6. 应悔过篇
6. Pāṭidesanīyakaṇḍaṃ
全篇 83 段
1. 第一应悔过学处
1. Paṭhamapāṭidesanīyasikkhāpadaṃ
552那时,乔达摩佛陀、世尊住在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)祇树给孤独园。当时,有一位比丘尼在舍卫城托钵乞食后,在返回的路上见到了一位比丘,便对他说道:“尊者,请接受食物吧。”
“好的,姊妹。”那位比丘把食物全部拿走了。由于临近正午,这位比丘尼已经来不及再去乞食,那天便断了食。第二天,这位比丘尼……(中略)……第三天,她在舍卫城托钵乞食后,在返回的路上又见到那位比丘,便对他说:“尊者,请接受食物吧。”
“好的,姊妹。”那位比丘又把食物全部拿走了。由于临近正午,这位比丘尼已来不及再去乞食,又断了食。到了第四天,这位比丘尼摇摇晃晃地走在大街上。一位长者居士乘着车迎面而来,对这位比丘尼说:“让开,圣尼!”她往旁边一让,却就地瘫倒了下去。长者居士便向这位比丘尼道歉说:“请原谅,圣尼,是我把你撞倒了吧。”
“不,居士,不是你撞倒的,是我自己身体太虚弱了。”
“圣尼,你为什么会这么虚弱呢?”于是,这位比丘尼便将事情的经过告诉了长者居士。长者居士把这位比丘尼接回家中,供养了食物,之后便讥讽、批评、指责道:“尊者们怎么能从比丘尼手中接受食物呢!女人获得东西是多么不容易啊!”
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarā bhikkhunī sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā paṭikkamanakāle aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ passitvā etadavoca – ‘‘handāyya, bhikkhaṃ paṭiggaṇhā’’ti. ‘‘Suṭṭhu, bhaginī’’ti sabbeva aggahesi. Sā upakaṭṭhe kāle nāsakkhi piṇḍāya carituṃ, chinnabhattā ahosi. Atha kho sā bhikkhunī dutiyampi divasaṃ…pe… tatiyampi divasaṃ sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā paṭikkamanakāle taṃ bhikkhuṃ passitvā etadavoca – ‘‘handāyya, bhikkhaṃ paṭiggaṇhā’’ti. ‘‘Suṭṭhu, bhaginī’’ti sabbeva aggahesi. Sā upakaṭṭhe kāle nāsakkhi piṇḍāya carituṃ, chinnabhattā ahosi. Atha kho sā bhikkhunī catutthe divase rathikāya pavedhentī gacchati. Seṭṭhi gahapati rathena paṭipathaṃ āgacchanto taṃ bhikkhuniṃ etadavoca – ‘‘apehāyye’’ti. Sā vokkamantī tattheva paripati. Seṭṭhi gahapati taṃ bhikkhuniṃ khamāpesi – ‘‘khamāhāyye, mayāsi pātitā’’ti. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, gahapati, tayā pātitā. Apica, ahameva dubbalā’’ti. ‘‘Kissa pana tvaṃ, ayye, dubbalā’’ti? Atha kho sā bhikkhunī seṭṭhissa gahapatissa etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Seṭṭhi gahapati taṃ bhikkhuniṃ gharaṃ netvā bhojetvā ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhadantā bhikkhuniyā hatthato āmisaṃ paṭiggahessanti! Kicchalābho mātugāmo’’ti!
那些少欲的诸比丘听到了那位长者居士的讥讽、批评和指责。那些少欲的诸比丘……也讥讽、批评、指责道:“这位比丘怎么能从比丘尼手中接受食物呢?”……“比丘,听说你真的从比丘尼手中接受了食物,这是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”“那位比丘尼是你的亲戚,还是非亲戚?”“世尊,是非亲戚。”“愚人!对于非亲戚,你不知道什么是适当、什么是不适当,什么是该做的、什么是不该做的吗?你这愚人,怎么能从非亲戚的比丘尼手中接受食物呢!愚人,这不能让未生信者生信……诸比丘,你们应当这样诵出这条学处——
Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tassa seṭṭhissa gahapatissa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhu bhikkhuniyā hatthato āmisaṃ paṭiggahessatī’’ti …pe… saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhikkhuniyā hatthato āmisaṃ paṭiggahesīti ? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Ñātikā te, bhikkhu, aññātikā’’ti? ‘‘Aññātikā, bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Aññātako, moghapurisa, aññātikāya na jānāti patirūpaṃ vā appatirūpaṃ vā santaṃ vā asantaṃ vā. Kathañhi nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā hatthato āmisaṃ paṭiggahessasi! Netaṃ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha –
553若比丘从进入俗家内的非亲属比丘尼手中,亲手接受硬食或软食来嚼食或吃,该比丘应忏悔:“贤友,我犯了应呵责、不适宜、应悔过之法,我向你忏悔。”
‘‘Yo pana bhikkhu aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā antaragharaṃ paviṭṭhāya hatthato khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā sahatthā paṭiggahetvā khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, paṭidesetabbaṃ tena bhikkhunā – ‘gārayhaṃ, āvuso, dhammaṃ āpajjiṃ asappāyaṃ pāṭidesanīyaṃ, taṃ paṭidesemī’’’ti.
