第11章 五百结集篇
11. Pañcasatikakkhandhako
小小学处论的注释
Khuddānukhuddakasikkhāpadakathāvaṇṇanā
437在《五百结集篇》的圣典中，有一句“贤友，你不知道我们的导师吗？”长老虽然自己已经知道世尊般涅槃了，但这样问，只是为了让他身边的比丘众知道这件事，也是为了让比丘们了解须跋陀这位年老出家者对教法的反对言论。因为须跋陀在拘尸那罗，身处对世尊深具净信的刹帝利等在家众中间，听到世尊般涅槃时，虽然满心欢喜，却因为害怕而不敢用言语表露出欢喜的样子；但在这里僻静的地方听到之后，他就会随自己的心意，把自己的恶见公开说出来。长老正是知道这一点，才想借此因缘，激励比丘们结集法与律，从而挫败这个恶比丘和其他类似之人的愿望，并使教法长久住世，所以才这样问。因此，长老用“贤友，我曾一时”等语引出须跋陀的话之后，便让大众结集了法与律。“异性”是指身体处在不同地方，意思是别离。“无性”是指因死亡而分离。“变异性”是指因往生到别处而变成不同的样子。
437. Pañcasatikakkhandhake pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘apāvuso, amhākaṃ satthāraṃ jānāsī’’ti idaṃ thero sayaṃ bhagavato parinibbutabhāvaṃ jānantopi attanā sahagatabhikkhuparisāya ñāpanatthameva, subhaddassa vuḍḍhapabbajitassa sāsanassa paṭipakkhavacanaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ viññāpanatthañca evaṃ pucchi. Subhaddo hi kusinārāyaṃ bhagavati abhippasannāya khattiyādigahaṭṭhaparisāya majjhe bhagavato parinibbānaṃ sutvā haṭṭhapahaṭṭhopi bhayena pahaṭṭhākāraṃ vācāya pakāsetuṃ na sakkhissati, idheva pana vijanapadese sutvā yathājjhāsayaṃ attano pāpaladdhiṃ pakāsessati, tato tameva paccayaṃ dassetvā bhikkhū samussāhetvā dhammavinayasaṅgahaṃ kāretvā etassa pāpabhikkhussa, aññesañca īdisānaṃ manorathavighātaṃ, sāsanaṭṭhitiñca karissāmīti jānantova taṃ pucchīti veditabbaṃ. Teneva thero ‘‘ekamidāhaṃ, āvuso, samaya’’ntiādinā subhaddavacanameva dassetvā dhammavinayaṃ saṅgāyāpesi. Nānābhāvoti sarīrena nānādesabhāvo, vippavāsoti attho. Vinābhāvoti maraṇena viyujjanaṃ. Aññathābhāvoti bhavantarūpagamanena aññākārappatti.
441“若想要……乃至……应当废除”这句话，因为世尊是我说“若想要”的缘故，是看不到哪怕一条学处也该废除的；又看到废除有过失，所以结集法的比丘们应当理解为：世尊是以这样的意图而说——“以如同制定那样、不可动摇的羯磨语宣布之后，受持而行，从此直到教法隐没，诸学处都将不可违越”，也就是依“未制者不应制，已制者不应废”等语。正因如此，大长老们也都照这样实行。
441.‘‘Ākaṅkhamāno…pe… samūhaneyyā’’ti idaṃ bhagavā mayā ‘‘ākaṅkhamāno’’ti vuttattā ekasikkhāpadampi samūhanitabbaṃ apassantā, samūhane ca dosaṃ disvā dhammasaṅgahakā bhikkhū ‘‘apaññattaṃ na paññāpessāma, paññattaṃ na samucchindissāmā’’tiādinā puna ‘‘paññattisadisāya akuppāya kammavācāya sāvetvā samādāya vattissanti, tato yāva sāsanantaradhānā appaṭibāhiyāni sikkhāpadāni bhavissantī’’ti iminā adhippāyena avocāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Teneva mahātherāpi tatheva paṭipajjiṃsu.
“在家所至”是指到在家人那里。意思是：被刹帝利大富豪等在家人所知道。“火葬烟时”是指自己的生命延续以火葬的烟为终点。
Gihigatānīti gihīsu gatāni. Khattiyamahāsārādigihīhi ñātānīti attho. Citakadhūmakālo attano pavattipariyosānabhūto etassāti dhūmakālikaṃ.
443即使有人正在造作粗显的相时：所谓“阿难，如来若有意愿，可以住一劫或一劫有余”，当这样较粗显的、成为请求“世尊请住一劫”之因的机缘之相正在被造作时。被魔缠心：指心被魔侵入。
443.Oḷārikenimitte kariyamānepīti ‘‘ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, tathāgato kappaṃ vā tiṭṭheyya kappāvasesaṃ vā’’ti evaṃ thūlatare ‘‘tiṭṭhatu, bhagavā, kappa’’nti yācanahetubhūte okāsanimitte kamme kariyamāne. Mārena pariyuṭṭhitacittoti mārena āviṭṭhacitto.
445“逆流而行”是指逆着水流的方向走。“恶劣的断灭”是指切割、断坏、毁灭，也就是恶损，是无意义的浪费。“不行彼”是指不导致这种恶损。
445.Ujjavanikāyāti paṭisotagāminiyā. Kucchito lavo chedo vināso kulavo, niratthakaviniyogo. Taṃ na gacchantīti na kulavaṃ gamenti.
