11. 帝释相应显示巴利原文
11. Sakkasaṃyuttaṃ
苏维拉经显示巴利原文
1. Suvīrasuttaṃ
247 如是我闻:一时,世尊住舍卫城祇树给孤独园。于其处,世尊告诸比丘曰:“诸比丘。”那些比丘应世尊言:“尊者。”世尊如是说:显示巴利原文
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
诸比丘,过去久远之时,阿修罗向诸天发起了进攻。那时,诸比丘,帝释天对苏维拉天子说道:“苏维拉吾子,这些阿修罗正在进攻诸天。去吧,吾子苏维拉,前去迎战阿修罗。”诸比丘,苏维拉天子回答帝释天:“遵命,尊者。”之后,却陷于放逸之中。第二次,诸比丘,帝释天又对苏维拉天子说道:“苏维拉吾子,这些阿修罗正在进攻诸天。去吧,吾子苏维拉,前去迎战阿修罗。”诸比丘,苏维拉天子回答帝释天:“遵命,尊者。”之后,却再一次陷于放逸。第三次,诸比丘,帝释天再次对苏维拉天子说道:“苏维拉吾子,这些阿修罗正在进攻诸天。去吧,吾子苏维拉,前去迎战阿修罗。”诸比丘,苏维拉天子回答帝释天:“遵命,尊者。”之后,依然陷于放逸之中。那时,诸比丘,帝释天便以偈颂对苏维拉天子说道:显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, asurā deve abhiyaṃsu. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo suvīraṃ devaputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘ete, tāta suvīra, asurā deve abhiyanti. Gaccha, tāta suvīra, asure paccuyyāhī’ti. ‘Evaṃ bhaddantavā’ti kho, bhikkhave, suvīro devaputto sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā pamādaṃ āpādesi . Dutiyampi kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo suvīraṃ devaputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘ete, tāta suvīra, asurā deve abhiyanti. Gaccha, tāta suvīra, asure paccuyyāhī’ti. ‘Evaṃ bhaddantavā’ti kho, bhikkhave, suvīro devaputto sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā dutiyampi pamādaṃ āpādesi. Tatiyampi kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo suvīraṃ devaputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘ete, tāta suvīra, asurā deve abhiyanti. Gaccha, tāta suvīra, asure paccuyyāhī’ti . ‘Evaṃ bhaddantavā’ti kho, bhikkhave, suvīro devaputto sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā tatiyampi pamādaṃ āpādesi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo suvīraṃ devaputtaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
不奋起、不精勤,却能在那里得享安乐,
苏维拉,你去到那里,也将我带到那里去吧。'
懈怠之人不奋起,亦不尽其应作之事,
帝释天,请赐予我那个能圆满一切欲乐的恩惠!
懒惰而不精勤的人,在那里常享究竟的安乐;
苏维拉,你去那里,也把我带去那里吧。
帝释天,天中至尊,愿我们得到那不必劳作便能享有的快乐。
那无忧无恼的境界,帝释天啊,请以此作为愿望赐予我吧。
若真有任何人,能不劳而活于某处——
那正是通往涅槃之道,苏维罗,你当取道彼处;
也请将我一并带到那里吧。”
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Anuṭṭhahaṃ avāyāmaṃ, sukhaṃ yatrādhigacchati; Suvīra tattha gacchāhi, mañca tattheva pāpayā’’ti. ‘‘Alasvassa anuṭṭhātā, na ca kiccāni kāraye; Sabbakāmasamiddhassa, taṃ me sakka varaṃ disā’’ti. ‘‘Yatthālaso anuṭṭhātā, accantaṃ sukhamedhati; Suvīra tattha gacchāhi, mañca tattheva pāpayā’’ti. ‘‘Akammunā devaseṭṭha, sakka vindemu yaṃ sukhaṃ; Asokaṃ anupāyāsaṃ, taṃ me sakka varaṃ disā’’ti. ‘‘Sace atthi akammena, koci kvaci na jīvati; Nibbānassa hi so maggo, suvīra tattha gacchāhi; Mañca tattheva pāpayā’’ti.
诸比丘,你们且看——帝释天尚且受用自身福德果报,统领三十三天,为王统治,却仍称叹忍辱与柔和。诸比丘,于此处,你们既已在如此善说的法与律中出家,理当安忍柔和,如此方为庄严。显示巴利原文
‘‘So hi nāma, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo sakaṃ puññaphalaṃ upajīvamāno devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ issariyādhipaccaṃ rajjaṃ kārento khantisoraccassa vaṇṇavādī bhavissati. Idha kho taṃ, bhikkhave, sobhetha yaṃ tumhe evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā khamā ca bhaveyyātha soratā cā’’ti.
2. 须深经显示巴利原文
2. Susīmasuttaṃ
248 一时,世尊在舍卫城。世尊告诸比丘曰:“诸比丘!”比丘们应答:“尊者!”世尊如是说:显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
诸比丘,往昔,阿修罗兴兵向诸天进犯。那时,天帝释告须深天子说:“须深吾儿,阿修罗正向诸天进犯。去吧,须深吾儿,前去迎战阿修罗。”须深天子应诺:“是,尊者。”随后却陷于放逸。诸比丘,第二次,天帝释又告须深天子说:“须深吾儿,阿修罗正向诸天进犯。去吧,须深吾儿,前去迎战阿修罗。”须深天子应诺:“是,尊者。”再次陷于放逸。诸比丘,第三次,天帝释再告须深天子说:“须深吾儿,阿修罗正向诸天进犯。去吧,须深吾儿,前去迎战阿修罗。”须深天子应诺:“是,尊者。”依旧陷于放逸。诸比丘,于是天帝释以偈颂对须深天子说:显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, asurā deve abhiyaṃsu. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo susīmaṃ devaputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘ete, tāta susīma, asurā deve abhiyanti. Gaccha, tāta susīma, asure paccuyyāhī’ti. ‘Evaṃ bhaddantavā’ti kho, bhikkhave, susīmo devaputto sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā pamādaṃ āpādesi. Dutiyampi kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo susīmaṃ devaputtaṃ āmantesi…pe… dutiyampi pamādaṃ āpādesi. Tatiyampi kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo susīmaṃ devaputtaṃ āmantesi…pe… tatiyampi pamādaṃ āpādesi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo susīmaṃ devaputtaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
不奋进、不精勤,却能在那里获得快乐;
须深,你到那里去,把我也带到那里。
懒惰而不奋起,又不做该做的事,
一切欲乐都具足,帝释天,请赐给我这个恩惠。
在哪里,懒惰而不奋起的人能获得究竟的快乐,
须深,你到那里去,把我也带到那里。
帝释天,天中至尊,我们不劳而能获得的那种安乐,
“无忧、无恼——帝释天,请惠赐我这个恩惠吧。”
如果哪里真有不劳作而能活命的情形,
须深,那正是通往涅槃之道,你便往那里去吧;
那你也把我带去那里吧。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Anuṭṭhahaṃ avāyāmaṃ, sukhaṃ yatrādhigacchati; Susīma tattha gacchāhi, mañca tattheva pāpayā’’ti. ‘‘Alasvassa anuṭṭhātā, na ca kiccāni kāraye; Sabbakāmasamiddhassa, taṃ me sakka varaṃ disā’’ti. ‘‘Yatthālaso anuṭṭhātā, accantaṃ sukhamedhati; Susīma tattha gacchāhi, mañca tattheva pāpayā’’ti. ‘‘Akammunā devaseṭṭha, sakka vindemu yaṃ sukhaṃ; Asokaṃ anupāyāsaṃ, taṃ me sakka varaṃ disā’’ti. ‘‘Sace atthi akammena, koci kvaci na jīvati; Nibbānassa hi so maggo, susīma tattha gacchāhi; Mañca tattheva pāpayā’’ti.
“诸比丘,那位帝释天王,依着自己的福德果报而享有三十三天的自在与统治权,尚且成为精进与勤奋的赞叹者。诸比丘,你们在如此善说的法与律中出家,于此应当奋起、努力、精勤;为证所未得的、达所未证的、作证所未作证的,这才恰如其分。”显示巴利原文
‘‘So hi nāma, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo sakaṃ puññaphalaṃ upajīvamāno devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ issariyādhipaccaṃ rajjaṃ kārento uṭṭhānavīriyassa vaṇṇavādī bhavissati. Idha kho taṃ, bhikkhave, sobhetha, yaṃ tumhe evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā uṭṭhaheyyātha ghaṭeyyātha vāyameyyātha appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya, asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāyā’’ti.
幢顶经显示巴利原文
3. Dhajaggasuttaṃ
249 在舍卫城。那时,世尊对比丘们说:“比丘们!”“尊者!”那些比丘回应世尊。世尊这样说:显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ . Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti . ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
诸比丘,往昔,天神与阿修罗之间曾爆发一场大战。那时,诸比丘,天帝释对三十三天众说:显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, devāsurasaṅgāmo samupabyūḷho ahosi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo deve tāvatiṃse āmantesi –
诸贤,若临阵诸天心生恐惧、战栗或身毛竖立,当于是时仰望我幢顶。由仰望我幢顶故,所生起的任何恐惧、战栗或身毛竖立,皆得消除。显示巴利原文
‘Sace, mārisā, devānaṃ saṅgāmagatānaṃ uppajjeyya bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃso vā, mameva tasmiṃ samaye dhajaggaṃ ullokeyyātha. Mamañhi vo dhajaggaṃ ullokayataṃ yaṃ bhavissati bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃso vā, so pahīyissati’.
若不仰望我幢顶,则仰望生主天王幢顶。由仰望生主天王幢顶故,所生起的任何恐惧、战栗或身毛竖立,皆得消除。显示巴利原文
‘No ce me dhajaggaṃ ullokeyyātha, atha pajāpatissa devarājassa dhajaggaṃ ullokeyyātha. Pajāpatissa hi vo devarājassa dhajaggaṃ ullokayataṃ yaṃ bhavissati bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃso vā, so pahīyissati’.
若不仰望生主天王幢顶,则仰望婆留那天王幢顶。由仰望婆留那天王幢顶故,所生起的任何恐惧、战栗或身毛竖立,皆得消除。显示巴利原文
‘No ce pajāpatissa devarājassa dhajaggaṃ ullokeyyātha, atha varuṇassa devarājassa dhajaggaṃ ullokeyyātha. Varuṇassa hi vo devarājassa dhajaggaṃ ullokayataṃ yaṃ bhavissati bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃso vā, so pahīyissati’.
