第2品·名品·以“一切”等词为首的词之聚
2. 名词品解释 · 163 段
以“一切”等词为首的词之聚巴利
Sabbādirāsi
现在说明一切代词。巴利
Atha sabbanāmāni dīpiyante.
sabba、katara、katama、ubhaya、itara、añña、aññatara、aññatama、pubba、para、apara、dakkhiṇa、uttara、adhara、ya、ta、tya、eta、ima、amu、kiṃ、eka、ubha、dvi、ti、catu、tumha、amha,此二十八词名为“一切代词”。所谓一切代词,即于一切性与义共通适用的名称。巴利
Sabba, katara, katama, ubhaya, itara, añña, aññatara, aññatama, pubba, para, apara, dakkhiṇa, uttara, adhara, ya, ta, tya, eta, ima, amu, kiṃ, eka, ubha, dvi,ti, catu, tumha, amha imāni aṭṭhavīsati sabbanāmāni nāma. Sabbesaṃ liṅgatthānaṃ sādhāraṇāni nāmāni sabbanāmāni.
其中,sabba一词意为“全部”。巴利
Tattha sabbasaddo sakalattho.
katara与katama二词意为“询问”。巴利
Katara, katamasaddā pucchanatthā.
“ubhaya”一词,指由两个部分组成的集合。巴利
Ubhayasaddo dvinnaṃ avayavānaṃ samudāyattho.
“itara”一词,是相对于已说一方而言的用语。巴利
Itarasaddo ekato vuttassa paṭiyogīvacano.
“añña”一词,是相对于已得者之外的其他者的用语。巴利
Aññasaddo yathādhigatamhā aparavacano.
“aññatara”与“aññatama”这两个词,表示的是不确定的意思。巴利
Aññatara, aññatamasaddā aniyamatthā.
“pubba”等词,是用来表示方位、时间等区分的用语。巴利
Pubbādayo saddā disā, kālādivavatthānavacanā.
“ya”这个词,是表示不定意义的用语。巴利
Yasaddo aniyamatthavacano.
“ta”与“tya”这两个词,是对不在面前或位于远处者的称呼用语。巴利
Ta, tyasaddā parammukhe dūravacanā.
“eta”一词,是对不在面前却在近处者,或对在面前却位于远处者的称呼用语。然而在注疏中这样说:“‘eta’是越过眼前、已至远处而招呼”,因此也可用于“ta”的意义。巴利
Etasaddo parammukhe samīpavacano, sammukhe dūravacano. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘eteti cakkhupathaṃ atikkamitvā dūragate sandhāyāhā’’ti vuttaṃ, tasmā tasaddatthepi vattati.
“ima”一词,是对在面前且在近处者的称呼用语。巴利
Imasaddo sammukhe samīpavacano.
“amu”一词为远指用语。近与远也可依假想与觉知而成立。巴利
Amusaddo dūravacano. Samīpa, dūratā ca parikappabuddhivasenāpi hoti.
“kiṃ”一词表“询问”之义。巴利
Kiṃsaddo pucchanattho.
“eka”词意为“数”,亦有其他意义。巴利
Ekasaddo saṅkhyattho aññattho ca.
“ubha”一词是“dvi”一词的同义词。巴利
Ubhasaddo dvisaddapariyāyo.
其中,“tya”一词也常见。如:khiḍḍā paṇihitā tyāsu, rati tyāsu patiṭṭhitā, bījāni tyāsu ruhanti, kathaṃ nu vissase tyamhi, atha vissasate tyamhi等。巴利
Tattha tyasaddopi bahulaṃ dissati. Khiḍḍā paṇihitā tyāsu, rati tyāsu patiṭṭhitā, bījāni tyāsu ruhanti , kathaṃ nu vissase tyamhi , atha vissasate tyamhiiccādi .
“Itthiyamatvā”:āpaccaya(后缀),ghasañña(gha之称),silopa(省略)。sabbā itthī, sabbā, sabbāyo, he sabbe, he sabbā, he sabbāyo, sabbaṃ, sabbā, sabbāyo, sabbāya, sabbāhi, sabbābhi, sabbāya。巴利
‘Itthiyamatvā’ti āpaccayo, ghasañño, silopo, sabbā itthī, sabbā, sabbāyo, he sabbe, he sabbā, he sabbāyo, sabbaṃ, sabbā, sabbāyo, sabbāya, sabbāhi, sabbābhi, sabbāya.
203 203.以 gha、pa 结尾的名词,其属格词尾 ssa 可替换为 ssā。巴利
203.Ghapāsassa ssā vā.
对于以 gha、pa 结尾的所有代词,其属格词尾 ssa 可替换为 ssā。巴利
Gha, pasaññehi sabbanāmehi sassa ssā hoti vā.
204 204.以 gh 结尾的名词,其 saṃ 词尾可替换为 ssā、ssāya 或 ṃsu。巴利
204.Ghossaṃssāssāyaṃtiṃsu.
在 ssa 等之前,gho 变为短音。巴利
Ssamādīsu gho rasso hoti.
sabbassā:一切,属格或与格单数阴性。巴利
Sabbassā.
205 saṃ 词尾替换为 sāna。巴利
205.Saṃsānaṃ.
对于sabba等词,naṃ语尾变为saṃ、sānaṃ。巴利
Sabbādīhi naṃvacanassa saṃ, sānaṃ honti.
sabbāsaṃ, sabbāsānaṃ, sabbāya, sabbāhi, sabbābhi, sabbāya, sabbassā, sabbāsaṃ, sabbāsānaṃ, sabbāya, sabbāyaṃ。巴利
Sabbāsaṃ, sabbāsānaṃ, sabbāya, sabbāhi, sabbābhi, sabbāya, sabbassā, sabbāsaṃ, sabbāsānaṃ, sabbāya, sabbāyaṃ.
206 smiṃ语尾变为ssaṃ。巴利
206.Smiṃno ssaṃ.
以sabba等词,smiṃ语尾亦可变为ssaṃ。巴利
Sabbādīhi smiṃno ssaṃ hoti vā.
即sabbassaṃ(一切,处格单数)与sabbāsu(一切,处格复数)。巴利
Sabbassaṃ, sabbāsu.
