(24) 4. 住处品
(24) 4. Āvāsikavaggo
1. 住处者经
1. Āvāsikasuttaṃ
231“诸比丘!具足五法的住处比丘,为不可敬重者。是哪五种呢?不具足威仪,不具足行仪;不多闻,不持所闻;不修简朴,不乐独处;不具善语,不作善言;智慧低劣,愚钝如哑羊。诸比丘!具足此五法的住处比丘,即为不可敬重者。”
‘‘Pañcahi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu abhāvanīyo hoti. Katamehi pañcahi? Na ākappasampanno hoti na vattasampanno; na bahussuto hoti na sutadharo; na paṭisallekhitā hoti na paṭisallānārāmo; na kalyāṇavāco hoti na kalyāṇavākkaraṇo; duppañño hoti jaḷo eḷamūgo. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu abhāvanīyo hoti.
诸比丘!具足五法的住处比丘,是值得尊敬的。哪五种法呢?威仪具足,行仪具足;多闻,善持所闻;乐独处,喜远离;言语善妙,善于言辞;有智慧,不愚钝,非哑羊。诸比丘!具足这五法的住处比丘,是值得尊敬的。第一
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu bhāvanīyo hoti. Katamehi pañcahi? Ākappasampanno hoti vattasampanno; bahussuto hoti sutadharo; paṭisallekhitā hoti paṭisallānārāmo; kalyāṇavāco hoti kalyāṇavākkaraṇo; paññavā hoti ajaḷo aneḷamūgo. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu bhāvanīyo hotī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
232“诸比丘!具足五法的住处比丘,为同梵行者所喜爱、所悦意、所敬重,值得尊敬。”
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu sabrahmacārīnaṃ piyo ca hoti manāpo ca garu ca bhāvanīyo ca.
哪五种法呢?住处的比丘具足戒行,依巴帝摩卡律仪自制而住,行处与活动圈具足,于微细的罪过也见到怖畏,受持并修习诸学处;他多闻,忆持所闻,积聚所闻,凡是那些初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,宣说纯一圆满清净的梵行之法,他于如是之法多闻、记持,以语言熟习,以意观察,以正见善巧通达;他是善语者,说出善妙的话语,具足文雅、清晰、不含混的言辞,足以宣明义理;他于增上心、现法乐住的四禅那,可随心所欲地获得,轻松获得,不费艰难地获得;他诸漏已尽,于现法中,以自己上的智慧证知并安住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。诸比丘,成就这五种法的住处比丘,为同梵行者所喜爱、所欢喜、所尊重、所称赞。
‘‘Katamehi pañcahi? Sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo, ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti, tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā ; kalyāṇavāco hoti kalyāṇavākkaraṇo poriyā vācāya samannāgato vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā; catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī; āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu sabrahmacārīnaṃ piyo ca hoti manāpo ca garu ca bhāvanīyo cā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
3. 美好经
3. Sobhanasuttaṃ
233诸比丘,住处比丘若成就五法,便能庄严住处。哪五种法呢?他具足戒行……受持并修习诸学处;他多闻……以正见善巧通达;他是善语者,说出善妙的话语,具足文雅、清晰、不含混的言辞,足以宣明义理;他有能力以如法的言说,对前来的人开示、劝勉、鼓舞,令其欢喜;他于增上心、现法乐住的四禅那,可随心所欲地获得,轻松获得,不费艰难地获得。诸比丘,成就这五种法的住处比丘,便能庄严住处。
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu āvāsaṃ sobheti. Katamehi pañcahi? Sīlavā hoti…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; kalyāṇavāco hoti kalyāṇavākkaraṇo poriyā vācāya samannāgato vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā; paṭibalo hoti upasaṅkamante dhammiyā kathāya sandassetuṃ samādapetuṃ samuttejetuṃ sampahaṃsetuṃ; catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu āvāsaṃ sobhetī’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
多助益经
4. Bahūpakārasuttaṃ
234诸比丘,具足五法的住处比丘,对住处有大利益。哪五种法?持戒,……于诸学处受持学习;多闻,……以见善通达;修葺破损之处;若大比丘僧团至,有来自各地的比丘时,他便前往在家众中告知:‘贤友!大比丘僧团已至,有来自各地的比丘,请修福德,这正是修福德之时。’他依其心意,无难无碍,获得四种禅那——增上心的现法乐住。诸比丘,具足此五法的住处比丘,对住处有大利益。第四
