。诸比丘,比丘正是这样安住于“如昼如夜,如夜如昼”。
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathā divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā viharati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yehi ākārehi yehi liṅgehi yehi nimittehi divā chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, so tehi ākārehi tehi liṅgehi tehi nimittehi rattiṃ chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti; yehi vā pana ākārehi yehi liṅgehi yehi nimittehi rattiṃ chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, so tehi ākārehi tehi liṅgehi tehi nimittehi divā chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathā divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā viharati.
诸比丘,比丘如何以敞开心怀、无所覆藏,修习充满光明的心?诸比丘,于此,比丘对光明想与昼想善加把握、善加安立。诸比丘,比丘正是这样以敞开心怀、无所覆藏,修习充满光明的心。
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno ālokasaññā suggahitā hoti divāsaññā svādhiṭṭhitā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti.
诸比丘,什么是过于懈怠的精进?诸比丘,那种伴随懈怠、与懈怠相应的精进——这便称为过于懈怠的精进。
‘‘Katamañca , bhikkhave, atilīnaṃ vīriyaṃ? Yaṃ, bhikkhave, vīriyaṃ kosajjasahagataṃ kosajjasampayuttaṃ – idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, atilīnaṃ vīriyaṃ.
诸比丘,什么是过度策励的精进?诸比丘,那种伴随掉举、与掉举相应的精进——这便称为过度策励的精进。
‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, atippaggahitaṃ vīriyaṃ? Yaṃ, bhikkhave, vīriyaṃ uddhaccasahagataṃ uddhaccasampayuttaṃ – idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, atippaggahitaṃ vīriyaṃ.
诸比丘,什么是内在萎缩的精进呢?诸比丘,那种伴随昏沉睡眠、与昏沉睡眠相应的精进,即名为内在萎缩的精进。
‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṃ saṃkhittaṃ vīriyaṃ? Yaṃ, bhikkhave, vīriyaṃ thinamiddhasahagataṃ thinamiddhasampayuttaṃ – idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṃ saṃkhittaṃ vīriyaṃ.
诸比丘,什么是向外散乱的精进呢?诸比丘,那种向外缘取五种欲功德而追逐、流散的精进,即名为向外散乱的精进……(略)。
‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhittaṃ vīriyaṃ? Yaṃ, bhikkhave, vīriyaṃ bahiddhā pañca kāmaguṇe ārabbha anuvikkhittaṃ anuvisaṭaṃ – idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhittaṃ vīriyaṃ…pe….
诸比丘,比丘如何以敞开、无覆藏的心修习有光辉的心呢?在此,诸比丘,比丘善巧受持光明想,善加安立白昼想。诸比丘,比丘正是以这样的敞开、无覆藏之心,修习有光辉的心。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno ālokasaññā suggahitā hoti divāsaññā svādhiṭṭhitā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti.
诸比丘,什么是过于松懈的心呢?诸比丘,若心与懈怠俱行、与懈怠相应者——诸比丘,是即名为过于松懈的心。
‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, atilīnaṃ cittaṃ? Yaṃ, bhikkhave, cittaṃ kosajjasahagataṃ kosajjasampayuttaṃ – idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, atilīnaṃ cittaṃ.
诸比丘,什么是过于策励的心呢?诸比丘,若心与躁动俱行、与躁动相应者——诸比丘,是即名为过于策励的心。
‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, atippaggahitaṃ cittaṃ? Yaṃ, bhikkhave, cittaṃ uddhaccasahagataṃ uddhaccasampayuttaṃ – idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, atippaggahitaṃ cittaṃ.
诸比丘,什么是内心萎缩的心呢?诸比丘,若心与昏沉睡眠俱行、与昏沉睡眠相应者——诸比丘,是即名为内心萎缩的心。
‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṃ saṃkhittaṃ cittaṃ? Yaṃ, bhikkhave, cittaṃ thinamiddhasahagataṃ thinamiddhasampayuttaṃ – idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṃ saṃkhittaṃ cittaṃ.
诸比丘,什么是向外散乱的心?诸比丘,当心向外驰逐于五种欲乐,四处飘荡、流逸分散——诸比丘,这就称为向外散乱的心。……诸比丘,比丘正是这样以敞开无缠的心,修习那光明的心。
‘‘Katamañca , bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhittaṃ cittaṃ? Yaṃ, bhikkhave, cittaṃ bahiddhā pañca kāmaguṇe ārabbha anuvikkhittaṃ anuvisaṭaṃ – idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhittaṃ cittaṃ…pe… evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti.
