2. 第二应悔过学处
2. Dutiyapāṭidesanīyasikkhāpadaṃ
6. 应悔过篇 · 14 段
557那时,佛陀世尊住在王舍城(Rājagaha)的竹林迦兰陀迦园(Kalandakanivāpa)中。那时,诸比丘应邀在各施主家中用餐。六群比丘尼们站在六群诸比丘旁边对他们指挥着说:“往这里加汤,往这里加饭!”六群诸比丘便尽情地吃,其他诸比丘吃得不太够。那些少欲的诸比丘……(中略)……他们指责、呵斥、批评道:“六群诸比丘怎么能不阻止比丘尼们指挥呢!”……(中略)……佛陀世尊说:“诸比丘,听说你们真的不阻止比丘尼们指挥吗?”
“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道:……(中略)……“愚蠢的人啊,你们怎么能不阻止比丘尼们指挥呢!愚蠢的人啊,这不能使未信者生起信心……(中略)……”于是,诸比丘,应该这样宣读这条学处——
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū kulesu nimantitā bhuñjanti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhuniyo chabbaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vosāsantiyo ṭhitā honti – ‘‘idha sūpaṃ detha, idha odanaṃ dethā’’ti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū yāvadatthaṃ bhuñjanti. Aññe bhikkhū na cittarūpaṃ bhuñjanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo vosāsantiyo na nivāressantī’’ti…pe… saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo vosāsantiyo na nivārethāti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, bhikkhuniyo vosāsantiyo na nivāressatha ! Netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
558诸比丘受请在俗家用食时,若有比丘尼站在一旁指挥分配“这里添羹、这里添饭”,诸比丘应劝止她“姊妹,请暂避开,等诸比丘用食完毕”;若没有一个比丘开口劝止那比丘尼,这些比丘都应忏悔:“贤友,我们犯了应呵责、不适宜、应悔过之法,我们向你忏悔。”
‘‘Bhikkhū paneva kulesu nimantitā bhuñjanti, tatra ce sā bhikkhunī vosāsamānarūpā ṭhitā hoti – ‘idha sūpaṃ detha, idha odanaṃ dethā’ti, tehi bhikkhūhi sā bhikkhunī apasādetabbā – ‘apasakka tāva, bhagini, yāva bhikkhū bhuñjantī’ti. Ekassa cepi bhikkhuno na paṭibhāseyya taṃ bhikkhuniṃ apasādetuṃ – ‘apasakka tāva, bhagini, yāva bhikkhū bhuñjantī’ti paṭidesetabbaṃ tehi bhikkhūhi – ‘gārayhaṃ, āvuso, dhammaṃ āpajjimhā asappāyaṃ pāṭidesanīyaṃ, taṃ paṭidesemā’’’ti.
559这里的家族是指四种家族——刹帝利家族、婆罗门家族、吠舍家族、首陀罗家族。
Bhikkhū paneva kulesu nimantitā bhuñjantīti kulaṃ nāma cattāri kulāni – khattiyakulaṃ, brāhmaṇakulaṃ, vessakulaṃ, suddakulaṃ.
是指被以五种食物中的某一种食物邀请而去进食。
Nimantitā bhuñjantīti pañcannaṃ bhojanānaṃ aññatarena bhojanena nimantitā bhuñjanti.
是指在两部僧团中都受了具足戒。
Bhikkhunī nāma ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā.
“指使者”是指凭着彼此交好、彼此相熟、彼此亲近、有着相同的亲教师关系、有着相同的老师关系,而这样说:“往这边给些汤,往这边给些饭。”这样的人就称为指使者。
Vosāsantī nāma yathāmittatā yathāsandiṭṭhatā yathāsambhattatā yathāsamānupajjhāyakatā yathāsamānācariyakatā – ‘‘idha sūpaṃ detha, idha odanaṃ dethā’’ti. Esā vosāsantī nāma.
是指正在进食的那些比丘们。
Tehi bhikkhūhīti bhuñjamānehi bhikkhūhi.
是指那位在指使人做这做那的比丘尼。
Sā bhikkhunīti yā sā vosāsantī bhikkhunī.
那些正在进食的比丘应当制止那位比丘尼,说道:“这位姊妹,你先退到一边去,等诸比丘吃完再说。”如果连一位比丘都没有去制止她,而某比丘心想“我要吃这个、我要吃那个”并接取食物,那就犯了一个恶作的罪过。之后他每吞咽一口,就犯一次巴帝德萨尼的罪过。
Tehi bhikkhūhi sā bhikkhunī apasādetabbā – ‘‘apasakka tāva, bhagini, yāva bhikkhū bhuñjantī’’ti. Ekassa cepi bhikkhuno anapasādito – ‘‘khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī’’ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa.
560当对方是受了具足戒的比丘尼,自己也清楚认为她是受了具足戒的,却不去阻止她的指使行为,那么就犯了应悔过的罪。当对方是受了具足戒的比丘尼,自己心里有疑惑,却不去阻止她的指使行为,那么就犯了应悔过的罪。当对方是受了具足戒的比丘尼,自己心里认为她没受具足戒,却不去阻止她的指使行为,那么就犯了应悔过的罪。
Upasampannāya upasampannasaññī vosāsantiyā na nivāreti, āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa . Upasampannāya vematiko vosāsantiyā na nivāreti, āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa. Upasampannāya anupasampannasaññī vosāsantiyā na nivāreti, āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa.
对单方受具足戒的比丘尼,在其指挥时不予阻止,犯恶作。对未受具足戒者(如学法女等)生起已受具足戒者想,犯恶作;对未受具足戒者生起疑惑,犯恶作;对未受具足戒者生起未受具足戒者想,无犯。
Ekatoupasampannāya vosāsantiyā na nivāreti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampannāya upasampannasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampannāya vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anupasampannāya anupasampannasaññī, anāpatti.
561无犯的情况有:让比丘尼分发自己的食物而不给她本人;她正给与别人的食物而不让她去分发;让她分发那未被给与的食物;在她没有给与的地方让她去分发;让她为所有人平等地分发;如果是学法女在指挥,或是沙弥尼在指挥,无犯;除了五种主食之外的一切情况,无犯;对精神失常者、最初的犯戒者,无犯。
Anāpatti attano bhattaṃ dāpeti na deti, aññesaṃ bhattaṃ deti na dāpeti, yaṃ na dinnaṃ taṃ dāpeti, yattha na dinnaṃ tattha dāpeti, sabbesaṃ samakaṃ dāpeti, sikkhamānā vosāsati, sāmaṇerī vosāsati, pañca bhojanāni ṭhapetvā sabbattha, anāpatti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.