一法品显示巴利原文
16. Ekadhammapāḷi
296 “诸比丘,有一法,修习、多修习,能直接导向厌离、离贪、灭尽、寂静、证知、正觉、涅槃。是哪一法呢?即佛随念。诸比丘,正是这一法,若修习、多修习,便能直接导向厌离、离贪、灭尽、寂静、证知、正觉、涅槃。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Ekadhammo , bhikkhave, bhāvito bahulīkato ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Katamo ekadhammo? Buddhānussati. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, ekadhammo bhāvito bahulīkato ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattatī’’ti.
297 “诸比丘,有一法,修习、多修习,能直接导向厌离、离贪、灭尽、寂静、证知、正觉、涅槃。是哪一法呢?即法随念……僧随念……戒随念……舍随念……天随念……入出息念……死随念……身至念……寂止随念。诸比丘,正是这一法,若修习、多修习,便能直接导向厌离、离贪、灭尽、寂静、证知、正觉、涅槃。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Ekadhammo, bhikkhave, bhāvito bahulīkato ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Katamo ekadhammo? Dhammānussati…pe… saṅghānussati… sīlānussati… cāgānussati… devatānussati… ānāpānassati… maraṇassati… kāyagatāsati… upasamānussati. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, ekadhammo bhāvito bahulīkato ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattatī’’ti.
298 “诸比丘,我不见有任何一法,能如邪见这般,令未生的不善法生起、已生的不善法增长广大。诸比丘,于邪见者,未生的不善法便会生起,已生的不善法则增长广大。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā akusalā dhammā bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṃvattanti yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, micchādiṭṭhi. Micchādiṭṭhikassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva akusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca akusalā dhammā bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṃvattantī’’ti.
299 “诸比丘,我不见有任何一法,能如正见这般,令未生的善法生起、已生的善法增长广大。诸比丘,于正见者,未生的善法便会生起,已生的善法则增长广大。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā vā kusalā dhammā bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṃvattanti yathayidaṃ , bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi. Sammādiṭṭhikassa , bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva kusalā dhammā uppajjanti uppannā ca kusalā dhammā bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṃvattantī’’ti.
300 “诸比丘,我不见有任何一法,能如邪见这般,令未生的善法不生起、已生的善法衰退。诸比丘,于邪见者,未生的善法不会生起,已生的善法则会衰退。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Nāhaṃ , bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā kusalā dhammā nuppajjanti uppannā vā kusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṃ , bhikkhave, micchādiṭṭhi. Micchādiṭṭhikassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva kusalā dhammā nuppajjanti uppannā ca kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’’ti.
301 “诸比丘,我不见有任何一法,能像正见这样,令未生的不善法不生,已生的不善法衰退。诸比丘,具足正见者,未生的不善法便不生起,已生的不善法则会衰退。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā akusalā dhammā nuppajjanti uppannā vā akusalā dhammā parihāyanti yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi. Sammādiṭṭhikassa, bhikkhave, anuppannā ceva akusalā dhammā nuppajjanti uppannā ca akusalā dhammā parihāyantī’’ti.
302 “诸比丘,我不见有任何一法,能像不如理作意这样,令未生的邪见生起,已生的邪见增长。诸比丘,不如理作意者,未生的邪见会生起,已生的邪见便会增长。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā micchādiṭṭhi uppajjati uppannā vā micchādiṭṭhi pavaḍḍhati yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, ayonisomanasikāro. Ayoniso, bhikkhave, manasi karoto anuppannā ceva micchādiṭṭhi uppajjati uppannā ca micchādiṭṭhi pavaḍḍhatī’’ti.
303 “诸比丘,我不见有任何一法,能像如理作意这样,令未生的正见生起,已生的正见增长。诸比丘,如理作意者,未生的正见会生起,已生的正见便会增长。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena anuppannā vā sammādiṭṭhi uppajjati uppannā vā sammādiṭṭhi pavaḍḍhati yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, yonisomanasikāro. Yoniso, bhikkhave, manasi karoto anuppannā ceva sammādiṭṭhi uppajjati uppannā ca sammādiṭṭhi pavaḍḍhatī’’ti.
304 “诸比丘,我不见有其他任何一法,能令众生身坏命终后投生至苦处、恶趣、堕处、地狱,如邪见这般。诸比丘,具足邪见的众生,身坏命终后即投生于苦处、恶趣、堕处、地狱。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Nāhaṃ , bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, micchādiṭṭhi. Micchādiṭṭhiyā, bhikkhave, samannāgatā sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjantī’’ti.
