12. 七百犍度
12. Sattasatikakkhandhako
十事论注释
Dasavatthukathāvaṇṇanā
446【七百犍度】“以比丘众”,即以比丘之数目而言。“摩希”,即河也。
446. Sattasatikakkhandhake bhikkhaggenāti bhikkhugaṇanāya. Mahīti himaṃ.
447“为无明所覆”,即被无明的障碍所覆蔽、所遮盖。“无智者”,即无有智慧者。“已说为随烦恼”,即对于这些沙门、婆罗门而言,这些饮酒等行为,已被说为是他们的随烦恼。“带有导向的”,即与渴爱的导向相伴随,带有导向的。
447.Avijjānivutāti avijjānīvaraṇena nivutā paṭicchannā. Aviddasūti aññāṇino. Upakkilesā vuttāti tesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ete surāpānādayo upakkilesāti vuttā. Nettiyā taṇhāya sahitā sanettikā.
450-1“阿何刚伽”,是那座山的名字。“应预先前往”,即在那件诤事将要平息之处,比丘们将会聚集,而我应当最先前往那里。“抵达了”,即已到达了。
450-1.Ahogaṅgoti tassa pabbatassa nāmaṃ. Paṭikacceva gaccheyyanti yattha naṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasamituṃ bhikkhū sannipatissanti, tatthāhaṃ paṭhamameva gaccheyyaṃ. Sambhāvesunti sampāpuṇiṃsu.
452“无盐”是指无盐的饭食或菜肴。“已备”是指一切资具都已备办;也有版本读作“未备”。
452.Aloṇikanti loṇarahitaṃ bhattaṃ, byañjanaṃ vā. Āsutāti sabbasambhārasajjitā, ‘‘asuttā’’ti vā pāṭho.
453“逆行”是指乘船逆流而行。“东方的”是指因生于东方,故指瓦基族人而言。“巴韦亚的”是指住在巴韦亚地方的人。
453.Ujjaviṃsūti nāvāya paṭisotaṃ gacchiṃsu. Pācīnakāti puratthimadisāya jātattā vajjiputtake sandhāya vuttaṃ. Pāveyyakāti pāveyyadesavāsino.
454“具寿,您不是长老吗?”这是说:“您不是已离依止的长老吗?为何那位长老要驱摈您?”这是破和合之语。“我等取重依止”,意谓:即使我等已离依止,也仍要依止一位应受尊敬的师长而住。
454.Nanu tvaṃ, āvuso, vuḍḍhoti nanu tvaṃ thero nissayamutto, kasmā taṃ thero paṇāmesīti bhedavacanaṃ vadanti. Garunissayaṃ gaṇhāmāti nissayamuttāpi mayaṃ ekaṃ sambhāvanīyagaruṃ nissayabhūtaṃ gahetvāva vasissāmāti adhippāyo.
455“根本施主”:指最初十事的施主,即寺院住持。“世间僧团长老”:指当时世间一切比丘中,戒腊最长者。“以空性住”:此语是就以空性为门而证得的果定而言。
455.Mūlādāyakāti paṭhamaṃ dasavatthūnaṃ dāyakā, āvāsikāti attho. Pathabyā saṅghattheroti loke sabbabhikkhūnaṃ tadā upasampadāya vuḍḍho. Suññatāvihārenāti suññatāmukhena adhigataphalasamāpattiṃ sandhāya vadati.
