诤事分别显示巴利原文
Adhikaraṇabhedo
1. 举罪分别等显示巴利原文
1. Ukkoṭanabhedādi
340 有四种诤事。争论论诤事、非难诤事、犯罪诤事、义务诤事——这就是四种诤事。显示巴利原文
Cattāri adhikaraṇāni. Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ, anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ, āpattādhikaraṇaṃ, kiccādhikaraṇaṃ – imāni cattāri adhikaraṇāni.
对于这四种诤事,有多少种破坏?对于这四种诤事,有十种破坏。争论论诤事有两种破坏,非难诤事有四种破坏,犯罪诤事有三种破坏,义务诤事有一种破坏——对于这四种诤事,这就是十种破坏。显示巴利原文
Imesaṃ catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ kati ukkoṭā? Imesaṃ catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ dasa ukkoṭā. Vivādādhikaraṇassa dve ukkoṭā, anuvādādhikaraṇassa cattāro ukkoṭā, āpattādhikaraṇassa tayo ukkoṭā, kiccādhikaraṇassa eko ukkoṭo – imesaṃ catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ ime dasa ukkoṭā.
破坏争论论诤事的人,破坏了多少种止灭法?破坏非难诤事的人,破坏了多少种止灭法?破坏犯罪诤事的人,破坏了多少种止灭法?破坏义务诤事的人,破坏了多少种止灭法?显示巴利原文
Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭento kati samathe ukkoṭeti? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭento kati samathe ukkoṭeti? Āpattādhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭento kati samathe ukkoṭeti? Kiccādhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭento kati samathe ukkoṭeti?
破坏争论论诤事的人,破坏了两种止灭法。破坏非难诤事的人,破坏了四种止灭法。破坏犯罪诤事的人,破坏了三种止灭法。破坏义务诤事的人,破坏了一种止灭法。显示巴利原文
Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭento dve samathe ukkoṭeti. Anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭento cattāro samathe ukkoṭeti. Āpattādhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭento tayo samathe ukkoṭeti. Kiccādhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭento ekaṃ samathaṃ ukkoṭeti.
341 有多少种破坏?以多少种方式产生破坏?具足多少支的人破坏诤事?有多少人在破坏诤事时犯下罪?显示巴利原文
Kati ukkoṭā? Katihākārehi ukkoṭanaṃ pasavati? Katihaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti? Kati puggalā adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭentā āpattiṃ āpajjanti?
有十二种破坏。以十种方式产生破坏。具足四支的人破坏诤事。有四类人在破坏诤事时犯下罪。显示巴利原文
Dvādasa ukkoṭā. Dasahākārehi ukkoṭanaṃ pasavati. Catūhaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti. Cattāro puggalā adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭentā āpattiṃ āpajjanti?
什么是十二种破坏?未做的羯磨、恶做的羯磨、应重做的羯磨,未消除的、恶消除的、应重消除的,未判决的、恶判决的、应重判决的,未止息的、恶止息的、应重止息的——这就是十二种破坏。显示巴利原文
Katame dvādasa ukkoṭā? Akataṃ kammaṃ, dukkaṭaṃ kammaṃ, puna kātabbaṃ kammaṃ, anihataṃ, dunnihataṃ, puna nihanitabbaṃ, avinicchitaṃ, duvinicchitaṃ, puna vinicchitabbaṃ, avūpasantaṃ, duvūpasantaṃ, puna vūpasametabbanti – ime dvādasa ukkoṭā.
以哪十种方式产生破坏?破坏在那里生起的诤事,破坏在那里已止息的诤事,破坏在途中的诤事,破坏在途中已止息的诤事,破坏去到那里的诤事,破坏去到那里已止息的诤事,破坏念律,破坏不痴调伏,破坏恶者治,破坏覆草——以这十种方式产生破坏。显示巴利原文
Katamehi dasahākārehi ukkoṭanaṃ pasavati? Tattha jātakaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti, tattha jātakaṃ vūpasantaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti, antarāmagge adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti, antarāmagge vūpasantaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti, tattha gataṃ adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti, tattha gataṃ vūpasantaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti, sativinayaṃ ukkoṭeti, amūḷhavinayaṃ ukkoṭeti, tassapāpiyasikaṃ ukkoṭeti, tiṇavatthārakaṃ ukkoṭeti – imehi dasahākārehi ukkoṭanaṃ pasavati.
一个具足哪四种条件的人,会重新挑起诤事?依欲贪而行不正者,会重新挑起诤事;依嗔恚而行不正者,会重新挑起诤事;依愚痴而行不正者,会重新挑起诤事;依恐惧而行不正者,会重新挑起诤事——具足这四种条件的人,会重新挑起诤事。显示巴利原文
Katamehi catūhaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti? Chandāgatiṃ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti, dosāgatiṃ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti, mohāgatiṃ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti, bhayāgatiṃ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti – imehi catūhaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭeti.
哪四种人在重新挑起诤事时,会犯下罪行?当天受具足戒的人重新挑起,犯下‘重新挑起’的波逸提罪;客来的比丘重新挑起,犯下‘重新挑起’的波逸提罪;作羯磨的执行者重新挑起,犯下‘重新挑起’的波逸提罪;授与同意权的人重新挑起,犯下‘重新挑起’的波逸提罪——这四种人在重新挑起诤事时,会犯下罪行。显示巴利原文
Katame cattāro puggalā adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭentā āpattiṃ āpajjanti? Tadahupasampanno ukkoṭeti ukkoṭanakaṃ pācittiyaṃ, āgantuko ukkoṭeti ukkoṭanakaṃ pācittiyaṃ, kārako ukkoṭeti ukkoṭanakaṃ pācittiyaṃ, chandadāyako ukkoṭeti ukkoṭanakaṃ pācittiyaṃ – ime cattāro puggalā adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭentā āpattiṃ āpajjanti.
2. 诤事因缘等显示巴利原文
2. Adhikaraṇanidānādi
342 争论论诤事,以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为类别,以什么为起源,以什么为资粮,以什么为生起?非难诤事,以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为类别,以什么为起源,以什么为资粮,以什么为生起?犯罪诤事,以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为类别,以什么为起源,以什么为资粮,以什么为生起?义务诤事,以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为类别,以什么为起源,以什么为资粮,以什么为生起?显示巴利原文
Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ kiṃnidānaṃ, kiṃsamudayaṃ, kiṃjātikaṃ, kiṃpabhavaṃ, kiṃsambhāraṃ, kiṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ kiṃnidānaṃ, kiṃsamudayaṃ, kiṃjātikaṃ, kiṃpabhavaṃ, kiṃsambhāraṃ, kiṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ? Āpattādhikaraṇaṃ kiṃnidānaṃ, kiṃsamudayaṃ, kiṃjātikaṃ, kiṃpabhavaṃ, kiṃsambhāraṃ, kiṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ ? Kiccādhikaraṇaṃ kiṃnidānaṃ, kiṃsamudayaṃ, kiṃjātikaṃ, kiṃpabhavaṃ, kiṃsambhāraṃ, kiṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ?
