第4品 花品·10. 大迦叶长老接受布施团食的故事
4. 花品义注 · 79 段
10. 大迦叶长老接受布施团食的故事巴利
10. Mahākassapattherapiṇḍapātadinnavatthu
“此香甚微少”这个法教,是导师住在竹林精舍时,因为大迦叶长老接受抟食供养这件事而说的。巴利
Appamattoayaṃ gandhoti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā veḷuvane viharanto mahākassapattherassa piṇḍapātadānaṃ ārabbha kathesi.
有一天,长老过了七天后从灭尽定中出定,他心想:“我要去王舍城挨家挨户次第乞食。”于是就出了门。那时候,帝释天神的五百位鸽足天女——她们是帝释天神的侍从——生起了想供养长老食物的热忱,准备了五百份食物,拿着这些食物站在半路上,说:“尊者,请接受这份食物,请哀愍我们。”长老说:“你们走吧,我要去哀愍那些穷苦的人。”她们说:“尊者,请不要让我们白跑一趟,请哀愍我们。”长老明白了她们的心思,再次拒绝。她们还是不肯离开,再三恳求。长老便弹了一下手指,说:“你们不知分寸,走吧!”天女们听到长老的弹指声,吓得浑身僵住,无法站在长老面前,就逃回了天界。帝释天问她们:“你们去哪儿了?”她们说:“主上,我们去想供养刚出定的长老食物。”帝释天问:“那供养了吗?”她们说:“他不肯接受。”帝释天问:“他说了什么?”她们说:“他说‘我要去哀愍穷苦的人’,主上。”帝释天问:“你们是以什么模样去的?”她们说:“就是以现在这副天女的模样,主上。”帝释天神心想:“像你们这样的天女,哪能给长老供养食物呢?”于是决定亲自去供养。他变成一个年老体衰、牙齿残缺、头发花白、弯腰驼背的老织工,又把善生天女也变成同样苍老的模样,变出一条织布匠的街道,在那里拉着线织布。巴利
Ekasmiñhi divase thero sattāhaccayena nirodhā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘rājagahe sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya carissāmī’’ti nikkhami. Tasmiṃ pana samaye sakkassa devarañño paricārikā kakuṭapādiniyo pañcasatā accharāyo ‘‘therassa piṇḍapātaṃ dassāmā’’ti ussāhajātā pañca piṇḍapātasatāni sajjetvā ādāya antarāmagge ṭhatvā, ‘‘bhante, imaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ gaṇhatha, saṅgahaṃ no karothā’’ti vadiṃsu. ‘‘Gacchatha tumhe, ahaṃ duggatānaṃ saṅgahaṃ karissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Bhante, mā no nāsetha, saṅgahaṃ no karothā’’ti. Thero ñatvā puna paṭikkhipitvā punapi apagantuṃ anicchamānā yācantiyo ‘‘attano pamāṇaṃ na jānātha, apagacchathā’’ti accharaṃ pahari. Tā therassa accharasaddaṃ sutvā santhambhitvā sammukhā ṭhātuṃ asakkontiyo palāyitvā devalokameva gantvā, sakkena ‘‘kahaṃ gatātthā’’ti puṭṭhā, ‘‘‘samāpattito vuṭṭhitassa therassa piṇḍapātaṃ dassāmā’ti gatāmhā, devā’’ti. ‘‘Dinno pana vā’’ti? ‘‘Gaṇhituṃ na icchatī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ kathesī’’ti? ‘‘‘Duggatānaṃ saṅgahaṃ karissāmī’ti āha, devā’’ti. ‘‘Tumhe kenākārena gatā’’ti. ‘‘Imināva, devā’’ti. Sakko ‘‘tumhādisiyo therassa piṇḍapātaṃ kiṃ dassantī’’ti sayaṃ dātukāmo hutvā, jarājiṇṇo mahallako khaṇḍadanto palitakeso otaggasarīro mahallakatanta vāyo hutvā sujampi devadhītaraṃ tathārūpameva mahallikaṃ katvā ekaṃ pesakāravīthiṃ māpetvā tantaṃ pasārento acchi.
长老也想:“我要去救济那些穷苦的人。”于是他朝城里走去,在城外就看见了那条街,仔细一看,见到了两个人。那时,帝释天神正撑着织布机,须阇正在转动纺锤。长老心想:“这两个人这么大年纪了还在干活。在这座城里,恐怕没有比他们更穷苦的人了。不管他们布施什么,哪怕是一点汤、一点菜,我都要接受,以此救济他们。”于是他就朝他们家走去。帝释天神看见他走过来,对须阇说:“夫人,咱们的长老往这边来了。你装作没看见,安安静静坐着,我们稍微骗他一下,再把抟食供养给他。”长老走过来,站在屋门口。他们俩也装作没看见,只管继续干自己的活,过了一会儿才迎上前来。巴利
Theropi ‘‘duggatānaṃ saṅgahaṃ karissāmī’’ti nagarābhimukho gacchanto bahinagare eva taṃ vīthiṃ disvā olokento dve jane addasa. Tasmiṃ khaṇe sakko tantaṃ pasāreti, sujā tasaraṃ vaṭṭeti. Thero cintesi – ‘‘ime mahallakakālepi kammaṃ karontiyeva imasmiṃ nagare imehi duggatatarā natthi maññe, imehi dinnaṃ uḷuṅkamattampi sākamattampi gahetvā imesaṃ saṅgahaṃ karissāmī’’ti. So tesaṃ gehābhimukho ahosi. Sakko taṃ āgacchantaṃ disvā sujaṃ āha – ‘‘bhadde, mayhaṃ ayyo ito āgacchati, tvaṃ apassantī viya tuṇhī hutvā nisīda, khaṇena theraṃ vañcetvā piṇḍapātaṃ dassāmā’’ti. Thero āgantvā gehadvāre aṭṭhāsi. Tepi apassantā viya attano kammameva karontā thokaṃ āgamiṃsu.
这时帝释说:“屋门口站着一位长老,你先去看看吧。”须阇说:“夫君,您去看看吧。”帝释便从屋里出来,以五处着地的方式礼敬了长老,双手扶着膝盖,呻吟着站起身来,稍稍退开一点,说:“不知是哪位尊者?”又说:“我的眼睛被烟熏得难受。”便把手搭在额头上,抬头望了望,说:“哎呀,真苦啊!原来是我们的尊者大迦叶长老。过了这么久才来到我这小屋门前,家里还有点什么吗?”须阇装出有点慌乱的样子,回答说:“有的,夫君。”帝释说:“尊者,别管是粗劣还是精美,请接受我们的供养。”便接过了钵。长老心想:“不管他们给的是青菜还是碎米饭,我都接受,以此悲悯他们。”便把钵递了过去。帝释走进屋内,从一个罐子里舀出罐饭,装满钵,放在长老手中。这份团食配有多种汤和菜肴,香气弥漫了整个王舍城。巴利
Atha sakko ‘‘gehadvāre eko thero viya ṭhito, upadhārehi tāvā’’ti āha. ‘‘Gantvā upadhāretha, sāmī’’ti. So gehā nikkhamitvā theraṃ pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā ubhohi hatthehi jaṇṇukāni olambitvā nitthunanto uṭṭhāya ‘‘kataro thero nu kho ayyo’’ti thokaṃ osakkitvā ‘‘akkhīni me dhūmāyantī’’ti vatvā nalāṭe hatthaṃ ṭhapetvā uddhaṃ oloketvā ‘‘aho dukkhaṃ, ayyo no mahākassapatthero cirassaṃ me kuṭidvāraṃ āgato, atthi nu kho kiñci gehe’’ti āha. Sujā thokaṃ ākulaṃ viya hutvā ‘‘atthi, sāmī’’ti paṭivacanaṃ adāsi. Sakko, ‘‘bhante, lūkhaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vāti acintetvā saṅgahaṃ no karothā’’ti pattaṃ gaṇhi. Thero ‘‘etehi dinnaṃ sākaṃ vā hotu kuṇḍakamuṭṭhi vā, saṅgahaṃ nesaṃ karissāmī’’ti pattaṃ adāsi. So antogharaṃ pavisitvā ghaṭiodanaṃ nāma ghaṭiyā uddharitvā pattaṃ pūretvā therassa hatthe ṭhapesi. So ahosi piṇḍapāto anekasūpabyañjano, sakalaṃ rājagahanagaraṃ gandhena ajjhotthari.