‘‘Pañcahi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu āvāsassa bahūpakāro hoti. Katamehi pañcahi? Sīlavā hoti…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; khaṇḍaphullaṃ paṭisaṅkharoti; mahā kho pana bhikkhusaṅgho abhikkanto nānāverajjakā bhikkhū gihīnaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āroceti – ‘mahā kho, āvuso, bhikkhusaṅgho abhikkanto nānāverajjakā bhikkhū, karotha puññāni, samayo puññāni kātu’nti; catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu āvāsassa bahūpakāro hotī’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
哀愍经
5. Anukampasuttaṃ
235诸比丘,具足五法的住处比丘,能悲悯护念在家众。是哪五法?劝导增进戒德;安立于法的正见;前往病人处,令生正念,说道:‘诸具寿,请提起导向阿拉汉的正念’;当大比丘僧团到来,有从各地来的比丘时,他前往在家众处告知:‘贤友们,大比丘僧团已至,有各地比丘来,请修福德,这正是培福之时’;凡他们供养的饮食,无论粗劣还是精美,他都亲自受用,而不浪费信施之物。诸比丘,具足这五法的住处比丘,即能悲悯护念在家众。
‘‘Pañcahi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu gihīnaṃ anukampati. Katamehi pañcahi? Adhisīle samādapeti; dhammadassane niveseti; gilānake upasaṅkamitvā satiṃ uppādeti – ‘arahaggataṃ āyasmanto satiṃ upaṭṭhāpethā’ti; mahā kho pana bhikkhusaṅgho abhikkanto nānāverajjakā bhikkhū gihīnaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āroceti – ‘mahā kho, āvuso, bhikkhusaṅgho abhikkanto nānāverajjakā bhikkhū, karotha puññāni, samayo puññāni kātu’nti; yaṃ kho panassa bhojanaṃ denti lūkhaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā taṃ attanā paribhuñjati, saddhādeyyaṃ na vinipāteti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu gihīnaṃ anukampatī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
6. 第一应受诽谤经
6. Paṭhamaavaṇṇārahasuttaṃ
236“诸比丘,具足五法的住处比丘,犹如被搬运、投掷于地狱。是哪五法?未加审察、未深究,便对不应称赞者妄加称赞;未加审察、未深究,便对应称赞者加以毁谤;未加审察、未深究,便于不应生信之处示现信心;未加审察、未深究,便于应生信之处示现不信;以及浪费信施之物。诸比丘,具足此五法的住处比丘,即如被搬运、投掷于地狱。”
‘‘Pañcahi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Katamehi pañcahi? Ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā avaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā vaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā appasādanīye ṭhāne pasādaṃ upadaṃseti; ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā pasādanīye ṭhāne appasādaṃ upadaṃseti; saddhādeyyaṃ vinipāteti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye.
诸比丘,具足五法的住处比丘,如同被带来般,投生于天界。哪五种呢?审察、详察之后,对确应毁谤者,说其毁谤;审察、详察之后,对确应赞叹者,说其赞叹;审察、详察之后,在不应生信之处,示现不信;审察、详察之后,在应生信之处,示现信心;不浪费信施之物。诸比丘,具足这五法的住处比丘,如同被带来般,投生于天界。」第六经。
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge. Katamehi pañcahi? Anuvicca pariyogāhetvā avaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; anuvicca pariyogāhetvā vaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; anuvicca pariyogāhetvā appasādanīye ṭhāne appasādaṃ upadaṃseti; anuvicca pariyogāhetvā pasādanīye ṭhāne pasādaṃ upadaṃseti; saddhādeyyaṃ na vinipāteti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
7. 第二应受毁谤经
7. Dutiyaavaṇṇārahasuttaṃ
237“诸比丘,具足五法的住处比丘,如同被带来般,投生于地狱。哪五种呢?不审察、不详察,对确应毁谤者说其赞叹;不审察、不详察,对确应赞叹者说其毁谤;对住处悭吝、执着,对俗家悭吝、执着;浪费信施之物。诸比丘,具足这五法的住处比丘,如同被带来般,投生于地狱。」”
‘‘Pañcahi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Katamehi pañcahi? Ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā avaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā vaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; āvāsamaccharī hoti āvāsapaligedhī; kulamaccharī hoti kulapaligedhī; saddhādeyyaṃ vinipāteti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye.
