14 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,世尊称呼比丘们:“诸比丘。”比丘们应答:“尊者。”世尊这样说道:“诸比丘,我将为你们开示一切漏的防护法门。你们仔细听,善加作意,我这就说。”“是的,尊者。”比丘们回应世尊。世尊这样说道:显示巴利原文
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘sabbāsavasaṃvarapariyāyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha , sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
15 “诸比丘,我说,漏的灭尽,是为知者、见者,而非为不知者、不见者。诸比丘,知什么、见什么,漏才得以灭尽呢?就是如理作意与不如理作意。诸比丘,若不如理作意,未生的漏便会生起,已生的漏则会增长;若如理作意,未生的漏便不生起,已生的漏则得以断除。显示巴利原文
‘‘Jānato ahaṃ, bhikkhave, passato āsavānaṃ khayaṃ vadāmi, no ajānato no apassato. Kiñca, bhikkhave, jānato kiñca passato āsavānaṃ khayaṃ vadāmi? Yoniso ca manasikāraṃ ayoniso ca manasikāraṃ. Ayoniso, bhikkhave, manasikaroto anuppannā ceva āsavā uppajjanti, uppannā ca āsavā pavaḍḍhanti; yoniso ca kho, bhikkhave, manasikaroto anuppannā ceva āsavā na uppajjanti, uppannā ca āsavā pahīyanti.
16 诸比丘,有些漏应由见而断除,有些漏应由防护而断除,有些漏应由受用而断除,有些漏应由忍耐而断除,有些漏应由回避而断除,有些漏应由除遣而断除,有些漏应由修习而断除。显示巴利原文
‘‘Atthi, bhikkhave, āsavā dassanā pahātabbā, atthi āsavā saṃvarā pahātabbā, atthi āsavā paṭisevanā pahātabbā, atthi āsavā adhivāsanā pahātabbā, atthi āsavā parivajjanā pahātabbā, atthi āsavā vinodanā pahātabbā, atthi āsavā bhāvanā pahātabbā.
由见所断之漏显示巴利原文
Dassanā pahātabbāsavā
17 诸比丘,哪些烦恼是依见而断除的呢?诸比丘,于此,有一未闻法的凡夫——他不曾见过圣者,不通晓圣者之法,未在圣者之法中受到训练;不曾见过善士,不通晓善士之法,未在善士之法中受到训练——他不了知哪些法应当作意,也不了知哪些法不应当作意。正因他不了知应当作意的法,也不了知不应当作意的法,对于不应当作意的法,他却加以作意;对于应当作意的法,他反而不作意。显示巴利原文
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, āsavā dassanā pahātabbā? Idha, bhikkhave , assutavā puthujjano – ariyānaṃ adassāvī ariyadhammassa akovido ariyadhamme avinīto, sappurisānaṃ adassāvī sappurisadhammassa akovido sappurisadhamme avinīto – manasikaraṇīye dhamme nappajānāti, amanasikaraṇīye dhamme nappajānāti. So manasikaraṇīye dhamme appajānanto amanasikaraṇīye dhamme appajānanto, ye dhammā na manasikaraṇīyā, te dhamme manasi karoti, ye dhammā manasikaraṇīyā te dhamme na manasi karoti.
诸比丘,哪些是他作意却不应作意的法呢?若有人作意某些法,未生的欲漏便生起,已生的欲漏便增长;未生的有漏便生起,已生的有漏便增长;未生的无明漏便生起,已生的无明漏便增长——这些便是他作意却不应作意的法。显示巴利原文
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā na manasikaraṇīyā ye dhamme manasi karoti? Yassa, bhikkhave, dhamme manasikaroto anuppanno vā kāmāsavo uppajjati, uppanno vā kāmāsavo pavaḍḍhati; anuppanno vā bhavāsavo uppajjati, uppanno vā bhavāsavo pavaḍḍhati; anuppanno vā avijjāsavo uppajjati, uppanno vā avijjāsavo pavaḍḍhati – ime dhammā na manasikaraṇīyā ye dhamme manasi karoti.