争论论诤事,以争论为因,以争论为集,以争论为类别,以争论为起源,以争论为资粮,以争论为生起。非难诤事,以非难为因,以非难为集,以非难为类别,以非难为起源,以非难为资粮,以非难为生起。犯罪诤事,以犯罪为因,以犯罪为集,以犯罪为类别,以犯罪为起源,以犯罪为资粮,以犯罪为生起。义务诤事,以义务为因,以义务为集,以义务为类别,以义务为起源,以义务为资粮,以义务为生起。显示巴利原文
Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ vivādanidānaṃ vivādasamudayaṃ vivādajātikaṃ vivādapabhavaṃ vivādasambhāraṃ vivādasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ anuvādanidānaṃ anuvādasamudayaṃ anuvādajātikaṃ anuvādapabhavaṃ anuvādasambhāraṃ anuvādasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Āpattādhikaraṇaṃ āpattinidānaṃ āpattisamudayaṃ āpattijātikaṃ āpattipabhavaṃ āpattisambhāraṃ āpattisamuṭṭhānaṃ. Kiccādhikaraṇaṃ kiccayanidānaṃ kiccayasamudayaṃ kiccayajātikaṃ kiccayapabhavaṃ kiccayasambhāraṃ kiccayasamuṭṭhānaṃ.
争论论诤事,以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为类别,以什么为起源,以什么为资粮,以什么为生起?非难诤事……(中略)……犯罪诤事……(中略)……义务诤事,以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为类别,以什么为起源,以什么为资粮,以什么为生起?显示巴利原文
Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ kiṃnidānaṃ, kiṃsamudayaṃ, kiṃjātikaṃ, kiṃpabhavaṃ, kiṃsambhāraṃ, kiṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ…pe… āpattādhikaraṇaṃ…pe… kiccādhikaraṇaṃ kiṃnidānaṃ, kiṃsamudayaṃ, kiṃjātikaṃ, kiṃpabhavaṃ, kiṃsambhāraṃ, kiṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ?
争论论诤事,以诸烦恼为因,以诸烦恼为集,以诸烦恼为类别,以诸烦恼为起源,以诸烦恼为资粮,以诸烦恼为生起。非难诤事……(中略)……犯罪诤事……(中略)……义务诤事,以诸烦恼为因,以诸烦恼为集,以诸烦恼为类别,以诸烦恼为起源,以诸烦恼为资粮,以诸烦恼为生起。显示巴利原文
Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ hetunidānaṃ, hetusamudayaṃ, hetujātikaṃ, hetupabhavaṃ, hetusambhāraṃ, hetusamuṭṭhānaṃ. Anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ…pe… āpattādhikaraṇaṃ…pe… kiccādhikaraṇaṃ hetunidānaṃ, hetusamudayaṃ, hetujātikaṃ, hetupabhavaṃ, hetusambhāraṃ, hetusamuṭṭhānaṃ.
争论论诤事,以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为类别,以什么为起源,以什么为资粮,以什么为生起?非难诤事……(中略)……犯罪诤事……(中略)……义务诤事,以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为类别,以什么为起源,以什么为资粮,以什么为生起?显示巴利原文
Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ kiṃnidānaṃ, kiṃsamudayaṃ, kiṃjātikaṃ, kiṃpabhavaṃ, kiṃsambhāraṃ, kiṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ …pe… āpattādhikaraṇaṃ…pe… kiccādhikaraṇaṃ kiṃnidānaṃ, kiṃsamudayaṃ, kiṃjātikaṃ, kiṃpabhavaṃ, kiṃsambhāraṃ, kiṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ?
争论论诤事,以诸缘为因,以诸缘为集,以诸缘为类别,以诸缘为起源,以诸缘为资粮,以诸缘为生起。非难诤事……(中略)……犯罪诤事……(中略)……义务诤事,以诸缘为因,以诸缘为集,以诸缘为类别,以诸缘为起源,以诸缘为资粮,以诸缘为生起。显示巴利原文
Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ paccayanidānaṃ, paccayasamudayaṃ, paccayajātikaṃ, paccayapabhavaṃ, paccayasambhāraṃ, paccayasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ…pe… āpattādhikaraṇaṃ…pe… kiccādhikaraṇaṃ paccayanidānaṃ, paccayasamudayaṃ, paccayajātikaṃ, paccayapabhavaṃ, paccayasambhāraṃ, paccayasamuṭṭhānaṃ.
3. 诤事根源等显示巴利原文
3. Adhikaraṇamūlādi
343 四种诤事有多少根源、多少起源?四种诤事有三十三个根源、三十三种起源。显示巴利原文
Catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ kati mūlāni, kati samuṭṭhānā? Catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ tettiṃsa mūlāni, tettiṃsa samuṭṭhānā.
四种诤事的三十三个根源是哪些?争论论诤事有十二个根源,非难诤事有十四个根源,犯罪诤事有六个根源,义务诤事有一个根源——僧团。这三十三个根源,就是四种诤事的根源。显示巴利原文
Catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ katamāni tettiṃsa mūlāni? Vivādādhikaraṇassa dvādasa mūlāni, anuvādādhikaraṇassa cuddasa mūlāni, āpattādhikaraṇassa cha mūlāni, kiccādhikaraṇassa ekaṃ mūlaṃ, saṅgho – catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ imāni tettiṃsa mūlāni.
四种诤事的三十三种起源是哪些?争论论诤事的起源是十八种可分类的事,非难诤事的起源是四种失坏,犯罪诤事的起源是七种罪聚,义务诤事的起源是四种僧团处理行为。这三十三种起源,就是四种诤事的起源。显示巴利原文
Catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ katame tettiṃsa samuṭṭhānā? Vivādādhikaraṇassa aṭṭhārasabhedakaravatthūni samuṭṭhānā, anuvādādhikaraṇassa catasso vipattiyo samuṭṭhānā, āpattādhikaraṇassa sattāpattikkhandhā samuṭṭhānā, kiccādhikaraṇassa cattāri kammāni samuṭṭhānā – catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ ime tettiṃsa samuṭṭhānā.
4. 诤事缘罪显示巴利原文
4. Adhikaraṇapaccayāpatti
344 争论论诤事本身是罪还是非罪?争论论诤事不是罪。那么,是否会因为争论论诤事这个原因而犯戒呢?是的,会因为争论论诤事这个原因而犯戒。因为争论论诤事这个原因会犯多少种戒?因为争论论诤事这个原因会犯两种戒:辱骂已受具足戒的比丘,犯波逸提;辱骂未受具足戒的人,犯恶作。因为争论论诤事这个原因,就会犯这两种戒。显示巴利原文
Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ āpattānāpattīti? Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ na āpatti. Kiṃ pana vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṃ āpajjeyyāti? Āma, vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṃ āpajjeyya. Vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā kati āpattiyo āpajjati? Vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā dve āpattiyo āpajjati. Upasampannaṃ omasati, āpatti pācittiyassa; anupasampannaṃ omasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa – vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā imā dve āpattiyo āpajjati.
这些罪属于四种失坏中的几种失坏?属于四种诤事中的哪一种?被七种罪聚中的几种罪聚所包含?由六种犯罪起源中的几种起源而生起?由几种诤事、在几种处理地点、用几种止灭法而止灭?显示巴利原文
Tā āpattiyo catunnaṃ vipattīnaṃ kati vipattiyo bhajanti? Catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ katamaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ? Sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ katihi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā? Channaṃ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṃ katihi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti? Katihi adhikaraṇehi katisu ṭhānesu katihi samathehi sammanti?
这些罪只属于一种失坏——行失坏。属于四种诤事中的犯罪诤事。被七种罪聚中的两种罪聚所包含:有时被波逸提罪聚包含,有时被恶作罪聚包含。由六种犯罪起源中的三种起源而生起。由一种诤事——义务诤事,在三种处理地点——僧团中、众中、个人面前,用三种止灭法而止灭:有时用现前调伏和自言治,有时用现前调伏和覆草。显示巴利原文
Tā āpattiyo catunnaṃ vipattīnaṃ ekaṃ vipattiṃ bhajanti – ācāravipattiṃ. Catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ , āpattādhikaraṇaṃ. Sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ dvīhi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā – siyā pācittiyāpattikkhandhena, siyā dukkaṭāpattikkhandhena. Channaṃ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṃ tīhi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti. Ekena adhikaraṇena – kiccādhikaraṇena; tīsu ṭhānesu – saṅghamajjhe, gaṇamajjhe, puggalassa santike; tīhi samathehi sammanti – siyā sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca, siyā sammukhāvinayena ca tiṇavatthārakena ca.