305 “诸比丘,我不见有其他任何一法,能令众生身坏命终后投生至善趣、天界,如正见这般。诸比丘,具足正见的众生,身坏命终后即投生于善趣、天界。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Nāhaṃ , bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yena sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjanti yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi. Sammādiṭṭhiyā, bhikkhave, samannāgatā sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī’’ti.
306 “诸比丘,对于持邪见者,他任何依其见解而全然受持的身业,依其见解而全然受持的语业……依其见解而全然受持的意业,以及他的意图、他的愿望、他的志向和所有的心行,这一切都会导向不可喜、不可爱、不可意、无利益与痛苦。这是什么缘故呢?诸比丘,因为他的见解是邪恶的。诸比丘,犹如将宁巴籽、苦瓜籽或苦葫芦籽种在湿润的土里,它们所吸收的任何土元素养分和任何水元素养分,都会导向苦味、辣味和不悦味。这是什么缘故呢?诸比丘,因为它的种子是邪恶的。同样地,诸比丘,对于持邪见者,他任何依其见解而全然受持的身业,依其见解而全然受持的语业……依其见解而全然受持的意业,以及他的意图、他的愿望、他的志向和所有的心行,这一切都会导向不可喜、不可爱、不可意、无利益与痛苦。这是什么缘故呢?诸比丘,因为他的见解是邪恶的。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Micchādiṭṭhikassa, bhikkhave, purisapuggalassa yañceva kāyakammaṃ yathādiṭṭhi samattaṃ samādinnaṃ yañca vacīkammaṃ…pe… yañca manokammaṃ yathādiṭṭhi samattaṃ samādinnaṃ yā ca cetanā yā ca patthanā yo ca paṇidhi ye ca saṅkhārā sabbe te dhammā aniṭṭhāya akantāya amanāpāya ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Diṭṭhi hissa , bhikkhave, pāpikā. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave , nimbabījaṃ vā kosātakibījaṃ vā tittakalābubījaṃ vā allāya pathaviyā nikkhittaṃ yañceva pathavirasaṃ upādiyati yañca āporasaṃ upādiyati sabbaṃ taṃ tittakattāya kaṭukattāya asātattāya saṃvattati. Taṃ kissa hetu? Bījaṃ hissa , bhikkhave, pāpakaṃ. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, micchādiṭṭhikassa purisapuggalassa yañceva kāyakammaṃ yathādiṭṭhi samattaṃ samādinnaṃ yañca vacīkammaṃ…pe… yañca manokammaṃ yathādiṭṭhi samattaṃ samādinnaṃ yā ca cetanā yā ca patthanā yo ca paṇidhi ye ca saṅkhārā sabbe te dhammā aniṭṭhāya akantāya amanāpāya ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Diṭṭhi hissa, bhikkhave, pāpikā’’ti.
307 “比丘们,对于具足正见的人,他依其正见所彻底领受、受持的身业,依其正见所彻底领受、受持的语业……依其正见所彻底领受、受持的意业,以及他的思、他的愿求、他的志向与所有的心行,这一切法都会导向可爱、可乐、可意、带来利益与安乐。这是什么缘故呢?比丘们,因为他的见是善的。比丘们,犹如将甘蔗种、稻种或葡萄种播入湿润的泥土中,它们所汲取的任何地界滋味与水界滋味,全都将成就其甜味、悦味与不杂他味的醇美。这是什么缘故呢?比丘们,因为那种子是善的。同样地,比丘们,对于具足正见的人,他依其正见所彻底领受、受持的身业,依其正见所彻底领受、受持的语业……依其正见所彻底领受、受持的意业,以及他的思、他的愿求、他的志向与所有的心行,这一切法都会导向可爱、可乐、可意、带来利益与安乐。这是什么缘故呢?比丘们,因为他的见是善的。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sammādiṭṭhikassa, bhikkhave, purisapuggalassa yañceva kāyakammaṃ yathādiṭṭhi samattaṃ samādinnaṃ yañca vacīkammaṃ…pe… yañca manokammaṃ yathādiṭṭhi samattaṃ samādinnaṃ yā ca cetanā yā ca patthanā yo ca paṇidhi ye ca saṅkhārā sabbe te dhammā iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Diṭṭhi hissa, bhikkhave, bhaddikā. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ucchubījaṃ vā sālibījaṃ vā muddikābījaṃ vā allāya pathaviyā nikkhittaṃ yañceva pathavirasaṃ upādiyati yañca āporasaṃ upādiyati sabbaṃ taṃ madhurattāya sātattāya asecanakattāya saṃvattati. Taṃ kissa hetu? Bījaṃ hissa, bhikkhave, bhaddakaṃ. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhikassa purisapuggalassa yañceva kāyakammaṃ yathādiṭṭhi samattaṃ samādinnaṃ yañca vacīkammaṃ…pe… yañca manokammaṃ yathādiṭṭhi samattaṃ samādinnaṃ yā ca cetanā yā ca patthanā yo ca paṇidhi ye ca saṅkhārā sabbe te dhammā iṭṭhāya kantāya manāpāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Diṭṭhi hissa, bhikkhave, bhaddikā’’ti.