若不仰望婆留那天王的幢顶,便仰望伊沙那天王的幢顶。你们仰望伊沙那天王的幢顶时,所生起的恐惧、战栗或身毛竖立便会消失。显示巴利原文
‘No ce varuṇassa devarājassa dhajaggaṃ ullokeyyātha, atha īsānassa devarājassa dhajaggaṃ ullokeyyātha. Īsānassa hi vo devarājassa dhajaggaṃ ullokayataṃ yaṃ bhavissati bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃso vā, so pahīyissatī’’’ti.
然而,诸比丘,当仰望帝释天王、生主天王、婆留那天王或伊沙那天王的幢顶时,所生起的恐惧、战栗或身毛竖立,或许会消失,或许不会。显示巴利原文
‘‘Taṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, sakkassa vā devānamindassa dhajaggaṃ ullokayataṃ, pajāpatissa vā devarājassa dhajaggaṃ ullokayataṃ, varuṇassa vā devarājassa dhajaggaṃ ullokayataṃ, īsānassa vā devarājassa dhajaggaṃ ullokayataṃ yaṃ bhavissati bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃso vā, so pahīyethāpi nopi pahīyetha .
这是什么缘故呢?诸比丘,因为帝释天未离贪、未离嗔、未离痴,他畏怯、战栗、惊惶,遇事便逃。显示巴利原文
‘‘Taṃ kissa hetu? Sakko hi, bhikkhave, devānamindo avītarāgo avītadoso avītamoho bhīru chambhī utrāsī palāyīti.
然而,比丘们,我这样说:‘你们若到林野、树下或空屋,生起怖畏、恐惧或汗毛竖立,那时便应当忆念我:“彼世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。”比丘们,当你们忆念我时,无论生起什么怖畏、恐惧或汗毛竖立,都将被舍断。’显示巴利原文
‘‘Ahañca kho, bhikkhave, evaṃ vadāmi – ‘sace tumhākaṃ, bhikkhave, araññagatānaṃ vā rukkhamūlagatānaṃ vā suññāgāragatānaṃ vā uppajjeyya bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃso vā, mameva tasmiṃ samaye anussareyyātha – itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Mamañhi vo, bhikkhave, anussarataṃ yaṃ bhavissati bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃso vā, so pahīyissati.
如果你们未能忆念我,就忆念法:‘世尊所善说的法,是现见的、不待时的、来见可证的、导向涅槃的、智者各自内证的。’比丘们,当你们忆念法时,无论生起什么怖畏、恐惧或汗毛竖立,都将被舍断。显示巴利原文
‘‘No ce maṃ anussareyyātha, atha dhammaṃ anussareyyātha – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’ti. Dhammañhi vo, bhikkhave, anussarataṃ yaṃ bhavissati bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃso vā, so pahīyissati.
如果你们未能忆念法,就忆念僧:‘世尊的声闻僧团是善行道者,世尊的声闻僧团是正直行道者,世尊的声闻僧团是如理行道者,世尊的声闻僧团是正当行道者,也就是四双八辈,这就是世尊的声闻僧团,是应供养、应款待、应布施、应合掌礼敬的,是世间无上的福田。’比丘们,当你们忆念僧时,无论生起什么怖畏、恐惧或汗毛竖立,都将被舍断。显示巴利原文
‘‘No ce dhammaṃ anussareyyātha, atha saṅghaṃ anussareyyātha – ‘suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho ujuppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho ñāyappaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho sāmīcippaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, āhuneyyo pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’ti. Saṅghañhi vo, bhikkhave, anussarataṃ yaṃ bhavissati bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃso vā, so pahīyissati.
“那是什么原因呢?诸比丘,因为如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者,已离贪、离嗔、离痴,无所畏惧,毫不胆怯,从不惊惶,绝不退逃。”这是世尊所说。善逝如此说后,导师又接着说道——显示巴利原文
‘‘Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathāgato hi, bhikkhave, arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vītarāgo vītadoso vītamoho abhīru acchambhī anutrāsī apalāyī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
在林中、树下,或在空屋内,诸比丘,
你们应当忆念正自觉者,便不会有恐惧。
如果你们不忆念佛——那位世间最上者、人中最胜者;
那就忆念法——那导向出离、善巧开演的教法。
如果你们不忆念法——那导向出离、善巧开演的教法;
那就忆念僧,那无上的福田。
诸比丘,如此忆念佛、法、僧,
便不再有恐惧、惊惶,毛发也不会竖立。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Araññe rukkhamūle vā, suññāgāreva bhikkhavo; Anussaretha sambuddhaṃ, bhayaṃ tumhāka no siyā. ‘‘No ce buddhaṃ sareyyātha, lokajeṭṭhaṃ narāsabhaṃ; Atha dhammaṃ sareyyātha, niyyānikaṃ sudesitaṃ. ‘‘No ce dhammaṃ sareyyātha, niyyānikaṃ sudesitaṃ; Atha saṅghaṃ sareyyātha, puññakkhettaṃ anuttaraṃ. ‘‘Evaṃ buddhaṃ sarantānaṃ, dhammaṃ saṅghañca bhikkhavo; Bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā, lomahaṃso na hessatī’’ti.
4. 毗摩质多罗经显示巴利原文
4. Vepacittisuttaṃ
250 在舍卫城。诸比丘,往昔曾有一次,天人与阿修罗之间爆发了一场全面战争。那时,诸比丘,阿修罗王毗摩质多罗对阿修罗们说:‘贤友们,在天人与阿修罗的全面战争中,若阿修罗战胜、天人们落败,你们便以五道绳索系颈,将那天帝释绑缚至我面前的阿修罗城来。’诸比丘,天帝释亦对三十三天众说:‘贤友们,在天人与阿修罗的全面战争中,若天人们战胜、阿修罗落败,你们便以五道绳索系颈,将那阿修罗王毗摩质多罗绑缚至我面前的善法堂来。’诸比丘,在那场战斗中,天人们获得了胜利,阿修罗落败。于是,三十三天众以五道绳索系颈,将阿修罗王毗摩质多罗绑缚至天帝释面前的善法堂。诸比丘,在那里,阿修罗王毗摩质多罗身系五道绳索,每当天帝释出入善法堂时,便以粗恶、刺耳的言语攻击辱骂他。于是,车夫摩得利以偈颂对天帝释说:显示巴利原文
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ , bhikkhave, devāsurasaṅgāmo samupabyūḷho ahosi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo asure āmantesi – ‘sace, mārisā, devānaṃ asurasaṅgāme samupabyūḷhe asurā jineyyuṃ devā parājineyyuṃ , yena naṃ sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi bandhitvā mama santike āneyyātha asurapura’nti. Sakkopi kho, bhikkhave, devānamindo deve tāvatiṃse āmantesi – ‘sace, mārisā, devānaṃ asurasaṅgāme samupabyūḷhe devā jineyyuṃ asurā parājineyyuṃ, yena naṃ vepacittiṃ asurindaṃ kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi bandhitvā mama santike āneyyātha sudhammasabha’’’nti. Tasmiṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, saṅgāme devā jiniṃsu , asurā parājiniṃsu . Atha kho, bhikkhave, devā tāvatiṃsā vepacittiṃ asurindaṃ kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi bandhitvā sakkassa devānamindassa santike ānesuṃ sudhammasabhaṃ. Tatra sudaṃ, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi baddho sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ sudhammasabhaṃ pavisantañca nikkhamantañca asabbhāhi pharusāhi vācāhi akkosati paribhāsati. Atha kho, bhikkhave, mātali saṅgāhako sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
摩伽婆、帝释,您是出于恐惧、出于软弱,才如此容忍,
您竟能容忍毗摩质多罗当面说出这般粗恶之语吗?
我对毗摩质多罗的忍耐,并非出于恐惧,亦非出于软弱;
像我这样的智者,怎会与愚者纠缠争执呢?
我认为,制止愚人,正当如是:
了知对方已被激怒后,能以正念保持平静。
帝释天啊,我在忍耐中正见到这样一个过失:
当愚人这样想:‘他是出于害怕才容忍我’
愚痴者便会变本加厉,如同牛对逃跑者紧追不舍。
随他怎样想吧——‘他忍我,不过是出于恐惧。’
在一切利益中,自身利益最为殊胜,没有比忍辱更超胜的。
若强壮者能容忍弱小者,
他们称此为最上忍辱,因弱者常须忍耐。
若以愚者之力为力,他们说那实为无力;
有力量、为法所护的人,无人能敌。
那些不精通法的人,把正在治疗自他双方的人,
那些不善解法的人,才认为他是愚人。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Bhayā nu maghavā sakka, dubbalyā no titikkhasi; Suṇanto pharusaṃ vācaṃ, sammukhā vepacittino’’ti. ‘‘Nāhaṃ bhayā na dubbalyā, khamāmi vepacittino; Kathañhi mādiso viññū, bālena paṭisaṃyuje’’ti. ‘‘Bhiyyo bālā pabhijjeyyuṃ, no cassa paṭisedhako; Tasmā bhusena daṇḍena, dhīro bālaṃ nisedhaye’’ti. ‘‘Etadeva ahaṃ maññe, bālassa paṭisedhanaṃ; Paraṃ saṅkupitaṃ ñatvā, yo sato upasammatī’’ti. ‘‘Etadeva titikkhāya, vajjaṃ passāmi vāsava; Yadā naṃ maññati bālo, bhayā myāyaṃ titikkhati; Ajjhāruhati dummedho, gova bhiyyo palāyina’’nti. ‘‘Kāmaṃ maññatu vā mā vā, bhayā myāyaṃ titikkhati; Sadatthaparamā atthā, khantyā bhiyyo na vijjati. ‘‘Yo have balavā santo, dubbalassa titikkhati; Tamāhu paramaṃ khantiṃ, niccaṃ khamati dubbalo. ‘‘Abalaṃ taṃ balaṃ āhu, yassa bālabalaṃ balaṃ; Balassa dhammaguttassa, paṭivattā na vijjati. ‘‘Tasseva tena pāpiyo, yo kuddhaṃ paṭikujjhati; Kuddhaṃ appaṭikujjhanto, saṅgāmaṃ jeti dujjayaṃ. ‘‘Ubhinnamatthaṃ carati, attano ca parassa ca; Paraṃ saṅkupitaṃ ñatvā, yo sato upasammati. ‘‘Ubhinnaṃ tikicchantānaṃ, attano ca parassa ca; Janā maññanti bāloti, ye dhammassa akovidā’’ti.
