应悔过篇
Pāṭidesanīyakaṇḍaṃ
一、第一应悔过学处注释
1. Paṭhamapāṭidesanīyasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā
「已入内宅」:指已进入街道、里巷、十字路口或房屋。「不适宜」:指对天界与解脱不利、不顺的。应知,若比丘尼站在内宅中施与,此时便犯戒;而比丘所站之处则无此限定。因此说“从‘已入内宅’之语”等。「在内园等处」:指内园、比丘尼住处、外道卧处、退回处等。其中,“街道”指道路;“里巷”指并未完全贯通、有往来的通道;“十字路口”指四角或三角的道路交会处;“房屋”指人家之屋。若站在街道等处施与,受取者犯戒,在象厩等处也应如此理解。
Antaragharaṃpaviṭṭhāyāti rathikaṃ byūhaṃ siṅghāṭakaṃ gharaṃ paviṭṭhāya. Asappāyanti saggamokkhānaṃ ahitaṃ ananukūlaṃ. Bhikkhuniyā antaraghare ṭhatvā dadamānāya vasenettha āpatti veditabbā, bhikkhussa ṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ pana appamāṇaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘antaragharaṃ paviṭṭhāyāti vacanato’’tiādi. Antarārāmādīsūti antarārāmabhikkhunupassayatitthiyaseyyāpaṭikkamanesu. Rathiyābyūhasiṅghāṭakagharānanti ettha rathiyāti racchā. Byūhanti anibbijjhitvā ṭhitā gatapaccāgataracchā. Siṅghāṭakanti catukkoṇaṃ vā tikoṇaṃ vā maggasamodhānaṭṭhānaṃ. Gharanti kulagharaṃ. Yathā ca rathiyādīsu ṭhatvā dadamānāya gaṇhato āpatti, evaṃ hatthisālādīsupi daṭṭhabbaṃ.
“对时限药等,受取犯恶作,吞咽亦犯恶作”一语,是就未与食物混合而说;若已混合成一味,则唯成悔过。“从一方受具足戒者”,是指从比丘尼处受具足戒者;若从比丘处受具足戒者,则依其事而定。
‘‘Yāmakālikādīsu paṭiggahaṇepi ajjhoharaṇepi dukkaṭa’’nti idaṃ āmisena asambhinnaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, sambhinne pana ekarase pāṭidesanīyameva. Ekato upasampannāyāti bhikkhunīnaṃ santike upasampannāya, bhikkhūnaṃ santike upasampannāya pana yathāvatthukameva.
“或令亲属女施与”者,指自己不施与,而令某位亲属女施与,其义为非亲属女。“或放下而施与”者,指置于地上,说“圣尊,我将此施与您”而施与。如是所施之物,说“善哉,姊妹”而接受后,由那位比丘尼自身,或令其他任何人受取,此物可食用。
Ñātikāya vā dāpentiyāti sayaṃ adatvā yāya kāyaci ñātikāya dāpentiyā, aññātikāyāti attho. Upanikkhipitvā vā dadamānāyāti bhūmiyaṃ ṭhapetvā ‘‘idaṃ, ayya, tumhākaṃ dammī’’ti dadamānāya. Evaṃ dinnaṃ ‘‘sādhu, bhaginī’’ti sampaṭicchitvā tāya eva vā bhikkhuniyā, aññena vā kenaci paṭiggahāpetvā idaṃ bhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati.
二、第二应悔过学处注释
2. Dutiyapāṭidesanīyasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā
“凡受取而食用者”,这是连接语。于“或令施与自己之食”中,即使她施与自己之食,依此学处亦无犯,依前学处则有犯。于“或施与他人之食”中,若令她施与,依此学处则有犯;若她自行施与,则既不依此学处,亦不依前学处而有犯。
Yo ca paṭiggahetvā bhuñjatīti sambandho. Attano vā bhattaṃ dāpentiyāti ettha sacepi attano bhattaṃ deti, iminā sikkhāpadena anāpattiyeva, purimasikkhāpadena āpatti. Aññesaṃ vā bhattaṃ dentiyāti ettha pana sace dāpeyya, iminā sikkhāpadena āpatti bhaveyya, dentiyā pana neva iminā, na purimena āpatti.
三、第三应悔过学处注释
3. Tatiyapāṭidesanīyasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā
“已得学家认可者”:指通过白二甘马获得学家认可者。对于那因信心增长而财富减损的家族,正是以白二甘马给予学家认可,此处是就这种情况而说。
Laddhasekkhasammutikānīti ñattidutiyena kammena laddhasekkhasammutikāni. Yañhi kulaṃ saddhāya vaḍḍhati, bhogena hāyati, evarūpassa kulassa ñattidutiyena kammena sekkhasammutiṃ denti, taṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ.