诸比丘,什么是过于消沉的观?诸比丘,那种伴随懈怠、与懈怠相应的观——诸比丘,这就称为过于消沉的观。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, atilīnā vīmaṃsā? Yā, bhikkhave, vīmaṃsā kosajjasahagatā kosajjasampayuttā – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, atilīnā vīmaṃsā.
诸比丘,什么是过于紧绷的观?诸比丘,那种伴随掉举、与掉举相应的观——诸比丘,这就称为过于紧绷的观。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, atippaggahitā vīmaṃsā? Yā, bhikkhave, vīmaṃsā uddhaccasahagatā uddhaccasampayuttā – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, atippaggahitā vīmaṃsā.
诸比丘,什么是内心萎缩的观?诸比丘,那种伴随昏沉睡眠、与昏沉睡眠相应的观——诸比丘,这就叫做内心萎缩的观。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṃ saṃkhittā vīmaṃsā? Yā, bhikkhave, vīmaṃsā thinamiddhasahagatā thinamiddhasampayuttā – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṃ saṃkhittā vīmaṃsā.
诸比丘,什么是向外散乱的观?诸比丘,那种于五种感官欲乐上向外飘散、分散流逸的观——诸比丘,这就叫做向外散乱的观……诸比丘,正是如此,比丘以敞开的心、无缠裹的心修习那发光的心。诸比丘,如此修习、如此大量修习的四神足,便有大果报、大利益。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhittā vīmaṃsā? Yā, bhikkhave, vīmaṃsā bahiddhā pañca kāmaguṇe ārabbha anuvikkhittā anuvisaṭā – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhittā vīmaṃsā…pe… evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti. Evaṃ bhāvitā kho, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā evaṃ bahulīkatā mahapphalā honti mahānisaṃsā.
诸比丘,当一位比丘如此修习、如此大量修习四神足时,便能由灭尽诸漏,于现法中亲自证知、现证无漏的心解脱与慧解脱,安住其中。第二经。
‘‘Evaṃ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu catūsu iddhipādesu evaṃ bahulīkatesu, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
宫殿震动品第二
Pāsādakampanavaggo dutiyo.
前、大果、欲,目犍连及温那跋;
两部沙门婆罗门与比丘,开示及分别。
Pubbaṃ mahapphalaṃ chandaṃ, moggallānañca uṇṇābhaṃ; Dve samaṇabrāhmaṇā bhikkhu, desanā vibhaṅgena cāti.
3. 铁丸品
3. Ayoguḷavaggo
3. 铁丸品
3. Ayoguḷavaggo
第一 道经
1. Maggasuttaṃ
833缘起舍卫城。诸比丘,当我尚未觉悟,还是菩萨时,心中曾起此念:‘修习神足的因是什么?缘是什么?’诸比丘,那时我这样思惟:‘比丘修习欲定勤行成就之神足,他心想:“我的意欲不过于缓懈,也不过于强紧;心不内缩,也不外散。”他安住于前后想:“前面如何,后面也如何;后面如何,前面也如何;下面如何,上面也如何;上面如何,下面也如何;如同白昼,夜晚也如此;如同夜晚,白昼也如此。”如此,他以开阔无遮蔽的心,修习充满光辉的心。’
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Pubbeva me, bhikkhave, sambodhā anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato etadahosi – ‘ko nu kho hetu, ko paccayo iddhipādabhāvanāyā’ti? Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, etadahosi – ‘idha bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – iti me chando na ca atilīno bhavissati, na ca atippaggahito bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṃ saṃkhitto bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhitto bhavissati. Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati – yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho; yathā divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā. Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti’’’.
诸比丘,当比丘如此修习、如此多修四神足后,便能体验种种神通变化:以一化多……乃至以身自在,游行梵天界……。
‘‘Evaṃ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu catūsu iddhipādesu evaṃ bahulīkatesu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti…pe….
六种证智也应如此详细展开。
(Chapi abhiññāyo vitthāretabbā).
2. 铁丸经
2. Ayoguḷasuttaṃ
834如是我闻:一时,世尊在舍卫城。那时,具寿阿难来到世尊面前,向世尊礼敬后,坐在一旁。坐定后,具寿阿难对世尊说:“尊者,世尊是否亲自觉知,曾以神通力、意生身去过梵天界?”“阿难,我确实亲自觉知,曾以神通力、意生身去过梵天界。”“那么尊者,世尊是否亲自觉知,曾以神通力、以此四大所成之身去过梵天界呢?”“阿难,我确实亲自觉知,曾以神通力、以此四大所成之身去过梵天界。”
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhijānāti nu kho, bhante, bhagavā iddhiyā manomayena kāyena brahmalokaṃ upasaṅkamitā’’ti? ‘‘Abhijānāmi khvāhaṃ, ānanda, iddhiyā manomayena kāyena brahmalokaṃ upasaṅkamitā’’ti. ‘‘Abhijānāti pana, bhante, bhagavā iminā cātumahābhūtikena kāyena iddhiyā brahmalokaṃ upasaṅkamitā’’ti ? ‘‘Abhijānāmi khvāhaṃ, ānanda, iminā cātumahābhūtikena kāyena iddhiyā brahmalokaṃ upasaṅkamitā’’ti.