那时,长老心想:“这个人看起来没什么势力,可这钵食却有大威力,简直像帝释天神的食物一样,这人到底是谁?”随后他认出那是帝释,便说:“你做了一件很严重的事。你剥夺了困苦者的福报。今天某个困苦的人要是把这份布施给了你,本来可以得到将军之位或长者之位。”帝释说:“尊者,没有比我更困苦的人了。”长老问:“你享受着天界的王权之乐,为什么说自己是困苦的呢?”帝释回答:“尊者,话虽如此,我在没有佛出世的时候曾造过善业。而在佛陀出世的时候,小车主天子、大车主天子、种种容色天子这三位与我同等的天子,也因造了善业而投生在我附近,但他们比我更有威光。当这些天子带着天女们说‘我们来玩星宿游戏吧’,并下到街道上时,我就只好逃跑,躲进屋里。因为他们身上的光芒会盖过我的身体,而我身上的光芒却盖不过他们的。正因为这样,我才说‘没有比我更困苦的人了’,尊者。”长老便说:“即便如此,从今往后,再不要用这种欺骗的方式向我布施了。”帝释问:“用欺骗的方式向您布施,对我来说是有善业,还是没有善业呢?”长老说:“有的,贤者。”帝释说:“既然这样,那么造善业就是我的责任了,尊者。”他这样说完,礼敬了长老,拿起勺子,右绕长老一圈,然后腾空而起,说出这样的感叹:“啊,这布施真是最上的布施,在迦叶佛面前善加建立啊!”因此才说——巴利
Tadā thero cintesi – ‘‘ayaṃ puriso appesakkho, piṇḍapāto mahesakkho, sakkassa bhojanasadiso, ko nu kho eso’’ti. Atha naṃ ‘‘sakko’’ti ñatvā āha – ‘‘bhāriyaṃ te kammaṃ kataṃ duggatānaṃ sampattiṃ vilumpantena, ajja mayhaṃ dānaṃ datvā kocideva duggato senāpatiṭṭhānaṃ vā seṭṭhiṭṭhānaṃ vā labheyyā’’ti. ‘‘Mayā duggatataro natthi, bhante’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ kāraṇā tvaṃ duggato devaloke rajjasiriṃ anubhavanto’’ti? ‘‘Bhante, evaṃ nāmetaṃ, mayā pana anuppanne buddhe kalyāṇakammaṃ kataṃ, buddhuppāde vattamāne kalyāṇakammaṃ katvā cūḷarathadevaputto mahārathadevaputto anekavaṇṇadevaputtoti ime tayo samānadevaputtā mama āsannaṭṭhāne nibbattā, mayā tejavantatarā. Ahañhi tesu devaputtesu ‘nakkhattaṃ kīḷissāmā’ti paricārikāyo gahetvā antaravīthiṃ otiṇṇesu palāyitvā gehaṃ pavisāmi. Tesañhi sarīrato tejo mama sarīraṃ ottharati, mama sarīrato tejo tesaṃ sarīraṃ na ottharati, ‘ko mayā duggatataro, bhante’ti. ‘Evaṃ santepi ito paṭṭhāya mayhaṃ mā evaṃ vañcetvā dānamadāsī’’’ti. ‘‘Vañcetvā tumhākaṃ dāne dinne mayhaṃ kusalaṃ atthi, na atthī’’ti? ‘‘Atthāvuso’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ sante kusalakammakaraṇaṃ nāma mayhaṃ bhāro, bhante’’ti. So evaṃ vatvā theraṃ vanditvā sujaṃ gahetvā theraṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā ‘‘aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ kassape suppatiṭṭhita’’nti udānaṃ udānesi. Tena vuttaṃ –
有一次,世尊住在王舍城的竹林精舍,那里是给松鼠施食的地方。那时,具寿大迦叶住在毕钵罗窟,进入某种禅定,结跏趺坐,一连坐了七天。七天过后,具寿大迦叶从那个禅定中出来。出定之后,具寿大迦叶这样想:我何不进入王舍城乞食呢。巴利
‘‘Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā mahākassapo pippaliguhāyaṃ viharati, sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisinno hoti aññataraṃ samādhiṃ samāpajjitvā. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo tassa sattāhassa accayena tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhāsi. Atha kho āyasmato mahākassapassa tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhitassa etadahosi – ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya paviseyya’’nti.
那时,大约有五百位天神正忙着想让具寿大迦叶得到钵食。可是,具寿大迦叶拒绝了那五百位天神,在上午时分穿好下衣,拿着钵和衣,进入王舍城乞食。巴利
‘‘Tena kho pana samayena pañcamattāni devatāsatāni ussukkaṃ āpannāni honti āyasmato mahākassapassa piṇḍapātapaṭilābhāya. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo tāni pañcamattāni devatāsatāni paṭikkhipitvā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi.
那时,帝释天神——诸天神的统领——想给具寿大迦叶供养钵食。他化作织工的模样在织布,阿修罗少女须阇在装填梭子。这时,具寿大迦叶在王舍城挨家挨户次第乞食,来到了帝释天神的住处。帝释天神远远看见具寿大迦叶走来,看见后便从家里出来,迎上前去,从他手中接过钵,回到屋里,从锅里盛出米饭装满钵,供养给具寿大迦叶。那份钵食有多种汤汁、多种菜肴、多种风味。这时,具寿大迦叶心里想:“这到底是谁,有这样的神通威力?”接着,具寿大迦叶知道“这是帝释天神”,便对帝释天神说:“憍尸迦,这件事你做了,以后不要再这样做了。”帝释天神回答:“尊者迦叶,我们也需要福德,我们也应该修福德。”巴利
‘‘Tena kho pana samayena sakko devānamindo āyasmato mahākassapassa piṇḍapātaṃ dātukāmo hoti. Pesakāravaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā tantaṃ vināti, sujā asurakaññā tasaraṃ pūreti. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo rājagahe sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caramāno yena sakkassa devānamindassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami, addasā kho sakko devānamindo āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ, disvā gharā nikkhamitvā paccuggantvā hatthato pattaṃ gahetvā gharaṃ pavisitvā ghaṭiyā odanaṃ uddharitvā pattaṃ pūretvā āyasmato mahākassapassa adāsi. So ahosi piṇḍapāto anekasūpo anekabyañjano anekarasabyañjano. Atha kho āyasmato mahākassapassa etadahosi – ‘ko nu kho ayaṃ satto, yassāyaṃ evarūpo iddhānubhāvo’ti. Atha kho āyasmato mahākassapassa etadahosi – ‘sakko kho ayaṃ devānamindo’ti viditvā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca – ‘kataṃ kho te idaṃ, kosiya, mā punapi evarūpamakāsī’’’ti. ‘‘Amhākampi, bhante kassapa, puññena attho, amhākampi puññena karaṇīya’’nti.
这时,帝释天神向尊者大迦叶顶礼,右绕致敬后,腾身升上虚空,在天空中、虚空里,三遍发出感叹:“啊!布施,这是无上的布施,在迦叶这里已稳稳地种下了!啊!布施,这是无上的布施,在迦叶这里已稳稳地种下了!啊!布施,这是无上的布施,在迦叶这里已稳稳地种下了!”巴利
‘‘Atha kho sakko devānamindo āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe tikkhattuṃ udānaṃ udānesi – ‘aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ kassape suppatiṭṭhitaṃ, aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ kassape suppatiṭṭhitaṃ, aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ kassape suppatiṭṭhita’’’nti (udā. 27).