《Saddanīti》中亦说,nā、smā、smiṃ语尾可替换为ssā。如巴利文句:‘Tassā kumārikāya saddhiṃ, kassāhaṃ kena hāyāmī’(与彼少女一起,我因何而损减?)。而此处,则依经分别而成。如:sabbassā kataṃ(一切所作)、sabbassā apeti(一切离去)、sabbassā ṭhitaṃ(一切安立)。巴利
Saddanītiyaṃ nā, smā, smiṃnampi ssādeso vutto . ‘‘Tassā kumārikāya saddhiṃ , kassāhaṃ kena hāyāmī’’ti pāḷi. Idha pana suttavibhattena sādhiyati. Sabbassā kataṃ, sabbassā apeti, sabbassā ṭhitaṃ.
单数形式的“一切男人”。巴利
Sabbo puriso.
207 yona 词尾变为 eṭa。巴利
207.Yonameṭa.
对于以 a 结尾的 sabba 等词,yona 词尾变为 eṭa。巴利
Akārantehi sabbādīhi yonaṃ eṭa hoti.
难道仅此而已?sabbā itthiyo(一切女人),amū purisā(那些男人)。巴利
Atotveva? Sabbā itthiyo, amū purisā.
he sabba(呼格单数)、he sabbā(呼格复数阴性)、he sabbe(呼格复数阳性)、sabbaṃ(主格/宾格单数中性)、sabbe(主格复数阳性)、sabbena(具格单数)巴利
He sabba, he sabbā, he sabbe, sabbaṃ, sabbe, sabbena.
208 于naṃmhi中,sabba等词中的a转为e。巴利
208.Sabbādīnaṃ naṃmhi ca.
于naṃmhi、su、hi中,sabba等词中的a转为e。巴利
Naṃmhi ca su, hisu ca sabbādīnaṃ assa e hoti.
sabbehi, sabbebhi, sabbassa, sabbesaṃ, sabbesānaṃ, sabbasmā, sabbamhā, sabbehi, sabbebhi, sabbassa, sabbesaṃ, sabbesānaṃ, sabbasmiṃ, sabbamhi, sabbesu。巴利
Sabbehi, sabbebhi, sabbassa, sabbesaṃ, sabbesānaṃ, sabbasmā, sabbamhā, sabbehi, sabbebhi, sabbassa, sabbesaṃ, sabbesānaṃ, sabbasmiṃ, sabbamhi, sabbesu.
然而,在《小语法》中,也说 smā、smiṃ 变为 ā、e。例如:sabbā apeti(一切离去),sabbe patiṭṭhitanti(一切安立)。经文中还有:‘Sabbā ca savati, sabbathā savatī’(一切流转,以一切方式流转),以及 ‘tyāhaṃ mante paratthaddho’(我因彼咒而傲慢)。其中,‘tyāha’是 te+ahaṃ,意为‘于彼咒中’。巴利
Cūḷaniruttiyaṃ pana smā, smiṃnaṃ ā, ettaṃ vuttaṃ, sabbā apeti, sabbe patiṭṭhitanti. ‘‘Sabbā ca savati, sabbathā savatī’’ti ca ‘‘tyāhaṃ mante paratthaddho’’ti ca pāḷī. Tattha ‘tyāha’nti te+ahaṃ, tasmiṃ manteti attho.
于一切代词中,也可见以 āyā 替代第四格(与格)词尾。例如经文:‘yāya no anukampāya, amhe pabbājayī muni. So no attho anuppatto’(以彼悲悯,牟尼令我等出家;我等已得此义成就),以及 ‘yāyeva kho panatthāya āgaccheyyātha, tameva atthaṃ sādhukaṃ manasi kareyyāthā’(你们正是为此义而来,应当善巧地作意此义),以及 ‘neva mayhaṃ ayaṃ nāgo, alaṃ dukkhāya kāyacī’(此象非我所有,不足以令身受苦)。巴利
Sabbanāmehi catutthiyā āyādesopi dissati, ‘‘yāya no anukampāya, amhe pabbājayī muni. So no attho anuppatto’’ti ca ‘‘yāyeva kho panatthāya āgaccheyyātha, tameva atthaṃ sādhukaṃ manasi kareyyāthā’’ti ca ‘‘neva mayhaṃ ayaṃ nāgo, alaṃ dukkhāya kāyacī’’ti ca pāḷī.
一切心(单数形式)。巴利
Sabbaṃ cittaṃ.
209 从 sabba 等词。巴利
209.Sabbādīhi.
sabba 等词中,并无 nissaṭā 形式。巴利
Sabbādīhi nissa ṭā na hoti.
sabbāni、sabbaṃ、sabbāni;其余与阳性相同。巴利
Sabbāni, sabbaṃ, sabbāni. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasamaṃ.
依据多分通则,有些地方也会出现 nissaṭā、ṭe 的形式。而在巴利圣典中,nissaṭā、ṭe 也有所见:‘往昔菩萨坐于殊胜跏趺座时,诸相显现,他们今日当显现。少年有何宝物,致令赌徒胜者夺去?’。同样地,对 katara、katama 等词也应如此理解。巴利
Bahulādhikārā kvaci nissa ṭā, ṭepi honti. Pāḷiyaṃ pana nissa ṭā, ṭepi dissanti- ‘‘yā pubbe bodhisattānaṃ, pallaṅkavaramābhuje. Nimittāni padissanti, tāni ajja padissare . Kiṃ māṇavassa ratanāni atthi, ye taṃ jinanto hare akkhadhutto’’ti . Evaṃ katara, katamasaddāpi ñeyyā.
“两者”一词用于阴性与阳性时:阴性形式有 ubhayā、ubhayo,其中 ubhayo 作为主格单数形式较为罕见。依大规则,结尾的 yo 可转为 ṭo,从而得到:ubhayo itthiyo(主格复数,两位女子)、ubhayaṃ itthiṃ(宾格单数)、ubhayo itthiyo(宾格复数)、ubhayāya(为格/属格单数)、ubhayāhi 与 ubhayābhi(具格/从格复数)。其余格的变化,与‘一切’相同。巴利
Ubhayasadde itthi, pumesu ubhayā, ubhayoti paṭhamekavacanarūpaṃ appasiddhaṃ. Mahāvuttinā yonaṃ ṭo vā hoti, ubhayo itthiyo, ubhayaṃ itthiṃ, ubhayo itthiyo, ubhayāya, ubhayāhi, ubhayābhi. Sesaṃ sabbasamaṃ.