“尊者!世尊能以神通用意生身往梵天界,又能自记曾以神通用此四大所成之身往梵天界。尊者,这对世尊而言,真是稀有、真是奇妙啊!”“阿难,如来是稀有的,具足稀有法;阿难,如来是奇妙的,具足奇妙法。”
‘‘Yañca kho, omāti, bhante, bhagavā iddhiyā manomayena kāyena brahmalokaṃ upasaṅkamituṃ, yañca kho abhijānāti, bhante, bhagavā iminā cātumahābhūtikena kāyena iddhiyā brahmalokaṃ upasaṅkamitā , tayidaṃ, bhante, bhagavato acchariyañceva abbhutañcā’’ti. ‘‘Acchariyā ceva, ānanda, tathāgatā acchariyadhammasamannāgatā ca, abbhutā ceva, ānanda, tathāgatā abbhutadhammasamannāgatā ca’’.
“阿难,每当如来将身融入心、将心融入身,安住于将乐想与轻安想浸入身中时,阿难,那时如来的身体便更轻盈、更柔软、更堪任、更明亮。”
‘‘Yasmiṃ, ānanda, samaye tathāgato kāyampi citte samodahati cittampi kāye samodahati, sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca kāye okkamitvā viharati; tasmiṃ, ānanda, samaye tathāgatassa kāyo lahutaro ceva hoti mudutaro ca kammaniyataro ca pabhassarataro ca.
“阿难,犹如一个被整日烧红的铁球,变得更轻盈、更柔软、更堪任、更明亮。同样地,阿难,每当如来将身融入心、将心融入身,安住于将乐想与轻安想浸入身中时,如来的身体便更轻盈、更柔软、更堪任、更明亮。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, ānanda, ayoguḷo divasaṃ santatto lahutaro ceva hoti mudutaro ca kammaniyataro ca pabhassarataro ca; evameva kho, ānanda, yasmiṃ samaye tathāgato kāyampi citte samodahati, cittampi kāye samodahati, sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca kāye okkamitvā viharati; tasmiṃ, ānanda, samaye tathāgatassa kāyo lahutaro ceva hoti mudutaro ca kammaniyataro ca pabhassarataro ca.
阿难,有时如来将身融入心、将心融入身,以乐想与轻安想浸润全身而安住,那时如来的身体即能不费力气地从地面升入虚空,并现起种种神通:一身化为多身、多身合为一身……乃至能以身在梵天界中自在运作。
‘‘Yasmiṃ, ānanda, samaye tathāgato kāyampi citte samodahati, cittampi kāye samodahati, sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca kāye okkamitvā viharati; tasmiṃ, ānanda, samaye tathāgatassa kāyo appakasireneva pathaviyā vehāsaṃ abbhuggacchati, so anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti.