诸比丘,哪些是他未作意却应作意的法呢?若有人作意某些法,未生的欲漏便不生起,已生的欲漏便得断除;未生的有漏便不生起,已生的有漏便得断除;未生的无明漏便不生起,已生的无明漏便得断除——这些便是他应作意却未作意的法。显示巴利原文
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā manasikaraṇīyā ye dhamme na manasi karoti? Yassa, bhikkhave, dhamme manasikaroto anuppanno vā kāmāsavo na uppajjati, uppanno vā kāmāsavo pahīyati; anuppanno vā bhavāsavo na uppajjati, uppanno vā bhavāsavo pahīyati; anuppanno vā avijjāsavo na uppajjati, uppanno vā avijjāsavo pahīyati – ime dhammā manasikaraṇīyā ye dhamme na manasi karoti.
由作意不应作意之法,而未作意应作意之法,未生的诸漏便生起,已生的诸漏便增长。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tassa amanasikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ manasikārā manasikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ amanasikārā anuppannā ceva āsavā uppajjanti uppannā ca āsavā pavaḍḍhanti.
18 他这样不如理作意:‘我在过去世存在吗?还是不存在呢?过去世我是什么?过去世我怎样?过去世我从什么又变成了什么?我在未来世会存在吗?还是不会存在呢?未来世我会是什么?未来世我会怎样?未来世我从什么又变成什么?’或者,他对现在、此刻的自身心生疑惑:‘我存在吗?我不存在吗?我是什么?我怎样?这生命从何处来,将去往何处?’显示巴利原文
‘‘So evaṃ ayoniso manasi karoti – ‘ahosiṃ nu kho ahaṃ atītamaddhānaṃ? Na nu kho ahosiṃ atītamaddhānaṃ? Kiṃ nu kho ahosiṃ atītamaddhānaṃ? Kathaṃ nu kho ahosiṃ atītamaddhānaṃ? Kiṃ hutvā kiṃ ahosiṃ nu kho ahaṃ atītamaddhānaṃ? Bhavissāmi nu kho ahaṃ anāgatamaddhānaṃ? Na nu kho bhavissāmi anāgatamaddhānaṃ? Kiṃ nu kho bhavissāmi anāgatamaddhānaṃ? Kathaṃ nu kho bhavissāmi anāgatamaddhānaṃ? Kiṃ hutvā kiṃ bhavissāmi nu kho ahaṃ anāgatamaddhāna’nti? Etarahi vā paccuppannamaddhānaṃ ajjhattaṃ kathaṃkathī hoti – ‘ahaṃ nu khosmi? No nu khosmi? Kiṃ nu khosmi? Kathaṃ nu khosmi? Ayaṃ nu kho satto kuto āgato? So kuhiṃ gāmī bhavissatī’ti?
19 「当他这样不如理作意时,六种见中的某一种便生起。‘我有我’之见,如真实、如坚固般生起;‘我无我’之见,如真实、如坚固般生起;‘我以我认知我’之见,如真实、如坚固般生起;‘我以我认知无我’之见,如真实、如坚固般生起;‘我以无我认知我’之见,如真实、如坚固般生起;或者他生起这样的见:‘这个能说、能感受的“我”,在处处领受善恶诸业的果报;而我的这个“我”是常、恒、永恒、不变易之法,将如此永恒安住。’诸比丘,这便称为见的行处、见的丛林、见的险路、见的歪曲、见的动乱、见的结缚。诸比丘,被见结缚所缠缚的未曾听闻凡夫,不能从生、老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼中解脱;我说:‘他不能从苦中解脱。’」显示巴利原文
‘‘Tassa evaṃ ayoniso manasikaroto channaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ aññatarā diṭṭhi uppajjati. ‘Atthi me attā’ti vā assa saccato thetato diṭṭhi uppajjati; ‘natthi me attā’ti vā assa saccato thetato diṭṭhi uppajjati; ‘attanāva attānaṃ sañjānāmī’ti vā assa saccato thetato diṭṭhi uppajjati; ‘attanāva anattānaṃ sañjānāmī’ti vā assa saccato thetato diṭṭhi uppajjati; ‘anattanāva attānaṃ sañjānāmī’ti vā assa saccato thetato diṭṭhi uppajjati; atha vā panassa evaṃ diṭṭhi hoti – ‘yo me ayaṃ attā vado vedeyyo tatra tatra kalyāṇapāpakānaṃ kammānaṃ vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti so kho pana me ayaṃ attā nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassatī’ti. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave , diṭṭhigataṃ diṭṭhigahanaṃ diṭṭhikantāraṃ diṭṭhivisūkaṃ diṭṭhivipphanditaṃ diṭṭhisaṃyojanaṃ. Diṭṭhisaṃyojanasaṃyutto, bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano na parimuccati jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi; ‘na parimuccati dukkhasmā’ti vadāmi.