345 非难诤事本身是罪还是非罪?非难诤事不是罪。那么,是否会因为非难诤事这个原因而犯戒呢?是的,会因为非难诤事这个原因而犯戒。因为非难诤事这个原因会犯多少种戒?因为非难诤事这个原因会犯三种戒:以无根据的波罗夷法诽谤比丘,犯僧残;以无根据的僧残法诽谤比丘,犯波逸提;以无根据的行失坏诽谤比丘,犯恶作。因为非难诤事这个原因,就会犯这三种戒。显示巴利原文
Anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ āpattānāpattīti? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ na āpatti. Kiṃ pana anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṃ āpajjeyyāti? Āma, anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṃ āpajjeyya. Anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā, kati āpattiyo āpajjati? Anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā tisso āpattiyo āpajjati. Bhikkhuṃ amūlakena pārājikena dhammena anuddhaṃseti, āpatti saṅghādisesassa; amūlakena saṅghādisesena anuddhaṃseti, āpatti pācittiyassa; amūlikāya ācāravipattiyā anuddhaṃseti, āpatti dukkaṭassa – anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā imā tisso āpattiyo āpajjati.
这些罪属于四种失坏中的几种失坏?属于四种诤事中的哪一种?被七种罪聚中的几种罪聚所包含?由六种犯罪起源中的几种起源而生起?由几种诤事、在几种处理地点、用几种止灭法而止灭?显示巴利原文
Tā āpattiyo catunnaṃ vipattīnaṃ kati vipattiyo bhajanti? Catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ katamaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ? Sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ katihi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā? Channaṃ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṃ katihi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti? Katihi adhikaraṇehi katisu ṭhānesu katihi samathehi sammanti?
这些犯行,在四种失坏之中,归属于两种失坏:有时是戒失坏,有时是行失坏。在四种诤事之中,属于犯罪诤事。在七种犯聚之中,被三种犯聚所摄:有时是僧残犯聚,有时是波逸提犯聚,有时是恶作犯聚。在六种犯行生起方式之中,由三种生起方式而生起。其中那些重犯,那种犯行是以一种诤事——义务诤事来处理;在一个地方——僧团当中;以两种止灭法来止灭——即现前调伏与自言治。其中那些轻犯,那种犯行是以一种诤事——义务诤事来处理;在三个地方——僧团当中、团体当中、个人面前;以三种止灭法来止灭——有时是现前调伏与自言治,有时是现前调伏与覆草。显示巴利原文
Tā āpattiyo catunnaṃ vipattīnaṃ dve vipattiyo bhajanti – siyā sīlavipattiṃ, siyā ācāravipattiṃ. Catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ, āpattādhikaraṇaṃ. Sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ tīhi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā – siyā saṅghādisesāpattikkhandhena, siyā pācittiyāpattikkhandhena, siyā dukkaṭāpattikkhandhena. Channaṃ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṃ tīhi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti. Yā tā āpattiyo garukā tā āpattiyo ekena adhikaraṇena – kiccādhikaraṇena; ekamhi ṭhāne – saṅghamajjhe; dvīhi samathehi sammanti – sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca. Yā tā āpattiyo lahukā tā āpattiyo ekena adhikaraṇena – kiccādhikaraṇena; tīsu ṭhānesu – saṅghamajjhe gaṇamajjhe puggalassa santike; tīhi samathehi sammanti – siyā sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca , siyā sammukhāvinayena ca tiṇavatthārakena ca.
346 犯罪诤事是犯,还是非犯?犯罪诤事是犯。那么,会不会因为犯罪诤事这个缘而犯下犯行呢?是的,会因为犯罪诤事这个缘而犯下犯行。因为犯罪诤事这个缘,会犯下多少种犯行呢?因为犯罪诤事这个缘,会犯下四种犯行:如果比丘尼明知后覆藏波罗夷法,犯波罗夷;如果内心存疑而覆藏,犯粗罪;如果比丘覆藏僧残,犯波逸提;如果覆藏行失坏,犯恶作——因为犯罪诤事这个缘,会犯下这四种犯行。显示巴利原文
Āpattādhikaraṇaṃ āpattānāpattīti? Āpattādhikaraṇaṃ āpatti. Kiṃ pana āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṃ āpajjeyyāti? Āma, āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṃ āpajjeyya. Āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā kati āpattiyo āpajjati? Āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā catasso āpattiyo āpajjati. Bhikkhunī jānaṃ pārājikaṃ dhammaṃ paṭicchādeti, āpatti pārājikassa; vematikā paṭicchādeti, āpatti thullaccayassa; bhikkhu saṅghādisesaṃ paṭicchādeti, āpatti pācittiyassa; ācāravipattiṃ paṭicchādeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa – āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā imā catasso āpattiyo āpajjati.
这些犯行,在四种失坏之中,归属于几种失坏?在四种诤事之中,属于哪种诤事?在七种犯聚之中,被几种犯聚所摄?在六种犯行生起方式之中,由几种生起方式而生起?以几种诤事、在几个地方、以几种止灭法来止灭?显示巴利原文
Tā āpattiyo catunnaṃ vipattīnaṃ kati vipattiyo bhajanti? Catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ katamaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ? Sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ katihi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā? Channaṃ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṃ katihi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti ? Katihi adhikaraṇehi katisu ṭhānesu katihi samathehi sammanti?
这些犯行,在四种失坏之中,归属于两种失坏:有时是戒失坏,有时是行失坏。在四种诤事之中,属于犯罪诤事。在七种犯聚之中,被四种犯聚所摄:有时是波罗夷犯聚,有时是粗罪犯聚,有时是波逸提犯聚,有时是恶作犯聚。在六种犯行生起方式之中,由一种生起方式而生起:从身、从语、从意而生起。至于那种无余犯,这种犯行不通过某种诤事来处理,不放在某个地方,不以某种止灭法来止灭。其中那些轻犯,那种犯行是以一种诤事——义务诤事来处理;在三个地方——僧团当中、团体当中、个人面前;以三种止灭法来止灭——有时是现前调伏与自言治,有时是现前调伏与覆草。显示巴利原文
Tā āpattiyo catunnaṃ vipattīnaṃ dve vipattiyo bhajanti – siyā sīlavipattiṃ siyā ācāravipattiṃ. Catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ – āpattādhikaraṇaṃ. Sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ catūhi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā – siyā pārājikāpattikkhandhena, siyā thullaccayāpattikkhandhena, siyā pācittiyāpattikkhandhena, siyā dukkaṭāpattikkhandhena. Channaṃ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṃ ekena samuṭṭhānena samuṭṭhanti – kāyato ca vācato ca cittato ca samuṭṭhanti. Yā sā āpatti anavasesā sā āpatti na katamena adhikaraṇena, na katamamhi ṭhāne, na katamena samathena sammati. Yā tā āpattiyo lahukā tā āpattiyo ekena adhikaraṇena – kiccādhikaraṇena; tīsu ṭhānesu – saṅghamajjhe, gaṇamajjhe, puggalassa santike; tīhi samathehi sammanti – siyā sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca, siyā sammukhāvinayena ca tiṇavatthārakena ca.