“诸比丘,即便是帝释天——他享受着自所造福德之果,统领三十三天,于其中行使主权与王权——也如此称赞奋起与精勤。诸比丘,你们在如此善说的法与律中出家,此处更显光辉:为了证得未证得的,为了获得未获得的,为了体证未体证的,你们应当奋起、努力、精进。”显示巴利原文
‘‘So hi nāma, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo sakaṃ puññaphalaṃ upajīvamāno devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ issariyādhipaccaṃ rajjaṃ kārento uṭṭhānavīriyassa vaṇṇavādī bhavissati. Idha kho taṃ, bhikkhave, sobhetha, yaṃ tumhe evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā uṭṭhaheyyātha ghaṭeyyātha vāyameyyātha appattassa pattiyā, anadhigatassa adhigamāya, asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāyā’’ti.
5. 善说胜经显示巴利原文
5. Subhāsitajayasuttaṃ
251 世尊在舍卫城。诸比丘,往昔,天人与阿修罗之间曾爆发一场战争。那时,毗摩质多罗阿修罗王对帝释天说:“帝释天,我们就以善说来决胜负吧。”帝释天回答:“毗摩质多罗,就以善说来决胜负。”于是,诸比丘,天人和阿修罗各自安排了评判众,说道:“让这些人来辨别我们谁的偈颂精妙、谁的粗劣。”接着,毗摩质多罗阿修罗王对帝释天说:“帝释天,请你先说偈颂。”帝释天回应:“毗摩质多罗,你们在这里是天中前辈,还是请你先说。”诸比丘,如此被请,毗摩质多罗阿修罗王便说出此偈:显示巴利原文
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, devāsurasaṅgāmo samupabyūḷho ahosi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca – ‘hotu, devānaminda, subhāsitena jayo’ti. ‘Hotu, vepacitti, subhāsitena jayo’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, devā ca asurā ca pārisajje ṭhapesuṃ – ‘ime no subhāsitadubbhāsitaṃ ājānissantī’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, vepacittiṃ asurindo sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca – ‘bhaṇa, devānaminda, gātha’nti. Evaṃ vutte, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo vepacitti asurindaṃ etadavoca – ‘tumhe khvettha, vepacitti, pubbadevā. Bhaṇa, vepacitti, gātha’nti. Evaṃ vutte, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
‘‘Bhiyyo bālā pabhijjeyyuṃ, no cassa paṭisedhako; Tasmā bhusena daṇḍena, dhīro bālaṃ nisedhaye’’ti.
比丘们,毗摩质多罗阿修罗王说出这些偈颂后,阿修罗众随喜赞叹,而天众默然不语。于是毗摩质多罗阿修罗王对诸天之主帝释天说:“帝释天,请说偈颂吧。”听了这话,诸天之主帝释天便说出如下偈颂:显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhāsitāya kho pana, bhikkhave, vepacittinā asurindena gāthāya asurā anumodiṃsu, devā tuṇhī ahesuṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca – ‘bhaṇa, devānaminda, gātha’nti. Evaṃ vutte, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
‘‘Etadeva ahaṃ maññe, bālassa paṭisedhanaṃ; Paraṃ saṅkupitaṃ ñatvā, yo sato upasammatī’’ti.
诸比丘,帝释天说此偈已,诸天随喜,阿修罗众默然。随即,帝释天对阿修罗王毗摩质多罗说:“毗摩质多罗,你且诵偈。”如是语已,诸比丘,阿修罗王毗摩质多罗便诵出此偈:显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhāsitāya kho pana, bhikkhave, sakkena devānamindena gāthāya, devā anumodiṃsu, asurā tuṇhī ahesuṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo vepacittiṃ asurindaṃ etadavoca – ‘bhaṇa, vepacitti, gātha’nti. Evaṃ vutte, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
帝释天,我见忍辱中有此过失——
当愚人以为:“他是因为怕我才忍辱,”
那愚痴者便会更加欺压上来,犹如牛追逃跑之人。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Etadeva titikkhāya, vajjaṃ passāmi vāsava; Yadā naṃ maññati bālo, bhayā myāyaṃ titikkhati; Ajjhāruhati dummedho, gova bhiyyo palāyina’’nti.
诸比丘,毗摩质多罗阿修罗王说出此偈后,阿修罗们听了都很随喜,天人们却默然不语。于是,诸比丘,毗摩质多罗阿修罗王对帝释天如是说:“帝释天,你也说一偈!”如此说时,诸比丘,帝释天便说出此偈:显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhāsitāya kho pana, bhikkhave, vepacittinā asurindena gāthāya asurā anumodiṃsu, devā tuṇhī ahesuṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca – ‘bhaṇa, devānaminda, gātha’nti. Evaṃ vutte, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
若一个强者,能对弱者安忍,
那才被称为无上的忍辱;而弱者,只是常常在忍耐罢了。
他们说,那愚者的力量,实则并非力量,只是软弱罢了。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Kāmaṃ maññatu vā mā vā, bhayā myāyaṃ titikkhati; Sadatthaparamā atthā, khantyā bhiyyo na vijjati. ‘‘Yo have balavā santo, dubbalassa titikkhati; Tamāhu paramaṃ khantiṃ, niccaṃ khamati dubbalo. ‘‘Abalaṃ taṃ balaṃ āhu, yassa bālabalaṃ balaṃ; Balassa dhammaguttassa, paṭivattā na vijjati. ‘‘Tasseva tena pāpiyo, yo kuddhaṃ paṭikujjhati; Kuddhaṃ appaṭikujjhanto, saṅgāmaṃ jeti dujjayaṃ. ‘‘Ubhinnamatthaṃ carati, attano ca parassa ca; Paraṃ saṅkupitaṃ ñatvā, yo sato upasammati. ‘‘Ubhinnaṃ tikicchantānaṃ, attano ca parassa ca; Janā maññanti bāloti, ye dhammassa akovidā’’ti.
“诸比丘,帝释天说此偈已,诸天随喜,阿修罗默然。那时,诸比丘,诸天与阿修罗的随众们这样说:‘阿修罗主毗摩质多罗所说偈颂,伴有棍棒与刀剑,由此而有诤论、纷争与斗争。帝释天所说偈颂,不伴有棍棒与刀剑,由此而无诤论、无纷争、无斗争。帝释天以善说而得胜。’诸比丘,帝释天即以此善说获得胜利。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhāsitāsu kho pana, bhikkhave, sakkena devānamindena gāthāsu, devā anumodiṃsu, asurā tuṇhī ahesuṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, devānañca asurānañca pārisajjā etadavocuṃ – ‘bhāsitā kho vepacittinā asurindena gāthāyo. Tā ca kho sadaṇḍāvacarā sasatthāvacarā, iti bhaṇḍanaṃ iti viggaho iti kalaho. Bhāsitā kho sakkena devānamindena gāthāyo. Tā ca kho adaṇḍāvacarā asatthāvacarā, iti abhaṇḍanaṃ iti aviggaho iti akalaho. Sakkassa devānamindassa subhāsitena jayo’ti. Iti kho, bhikkhave sakkassa devānamindassa subhāsitena jayo ahosī’’ti.
6. 鸟巢经显示巴利原文
6. Kulāvakasuttaṃ
252 于舍卫城。“诸比丘,往昔,天人与阿修罗之间曾爆发一场大战。在那场战斗中,诸比丘,阿修罗获胜,诸天败北。诸比丘,败北的诸天向北退走,阿修罗从后方追击。那时,诸比丘,天帝释以偈颂对车夫摩得利说道:”显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ. ‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, devāsurasaṅgāmo samupabyūḷho ahosi. Tasmiṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, saṅgāme asurā jiniṃsu , devā parājiniṃsu. Parājitā ca kho, bhikkhave, devā apāyaṃsveva uttarenamukhā, abhiyaṃsveva ne asurā. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo mātali saṅgāhakaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“摩得利,切莫用辕杆冲撞希木巴利林中的鸟巢,”
且用辕端绕开它们;
我宁可向阿修罗舍弃性命,
也不让这些鸟儿失去巢穴。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Kulāvakā mātali simbalismiṃ, Īsāmukhena parivajjayassu; Kāmaṃ cajāma asuresu pāṇaṃ, Māyime dijā vikulāvakā ahesu’’nti.
诸比丘,帝释天的车夫摩得利应声答道:“是的,尊者。”随即将那由千匹良马牵引的胜妙战车调头回转。那时,诸比丘,阿修罗们心想:“帝释天那由千匹良马牵引的胜妙战车如今调头了。天人们就要再次与阿修罗们交战了!”他们心生恐惧,立即退回了阿修罗城。诸比丘,帝释天就是这样以正法赢得了胜利。显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Evaṃ bhaddantavā’ti kho, bhikkhave, mātali saṅgāhako sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā sahassayuttaṃ ājaññarathaṃ paccudāvattesi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, asurānaṃ etadahosi – ‘paccudāvatto kho dāni sakkassa devānamindassa sahassayutto ājaññaratho . Dutiyampi kho devā asurehi saṅgāmessantīti bhītā asurapurameva pāvisiṃsu. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sakkassa devānamindassa dhammena jayo ahosī’’’ti.
7. 不背叛经显示巴利原文
7. Nadubbhiyasuttaṃ
253 于舍卫城。诸比丘,往昔帝释天独自静处时,心中生起这样的念头:“即使是与我为敌的人,我也不应去伤害他。”那时,诸比丘,阿修罗王毗摩质多罗以心了知帝释天的心念,便前往帝释天所在之处。诸比丘,帝释天远远望见阿修罗王毗摩质多罗正走过来,一见之下,便对阿修罗王毗摩质多罗说:“站住,毗摩质多罗,你被抓住了!”显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ. ‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, sakkassa devānamindassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘yopi me assa supaccatthiko tassapāhaṃ na dubbheyya’nti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo sakkassa devānamindassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya yena sakko devānamindo tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo vepacittiṃ asurindaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna vepacittiṃ asurindaṃ etadavoca – ‘tiṭṭha, vepacitti, gahitosī’’’ti.
“仁者,你先前所起的那一念,切莫舍弃。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Yadeva te, mārisa, pubbe cittaṃ, tadeva tvaṃ mā pajahāsī’’ti .
“毗摩质多罗,你亦须对我起誓,绝不加害于我。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sapassu ca me, vepacitti, adubbhāyā’’ti .