这时,世尊正站在精舍里,听到那个声音后,就叫来比丘们说:“比丘们,你们看,帝释天神发出感叹后,正从空中走过。”比丘们问:“尊者,他做了什么?”世尊说:“他以欺骗的方式,把食物供养给我的儿子迦叶;供养之后心里欢喜,就一边发出感叹一边走了。”比丘们又问:“尊者,他怎么知道可以向长老供养食物呢?”世尊说:“比丘们,像我儿子这样的行乞食者,连诸天神和人类都会羡慕。”说完,世尊自己也发出了感叹。不过在经文里,只说到这些——巴利
Atha kho bhagavā vihāre ṭhito eva tassa taṃ saddaṃ sutvā bhikkhū āmantetvā – ‘‘passatha , bhikkhave, sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ udānaṃ udānetvā ākāsena gacchanta’’nti āha. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tena kataṃ, bhante’’ti? ‘‘Vañcetvā tena mayhaṃ puttassa kassapassa piṇḍapāto dinno, taṃ datvā tuṭṭhamānaso udānaṃ udānento gacchatī’’ti. ‘‘Therassa piṇḍapātaṃ dātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti kathaṃ, bhante, tena ñātanti. ‘‘Bhikkhave, mama puttena sadisaṃ nāma piṇḍapātikaṃ devāpi manussāpi pihayantīti vatvā sayampi udānaṃ udāne’’si. Sutte pana etthakameva āgataṃ –
世尊以清净、超越人间的天耳界,听到帝释天神腾空而起,在天空、半空中三遍发出感叹:“啊,布施!无上的布施,在迦叶那里已善加建立!啊,布施!无上的布施,在迦叶那里已善加建立!啊,布施!无上的布施,在迦叶那里已善加建立!”巴利
‘‘Assosi kho bhagavā dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya sakkassa devānamindassa vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe tikkhattuṃ udānaṃ udānentassa ‘‘aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ kassape suppatiṭṭhitaṃ, aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ kassape suppatiṭṭhitaṃ, aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ kassape suppatiṭṭhita’’nti (udā. 27).
那时,世尊了知此义,便在那时发出这样的感兴语:巴利
Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
“ 对于常行乞食的比丘,
靠自己养活自己,不抚养别人;
天人亦羡如是之人,
寂静恒常具念者。”巴利
‘‘Piṇḍapātikassa bhikkhuno, Attabharassa anaññaposino; Devā pihayanti tādino, Upasantassa sadā satīmato’’ti. (udā. 27);
世尊说完这首感兴偈之后,又说:“比丘们,帝释天神——诸天神的统领,因为我儿子的戒香而来,供养了钵食。”接着说出这首偈颂:巴利
Imañca pana udānaṃ udānetvā, ‘‘bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo mama puttassa sīlagandhena āgantvā piṇḍapātaṃ adāsī’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
“ 这香气不散乱,即此多伽罗香与栴檀香;
而持戒者的戒香,在诸天神之中飘散,是最殊胜的。”巴利
‘‘Appamatto ayaṃ gandho, yvāyaṃ tagaracandanaṃ; Yo ca sīlavataṃ gandho, vāti devesu uttamo’’ti.
在这里,“微小”是指范围很小。而“持戒者的戒香”是说,持戒者的戒香不像多伽罗香或红栴檀香那样微弱,而是极其广大、遍满。正是因为这个原因,所以说它“在诸天中最上地吹拂”,意思是它成为最殊胜、最上等的香,在诸天神和人类中到处吹拂,遍覆一切而流行。巴利
Tattha appamattoti parittappamāṇo. Yo ca sīlavatanti yo pana sīlavantānaṃ sīlagandho, so tagaraṃ viya lohitacandanaṃ viya ca parittako na hoti, ativiya uḷāro vipphārito. Teneva kāraṇena vāti devesu uttamoti pavaro seṭṭho hutvā devesu ca manussesu ca sabbatthameva vāyati, ottharanto gacchatīti.
开示结束时,许多人证得了入流果等果位。这次开示给大众带来了利益。巴利
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pattā. Desanā mahājanassa sātthikā jātāti.
11. 瞿低迦长老般涅槃的故事巴利
11. Godhikattheraparinibbānavatthu
导师住在王舍城附近的竹林精舍时,以瞿低迦长老的般涅槃为缘,宣说了这则法教:“那些具足戒者……”巴利
Tesaṃsampannasīlānanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā rājagahaṃ upanissāya veḷuvane viharanto godhikattherassa parinibbānaṃ ārabbha kathesi.
这位具寿长老住在仙吞山侧的黑岩时,不放逸、热诚、心向解脱,证得了暂时的心解脱,后来因为一种反复发作的痼疾的影响,又从那里退失了。他第二次、第三次,一直到第六次,都是生起禅那后又退失。到第七次,他生起禅那后想:“我已经六次从禅那退失了。退失禅那的人,未来的趣向是不定的。我现在就用刀结束生命吧。”于是他拿起剃刀,为了割断喉咙,躺在了五块石头上。魔罗知道了他的心思,想:“这位比丘想自杀。可是拿刀自杀的人,对生命已经无所留恋,他们如果开始修观,也能证得阿拉汉果。我要是直接去拦他,他不会听我的话。我应该让世尊去拦他。”于是魔罗化作一个陌生人的样子,来到世尊面前,这样说道:巴利
So hi āyasmā isigilipasse kāḷasilāyaṃ viharanto appamatto ātāpī pahitatto sāmāyikaṃ cetovimuttiṃ phusitvā ekassa anussāyikassa rogassa vasena tato parihāyi. So dutiyampi tatiyampi chakkhattuṃ jhānaṃ nibbattetvā parihīno, sattame vāre uppādetvā cintesi – ‘‘ahaṃ chakkhattuṃ jhānā parihīno, parihīnajjhānassa kho pana aniyatā gati, idāneva satthaṃ āharissāmī’’ti kesoropanasatthakaṃ gahetvā galanāḷiṃ chindituṃ pañcake nipajji. Māro tassa cittaṃ ñatvā ‘‘ayaṃ bhikkhu satthaṃ āharitukāmo, satthaṃ āharantā kho pana jīvite nirapekkhā honti, te vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā arahattampi pāpuṇanti, sacāhaṃ etaṃ vāressāmi, na me vacanaṃ karissati, satthāraṃ vārāpessāmī’’ti aññātakavesena satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā evamāha –
大雄啊,大智慧者,您以神通与名声光辉闪耀;
超越一切怨敌与恐惧者啊,我顶礼具眼者的双足。
大雄啊,降伏死亡者,您的弟子渴慕死亡、心念死亡;
持光辉者啊,请制止他。
“ 世尊啊,您那爱乐教法的弟子,
未得所愿的有学圣者,为何竟要舍命?世人已闻其名。”巴利
‘‘Mahāvīra mahāpañña, iddhiyā yasasā jalaṃ; Sabbaverabhayātīta, pāde vandāmi cakkhuma. ‘‘Sāvako te mahāvīra, maraṇaṃ maraṇābhibhū; Ākaṅkhati cetayati, taṃ nisedha jutindhara. ‘‘Kathañhi bhagavā tuyhaṃ, sāvako sāsane rato; Appattamānaso sekkho, kālaṃ kayirā jane sutā’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.159);
就在那个瞬间,长老已经拿起了刀。导师知道“这是魔罗”,便说了这首偈颂——巴利
Tasmiṃ khaṇe therena satthaṃ āharitaṃ hoti. Satthā ‘‘māro aya’’nti viditvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
“ 智者确实就是这样做的,他们不贪恋生命。
瞿低迦把渴爱连根拔除,已经寂灭。”巴利
‘‘Evañhi dhīrā kubbanti, nāvakaṅkhanti jīvitaṃ; Samūlaṃ taṇhamabbuyha, godhiko parinibbuto’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.159);
那时,世尊和许多比丘一起,去了长老动刀自尽后躺卧的地方。就在那一刻,魔变成像烟堆、像暗影一样,在各方到处寻找长老的识:“这个结生识到底安立在哪里?”世尊把那片烟暗的样子指给比丘们看,然后说:“比丘们,这个魔正在寻找良家子瞿低迦的识:‘良家子瞿低迦的识安立在哪里?’比丘们,良家子瞿低迦已经以无所安立的识而般涅槃了。”魔罗看不到他的识安立之处,就变成童子的模样,拿着一把苍白的孟加拉苹果树琴,来到导师面前问道:巴利
Atha kho bhagavā sambahulehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ therassa satthaṃ āharitvā nipannaṭṭhānaṃ agamāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe māro pāpimā ‘‘kattha nu kho imassa paṭisandhiviññāṇaṃ patiṭṭhita’’nti dhūmarāsi viya timirapuñjo viya ca hutvā sabbadisāsu therassa viññāṇaṃ samanvesati. Bhagavā taṃ dhūmatimirabhāvaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dassetvā ‘‘eso kho, bhikkhave, māro pāpimā godhikassa kulaputtassa viññāṇaṃ samanvesati ‘kattha godhikassa kulaputtassa viññāṇaṃ patiṭṭhita’nti. Apatiṭṭhitena ca, bhikkhave, viññāṇena godhiko kulaputto parinibbuto’’ti āha. Māropi tassa viññāṇaṭṭhānaṃ daṭṭhuṃ asakkonto kumārakavaṇṇo hutvā beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ ādāya satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchi –
“ 上方、下方和横向,各方与隅方,我
我到处找,却怎么也找不到——那个瞿低迦,他到底去了哪里?”巴利
‘‘Uddhaṃ adho ca tiriyaṃ, disā anudisā svahaṃ; Anvesaṃ nādhigacchāmi, godhiko so kuhiṃ gato’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.159);
这时,导师对他说:巴利
Atha naṃ satthā āha –
那位智者、具足坚毅、修禅者、常乐于禅定;
日夜不停地精勤修行,不贪恋生命。
“ 战胜了死魔的军队,不再回到新的生命。
把渴爱连同它的根一起拔掉,瞿低迦已经寂灭了。”巴利
‘‘Yo dhīro dhitisampanno, jhāyī jhānarato sadā; Ahorattaṃ anuyuñjaṃ, jīvitaṃ anikāmayaṃ. ‘‘Jetvāna maccuno senaṃ, anāgantvā punabbhavaṃ; Samūlaṃ taṇhamabbuyha, godhiko parinibbuto’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.159);
如是说已,邪恶的魔罗用偈颂对世尊说:巴利
Evaṃ vutte māro pāpimā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“ 那个被忧愁压住的人,琵琶从他腋下掉了下来;
那个夜叉于是满心不快,就在那里消失了。”巴利
‘‘Tassa sokaparetassa, vīṇā kacchā abhassatha; Tato so dummano yakkho, tatthevantaradhāyathā’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.159);
世尊也说:“邪恶者,你何必在意良家子弟瞿低迦转生到哪里?像你这样的人,就算有一百个、一千个,也见不到他转生之处。”说完这话,便说出这首偈颂:巴利
Satthāpi ‘‘kiṃ te, pāpima, godhikassa kulaputtassa nibbattaṭṭhānena? Tassa hi nibbattaṭṭhānaṃ tumhādisānaṃ satampi sahassampi daṭṭhuṃ na sakkotī’’ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
“ 那些戒行圆满、安住于不放逸的人,
以正智解脱的人,魔罗找不到他们的道路。”巴利
‘‘Tesaṃ sampannasīlānaṃ, appamādavihārinaṃ; Sammadaññā vimuttānaṃ, māro maggaṃ na vindatī’’ti.