20 然而,诸比丘,已听闻正法的圣弟子——见过圣者,通达圣法,在圣法中受过良好训练;见过善士,通达善士之法,在善士法中受过良好训练——他知道哪些法应当作意,哪些法不应作意。由于知道哪些法应当作意、哪些法不应作意,他便不作意那些不应作意的法,而作意那些应当作意的法。显示巴利原文
‘‘Sutavā ca kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako – ariyānaṃ dassāvī ariyadhammassa kovido ariyadhamme suvinīto, sappurisānaṃ dassāvī sappurisadhammassa kovido sappurisadhamme suvinīto – manasikaraṇīye dhamme pajānāti amanasikaraṇīye dhamme pajānāti. So manasikaraṇīye dhamme pajānanto amanasikaraṇīye dhamme pajānanto ye dhammā na manasikaraṇīyā te dhamme na manasi karoti, ye dhammā manasikaraṇīyā te dhamme manasi karoti.
诸比丘,什么是他不作意、也不应作意的法呢?诸比丘,当对这些法作意时,未生的欲漏便生起,已生的欲漏便增长;未生的有漏便生起,已生的有漏便增长;未生的无明漏便生起,已生的无明漏便增长——这些便是他不作意、也不应作意的法。显示巴利原文
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā na manasikaraṇīyā ye dhamme na manasi karoti? Yassa, bhikkhave, dhamme manasikaroto anuppanno vā kāmāsavo uppajjati, uppanno vā kāmāsavo pavaḍḍhati; anuppanno vā bhavāsavo uppajjati, uppanno vā bhavāsavo pavaḍḍhati; anuppanno vā avijjāsavo uppajjati, uppanno vā avijjāsavo pavaḍḍhati – ime dhammā na manasikaraṇīyā, ye dhamme na manasi karoti.
诸比丘,什么是他作意、也应作意的法呢?诸比丘,当对这些法作意时,未生的欲漏不生起,已生的欲漏便断除;未生的有漏不生起,已生的有漏便断除;未生的无明漏不生起,已生的无明漏便断除——这些便是他作意、也应作意的法。显示巴利原文
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā manasikaraṇīyā ye dhamme manasi karoti? Yassa, bhikkhave, dhamme manasikaroto anuppanno vā kāmāsavo na uppajjati, uppanno vā kāmāsavo pahīyati; anuppanno vā bhavāsavo na uppajjati , uppanno vā bhavāsavo pahīyati; anuppanno vā avijjāsavo na uppajjati, uppanno vā avijjāsavo pahīyati – ime dhammā manasikaraṇīyā ye dhamme manasi karoti.
正因为他不在不应作意的法上作意,而于应作意的法上作意,所以未生的诸漏不会生起,已生的诸漏也就得以断除。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tassa amanasikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ amanasikārā manasikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ manasikārā anuppannā ceva āsavā na uppajjanti, uppannā ca āsavā pahīyanti.