347 义务诤事是犯,还是非犯?义务诤事不是犯。那么,会不会因为义务诤事这个缘而犯下犯行呢?是的,会因为义务诤事这个缘而犯下犯行。因为义务诤事这个缘,会犯下多少种犯行呢?因为义务诤事这个缘,会犯下五种犯行:追随被举罪者的比丘尼,在三次劝告下仍不放弃,在动议时是恶作;在两次宣告羯磨时是粗罪;在宣告羯磨结束时是波罗夷;追随分裂者的诸比丘,在三次劝告下仍不放弃,犯僧残;执持恶见者,在三次劝告下仍不放弃,犯波逸提——因为义务诤事这个缘,会犯下这五种犯行。显示巴利原文
Kiccādhikaraṇaṃ āpattānāpattīti? Kiccādhikaraṇaṃ na āpatti. Kiṃ pana kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṃ āpajjeyyāti? Āma, kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṃ āpajjeyya. Kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā kati āpattiyo āpajjati? Kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā pañca āpattiyo āpajjati. Ukkhittānuvattikā bhikkhunī yāvatatiyaṃ samanubhāsanāya na paṭinissajjati, ñattiyā dukkaṭaṃ; dvīhi kammavācāhi thullaccayā; kammavācāpariyosāne āpatti pārājikassa; bhedakānuvattakā bhikkhū yāvatatiyaṃ samanubhāsanāya na paṭinissajjanti, āpatti saṅghādisesassa; pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā yāvatatiyaṃ samanubhāsanāya na paṭinissajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa – kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā imā pañca āpattiyo āpajjati.
这些犯行,在四种失坏之中,归属于几种失坏?在四种诤事之中,属于哪种诤事?在七种犯聚之中,被几种犯聚所摄?在六种犯行生起方式之中,由几种生起方式而生起?以几种诤事、在几个地方、以几种止灭法来止灭?显示巴利原文
Tā āpattiyo catunnaṃ vipattīnaṃ kati vipattiyo bhajanti? Catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ katamaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ? Sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ katihi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā? Channaṃ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṃ katihi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti? Katihi adhikaraṇehi katisu ṭhānesu katihi samathehi sammanti?
这些犯行,在四种失坏之中,归属于两种失坏:有时是戒失坏,有时是行失坏。在四种诤事之中,属于犯罪诤事。在七种犯聚之中,被五种犯聚所摄:有时是波罗夷犯聚,有时是僧残犯聚,有时是粗罪犯聚,有时是波逸提犯聚,有时是恶作犯聚。在六种犯行生起方式之中,由一种生起方式而生起:从身、从语、从意而生起。至于那种无余犯,这种犯行不通过某种诤事来处理,不放在某个地方,不以某种止灭法来止灭。其中那些重犯,那种犯行是以一种诤事——义务诤事来处理;在一个地方——僧团当中;以两种止灭法来止灭——即现前调伏与自言治。其中那些轻犯,那种犯行是以一种诤事——义务诤事来处理;在三个地方——僧团当中、团体当中、个人面前;以三种止灭法来止灭——有时是现前调伏与自言治,有时是现前调伏与覆草。显示巴利原文
Tā āpattiyo catunnaṃ vipattīnaṃ dve vipattiyo bhajanti – siyā sīlavipattiṃ siyā ācāravipattiṃ. Catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ – āpattādhikaraṇaṃ. Sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ pañcahi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā – siyā pārājikāpattikkhandhena, siyā saṅghādisesāpattikkhandhena, siyā thullaccayāpattikkhandhena, siyā pācittiyāpattikkhandhena, siyā dukkaṭāpattikkhandhena. Channaṃ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṃ ekena samuṭṭhānena samuṭṭhanti – kāyato ca vācato ca cittato ca samuṭṭhanti. Yā sā āpatti anavasesā sā āpatti na katamena adhikaraṇena, na katamamhi ṭhāne, na katamena samathena sammati. Yā sā āpatti garukā sā āpatti ekena adhikaraṇena – kiccādhikaraṇena; ekamhi ṭhāne – saṅghamajjhe; dvīhi samathehi sammati – sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca. Yā tā āpattiyo lahukā tā āpattiyo ekena adhikaraṇena – kiccādhikaraṇena; tīsu ṭhānesu – saṅghamajjhe, gaṇamajjhe, puggalassa santike; tīhi samathehi sammanti – siyā sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca, siyā sammukhāvinayena ca tiṇavatthārakena ca.
5. 诤事意趣显示巴利原文
5. Adhikaraṇādhippāyo
348 争论论诤事可以存在,非难诤事可以存在,犯罪诤事可以存在,义务诤事可以存在。争论论诤事本身并不是非难诤事,不是犯罪诤事,也不是义务诤事;但是,因为争论论诤事这个缘,会出现非难诤事,会出现犯罪诤事,会出现义务诤事。这是怎么说的呢?在这里,诸比丘争论着——这是法,或这是非法;这是重犯,或这不是重犯。在那当中,那种口角、争吵、对立、争论、意见分歧、各说各话、带有敌意的言谈、纠缠不清的事,这就叫作争论论诤事。在争论论诤事中,僧团在争论着——这是争论论诤事。在争论的过程中,一方去指责对方——这就是非难诤事。在指责的过程中,他犯下了犯行——这就是犯罪诤事。因为那个犯行,僧团对他执行羯磨——这就是义务诤事。就这样,因为争论论诤事这个缘,会出现非难诤事,会出现犯罪诤事,会出现义务诤事。显示巴利原文
Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṃ. Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ na hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ, na hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṃ, na hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṃ; api ca, vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṃ. Yathā kathaṃ viya? Idha bhikkhū vivadanti – dhammoti vā adhammoti vā duṭṭhullāpattīti vā aduṭṭhullāpattīti vā. Yaṃ tattha bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo nānāvādo aññathāvādo vipaccatāya vohāro medhakaṃ, idaṃ vuccati vivādādhikaraṇaṃ. Vivādādhikaraṇe saṅgho vivadati vivādādhikaraṇaṃ. Vivadamāno anuvadati anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ. Anuvadamāno āpattiṃ āpajjati āpattādhikaraṇaṃ. Tāya āpattiyā saṅgho kammaṃ karoti kiccādhikaraṇaṃ. Evaṃ vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṃ.
非难诤事会成为犯罪诤事,会成为义务诤事,会成为争论论诤事。非难诤事不会成为犯罪诤事,不会成为义务诤事,不会成为争论论诤事;但总之,以非难诤事为缘,会产生犯罪诤事,会产生义务诤事,会产生争论论诤事。这是怎么回事呢?在这里,诸比丘以戒失坏、或行失坏、或见失坏、或活命失坏而指责某比丘。在那当中,凡有指责、非难、责难、数落、追究、发起、施压,这就称为非难诤事。在非难诤事上,僧团产生争论,这就是争论论诤事。在争论时进行指责,这就是非难诤事。在进行指责时犯下罪过,这就是犯罪诤事。由于那个罪,僧团进行羯磨(僧团羯磨),这就是义务诤事。就这样,以非难诤事为缘,会产生犯罪诤事,会产生义务诤事,会产生争论论诤事。显示巴利原文
Anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṃ. Anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ na hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṃ, na hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṃ, na hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṃ; api ca, anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṃ. Yathā kathaṃ viya? Idha bhikkhū bhikkhuṃ anuvadanti sīlavipattiyā vā ācāravipattiyā vā diṭṭhivipattiyā vā ājīvavipattiyā vā. Yo tattha anuvādo anuvadanā anullapanā anubhaṇanā anusampavaṅkatā abbhussahanatā anubalappadānaṃ, idaṃ vuccati anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ. Anuvādādhikaraṇe saṅgho vivadati, vivādādhikaraṇaṃ. Vivadamāno anuvadati, anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ. Anuvadamāno āpattiṃ āpajjati, āpattādhikaraṇaṃ. Tāya āpattiyā saṅgho kammaṃ karoti, kiccādhikaraṇaṃ. Evaṃ anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṃ.