“从屋中取出者”:从屋中取出后,带到座堂或寺院。因此说“或在座堂等处”。此句与“施与者”关联。“或施与置于门口者”:指施与放在门口、后来才到的人。但若见到比丘后从屋内取出而施与,则不被允许。“常施食”:指应恒常施与的食物。“筹食”:以木心制成的筹,或以竹、藤、贝叶等制成的牌,写上“某某名的筹食”等文字,令取后施与的食物。“半月食”:每半个月中一日应施与的食物。“布萨食”:布萨日应施与的食物。“月初食”:月初之日应施与的食物。
Gharato nīharitvāti gharato āsanasālaṃ vā vihāraṃ vā ānetvā. Tenāha ‘‘āsanasālādīsu vā’’ti. Imassa ‘‘dentī’’ti iminā sambandho. Dvāramūle vā ṭhapitaṃ dentīti dvāramūle ṭhapitaṃ pacchā sampattassa denti. Bhikkhuṃ pana disvā antogehato nīharitvā diyyamānaṃ na vaṭṭati. Niccabhattaketi niccaṃ dātabbabhattake. Salākabhatteti rukkhasāramayāya salākāya vā veḷuvilīvatālapaṇṇādimayāya paṭṭikāya vā ‘‘asukassa nāma salākabhatta’’nti evaṃ akkharāni upanibandhitvā gāhāpetvā dātabbabhatte. Pakkhiketi ekasmiṃ pakkhe ekadivase dātabbabhatte. Uposathiketi uposathe dātabbabhatte. Pāṭipadiketi pāṭipadadivase dātabbabhatte.
四、第四应巴底德萨尼学处注释
4. Catutthapāṭidesanīyasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā
“为其作伴随,或与彼一起多者”:在告知粥之后,心想“难道只施清淡的粥吗?我等当以糕饼、饭食等作为此粥的伴随而施”,从而为那种嚼食或啖食作伴随,或与它一起,无论多少皆可带来。“嚼食”只是举例,因为也意含“或啖食”。“与彼一起携来”:与它一起带来自己的应施物。“告知粥后,带来糕饼或饭食,此亦允许”——这在《库伦地注疏》中如此说。
Tassa parivāraṃ katvā, aññaṃ vā tena saddhiṃ bahukampīti yāguyā paṭisaṃviditaṃ katvā ‘‘kiṃ suddhāya yāguyā dinnāya, pūvabhattādīnipi etissā yāguyā parivāraṃ katvā, dassāmā’’tiādinā tassa khādanīyassa vā bhojanīyassa vā parivāraṃ katvā, aññaṃ vā yaṃ kiñci tena saddhiṃ bahukampi āharīyatu. Khādanīyanti nidassanamattaṃ ‘‘bhojanīyaṃ vā’’tipi icchitabbattā. Tena saddhiṃ āharantūti tena saddhiṃ attano deyyadhammaṃ āharantu. ‘‘Yāguyā paṭisaṃviditaṃ katvā pūvaṃ vā bhattaṃ vā āharanti, etampi vaṭṭatī’’ti (pāci. aṭṭha. 573) kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ.
“或已告知病者之残余”:是指“已告知”与“病者”合为“已告知病者”,其残余,即已告知者与病者的残余。为某一位病者作告知后携来的食物,其残余,其他比丘也可受用。或者,为四人或五人作告知后为众多人携来,若转施与他人,此亦是已告知的残余,所有人皆可受用。若有剩余,除去储藏而放置,次日亦可受用。为病者所携来的残余也同理。然而,若未作告知而携来,则应遣送至寺院之外,令其作告知后再携回;或者,比丘们可前往寺院途中接取。若有经由寺院中间而过的路人,或是林野行者等从林中带来布施,也应按前述方式令其作告知。然而,在某些典籍中可见“作告知而携来,或病者之残余”的读法,此不应采纳。“或于彼处所生”:指在寺院中所生长的。“根果等”:如根、果、嫩叶、叶等,由他人作净后施予,受用者无罪。但若将这些拿到村落煮熟后再带来,则不允许。应当作告知。
Paṭisaṃviditagilānāvasesakaṃ vāti paṭisaṃviditañca gilāno ca paṭisaṃviditagilānā, tesaṃ avasesakaṃ, paṭisaṃviditassa ca gilānassa ca sesakanti attho. Ekassatthāya paṭisaṃviditaṃ katvā āhaṭaṃ, tassa sesakaṃ aññassāpi paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati. Catunnaṃ vā pañcannaṃ vā paṭisaṃviditaṃ katvā bahūnaṃ āhaṭaṃ hoti, aññesampi dātuṃ icchanti, etampi paṭisaṃviditasesakameva, sabbesampi vaṭṭati. Atha adhikameva hoti, sannidhiṃ mocetvā ṭhapitaṃ dutiyadivasepi vaṭṭati. Gilānassāhaṭāvasesepi eseva nayo. Yaṃ pana appaṭisaṃviditameva katvā ābhataṃ, taṃ bahiārāmaṃ pesetvā paṭisaṃviditaṃ kāretvā āharāpetabbaṃ, bhikkhūhi vā gantvā antarāmagge gahetabbaṃ. Yampi vihāramajjhena gacchanto vā vanacarakādayo vā vanato āharitvā denti, purimanayeneva paṭisaṃviditaṃ kāretabbaṃ. Katthaci pana potthakesu ‘‘paṭisaṃviditaṃ katvā āhaṭaṃ vā gilānāvasesakaṃ vā’’ti pāṭho dissati, so na gahetabbo. Tatthajātakameva vāti ārāme jātakameva. Mūlaphalādinti mūlaphalatacapattādiṃ aññena kappiyaṃ katvā dinnaṃ paribhuñjato anāpatti. Sace pana taṃ gāmaṃ haritvā pacitvā āharanti, na vaṭṭati. Paṭisaṃviditaṃ kāretabbaṃ.