21 他如理作意:‘此是苦’,如理作意:‘此是苦之集’,如理作意:‘此是苦之灭’,如理作意:‘此是导向苦灭之道’。当他如此如理作意时,三结便得断除——有身见、疑、戒禁取。显示巴利原文
‘‘So ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yoniso manasi karoti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yoniso manasi karoti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yoniso manasi karoti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yoniso manasi karoti. Tassa evaṃ yoniso manasikaroto tīṇi saṃyojanāni pahīyanti – sakkāyadiṭṭhi, vicikicchā, sīlabbataparāmāso. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, āsavā dassanā pahātabbā.
由防护而应断的漏显示巴利原文
Saṃvarā pahātabbāsavā
22 “诸比丘,什么是应以防护断除的漏?诸比丘,在此,比丘如理省察,防护眼根而住。诸比丘,若不防护眼根而住,便会生起带有损害与热恼的漏;防护眼根而住,便不会有那些损害与热恼的漏。如理省察,防护耳根而住……防护鼻根而住……防护舌根而住……防护身根而住……防护意根而住。诸比丘,若不防护意根而住,便会生起带有损害与热恼的漏;防护意根而住,便不会有那些损害与热恼的漏。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, āsavā saṃvarā pahātabbā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso cakkhundriyasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati. Yañhissa, bhikkhave, cakkhundriyasaṃvaraṃ asaṃvutassa viharato uppajjeyyuṃ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā, cakkhundriyasaṃvaraṃ saṃvutassa viharato evaṃsa te āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti. Paṭisaṅkhā yoniso sotindriyasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati…pe… ghānindriyasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati…pe… jivhindriyasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati…pe… kāyindriyasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati…pe… manindriyasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati. Yañhissa, bhikkhave , manindriyasaṃvaraṃ asaṃvutassa viharato uppajjeyyuṃ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā, manindriyasaṃvaraṃ saṃvutassa viharato evaṃsa te āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti.
诸比丘,若住于不防护,便会生起伴有损害与热恼的诸漏;若住于防护,则这些损害与热恼之漏便不生。诸比丘,这些即名为以防护所应断之漏。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yañhissa, bhikkhave, saṃvaraṃ asaṃvutassa viharato uppajjeyyuṃ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā , saṃvaraṃ saṃvutassa viharato evaṃsa te āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, āsavā saṃvarā pahātabbā.
由受用所应断之漏显示巴利原文
Paṭisevanā pahātabbāsavā
23 诸比丘,哪些是由受用所应断之漏?诸比丘,比丘如理省思之后,这样受用衣服:‘仅为抵御寒冷,抵御炎热,为抵御虻、蚊、风、日、蛇蝎等触扰,仅为遮蔽羞处。’显示巴利原文
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, āsavā paṭisevanā pahātabbā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso cīvaraṃ paṭisevati – ‘yāvadeva sītassa paṭighātāya, uṇhassa paṭighātāya, ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīṃsapa- samphassānaṃ paṭighātāya, yāvadeva hirikopīnappaṭicchādanatthaṃ’.
「他如理省思而受用团食:‘非为嬉戏,非为骄慢,非为装饰,非为庄严,仅为维持此身、止息伤害、资助梵行,以此灭除旧受,不生新受,我将得以生活、无过失、安乐而住。’」显示巴利原文
‘‘Paṭisaṅkhā yoniso piṇḍapātaṃ paṭisevati – ‘neva davāya, na madāya, na maṇḍanāya, na vibhūsanāya, yāvadeva imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāya, vihiṃsūparatiyā, brahmacariyānuggahāya, iti purāṇañca vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi navañca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmi, yātrā ca me bhavissati anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro ca’ .
他如理省思而受用住所:‘仅为抵御寒冷,抵御炎热,抵御牛虻、蚊虫、风、日晒与爬虫的触恼;也仅为遮避恶劣气候,并乐享独处禅修。’显示巴利原文
‘‘Paṭisaṅkhā yoniso senāsanaṃ paṭisevati – ‘yāvadeva sītassa paṭighātāya, uṇhassa paṭighātāya, ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīṃsapasamphassānaṃ paṭighātāya, yāvadeva utuparissayavinodanapaṭisallānārāmatthaṃ’.