阳性形式:ubhayo purisā 与 ubhaye purisā(主格复数,两位男子)、ubhayaṃ(宾格单数)、ubhayo 与 ubhaye(宾格复数)、ubhayena(具格单数)、ubhayehi 与 ubhayebhi(具格/从格复数)、ubhayassa(属格/为格单数)、ubhayesaṃ 与 ubhayesānaṃ(属格复数)。其余格的变化,与‘一切’相同。巴利
Ubhayo purisā, ubhaye purisā, ubhayaṃ, ubhayo, ubhaye, ubhayena, ubhayehi, ubhayebhi, ubhayassa, ubhayesaṃ, ubhayesānaṃ. Sabbasamaṃ.
“ubhayaṃ kulaṃ tiṭṭhati(两个家族存续)”、“ubhayāni”、“ubhayaṃ”、“ubhayāni”。其余格变化同“一切”(sabba)。经文出处为:“以一夜故,两者——你与弓术学子、都提耶之子咖巴——两者今夜住于此;天与人两者,两者共住。”巴利
Ubhayaṃ kulaṃ tiṭṭhati, ubhayāni, ubhayaṃ, ubhayāni. Sabbasamaṃ. ‘‘Ekarattena ubhayo, tuvañca dhanusekha ca , todeyya, kappā ubhayo, idhekarattiṃ ubhayo vasema, ubhaye devamanussā, ubhaye vasāmase’’ti pāḷi.
210 在 ssaṃ、ssā、ssāya 等替换之前,itarā、ekā、aññā、etā、imā 这些词的词尾变为 i。巴利
210.Ssaṃssāssāyesitarekaññetimānami.
在 ssa 等之前,itarā、ekā、aññā、etā、imā 这些词的词尾变为 i。巴利
Ssamādīsu itarā, ekā, aññā, etā, imāsaddānaṃ i hoti.
itarissā kataṃ(为另一女所作),itarissā deti(施与另一女),itarissā apeti(离开另一女),itarissā dhanaṃ(另一女的财富),itarissā, itarissaṃ ṭhitaṃ(安立于另一女)。其余与sabba相同。巴利
Itarissā kataṃ, itarissā deti, itarissā apeti, itarissā dhanaṃ, itarissā, itarissaṃ ṭhitaṃ. Sesaṃ sabbasamaṃ.
aññā、aññā、aññāyo、aññaṃ、aññā、aññāyo、aññāya、aññissā、aññāhi、aññābhi、aññāya、aññissā、aññāsaṃ、aññāsānaṃ、aññissā、aññāhi、aññābhi、aññāya、aññissā、aññāsaṃ、aññāsānaṃ、aññāya、aññissā、aññāyaṃ、aññissaṃ、aññāsu。于其余性中,与sabba相同。巴利
Aññā, aññā, aññāyo, aññaṃ, aññā, aññāyo, aññāya, aññissā, aññāhi, aññābhi, aññāya, aññissā, aññāsaṃ, aññāsānaṃ, aññissā, aññāhi, aññābhi, aññāya, aññissā, aññāsaṃ, aññāsānaṃ, aññāya, aññissā, aññāyaṃ, aññissaṃ, aññāsu. Sesaliṅgesu sabbasamaṃ.
经文“Aññatarissā itthiyā paṭibaddhacitto hotī”(心系著于某一女人),此处依经分别而成立。其余如aññatara、aññatama的变化,与sabba相同。巴利
‘‘Aññatarissā itthiyā paṭibaddhacitto hotī’’ti pāḷi, idha suttavibhattena sijjhati. Sesaṃ aññatara, aññatamesu sabbasamaṃ.
pubbā itthī, pubbā, pubbāyo, pubbaṃ, pubbā, pubbāyo, pubbāya, pubbassā, pubbāhi, pubbābhi, pubbāya, pubbassā, pubbāsaṃ, pubbāsānaṃ;第七格:pubbāya, pubbassā, pubbāyaṃ, pubbassaṃ, pubbāsu。巴利
Pubbā itthī, pubbā, pubbāyo, pubbaṃ, pubbā, pubbāyo, pubbāya, pubbassā, pubbāhi, pubbābhi, pubbāya, pubbassā, pubbāsaṃ, pubbāsānaṃ, sattamiyaṃ pubbāya, pubbassā, pubbāyaṃ, pubbassaṃ, pubbāsu.
211 从pubbā等六词。巴利
211.Pubbādīhi chahi.
由彼六词,yona可变为eṭa。巴利
Tehi chahi yonaṃ eṭa hoti vā.
pubbe、pubbā、pare、parā、apare、aparā、dakkhiṇe、dakkhiṇā、uttare、uttarā、adhare、adharā——其中,“pubbe、pubbā”指东方一侧,或住于彼处,或指古昔的众生与诸行。在“pubbabuddhā(前世诸佛)、pubbadevā(昔日诸天神)、pubbācariyā(前代诸师)”等用例中,应如此理解:“pubbe buddhā(前世诸佛)”即pubbabuddhā,或“pubbā buddhā(古昔诸佛)”即pubbabuddhā,依此类推。其余诸词也按此例类推。巴利
Pubbe, pubbā, pare, parā, apare, aparā, dakkhiṇe, dakkhiṇā, uttare, uttarā, adhare, adharā. Tattha ‘pubbe pubbā’ti puratthimadisābhāgā, tatraṭṭhakā vā atthā, purātanā vā sattā saṅkhārā ca. ‘‘Pubbabuddhā, pubbadevā, pubbācariyā’’tiādīsu ‘‘pubbe buddhā pubbabuddhā, pubbā buddhā vā pubbabuddhā’’tiādinā attho veditabbo. Evaṃ sesesu.
pubbesaṃ、pubbesānaṃ、paresaṃ、paresānaṃ、aparesaṃ、aparesānaṃ、dakkhiṇesaṃ、dakkhiṇesānaṃ、uttaresaṃ、uttaresānaṃ、adharesaṃ、adharesānaṃ——其余诸词应了知。巴利
Pubbesaṃ, pubbesānaṃ, paresaṃ, paresānaṃ, aparesaṃ, aparesānaṃ, dakkhiṇesaṃ, dakkhiṇesānaṃ, uttaresaṃ, uttaresānaṃ, adharesaṃ, adharesānaṃ. Sesaṃ ñeyyaṃ.
“以pubbādi(前等)”是何义?——一切。巴利
Pubbādīhīti kiṃ? Sabbe.
“以六”者,是何义?——即 ye、te。巴利
Chahīti kiṃ? Ye, te.
212 非其他,亦非以名称为主。巴利
212.Nāññañca nāmappadhānā.