3. 第三品显示巴利原文
3. Tatiyavaggo
308 “诸比丘,有一种人出现于世间,是为许多人的不利、许多人的不乐,是为许多天人的无益、不利与痛苦而出现的。是哪一种人呢?此人是邪见者,见解颠倒。他使许多人背离正法,安住于非正法。诸比丘,这就是那一种人,出现于世间,是为许多人的不利、许多人的不乐,是为许多天人的无益、不利与痛苦而出现的。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Ekapuggalo , bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanaahitāya bahujanaasukhāya, bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katamo ekapuggalo? Micchādiṭṭhiko hoti viparītadassano. So bahujanaṃ saddhammā vuṭṭhāpetvā asaddhamme patiṭṭhāpeti. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, ekapuggalo loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanaahitāya bahujanaasukhāya, bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussāna’’nti.
309 “诸比丘,有一人出现于世间,是为了许多人的利益、许多人的安乐,是为了诸天与人的利益、福祉与安乐而出现。是哪一种人呢?他具足正见,所见不颠倒。他令许多人从不正法中转出,令他们安住于正法。诸比丘,正是这一种人,当他出现于世间时,是为了许多人的利益、许多人的安乐,是为了诸天与人的利益、福祉与安乐而出现。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Ekapuggalo, bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya, bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katamo ekapuggalo? Sammādiṭṭhiko hoti aviparītadassano. So bahujanaṃ asaddhammā vuṭṭhāpetvā saddhamme patiṭṭhāpeti. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, ekapuggalo loke upapajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya, bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna’’nti.
310 “诸比丘,我不见有其他任何一法,能如邪见这般罪过深重。诸比丘,邪见是诸大罪过中之最。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi yaṃ evaṃ mahāsāvajjaṃ yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, micchādiṭṭhi. Micchādiṭṭhiparamāni, bhikkhave, mahāsāvajjānī’’ti .
311 “诸比丘,我不见有其他任何一个补特伽罗,像愚人末伽梨这样,行于许多人的无益与不乐,为诸天与人带来无义、无益与痛苦。诸比丘,犹如在河口撒下渔网,是为了许多鱼类的无益、痛苦、不利与灾厄。同样地,诸比丘,愚人末伽梨在世间生起,恰如一张捕人的网,我说那是为了许多众生的无益、痛苦、不利与灾厄。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekapuggalampi samanupassāmi yo evaṃ bahujanaahitāya paṭipanno bahujanaasukhāya, bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, makkhali moghapuriso. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, nadīmukhe khippaṃ uḍḍeyya bahūnaṃ macchānaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya anayāya byasanāya; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave , makkhali moghapuriso manussakhippaṃ maññe loke uppanno bahūnaṃ sattānaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya anayāya byasanāyā’’ti.
312 “诸比丘,在恶说的法与律中,无论是劝导者、其所劝导的对象,还是闻劝后依教奉行的人,全都积集了众多非福德。是什么缘故呢?诸比丘,因为这是恶说的法。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Durakkhāte , bhikkhave, dhammavinaye yo ca samādapeti yañca samādapeti yo ca samādapito tathattāya paṭipajjati sabbe te bahuṃ apuññaṃ pasavanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Durakkhātattā, bhikkhave, dhammassā’’ti.