他如理省思而受用医药资具:‘仅为了消除已生起的病痛感受,及彻底地离于苦迫。’显示巴利原文
‘‘Paṭisaṅkhā yoniso gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ paṭisevati – ‘yāvadeva uppannānaṃ veyyābādhikānaṃ vedanānaṃ paṭighātāya, abyābajjhaparamatāya’ .
诸比丘,比丘若不如理受用,便可能生起伴随苦恼与炽燃的诸漏;若能如理受用,那些带来苦恼与炽燃的诸漏便不生起。诸比丘,这些即名为‘由受用而应断之漏’。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yañhissa, bhikkhave, appaṭisevato uppajjeyyuṃ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā, paṭisevato evaṃsa te āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, āsavā paṭisevanā pahātabbā.
由忍耐而应断之漏显示巴利原文
Adhivāsanā pahātabbāsavā
24 诸比丘,哪些是由忍耐而应断的漏呢?诸比丘,在此,比丘如理省思之后,能忍耐寒冷、炎热、饥饿、口渴;他忍耐牛虻、蚊虫、风、日晒、爬虫的触恼;忍耐粗恶、不悦耳的言语;对于身体所生的苦受——剧烈、粗重、刺痛、不愉悦、不可意、乃至能夺命——他皆能忍耐。显示巴利原文
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, āsavā adhivāsanā pahātabbā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassa, jighacchāya pipāsāya. Ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīṃsapasamphassānaṃ, duruttānaṃ durāgatānaṃ vacanapathānaṃ, uppannānaṃ sārīrikānaṃ vedanānaṃ dukkhānaṃ tibbānaṃ kharānaṃ kaṭukānaṃ asātānaṃ amanāpānaṃ pāṇaharānaṃ adhivāsakajātiko hoti.
诸比丘,若比丘不能如此忍耐,便会生起苦恼与炽热的漏;若能如此忍耐,那些苦恼与炽热的漏便不生起。诸比丘,这些即称为‘应通过忍耐而断之漏’。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yañhissa, bhikkhave, anadhivāsayato uppajjeyyuṃ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā, adhivāsayato evaṃsa te āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, āsavā adhivāsanā pahātabbā.
应通过回避而断之漏显示巴利原文
Parivajjanā pahātabbāsavā
25 诸比丘,什么是应通过回避而断的漏呢?诸比丘,于此,比丘如理省思后,回避狂象、狂马、狂牛、狂犬,回避蛇、树桩、荆棘地、深坑、悬崖、粪坑、污水坑。若坐于不应坐之处、行于不应行之处、亲近恶友,有智的同梵行者便会认定他处于恶境。故他如理省思后,回避那不应坐之处、不应行之处及诸恶友。显示巴利原文
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, āsavā parivajjanā pahātabbā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso caṇḍaṃ hatthiṃ parivajjeti, caṇḍaṃ assaṃ parivajjeti, caṇḍaṃ goṇaṃ parivajjeti, caṇḍaṃ kukkuraṃ parivajjeti, ahiṃ khāṇuṃ kaṇṭakaṭṭhānaṃ sobbhaṃ papātaṃ candanikaṃ oḷigallaṃ. Yathārūpe anāsane nisinnaṃ yathārūpe agocare carantaṃ yathārūpe pāpake mitte bhajantaṃ viññū sabrahmacārī pāpakesu ṭhānesu okappeyyuṃ, so tañca anāsanaṃ tañca agocaraṃ te ca pāpake mitte paṭisaṅkhā yoniso parivajjeti.
诸比丘,若人不回避这些,便会生起带来伤害与热恼的漏;若他回避,这些伤害与热恼的漏便不会产生。诸比丘,这些就叫做应通过回避而断的漏。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yañhissa, bhikkhave, aparivajjayato uppajjeyyuṃ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā, parivajjayato evaṃsa te āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, āsavā parivajjanā pahātabbā.