凡是纯名词且在复合词中非主要成分者,便没有前面所说的“一切等作用”,也没有下面将说的“一切等作用”。其中,不知“一切等”之义,故为表愚者义的 añña(其他)词;了知“一切等”之义,故为表中道果智的 añña 词,以及表阿拉汉果智的 añña 词;在“pubbo lohita(前红)”等中的 pubba(前)词;表多余、他等义的 para(他)词;从方向、时间等转作其他义的 dakkhiṇa(南)、uttara(北)词;以及表数义的一个 añña 词——这一切皆名为纯名词,于此则无“一切等作用”。巴利
Suddhanāmabhūtā ca samāse appadhānabhūtā ca sabbādito pubbe vuttaṃ sabbādikāriyaṃ aññañca upari vuccamānaṃ sabbādikāriyaṃ na hoti. Tattha suddhanāmabhūtaṃ sabbādināma na jānātīti atthena bālavācako aññasaddo, ājānātīti atthena majjhemaggaphalañāṇavācako aññasaddo, arahattaphalañāṇavācako aññasaddo, ‘pubbo lohita’ntiādīsu pubbasaddo, atirekaparamādivācako parasaddo, disākālādito aññesu atthesu pavattā dakkhiṇu’ttarasaddā ca saṅkhyatthavācito añño ekasaddo cāti sabbametaṃ suddhanāmaṃ nāma, tato sabbādikāriyaṃ natthi.
在非主要成分中,有diṭṭhapubba(曾见)、gatapubba(曾去)、piyapubba(先爱)等词。其中,先前曾被此人见过的佛,名为“曾见”;或先前曾见过佛的此人,名为“曾见”。同样地,先前曾被此人行过的道,名为“曾去”;或先前曾行过此道的此人,名为“曾去”。“爱”指妻子,其爱为先在者(旧),故名“先爱”(男);“爱”亦指丈夫,其爱为先在者,故名“先爱”(女)。于此类词语中,亦无“一切等作用”。巴利
Appadhāne diṭṭhapubba, gatapubba, piyapubba iccādi. Tattha pubbe diṭṭho diṭṭhapubbo buddho purisena. Pubbe diṭṭho yenāti vā diṭṭhapubbo puriso buddhaṃ. Evaṃ gatapubbo maggo purisena, gatapubbo vā puriso maggaṃ. Piyā vuccati bhariyā, piyā pubbā purāṇā etassāti piyapubbo, piyo vuccati pati, piyo pubbo yassāti piyapubbā. Etehi ca sabbādikāriyaṃ natthi.
213 在第三义结合中。巴利
213.Tatiyatthayoge.
当以词之第三义结合时,无一切等之作用。巴利
Tatiyatthena padena yoge sabbādikāriyaṃ natthi.
以月为前,故名为“月前”(前月)。巴利
Māsena pubbānaṃ māsapubbānaṃ.
214 在第四义复合词中。巴利
214.Catthasamāse.
第四义复合词称为相违释(并列复合词),其中并无“一切等”的作用。巴利
Catthasamāso vuccati dvandasamāso, tasmiṃ sabbādikāriyaṃ natthi.
南、北与东,即“南北东”;“南北东”之(属格复数)。巴利
Dakkhiṇā ca uttarā ca pubbā ca dakkhiṇuttarapubbā, dakkhiṇuttarapubbānaṃ.
“第四义”是什么意思?南方与东方之间的方位名为“东南”;南与东也就是“东南”。“东南”之(属格单数)、“东南”之(属格复数)。巴利
Cattheti kiṃ? Dakkhiṇassā ca pubbassā ca yā antaradisāti dakkhiṇapubbā, dakkhiṇā ca sā pubbā cāti dakkhiṇapubbā, dakkhiṇapubbassā, dakkhiṇapubbassaṃ.
在第四义复合词中,有时会变成 veṭa(环绕)。巴利
Catthasamāse yonaṃ eṭa hoti vā.
katarakatame(哪一个)、katarakatamā(哪一个,阴性)、itaritare(另一个)、itaritarā(另一个,阴性)、aññamaññe(互相)、aññamaññā(互相,阴性)、pubbapare(前后)、pubbaparā(前后,阴性)、pubbāpare(前后)、pubbāparā(前后,阴性)等。巴利
Katarakatame, katarakatamā, itaritare, itaritarā, aññamaññe, aññamaññā, pubbapare, pubbaparā, pubbāpare, pubbāparā iccādi.
在这些 pubbādi(前等)词中,由词尾 smā、smiṃ、naṃ、ā、ettaṃ 变化出 pubbā、pubbe、parā、pare、aparā、apare、dakkhiṇā、dakkhiṇe、uttarā、uttare、adharā、adhare 等形式。巴利
Imesu pubbādīsu smā, smiṃnaṃ ā, ettaṃ hoti, pubbā, pubbe, parā, pare, aparā, apare, dakkhiṇā, dakkhiṇe, uttarā, uttare, adharā, adhare.
阴性者:yā itthī、yā、yāyo、yaṃ、yā、yāyo、yāya、yassā、yāhi、yābhi、yāya、yassā、yāsaṃ、yāsānaṃ、yāya、yassā、yāhi、yābhi、yāya、yassā、yāsaṃ、yāsānaṃ、yāya、yassā、yāyaṃ、yassaṃ、yāsu。巴利
Yā itthī, yā, yāyo, yaṃ, yā, yāyo, yāya, yassā, yāhi, yābhi, yāya, yassā, yāsaṃ, yāsānaṃ, yāya , yassā, yāhi, yābhi, yāya, yassā, yāsaṃ, yāsānaṃ, yāya, yassā, yāyaṃ, yassaṃ, yāsu.
阳性者:yo puriso、ye、yaṃ、ye、yena、yehi、yebhi、yassa、yesaṃ、yesānaṃ、yasmā、yamhā、yehi、yebhi、yassa、yesaṃ、yesānaṃ、yasmiṃ、yamhi、yesu。巴利
Yo puriso, ye, yaṃ, ye, yena, yehi, yebhi, yassa, yesaṃ, yesānaṃ, yasmā, yamhā, yehi, yebhi, yassa, yesaṃ, yesānaṃ, yasmiṃ, yamhi, yesu.
中性者:yaṃ cittaṃ、yāni cittāni、yaṃ、yāni。其余与阳性相同。巴利
Yaṃ cittaṃ, yāni cittāni, yaṃ, yāni. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasamaṃ.
216 在 tya、te、tānaṃ 中,其代词形式为 so。巴利
216.Tyatetānaṃ tassa so.