犯罪诤事会成为义务诤事,会成为争论论诤事,会成为非难诤事。犯罪诤事不会成为义务诤事,不会成为争论论诤事,不会成为非难诤事;但总之,以犯罪诤事为缘,会产生义务诤事,会产生争论论诤事,会产生非难诤事。这是怎么回事呢?五类罪是犯罪诤事,七类罪是犯罪诤事,这就称为犯罪诤事。在犯罪诤事上,僧团产生争论,这就是争论论诤事。在争论时进行指责,这就是非难诤事。在进行指责时犯下罪过,这就是犯罪诤事。由于那个罪,僧团进行羯磨,这就是义务诤事。就这样,以犯罪诤事为缘,会产生义务诤事,会产生争论论诤事,会产生非难诤事。显示巴利原文
Āpattādhikaraṇaṃ hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ. Āpattādhikaraṇaṃ na hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṃ, na hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṃ, na hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ; api ca, āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ. Yathā kathaṃ viya? Pañcapi āpattikkhandhā āpattādhikaraṇaṃ, sattapi āpattikkhandhā āpattādhikaraṇaṃ, idaṃ vuccati āpattādhikaraṇaṃ. Āpattādhikaraṇe saṅgho vivadati vivādādhikaraṇaṃ. Vivadamāno anuvadati anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ. Anuvadamāno āpattiṃ āpajjati āpattādhikaraṇaṃ. Tāya āpattiyā saṅgho kammaṃ karoti kiccādhikaraṇaṃ. Evaṃ āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ.
义务诤事会成为争论论诤事,会成为非难诤事,会成为犯罪诤事。义务诤事不会成为争论论诤事,不会成为非难诤事,不会成为犯罪诤事;但总之,以义务诤事为缘,会产生争论论诤事,会产生非难诤事,会产生犯罪诤事。这是怎么回事呢?凡是僧团所需负责、所应作的义务——白事羯磨,告白羯磨,告白二事羯磨,告白四事羯磨——这就称为义务诤事。在义务诤事上,僧团产生争论,这就是争论论诤事。在争论时进行指责,这就是非难诤事。在进行指责时犯下罪过,这就是犯罪诤事。由于那个罪,僧团进行羯磨,这就是义务诤事。就这样,以义务诤事为缘,会产生争论论诤事,会产生非难诤事,会产生犯罪诤事。显示巴利原文
Kiccādhikaraṇaṃ hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṃ. Kiccādhikaraṇaṃ na hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṃ, na hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ, na hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṃ; api ca, kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṃ. Yathā kathaṃ viya? Yā saṅghassa kiccayatā karaṇīyatā apalokanakammaṃ ñattikammaṃ ñattidutiyakammaṃ ñatticatutthakammaṃ, idaṃ vuccati kiccādhikaraṇaṃ. Kiccādhikaraṇe saṅgho vivadati vivādādhikaraṇaṃ. Vivadamāno anuvadati anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ. Anuvadamāno āpattiṃ āpajjati āpattādhikaraṇaṃ. Tāya āpattiyā saṅgho kammaṃ karoti kiccādhikaraṇaṃ. Evaṃ kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṃ.
349 哪里有念律,那里就有现前调伏吗?哪里有现前调伏,那里就有念律吗?哪里有不痴调伏,那里就有现前调伏吗?哪里有现前调伏,那里就有不痴调伏吗?哪里有自言治,那里就有现前调伏吗?哪里有现前调伏,那里就有自言治吗?哪里有多数决,那里就有现前调伏吗?哪里有现前调伏,那里就有多数决吗?哪里有恶人纠治,那里就有现前调伏吗?哪里有现前调伏,那里就有恶人纠治吗?哪里有覆草,那里就有现前调伏吗?哪里有现前调伏,那里就有覆草吗?显示巴利原文
Yattha sativinayo tattha sammukhāvinayo? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha sativinayo? Yattha amūḷhavinayo tattha sammukhāvinayo? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha amūḷhavinayo? Yattha paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ tattha sammukhāvinayo? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ? Yattha yebhuyyasikā tattha sammukhāvinayo? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha yebhuyyasikā? Yattha tassapāpiyasikā tattha sammukhāvinayo? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha tassapāpiyasikā? Yattha tiṇavatthārako tattha sammukhāvinayo? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha tiṇavatthārako?
7. 答轮显示巴利原文
7. Vissajjanāvāro
350 每当以现前调伏和念律令诤事得以平息时——哪里有念律,那里就有现前调伏;哪里有现前调伏,那里就有念律。那时,那里没有不痴调伏,那里没有自言治,那里没有多数决,那里没有恶人纠治,那里没有覆草。每当以现前调伏和不痴调伏……(中略)……以现前调伏和自言治……(中略)……以现前调伏和多数决……(中略)……以现前调伏和恶人纠治……(中略)……以现前调伏和覆草令诤事得以平息时——哪里有覆草,那里就有现前调伏;哪里有现前调伏,那里就有覆草。那时,那里没有念律,那里没有不痴调伏,那里没有自言治,那里没有多数决,那里没有恶人纠治。显示巴利原文
Yasmiṃ samaye sammukhāvinayena ca sativinayena ca adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasammati – yattha sativinayo tattha sammukhāvinayo, yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha sativinayo, na tattha amūḷhavinayo, na tattha paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ, na tattha yebhuyyasikā, na tattha tassapāpiyasikā, na tattha tiṇavatthārako. Yasmiṃ samaye sammukhāvinayena ca amūḷhavinayena ca…pe… sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca…pe… sammukhāvinayena ca yebhuyyasikāya ca…pe… sammukhāvinayena ca tassapāpiyasikāya ca…pe… sammukhāvinayena ca tiṇavatthārakena ca adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasammati – yattha tiṇavatthārako tattha sammukhāvinayo, yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha tiṇavatthārako, na tattha sativinayo, na tattha amūḷhavinayo, na tattha paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ, na tattha yebhuyyasikā, na tattha tassapāpiyasikā.
8. 相应轮显示巴利原文
8. Saṃsaṭṭhavāro
351 所谓现前调伏与念律——这些法是混合的,还是分离的呢?而且,是否能够将这些法一一拆解、分别开来指出其差别呢?所谓现前调伏与不痴调伏……(中略)……所谓现前调伏与自言治……所谓现前调伏与多数决……所谓现前调伏与恶人纠治……所谓现前调伏与覆草——这些法是混合的,还是分离的呢?而且,是否能够将这些法一一拆解、分别开来指出其差别呢?显示巴利原文
Sammukhāvinayoti vā sativinayoti vā – ime dhammā saṃsaṭṭhā udāhu visaṃsaṭṭhā? Labbhā ca panimesaṃ dhammānaṃ vinibbhujitvā vinibbhujitvā nānākaraṇaṃ paññāpetuṃ? Sammukhāvinayoti vā amūḷhavinayoti vā…pe… sammukhāvinayoti vā paṭiññātakaraṇanti vā… sammukhāvinayoti vā yebhuyyasikāti vā… sammukhāvinayoti vā tassapāpiyasikāti vā… sammukhāvinayoti vā tiṇavatthārakoti – ime dhammā saṃsaṭṭhā udāhu visaṃsaṭṭhā ? Labbhā ca panimesaṃ dhammānaṃ vinibbhujitvā vinibbhujitvā nānākaraṇaṃ paññāpetuṃ?