阿难,犹如一团轻飘飘的棉绒或木棉絮,被风一吹,不费力气地从地面升向空中;同样地,阿难,有时如来将身融入心、将心融入身,以乐想与轻安想浸润全身而安住,那时如来的身体即能不费力气地从地面升入虚空,并现起种种神通:一身化为多身、多身合为一身……乃至能以身在梵天界中自在运作。
‘‘Seyyathāpi , ānanda, tūlapicu vā kappāsapicu vā lahuko vātūpādāno appakasireneva pathaviyā vehāsaṃ abbhuggacchati; evameva kho, ānanda, yasmiṃ samaye tathāgato kāyampi citte samodahati, cittampi kāye samodahati, sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca kāye okkamitvā viharati; tasmiṃ, ānanda, samaye tathāgatassa kāyo appakasireneva pathaviyā vehāsaṃ abbhuggacchati, so anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattetī’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
3. 比丘经
3. Bhikkhusuttaṃ
835诸比丘,有四种神足。哪四种呢?诸比丘,于此,比丘修习具足勤行成就的欲定神足,修习精进定……心定……修习具足勤行成就的观定神足——诸比丘,这便是四种神足。诸比丘,正是由于这四种神足已修习、已多修习,比丘便能于当下,以胜智亲证无漏的心解脱和慧解脱,安住其中。第三段。
‘‘Cattārome , bhikkhave, iddhipādā. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi …pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā. Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
4. 纯一经
4. Suddhikasuttaṃ
836诸比丘,有四种神足。哪四种呢?诸比丘,于此,比丘修习具足勤行成就的欲定神足,修习精进定……心定……修习具足勤行成就的观定神足——诸比丘,这便是四种神足。第四段。
‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, iddhipādā. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
5. 第一果经
5. Paṭhamaphalasuttaṃ
837诸比丘,有这四种神足。哪四种呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘修习具足欲定勤行之神足,修习具足精进定勤行之神足……修习具足心定勤行之神足……修习具足观定勤行之神足。诸比丘,这便是四种神足。诸比丘,正是由于这四种神足的修习、多修习,这位比丘可期两种果位之一:或于现法证得究竟智,或尚有余依,则为不还者。
‘‘Cattārome , bhikkhave, iddhipādā. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi …pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā. Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā bhikkhunā dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ – diṭṭheva dhamme aññā, sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
6. 第二果经
6. Dutiyaphalasuttaṃ
838诸比丘,有这四种神足。哪四种呢?诸比丘,于此,一位比丘修习具足欲定与勤行之神足,修习具足精进定……具足心定……修习具足观定与勤行之神足。诸比丘,这就是四种神足。诸比丘,正是由于这四种神足的已修习、已多修习,便可期七种果、七种利益。
‘‘Cattārome , bhikkhave, iddhipādā. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi …pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā. Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā satta phalā sattānisaṃsā pāṭikaṅkhā.
什么是七种果、七种利益呢?有人于现世即提前证得阿拉汉果;若不能于现世提前证得阿拉汉果,则于命终时证得阿拉汉果;若不能于现世提前证得阿拉汉果,也不能于命终时证得阿拉汉果,那么,由于彻底断除五下分结,他成为中般涅槃者、生般涅槃者、无行般涅槃者、有行般涅槃者,或成为上流、往生色究竟天者。诸比丘,有了这四种神足的已修习、已多修习,便可期望这七种果、七种利益。
‘‘Katame satta phalā sattānisaṃsā? Diṭṭheva dhamme paṭikacca aññaṃ ārādheti no ce diṭṭheva dhamme paṭikacca aññaṃ ārādheti; atha maraṇakāle aññaṃ ārādheti, no ce diṭṭheva dhamme paṭikacca aññaṃ ārādheti, no ce maraṇakāle aññaṃ ārādheti; atha pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā antarāparinibbāyī hoti, upahaccaparinibbāyī hoti, asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti, sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti, uddhaṃsoto hoti akaniṭṭhagāmī. Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā ime satta phalā sattānisaṃsā pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
7. 第一阿难经
如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城。那时,具寿阿难来到世尊所在之处,到了之后,向世尊行礼,在一旁坐下。坐定后,他对世尊说:
7. Paṭhamaānandasuttaṃ
839在舍卫城。那时,尊者阿难前往世尊那里,顶礼世尊后,坐在一旁。坐定后,尊者阿难对世尊这样说:
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
“尊者,什么是神变?什么是神足?什么是神足的修习?什么是导向神足修习的道路?” “阿难,在此,有比丘体验种种神通变化:从一身变为多身,又从多身合为一身……乃至能以身体自在往来梵天界。阿难,这便称为神变。”
‘‘Katamā nu kho, bhante , iddhi, katamo iddhipādo, katamā iddhipādabhāvanā, katamā iddhipādabhāvanāgāminī paṭipadā’’ti? ‘‘Idhānanda, bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti – ayaṃ vuccatānanda, iddhi’’.
“阿难,什么是神足呢?阿难,凡是能带来神通之获得与神通之证得的道路和修行,这就称为神足。”
‘‘Katamo cānanda, iddhipādo? Yo, ānanda, maggo yā paṭipadā iddhilābhāya iddhipaṭilābhāya saṃvattati – ayaṃ vuccatānanda, iddhipādo.
“阿难,什么是神足的修习呢?阿难,在此,比丘修习具足欲定与勤行成就的欲神足,修习具足精进定与勤行成就的勤神足……修习具足心定与勤行成就的心神足……修习具足观定与勤行成就的观神足——阿难,这就称为神足的修习。”
‘‘Katamā cānanda, iddhipādabhāvanā? Idhānanda, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ayaṃ vuccatānanda, iddhipādabhāvanā.