对于无性别的 tya、ta、eta 词,于辅音前且位于阳性单数主格时,其 t 变为 so,si 则被省略。巴利
Anapuṃsakānaṃtya, ta, etasaddānaṃ tabyañjanassa so hoti simhi. Silopo.
其阴性形式为:sā itthī、tā、tāyo、itthiyo、taṃ、tā、tāyo、tāya。巴利
Sā itthī, tā, tāyo, itthiyo, taṃ, tā, tāyo, tāya.
217 于tā、etā、imā、amū等词,可替换为ssā。巴利
217.Ssā vā tetimāmūhi.
Gha,于tā、etā、imā、amū等词之后,五个阴性单数词尾的ssā为可选变化,且为短音。巴利
Gha, pasaññehi tā, etā, imā, amusaddehi nādīnaṃ pañcannaṃ ekavacanānaṃ ssā hoti vā. Rasso.
例如:tassā kataṃ、tāhi、tābhi、tāya、tassā。巴利
Tassā kataṃ, tāhi, tābhi, tāya, tassā.
218 对tā词干而言,ssā为可选形式。巴利
218.Tāssi vā.
在ssaṃ、ssā、ssāyesu等形式中,tā词干的gha词缀之i为可选。巴利
Ssaṃ, ssā, ssāyesu ghasaññassa tāsaddassa i hoti vā.
219 于te、imā词基,to之形式ssāya。巴利
219.Tetimātosassa ssāya.
于tā、etā、imā词基,sa之形式ssāya,为任选其一之代换。巴利
Tā, etā, imāhi sassa ssāyādeso hoti vā.
tassāya、tissāya、tāsaṃ、tāsānaṃ、tāya、tassā、tassāya、tissāya、tāsaṃ、tāsānaṃ、tāya、tāyaṃ、tassā、tassaṃ、tissā、tissaṃ、tāsu,皆为阴性依格、属格、具格复数之诸变体。巴利
Tassāya, tissāya, tāsaṃ, tāsānaṃ, tāya, tassā, tassāya, tissāya, tāsaṃ, tāsānaṃ, tāya, tāyaṃ, tassā, tassaṃ, tissā, tissaṃ, tāsu.
阳性代名词“ta”的变格:so puriso、te purisā、taṃ、te、tena、tehi、tebhi、tassa、tesaṃ、tesānaṃ、tasmiṃ、tamhi、tesu。巴利
So puriso, te purisā, taṃ, te, tena, tehi, tebhi, tassa, tesaṃ, tesānaṃ, tasmiṃ, tamhi, tesu.
中性代名词“ta”的变格:taṃ cittaṃ、tāni cittāni、taṃ、tāni。其余与阳性相同。巴利
Taṃ cittaṃ, tāni cittāni, taṃ, tāni. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasamaṃ.
220 tassa 在一切阴性格中变为 no。巴利
220.Tassa no sabbāsu.
在yvādi(如关系代词等)的一切格变化中,它的形式是no。巴利
Yvādīsu sabbāsu vibhattīsu tassa no hoti.
即ne purisā、naṃ、ne、nehi、nebhi、nesaṃ、nesānaṃ、nehi、nebhi、nesaṃ、nesānaṃ、namhi、nesu等。巴利
Ne purisā, naṃ, ne, nehi, nebhi, nesaṃ, nesānaṃ, nehi, nebhi, nesaṃ, nesānaṃ, namhi, nesu.
在此,虽然说了“一切格中”,但应当针对每一种实际出现的格,相应地去配合理解。巴利
Ettha ca ‘sabbāsū’ti vuttepi yā yā vibhatti labbhati, taṃ taṃ ñatvā yojetabbā.
naṃ cittaṃ、nehi、nebhi,其余与阳性相同。巴利
Naṃ cittaṃ, nehi, nebhi. Pulliṅgasamaṃ.
221 132. Ṭa 在 sasmā、smiṃ、ssāya、ssaṃ、ssā、saṃ、mhā、mhi 以及 imassa 之后。巴利
221.Ṭa sasmāsmiṃssāyassaṃssāsaṃmhāmhisvimassa ca.
在 sādi 等中,tassa 与 imassa 的 ṭa 为任选。巴利
Sādīsu tassa ca imassa ca ṭa hoti vā.
“assā”:属于那位女性的;“assā”:赠与那位女性的;“assaṃ”:处格,用长音——“āsaṃ”:属于那些女性的。“nāsaṃ kujjhanti paṇḍitā”:智者不怒于那些女性;“assā apeti”:从那位女性离开;“assā”:那位女性的;“assāya dhanaṃ”:财物赠与那位女性;“āsaṃ dhanaṃ”:那些女性的财物。“abhikkamo sānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo”此句中,“sānaṃ”指诸受,依大规则,其t转作s。如是,assā与assaṃ已安立。巴利
Assā itthiyā kataṃ, assā, assāya deti. Saṃmhi dīgho – āsaṃ itthīnaṃ, nāsaṃ kujjhanti paṇḍitā , assā apeti, assā, assāya dhanaṃ, āsaṃ dhanaṃ, ‘‘abhikkamo sānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo’’ti ettha ‘sāna’nti vedanānaṃ, mahāvuttinā tassa sattaṃ. Assā, assaṃ ṭhitaṃ.
“assa”:那位男子的;“āsaṃ”:那些男子的。“Nevāsaṃ kesā dissanti, hatthapādā ca jālino”:那些男子的头髪不可见,手足有网缦。asmā、amhā、assa、āsaṃ、asmiṃ、amhi。巴利
Assa purisassa, āsaṃ purisānaṃ. Nevāsaṃ kesā dissanti, hatthapādā ca jālino . Asmā, amhā, assa, āsaṃ, asmiṃ, amhi.
“assa cittassa”意为“那颗心的”,其变化与阳性相同。巴利
Assa cittassa. Pulliṅgasamaṃ.
esā itthī——这位女性;etā, etāyo——这些女性;etaṃ——这位女性(业格);etā, etāyo——这些女性(业格);etāya, etassā, etissā kataṃ——由这位女性所作。巴利
Esā itthī, etā, etāyo, etaṃ, etā, etāyo, etāya, etassā, etissā kataṃ.
eso puriso——这位男子;ete——这些男子;etaṃ——这位男子(业格);ete——这些男子(业格);etena——以这位男子。巴利
Eso puriso, ete, etaṃ, ete, etena.
etaṃ cittaṃ——这颗心;etāni——这些心;etaṃ——这颗心(业格);etāni——这些心(业格);etena——以这颗心。除 nattaṃ 和 ṭattaṃ 外,其余皆与 ta 词相同。巴利
Etaṃ cittaṃ, etāni, etaṃ, etāni, etena. Sabbaṃ tasaddasamaṃ ṭhapetvā nattaṃ, ṭattañca.