说妄语者所造的恶,毁谤圣者所造的恶;
或背叛朋友之恶,或不知感恩之恶,
彼罪恶,当回报那个背叛您的人——须阇之夫。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Yaṃ musā bhaṇato pāpaṃ, yaṃ pāpaṃ ariyūpavādino; Mittadduno ca yaṃ pāpaṃ, yaṃ pāpaṃ akataññuno; Tameva pāpaṃ phusatu , yo te dubbhe sujampatī’’ti.
8. 毗卢遮那阿修罗王经显示巴利原文
8. Verocanaasurindasuttaṃ
254 舍卫城祇树林。那时,世尊正在日间独处静修。于是,帝释天与阿修罗王毗卢遮那来到世尊这里;到后,各自倚着一根门柱而立。接着,阿修罗王毗卢遮那在世尊面前诵出此偈:显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ jetavane. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā divāvihāragato hoti paṭisallīno. Atha kho sakko ca devānamindo verocano ca asurindo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā paccekaṃ dvārabāhaṃ nissāya aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha kho verocano asurindo bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
‘‘Vāyametheva puriso, yāva atthassa nipphadā; Nipphannasobhano attho , verocanavaco ida’’nti. ‘‘Vāyametheva puriso, yāva atthassa nipphadā; Nipphannasobhano attho , khantyā bhiyyo na vijjatī’’ti. ‘‘Sabbe sattā atthajātā, tattha tattha yathārahaṃ; Saṃyogaparamā tveva, sambhogā sabbapāṇinaṃ; Nipphannasobhano attho, verocanavaco ida’’nti. ‘‘Sabbe sattā atthajātā, tattha tattha yathārahaṃ; Saṃyogaparamā tveva, sambhogā sabbapāṇinaṃ;
Nipphannasobhano attho, khantyā bhiyyo na vijjatī’’ti.
9. 林野住处仙人经显示巴利原文
9. Araññāyatanaisisuttaṃ
255 在舍卫城。“诸比丘,往昔,有众多具足戒行、品性良善的仙人,住在森林偏僻处的树叶小屋里。那时,诸比丘,三十三天的天主帝释天与阿修罗王毗摩质多罗,一同前往那些具戒善行的仙人所在之处。诸比丘,到了之后,阿修罗王毗摩质多罗足蹬便鞋,腰佩利剑,命人撑着伞盖,从正门步入净修林,对那些具足戒行、品性良善的仙人全无恭敬,侧身避过,径直走去。而诸比丘,三十三天的天主帝释天则脱下便鞋,将剑交付他人,收合伞盖,仅从门进入净修林,随后立于下风处,向那些具足戒行、品性良善的仙人合掌礼敬。”那时,诸比丘,那些具足戒行、品性良善的仙人,便以偈颂对帝释天说道:显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ . ‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, sambahulā isayo sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā araññāyatane paṇṇakuṭīsu sammanti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sakko ca devānamindo vepacitti ca asurindo yena te isayo sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu. Atha kho, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo paṭaliyo upāhanā ārohitvā khaggaṃ olaggetvā chattena dhāriyamānena aggadvārena assamaṃ pavisitvā te isayo sīlavante kalyāṇadhamme apabyāmato karitvā atikkami. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo paṭaliyo upāhanā orohitvā khaggaṃ aññesaṃ datvā chattaṃ apanāmetvā dvāreneva assamaṃ pavisitvā te isayo sīlavante kalyāṇadhamme anuvātaṃ pañjaliko namassamāno aṭṭhāsi’’. Atha kho, bhikkhave, te isayo sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsiṃsu –
仙人们久持禁戒所发之体香,
从身上脱离后,随风飘散;
千眼神(帝释天)啊,请从这里退开,
天王,仙人的气味是不净的。
长期修持禁戒的仙人,
从身体散出,随风飘送,
犹如头上精编的花鬘
尊者,我们期盼此香,
此处诸天不起厌嫌。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Gandho isīnaṃ ciradikkhitānaṃ, Kāyā cuto gacchati mālutena; Ito paṭikkamma sahassanetta, Gandho isīnaṃ asuci devarājā’’ti. ‘‘Gandho isīnaṃ ciradikkhitānaṃ, Kāyā cuto gacchatu mālutena, Sucitrapupphaṃ sirasmiṃva mālaṃ; Gandhaṃ etaṃ paṭikaṅkhāma bhante, Na hettha devā paṭikūlasaññino’’ti.
10. 海经显示巴利原文
10. Samuddakasuttaṃ
256 如是我闻:一时,世尊在舍卫城。诸比丘,往昔有许多持戒、具足善法的仙人,住在海边的树叶小屋里。那时,天与阿修罗的战斗已经展开。诸比丘,那时,那些持戒、具足善法的仙人心中思惟:“诸天是依法而行的,阿修罗是非法而行的。我们或许会遭到来自阿修罗的怖畏。来,我们到阿修罗王三跋罗那里,向他请求无畏施。”诸比丘,于是那些持戒、具足善法的仙人,犹如力士屈伸手臂,从海边的树叶小屋中隐没,出现在阿修罗王三跋罗面前。那时,那些持戒、具足善法的仙人以偈颂对阿修罗王三跋罗说:显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ. ‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, sambahulā isayo sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā samuddatīre paṇṇakuṭīsu sammanti. Tena kho pana samayena devāsurasaṅgāmo samupabyūḷho ahosi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, tesaṃ isīnaṃ sīlavantānaṃ kalyāṇadhammānaṃ etadahosi – ‘dhammikā kho devā, adhammikā asurā. Siyāpi no asurato bhayaṃ. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ sambaraṃ asurindaṃ upasaṅkamitvā abhayadakkhiṇaṃ yāceyyāmā’’’ti. ‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, te isayo sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – samuddatīre paṇṇakuṭīsu antarahitā sambarassa asurindassa sammukhe pāturahesuṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, te isayo sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā sambaraṃ asurindaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsiṃsu –
诸仙人来到三跋罗前,乞求无畏施;
你确有随意施予怖畏或无畏的能力。
那些追随帝释天的邪恶仙人,哪有甚么无畏可给;
“你们乞求无畏,我所给的却是怖畏。”
我们向你祈求无怖畏,你给予我们的却只有怖畏;
我们收下你给的这份礼,愿你怖畏永无穷尽。
“播下怎样的种子,便收获怎样的果实;”
“行善者得善,作恶者得恶。”
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Isayo sambaraṃ pattā, yācanti abhayadakkhiṇaṃ; Kāmaṃkaro hi te dātuṃ, bhayassa abhayassa vā’’ti. ‘‘Isīnaṃ abhayaṃ natthi, duṭṭhānaṃ sakkasevinaṃ; Abhayaṃ yācamānānaṃ, bhayameva dadāmi vo’’ti. ‘‘Abhayaṃ yācamānānaṃ, bhayameva dadāsi no; Paṭiggaṇhāma te etaṃ, akkhayaṃ hotu te bhayaṃ. ‘‘Yādisaṃ vapate bījaṃ, tādisaṃ harate phalaṃ; Kalyāṇakārī kalyāṇaṃ, pāpakārī ca pāpakaṃ; Pavuttaṃ tāta te bījaṃ, phalaṃ paccanubhossasī’’ti.
“诸比丘,那时,那些具戒、善法的仙人诅咒了阿修罗王三跋罗后,就如力士屈伸手臂一般,从阿修罗王三跋罗面前隐没,随即现于海岸边的叶屋中。诸比丘,阿修罗王三跋罗被那些具戒、善法仙人诅咒后,在当夜三度惊醒。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, te isayo sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā sambaraṃ asurindaṃ abhisapitvā – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – sambarassa asurindassa sammukhe antarahitā samuddatīre paṇṇakuṭīsu pāturahesuṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sambaro asurindo tehi isīhi sīlavantehi kalyāṇadhammehi abhisapito rattiyā sudaṃ tikkhattuṃ ubbijjī’’ti.
苏维拉与须深,及旗顶与毗摩质多罗;
善说与胜利,鸟巢与不害;
毗卢遮那阿修罗王、诸林栖仙人,
及大海仙人。
显示巴利原文 Suvīraṃ susīmañceva, dhajaggaṃ vepacittino; Subhāsitaṃ jayañceva, kulāvakaṃ nadubbhiyaṃ; Verocana asurindo, isayo araññakañceva; Isayo ca samuddakāti.
2. 第二品显示巴利原文
2. Dutiyavaggo
1. 誓愿经显示巴利原文
1. Vatapadasuttaṃ
257 在舍卫城。
“诸比丘,过去世帝释天尚为人时,曾圆满受持七种誓愿。正因受持这些誓愿,他得以成就帝释之位。哪七种?终身赡养父母,终身恭敬宗族长辈,终身言语温雅,终身远离两舌,终身以离悭垢之心住于家中,慷慨施舍,净手持物,乐于弃舍,应乞者所求,喜于布施与分享;终身说真实语;终身不怀瞋恨,倘若瞋恨生起,旋即能够调伏。
诸比丘,帝释天于过去世为人时,曾圆满受持此七种誓愿。正因受持这些誓愿,他得以成就帝释之位。”显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ . ‘‘Sakkassa, bhikkhave, devānamindassa pubbe manussabhūtassa satta vatapadāni samattāni samādinnāni ahesuṃ, yesaṃ samādinnattā sakko sakkattaṃ ajjhagā. Katamāni satta vatapadāni? Yāvajīvaṃ mātāpettibharo assaṃ, yāvajīvaṃ kule jeṭṭhāpacāyī assaṃ, yāvajīvaṃ saṇhavāco assaṃ, yāvajīvaṃ apisuṇavāco assaṃ, yāvajīvaṃ vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvaseyyaṃ muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato, yāvajīvaṃ saccavāco assaṃ, yāvajīvaṃ akkodhano assaṃ – sacepi me kodho uppajjeyya, khippameva naṃ paṭivineyya’’nti. ‘‘Sakkassa, bhikkhave, devānamindassa pubbe manussabhūtassa imāni satta vatapadāni samattāni samādinnāni ahesuṃ, yesaṃ samādinnattā sakko sakkattaṃ ajjhagā’’ti.
“奉养父母,恭敬氏族中的长者,”
言语温雅,亲切柔和,舍离离间语者。
此人致力于破除悭吝,真实不虚,降伏了愤怒——
三十三天的诸天,确实称他为善士。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Mātāpettibharaṃ jantuṃ, kule jeṭṭhāpacāyinaṃ; Saṇhaṃ sakhilasambhāsaṃ, pesuṇeyyappahāyinaṃ. ‘‘Maccheravinaye yuttaṃ, saccaṃ kodhābhibhuṃ naraṃ; Taṃ ve devā tāvatiṃsā, āhu sappuriso itī’’ti.