在这里,“对于他们”是指:就像良家子瞿低迦以无所依住的识而般涅槃,以及那些这样般涅槃的人,也就是那些戒行圆满的人。“住于不放逸”是指:以称为“念不远离”的不放逸而安住的人。“以正智解脱”是指:通过因、理、缘由而了知之后,以五种解脱——即“彼分断解脱、镇伏解脱、正断解脱、止息解脱、出离解脱”——而解脱的人。“魔罗找不到他们的道路”是指:对于这样的大漏尽者,魔罗即使竭尽全力去寻找他们的道路,也找不到、得不到、看不见他们已走的道路。巴利
Tattha tesanti yathā appatiṭṭhitena viññāṇena godhiko kulaputto parinibbuto, ye ca evaṃ parinibbāyanti, tesaṃ sampannasīlānanti paripuṇṇasīlānaṃ. Appamādavihārinanti satiavippavāsasaṅkhātena appamādena viharantānaṃ. Sammadaññā vimuttānanti hetunā ñāyena kāraṇena jānitvā ‘‘tadaṅgavimuttiyā, vikkhambhanavimuttiyā, samucchedavimuttiyā, paṭippassaddhivimuttiyā, nissaraṇavimuttiyā’’ti imāhi pañcahi vimuttīhi vimuttānaṃ. Māro maggaṃ na vindatīti evarūpānaṃ mahākhīṇāsavānaṃ sabbathāmena maggantopi māro gatamaggaṃ na vindati na labhati na passatīti.
开示结束时,许多人证得了入流果等果位。这场开示给大众带来了真实的利益。巴利
Desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pattā. Desanā mahājanassa sātthikā jātāti.
12. 加拉哈丁那事巴利
12. Garahadinnavatthu
导师住在祇园时,针对一个名叫加拉哈丁那的尼干陀弟子,宣说了这部法教,标题叫《在这一条件之所》。巴利
Yathāsaṅkāraṭṭhānasminti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto garahadinnaṃ nāma nigaṇṭhasāvakaṃ ārabbha kathesi.
在舍卫城,有西里古陀和加拉哈丁那两位朋友。其中,西里古陀是居士、佛陀的弟子,加拉哈丁那则是尼干陀的弟子。那些尼干陀经常这样对加拉哈丁那说:“你去跟你朋友西里古陀说:‘你干嘛要去亲近沙门乔达摩?在他那里能得到什么?’让他像来亲近我们一样,也来供养我们应得的东西。你这样去劝劝他,有什么不合适的?”加拉哈丁那听了他们的话,就经常跑过去,在西里古陀站着、坐着等地方这样劝他:“朋友,你要沙门乔达摩干什么?去亲近他能得到什么?你干嘛不到我们这里来,来亲近我的尊长们,给他们布施呢?”西里古陀听了他的话,好多天都沉默不语,后来实在厌烦了。有一天,他说:“朋友,你老是跑到我站着、坐着的地方来说:‘去亲近沙门乔达摩能得到什么?来我尊长这里,给他们布施吧。’那你先跟我说说,你的那些尊长到底知道些什么?”他说:“哎呀,主人,别这么说。我的尊长们没有什么是不知道的。过去、未来、现在的一切,一切身业、语业、意业,什么会发生、什么不会发生,一切可能和不可能的事,他们全都知道。”西里古陀说:“你是这么说的?”他回答:“是的,我是这么说的。”西里古陀说:“如果是这样,那你可真是做了件很严重的事,这么长时间都不告诉我这件事。今天我才知道你的尊长们的智慧威力。去吧,朋友,用我的名义去邀请你的尊长们。”他就去到尼干陀那里,礼敬他们之后说:“我的朋友西里古陀邀请你们明天来应供。”他们问:“是西里古陀亲自对你说的吗?”他回答:“是的,尊长们。”他们欢喜踊跃地说:“我们的事成了!从西里古陀对我们生起信心那一刻起,还有什么福报不会属于我们呢?”巴利
Sāvatthiyañhi sirigutto ca garahadinno cāti dve sahāyakā ahesuṃ. Tesu sirigutto upāsako buddhasāvako, garahadinno nigaṇṭhasāvako . Taṃ nigaṇṭhā abhikkhaṇaṃ evaṃ vadanti – ‘‘tava sahāyakaṃ siriguttaṃ ‘kiṃ tvaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ upasaṅkamasi, tassa santike kiṃ labhissasī’ti vatvā yathā amhe upasaṅkamitvā amhākañca deyyadhammaṃ dassati, kiṃ evaṃ ovadituṃ na vaṭṭatī’’ti. Garahadinno tesaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā abhikkhaṇaṃ gantvā ṭhitanisinnaṭṭhānādīsu siriguttaṃ evaṃ ovadati – ‘‘samma, kiṃ te samaṇena gotamena, taṃ upasaṅkamitvā kiṃ labhissasi, kiṃ te mama, ayye, upasaṅkamitvā tesaṃ dānaṃ dātuṃ na vaṭṭatī’’ti? Sirigutto tassa kathaṃ sutvāpi bahū divase tuṇhī hutvā nibbijjitvā ekadivasaṃ, ‘‘samma, tvaṃ abhikkhaṇaṃ āgantvā maṃ ṭhitaṭṭhānādīsu evaṃ vadesi, ‘samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ upasaṅkamitvā kiṃ labhissasi, mama, ayye, upasaṅkamitvā tesaṃ dānaṃ dehī’ti, kathehi tāva me, tava, ayyā, kiṃ jānantī’’ti? ‘‘‘Aho, sāmi, mā evaṃ vada, mama ayyānaṃ aññātaṃ nāma natthi, sabbaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ sabbaṃ kāyavacīmanokammaṃ idaṃ bhavissati, idaṃ na bhavissatī’ti sabbaṃ bhabbābhabbaṃ jānantī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ vadesī’’ti. ‘‘Āma, vademī’’ti. ‘‘Yadi evaṃ, atibhāriyaṃ te kataṃ, ettakaṃ kālaṃ mayhaṃ etamatthaṃ anācikkhantena, ajja mayā ayyānaṃ ñāṇānubhāvo ñāto, gaccha, samma, ayye, mama vacanena nimantehī’’ti. So nigaṇṭhānaṃ santikaṃ gantvā te vanditvā ‘‘mayhaṃ sahāyako sirigutto svātanāya tumhe nimantetī’’ti āha. ‘‘Siriguttena sāmaṃ tvaṃ vutto’’ti? ‘‘Āma, ayyā’’ti. Te haṭṭhatuṭṭhā hutvā ‘‘nipphannaṃ no kiccaṃ, siriguttassa amhesu pasannakālato paṭṭhāya kā nāma sampatti amhākaṃ na bhavissatī’’ti vadiṃsu.