阿难,什么是通向神足修习的道路呢?正是这圣八支道,即:正见……正定。阿难,这就称为通向神足修习的道路。第八经。
‘‘Katamā cānanda, iddhipādabhāvanāgāminī paṭipadā? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhi – ayaṃ vuccatānanda, iddhipādabhāvanāgāminī paṭipadā’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
第八 第二阿难经
8. Dutiyaānandasuttaṃ
840阿难尊者坐于一旁,世尊对他说:“阿难,什么是神通?什么是神足?什么是神足的修习?什么是导向神足修习的道路?”阿难尊者回答:“世尊,我们所领会的教法,以世尊为根本,以世尊为导引……”
Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘katamā nu kho, ānanda, iddhi, katamo iddhipādo, katamā iddhipādabhāvanā, katamā iddhipādabhāvanāgāminī paṭipadā’’ti? Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā bhagavaṃnettikā…pe….
阿难,比丘于此体验种种神通变化:一身化作多身,……乃至在梵天界,亦能以身自在掌控。阿难,这便叫做神通。
‘‘Idhānanda, bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti – ayaṃ vuccatānanda, iddhi.
“阿难,什么是神足?阿难,那导向获得神通、证得神通的道路与修习,阿难,这就叫做神足。”
‘‘Katamo cānanda, iddhipādo? Yo, ānanda, maggo yā paṭipadā iddhilābhāya iddhipaṭilābhāya saṃvattati – ayaṃ vuccatānanda, iddhipādo.
“阿难,什么是神足的修习呢?阿难,在此,比丘修习具足欲定与勤行成就的神足,修习具足精进定与勤行成就的神足,修习具足心定与勤行成就的神足,修习具足观定与勤行成就的神足——阿难,这就称为神足的修习。”
‘‘Katamā cānanda, iddhipādabhāvanā? Idhānanda, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ayaṃ vuccatānanda, iddhipādabhāvanā.
阿难,什么是导向神足修习的道路呢?就是这八支圣道,即正见……正定。阿难,这就称为导向神足修习的道路。第七经。
‘‘Katamā cānanda, iddhipādabhāvanāgāminī paṭipadā? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhi – ayaṃ vuccatānanda, iddhipādabhāvanāgāminī paṭipadā’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
9. 第一比丘经
9. Paṭhamabhikkhusuttaṃ
841那时,众多比丘来到世尊处,向世尊行礼后,坐在一旁。坐定后,他们问世尊道:“尊者,什么是神通?什么是神足?什么是神足的修习?什么是通向神足修习的途径?”
Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘katamā nu kho, bhante, iddhi, katamo iddhipādo, katamā iddhipādabhāvanā, katamā iddhipādabhāvanāgāminī paṭipadā’’ti?
诸比丘,于此,有比丘成就种种神通变化:由一身而成多身……乃至能以身体自在运转,至于梵天界。诸比丘,这便称为神通。
‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, iddhi.
“诸比丘,什么是神足?凡是能导向获得神通、证得神足的道路与方法——这便称为神足。”
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, iddhipādo? Yo, bhikkhave, maggo, yā paṭipadā iddhilābhāya iddhipaṭilābhāya saṃvattati – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, iddhipādo.
“诸比丘,何谓神足的修习?诸比丘,有比丘修习具足欲定勤行成就之神足,修习具足精进定勤行成就之神足……修习具足心定勤行成就之神足……修习具足观定勤行成就之神足。诸比丘,此即名为神足的修习。”
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, iddhipādabhāvanā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, iddhipādabhāvanā.
诸比丘,何为通向神足修习之道?即此八支圣道,也就是:正见……正定。诸比丘,此即名为通向神足修习之道。第十经。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, iddhipādabhāvanāgāminī paṭipadā? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, iddhipādabhāvanāgāminī paṭipadā’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
10. 第二比丘经
10. Dutiyabhikkhusuttaṃ
842那时,众多比丘前往世尊那里……在一旁坐下。坐定后,世尊对比丘们这样说:“诸比丘,什么是神通?什么是神足?什么是神足的修习?什么是通向神足修习的道路呢?”“尊者,我们的法以世尊为根本,以世尊为导引……”
Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘katamā nu kho, bhikkhave, iddhi, katamo iddhipādo, katamā iddhipādabhāvanā, katamā iddhipādabhāvanāgāminī paṭipadā’’ti? Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā bhagavaṃnettikā…pe….
“诸比丘,什么是神通?在此,比丘证得种种神通变化:由一身化为多身……乃至能以身体自在掌控梵天界。诸比丘,这便称为神通。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, iddhi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, iddhi.