222 在处格中,非中性词的 ima 变为 ayaṃ。巴利
222.Simhānapuṃsakassāyaṃ.
在处格中,对于非中性词,ima 变为 ayaṃ。此谓 Silopa(音节省略)。巴利
Simhi napuṃsakato aññassa imassa ayaṃ hoti. Silopo.
阴性词 itthī 的指示代词 ima 变格如下:主格单数为 ayaṃ itthī(这位女性),主格复数为 imā, imāyo;业格单数为 imaṃ,业格复数为 imā, imāyo;具格为 imāya, imassā, imissā(单数)及 imāhi, imābhi(复数);属格为 imāya, imassā, imassāya, imissā, imissāya(单数)及 imāsaṃ, imāsānaṃ, āsaṃ(复数);与格为 imissaṃ, assā, assāya。第五格形式与第三格相同,第六格形式与第四格相同。处格单数为 imāya, imāyaṃ, imassā, imassāya, imassaṃ, imissā, imissāya, imissaṃ, assā, assaṃ;处格复数为 imāsu。巴利
Ayaṃ itthī, imā, imāyo, imaṃ, imā, imāyo, imāya, imassā, imissā, imāhi, imābhi, imāya, imassā, imassāya, imissā, imissāya, imissaṃ, assā, assāya, imāsaṃ, imāsānaṃ, āsaṃ. Pañcamīrūpaṃ tatiyāsamaṃ, chaṭṭhīrūpaṃ catutthīsamaṃ. Imāya, imāyaṃ, imassā, imassāya, imassaṃ, imissā, imissāya, imissaṃ, assā, assaṃ, imāsu.
“ayaṃ puriso”为“这位男子”,“ime”为“这些男子”,“imaṃ”为“这位男子(业格)”,“ime”为“这些男子(业格)”。巴利
Ayaṃ puriso, ime, imaṃ, ime.
223 在名词词尾中,ima 变为 ana、imi。巴利
223.Nāmhinimi.
在名词词尾中,非阴性词的 ima 变为 ana、imi 等替代形式。巴利
Nāmhi anitthiliṅge imassa ana, imiādesā honti.
“iminā, anena”:表示‘以这位’;“imehi, imebhi”:表示‘以这些’。巴利
Iminā, anena, imehi, imebhi.
224 非阴性词干的 ima 替换为 ṭe。巴利
224.Imassānitthiyaṃ ṭe.
非阴性词干的 ima 在 su、naṃ、hi 等语尾前,变为 ṭe。巴利
Anitthiliṅge imassa ṭe hoti vā su, naṃ, hisu.
“ehi, ebhi”:以这些(阳/中,复,具);“imassa, assa”:此(阳/中,单,属);“imesaṃ, imesānaṃ, esaṃ, esānaṃ”:这些(阳/中,复,属);“imasmā, imamhā, asmā, amhā”:从此(阳/中,单,从);“imehi, imebhi, ehi, ebhi”:以这些(阳/中,复,具);“imassa, assa”:此(阳/中,单,属);“imesaṃ, imesānaṃ, esaṃ, esānaṃ”:这些(阳/中,复,属);“imasmiṃ, imamhi, asmiṃ, amhi”:在此中(阳/中,单,处);“imesu, esu”:在这些中(阳/中,复,处)。巴利
Ehi, ebhi, imassa, assa, imesaṃ, imesānaṃ, esaṃ, esānaṃ, imasmā, imamhā, asmā, amhā, imehi, imebhi, ehi, ebhi, imassa, assa, imesaṃ, imesānaṃ, esaṃ, esānaṃ, imasmiṃ, imamhi, asmiṃ, amhi, imesu, esu.
“Anamhi bhadde susoṇe, kinnu jagghasi sobhane”(贤善的妙耳者,你为何轻笑?容貌端严者啊!)——依大规则,此经文中的“anamhi”一词,是处格词尾“smiṃ”变为“anādesa”的形式。巴利
‘‘Anamhi bhadde susoṇe, kinnu jagghasi sobhane’’ti pāḷi- ‘anamhī’ti imasmiṃ ṭhāne, mahāvuttinā smiṃmhi anādeso.
“imaṃ cittaṃ”:这颗心(阳/中,单,业)。巴利
Imaṃ cittaṃ.
225 对于 ima,也可采用 idaṃ 的形式。巴利
225.Imassidaṃ vā.
当中性词以 aṃ、si 等为词尾时,ima 与 tehi 结合可成为 idaṃ,此形式为可选。巴利
Napuṃsake aṃ, sisu imassa tehi aṃ, sīhi saha idaṃ hoti vā.
idaṃ cittaṃ 即“这颗心”;imāni cittāni 即“这些心”;imaṃ 与 idaṃ 为“这颗心”的业格;imāni 为“这些心”的业格;iminā 与 anena 为“以这颗心”的具格。其余形式皆与阳性相同。巴利
Idaṃ cittaṃ, imāni cittāni, imaṃ, idaṃ, imāni, iminā, anena. Sabbaṃ pulliṅgasamaṃ.
此处所说的是混合形式。巴利
Idha missakarūpaṃ vuccati –
“yā, sā itthī”指那位女性;“yā, tā itthiyo”指那些女性;“yaṃ, taṃ itthiṃ”指那位女性(业格);“yā, esā itthī”指这位女性;“yā, etā itthiyo”指这些女性;“yaṃ, etaṃ itthiṃ”指这位女性(业格);“yā, ayaṃ itthī”指这位女性;“yā, imā itthiyo”指这些女性;“yaṃ, imaṃ itthiṃ”指这位女性(业格);“yo, so puriso”指那位男子;“ye, te purisā”指那些男子,等等。巴利
Yā, sā itthī, yā, tā itthiyo, yaṃ, taṃ itthiṃ, yā, esā itthī, yā, etā itthiyo, yaṃ, etaṃ itthiṃ, yā, ayaṃ itthī, yā, imā itthiyo, yaṃ, imaṃ itthiṃ, yo, so puriso, ye, te purisāiccādayo.