西里古陀也有一座大宅子。他让人在两座房子中间挖了一条长坑,里面灌满了粪泥。在坑外两边,他叫人钉下木桩,在木桩上绑好绳子,然后把座椅的前腿放在坑的前边,后腿搁在绳子上。他心里盘算着:“这样他们一坐下来,就会头朝下栽进去。”为了让坑看不出来,他又叫人把坐垫铺在座位上。他还让人摆了许多大瓮,用芭蕉叶和白粗布把瓮口封住,其实里面空空的,只是在瓮的外面涂上粥、饭粒、芝麻油、蜂蜜、糖浆和糕饼碎末,然后放在房子的后面。加拉哈丁那一早就急忙赶到他家,问道:“给圣者们准备的供养都备好了吗?”回答说:“是的,朋友,都备好了。”“那在哪里呢?”“在这些瓮里——这么多瓮装的是粥,这么多瓮装的是饭,这么多瓮装满了芝麻油、糖浆、糕饼等。座位也都铺好了。”他说了声“好”就走了。他走后,五百位尼干陀来了。西里古陀走出家门,以五体投地之礼顶礼尼干陀们,然后在他们面前合掌站定,心里这样想:“听说你们能了知过去、未来等一切事情,这是你们的侍者告诉我的。如果你们真的一切都知道,那就别进我家。因为进了我家,你们连粥都没有,更别说饭了。如果你们不知道还进来,我就让你们掉进粪坑里,再痛打一顿。”这样想好后,他给手下人使了个眼色。等知道他们已经坐下的姿势后,他从后面站着,叫人把座位上的坐垫抽走,免得那些坐垫被脏东西弄污。巴利
Siriguttassāpi mahantaṃ nivesanaṃ. So tasmiṃ dvinnaṃ gehānaṃ antare ubhato dīghaṃ āvāṭaṃ khaṇāpetvā gūthakalalassa pūrāpesi. Bahiāvāṭe dvīsu pariyantesu khāṇuke koṭṭāpetvā tesu rajjuyo bandhāpetvā āsanānaṃ purimapāde āvāṭassa purimapasse ṭhapāpetvā pacchimapāde rajjukesu ṭhapāpesi. ‘‘Evaṃ nisinnakāle evaṃ avaṃsirā patissantī’’ti maññamāno yathā āvāṭo na paññāyati, evaṃ āsanānaṃ upari paccattharaṇāni dāpesi. Mahantā mahantā cāṭiyo ṭhapāpetvā kadalipaṇṇehi ca setapilotikāhi ca mukhāni bandhāpetvā tā tucchā eva gehassa pacchimabhāge bahi yāgubhattasitthasappitelamadhuphāṇitapūvacuṇṇamakkhitā katvā ṭhapāpesi. Garahadinno pātova tassa gharaṃ vegena gantvā, ‘‘ayyānaṃ sakkāro sajjito’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Āma, samma, sajjito’’ti. ‘‘Kahaṃ pana eso’’ti. ‘‘Etāsu ettikāsu cāṭīsu yāgu, ettikāsu bhattaṃ, ettikāsu sappiphāṇitapūvādīni pūritāni, āsanāni paññattānī’’ti. So ‘‘sādhū’’ti vatvā gato tassa gatakāle pañcasatā nigaṇṭhā āgamiṃsu. Sirigutto gehā nikkhamitvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena nigaṇṭhe vanditvā tesaṃ purato añjaliṃ paggayha ṭhito evaṃ cintesi – ‘‘tumhe kira atītādibhedaṃ sabbaṃ jānātha, evaṃ tumhākaṃ upaṭṭhākena mayhaṃ kathitaṃ. Sace sabbaṃ tumhe jānātha, mayhaṃ gehaṃ mā pavisittha. Mama gehaṃ paviṭṭhānañhi vo neva yāgu atthi, na bhattādīni. Sace ajānitvā pavisissatha, gūthaāvāṭe vo pātetvā pothessāmī’’ti evaṃ cintetvā purisānaṃ saññaṃ adāsi. Evaṃ tesaṃ nisīdanabhāvaṃ ñatvā pacchimapasse ṭhatvā āsanānaṃ upari paccattharaṇāni apaneyyātha, mā tāni asucinā makkhayiṃsūti.
这时,他对尼干陀们说:“尊者,请到这边来。”尼干陀们进了屋,就开始在铺设好的座位上坐下来。于是人们对他们说:“请等一下,尊者,先别坐。” “为什么?” “进入我们家里,要先了解对圣者们该行的礼节,然后才能坐。” “那该怎么做呢,贤友?” “请各位各自站在自己座位的脚边,然后所有人同时一起坐下,这样才合规矩。” 其实他心里的打算是:“等他们全都掉进同一个坑里时,就没法开口叫剩下的人不要坐了。” 他们说了声“好”,心想:“我们就照这些人说的做。” 于是所有人都依次站在自己座位的脚边。接着人们对他们说:“尊者,请快点一起同时坐下。” 等察觉到他们已经坐下去,众人立刻把座位上的覆盖物抽走。尼干陀们同时一坐,搁在绳索上的座脚滑脱了,尼干陀们便头朝下栽进了坑里。他们掉下去后,西里古陀关上大门,对那些拼命往上爬的人说:“你们为什么不知道过去、未来、现在的事呢?”一边用棍子打他们,一边说:“这些对他们已经够了。”然后叫人把门打开。他们出来后就开始逃跑。西里古陀又让人在他们逃跑的路上,把用石灰打磨法处理过的地面弄得滑溜。他们在那里站不稳,一个个摔倒,他又把他们打了一顿,说:“对你们来说,这样就够了。”然后把他们赶走。他们哭着说:“被你害惨了,被你害惨了!”一路哭喊着走到那位施主的家门口。巴利
Atha nigaṇṭhe ‘‘ito etha, bhante’’ti āha. Nigaṇṭhā pavisitvā paññattāsanesu nisīdituṃ ārabhiṃsu. Atha ne manussā vadiṃsu – ‘‘āgametha, bhante, mā tāva nisīdathā’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ kāraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Amhākaṃ gehaṃ paviṭṭhānaṃ ayyānaṃ vattaṃ ñatvā nisīdituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati, āvuso’’ti? ‘‘Attano attano pattāsanamūlesu ṭhatvā sabbepi ekappahāreneva nisīdituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. Idaṃ kirassa adhippāyo – ‘‘ekasmiṃ āvāṭe patite ‘mā, āvuso, avasesā āsane nisīdantū’ti vattuṃ mā labhatū’’ti. Te ‘‘sādhū’’ti vatvā ‘‘imehi kathitakathaṃ amhehi kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintayiṃsu. Atha sabbe attano attano pattāsanamūle paṭipāṭiyā aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha ne, ‘‘bhante, khippaṃ ekappahāreneva nisīdathā’’ti vatvā tesaṃ nisinnabhāvaṃ ñatvā āsanānaṃ upari paccattharaṇāni nīhariṃsu. Nigaṇṭhā ekappahāreneva nisinnā, rajjūnaṃ upari ṭhapitā āsanapādā bhaṭṭhā, nigaṇṭhā avaṃsirā āvāṭe patiṃsu. Sirigutto tesu patitesu dvāraṃ pidahitvā te uttiṇṇuttiṇṇe ‘‘atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ kasmā na jānāthā’’ti daṇḍehi pāthetvā ‘‘ettakaṃ etesaṃ vaṭṭissatī’’ti dvāraṃ vivarāpesi. Te nikkhamitvā palāyituṃ ārabhiṃsu. Gamanamagge pana tesaṃ sudhāparikammakataṃ bhūmiṃ picchilaṃ kārāpesi. Te tattha asaṇṭhahitvā patite patite puna pothāpetvā ‘‘alaṃ ettakaṃ tumhāka’’nti uyyojesi. Te ‘‘nāsitamhā tayā, nāsitamhā tayā’’ti kandantā upaṭṭhākassa gehadvāraṃ agamaṃsu.