“诸比丘,什么是神足?诸比丘,那能令获得神通、证得神通的道路与行道——这便称为神足。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, iddhipādo? Yo, bhikkhave, maggo, yā paṭipadā iddhilābhāya iddhipaṭilābhāya saṃvattati – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, iddhipādo.
诸比丘,什么是神足修习?于此,比丘修习具足欲定勤行之神足,修习具足精进定、心定、观定勤行之神足。诸比丘,这便称为神足修习。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, iddhipādabhāvanā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, iddhipādabhāvanā.
诸比丘,什么是导向神足修习的道?即是这八支圣道,也就是:正见……正定。诸比丘,这便称为导向神足修习之道。第九。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, iddhipādabhāvanāgāminī paṭipadā? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhi – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, iddhipādabhāvanāgāminī paṭipadā’’ti. Navamaṃ.
11. 目犍连经
11. Moggallānasuttaṃ
843于其处,世尊对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,你们认为如何?修习、多修习了哪些法,目犍连比丘才有了如此的大神通、大威力?”“尊者,我们的法以世尊为根本,以世尊为引导……”“诸比丘,正是由于修习、多修习了四神足,目犍连比丘才具有如此的大神通、大威力。”
Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamesaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā moggallāno bhikkhu evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo’’ti? Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā bhagavaṃnettikā…pe… ‘‘catunnaṃ kho, bhikkhave, iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā moggallāno bhikkhu evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo’’.
“哪四种呢?诸比丘,在此,目犍连比丘修习具足欲定勤行之神足,心想:‘这样,我的意欲不会过于迟缓,也不会过于紧逼;不会向内收缩,也不会向外散乱。’他安住于前后想——‘前方如何,后方亦然;后方如何,前方亦然;下方如何,上方亦然;上方如何,下方亦然;白昼如何,夜晚亦然;夜晚如何,白昼亦然。’如此,他以敞开无覆之心修习光明心。他修习具足精进定勤行之神足……修习具足心定勤行之神足……修习具足观定勤行之神足,心想:‘这样,我的慧观不会过于迟缓,也不会过于紧逼;不会向内收缩,也不会向外散乱。’……如此,他以敞开无覆之心修习光明心。诸比丘,正是由于修习、多修习了这四神足,目犍连比丘才具有如此的大神通、大威力。”
‘‘Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, moggallāno bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ‘iti me chando na ca atilīno bhavissati, na ca atippaggahito bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṃ saṃkhitto bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhitto bhavissati’. Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati – ‘yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho; yathā divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā’. Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti. Vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ‘iti me vīmaṃsā na ca atilīnā bhavissati, na ca atippaggahitā bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṃ saṃkhittā bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhittā bhavissati’…pe… iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti. Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā moggallāno bhikkhu evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo.
“诸比丘,再者,由于修习、多修习这四神足,目犍连比丘体验种种神变:一身变为多身,多身变为一身……乃至能以身在梵天界自在而转。诸比丘,又由于修习、多修习这四神足,目犍连比丘以诸漏灭尽,于现法以证智自作证,成就并住于无漏心解脱、慧解脱。” 第十一经。
‘‘Imesañca pana, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā moggalāno bhikkhu evaṃ anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti. Imesañca pana, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā moggallāno bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Ekādasamaṃ.
12. 如来经
12. Tathāgatasuttaṃ
844那时,世尊对比丘们说:“诸比丘,你们如何思惟?如来是由于修习、多修习了哪些法,而具有如此的大神通、大威力呢?”“尊者,法以世尊为根本……”“诸比丘,正是由于修习、多修习了四神足,如来才有如此的大神通、大威力。”
Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamesaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā tathāgato evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo’’ti? Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā…pe… ‘‘catunnaṃ kho, bhikkhave, iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā tathāgato evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo’’.
“是哪四种呢?诸比丘,于此,如来修习‘欲定勤行成就神足’,他如此修习:‘我的欲愿不会过于消沉,不会过于亢奋;内心不向内收束,也不向外散乱。’他安住于前后想:‘前如后,后如前;下如上,上如下;昼如夜,夜如昼。’如此,他以开放、无遮盖、光明的心而修习心。他修习‘精进定勤行成就神足’……修习‘心定勤行成就神足’……修习‘观定勤行成就神足’,他如此修习:‘我的观照不会过于消沉,不会过于亢奋;内心不向内收束,也不向外散乱。’他安住于前后想:‘前如后,后如前;下如上,上如下;昼如夜,夜如昼。’如此,他以开放、无遮盖、光明的心而修习心。诸比丘,正是由于修习、多修习了这四神足,如来才有如此的大神通、大威力。”
‘‘Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, tathāgato chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ‘iti me chando na ca atilīno bhavissati, na ca atippaggahito bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṃ saṃkhitto bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhitto bhavissati’. Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati – ‘yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho; yathā divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā’. Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti. Vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti – ‘iti me vīmaṃsā na ca atilīnā bhavissati, na ca atipaggahitā bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṃ saṃkhittā bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhittā bhavissati’. Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati – ‘yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho; yathā divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā’. Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti. Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā tathāgato evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo.