诸比丘,具足五法的常住比丘,犹如被带来弃置一般,必定投生天界。哪五种呢?经过审察、详察,对应当呵责者予以呵责;经过审察、详察,对应当赞叹者予以赞叹;不悭吝住处,不贪著住处;不悭吝俗家,不贪著俗家;不浪费信施之物。诸比丘,具足这五法的常住比丘,犹如被带来弃置一般,必定投生天界。
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge. Katamehi pañcahi? Anuvicca pariyogāhetvā avaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; anuvicca pariyogāhetvā vaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; na āvāsamaccharī hoti na āvāsapaligedhī; na kulamaccharī hoti na kulapaligedhī; saddhādeyyaṃ na vinipāteti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
8. 第三应受呵责经
8. Tatiyaavaṇṇārahasuttaṃ
238诸比丘,具足五法的常住比丘,犹如被带来弃置一般,必定投生地狱。哪五种呢?未经审察、未经详察,便对应当呵责者加以赞叹;未经审察、未经详察,便对应当赞叹者加以呵责;于住处悭吝;于俗家悭吝;于利养悭吝。诸比丘,具足这五法的常住比丘,犹如被带来弃置一般,必定投生地狱。
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Katamehi pañcahi? Ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā avaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā vaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; āvāsamaccharī hoti; kulamaccharī hoti; lābhamaccharī hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye.
“诸比丘,具足五法的住处比丘,如被带来般,命终即投生天界。哪五种呢?经审察、详察之后,对应被呵责者而呵责;对应被赞叹者而赞叹;不悭吝住处,不悭吝俗家,不悭吝利养。诸比丘,具足此五法的住处比丘,如被带来般,命终即投生天界。第八经。”
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge. Katamehi pañcahi? Anuvicca pariyogāhetvā avaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati; anuvicca pariyogāhetvā vaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati ; na āvāsamaccharī hoti; na kulamaccharī hoti ; na lābhamaccharī hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
9. 第一悭吝经
9. Paṭhamamacchariyasuttaṃ
239“诸比丘,具足五法的住处比丘,如被带来般,命终即投生地狱。哪五种呢?于住处悭吝,于俗家悭吝,于利养悭吝,于赞叹悭吝,并浪费信施之物。诸比丘,具足此五法的住处比丘,如被带来般,命终即投生地狱。”
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Katamehi pañcahi? Āvāsamaccharī hoti; kulamaccharī hoti; lābhamaccharī hoti; vaṇṇamaccharī hoti; saddhādeyyaṃ vinipāteti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye.
诸比丘,具足五法的常住比丘,犹如被带来一般,投生于天界。哪五种呢?于住处无悭吝,于俗家无悭吝,于利养无悭吝,于称赞无悭吝,不浪费信施之物。诸比丘,具足此五法的常住比丘,犹如被带来一般,投生于天界。第九经。
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge. Katamehi pañcahi? Na āvāsamaccharī hoti; na kulamaccharī hoti; na lābhamaccharī hoti; na vaṇṇamaccharī hoti; saddhādeyyaṃ na vinipāteti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge’’ti. Navamaṃ.
10. 第二悭吝经
10. Dutiyamacchariyasuttaṃ
240诸比丘,具足五法的常住比丘,犹如被带来一般,投生于地狱。哪五种呢?于住处悭吝,于俗家悭吝,于利养悭吝,于称赞悭吝,于法悭吝。诸比丘,具足此五法的常住比丘,犹如被带来一般,投生于地狱。
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Katamehi pañcahi? Āvāsamaccharī hoti; kulamaccharī hoti; lābhamaccharī hoti; vaṇṇamaccharī hoti; dhammamaccharī hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye.
“比丘们,具足五法的住寺比丘,犹如供物般被安置于天界。哪五种法呢?不悭吝住处,不悭吝家族,不悭吝利养,不悭吝称赞,不悭吝法。比丘们,具足这五法的住寺比丘,犹如供物般被安置于天界。”第十经。
‘‘Pañcahi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge. Katamehi pañcahi? Na āvāsamaccharī hoti; na kulamaccharī hoti; na lābhamaccharī hoti; na vaṇṇamaccharī hoti; na dhammamaccharī hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
住处者品第四
Āvāsikavaggo catuttho.
常住者、可爱者与庄严者,
多所饶益者与悲愍者;
三种不应受呵责者,
及二种悭吝。
Āvāsiko piyo ca sobhano, Bahūpakāro anukampako ca; Tayo avaṇṇārahā ceva, Macchariyā duvepi cāti .