加拉哈丁那看到这场灾祸,气得不行,心想:“我的尊长们被西里古陀害惨了!我的尊长们本是值得布施的福田,连天人所在的整个世界,只要有人合掌向他们礼敬,他们都能随自己的意愿给人们布施。可这位尊者却把他们打了一顿,害他们遭了殃。”于是他跑到王宫,让国王罚了西里古陀一千个铜钱。国王随后派人传话给西里古陀。西里古陀去了,向国王行礼后说:“大王,请您先调查清楚再罚款,别没调查就罚。”国王说:“我会调查清楚再收。”他说:“好的,大王。”国王就说:“那就收罚款吧。”西里古陀说:“大王,我有个朋友,是尼干陀的弟子,他常在我站着或坐着的时候跑过来对我说:‘朋友,你跟那个沙门乔达摩有什么关系?你去亲近他能得到什么?’”
西里古陀把整件事的来龙去脉都禀告了国王,然后说:“大王,如果因为这件事该罚款,那您就罚吧。”国王看着加拉哈丁那,问:“你真的说过这样的话吗?”他回答:“是的,大王。”国王说:“你自己连这么点事都不知道,还到处说自己的老师什么都知道。你凭什么对如来的弟子说‘一切都知道’?你想加在别人身上的罚款,就让你自己来承担吧!”就这样,加拉哈丁那自己被罚了款,那些常受他供养的尼干陀们也被打了一顿,赶了出去。巴利
Garahadinno taṃ vippakāraṃ disvā kuddho ‘‘nāsitamhi siriguttena, hatthaṃ pasāretvā vandantānaṃ sadevake loke yathāruciyā dātuṃ samatthe nāma puññakkhettabhūte mama, ayye , pothāpetvā byasanaṃ pāpesī’’ti rājakulaṃ gantvā tassa kahāpaṇasahassaṃ daṇḍaṃ kāresi. Athassa rājā sāsanaṃ pesesi. So gantvā rājānaṃ vanditvā, ‘‘deva, upaparikkhitvā daṇḍaṃ gaṇhatha, mā anupaparikkhitvā’’ti āha. ‘‘Upaparikkhitvā gaṇhissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, devā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi gaṇhāhī’’ti. Deva, mayhaṃ sahāyako nigaṇṭhasāvako maṃ upasaṅkamitvā ṭhitanisinnaṭṭhānādīsu abhiṇhaṃ evaṃ vadesi – ‘‘samma, kiṃ te samaṇena gotamena, taṃ upasaṅkamitvā kiṃ labhissasī’’ti idaṃ ādiṃ katvā sirigutto sabbaṃ taṃ pavattiṃ ārocetvā ‘‘deva, sace imasmiṃ kāraṇe daṇḍaṃ gahetuṃ yuttaṃ, gaṇhathā’’ti. Rājā garahadinnaṃ oloketvā ‘‘saccaṃ kira te evaṃ vutta’’nti āha. ‘‘Saccaṃ, devā’’ti. Tvaṃ ettakampi ajānante satthāroti gahetvā vicaranto ‘‘sabbaṃ jānantī’’ti kiṃ kāraṇā tathāgatasāvakassa kathesi. ‘‘Tayā āropitadaṇḍo tuyhameva hotū’’ti evaṃ sveva daṇḍaṃ pāpito, tasseva kulūpakā pothetvā nīhaṭā.
他因为这件事对西里古陀很生气,从那以后,整整半个月都不跟西里古陀说话。后来他心想:“我这样下去不合适,我也该让他的那些常受供养者遭殃。”于是他去见西里古陀,说:“朋友西里古陀。”“什么事,朋友?”“亲戚朋友之间也会有争吵和争执,你怎么什么都不说呢?你为什么要这样?”“朋友,是你不跟我说话,所以我才不说。”“朋友,过去的事就过去了,我们不要断了交情。”从那以后,两个人又一起站、一起坐。有一天,西里古陀对加拉哈丁那说:“你跟那些尼干陀有什么意思?你去亲近他们能得到什么?去亲近我的导师,或者向圣者们布施,对你有什么不合适的呢?”这话正合他的心意,就像在痒处用指甲挠一样。他就问:“西里古陀,你的导师知道什么?”西里古陀说:“喂,别这么说。我的导师没有什么是不知道的。过去、未来等一切他都知道,他能用十六种方式看透众生的心。”加拉哈丁那说:“这些我竟然不知道,你为什么不早点告诉我?那你去邀请你的导师明天来,我要供养他和五百位比丘,请他接受我的供食。”巴利
So taṃ kujjhitvā tato paṭṭhāya aḍḍhamāsamattampi siriguttena saddhiṃ akathetvā cintesi – ‘‘evaṃ vicarituṃ mayhaṃ ayuttaṃ, etassa kulūpakānampi mayā byasanaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti siriguttaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āha – ‘‘sahāya siriguttā’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ, sammā’’ti? ‘‘Ñātisuhajjānaṃ nāma kalahopi hoti vivādopi, kiṃ tvaṃ kiñci na kathesi, kasmā evaṃ karosī’’ti? ‘‘Samma, tava mayā saddhiṃ akathanato na kathemī’’ti. ‘‘Yaṃ, samma, kataṃ, katameva taṃ na mayaṃ mettiṃ bhindissāmā’’ti. Tato paṭṭhāya ubhopi ekaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhanti nisīdanti . Athekadivasaṃ sirigutto garahadinnaṃ āha – ‘‘kiṃ te nigaṇṭhehi, te upasaṅkamitvā kiṃ labhissasi, mama satthāraṃ upasaṅkamituṃ vā ayyānaṃ dānaṃ dātuṃ vā kiṃ te na vaṭṭatī’’ti? Sopi etameva paccāsīsati, tenassa kaṇḍuvanaṭṭhāne nakhena vilekhitaṃ viya ahosi. So, ‘‘sirigutta, tava satthā kiṃ jānātī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Ambho, mā evaṃ vada, satthu me ajānitabbaṃ nāma natthi, atītādibhedaṃ sabbaṃ jānāti, soḷasahākārehi sattānaṃ cittaṃ paricchindatī’’ti. ‘‘Ahaṃ evaṃ na jānāmi, kasmā mayhaṃ ettakaṃ kālaṃ na kathesi, tena hi tvaṃ gaccha, tava satthāraṃ svātanāya nimantehi, bhojessāmi, pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ mama bhikkhaṃ gaṇhituṃ vadehī’’ti.
西里古陀走到世尊面前,礼敬之后这样说:“尊者,我的朋友加拉哈丁那让我来邀请您。他说,请世尊明天和五百位比丘一起接受他的供养。不过,前几天我对他的常受供者做了那样的事,我不知道他是不是为了报复我做的事,也不知道他是不是真的以清净心想要布施。请世尊考虑一下,如果合适就接受,如果不合适就不要接受。”世尊心想:“他到底想对我们做什么?”于是观察,看到:“他让人在两座房子之间挖了一个大坑,运来大约八十车的金合欢木柴,填满后点火,想把我们掉进火炭坑里加以陷害。”世尊又观察:“去那里有没有意义,能不能带来利益?”接着看到:“我会把脚伸到火炭坑上方,盖在上面的席子会消失,火炭坑会裂开,升起一朵车轮那么大的大莲花。然后我会踩着莲花蕊,坐到座位上。五百位比丘也会同样前往坐下。大众会聚集起来。在那个集会上,我会用两首偈颂作随喜。随喜结束时,会有八万四千众生得法现观,西里古陀和加拉哈丁那会成为入流者,还会把大量财富散布在教法中。依靠这位善男子,我有必要前往。”于是世尊答应接受供养。巴利
Sirigutto satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā evamāha – ‘‘bhante, mama sahāyako garahadinno tumhe nimantāpeti, pañcahi kira bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ sve tassa bhikkhaṃ gaṇhatha, purimadivase kho pana tassa kulūpakānaṃ mayā idaṃ nāma kataṃ, mayā katassa paṭikaraṇampi na jānāmi, tumhākaṃ suddhacittena bhikkhaṃ dātukāmatampi na jānāmi, āvajjetvā yuttaṃ ce, adhivāsetha. No ce, mā adhivāsayitthā’’ti. Satthā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho so amhākaṃ kātu kāmo’’ti āvajjetvā addasa ‘‘dvinnaṃ gehānaṃ antare mahantaṃ āvāṭaṃ khaṇāpetvā asītisakaṭamattāni khadiradārūni āharāpetvā pūrāpetvā aggiṃ datvā amhe aṅgāraāvāṭe pātetvā niggaṇhitukāmo’’ti. Puna āvajjesi – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho tattha gatapaccayā attho atthi, natthī’’ti. Tato idaṃ addasa – ‘‘ahaṃ aṅgāraāvāṭe pādaṃ pasāressāmi, taṃ paṭicchādetvā ṭhapitakilañjaṃ antaradhāyissati, aṅgārakāsuṃ bhinditvā cakkamattaṃ mahāpadumaṃ uṭṭhahissati, athāhaṃ padumakaṇṇikā akkamanto āsane nisīdissāmi, pañcasatā bhikkhūpi tatheva gantvā nisīdissanti, mahājano sannipatissati, ahaṃ tasmiṃ samāgame dvīhi gāthāhi anumodanaṃ karissāmi, anumodanapariyosāne caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo bhavissati, sirigutto ca garahadinno ca sotāpannā bhavissanti, attano ca dhanarāsiṃ sāsane vikirissanti, imaṃ kulaputtaṃ nissāya mayā gantuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti bhikkhaṃ adhivāsesi.