554“凡……者”,是指凡是这样的、如此这般的……(中略)……“比丘”,是指……(中略)……此处所指的,正是这个意义上的比丘。
Yo panāti yo yādiso…pe… bhikkhūti…pe… ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
“非亲戚”是指:从母系或父系,上溯七代祖先之间,没有亲属关系的。
Aññātikā nāma mātito vā . Pitito vā yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā asambaddhā.
“比丘尼”是指:在二部僧中受具足戒的。
Bhikkhunī nāma ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā.
“街道”是指:大街、小巷、十字路口、人家。
Antaragharaṃ nāma rathikā byūhaṃ siṅghāṭakaṃ gharaṃ.
凡称为嚼食者,除了五种啖食、时限药、七日药、终生药之外,剩下的就称为嚼食。
Khādanīyaṃ nāma pañca bhojanāni – yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ khādanīyaṃ nāma.
凡称为啖食者,有五种:米饭、酸粥、炒粉、鱼、肉。心想“我要嚼,我要吃”而接受,犯恶作。每一吞咽,都犯应悔过。
Bhojanīyaṃ nāma pañca bhojanāni – odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, maṃsaṃ. ‘‘Khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī’’ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa.
555对于非亲戚的比丘尼,却生起非亲戚想。她进入村落内部后,从她手中亲手接受嚼食或啖食,然后嚼食或啖食,犯应悔过。对于非亲戚的比丘尼,心存疑惑。她进入村落内部后,从她手中亲手接受嚼食或啖食,然后嚼食或啖食,犯应悔过。对于非亲戚的比丘尼,却生起亲戚想。她进入村落内部后,从她手中亲手接受嚼食或啖食,然后嚼食或啖食,犯应悔过。
Aññātikāya aññātikasaññī antaragharaṃ paviṭṭhāya hatthato khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā sahatthā paṭiggahetvā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa. Aññātikāya vematiko antaragharaṃ paviṭṭhāya hatthato khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā sahatthā paṭiggahetvā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa. Aññātikāya ñātikasaññī antaragharaṃ paviṭṭhāya hatthato khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā sahatthā paṭiggahetvā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa.
为了食用的目的而接受时限药、七日药、终生药,犯恶作。每一吞咽,犯恶作。从只有单方受具足戒的女人手中接受嚼食或啖食,心想“我要嚼,我要吃”而接受,犯恶作。每一吞咽,犯恶作。对于亲戚的比丘尼,却生起非亲戚想,犯恶作。对于亲戚的比丘尼,心存疑惑,犯恶作。对于亲戚的比丘尼,生起亲戚想,无犯。
Yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ āhāratthāya paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ekatoupasampannāya hatthato khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā – ‘‘khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī’’ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātikāya aññātikasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātikāya vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ñātikāya ñātikasaññī, anāpatti.
556无犯的情况有:是亲戚的比丘尼;她叫别人给,而不是自己给;她放下后再给;在寺院内、在比丘尼的住处、在外道女众的住处、在集会处;从村里带出来给;给予时限药、七日药、终生药,并说“在有需要时受用吧”;是学法女、是沙弥尼;是精神失常者;是初犯者。
Anāpatti ñātikāya, dāpeti na deti, upanikkhipitvā deti antarārāme, bhikkhunupassaye, titthiyaseyyāya, paṭikkamane , gāmato nīharitvā deti, yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ ‘‘sati paccaye paribhuñjā’’ti deti, sikkhamānāya, sāmaṇeriyā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.