在“Sa kho so kumāro vuddhimanvāya”一句中,so 即 so kumāro;在“ese se eke ekatthe”一句中,eso 即 so eko ekattho,应当这样理解。其中,前者为实义词,后者仅仅是表面的音声。在“Ayaṃ so sārathi eti”一句中,两者则各自是独立的实义词。而 yaṃ、taṃ、idanti 等词,虽属不变词,在巴利语句中通行无碍,于一切性、格之中形态皆无变化。巴利
‘‘Sa kho so kumāro vuddhimanvāyā’’ti ettha so so kumāroti, ‘ese se eke ekatthe’ti ettha eso so eko ekatthoti vattabbaṃ. Tattha pubbaṃ pubbaṃ atthapadaṃ, paraṃ paraṃ byañjanamattaṃ. ‘‘Ayaṃ so sārathi etī’’ti ettha pana dvepi visuṃ visuṃ atthapadāni evāti. Yaṃ, taṃ, idanti ime saddā nipātarūpāpi hutvā pāḷivākyesu sañcaranti sabbaliṅgavibhattīsu abhinnarūpāti.
226 ima、eta等词在复说时,于业格中变为ena。巴利
226.Imetānamenānvādese dutiyāyaṃ.
复说,即再次或重复言说。在复说之处,ima、eta等词于业格中变为ena。巴利
Anvādeso vuccati anukathanaṃ, punakathanaṃ, anvādesaṭhāne ima, etānaṃ enādeso hoti dutiyāvibhattīsu.
“imaṃ bhikkhuṃ vinayaṃ ajjhāpehi, atho enaṃ bhikkhuṃ dhammaṃ ajjhāpehi”:教诫这位比丘律藏,再教诫这位比丘法藏;“ime bhikkhū vinayaṃ ajjhāpehi, atho ene bhikkhū dhammaṃ ajjhāpehi”:教诫这些比丘律藏,再教诫这些比丘法藏;“etaṃ bhikkhuṃ vinayaṃ ajjhāpehi”等,应作如是说。“Tamenaṃ bhikkhave nirayapālā, yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ bhikkhuṃ”等句中,亦同属复说之例。巴利
Imaṃ bhikkhuṃ vinayaṃ ajjhāpehi, atho enaṃ bhikkhuṃ dhammaṃ ajjhāpehi, ime bhikkhū vinayaṃ ajjhāpehi, atho ene bhikkhū dhammaṃ ajjhāpehi, etaṃ bhikkhuṃ vinayaṃ ajjhāpehiiccādinā vattabbaṃ. Tamenaṃ bhikkhave nirayapālā , yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ bhikkhuṃ iccādīsupi anukathanameva.
227 amu 的 assa 变为 massa。巴利
227.Massāmussa.
对于非中性词,其代词形式为 amussa、assa、so。巴利
Simhi anapuṃsakassa amussa massa so hoti.
asu itthī,亦作 amu,指“那位女性”;amū 或 amuyo 指“那些女性”;amuṃ 指“那位女性”(业格);amū 或 amuyo 指“那些女性”(业格);amuyā 或 amussā 表示“以那位女性”;amūhi 或 amūbhi 表示“以那些女性”;amuyā 或 amussā 表示“那位女性的”;amūsaṃ 或 amūsānaṃ 表示“那些女性的”;amuyā 或 amussā 表示“给那位女性”;amūhi 或 amūbhi 表示“以那些女性”;amuyā 或 amussā 表示“那位女性的”;amūsaṃ 或 amūsānaṃ 表示“那些女性的”;amuyā、amuyaṃ、amussā 或 amussaṃ 表示“在那位女性中”;amūsu 表示“在那些女性中”。巴利
Asu itthī, amu vā, amū, amuyo, amuṃ, amū, amuyo, amuyā, amussā, amūhi, amūbhi, amuyā, amussā, amūsaṃ, amūsānaṃ, amuyā, amussā, amūhi, amūbhi, amuyā, amussā, amūsaṃ, amūsānaṃ, amuyā, amuyaṃ, amussā, amussaṃ, amūsu.
如同“asu puriso”或“amu vā”,指那位男子。巴利
Asu puriso, amu vā.
228 删除 amu 的词尾 yo。巴利
228.Lopomusmā.
删除 amu 的词尾 yo。而 vo、no 等则不适用此规则。巴利
Amuto yonaṃ lopo hoti. Vo, nopavādoyaṃ .
“amū”意为“那些”;“amuṃ”意为“那个”(业格);“amū”意为“那些”(业格);“amunā”意为“以那个”;“amūhi, amūbhi”意为“以那些”。巴利
Amū , amuṃ, amū, amunā, amūhi, amūbhi.
229 amu 的 sassa 变为 no。巴利
229.Na no sassa.
amu 的 sassa 变为 no,也变为 na。巴利
Amuto sassa no na hoti.
依大规则,处格中 mussa 变为 dutta、adussa。经文中“dussa me khettapālassa, rattiṃ bhattaṃ apābhata”此处因偈颂缘故,a 音被省略。“amūsaṃ, amūsānaṃ”:那些的;“amusmā, amumhā”:从那个;“amūhi, amūbhi”:以那些;“amussa, adussa”:那个的;“amūsaṃ, amūsānaṃ”:那些的;“amusmiṃ, amumhi”:在那个中;“amūsu”:在那些中。巴利
Mahāvuttinā samhi mussa duttaṃ, adussa. Pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘dussa me khettapālassa, rattiṃ bhattaṃ apābhata’’nti ettha gāthāvasena a-kāralopo. Amūsaṃ, amūsānaṃ, amusmā, amumhā, amūhi, amūbhi, amussa, adussa, amūsaṃ, amūsānaṃ, amusmiṃ, amumhi, amūsu.
230 amu 的中性变为 aduṃ。巴利
230.Amussāduṃ.
中性词词尾为 aṃ、si 等时,amu 与 tehi 结合,成为 aduṃ,亦可。巴利
Napuṃsake aṃ, sisu amussa tehi saha aduṃ hoti vā.
“amuṃ cittaṃ, aduṃ cittaṃ”:那颗心;“amūni”:那些心。“amuṃ, aduṃ”:那颗心(业格);“amūni”:那些心(业格)。其余与阳性相同。依“sakatthe”规则加上 kap 后缀之后,则无 sabbādi 形式。“amukā kaññā”:某位少女;“amukā, amukāyo”:某些少女。“amuko puriso”:某位男子;“amukā purisā”:某些男子。“amukaṃ cittaṃ”:某颗心;“amukāni cittāni”:某些心,等等。巴利
Amuṃ cittaṃ, aduṃ cittaṃ, amūni, amuṃ, aduṃ, amūni. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasamaṃ. ‘Sakatthe’ti suttena kapaccaye kate sabbādirūpaṃ natthi. Amukā kaññā, amukā, amukāyo. Amuko puriso, amukā purisā. Amukaṃ cittaṃ, amukāni cittāni iccādi.