西里古陀去了之后,把世尊答应受供的事告诉了加拉哈丁那,说:“你去给这位世间最尊贵的人设供养吧。”加拉哈丁那心想:“现在我知道该怎么做了。”他叫人挖了一个大坑,就在两间屋子中间,又让人运来大约八十车金合欢木柴,填满大坑,点上火,再叫人整夜吹风,烧成一大堆金合欢火炭。然后他叫人把木板铺在坑面上,盖上席子,涂上牛粪,又在一边铺了些脆弱的细棍,做成一条路,心里盘算:“等他们一个个踩上去,细棍一断,就会翻转身掉进火炭坑里。”在屋子后面,他完全按照西里古陀先前交代的样子摆好了缸,座位也照样铺好。西里古陀一早来到他家,问:“朋友,供养都准备好了吗?”“准备好了,朋友。”“在哪儿呢?”“来,我带你去看。”他就把一切都按当初西里古陀所指示的样子展示出来。西里古陀说:“很好,朋友。”这时大众都聚集起来了。因为是邪见者发出的邀请,集会非常盛大。那些持邪见的人也聚过来,心想:“我们要看沙门乔达摩出丑。”持正见的人也聚过来,心想:“今天导师要开演大法,我们要见识佛陀的境界和佛陀的威神变化。”巴利
Sirigutto gantvā satthu adhivāsanaṃ garahadinnassa ārocetvā ‘‘lokajeṭṭhassa sakkāraṃ karohī’’ti āha. Garahadinno ‘‘idānissa kattabbayuttakaṃ jānissāmī’’ti dvinnaṃ gehānaṃ antare mahantaṃ āvāṭaṃ khaṇāpetvā asītisakaṭamattāni khadiradārūni āharāpetvā pūrāpetvā aggiṃ datvā khadiraṅgārarāsīnaṃ yojāpetvā sabbarattiṃ dhamāpetvā khadiraṅgārarāsiṃ kārāpetvā āvāṭamatthake rukkhapadarāni ṭhapāpetvā kilañjena paṭicchādetvā gomayena limpāpetvā ekena passena dubbaladaṇḍake attharitvā gamanamaggaṃ kāresi, ‘‘evaṃ akkantaakkantakāle daṇḍakesu bhaggesu parivaṭṭetvā aṅgārakāsuyaṃ patissantī’’ti maññamāno gehapacchābhāge siriguttena ṭhapitaniyāmeneva cāṭiyo ṭhapāpesi, āsanānipi tatheva paññāpesi. Sirigutto pātova tassa gehaṃ gantvā ‘‘kato te, samma, sakkāro’’ti āha. ‘‘Āma, sammā’’ti. ‘‘Kahaṃ pana so’’ti? ‘‘Ehi, passāmā’’ti sabbaṃ siriguttena dassitanayeneva dassesi. Sirigutto ‘‘sādhu, sammā’’ti āha. Mahājano sannipati. Micchādiṭṭhikena hi nimantite mahanto sannipāto ahosi. Micchādiṭṭhikāpi ‘‘samaṇassa gotamassa vippakāraṃ passissāmā’’ti sannipatanti, sammādiṭṭhikāpi ‘‘ajja satthā mahādhammadesanaṃ desessati, buddhavisayaṃ buddhalīlaṃ upadhāressāmā’’ti sannipatanti.
第二天,导师和五百位比丘一起来到加拉哈丁那的家门口。加拉哈丁那从屋里出来,以五体投地的方式礼敬后,站在前面合掌,心里盘算:“尊者,听说你们能了知过去等一切事情,还能用十六种方式看透众生的心。这是你们的侍者告诉我的。如果你们真有这样的本事,就别进我家。因为进了门,既没有粥,也没有饭食等东西,我还要把你们全都推进火炭坑里弄死。”这样想完,他接过导师的钵,说:“请这边来,世尊。”接着又说:“尊者,来我家的人,得先知道规矩再进来。”导师问:“贤友,该怎么做呢?”他说:“要一个一个进去,等前面的人走到里面坐下后,后面的人才能进。”他心里的算盘是:“看到前面的人掉进火炭坑,剩下的人就不会再来了。我一个一个地把他们弄进去害掉。”导师说:“好。”便独自一人往前走。加拉哈丁那走到火炭坑旁边,退到一边站着,说:“请往前走,尊者。”这时,导师把脚伸到火炭坑上方,席子立刻消失,火炭坑裂开,冒出车轮那么大的莲花。导师踩着莲花蕊走过去,坐在铺设好的佛座上,比丘们也照样走过去坐下。加拉哈丁那顿时全身像被火烧一样,懊恼不已。巴利
Punadivase satthā pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ garahadinnassa gehadvāraṃ agamāsi. So gehā nikkhamitvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā purato añjaliṃ paggayha ṭhito cintesi – ‘‘bhante, ‘tumhe kira atītādibhedaṃ sabbaṃ jānātha, sattānaṃ soḷasahākārehi cittaṃ paricchindathā’ti evaṃ tumhākaṃ upaṭṭhākena mayhaṃ kathitaṃ. Sace jānātha, mayhaṃ gehaṃ mā pavisittha. Paviṭṭhānañhi vo neva yāgu atthi, na bhattādīni, sabbe kho pana tumhe aṅgārakāsuyaṃ pātetvā niggaṇhissāmī’’ti. Evaṃ cintetvā satthu pattaṃ gahetvā ‘‘ito etha bhagavā’’ti vatvā, ‘‘bhante, amhākaṃ gehaṃ āgatānaṃ vattaṃ ñatvā āgantuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti āha. ‘‘Kiṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati, āvuso’’ti? ‘‘Ekekassa pavisitvā purato gantvā nisinnakāle pacchā aññena āgantuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. Evaṃ kirassa ahosi – ‘‘purato gacchantaṃ aṅgārakāsuyaṃ patitaṃ disvā avasesā na āgacchissanti, ekekameva pātetvā niggaṇhissāmī’’ti. Satthā ‘‘sādhū’’ti vatvā ekakova pāyāsi. Garahadinno aṅgārakāsuṃ patvā apasakkitvā ṭhito ‘‘purato yātha, bhante’’ti āha. Atha satthā aṅgārakāsumatthake pādaṃ pasāresi, kilañjaṃ antaradhāyi, aṅgārakāsuṃ bhinditvā cakkamattāni padumāni uṭṭhahiṃsu . Satthā padumakaṇṇikā akkamanto gantvā paññatte buddhāsane nisīdi, bhikkhūpi tatheva gantvā nisīdiṃsu. Garahadinnassa kāyato ḍāho uṭṭhahi.