313 “诸比丘,在善说的法与律中,无论是劝导者、其所劝导的对象,还是闻劝后依教奉行的人,全都积集了众多福德。是什么缘故呢?诸比丘,因为这是善说的法。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Svākkhāte , bhikkhave, dhammavinaye yo ca samādapeti yañca samādapeti yo ca samādapito tathattāya paṭipajjati sabbe te bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Svākkhātattā, bhikkhave, dhammassā’’ti.
314 “诸比丘,在恶说的法与律中,施者应当知量,受者不应知量。是什么缘故呢?诸比丘,因为这是恶说的法。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Durakkhāte, bhikkhave, dhammavinaye dāyakena mattā jānitabbā, no paṭiggāhakena. Taṃ kissa hetu? Durakkhātattā, bhikkhave, dhammassā’’ti.
315 “诸比丘,于善说的法与律中,受者应当知量,施者不必知量。为什么呢?诸比丘,因为法善说故。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Svākkhāte, bhikkhave, dhammavinaye paṭiggāhakena mattā jānitabbā, no dāyakena. Taṃ kissa hetu? Svākkhātattā, bhikkhave, dhammassā’’ti.
316 “诸比丘,于恶说的法与律中,精进者住于苦。为什么呢?诸比丘,因为法恶说故。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Durakkhāte, bhikkhave, dhammavinaye yo āraddhavīriyo so dukkhaṃ viharati. Taṃ kissa hetu? Durakkhātattā, bhikkhave, dhammassā’’ti.
317 “诸比丘,于善说的法与律中,懈怠者住于苦。为什么呢?诸比丘,因为法善说故。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Svākkhāte, bhikkhave, dhammavinaye yo kusīto so dukkhaṃ viharati. Taṃ kissa hetu? Svākkhātattā, bhikkhave, dhammassā’’ti.
318 “诸比丘,于恶说的法与律中,懈怠之人住于安乐。何以故?诸比丘,因为那是恶说的法。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Durakkhāte, bhikkhave, dhammavinaye yo kusīto so sukhaṃ viharati . Taṃ kissa hetu? Durakkhātattā, bhikkhave, dhammassā’’ti.
319 “诸比丘,于善说的法与律中,精进之人住于安乐。何以故?诸比丘,因为那是善说的法。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Svākkhāte, bhikkhave, dhammavinaye yo āraddhavīriyo so sukhaṃ viharati. Taṃ kissa hetu? Svākkhātattā, bhikkhave, dhammassā’’ti.
320 诸比丘,正如少量粪便亦是恶臭,同样地,诸比丘,对于“有”,即便极微少,我也不赞叹——乃至弹指顷那般微少也不赞叹。显示巴利原文
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, appamattakopi gūtho duggandho hoti; evamevaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, appamattakampi bhavaṃ na vaṇṇemi, antamaso accharāsaṅghātamattampi’’.
321 诸比丘,譬如极少量的尿便是恶臭的……极少量的唾液便是恶臭的……极少量的脓便是恶臭的……极少量的血便是恶臭的;正是如此,诸比丘,极少量的‘有’我亦不赞叹,乃至弹指顷那般微细的‘有’亦不赞叹。显示巴利原文
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, appamattakampi muttaṃ duggandhaṃ hoti… appamattakopi kheḷo duggandho hoti… appamattakopi pubbo duggandho hoti… appamattakampi lohitaṃ duggandhaṃ hoti; evamevaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, appamattakampi bhavaṃ na vaṇṇemi, antamaso accharāsaṅghātamattampi’’.
4. 第四品显示巴利原文
4. Catutthavaggo
第四品显示巴利原文
4. Catutthavaggo
322 “诸比丘,譬如在这赡部洲中,令人悦意的园林、令人悦意的树林、令人悦意的土地、令人悦意的池塘,只是极其少数;而那些高低崎岖的河岸、难以渡过的河流、布满树桩与荆棘之处、崎岖不平的山地,却多得多。同样地,诸比丘,陆生的众生只是少数,而水生的众生则多得多。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, appamattakaṃ imasmiṃ jambudīpe ārāmarāmaṇeyyakaṃ vanarāmaṇeyyakaṃ bhūmirāmaṇeyyakaṃ pokkharaṇirāmaṇeyyakaṃ; atha kho etadeva bahutaraṃ yadidaṃ ukkūlavikūlaṃ nadīviduggaṃ khāṇukaṇṭakaṭṭhānaṃ pabbatavisamaṃ; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye thalajā, atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye odakā’’.