所谓现前调伏与念律——这些法是混合的,不是分离的;而且,不能够将这些法一一拆解、分别开来指出其差别。所谓现前调伏与不痴调伏……(中略)……所谓现前调伏与自言治……所谓现前调伏与多数决……所谓现前调伏与恶人纠治……所谓现前调伏与覆草——这些法是混合的,不是分离的;而且,不能够将这些法一一拆解、分别开来指出其差别。显示巴利原文
Sammukhāvinayoti vā sativinayoti vā – ime dhammā saṃsaṭṭhā, no visaṃsaṭṭhā; na ca labbhā imesaṃ dhammānaṃ vinibbhujitvā vinibbhujitvā nānākaraṇaṃ paññāpetuṃ. Sammukhāvinayoti vā amūḷhavinayoti vā…pe… sammukhāvinayoti vā paṭiññātakaraṇanti vā… sammukhāvinayoti vā yebhuyyasikāti vā… sammukhāvinayoti vā tassapāpiyasikāti vā… sammukhāvinayoti vā tiṇavatthārakoti vā – ime dhammā saṃsaṭṭhā, no visaṃsaṭṭhā; na ca labbhā imesaṃ dhammānaṃ vinibbhujitvā vinibbhujitvā nānākaraṇaṃ paññāpetuṃ.
9. 七灭诤因缘显示巴利原文
9. Sattasamathanidānaṃ
352 现前调伏,以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为生源,以什么为出处,以什么为具缘,以什么为生起?念律,以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为生源,以什么为出处,以什么为具缘,以什么为生起?不痴调伏,以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为生源,以什么为出处,以什么为具缘,以什么为生起?自言治,以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为生源,以什么为出处,以什么为具缘,以什么为生起?多数决,以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为生源,以什么为出处,以什么为具缘,以什么为生起?恶人纠治,以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为生源,以什么为出处,以什么为具缘,以什么为生起?覆草,以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为生源,以什么为出处,以什么为具缘,以什么为生起?显示巴利原文
Sammukhāvinayo kiṃnidāno, kiṃsamudayo, kiṃjātiko, kiṃpabhavo, kiṃsambhāro kiṃsamuṭṭhāno? Sativinayo kiṃnidāno, kiṃsamudayo, kiṃjātiko, kiṃpabhavo, kiṃsambhāro, kiṃsamuṭṭhāno? Amūḷhavinayo kiṃnidāno, kiṃsamudayo, kiṃjātiko, kiṃpabhavo, kiṃsambhāro, kiṃsamuṭṭhāno? Paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ kiṃnidānaṃ, kiṃsamudayaṃ, kiṃjātikaṃ, kiṃpabhavaṃ, kiṃsambhāraṃ, kiṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ? Yebhuyyasikā kiṃnidānā, kiṃsamudayā, kiṃjātikā, kiṃpabhavā, kiṃsambhārā, kiṃsamuṭṭhānā? Tassapāpiyasikā kiṃnidānā, kiṃsamudayā, kiṃjātikā, kiṃpabhavā, kiṃsambhārā, kiṃsamuṭṭhānā tiṇavatthārako kiṃnidāno, kiṃsamudayo, kiṃjātiko, kiṃpabhavo, kiṃsambhāro, kiṃsamuṭṭhāno?
现前调伏以根源为根源,以根源为集起,以根源为生,以根源为源,以根源为集,以根源为生起。念律……不痴调伏……自言治以根源为根源,以根源为集起,以根源为生,以根源为源,以根源为集,以根源为生起。多数决……彼恶者治以根源为根源,以根源为集起,以根源为生,以根源为源,以根源为集,以根源为生起。覆草以根源为根源,以根源为集起,以根源为生,以根源为源,以根源为集,以根源为生起。显示巴利原文
Sammukhāvinayo nidānanidāno, nidānasamudayo, nidānajātiko, nidānapabhavo, nidānasambhāro, nidānasamuṭṭhāno. Sativinayo…pe… amūḷhavinayo…pe… paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ nidānanidānaṃ, nidānasamudayaṃ, nidānajātikaṃ, nidānapabhavaṃ, nidānasambhāraṃ, nidānasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Yebhuyyasikā…pe… tassapāpiyasikā nidānanidānā, nidānasamudayā, nidānajātikā, nidānapabhavā, nidānasambhārā , nidānasamuṭṭhānā. Tiṇavatthārako nidānanidāno, nidānasamudayo, nidānajātiko, nidānapabhavo, nidānasambhāro, nidānasamuṭṭhāno.
现前调伏以什么为根源,以什么为集起,以什么为生,以什么为源,以什么为集,以什么为生起?念律……不痴调伏……自言治……多数决……彼恶者治……覆草以什么为根源,以什么为集起,以什么为生,以什么为源,以什么为集,以什么为生起?显示巴利原文
Sammukhāvinayo kiṃnidāno, kiṃsamudayo, kiṃjātiko, kiṃpabhavo, kiṃsambhāro, kiṃsamuṭṭhāno ? Sativinayo…pe… amūḷhavinayo…pe… paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ…pe… yebhuyyasikā…pe… tassapāpiyasikā…pe… tiṇavatthārako kiṃnidāno, kiṃsamudayo, kiṃjātiko, kiṃpabhavo, kiṃsambhāro, kiṃsamuṭṭhāno?
现前调伏以因为根源,以因为集起,以因为生,以因为源,以因为集,以因为生起。念律……不痴调伏……自言治以因为根源,以因为集起,以因为生,以因为源,以因为集,以因为生起。多数决……彼恶者治以因为根源,以因为集起,以因为生,以因为源,以因为集,以因为生起。覆草以因为根源,以因为集起,以因为生,以因为源,以因为集,以因为生起。显示巴利原文
Sammukhāvinayo hetunidāno, hetusamudayo, hetujātiko, hetupabhavo, hetusambhāro, hetusamuṭṭhāno . Sativinayo…pe… amūḷhavinayo…pe… paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ hetunidānaṃ, hetusamudayaṃ, hetujātikaṃ, hetupabhavaṃ, hetusambhāraṃ, hetusamuṭṭhānaṃ. Yebhuyyasikā…pe… tassapāpiyasikā hetunidānā, hetusamudayā, hetujātikā, hetupabhavā, hetusambhārā, hetusamuṭṭhānā. Tiṇavatthārako hetunidāno, hetusamudayo, hetujātiko, hetupabhavo, hetusambhāro, hetusamuṭṭhāno.
现前调伏以什么为根源,以什么为集起,以什么为生,以什么为源,以什么为集,以什么为生起?念律……不痴调伏……自言治……多数决……彼恶者治……覆草以什么为根源,以什么为集起,以什么为生,以什么为源,以什么为集,以什么为生起?现前调伏以缘为根源,以缘为集起,以缘为生,以缘为源,以缘为集,以缘为生起。念律……不痴调伏……自言治以缘为根源,以缘为集起,以缘为生,以缘为源,以缘为集,以缘为生起。多数决……彼恶者治以缘为根源,以缘为集起,以缘为生,以缘为源,以缘为集,以缘为生起。覆草以缘为根源,以缘为集起,以缘为生,以缘为源,以缘为集,以缘为生起。显示巴利原文
Sammukhāvinayo kiṃnidāno, kiṃsamudayo, kiṃjātiko, kiṃpabhavo, kiṃsambhāro, kiṃsamuṭṭhāno? Sativinayo…pe… amūḷhavinayo…pe… paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ…pe… yebhuyyasikā…pe… tassapāpiyasikā…pe… tiṇavatthārako kiṃnidāno, kiṃsamudayo, kiṃjātiko, kiṃpabhavo, kiṃsambhāro, kiṃsamuṭṭhāno? Sammukhāvinayo paccayanidāno, paccayasamudayo, paccayajātiko, paccayapabhavo, paccayasambhāro, paccayasamuṭṭhāno. Sativinayo…pe… amūḷhavinayo…pe… paṭiññātakaraṇaṃ paccayanidānaṃ, paccayasamudayaṃ, paccayajātikaṃ, paccayapabhavaṃ, paccayasambhāraṃ, paccayasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Yebhuyyasikā…pe… tassapāpiyasikā paccayanidānā, paccayasamudayā, paccayajātikā, paccayapabhavā, paccayasambhārā, paccayasamuṭṭhānā. Tiṇavatthārako paccayanidāno, paccayasamudayo, paccayajātiko, paccayapabhavo, paccayasambhāro, paccayasamuṭṭhāno.