他赶紧跑去找西里古陀,说:“主人,请您保护我。”西里古陀问:“怎么回事?”他说:“五百位比丘在我家里,可家里没有粥,也没有饭之类的食物,我该怎么办?”西里古陀问:“那你做了什么?”他说:“我让人在两间屋子中间挖了一个大火坑,填满炭火,心想:把他们推进去弄死。”他说:“可那火坑裂开了,冒出很大的莲花。他们全都踩着莲花蕊走过去,坐在铺好的座位上。主人,现在我该怎么办?”西里古陀说:“你刚才不是还跟我说‘有这么多罐粥,这么多罐饭’之类的话吗?”他说:“主人,那是骗您的,那些罐子全是空的。”西里古陀说:“算了,你去看看那些罐子里有没有粥之类的食物。”就在那一刻,凡是先前被说成装粥的罐子,都装满了粥;凡是先前被说成装饭之类的罐子,也都装满了饭食。看到这样的奇迹,加拉哈丁那全身充满了喜悦和欢欣,心生净信。他恭恭敬敬地供养了以佛陀为首的比丘僧团。饭后,他想请世尊作随喜,便接过钵。世尊作随喜时说:“这些众生正是因为缺少慧眼,才不了解我弟子们和佛陀教法的功德。缺少慧眼的人,就叫盲人;有智慧的人,才叫有眼的人。”说完,世尊说了这些偈颂:巴利
So vegena gantvā siriguttaṃ upasaṅkamitvā, ‘‘sāmi, me tāṇaṃ hohī’’ti āha. ‘‘Kiṃ eta’’nti? ‘‘Pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ gehe yāgu vā bhattādīni vā natthi, kiṃ nu kho karomī’’ti? ‘‘Kiṃ pana tayā kata’’nti āha. Ahaṃ dvinnaṃ gehānaṃ antare mahantaṃ āvāṭaṃ aṅgārassa pūraṃ kāresiṃ – ‘‘tattha pātetvā niggaṇhissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Atha naṃ bhinditvā mahāpadumāni uṭṭhahiṃsu. Sabbe padumakaṇṇikā akkamitvā gantvā paññattāsanesu nisinnā, idāni kiṃ karomi, sāmī’’ti? Nanu tvaṃ idāneva mayhaṃ ‘‘‘ettikā cāṭiyo, ettikā yāgu, ettakāni sattādīnī’ti dassesī’’ti. ‘‘Musā taṃ, sāmi, tucchāva cāṭiyo’’ti. Hotu, ‘‘gaccha, tāsu cāṭīsu yāguādīni olokehī’’ti. Taṃ khaṇaññeva tena yāsu cāṭīsu ‘‘yāgū’’ti vuttaṃ, tā yāguyā pūrayiṃsu, yāsu ‘‘bhattādīnī’’ti vuttaṃ, tā bhattādīnaṃ paripuṇṇāva ahesuṃ. Taṃ sampattiṃ disvāva garahadinnassa sarīraṃ pītipāmojjena paripūritaṃ, cittaṃ pasannaṃ. So sakkaccaṃ buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ parivisitvā katabhattakiccassa satthuno anumodanaṃ kāretukāmo pattaṃ gaṇhi. Satthā anumodanaṃ karonto ‘‘ime sattā paññācakkhuno abhāveneva mama sāvakānaṃ buddhasāsanassa guṇaṃ na jānanti. Paññācakkhuvirahitā hi andhā nāma, paññavanto sacakkhukā nāmā’’ti vatvā imā gāthā abhāsi –
就像在被丢弃于大路边的垃圾堆里,
在那里,会生出一朵莲花,香气清净,令人心生欢喜。巴利
‘‘Yathā saṅkāradhānasmiṃ, ujjhitasmiṃ mahāpathe; Padumaṃ tattha jāyetha, sucigandhaṃ manoramaṃ.
“ 如处秽聚之中、盲暗凡夫众里,
正自觉者弟子以智慧光耀超胜。”巴利
‘‘Evaṃ saṅkārabhūtesu, andhabhūte puthujjane; Atirocati paññāya, sammāsambuddhasāvako’’ti.
在这里,“垃圾堆”指堆放垃圾的地方,也就是一堆污秽之物。“弃于大路上”指被扔在主干道上。“芳香”指好闻的香气。“令意欢喜”是说心在这里感到愉悦,所以叫令人愉悦。“如垃圾一般”指像垃圾一样。“凡夫”是因为能生出种种烦恼而得名,指世间的普通大众。这段话的意思是:就像在大路旁丢弃的垃圾堆里,那地方肮脏、可厌、令人反感,却可能长出芬芳的莲花。这莲花让国王、大臣等人觉得愉悦、可爱、称心,值得放在头顶上。同样地,虽然出生在如垃圾一般的凡夫之中,出现在无智慧、无眼力的普通大众之间,但他凭自己的智慧之力,看到诸欲的过患和出离的功德,于是出家;仅仅因为出家这件事,乃至更进一步成就戒、定、慧、解脱、解脱知见,他仍然光耀超胜。因为正自觉者的弟子——漏已尽的比丘,确实超越了那些如同盲人般的凡夫,光耀、辉煌、庄严。巴利
Tattha saṅkāradhānasminti saṅkāraṭhānasmiṃ, kacavararāsimhīti attho. Ujjhitasmiṃ mahāpatheti mahāmagge chaḍḍitasmiṃ. Sucigandhanti surabhigandhaṃ. Mano ettha ramatīti manoramaṃ. Saṅkārabhūtesūti saṅkāramiva bhūtesu. Puthujjaneti puthūnaṃ kilesānaṃ jananato evaṃladdhanāme lokiyamahājane. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā nāma mahāpathe chaḍḍite saṅkārarāsimhi asucijegucchiyapaṭikūlepi sucigandhaṃ padumaṃ jāyetha, taṃ rājarājamahāmattādīnaṃ manoramaṃ piyaṃ manāpaṃ uparimatthake patiṭṭhānārahameva bhaveyya, evameva saṅkārabhūtesupi puthujjanesu jāto nippaññassa mahājanassa acakkhukassa antare nibbattopi attano paññābalena kāmesu ādīnavaṃ, nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ disvā nikkhamitvā pabbajito pabbajjāmattenapi, kato uttariṃ sīlasamādhipaññāvimuttivimuttiñāṇadassanāni ārādhetvāpi atirocati. Sammāsambuddhasāvako hi khīṇāsavo bhikkhu andhabhūte puthujjane atikkamitvā rocati virocati sobhatīti.
说法结束时,八万四千众生通达了法。迦罗诃丁那和尸利瞿陀证得入流果。他们把全部财产都散施在佛陀的教法中。导师从座位起身,前往精舍。傍晚时分,比丘们在法堂里议论起来:“哎呀,佛陀的功德真是不可思议!竟然能破开那样一座金合欢火炭堆,让莲花涌出来。”导师来到后问:“比丘们,你们现在聚在这里谈论什么?”他们回答:“就是在说这件事。”导师说:“比丘们,如今我已成佛,从火炭堆里涌出莲花,这不算稀奇;往昔我还是菩萨、智慧尚未成熟时,也曾有莲花涌出。”比丘们请求说:“导师,请为我们讲述那时候的事。”于是导师引述了过去的事情——巴利
Desanāvasāne caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Garahadinno ca sirigutto ca sotāpattiphalaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Te sabbaṃ attano dhanaṃ buddhasāsane vippakiriṃsu. Satthā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāramagamāsi. Bhikkhū sāyanhasamaye dhammasabhāyaṃ kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ – ‘‘aho acchariyā buddhaguṇā nāma, tathārūpaṃ nāma khadiraṅgārarāsiṃ bhinditvā padumāni uṭṭhahiṃsū’’ti. Satthā āgantvā ‘‘kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā’’ti pucchitvā, ‘‘imāya nāmā’’ti vutte – ‘‘anacchariyaṃ, bhikkhave, yaṃ mama etarahi buddhabhūtassa aṅgārarāsimhā padumāni uṭṭhitāni, aparipakke ñāṇe vattamānassa bodhisattabhūtassapi me uṭṭhahiṃsū’’ti vatvā, ‘‘kadā, bhante, ācikkhatha no’’ti yācito atītaṃ āharitvā –
“ 我宁愿头朝下、脚朝上地堕入地狱。
我不会做违背圣道的事,来吧,请受用这团食物。”巴利
‘‘Kāmaṃ patāmi nirayaṃ, uddhaṃpādo avaṃsiro; Nānariyaṃ karissāmi, handa piṇḍaṃ paṭiggahā’’ti. (jā. 1.1.40) –
详细讲述了这部《金合欢炭火本生》之后,他这样说道。巴利
Idaṃ khadiraṅgārajātakaṃ vitthāretvā kathesīti.
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