8. 正勤分别
8. Sammappadhānavibhaṅgo
全篇 51 段
一、经分别
1. Suttantabhājanīyaṃ
390四正勤──于此,比丘为了未生起的恶不善法不生起,生起欲,努力,发起精进,策励心,勤奋;为了已生起的恶不善法断除,生起欲,努力,发起精进,策励心,勤奋;为了未生起的善法生起,生起欲,努力,发起精进,策励心,勤奋;为了已生起的善法住立、不忘失、增长、广大、修习、圆满,生起欲,努力,发起精进,策励心,勤奋。
Cattāro sammappadhānā – idha bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati, uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati, anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati, uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati.
391比丘如何为了未生起的恶不善法不生起,生起欲,努力,发起精进,策励心,勤奋?于此,什么是未生起的恶不善法?三不善根──贪、嗔、痴。以及与彼同类相属的诸烦恼。与彼相应的受蕴、想蕴、行蕴、识蕴,由彼所生的身业、语业、意业──这些被称为“未生起的恶不善法”。如此,为了这些未生起的恶不善法不生起,生起欲,努力,发起精进,策励心,勤奋。
Kathañca bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati? Tattha katame anuppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā? Tīṇi akusalamūlāni – lobho, doso, moho. Tadekaṭṭhā ca kilesā. Taṃsampayutto vedanākkhandho, saññākkhandho, saṅkhārakkhandho, viññāṇakkhandho, taṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ kāyakammaṃ vacīkammaṃ manokammaṃ – ime vuccanti ‘‘anuppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā’’. Iti imesaṃ anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati.
392“生起欲”──于此,什么是欲?凡是欲、欲性、想要作的状态、善法欲──这被称为“欲”。生起此欲,令生起,使生起,令出生,生出,令生出。因此说“生起欲”。
Chandaṃ janetīti. Tattha katamo chando? Yo chando chandikatā kattukamyatā kusalo dhammacchando – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘chando’’. Imaṃ chandaṃ janeti sañjaneti uṭṭhapeti samuṭṭhapeti nibbatteti abhinibbatteti. Tena vuccati ‘‘chandaṃ janetī’’ti.
393“努力”──于此,什么是努力?凡是心的精进发起……(中略)……正精进──这被称为“努力”。具备此努力,完全具备,到达,完全到达,具有,成就,具足。因此说“努力”。
Vāyamatīti. Tattha katamo vāyāmo? Yo cetasiko vīriyārambho…pe… sammāvāyāmo – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘vāyāmo’’. Iminā vāyāmena upeto hoti samupeto upāgato samupāgato upapanno sampanno samannāgato. Tena vuccati ‘‘vāyamatī’’ti.
394“发起精进”──于此,什么是精进?凡是心的精进发起……(中略)……正精进──这被称为“精进”。发起此精进,完全发起,亲近,修习,多作。因此说“发起精进”。
Vīriyaṃ ārabhatīti. Tattha katamaṃ vīriyaṃ? Yo cetasiko vīriyārambho…pe… sammāvāyāmo – idaṃ vuccati ‘‘vīriyaṃ’’. Imaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhati samārabhati āsevati bhāveti bahulīkaroti. Tena vuccati ‘‘vīriyaṃ ārabhatī’’ti.
395“策励心”:于此,什么是心?凡是心、意、意所……(中略)……彼所生意识界——这称为“心”。他策励此心、完全策励、支持、完全支持。因此说“策励心”。
Cittaṃ paggaṇhātīti. Tattha katamaṃ cittaṃ? Yaṃ cittaṃ mano mānasaṃ…pe… tajjāmanoviññāṇadhātu – idaṃ vuccati ‘‘cittaṃ’’. Imaṃ cittaṃ paggaṇhāti sampaggaṇhāti upatthambheti paccupatthambheti. Tena vuccati ‘‘cittaṃ paggaṇhātī’’ti.
396“勤奋”──于此,什么是勤?凡是心的精进发起……(中略)……正精进──这被称为“勤”。具备此勤……(中略)……具足。因此说“勤奋”。
Padahatīti. Tattha katamaṃ padhānaṃ? Yo cetasiko vīriyārambho…pe… sammāvāyāmo – idaṃ vuccati ‘‘padhānaṃ’’. Iminā padhānena upeto hoti…pe… samannāgato. Tena vuccati ‘‘padahatī’’ti.
397比丘如何为了已生起的诸恶不善法的断除而生欲、努力、发勤、策励心、精勤?于此,什么是已生起的诸恶不善法?三不善根──贪、嗔、痴。以及与彼同类相属的诸烦恼。与彼相应的受蕴、想蕴、行蕴、识蕴,由彼所生的身业、语业、意业──这些被称为“已生起的诸恶不善法”。如此,为了这些已生起的诸恶不善法的断除而生欲、努力、发勤、策励心、精勤。
Kathañca bhikkhu uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati? Tattha katame uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā? Tīṇi akusalamūlāni – lobho, doso, moho. Tadekaṭṭhā ca kilesā. Taṃsampayutto vedanākkhandho, saññākkhandho, saṅkhārakkhandho, viññāṇakkhandho, taṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ kāyakammaṃ vacīkammaṃ manokammaṃ – ime vuccanti ‘‘uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā’’. Iti imesaṃ uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati.
398生欲:于此,什么是欲?凡是欲、欲性、欲作性、善法欲——这被称为“欲”。他生此欲、令生、生起、令生起、产生、令产生。因此说“生欲”。
Chandaṃ janetīti. Tattha katamo chando? Yo chando chandikatā kattukamyatā kusalo dhammacchando – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘chando’’. Imaṃ chandaṃ janeti sañjaneti uṭṭhapeti samuṭṭhapeti nibbatteti abhinibbatteti. Tena vuccati ‘‘chandaṃ janetī’’ti.