323 同样地,诸比丘,那些能重生于人间的众生,实为少数;而更多众生,是转生到人道之外其余诸趣,才是大多数。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye manussesu paccājāyanti; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye aññatra manussehi paccājāyanti.
同样地,诸比丘,那些能重生于中部地区的众生,实为少数;而更多众生,是转生到边远地区、未经教化的蛮族之中,才是大多数。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye majjhimesu janapadesu paccājāyanti; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye paccantimesu janapadesu paccājāyanti aviññātāresu milakkhesu .
324 同样地,诸比丘,那些具足智慧、不迟钝、不聋不哑、有能力明了善说与恶说义理的众生,实为少数;而更多众生,是智慧低劣、迟钝、如聋似哑、没有能力明了善说与恶说义理,才是大多数。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye paññavanto ajaḷā aneḷamūgā paṭibalā subhāsitadubbhāsitassa atthamaññātuṃ; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye duppaññā jaḷā eḷamūgā na paṭibalā subhāsitadubbhāsitassa atthamaññātuṃ.
325 同样地,诸比丘,具足圣慧眼的众生极为稀少;陷于无明、昏昧不解的众生,才是多数。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye ariyena paññācakkhunā samannāgatā; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye avijjāgatā sammūḷhā.
326 同样地,诸比丘,得以亲见如来的众生极为稀少;不能亲见如来的众生,才是多数。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye labhanti tathāgataṃ dassanāya; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye na labhanti tathāgataṃ dassanāya.
同样地,诸比丘,得以听闻如来所宣说的法与律的众生极为稀少;未能听闻如来所宣说的法与律的众生,才是多数。
显示巴利原文 … Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye labhanti tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savanāya; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye na labhanti tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savanāya.
328 同样地,诸比丘,听闻法之后能受持的众生极为稀少;而更多的众生听闻法之后,不能受持。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye sutvā dhammaṃ dhārenti; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye sutvā dhammaṃ na dhārenti.
329 同样地,诸比丘,对已受持的法能深入审查其义理的众生极为稀少;而更多的众生对已受持的法,不深入审查其义理。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye dhātānaṃ dhammānaṃ atthaṃ upaparikkhanti; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye dhātānaṃ dhammānaṃ atthaṃ na upaparikkhanti.
330 同样地,诸比丘,了知义、了知法之后,能随顺法而行的众生极为稀少;而更多的众生,了知义、了知法之后,不能随顺法而行。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya dhammānudhammaṃ paṭipajjanti; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya dhammānudhammaṃ na paṭipajjanti.
331 同样地,诸比丘,于应警醒之处而能警醒的众生只是少数;而于应警醒之处却未能警醒的众生,才是多数。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye saṃvejaniyesu ṭhānesu saṃvijjanti; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye saṃvejaniyesu ṭhānesu na saṃvijjanti.
332 正是如此,诸比丘,已生警觉而能如理精勤的众生只是少数;而已生警觉却不如理精勤的众生,才是多数。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye saṃviggā yoniso padahanti; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye saṃviggā yoniso na padahanti.
333 同样地,诸比丘,那些以彻底放下为所缘,从而获得定与心一境性的众生只是少数;而那些以彻底放下为所缘,却不能获得定与心一境性的众生,才是多数。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye vavassaggārammaṇaṃ karitvā labhanti samādhiṃ labhanti cittassekaggataṃ ; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye vavassaggārammaṇaṃ karitvā na labhanti samādhiṃ na labhanti cittassekaggataṃ.
334 同样地,诸比丘,能享用最上美味食物的众生实为少数;而那些不能享用最上美味食物,只能靠捡拾和乞讨维生的众生,却是多数。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye annaggarasaggānaṃ lābhino; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye annaggarasaggānaṃ na lābhino, uñchena kapālābhatena yāpenti.
335 ……同样地,诸比丘,获得义味、法味、解脱味的众生是少数,而未获得义味、法味、解脱味的众生,则是多数。因此,诸比丘,你们应当这样修学:‘我们将成为获得义味、法味、解脱味者。’诸比丘,你们确实应当这样修学。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye attharasassa dhammarasassa vimuttirasassa lābhino; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye attharasassa dhammarasassa vimuttirasassa na lābhino. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave , evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – attharasassa dhammarasassa vimuttirasassa lābhino bhavissāmāti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbanti.