应通过除遣而断的漏显示巴利原文
Vinodanā pahātabbāsavā
26 诸比丘,什么是应通过除遣而断的漏呢?诸比丘,于此,有比丘如理作意后,对已生起的欲寻,他不容受,而是断除它、除遣它、消灭它、令它彻底灭尽;对已生起的嗔寻……对已生起的害寻……对任何已生起的诸恶不善法,他不容受,而是断除它、除遣它、消灭它、令它彻底灭尽。显示巴利原文
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, āsavā vinodanā pahātabbā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti, uppannaṃ byāpādavitakkaṃ…pe… uppannaṃ vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ…pe… uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti.
诸比丘,若不除遣,便会生起那些带来忧恼与热恼的漏;若除遣了,这些带来忧恼与热恼的漏便不会生起。诸比丘,这些即称为应通过除遣而断除的漏。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yañhissa, bhikkhave, avinodayato uppajjeyyuṃ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā, vinodayato evaṃsa te āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, āsavā vinodanā pahātabbā.
由修习而断除的漏显示巴利原文
Bhāvanā pahātabbāsavā
27 诸比丘,哪些是应通过修习而断除的漏呢?诸比丘,于此,比丘如理省思之后,修习念觉支——此念觉支依于远离、依于离欲、依于灭尽,而趣向于舍离;他如理省思之后,修习择法觉支……修习精进觉支……修习喜觉支……修习轻安觉支……修习定觉支……修习舍觉支——此舍觉支同样依于远离、依于离欲、依于灭尽,而趣向于舍离。显示巴利原文
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, āsavā bhāvanā pahātabbā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso satisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ; paṭisaṅkhā yoniso dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti…pe… vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ.
诸比丘,若他不修习,那些带来伤害与热恼的漏便会生起;若修习,这些带来伤害与热恼的漏便不会生起。诸比丘,这些就叫做应通过修习来断除的漏。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yañhissa, bhikkhave , abhāvayato uppajjeyyuṃ āsavā vighātapariḷāhā, bhāvayato evaṃsa te āsavā vighātapariḷāhā na honti. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, āsavā bhāvanā pahātabbā.
28 诸比丘,当一位比丘那些应以见断除的漏,已由见而断除;那些应以防护断除的漏,已由防护而断除;那些应以受用断除的漏,已由受用而断除;那些应以忍耐断除的漏,已由忍耐而断除;那些应以回避断除的漏,已由回避而断除;那些应以除遣断除的漏,已由除遣而断除;那些应以修习断除的漏,已由修习而断除——诸比丘,此时,这位比丘便被称为“安住于防护一切漏的防护中,他已斩断渴爱,已摧破结缚,通过彻底洞穿慢而到达了苦的边际”。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yato kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno ye āsavā dassanā pahātabbā te dassanā pahīnā honti, ye āsavā saṃvarā pahātabbā te saṃvarā pahīnā honti, ye āsavā paṭisevanā pahātabbā te paṭisevanā pahīnā honti, ye āsavā adhivāsanā pahātabbā te adhivāsanā pahīnā honti, ye āsavā parivajjanā pahātabbā te parivajjanā pahīnā honti, ye āsavā vinodanā pahātabbā te vinodanā pahīnā honti, ye āsavā bhāvanā pahātabbā te bhāvanā pahīnā honti; ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave – ‘bhikkhu sabbāsavasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati, acchecchi taṇhaṃ, vivattayi saṃyojanaṃ, sammā mānābhisamayā antamakāsi dukkhassā’’’ti.