353 七种止灭法有多少根源,有多少生起?七种止灭法有二十六个根源,三十六个生起。七种止灭法的哪二十六个根源?现前调伏有四个根源——僧现前、法现前、律现前、人现前;念律有四个根源;不痴调伏有四个根源;自言治有两个根源——那个坦白的和那个被坦白的;多数决有四个根源;彼恶者治有四个根源;覆草有四个根源——僧现前、法现前、律现前、人现前。这些就是七种止灭法的二十六个根源。显示巴利原文
Sattannaṃ samathānaṃ kati mūlāni, kati samuṭṭhānā? Sattannaṃ samathānaṃ chabbīsa mūlāni, chattiṃsa samuṭṭhānā. Sattannaṃ samathānaṃ katamāni chabbī mūlāni? Sammukhāvinayassa cattāri mūlāni. Saṅghasammukhatā, dhammasammukhatā, vinayasammukhatā, puggalasammukhatā; sativinayassa cattāri mūlāni; amūḷhavinayassa cattāri mūlāni; paṭiññātakaraṇassa dve mūlāni – yo ca deseti yassa ca deseti; yebhuyyasikāya cattāri mūlāni; tassapāpiyasikāya cattāri mūlāni; tiṇavatthārakassa cattāri mūlāni – saṅghasammukhatā, dhammasammukhatā, vinayasammukhatā, puggalasammukhatā – sattannaṃ samathānaṃ imāni chabbīsa mūlāni.
七种止灭法的哪三十六个生起?念律羯磨的执行、操作、前往、许行、接受、不反对。不痴调伏羯磨的……自言治羯磨的……多数决羯磨的……彼恶者治羯磨的……覆草羯磨的执行、操作、前往、许行、接受、不反对。这些就是七种止灭法的三十六个生起。显示巴利原文
Sattannaṃ samathānaṃ katame chattiṃsa samuṭṭhānā? Sativinayassa kammassa kiriyā, karaṇaṃ, upagamanaṃ, ajjhupagamanaṃ, adhivāsanā, appaṭikkosanā. Amūḷhavinayassa kammassa…pe… paṭiññātakaraṇassa kammassa… yebhuyyasikāya kammassa… tassapāpiyasikāya kammassa… tiṇavatthārakassa kammassa kiriyā, karaṇaṃ, upagamanaṃ, ajjhupagamanaṃ, adhivāsanā, appaṭikkosanā – sattannaṃ samathānaṃ ime chattiṃsa samuṭṭhānā.
10. 七灭诤不同义等显示巴利原文
10. Sattasamathanānatthādi
354 所谓现前调伏和所谓念律,这些法是义异文异,还是义一唯文异?所谓现前调伏和所谓不痴调伏……所谓现前调伏和所谓自言治……所谓现前调伏和所谓多数决……所谓现前调伏和所谓彼恶者治……所谓现前调伏和所谓覆草,这些法是义异文异,还是义一唯文异?所谓现前调伏和所谓念律,这些法既是义异,也是文异。所谓现前调伏和所谓不痴调伏……所谓现前调伏和所谓自言治……所谓现前调伏和所谓多数决……所谓现前调伏和所谓彼恶者治……所谓现前调伏和所谓覆草,这些法既是义异,也是文异。显示巴利原文
Sammukhāvinayoti vā sativinayoti vā – ime dhammā nānatthā nānābyañjanā udāhu ekatthā byañjanameva nānaṃ? Sammukhāvinayoti vā amūḷhavinayoti vā…pe… sammukhāvinayoti vā paṭiññātakaraṇanti vā… sammukhāvinayoti vā yebhuyyasikāti vā… sammukhāvinayoti vā tassapāpiyasikāti vā… sammukhāvinayoti vā tiṇavatthārakoti vā – ime dhammā nānatthā nānābyañjanā udāhu ekatthā byañjanameva nānaṃ? Sammukhāvinayoti vā sativinayoti vā – ime dhammā nānatthā ceva nānābyañjanā ca. Sammukhāvinayoti vā amūḷhavinayoti vā…pe… sammukhāvinayoti vā paṭiññātakaraṇanti vā… sammukhāvinayoti vā yebhuyyasikāti vā… sammukhāvinayoti vā tassapāpiyasikāti vā… sammukhāvinayoti vā tiṇavatthārakoti vā – ime dhammā nānatthā ceva nānā byañjanā ca.
355 争论是争论论诤事,还是争论非诤事,还是诤事非争论,还是既是争论又是诤事?有时争论是争论论诤事,有时争论非诤事,有时诤事非争论,有时既是争论又是诤事。显示巴利原文
Vivādo vivādādhikaraṇaṃ, vivādo no adhikaraṇaṃ, adhikaraṇaṃ no vivādo, adhikaraṇañceva vivādo ca? Siyā vivādo vivādādhikaraṇaṃ, siyā vivādo no adhikaraṇaṃ, siyā adhikaraṇaṃ no vivādo, siyā adhikaraṇañceva vivādo ca.
其中,什么是争论就是争论论诤事呢?这里,诸比丘争论说:“这是法”或“这不是法”……乃至“这是粗重罪”或“这不是粗重罪”。在这当中生起的纷争、口角、冲突、争论、意见分歧、对立主张、互较短长的言说、互相敌对——这,就是争论,也就是争论论诤事。显示巴利原文
Tattha katamo vivādo vivādādhikaraṇaṃ? Idha bhikkhū vivadanti dhammoti vā adhammoti vā…pe… duṭṭhullā āpattīti vā aduṭṭhullā āpattīti vā. Yaṃ tattha bhaṇḍanaṃ, kalaho, viggaho, vivādo, nānāvādo, aññathāvādo, vipaccatāya vohāro, medhakaṃ – ayaṃ vivādo vivādādhikaraṇaṃ.
其中,什么是争论却不是诤事呢?母亲与儿子争论,儿子与母亲争论;父亲与儿子争论,儿子与父亲争论;兄弟之间相互争论,兄弟与姊妹争论,姊妹与兄弟争论;朋友与朋友争论——这,是争论,却不是诤事。显示巴利原文
Tattha katamo vivādo no adhikaraṇaṃ? Mātāpi puttena vivadati, puttopi mātarā vivadati, pitāpi puttena vivadati, puttopi pitarā vivadati, bhātāpi bhātarā vivadati, bhātāpi bhaginiyā vivadati, bhaginīpi bhātarā vivadati, sahāyopi sahāyena vivadati – ayaṃ vivādo no adhikaraṇaṃ.
其中,什么是诤事却不是争论呢?非难诤事、犯罪诤事、义务诤事——这些,是诤事,却不是争论。显示巴利原文
Tattha katamaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ no vivādo? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ, āpattādhikaraṇaṃ, kiccādhikaraṇaṃ – idaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ no vivādo.
其中,什么是既是诤事又是争论呢?争论论诤事,既是诤事,也是争论。显示巴利原文
Tattha katamaṃ adhikaraṇañceva vivādo ca? Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ adhikaraṇañceva vivādo ca.