457“于经分别中”:即于逐句分析之处。此处之所以这样说,是因为在“若有比丘,储存副食或主食”(《波逸提》第253条)这条经中,只涉及日限食物;而储存的岩盐属于终身药,若将其与食物混合受用,便会依经分别的方法成立波逸提。为了证明此波逸提已载于经分别中,故说“如何于经分别中”等语。实际上,当时盐虽已被储存,瓦基子比丘等人却对混盐的食物误以为无罪,心想:“这是盐,已被储存,并非副食或主食。”为向持此见解者显示其犯戒,故引出“于储存之情况下,误以为未储存”这一经分别,应如此了知。
457.Suttavibhaṅgeti padabhājanīye. Idañca ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu sannidhikārakaṃ khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā’’ti (pāci. 253) sutte yāvakālikasseva parāmaṭṭhattā siṅgīloṇassa yāvajīvikassa sannidhikatassa āmisena saddhiṃ paribhoge pācittiyaṃ vibhaṅganayeneva sijjhatīti vuttaṃ, taṃ pana pācittiyaṃ vibhaṅge āgatabhāvaṃ sādhetuṃ ‘‘kathaṃ suttavibhaṅge’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha hi loṇamettha sannidhikataṃ, na khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyanti loṇamissabhojane vajjiputtakā anavajjasaññino ahesuṃ. Tathāsaññīnampi nesaṃ āpattidassanatthaṃ ‘‘sannidhikāre asannidhikārasaññī’’ti idaṃ suttavibhaṅgaṃ uddhaṭanti veditabbaṃ.
“与彼共”:指与先前已受取的盐共用。“于此应有恶作”:其意趣如下:经文并未说“比丘们,以时药受取终身药”,而是说“当日受取”。依此语之势,可以成立:先前受取的终身药,即使在适宜时分,若与时药混合其味,亦不得受用,于此应有恶作。“亦不应有恶作”:其意趣如下:若认为因储存而有恶作,则因终身盐本无储存之过失,故不应有恶作;若又认为因与食物混合味道,该食物已归属于食物之性质,便以为没有恶作——然而,此时应唯以波逸提论处,因其已趋入食物之性质故。在此,亦非以“终身药”等语来证明无恶作。
Tena saddhinti purepaṭiggahitaloṇena saddhiṃ. Dukkaṭenettha bhavitabbanti ‘‘yāvakālikena, bhikkhave, yāvajīvikaṃ paṭiggahita’’nti avatvā ‘‘tadahupaṭiggahita’’nti vacanasāmatthiyato purepaṭiggahitaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ yāvakālikena saddhiṃ sambhinnarasaṃ kālepi na kappatīti sijjhati, tattha dukkaṭena bhavitabbanti adhippāyo. Dukkaṭenapi na bhavitabbanti yadi hi sannidhikārapaccayā dukkaṭaṃ maññatha, yāvajīvikassa loṇassa sannidhidosābhāvā dukkaṭena na bhavitabbaṃ, atha āmisena sambhinnarasassa tassa āmisagatikattā dukkaṭaṃ mā maññatha. Tadā ca hi pācittiyeneva bhavitabbaṃ āmisattupagamanatoti adhippāyo. Na hi ettha yāvajīvikantiādināpi dukkaṭābhāvaṃ samattheti.
在巴利圣典中,凡‘于王舍城之经分别’等处,皆应理解为‘于经中及于分别中’。诸如非时食等,既然在经中已被遮止,若逾越律制,便是违越律藏——名为‘越律’。‘所谓坐具,有边与无边之说,这见于分别中’——此句是为了说明该内容也见于分别之中而说。所谓‘以此为量者’,是指以善逝的一磔手之三磔手量为准;而边则取二磔手量。其意趣在于:无边坐具也同样如法。其余此处及下文各处,皆甚易了知。
Pāḷiyaṃ rājagahe suttavibhaṅgetiādīsu sabbattha sutte ca vibhaṅge cāti attho gahetabbo. Tassa tassa vikālabhojanādino suttepi paṭikkhittattā vinayassa atisaraṇaṃ atikkamo vinayātisāro. ‘‘Nisīdanaṃ nāma sadasaṃ vuccatīti āgata’’nti idaṃ vibhaṅge ca āgatadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Taṃ pamāṇaṃ karontassāti sugatavidatthiyā vidatthittayappamāṇaṃ karontassa, dasāya pana vidatthidvayappamāṇaṃ kataṃ. Adasakampi nisīdanaṃ vaṭṭati evāti adhippāyo. Sesamidha heṭṭhā sabbattha suviññeyyameva.