2. 帝释天名经显示巴利原文
2. Sakkanāmasuttaṃ
258 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城的祇树林。那时,世尊对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,帝释天,诸天之王,过去生为人时,曾是一位名叫摩伽的青年,因此他被称为摩伽婆。”显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ jetavane. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘sakko, bhikkhave, devānamindo pubbe manussabhūto samāno magho nāma māṇavo ahosi, tasmā maghavāti vuccati.
“诸比丘,天帝释过去尚在人中时,就曾先行布施,因此被称为补琳达多。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sakko, bhikkhave, devānamindo pubbe manussabhūto samāno pure dānaṃ adāsi, tasmā purindadoti vuccati.
诸比丘,天帝释过去尚在人中时,曾恭敬地行布施,因此被称为帝释。显示巴利原文
‘‘Sakko, bhikkhave, devānamindo pubbe manussabhūto samāno sakkaccaṃ dānaṃ adāsi, tasmā sakkoti vuccati.
诸比丘,天帝释过去尚在人中时,曾布施住处,因此被称为瓦沙瓦。显示巴利原文
‘‘Sakko , bhikkhave, devānamindo pubbe manussabhūto samāno āvasathaṃ adāsi, tasmā vāsavoti vuccati.
诸比丘,帝释天王能于一刹那思虑上千种事,因此被称为千眼者。显示巴利原文
‘‘Sakko, bhikkhave, devānamindo sahassampi atthānaṃ muhuttena cinteti, tasmā sahassakkhoti vuccati.
“诸比丘,帝释天的妻子是阿修罗女,名为苏阇,因此他被称为苏阇波低。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sakkassa, bhikkhave, devānamindassa sujā nāma asurakaññā pajāpati, tasmā sujampatīti vuccati.
“诸比丘,帝释天于三十三天众中行使统治、最高主权与王权,因此被称为天王。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sakko, bhikkhave, devānamindo devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ issariyādhipaccaṃ rajjaṃ kāreti, tasmā devānamindoti vuccati.
“诸位比丘,帝释天往昔尚且为凡人之时,曾圆满受持并践行七条行愿。正是由于受持了这些行愿,他后来才得以成就帝释天的果位。是哪七条行愿呢?有生之年,我当赡养父母。有生之年,我当恭敬家中尊长。有生之年,我当言语温和。有生之年,我当不说是非离间之语。有生之年,我当以远离垢秽、远离悭吝之心过在家生活,乐于布施、双手清净、喜于舍弃、有求必应、乐行分享与供养。有生之年,我当说真实之语。有生之年,我当不生瞋怒——纵使瞋怒生起,也能令其迅速止息。诸位比丘,帝释天往昔尚且为凡人之时,曾圆满受持并践行这七条行愿。正是由于受持了这些行愿,他后来才得以成就帝释天的果位。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sakkassa , bhikkhave devānamindassa pubbe manussabhūtassa satta vatapadāni samattāni samādinnāni ahesuṃ, yesaṃ samādinnattā sakko sakkattaṃ ajjhagā. Katamāni satta vatapadāni? Yāvajīvaṃ mātāpettibharo assaṃ, yāvajīvaṃ kule jeṭṭhāpacāyī assaṃ, yāvajīvaṃ saṇhavāco assaṃ, yāvajīvaṃ apisuṇavāco assaṃ, yāvajīvaṃ vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvaseyyaṃ muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato, yāvajīvaṃ saccavāco assaṃ, yāvajīvaṃ akkodhano assaṃ – sacepi me kodho uppajjeyya, khippameva naṃ paṭivineyya’’nti. ‘‘Sakkassa, bhikkhave, devānamindassa pubbe manussabhūtassa imāni satta vatapadāni samattāni samādinnāni ahesuṃ, yesaṃ samādinnattā sakko sakkattaṃ ajjhagā’’ti.
“赡养父母者,恭敬家中尊长者,”
言语柔和有礼,舍离离间语者。
致力于调伏悭吝,真实,降伏愤怒的人;
三十三天的诸天,确实称他为善士。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Mātāpettibharaṃ jantuṃ, kule jeṭṭhāpacāyinaṃ; Saṇhaṃ sakhilasambhāsaṃ, pesuṇeyyappahāyinaṃ. ‘‘Maccheravinaye yuttaṃ, saccaṃ kodhābhibhuṃ naraṃ; Taṃ ve devā tāvatiṃsā, āhu sappuriso itī’’ti.
3. 摩诃梨经显示巴利原文
3. Mahālisuttaṃ
259 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在毗舍离城大林的重阁讲堂。那时,摩诃梨离车族人来到世尊跟前,行礼之后,坐在一旁。坐定后,摩诃梨离车族人对世尊这样说:显示巴利原文
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho mahāli licchavī yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho mahāli licchavī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
“尊者,世尊可曾见过帝释天?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Diṭṭho kho , bhante, bhagavatā sakko devānamindo’’ti?
“摩诃梨,我曾见过帝释天。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Diṭṭho kho me, mahāli, sakko devānamindo’’ti.
“尊者,那他应是形似帝释天的人了。尊者,帝释天确实难见。”显示巴利原文
‘‘So hi nūna, bhante, sakkapatirūpako bhavissati. Duddaso hi, bhante, sakko devānamindo’’ti.
“马哈利,我确然了知帝释天,也了知成就帝释天身分的法——正是因他受持了那些法,帝释天才证得帝释天之位。这些,我同样了知。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sakkañca khvāhaṃ, mahāli, pajānāmi sakkakaraṇe ca dhamme, yesaṃ dhammānaṃ samādinnattā sakko sakkattaṃ ajjhagā, tañca pajānāmi.
“马哈利,帝释天往昔还是人身时,是一位名叫摩伽的青年,因此,他被称为摩伽婆。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sakko, mahāli, devānamindo pubbe manussabhūto samāno magho nāma māṇavo ahosi, tasmā maghavāti vuccati.
“马哈利,帝释天在过去世尚为人身时,曾以恭敬心行布施,因此被称为帝释。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sakko, mahāli, devānamindo pubbe manussabhūto samāno sakkaccaṃ dānaṃ adāsi, tasmā sakkoti vuccati.
“马哈利,帝释天在过去世尚为人身时,曾先行布施,因此被称为先施者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sakko, mahāli, devānamindo pubbe manussabhūto samāno pure dānaṃ adāsi, tasmā purindadoti vuccati.
“马哈利,帝释天在过去世尚为人身时,曾布施房舍,因此被称为住所施者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sakko, mahāli, devānamindo pubbe manussabhūto samāno āvasathaṃ adāsi, tasmā vāsavoti vuccati.
摩诃利,三十三天之主帝释能于一刹那间思虑上千件事,由此被称为“千眼者”。显示巴利原文
‘‘Sakko, mahāli, devānamindo sahassampi atthānaṃ muhuttena cinteti, tasmā sahassakkhoti vuccati.
摩诃利,三十三天之主帝释的妻子是名为苏阇的阿修罗少女,因此他被称为“苏阇之主”。显示巴利原文
‘‘Sakkassa , mahāli, devānamindassa sujā nāma asurakaññā pajāpati, tasmā sujampatīti vuccati.
摩诃利,三十三天之主帝释于三十三天众中行施主权、统领与王政,因此他被称为“天王”。显示巴利原文
‘‘Sakko, mahāli, devānamindo devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ issariyādhipaccaṃ rajjaṃ kāreti, tasmā devānamindoti vuccati.
摩诃利,天帝释在过去生为人时,曾全然受持并践行七条誓愿。正因为受持了这些誓愿,他才成就了帝释之位。是哪七条誓愿呢?‘我愿终生赡养父母。我愿终生尊敬家中长者。我愿终生言语柔和。我愿终生不两舌。我愿终生以离悭垢之心居家,慷慨施舍、亲手赠予、乐于施与、有求必应、喜好布施与分享。我愿终生说真实语。我愿终生不瞋恨;即使生起怒气,也能迅速调伏。’摩诃利,天帝释在过去生为人时,正是受持并践行了这七条誓愿,才成就了帝释之位。显示巴利原文
‘‘Sakkassa, mahāli, devānamindassa pubbe manussabhūtassa satta vatapadāni samattāni samādinnāni ahesuṃ, yesaṃ samādinnattā sakko sakkattaṃ ajjhagā. Katamāni satta vatapadāni? Yāvajīvaṃ mātāpettibharo assaṃ, yāvajīvaṃ kule jeṭṭhāpacāyī assaṃ, yāvajīvaṃ saṇhavāco assaṃ, yāvajīvaṃ apisuṇavāco assaṃ, yāvajīvaṃ vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvaseyyaṃ muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato, yāvajīvaṃ saccavāco assaṃ, yāvajīvaṃ akkodhano assaṃ – sacepi me kodho uppajeyya, khippameva naṃ paṭivineyya’’nti. ‘‘Sakkassa, mahāli, devānamindassa pubbe manussabhūtassa imāni satta vatapadāni samattāni samādinnāni ahesuṃ, yesaṃ samādinnattā sakko sakkattaṃ ajjhagā’’ti.
赡养父母的人,敬重家中长者的人,
言语柔和亲切,舍离离间语的人。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Mātāpettibharaṃ jantuṃ, kule jeṭṭhāpacāyinaṃ; Saṇhaṃ sakhilasambhāsaṃ, pesuṇeyyappahāyinaṃ. ‘‘Maccheravinaye yuttaṃ, saccaṃ kodhābhibhuṃ naraṃ; Taṃ ve devā tāvatiṃsā, āhu sappuriso itī’’ti.