399努力:于此,什么是努力?凡是心的精进发起……(中略)……正精进——这被称为“努力”。具备此努力……(中略)……具足。因此说“努力”。
Vāyamatīti. Tattha katamo vāyāmo? Yo cetasiko vīriyārambho…pe… sammāvāyāmo – ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘vāyāmo’’. Iminā vāyāmena upeto hoti…pe… samannāgato. Tena vuccati ‘‘vāyamatī’’ti.
400发勤:于此,什么是精进?凡是心的精进发起……(中略)……正精进——这被称为“精进”。他发起此精进、正发起、亲近、修习、多作。因此说“发勤”。
Vīriyaṃ ārabhatīti. Tattha katamaṃ vīriyaṃ? Yo cetasiko vīriyārambho…pe… sammāvāyāmo – idaṃ vuccati ‘‘vīriyaṃ’’. Imaṃ vīriyaṃ ārabhati samārabhati āsevati bhāveti bahulīkaroti. Tena vuccati ‘‘vīriyaṃ ārabhatī’’ti.
401“策励心”:于此,什么是心?凡是心、意、意所……(中略)……彼所生意识界——这称为“心”。他策励此心、完全策励、支持、完全支持。因此说“策励心”。
Cittaṃ paggaṇhātīti. Tattha katamaṃ cittaṃ? Yaṃ cittaṃ mano mānasaṃ…pe… tajjāmanoviññāṇadhātu – idaṃ vuccati ‘‘cittaṃ’’. Imaṃ cittaṃ paggaṇhāti sampaggaṇhāti upatthambheti paccupatthambheti. Tena vuccati ‘‘cittaṃ paggaṇhātī’’ti.
402精勤:于此,什么是勤?凡是心的精进发起……(中略)……正精进——这被称为“勤”。具备此勤……(中略)……具足。因此说“精勤”。
Padahatīti. Tattha katamaṃ padhānaṃ? Yo cetasiko vīriyārambho…pe… sammāvāyāmo – idaṃ vuccati ‘‘padhānaṃ’’. Iminā padhānena upeto hoti…pe… samannāgato. Tena vuccati ‘‘padahatī’’ti.
403比丘如何为了未生起的诸善法的生起而生欲、努力、发勤、策励心、精勤?于此,什么是未生起的诸善法?三善根——无贪、无嗔、无痴。与彼相应的受蕴、想蕴、行蕴、识蕴。由彼所生的身业、语业、意业——这些被称为“未生起的诸善法”。如此,为了这些未生起的诸善法的生起而生欲、努力、发勤、策励心、精勤。
Kathañca bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati? Tattha katame anuppannā kusalā dhammā? Tīṇi kusalamūlāni – alobho, adoso, amoho. Taṃsampayutto vedanākkhandho, saññākkhandho, saṅkhārakkhandho, viññāṇakkhandho. Taṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ kāyakammaṃ, vacīkammaṃ, manokammaṃ – ime vuccanti ‘‘anuppannā kusalā dhammā’’. Iti imesaṃ anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati.
404生欲……(中略)……努力……(中略)……发勤……(中略)……策励心……(中略)……精勤:于此,什么是勤?凡是心的精进发起……(中略)……正精进——这被称为“勤”。具备此勤……(中略)……具足。因此说“精勤”。
Chandaṃ janetīti…pe… vāyamatīti…pe… vīriyaṃ ārabhatīti…pe… cittaṃ paggaṇhātīti…pe… padahatīti. Tattha katamaṃ padhānaṃ? Yo cetasiko vīriyārambho …pe… sammāvāyāmo – idaṃ vuccati ‘‘padhānaṃ’’. Iminā padhānena upeto hoti…pe… samannāgato. Tena vuccati ‘‘padahatī’’ti.
405比丘如何对已生起的善法,为了住立、不失、增长、广大、修习、圆满而生欲、努力、发勤、策心、精勤?于此,什么是已生起的善法?三善根——无贪、无嗔、无痴。与其相应的受蕴、想蕴、行蕴、识蕴,由其所生的身业、语业、意业——这些被称为“已生起的善法”。如此,对这些已生起的善法,为了住立、不失、增长、广大、修习、圆满而生欲、努力、发勤、策心、精勤。
Kathañca bhikkhu uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati? Tattha katame uppannā kusalā dhammā? Tīṇi kusalamūlāni – alobho, adoso, amoho. Taṃsampayutto vedanākkhandho, saññākkhandho, saṅkhārakkhandho, viññāṇakkhandho , taṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ kāyakammaṃ vacīkammaṃ manokammaṃ – ime vuccanti ‘‘uppannā kusalā dhammā’’. Iti imesaṃ uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati.
406住立:住立即是不失,不失即是增长,增长即是广大,广大即是修习,修习即是圆满。
Ṭhitiyāti. Yā ṭhiti so asammoso, yo asammoso so bhiyyobhāvo , yo bhiyyobhāvo taṃ vepullaṃ, yaṃ vepullaṃ sā bhāvanā, yā bhāvanā sā pāripūrī.
407生欲:……努力:……发勤:……策心:……精勤:于此,什么是精勤?凡是心的勤奋发起……正精进——这被称为“精勤”。具备此精勤……具足。因此说“精勤”。
Chandaṃ janetīti…pe… vāyamatīti…pe… vīriyaṃ ārabhatīti…pe… cittaṃ paggaṇhātīti…pe… padahatīti. Tattha katamaṃ padhānaṃ? Yo cetasiko vīriyārambho…pe… sammāvāyāmo – idaṃ vuccati ‘‘padhānaṃ’’. Iminā padhānena upeto hoti…pe… samannāgato. Tena vuccati ‘‘padahatī’’ti.