诸比丘,再者,由于修习、多修这四神足,如来能体验种种神通变化:能以一化多、以多归一……乃至能以身自在行于梵天界。诸比丘,也正因修习、多修这四神足,如来藉由灭尽一切烦恼,于现法中,以证智亲自证得无烦恼的心解脱、慧解脱,并安住其中。
‘‘Imesañca pana, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā tathāgato anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti. Imesañca pana, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā tathāgato āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Dvādasamaṃ.
(六种神通亦当详说。)
(Chapi abhiññāyo vitthāretabbā).
第三品 铁丸品
Ayoguḷavaggo tatiyo.
道、铁丸、比丘,纯一经与二果经;
两经关于阿难,两经关于比丘,目犍连经与如来经。
Maggo ayoguḷo bhikkhu, suddhikañcāpi dve phalā; Dve cānandā duve bhikkhū, moggallāno tathāgatoti.
4. 恒河简说品
4. Gaṅgāpeyyālavaggo
1-12. 恒河譬喻等十二经
1-12. Gaṅgānadīādisuttadvādasakaṃ
845-856“诸比丘,正如恒河倾向东方、流向东方、趋入东方;同样地,诸比丘,修习四神足、多修习四神足的比丘,倾向涅槃、流向涅槃、趋入涅槃。诸比丘,比丘如何修习四神足、多修习四神足,便能倾向涅槃、流向涅槃、趋入涅槃呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘修习具足欲定勤行之神足,修习具足精进定勤行之神足……修习具足心定勤行之神足……修习具足观定勤行之神足。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, gaṅgā nadī pācīnaninnā pācīnapoṇā pācīnapabbhārā; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāro iddhipāde bhāvento cattāro iddhipāde bahulīkaronto nibbānaninno hoti nibbānapoṇo nibbānapabbhāro. Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāro iddhipāde bhāvento cattāro iddhipāde bahulīkaronto nibbānaninno hoti nibbānapoṇo nibbānapabbhāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi…pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti.
“诸比丘,比丘如此修习四神足、多修习四神足,便倾向涅槃、流向涅槃、趋入涅槃。”第十二经。
‘‘Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāro iddhipāde bhāvento cattāro iddhipāde bahulīkaronto nibbānaninno hoti nibbānapoṇo nibbānapabbhāro’’ti. Dvādasamaṃ.
恒河中略品第四
Gaṅgāpeyyālavaggo catuttho.
Cha pācīnato ninnā, cha ninnā ca samuddato;
二种各六则成十二,故此得名此品。
Dvete cha dvādasa honti, vaggo tena pavuccatīti.
不放逸品当广说。
Appamādavaggo vitthāretabbo.
如来、足迹、尖顶、根、心材、茉莉
王、日月,衣是为第十。
Tathāgataṃ padaṃ kūṭaṃ, mūlaṃ sāro ca vassikaṃ; Rājā candimasūriyā, vatthena dasamaṃ padanti.
兹列摄颂如下:
Tassuddānaṃ –
‘力所作品’宜依《力作品》广说。
Balakaraṇīyavaggo vitthāretabbo.
力、种子、龙、树、罐、针
虚空、两片云、船、客舍、河流
Balaṃ bījañca nāgo ca, rukkho kumbhena sūkiyā; Ākāsena ca dve meghā, nāvā āgantukā nadīti.
寻求品应详尽阐述。
Esanāvaggo vitthāretabbo.
其摄颂如下:
Tassuddānaṃ –
寻求、分别、烦恼,存有与三种苦;
荒芜、垢秽与恼害,受、渴爱与渴求。
Esanā vidhā āsavo, bhavo ca dukkhatā tisso; Khilaṃ malañca nīgho ca, vedanā taṇhā tasinā cāti.