《贫穷经》:过去世,释提桓因尚为人身时,曾受持七条誓言。正因受持这些誓言,他得以成就释提桓因之位。显示巴利原文
4. Daliddasuttaṃ
260 一时,世尊住于王舍城的竹林园,松鼠觅食处。在那里,世尊唤诸比丘:“诸比丘!”他们回答:“尊者!”世尊这样说道:显示巴利原文
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
诸比丘,过去久远之时,就在这王舍城中,有一个人,极为贫穷、潦倒困苦。他对如来所教导的法和律生起信心,受持戒行,听闻法义,修习布施,培育智慧。在他对如来所教导的法和律生起信心、受持戒行、听闻法义、修习布施、培育智慧之后,身坏命终,便投生到善道、天界,与三十三天的天众为伴。他以容貌与名声,远远超越了其他天神。诸比丘,那时,三十三天的天众便因此事议论纷纷,心生嫌责:“诸贤友,这真是稀有!诸贤友,这真是前所未有!这位天子前世为人之时,曾是那般贫穷潦倒;如今身坏命终,却投生善道、天界,与三十三天的天众为伴,且以容貌与名声,远远超越其他天神。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, aññataro puriso imasmiṃyeva rājagahe manussadaliddo ahosi manussakapaṇo manussavarāko. So tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye saddhaṃ samādiyi, sīlaṃ samādiyi, sutaṃ samādiyi, cāgaṃ samādiyi, paññaṃ samādiyi. So tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye saddhaṃ samādiyitvā sīlaṃ samādiyitvā sutaṃ samādiyitvā cāgaṃ samādiyitvā paññaṃ samādiyitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajji devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sahabyataṃ. So aññe deve atirocati vaṇṇena ceva yasasā ca. Tatra sudaṃ, bhikkhave, devā tāvatiṃsā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘acchariyaṃ vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho! Ayañhi devaputto pubbe manussabhūto samāno manussadaliddo ahosi manussakapaṇo manussavarāko; so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapanno devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sahabyataṃ. So aññe deve atirocati vaṇṇena ceva yasasā cā’’’ti.
诸比丘,那时,天神之王帝释天对三十三天的诸天们说:“诸位尊者,请不要对这位天子心怀怨责。这位天子,前世为人时,于如来所宣说的法与律中,持起了信、持起了戒、持起了闻、持起了施、持起了慧。正是因为他这样持起,身坏命终后,才投生到善趣、天界,与三十三天的诸天为伴。因此,他在容色与名声上,远远超越了其他诸天。”诸比丘,接着,天神之王帝释天为了抚慰三十三天的诸天,于那时诵出了如下偈颂:显示巴利原文
‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo deve tāvatiṃse āmantesi – ‘mā kho tumhe, mārisā, etassa devaputtassa ujjhāyittha. Eso kho, mārisā, devaputto pubbe manussabhūto samāno tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye saddhaṃ samādiyi, sīlaṃ samādiyi, sutaṃ samādiyi, cāgaṃ samādiyi, paññaṃ samādiyi. So tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye saddhaṃ samādiyitvā sīlaṃ samādiyitvā sutaṃ samādiyitvā cāgaṃ samādiyitvā paññaṃ samādiyitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapanno devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sahabyataṃ . So aññe deve atirocati vaṇṇena ceva yasasā cā’’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo deve tāvatiṃse anunayamāno tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
若人对如来,有不动摇、善安立的净信,
他的戒行善好,为圣者所称叹、所喜爱;
他对僧团有净信,且见解正直。
因此,智者当致力于信、戒、净信与见法,
精勤铭记诸佛的教说。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Yassa saddhā tathāgate, acalā suppatiṭṭhitā; Sīlañca yassa kalyāṇaṃ, ariyakantaṃ pasaṃsitaṃ. ‘‘Saṅghe pasādo yassatthi, ujubhūtañca dassanaṃ; Adaliddoti taṃ āhu, amoghaṃ tassa jīvitaṃ. ‘‘Tasmā saddhañca sīlañca, pasādaṃ dhammadassanaṃ; Anuyuñjetha medhāvī, saraṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti.
第五 可喜经显示巴利原文
5. Rāmaṇeyyakasuttaṃ
261 在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,天帝释来到世尊前,敬礼世尊,立于一面。立于一面已,天帝释以偈问世尊:显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ jetavane. Atha kho sakko devānamindo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho sakko devānamindo bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
园中塔庙、林中塔庙,精妙营造的莲花池,
尚不及一位令人欢悦之人的十六分之一。
或在村落,或在旷野;或在低地,或在高地;
凡是阿拉汉所住之处,那大地便是令人欢悦的地方。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Ārāmacetyā vanacetyā, pokkharañño sunimmitā; Manussarāmaṇeyyassa, kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasiṃ. ‘‘Gāme vā yadi vāraññe, ninne vā yadi vā thale; Yattha arahanto viharanti, taṃ bhūmirāmaṇeyyaka’’nti.
6. 祭祀者经显示巴利原文
6. Yajamānasuttaṃ
262 一时,世尊住于王舍城的灵鹫山上。那时,诸天之王帝释天来到世尊跟前,向世尊礼敬后,立于一旁。立于一旁的帝释天以偈颂问世尊:显示巴利原文
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Atha kho sakko devānamindo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho sakko devānamindo bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“对于祭祀的人类,那些渴求福德的众生,
对于造作有依福德的人,布施于何处能得大果报?
四位在行于道,四位安住于果——
这就是那正直的僧团,具足慧、戒与定。
“那些举行祭祀、渴求福德的世人,”
他们所造的有依福德,施予僧团,即得大果报。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Yajamānānaṃ manussānaṃ, puññapekkhāna pāṇinaṃ; Karotaṃ opadhikaṃ puññaṃ, kattha dinnaṃ mahapphala’’nti. ‘‘Cattāro ca paṭipannā, cattāro ca phale ṭhitā; Esa saṅgho ujubhūto, paññāsīlasamāhito. ‘‘Yajamānānaṃ manussānaṃ, puññapekkhāna pāṇinaṃ; Karotaṃ opadhikaṃ puññaṃ, saṅghe dinnaṃ mahapphala’’nti.
7. 礼敬佛经显示巴利原文
7. Buddhavandanāsuttaṃ
263 在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,世尊正值日间习静,独处宴坐。这时,帝释天与梵天娑婆主一同前往世尊那里;到了之后,各倚一侧的门柱而立。于是,帝释天在世尊面前诵出这首偈颂:显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ jetavane. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā divāvihāragato hoti paṭisallīno. Atha kho sakko ca devānamindo brahmā ca sahampati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā paccekaṃ dvārabāhaṃ nissāya aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha kho sakko devānamindo bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
“起来吧,英雄,征服战场的胜利者,”
“重担已卸,无债而游化世间;”
“你的心已全然解脱,”
“犹如十五月圆之夜的明月。”
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Uṭṭhehi vīra vijitasaṅgāma, Pannabhāra anaṇa vicara loke; Cittañca te suvimuttaṃ, Cando yathā pannarasāya ratti’’nti.
“帝释天,不应如此礼敬如来。帝释天,礼敬如来应当这样——”显示巴利原文
‘‘Na kho, devānaminda, tathāgatā evaṃ vanditabbā. Evañca kho, devānaminda, tathāgatā vanditabbā –
“起来吧,英雄,征服战场的胜者,”
商队之主,无债而行于世间,
请宣说法吧,世尊!
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Uṭṭhehi vīra vijitasaṅgāma, Satthavāha anaṇa vicara loke; Desassu bhagavā dhammaṃ, Aññātāro bhavissantī’’ti.
8. 居士礼敬经显示巴利原文
8. Gahaṭṭhavandanāsuttaṃ
264 在舍卫城。于彼处……世尊这般宣说:“诸比丘,过去之时,天之主帝释天召命车夫摩得利:‘善友摩得利,把那千匹良马牵引的骏车套好,我们前往园地,去看看那美丽的园地吧。’‘唯然,尊上。’诸比丘,车夫摩得利应诺天之主帝释天后,套上千匹良马所驾的骏车,随即向天之主帝释天禀报:‘尊上,您的千匹良马所驾骏车已经套好了。如今您看什么时辰合适,便请动身吧。’那时,诸比丘,天之主帝释天从胜利殿而下,合掌恭敬,礼敬四方。于是,诸比丘,车夫摩得利便以偈颂对天之主帝释天说道:显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ. Tatra…pe… etadavoca – ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo mātaliṃ saṅgāhakaṃ āmantesi – ‘yojehi, samma mātali, sahassayuttaṃ ājaññarathaṃ. Uyyānabhūmiṃ gacchāma subhūmiṃ dassanāyā’ti. ‘Evaṃ bhaddantavā’ti kho, bhikkhave, mātali saṅgāhako sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā sahassayuttaṃ ājaññarathaṃ yojetvā sakkassa devānamindassa paṭivedesi – ‘yutto kho te, mārisa, sahassayutto ājaññaratho. Yassa dāni kālaṃ maññasī’’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo vejayantapāsādā orohanto añjaliṃ katvā sudaṃ puthuddisā namassati. Atha kho, bhikkhave, mātali saṅgāhako sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
那些通晓三吠陀者礼敬您,世间所有的刹帝利也礼敬您;
四大天王与威名赫赫的三十三天众也礼敬您——
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Taṃ namassanti tevijjā, sabbe bhummā ca khattiyā; Cattāro ca mahārājā, tidasā ca yasassino;
以此为其摄颂——显示巴利原文
Tassuddānaṃ –
那么,帝释天,你所礼敬的那位神灵,名字又是什么呢?
我则礼敬戒行具足、久修禅定者,
礼敬如法出家、以梵行为究竟者。
我亦礼敬在家行善积德、持戒清净的优婆塞们,
摩得利,我礼敬那些如法扶养妻室的人。
帝释天,你所礼敬的那些人,于世间确实最为殊胜;
帝释天啊,我也礼敬你所礼敬的诸位。
大力天王、苏阇之夫说了这番话后,
向诸方礼敬后,面向前方登上了车。
显示巴利原文 Atha ko nāma so yakkho, yaṃ tvaṃ sakka namassasī’’ti. ‘‘Maṃ namassanti tevijjā, sabbe bhummā ca khattiyā; Cattāro ca mahārājā, tidasā ca yasassino. ‘‘Ahañca sīlasampanne, cirarattasamāhite; Sammāpabbajite vande, brahmacariyaparāyane. ‘‘Ye gahaṭṭhā puññakarā, sīlavanto upāsakā; Dhammena dāraṃ posenti, te namassāmi mātalī’’ti. ‘‘Seṭṭhā hi kira lokasmiṃ, ye tvaṃ sakka namassasi; Ahampi te namassāmi, ye namassasi vāsavā’’ti. ‘‘Idaṃ vatvāna maghavā, devarājā sujampati; Puthuddisā namassitvā, pamukho rathamāruhī’’ti.