336-338 “诸比丘,譬如在这赡部洲,悦意的园林、悦意的树林、悦意的土地、悦意的莲池只是少数;而崎岖不平之地、河流险阻、布满荆棘树桩之处、高低不平的山地,才是多数。同样地,诸比丘,人死后再生为人的众生是少数;而人死后再生于地狱……再生于畜生趣的众生,才是多数。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, appamattakaṃ imasmiṃ jambudīpe ārāmarāmaṇeyyakaṃ vanarāmaṇeyyakaṃ bhūmirāmaṇeyyakaṃ pokkharaṇirāmaṇeyyakaṃ; atha kho etadeva bahutaraṃ yadidaṃ ukkūlavikūlaṃ nadīviduggaṃ khāṇukaṇṭakaṭṭhānaṃ pabbatavisamaṃ. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye manussā cutā manussesu paccājāyanti, atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye manussā cutā niraye paccājāyanti…pe… tiracchānayoniyā paccājāyanti…pe… pettivisaye paccājāyanti’’.
339-341 诸比丘,同样地,人死之后转生天界的众生为数极少;而人死之后转生地狱、畜生趣、饿鬼界的众生则为数众多。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye manussā cutā devesu paccājāyanti; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye manussā cutā niraye paccājāyanti… tiracchānayoniyā paccājāyanti… pettivisaye paccājāyanti.
342-344 诸比丘,同样地,天死之后转生天界的众生为数极少;而天死之后转生地狱、畜生趣、饿鬼界的众生则为数众多。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye devā cutā devesu paccājāyanti; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye devā cutā niraye paccājāyanti… tiracchānayoniyā paccājāyanti… pettivisaye paccājāyanti.
345-347 诸比丘,同样地,天死之后转生人间的众生为数极少;而天死之后转生地狱、畜生趣、饿鬼界的众生则为数众多。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye devā cutā manussesu paccājāyanti; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye devā cutā niraye paccājāyanti… tiracchānayoniyā paccājāyanti… pettivisaye paccājāyanti.
348-350 同样地,诸比丘,那些从地狱死后再生于人间的众生甚为稀少;而那些从地狱死后再生于地狱的众生却为数更多……再生于旁生界的……再生于鬼界的。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye nirayā cutā manussesu paccājāyanti; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye nirayā cutā niraye paccājāyanti… tiracchānayoniyā paccājāyanti… pettivisaye paccājāyanti.
351-353 ……同样地,诸比丘,那些从地狱死后再生于天界的众生甚为稀少;而那些从地狱死后再生于地狱的众生却为数更多……再生于旁生界的……再生于鬼界的。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye nirayā cutā devesu paccājāyanti; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye nirayā cutā niraye paccājāyanti… tiracchānayoniyā paccājāyanti… pettivisaye paccājāyanti.
354-356 同样地,诸比丘,那些从旁生界死后再生于人间的众生甚为稀少;而那些从旁生界死后再生于地狱的众生却为数更多……再生于旁生界的……再生于鬼界的。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye tiracchānayoniyā cutā manussesu paccājāyanti; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye tiracchānayoniyā cutā niraye paccājāyanti… tiracchānayoniyā paccājāyanti… pettivisaye paccājāyanti.
357-359 诸比丘,正是如此,从畜生趣死后转生诸天的众生,为数甚少;而从畜生趣死后,转生地狱、转生畜生趣、转生饿鬼界的众生,却为数众多。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye tiracchānayoniyā cutā devesu paccājāyanti; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye tiracchānayoniyā cutā niraye paccājāyanti… tiracchānayoniyā paccājāyanti… pettivisaye paccājāyanti.
360-362 诸比丘,同样地,从饿鬼界死后转生人间的众生,为数甚少;而从饿鬼界死后,转生地狱、转生畜生趣、转生饿鬼界的众生,却为数众多。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye pettivisayā cutā manussesu paccājāyanti; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye pettivisayā cutā niraye paccājāyanti… tiracchānayoniyā paccājāyanti… pettivisaye paccājāyanti.
363-365 诸比丘,正是如此,从饿鬼界死后转生诸天的众生,为数甚少;而从饿鬼界死后,转生地狱、转生畜生趣、转生饿鬼界的众生,却为数众多。显示巴利原文
… Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye pettivisayā cutā devesu paccājāyanti ; atha kho eteva sattā bahutarā ye pettivisayā cutā niraye paccājāyanti… tiracchānayoniyā paccājāyanti… pettivisaye paccājāyanti.
