十一、五百结集篇
11. Pañcasatikakkhandhako
小小学处论注释
Khuddānukhuddakasikkhāpadakathāvaṇṇanā
437437.在五百结集篇的圣典中,“友,你不知我们的导师吗?”此句,长老虽自知世尊已般涅槃,仍如此发问,仅为告知与他同行的比丘众,并让比丘们了解须跋陀这位老年出家者对教法的反对言论。因为须跋陀在拘尸那罗,于对世尊深具净信的刹帝利等在家众当中,听闻世尊般涅槃时,虽然欢喜踊跃,但因畏惧而不敢以言语显露欢喜之相;但在此僻静处听闻后,便会顺势展露他自己的恶见。由此可知,长老明知此事,而欲以此为缘由,向比丘们揭示此事,令比丘们奋起结集法与律,以挫败此恶性比丘及其他类似者的愿望,并使教法长久住世,故而如此发问。因此,长老以“友,我曾一时”等语显示须跋陀之言后,结集了法与律。“异性”者,指因身体处于不同地域而有的性,意为别离。“无性”者,指因死亡而分离。“变异性”者,指因往生他处而成为不同的相状。
437. Pañcasatikakkhandhake pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘apāvuso, amhākaṃ satthāraṃ jānāsī’’ti idaṃ thero sayaṃ bhagavato parinibbutabhāvaṃ jānantopi attanā sahagatabhikkhuparisāya ñāpanatthameva, subhaddassa vuḍḍhapabbajitassa sāsanassa paṭipakkhavacanaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ viññāpanatthañca evaṃ pucchi. Subhaddo hi kusinārāyaṃ bhagavati abhippasannāya khattiyādigahaṭṭhaparisāya majjhe bhagavato parinibbānaṃ sutvā haṭṭhapahaṭṭhopi bhayena pahaṭṭhākāraṃ vācāya pakāsetuṃ na sakkhissati, idheva pana vijanapadese sutvā yathājjhāsayaṃ attano pāpaladdhiṃ pakāsessati, tato tameva paccayaṃ dassetvā bhikkhū samussāhetvā dhammavinayasaṅgahaṃ kāretvā etassa pāpabhikkhussa, aññesañca īdisānaṃ manorathavighātaṃ, sāsanaṭṭhitiñca karissāmīti jānantova taṃ pucchīti veditabbaṃ. Teneva thero ‘‘ekamidāhaṃ, āvuso, samaya’’ntiādinā subhaddavacanameva dassetvā dhammavinayaṃ saṅgāyāpesi. Nānābhāvoti sarīrena nānādesabhāvo, vippavāsoti attho. Vinābhāvoti maraṇena viyujjanaṃ. Aññathābhāvoti bhavantarūpagamanena aññākārappatti.
441441.“若欲……乃至……应废除”此句,因世尊说“若欲”之故,不见有连一条学处也应废除者,又见废除有过失,结集法的比丘们应视为,以“未制者不应制,已制者不应废”等,进而以这样的意趣而说:“以如同制定那样、不可动摇的甘马语宣布后,受持而行,从此直至教法隐没,诸学处将不可违越。”因此,大长老们也如此奉行。
441.‘‘Ākaṅkhamāno…pe… samūhaneyyā’’ti idaṃ bhagavā mayā ‘‘ākaṅkhamāno’’ti vuttattā ekasikkhāpadampi samūhanitabbaṃ apassantā, samūhane ca dosaṃ disvā dhammasaṅgahakā bhikkhū ‘‘apaññattaṃ na paññāpessāma, paññattaṃ na samucchindissāmā’’tiādinā puna ‘‘paññattisadisāya akuppāya kammavācāya sāvetvā samādāya vattissanti, tato yāva sāsanantaradhānā appaṭibāhiyāni sikkhāpadāni bhavissantī’’ti iminā adhippāyena avocāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Teneva mahātherāpi tatheva paṭipajjiṃsu.
“在家所知”者,指为在家人所知,意即为刹帝利、大富豪等在家人所知。“火葬烟时”者,指其自身的存续以火葬烟之时为终结。
Gihigatānīti gihīsu gatāni. Khattiyamahāsārādigihīhi ñātānīti attho. Citakadhūmakālo attano pavattipariyosānabhūto etassāti dhūmakālikaṃ.
443“虽作粗显之相”者:指当作出“阿难,如来若愿意,可住一劫或一劫余”这般较粗显的暗示——即作为“世尊,请住一劫”请求因缘的许可之相时。“被魔所缠之心”者,指被魔附著之心。
443.Oḷārikenimitte kariyamānepīti ‘‘ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, tathāgato kappaṃ vā tiṭṭheyya kappāvasesaṃ vā’’ti evaṃ thūlatare ‘‘tiṭṭhatu, bhagavā, kappa’’nti yācanahetubhūte okāsanimitte kamme kariyamāne. Mārena pariyuṭṭhitacittoti mārena āviṭṭhacitto.
445“逆流而行”者,指逆流而行。“恶劣的断灭”者,指切割、断坏、毁灭,即家族灭绝,是无意义的断除。“不行彼”者,指不导致此家族灭绝。
445.Ujjavanikāyāti paṭisotagāminiyā. Kucchito lavo chedo vināso kulavo, niratthakaviniyogo. Taṃ na gacchantīti na kulavaṃ gamenti.