当ke位于其后时,amu的assa变为massa,此变化可选用。巴利
Ke pare amussa massa so hoti vā.
“asukā itthī”:某位女性;“asukā, asukāyo”:某些女性。“asuko puriso”:某位男子;“asukā purisā”:某些男子。“asukaṃ kulaṃ”:某个家族;“asukāni kulāni”:某些家族。其变格完全如同kaññā、purisa、citta。巴利
Asukā itthī, asukā, asukāyo. Asuko puriso, asukā purisā. Asukaṃ kulaṃ, asukāni kulāni. Sabbaṃ kaññā, purisa, cittasamaṃ.
“Itthiyamatvā”:此处,依“itthiyaṃ ā”这一格位规则,从kiṃ词干后附加阴性后缀ā而成。巴利
‘Itthiyamatvā’ti ettha ‘itthiyaṃ ā’ti vibhattasuttena kiṃsaddato itthiyaṃ āpaccayo.
232 kiṃ 的属格单数形式变为 ko。巴利
232.Kiṃssa ko.
在所有格位后缀中,kiṃ 的 ss 变为 ko。巴利
Sabbesu vibhattipaccayesu kiṃssa ko hoti.
阴性词形:kā itthī, kā, kāyo, kaṃ, kā, kāyo, kāya, kassā 等;其余变化皆同。阳性词形:ko puriso, ke purisā, kaṃ, ke, kena, kehi, kebhi, kassa。巴利
Kā itthī, kā, kāyo, kaṃ, kā, kāyo, kāya, kassā iccādi sabbasamaṃ. Ko puriso, ke purisā, kaṃ, ke, kena, kehi, kebhi, kassa.
233 在sa与smiṃsu中,若非阴性,kiṃ可变为ki,或保持不变。巴利
233.Ki sasmiṃsu vānitthiyaṃ.
于非阴性中,kiṃ词干在sa、smiṃsu格位变为ki,或保持不变。巴利
Anitthiliṅge sa, smiṃsu kiṃsaddassa ki hoti vā.
kissa、kesaṃ、kesānaṃ、kasmā、kamhā、kehi、kebhi、kassa、kissa、kesaṃ、kesānaṃ、kasmiṃ、kamhi、kismiṃ、kimhi、kesu。巴利
Kissa, kesaṃ, kesānaṃ, kasmā, kamhā, kehi, kebhi, kassa, kissa, kesaṃ, kesānaṃ, kasmiṃ, kamhi, kismiṃ, kimhi, kesu.
234 对中性词,在aṃ与sisu格位,kiṃ词干变为ki。巴利
234.Kimaṃsisu napuṃsake.
在中性词中,kiṃ词干于aṃ、sisu格位,与这些aṃ、si格位结合时变为ki。巴利
Napuṃsake aṃ, sisu kiṃsaddassa tehi aṃsīhi saha kiṃ hoti.
如:kiṃ cittaṃ?kāni?kiṃ或kaṃ?kāni。其余变化与阳性相同。以上为纯粹表疑问的kiṃ词干的词形。巴利
Kiṃ cittaṃ, kāni, kiṃ, kaṃ vā, kāni. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasamaṃ. Idaṃ pucchanatthassa suddhakiṃsaddassa rūpaṃ.
然而,与不变词‘ci’结合时,可表‘某一’或‘任一’之义。kāci itthī, kāci itthiyo, kiñci itthiṃ, kāci, kāyaci, kāhici, kāyaci, kassāci, kāsañci, kutoci, kāhici。第七格:kāyaci, katthaci, kāsuci。巴利
‘Ci’itinipātena yutte pana ekaccatthaṃ vā appatthaṃ vā vadati. Kāci itthī, kāci itthiyo, kiñci itthiṃ, kāci, kāyaci, kāhici, kāyaci, kassāci, kāsañci, kutoci, kāhici. Sattamiyaṃ - kāyaci, katthaci, kāsuci.
某些男子(koci puriso)、某些(keci)、某物(kiñci)、某些(keci)、以某者(kenaci)、以某些(kehici)、属于某者(kassaci)、属于某些(kesañci)、于某者(kismiñci)、于某者(kimhici)、于某处(katthaci)、于某些(kesuci)。巴利
Koci puriso, keci, kiñci, keci, kenaci, kehici, kassaci, kesañci, kismiñci, kimhici, katthaci, kesuci.
kiñci kulaṃ, kānici kulāni, kiñci, kānici。其余与阳性相同。巴利
Kiñci kulaṃ, kānici kulāni, kiñci, kānici. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasamaṃ.
再者,与‘ya’一词结合使用时,表达‘一切’的含义。例如:yā kāci itthī, yā kāci itthiyo。巴利
Puna yasaddena yutte sakalatthaṃ vadati. Yā kāci itthī, yākāci itthiyo.
例如:yo koci puriso(任何男子),ye keci(任何那些),yaṃ kiñci(任何事物),ye keci(任何那些),yena kenaci(以任何……),yehi kehici(以任何那些……),yassa kassaci(属于任何人的),yesaṃ kesañci(属于任何那些人的),yato kutoci(从任何地方),yehi kehici(以任何那些……),yassa kassaci(属于任何人的),yesaṃ kesañci(属于任何那些人的),yasmiṃ kismiñci(在任何……中),yamhi kimhici(在任何……中),yattha katthaci(在任何地方),yesu kesuci(在任何那些……中)。巴利
Yo koci puriso, ye keci, yaṃ kiñci, ye keci yena kenaci, yehi kehici, yassa kassaci, yesaṃ kesañci yato kutoci, yehi kehici, yassa kassaci, yesaṃkesañci, yasmiṃ kismiñci, yamhi kimhici, yattha katthaci, yesu kesuci.
例如:yaṃ kiñci cittaṃ, yāni kānici, yaṃ kiñci, yāni kānici。其余与阳性变化相同。巴利
Yaṃ kiñcicittaṃ, yāni kānici, yaṃ kiñci, yāni kānici. Sesaṃ pulliṅgasamaṃ.
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