一~十 暴流等经十则
1-10. Oghādisuttadasakaṃ
889-898诸比丘,有五种上分结。是哪五种呢?对色的贪染、对无色的贪染、慢、掉举、无明——诸比丘,这便是五种上分结。诸比丘,为了彻底证知、遍知、灭尽、断除这五种上分结,应当修习四神足。哪四种呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘修习具足欲定勤行成就之神足,修习具足精进定勤行成就之神足……修习具足心定勤行成就之神足……修习具足观定勤行成就之神足。诸比丘,为了彻底证知、遍知、灭尽、断除这五种上分结,应当修习这四神足。
‘‘Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, uddhambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni. Katamāni pañca ? Rūparāgo, arūparāgo, māno, uddhaccaṃ, avijjā – imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañcuddhambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni. Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, pañcannaṃ uddhambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ abhiññāya pariññāya parikkhayāya pahānāya cattāro iddhipādā bhāvetabbā. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhi…pe… cittasamādhi …pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti. Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, pañcannaṃ uddhambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ abhiññāya pariññāya parikkhayāya pahānāya ime cattāro iddhipādā bhāvetabbā’’ti.
应如《道相应》中所述详细展开。
(Yathā maggasaṃyuttaṃ tathā vitthāretabbaṃ).
暴流品第八
Oghavaggo aṭṭhamo.
暴流、轭、执取、系缚与随眠;
感官欲乐、诸盖、诸蕴,以及下分结与上分结。
Ogho yogo upādānaṃ, ganthā anusayena ca; Kāmaguṇā nīvaraṇā, khandhā oruddhambhāgiyāti.
1. 遮波罗品
1. Cāpālavaggo
神足相应第七
Iddhipādasaṃyuttaṃ sattamaṃ.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
这组在讲什么
本相应围绕“四神足”这一核心法数编集。佛陀反复开示四神足的构成(欲定、精进定、心定、观定之勤行成就),并阐明这套修法不仅是成就神通与神变的基础,更是导向究竟解脱、漏尽证悟的圣道。全组通过不同角度的宣说,确立四神足为过去、现在、未来一切解脱者必经的“一乘道”。
出场人物 / 对告众
| Pali | 中文(经文用名) | 角色 |
|---|
| Bhagavā | 世尊 | 说法主 |
| Bhikkhu/Bhikkhave | 诸比丘 | 主要对告众 |
| Ānanda | 阿难 | 侍者,关键对话方 |
| Māra | 魔罗 | 障碍者,劝请入灭 |
核心法义(白话+重点)
这组的核心毫不含糊:想要真正解脱,就必须把定力建立在强烈的意愿、精进、心的聚焦和智慧观察这四个基础上。它不跟你谈玄妙的神通,而是直接给出一个可操作的“心法公式”:用哪一种心理能量(欲、精进、心、观)作为推动力去培养定力,然后用这稳定有力的心去执行、去断烦恼。
→ 拆开看:经文开篇就说“这四神足已修习、已多修习,导向从此岸到彼岸”,这里直接把神足定义为从凡俗(此岸)到涅槃(彼岸)的工具,而不是某种特异功能表演。
→ 要旨:四神足是同一套“勤修成就”的定力培养模式,配上四种不同的心理主导力(欲、精进、心、观)。修它,不是为了飞檐走壁,而是为了把心的力量拧成一股绳,彻底看破并断除苦的根源。
关键术语锚
| Pali | 中文(经文用名) | 易错提醒 |
|---|
| Iddhipāda | 神足 | 不是“有神的脚”,而是“成就之力”的基础。**神**指究竟成就(神通或解脱),**足**指基础、道路。 |
| Chandasamādhi | 欲定 | 并非世俗欲望,而是**以强烈的“想要完成”的意愿为主导**所培养出的定力。 |
| Vīriyasamādhi | 精进定 | **以精进不懈的力量为主导**所成就的定,不是盲目的紧绷,而是充满活力的稳定。 |
| Cittasamādhi | 心定 | **以心的专注力本身为主导**去成就定,强调心本身的强韧与稳固。 |
| Vīmaṃsāsamādhi | 观定 | **以考察、思择的智慧力为主导**去成就定,不是干枯的推理,而是在定中起观。 |
| Padhānasaṅkhārasamannāgata | 勤行成就 | 直译是“具备努力之行”,强调**精勤的意志力贯穿始终**,是让定力最终圆满成就的关键要素。 |
代表经(本组重点)
1. 彼岸经 — 定义四神足的终极价值:从此岸到彼岸。
2. 成就经 — 宣示一切过去、未来、现在的解脱者都因修习四神足而成就,确立其普遍性。
3. 佛经 — 点明如来之所以被称为“如来”,正是由于圆满修习了这四神足。
4. 目犍连经 — 以具体人物为例,说明神通第一的大弟子也是靠修四神足成就神力。
5. 塔庙经 — 记录佛陀在毗舍离多次暗示阿难,自己已修成四神足本可住世一劫,为后半部《大般涅槃经》埋下伏笔。