第九 瞻波犍度
9. Campeyyakkhandhakaṃ
迦叶姓比丘事论注释
Kassapagottabhikkhuvatthukathāvaṇṇanā
380380.于《瞻波犍度》中,“瞻波”(campāyaṃ)意为名为瞻波的城市。该城的园林、池塘等处,处处盛产瞻波树(campaka),故得名为“瞻波”。在伽伽罗池岸边:距瞻波城不远处,有一位名伽伽罗的王后所掘之池,故被称为“伽伽罗”。池岸边有一片广大的瞻波林,点缀着蓝等五色花。世尊便住在那花香馥郁的瞻波林中。就此而言,故说“在伽伽罗池岸边”。“Tantibaddho”:tanti指事务、劳作,baddho意为系缚于此、从事、精勤努力,即承担责任。意指,他在该住处建造未建的房舍,修补破旧的,并对已建成的行管理之责。因此说“由于在该住处有应做之事,故为事务系缚者”,意为对应作之事发起了精勤努力。
380. Campeyyakkhandhake campāyanti evaṃnāmake nagare. Tassa hi nagarassa ārāmapokkharaṇīādīsu tesu tesu ṭhānesu campakarukkhāva ussannā ahesuṃ, tasmā ‘‘campā’’ti saṅkhaṃ agamāsi. Gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīreti tassa campānagarassa avidūre gaggarāya nāma rājamahesiyā khaṇitattā ‘‘gaggarā’’ti laddhavohārā pokkharaṇī atthi, tassā tīre samantato nīlādipañcavaṇṇakusumapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ mahantaṃ campakavanaṃ, tasmiṃ bhagavā kusumagandhasugandhe campakavane viharati. Taṃ sandhāya ‘‘gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre’’ti vuttaṃ. Tantibaddhoti tanti vuccati byāpāro, tattha baddho pasuto ussukkaṃ āpannoti attho, tasmiṃ āvāse akataṃ senāsanaṃ karoti, jiṇṇaṃ paṭisaṅkharoti, kate issaro hotīti adhippāyo. Tenāha ‘‘tasmiṃ āvāse kattabbattā tantipaṭibaddho’’ti, kattabbakamme ussāhamāpannoti attho.
关于白文缺失的羯磨等之论的注释
Ñattivipannakammādikathāvaṇṇanā
385-387385-387.“Paṭikkosantesūti”意为正在遮止、阻止的人中。既无减少,亦无以其他方式而作。这是因为,白文羯磨唯以单一白文而成办,故无从中减少的可能;又由于无有唱说(anussāvanā),故无有以之后搁置白文、或以二白文而作等“以其他方式而作”的情形。
385-387.Paṭikkosantesūti nivārentesu. Hāpanaṃ vā aññathā karaṇaṃ vā natthīti ñattikammassa ekāya eva ñattiyā kattabbattā tato hāpanaṃ na sambhavati, anussāvanāya abhāvato pacchā ñattiṭhapanavasena dvīhi ñattīhi karaṇavasena ca aññathā karaṇaṃ natthi.
关于由四人僧伽而作等之论的注释
Catuvaggakaraṇādikathāvaṇṇanā
389受举罪甘马者,以羯磨不同而别众共住;随顺被举者,以见解不同而别众共住。
389. Ukkhepanīyakammakato kammanānāsaṃvāsako, ukkhittānuvattako laddhinānāsaṃvāsako.
二种驱摈等论注释
Dvenissāraṇādikathāvaṇṇanā
395“Appattonissāraṇanti”(未达驱摈):此处,驱摈羯磨唯独开许对污家者施行,而此(比丘)被指为“愚痴、不巧”等,并非污家者,故说为“未达”(appatto)。若然,为何是“善驱摈”?因为在羯磨犍度中说:“若僧伽愿意,可对具愚痴、不巧等者行驱出羯磨”(《小品》27)。由此而说“若僧伽驱摈他……因此是善驱摈”。其中,“彼”指驱出羯磨;“此”指被描述为“愚痴”等者。以不共相而言,即驱出羯磨特有的污家者状态为相。
395.Appattonissāraṇanti ettha nissāraṇakammaṃ nāma kuladūsakānaññeva anuññātaṃ, ayañca ‘‘bālo hoti abyatto’’tiādinā niddiṭṭho kuladūsako na hoti, tasmā ‘‘appatto’’ti vutto . Yadi evaṃ kathaṃ sunissārito hotīti? Bālaabyattatādiyuttassapi kammakkhandhake ‘‘ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho pabbājanīyakammaṃ kareyyā’’ti (cūḷava. 27) vuttattā. Tenevāha ‘‘tañcesa…pe… tasmā sunissārito hotī’’ti. Tattha tanti pabbājanīyakammaṃ. Esoti ‘‘bālo’’tiādinā niddiṭṭho. Āveṇikena lakkhaṇenāti pabbājanīyakammassa āveṇikabhūtena kuladūsakabhāvalakkhaṇena.
若僧伽驱摈他,则是善驱摈:此处,先依所意指的驱出羯磨说明了含义。现在,若“若僧伽驱摈他”是指以呵责羯磨等方式驱摈,那么驱摈本身即以呵责等方式成为善驱摈。为以遮遣的方式显明其义,再次举出“若僧伽驱摈他”而解说。他无罪行、断罪、犯戒之边际,故为无罪行(anapadāna)。即使以单一条件,驱摈亦被开许,即在羯磨犍度中所开许。此处其余内容,依巴利及注释则易明了。
Tañce saṅgho nissāreti, sunissāritoti ettha adhippetassa pabbājanīyakammassa vasena atthaṃ dassetvā idāni yadi ‘‘tañce saṅgho nissāretī’’ti tajjanīyādikammavasena nissāraṇā adhippetā, tadā nissāraṇaṃ sampattoyeva tajjanīyādivasena sunissāritoti byatirekamukhena atthaṃ dassetuṃ puna ‘‘tañce saṅgho nissāretī’’ti ulliṅgetvā attho kathito. Natthi etassa apadānaṃ avakhaṇḍanaṃ āpattipariyantoti anapadāno. Ekekenapi aṅgena nissāraṇā anuññātāti kammakkhandhake anuññātā. Sesamettha pāḷito aṭṭhakathāto ca suviññeyyameva.