第十六 一法部显示巴利原文
Ekadhammapāḷi soḷasamo.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
这组在讲什么 本组围绕“单一法”或“一种人”所能造成的决定性影响来编集。佛陀用“我不见有其他任何一法,像此法这样…”的固定句式,从正、反两面反复指出某单一因素(如正见、邪见、如理作意、善说法)就可以决定善法生起或衰退、恶法增长或消灭,乃至决定一个人死后去向。全组以大量世间比例的比喻(阎浮提地貌、众生转生趣向)收尾,强调能值遇佛法、生起正见的生命是极少数,因此应当把握这难得的一法,修习随念等导向涅槃的业处。
出场人物 / 对告众 Pali 中文(经文用名) 角色 Bhagavā 世尊 说法者 bhikkhū 诸比丘 佛陀本组最主要的对告众 Makkhali Gosāla 末伽梨瞿舍利(末迦利愚人) 被列为邪见者的极致代表
核心法义(白话+重点) 这一组的教法重点非常直白: 关键不在于修行项目的多少,而在于方向的对错。 一个根子上的东西如果歪了,后面的一切都会跟着歪;根子正了,后面的一切都会跟着往好的方向发展。经文反复用“邪见”和“正见”作对比。比如:
“拥有邪见的人,不论他的行为、意愿、追求是什么,这一切都会导向不可喜、不可爱、不可意、无利益、痛苦。为什么呢?因为那个见解是恶的。”
→ 拆开看: 佛陀用“苦瓜种子”和“甘蔗种子”作比喻。种子是苦的,无论吸收多少水土养分,长出来的果实也是苦的。人的见解就是那颗“种子”,决定了他一切行为、言语、思惟最终的“味道”。所以,修行不是简单地堆砌善行,最优先、最紧急的就是把“见解”这颗种子换成好的,也就是树立“正见”,相信布施、父母、因果、圣者的存在和世界的正确理解。这组经文还把这种“一法”的威力推及到更广的层面,比如“如理作意”(正确的关注方式)能生起正见,“善说的法(dhamma)”能让精进者得安乐,而“恶说的法”则相反。最后,那连续数十组的“少数/多数”对比则是在提醒:能投生为人、听闻正法、并依法修行的人是“阎浮提的可爱园地”——极其稀少;而相反的情况则如大地上的崎岖险难那般多。这些不是用来令人绝望的,而是用来 激发生起警惕心和精进心 。
→ 要旨: 把握那唯一且关键的决定性因素:“正见”。守护它、培养它,就如同保护一颗能结出甘甜果实的种子,此法导向涅槃;反之,错失它,一切就都导向苦。
关键术语锚 - Diṭṭhi → 见/见解 | 本组核心词。非泛泛“观点”,而是根深蒂固、能塑造行为与来世命运的根本立场,分正(sammā)和邪(micchā)。
- Durakkhāta / Svākkhāta → 恶说 / 善说 | “被恶说的/被善说的”,描述法/律的本质,而非指某人“说得好坏”。“善说的法”本身具足力量,能令依法精进者得安乐。
- Yoniso / Ayoniso manasikāra → 如理 / 非如理作意 | “如理作意”是按“生起的因缘/源头”去注意;它是生起“正见”的直接前因与唯一之“法”。
- Ekadhammo → 一法 | 组名由来。强调“独一法”能促成整体转向涅槃或整体堕落。
- Puggalo (补特伽罗) → 人/个体 | 经文在此用“补特伽罗”(如邪见的补特伽罗、末迦利愚人)旨在说明一个见解颠倒的人对世间影响的巨大破坏力。
- Bhava → 有 | 缘起支第十支,泛指一切存在、再生。经中“哪怕极少量的有,乃至弹指间,我都不赞叹”,是厌离一切再有的极致表达。
代表经(本组重点) - 第一品 (1. 导向涅槃之法,2-10. 十随念)
- 第二品 (11-20. 善法/不善法的生起与衰退之因:正见、邪见)
- 第三品 (21-40. 邪见之苦果与正见之乐果;补特伽罗;法之善说恶说;少量“有”亦不赞叹)
- 第四品 (41-60. 阎浮提喻及众生转生趣向之“少数/多数”说教)