9. 礼敬导师经显示巴利原文
9. Satthāravandanāsuttaṃ
265 在舍卫城的祇树林中。诸比丘,往昔,天王帝释天唤来车夫摩得利:“亲爱的摩得利,去备好千骏所驾的车,我们到园林赏景。”“遵命,尊主。”诸比丘,车夫摩得利应允帝释天后,备好千骏之车,回禀帝释天:“尊主,千骏之车已备,如今您看什么时辰合适,便请动身。”诸比丘,那时,天王帝释天从最胜殿下来,合掌礼敬世尊。于是,诸比丘,车夫摩得利便以偈颂对天王帝释天说道:显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ jetavane. ‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo mātaliṃ saṅgāhakaṃ āmantesi – ‘yojehi, samma mātali, sahassayuttaṃ ājaññarathaṃ, uyyānabhūmiṃ gacchāma subhūmiṃ dassanāyā’ti. ‘Evaṃ bhaddantavā’ti kho, bhikkhave, mātali saṅgāhako sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā sahassayuttaṃ ājaññarathaṃ yojetvā sakkassa devānamindassa paṭivedesi – ‘yutto kho te, mārisa, sahassayutto ājaññaratho. Yassa dāni kālaṃ maññasī’’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo vejayantapāsādā orohanto añjaliṃ katvā sudaṃ bhagavantaṃ namassati. Atha kho, bhikkhave, mātali saṅgāhako sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
凡诸天与世人,皆礼敬于您,瓦萨瓦啊;
那么,帝释天,您所礼敬的那位夜叉,是何名号?”
在这诸天所在的世间,那位正自觉者,
我礼敬那名为无等的导师,摩得利。
那些已灭尽贪、嗔、无明的人,
诸漏已尽的阿拉汉,我礼敬他们,摩得利。
那些调伏了贪与嗔、超越无明的人,
有学乐于损减,依不放逸而随学。
摩伽婆天王、苏阇之夫,如此说后,
礼敬世尊后,即登上车。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Yañhi devā manussā ca, taṃ namassanti vāsava; Atha ko nāma so yakkho, yaṃ tvaṃ sakka namassasī’’ti. ‘‘Yo idha sammāsambuddho, asmiṃ loke sadevake; Anomanāmaṃ satthāraṃ, taṃ namassāmi mātali. ‘‘Yesaṃ rāgo ca doso ca, avijjā ca virājitā; Khīṇāsavā arahanto, te namassāmi mātali. ‘‘Ye rāgadosavinayā, avijjāsamatikkamā; Sekkhā apacayārāmā, appamattānusikkhare; Te namassāmi mātalī’’ti. ‘‘Seṭṭhā hi kira lokasmiṃ, ye tvaṃ sakka namassasi; Ahampi te namassāmi, ye namassasi vāsavā’’ti. ‘‘Idaṃ vatvāna maghavā, devarājā sujampati; Bhagavantaṃ namassitvā, pamukho rathamāruhī’’ti.
10. 礼敬僧团经显示巴利原文
10. Saṅghavandanāsuttaṃ
266 在舍卫城的祇树林。在那里……世尊对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,从前,有一个丑陋矮小的夜叉,坐上了帝释天的宝座。那时,三十三天众埋怨、非议、指责起来:‘真是稀有,诸位!真是奇妙,诸位!这个丑陋矮小的夜叉竟坐在帝释天的宝座上!’诸比丘,三十三天众越是埋怨、非议、指责,那夜叉却越变得英俊、悦目、令人欢喜。显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ jetavane. Tatra kho…pe… etadavoca – ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, aññataro yakkho dubbaṇṇo okoṭimako sakkassa devānamindassa āsane nisinno ahosi. Tatra sudaṃ, bhikkhave, devā tāvatiṃsā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘acchariyaṃ vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho! Ayaṃ yakkho dubbaṇṇo okoṭimako sakkassa devānamindassa āsane nisinno’’’ti! Yathā yathā kho, bhikkhave, devā tāvatiṃsā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti, tathā tathā so yakkho abhirūpataro ceva hoti dassanīyataro ca pāsādikataro ca.
那些困在腐臭身体中的人,才应礼敬你,
他们沉没于死尸之中,饱受饥渴的逼迫。
摩得利,我正因此而羡慕那些无家者:
他们从村庄离去时,心无牵挂,坦然前行。
他们不贮藏于仓库,不积蓄于瓦罐,也不存放于篮筐;
这些善持戒者,求取他人已备之食,依此存活。
这些贤者善于审虑,言语充满智慧;他们默然寂静,行止平和。
在敌对者中,他们不怀敌意;在执持刀杖者中,他们清凉寂静。
帝释啊,你所礼敬的,据说确是世间最上者;
瓦沙瓦,你所礼敬的那些人,我也一同礼敬。
说罢此言,摩伽婆,天王、苏阇之夫
礼敬比丘僧团后,身为首领的他登上了车乘。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Tañhi ete namasseyyuṃ, pūtidehasayā narā; Nimuggā kuṇapamhete, khuppipāsasamappitā. ‘‘Kiṃ nu tesaṃ pihayasi, anāgārāna vāsava; Ācāraṃ isinaṃ brūhi, taṃ suṇoma vaco tavā’’ti. ‘‘Etaṃ tesaṃ pihayāmi, anāgārāna mātali; Yamhā gāmā pakkamanti, anapekkhā vajanti te. ‘‘Na tesaṃ koṭṭhe openti, na kumbhi na kaḷopiyaṃ ; Paraniṭṭhitamesānā , tena yāpenti subbatā. ‘‘Sumantamantino dhīrā, tuṇhībhūtā samañcarā; Devā viruddhā asurehi, puthu maccā ca mātali. ‘‘Aviruddhā viruddhesu, attadaṇḍesu nibbutā; Sādānesu anādānā, te namassāmi mātalī’’ti. ‘‘Seṭṭhā hi kira lokasmiṃ, ye tvaṃ sakka namassasi; Ahampi te namassāmi, ye namassasi vāsavā’’ti. ‘‘Idaṃ vatvāna maghavā, devarājā sujampati; Bhikkhusaṅghaṃ namassitvā, pamukho rathamāruhī’’ti.
三则天众经已说,以及贫困与愉悦;
供奉与礼敬,三则帝释礼敬篇。
显示巴利原文 Devā pana tayo vuttā, daliddañca rāmaṇeyyakaṃ; Yajamānañca vandanā, tayo sakkanamassanāti.
3. 第三品显示巴利原文
3. Tatiyavaggo
1. 断经显示巴利原文
1. Chetvāsuttaṃ
267 在舍卫城的祇树林。那时,帝释天来到世尊处,顶礼世尊后,站在一旁。站在一旁的帝释天这样问世尊:“尊者,什么是大地令人欣喜之处呢?”显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ jetavane. Atha kho sakko devānamindo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho sakko devānamindo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, bhante, bhūmirāmaṇeyyaka’’nti?
愤怒之根有毒,梢头却甘美——帝释天啊,
圣者赞叹将愤怒灭除的行径;因为灭除了它,便不再忧愁。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Kiṃsu chetvā sukhaṃ seti, kiṃsu chetvā na socati; Kissassu ekadhammassa, vadhaṃ rocesi gotamā’’ti. ‘‘Kodhaṃ chetvā sukhaṃ seti, kodhaṃ chetvā na socati; Kodhassa visamūlassa, madhuraggassa vāsava; Vadhaṃ ariyā pasaṃsanti, tañhi chetvā na socatī’’ti.
2. 丑陋经显示巴利原文
2. Dubbaṇṇiyasuttaṃ
268 在舍卫城的祇树林中。……那时,世尊对比丘们说:“诸比丘,从前,帝释天召唤车夫摩得利:‘来,摩得利,将那辆千匹良马拉的御车套好,我们到园林地去观赏美景。’‘好的,尊上。’摩得利应允,套好千匹良马的车后,禀报帝释天:‘阁下,千匹良马的车已套好,您若觉得适时,便请动身。’那时,帝释天从最胜殿下来,合掌恭敬地向比丘僧团礼敬。于是,摩得利便以偈颂问帝释天:”显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ jetavane. Tatra kho…pe… etadavoca – ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo mātaliṃ saṅgāhakaṃ āmantesi – ‘yojehi, samma mātali, sahassayuttaṃ ājaññarathaṃ , uyyānabhūmiṃ gacchāma subhūmiṃ dassanāyā’ti. ‘Evaṃ bhaddantavā’ti kho, bhikkhave, mātali saṅgāhako sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā, sahassayuttaṃ ājaññarathaṃ yojetvā sakkassa devānamindassa paṭivedesi – ‘yutto kho te, mārisa, sahassayutto ājaññaratho, yassa dāni kālaṃ maññasī’’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave , sakko devānamindo vejayantapāsādā orohanto añjaliṃ katvā sudaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ namassati. Atha kho, bhikkhave, mātali saṅgāhako sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
那时,诸比丘,三十三天众前往帝释天处,到了之后对帝释天这样说:‘尊者,有一位丑陋矮小的夜叉,坐在了帝释天的宝座上。尊者,三十三天众在那里埋怨、非议、指责道:真是稀有啊,诸位!真是奇妙啊,诸位!这个丑陋矮小的夜叉,竟然坐在帝释天的宝座上!然而,尊者,他们越是埋怨、非议、指责,那位夜叉就变得越英俊、越好看、越令人欢喜。尊者,看来那位夜叉是以嗔怒为食的吧!’显示巴利原文
‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, devā tāvatiṃsā yena sakko devānamindo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘idha te, mārisa, aññataro yakkho dubbaṇṇo okoṭimako sakkassa devānamindassa āsane nisinno. Tatra sudaṃ, mārisa, devā tāvatiṃsā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho! Ayaṃ yakkho dubbaṇṇo okoṭimako sakkassa devānamindassa āsane nisinnoti. Yathā yathā kho, mārisa, devā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti, tathā tathā so yakkho abhirūpataro ceva hoti dassanīyataro ca pāsādikataro cāti. So hi nūna, mārisa, kodhabhakkho yakkho bhavissatī’’’ti.