世尊如是宣说。比丘们对世尊所说心满意足,欢喜信受。显示巴利原文
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
《一切漏经》终 第二显示巴利原文
Sabbāsavasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dutiyaṃ.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册 Pali 中文(经文用名) 角色 Bhagavā 世尊 说法者 Bhikkhave 比丘众 闻法众
事件 世尊主动召集比丘,宣布要开示“防护一切漏的法门”。他首先点出,断除烦恼的关键在于“知”与“见”,也就是能否进行“如理作意”。随后,世尊系统地开示了七种具体的断除烦恼(漏)的方法,并逐一解说。
经文摘要 世尊宣说“一切漏防护法门”的总纲(知见→如理作意)→ 详细阐释七种断漏之法:以见断、以防护断、以受用断、以忍耐断、以回避断、以除遣断、以修习断 → 结论:如此修习的比丘能彻底防护一切漏,究竟解脱。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解) 这经讲的是,断烦恼不是靠硬压或者逃避,而是有一套精密的内在管理技术。 核心就两字: 主动的省思、如理的作意 。
1. 总开关:搞错念头,烦恼就丛生
佛一上来就把事情说透了:凡夫和圣弟子的根本差别,在于“如理作意”还是“不如理作意”。
凡夫不懂,心里就爱琢磨那些不该琢磨的终极无解题,比如“我过去世存在吗?我未来世是什么?”,经文说这就像闯入一片 “见的丛林、见的险路” ,最后一定会生起“我有灵魂”或“我没有灵魂”这些固执的邪见。
→ 拆开看: “如理作意”不是“想好事”,而是把念头导向四圣谛:“此是苦,此是苦之集,此是苦之灭,此是导至苦灭之道”。因为只在概念上打转的哲学思辨,本身就是最根本的“无明漏”。一旦开始如理作意,凡夫最粗的三个结——“有身见(执着有个我)、疑(对佛法僧的犹豫)、戒禁取(迷信仪式禁忌能解脱)”——就此斩断。这就是最高级别、见效最快的“以见断漏”。
2. 落地实操:把修行融入每一个生活动作
断除错误的根本知见后,佛接着给出了六种把修行具体化的方法,把防护落实到六根门头:
你接触眼睛看到色时,要“防护眼根”;
穿衣服、吃饭,不是禁止,而是“如理省思而受用”,思维“只为维持身体,为了修行梵行”;
遇到冷热病痛、被人谩骂,要“如理省思而堪忍”,把这当成消旧业、不造新殃的训练;
遇到狂象、恶犬、危险之地、恶友,主动远离,叫“以回避断”;
心里一旦冒出欲望、嗔恚的念头,立马“除遣、令灭无”,像清空回收站一样果断;
最后,持续“修习七觉支”(念、择法、精进、喜、轻安、定、舍),让内心状态稳固地趋向解脱。
→ 一句话要旨: 解脱不是靠某个神秘仪式,而是从调整错误的思维模式(见)开始,进而在日常生活的防护、消费、忍耐、回避、清理念头和心境培育中,全方位地管理“漏”的生起。
关键术语锚 - āsava → 漏/烦恼
- 为何易错: 常被笼统译为“烦恼”。但在本经中,它被明确分为三类: 欲漏 (对感官欲乐的粘着)、 有漏 (对存在/生命形态的渴求)、 无明漏 (根本的无知),不是泛指一切心理不善。这是整个法门要断除的标的。
- yoniso manasikāra → 如理作意
- 为何易错: 易被弱化为“合理思考”或“关注”。这里的“如理(yoniso)”特指从根源上、从(苦集灭道的)正确方向去思维,是开启断漏的第一个总开关,不是普通逻辑推理。
- paṭisaṅkhā → 省思/简择
- 为何易错: 在下文六种断漏法中反复出现,译为“如理省思”。它与“作意”有别,带有清晰辨别、评估后做出正确抉择的行动力。比如吃饭前,不是盲目的吃,而是先省思“这是为了维持身体修行,不是为了享乐”。
- sakkāya-diṭṭhi → 有身见
- 为何易错: 字面是“对身之见”。它的真正意思是把五蕴身心执着为有一个恒常、能主宰的“我”或“我的”,是“以见断”要斩除的第一个根本结,不是简单的“身体是我”的错见。
- saṃvara → 防护 / pahāna → 断除
- 为何易错: 经中用这两个词描述了完全不同的策略。防护(如守护根门)是“令未生漏不生”;断除(如除去邪寻)是“令已生漏灭尽”。这是对“防患未然”和“斩草除根”两种策略的精确区分。