那时,诸比丘,帝释天前往那位以嗔怒为食的夜叉处。到了后,他将上衣搭在一肩,右膝跪地,朝着那位以嗔怒为食的夜叉合掌致敬,三次通报自己的名字:‘贤友,我是帝释天,是天王。贤友,我是帝释天,是天王。贤友,我是帝释天,是天王。’诸比丘,帝释天越是报上名号,那位夜叉越是变得丑陋矮小。变得越丑越矮,最终就在那里消失了。那时,帝释天在自己的座位上坐下,安抚三十三天众,并在那时说了这些偈颂:”显示巴利原文
‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo yena so kodhabhakkho yakkho tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā dakkhiṇajāṇumaṇḍalaṃ pathaviyaṃ nihantvā yena so kodhabhakkho yakkho tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā tikkhattuṃ nāmaṃ sāveti – ‘sakkohaṃ mārisa, devānamindo, sakkohaṃ, mārisa, devānamindo’ti. Yathā yathā kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo nāmaṃ sāvesi, tathā tathā so yakkho dubbaṇṇataro ceva ahosi okoṭimakataro ca. Dubbaṇṇataro ceva hutvā okoṭimakataro ca tatthevantaradhāyī’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo sake āsane nisīditvā deve tāvatiṃse anunayamāno tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
我心不易为境所伤,也不轻易卷入纷乱的漩涡;
我对你们从不长久含怒,瞋怒在我心中不会停留。
纵然发怒,我也不说粗暴的话,也不宣扬自己的德行;
我善自调御,照见自利。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Na sūpahatacittomhi, nāvattena suvānayo; Na vo cirāhaṃ kujjhāmi, kodho mayi nāvatiṭṭhati. ‘‘Kuddhāhaṃ na pharusaṃ brūmi, na ca dhammāni kittaye; Sanniggaṇhāmi attānaṃ, sampassaṃ atthamattano’’ti.
3. 桑巴利幻术经显示巴利原文
3. Sambarimāyāsuttaṃ
269 在舍卫城……世尊这样说:“诸比丘,往昔,阿修罗王毗摩质多罗生了病,痛苦不堪,病势沉重。那时,诸比丘,诸天之王帝释天前去探望毗摩质多罗阿修罗王的病情。诸比丘,阿修罗王毗摩质多罗远远望见帝释天正朝这边走来,见后便对帝释天这样说:‘天王,请治愈我的病。’‘那么,毗摩质多罗,你应将桑巴利幻术传授于我。’‘贤友,在征询阿修罗众之前,我还不能教你。’诸比丘,于是阿修罗王毗摩质多罗问阿修罗众:‘诸位贤友,我能否将桑巴利幻术传授给诸天之王帝释天?’‘贤友,切勿将桑巴利幻术传授给诸天之王帝释天。’诸比丘,那时阿修罗王毗摩质多罗便以偈颂对诸天之王帝释天说:显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ…pe… bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo ābādhiko ahosi dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo yena vepacitti asurindo tenupasaṅkami gilānapucchako. Addasā kho, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca – ‘tikiccha maṃ devānamindā’ti. ‘Vācehi maṃ, vepacitti, sambarimāya’nti. ‘Na tāvāhaṃ vācemi, yāvāhaṃ, mārisa, asure paṭipucchāmī’’’ti. ‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo asure paṭipucchi – ‘vācemahaṃ, mārisā, sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ sambarimāya’nti? ‘Mā kho tvaṃ, mārisa, vācesi sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ sambarimāya’’’nti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
善幻术的摩伽婆、帝释天王、苏阇之君,
堕入可怖地狱,犹如桑婆罗术士,受苦整整百年。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Māyāvī maghavā sakka, devarāja sujampati; Upeti nirayaṃ ghoraṃ, sambarova sataṃ sama’’nti.
4. 罪过经显示巴利原文
4. Accayasuttaṃ
270 在舍卫城……世尊的园林里。那时,有两位比丘起了争执。其中一位比丘犯了过错。那位犯了过错的比丘,向另一位比丘当面如法发露过错,对方却不肯接受。于是,众多比丘前往拜见世尊。到后,礼敬世尊,退坐一面。坐定后,那些比丘对世尊说:“尊者,这里正有两位比丘起了争执。其中一位比丘犯了过错。尊者,那位犯错的比丘,已向对方当面如法发露过错,对方却不肯接受。”显示巴利原文
Sāvatthiyaṃ…pe… ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena dve bhikkhū sampayojesuṃ. Tatreko bhikkhu accasarā. Atha kho so bhikkhu tassa bhikkhuno santike accayaṃ accayato deseti; so bhikkhu nappaṭiggaṇhāti. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘idha, bhante, dve bhikkhū sampayojesuṃ, tatreko bhikkhu accasarā . Atha kho so, bhante, bhikkhu tassa bhikkhuno santike accayaṃ accayato deseti, so bhikkhu nappaṭiggaṇhātī’’ti.
“诸比丘,有两种愚人:一种是犯了过错,却不视之为过错;一种是对如法发露过错者,不肯如法接受。诸比丘,这便是那两种愚人。诸比丘,有两种智者:一种是犯了过错,能视之为过错;一种是对如法发露过错者,能如法接受。诸比丘,这便是那两种智者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Dveme, bhikkhave, bālā. Yo ca accayaṃ accayato na passati, yo ca accayaṃ desentassa yathādhammaṃ nappaṭiggaṇhā’’ti – ime kho, bhikkhave, dve bālā. ‘‘Dveme, bhikkhave, paṇḍitā. Yo ca accayaṃ accayato passati, yo ca accayaṃ desentassa yathādhammaṃ paṭiggaṇhā’’ti – ime kho, bhikkhave, dve paṇḍitā.
“诸比丘,往昔,帝释天在善法堂中,为安抚三十三天的天众,于其时说了此偈:显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ , bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo sudhammāyaṃ sabhāyaṃ deve tāvatiṃse anunayamāno tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
你们应当调伏愤怒,不要与朋友疏远;
不要责备那无可责备之人,亦不说离间语;
接着,愤怒便如山一般,将恶人碾得粉碎。”
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Kodho vo vasamāyātu, mā ca mittehi vo jarā; Agarahiyaṃ mā garahittha, mā ca bhāsittha pesuṇaṃ; Atha pāpajanaṃ kodho, pabbatovābhimaddatī’’ti.
5. 不嗔经显示巴利原文
5. Akkodhasuttaṃ
271 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,世尊便对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,从前,帝释天在善法讲堂劝慰三十三天众时,曾说了这首偈颂——显示巴利原文
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū…pe… bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo sudhammāyaṃ sabhāyaṃ deve tāvatiṃse anunayamāno tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
“不要让愤怒主宰你们,也不要对愤怒者发怒;
不怒与不害,乃是圣者所行之道。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Mā vo kodho ajjhabhavi, mā ca kujjhittha kujjhataṃ; Akkodho avihiṃsā ca, ariyesu ca paṭipadā ; Atha pāpajanaṃ kodho, pabbatovābhimaddatī’’ti.
切断、丑陋、幻术、过失、不嗔者;
此即最胜佛陀所教导的帝释五经。
显示巴利原文 Chetvā dubbaṇṇiyamāyā, accayena akodhano; Desitaṃ buddhaseṭṭhena, idañhi sakkapañcakanti.
有偈品第一显示巴利原文
Sagāthāvaggo paṭhamo.
Devatā devaputto ca, rājā māro ca bhikkhunī; Brahmā brāhmaṇa vaṅgīso, vanayakkhena vāsavoti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
这组在讲什么 本组围绕三十三天之主——帝释天王展开编集。经文多以“过去世时”天人-阿修罗的远古战争为叙事框架,借帝释天与天神、车夫、阿修罗王的对话,点出精进、忍辱、不嗔、不杀等善法。表面讲天神故事,落点全部回到比丘众的实际修行——“在此善说的法、律中出家,应当奋起、努力、精进”。
出场人物 / 对告众 Pali 中文(经文用名) 角色 Sakko / Sakka 帝释天 三十三天之主,精进/忍辱/善说的示范者 Suvīra 苏维拉天子 第一品中出现两次,被叮咛出战却陷入放逸的天子 Susīma 苏西玛天子 同苏维拉,另一被叮咛却放逸的天子 Vepacitti 韦巴吉帝阿修罗王 阿修罗之主,帝释天的对手,善说对决中“伴随刀剑”的一方 Mātali 马他利车夫 帝释天的车夫,多次以偈颂点出问题 devā Tāvatiṃsā 三十三天众 帝释天所统率的天众 asurā 阿修罗 天人的宿敌,在远古战争中常主动攻击 Bhagavā (bhikkhave) 世尊(对诸比丘) 每一经的实际说法者,将天神故事作为比丘修行的前导
核心法义(白话+重点) 这组一致在讲一个很实际的东西: 德行比神通重要,心态比胜负重要 。
帝释天虽然统率三十三天,但他之所以能做天王,靠的不是武力,而是福德和他所奉行的善法原则。
整组反复用帝释天的嘴,说出佛陀真正想对比丘们说的话。最经典的一段出自第三经《幢顶经》——天人打仗害怕了,帝释天叫他们仰望各天王的旗顶来消除恐惧,但佛陀直接说: 仰天旗没用,因为天王自己也未离贪嗔痴,照样会害怕逃跑 。真正的旗顶是三宝:
→ 拆开看:佛陀用“天王旗顶”的比喻,把天界的护佑彻底消解掉,然后放上三宝——佛、法、僧,这才是真正能消除恐惧的所缘。帝释天的旗顶指向佛陀,佛陀的旗顶才是真正的安全。
→ 要旨:这组不是让你听神话,而是借帝释天的嘴讲出佛陀认可的修行品质:精进不放逸、忍辱不嗔、以善说止诤、尊重三宝胜过一切天界权柄。
关键术语锚 Pali 中文(经文用名) 易错提醒 sakkaccaṃ / appamāda 恭敬不放逸、精勤 本组反复出现的“奋起”不是指战斗力,而是修行态度;放逸=死路 khantī 忍辱 核心字,帝释天多次极力赞叹的德目;不是懦弱忍耐,而是“对激怒者不还以愤怒”的力量 subhāsita 善说 第五经标题,也是天人-阿修罗战争的决胜方式——不以刀杖,以善说决胜负 dhajagga 幢顶/旗顶 第三经核心比喻;四天王旗顶 vs 佛法僧旗顶,后者才是真正无畏所依 vera 怨恨/敌意 第五经“伴随刀剑”vs“无诤”的对照词,善说=不伴随棍棒刀剑=无怨恨
代表经(本组重点) - SN 11.3 幢顶经 :天人-阿修罗战争中的“旗顶”三宝版本,佛陀拆掉一切天界护佑,真正建立皈依所缘
- SN 11.5 善说胜经 :帝释天与韦巴吉帝阿修罗王用偈颂对决,善说定义为“不伴随刀剑的无诤”
- SN 11.6 鸟巢经 :帝释天宁可死也不愿毁坏鸟巢,以生命守护不杀生的底线
- SN 11.7 不怖经 :帝释天面对辱骂不还口,马他利车夫不解,帝释天以长偈说明何为真正的力
- SN 11.22 丑陋经 :精进忍辱者看似吃亏,实际是真正的胜利者
- SN 11.25 不嗔经 :收摄整组核心——不嗔的修行原则在帝释天口里成为偈颂,被佛陀认可后,直接落到比丘的日常修习