356 非难就是非难诤事吗?还是非难却不是诤事?是诤事却不是非难?既是诤事又是非难?非难,可能是非难即是非难诤事;可能是非难却不是诤事;可能是诤事却不是非难;可能是既是诤事也是非难。显示巴利原文
Anuvādo anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ, anuvādo no adhikaraṇaṃ, adhikaraṇaṃ no anuvādo, adhikaraṇañceva anuvādo ca? Siyā anuvādo anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ, siyā anuvādo no adhikaraṇaṃ, siyā adhikaraṇaṃ no anuvādo, siyā adhikaraṇañceva anuvādo ca.
其中,什么是非难即是非难诤事呢?这里,诸比丘因戒行的失坏、行为的失坏、见解的失坏、生活方式的失坏而指责另一位比丘。在那当中生起的指责、谴责、数落、呵斥、紧逼追究、激烈抨击、层层逼迫——这,就是非难,也就是非难诤事。显示巴利原文
Tattha katamo anuvādo anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ? Idha bhikkhū bhikkhuṃ anuvadanti sīlavipattiyā vā ācāravipattiyā vā diṭṭhivipattiyā vā ājīvavipattiyā vā. Yo tattha anuvādo, anuvadanā anullapanā anubhaṇanā anusampavaṅkatā abbhussahanatā anubalappadānaṃ – ayaṃ anuvādo anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ.
其中,什么是非难却不是诤事呢?母亲指责儿子,儿子指责母亲;父亲指责儿子,儿子指责父亲;兄弟指责兄弟,兄弟指责姊妹,姊妹指责兄弟;朋友指责朋友——这,是非难,却不是诤事。显示巴利原文
Tattha katamo anuvādo no adhikaraṇaṃ? Mātāpi puttaṃ anuvadati, puttopi mātaraṃ anuvadati, pitāpi puttaṃ anuvadati, puttopi pitaraṃ anuvadati, bhātāpi bhātaraṃ anuvadati, bhātāpi bhaginiṃ anuvadati, bhaginīpi bhātaraṃ anuvadati, sahāyopi sahāyaṃ anuvadati – ayaṃ anuvādo no adhikaraṇaṃ.
其中,什么是诤事却不是非难呢?犯罪诤事、义务诤事、争论论诤事——这些,是诤事,却不是非难。显示巴利原文
Tattha katamaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ no anuvādo? Āpattādhikaraṇaṃ kiccādhikaraṇaṃ vivādādhikaraṇaṃ – idaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ no anuvādo.
其中,什么是‘既是诤事又是非难’呢?非难诤事,就是诤事,同时也是非难。显示巴利原文
Tattha katamaṃ adhikaraṇañceva anuvādo ca? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ adhikaraṇañceva anuvādo ca.
357 有‘犯罪是罪诤事’,有‘是犯罪但不是诤事’,有‘是诤事但不是犯罪’,有‘既是诤事又是犯罪’的情况吗?确实有‘犯罪是罪诤事’的情况,确实有‘是犯罪但不是诤事’的情况,确实有‘是诤事但不是犯罪’的情况,确实有‘既是诤事又是犯罪’的情况。显示巴利原文
Āpatti āpattādhikaraṇaṃ, āpatti no adhikaraṇaṃ, adhikaraṇaṃ no āpatti, adhikaraṇañceva āpatti ca? Siyā āpatti āpattādhikaraṇaṃ, siyā āpatti no adhikaraṇaṃ, siyā adhikaraṇaṃ no āpatti, siyā adhikaraṇañceva āpatti ca.
其中,什么是‘犯罪是罪诤事’呢?五罪聚是罪诤事,七罪聚也是罪诤事。这就是‘犯罪是罪诤事’。显示巴利原文
Tattha katamā āpatti āpattādhikaraṇaṃ? Pañcapi āpattikkhandhā āpattādhikaraṇaṃ . Sattapi āpattikkhandhā āpattādhikaraṇaṃ. Ayaṃ āpatti āpattādhikaraṇaṃ.
其中,什么是‘是犯罪但不是诤事’呢?入流果的等至——这就是‘是犯罪但不是诤事’。显示巴利原文
Tattha katamā āpatti no adhikaraṇaṃ? Sotāpatti samāpatti – ayaṃ āpatti no adhikaraṇaṃ.
其中,什么是‘是诤事但不是犯罪’呢?义务诤事、争论论诤事、非难诤事——这就是‘是诤事但不是犯罪’。显示巴利原文
Tattha katamaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ no āpatti? Kiccādhikaraṇaṃ vivādādhikaraṇaṃ anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ – idaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ no āpatti.
其中,什么是‘既是诤事又是犯罪’呢?罪诤事,就是诤事,同时也是犯罪。显示巴利原文
Tattha katamaṃ adhikaraṇañceva āpatti ca? Āpattādhikaraṇaṃ adhikaraṇañceva āpatti ca.
358 有‘义务是义务诤事’,有‘是义务但不是诤事’,有‘是诤事但不是义务’,有‘既是诤事又是义务’的情况吗?确实有‘义务是义务诤事’的情况,确实有‘是义务但不是诤事’的情况,确实有‘是诤事但不是义务’的情况,确实有‘既是诤事又是义务’的情况。显示巴利原文
Kiccaṃ kiccādhikaraṇaṃ, kiccaṃ no adhikaraṇaṃ, adhikaraṇaṃ no kiccaṃ, adhikaraṇañceva kiccañca? Siyā kiccaṃ kiccādhikaraṇaṃ, siyā kiccaṃ no adhikaraṇaṃ, siyā adhikaraṇaṃ no kiccaṃ, siyā adhikaraṇañceva kiccañca.
其中,什么是‘义务是义务诤事’呢?凡是僧团的事务性、应作之事——白羯磨、白一羯磨、白二羯磨、白四羯磨——这就是‘义务是义务诤事’。显示巴利原文
Tattha katamaṃ kiccaṃ kiccādhikaraṇaṃ? Yā saṅghassa kiccayatā karaṇīyatā apalokanakammaṃ ñattikammaṃ ñattidutiyakammaṃ ñatticatutthakammaṃ – idaṃ kiccaṃ kiccādhikaraṇaṃ.
其中,什么是义务而非诤事?老师的义务、亲教师的义务、同亲教师者的义务、同老师者的义务——这是义务而非诤事。显示巴利原文
Tattha katamaṃ kiccaṃ no adhikaraṇaṃ? Ācariyakiccaṃ upajjhāyakiccaṃ samānupajjhāyakiccaṃ samānācariyakiccaṃ – idaṃ kiccaṃ no adhikaraṇaṃ.
其中,什么是诤事而非义务?争论论诤事、非难诤事、犯罪诤事——这是诤事而非义务。显示巴利原文
Tattha katamaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ no kiccaṃ? Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ āpattādhikaraṇaṃ – idaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ no kiccaṃ.
其中,什么既是诤事又是义务?义务诤事,它既是诤事又是义务。显示巴利原文
Tattha katamaṃ adhikaraṇañceva kiccañca? Kiccādhikaraṇaṃ adhikaraṇañceva kiccaṃ cāti.
诤事的破坏、因由、通过人来;
由缘、因、条件,由根本与起源;
那里会有何罪,它们与缘相关;
因、条件、根本,由起源与表达;
争论即诤事——在导致分裂的诤事中,这就是它的样子。
显示巴利原文 Adhikaraṇaṃ ukkoṭā, ākārā puggalena ca; Nidānahetupaccayā, mūlaṃ samuṭṭhānena ca. Āpatti hoti yattha ca, saṃsaṭṭhā nidānena ca ; Hetupaccayamūlāni, samuṭṭhānena byañjanā; Vivādo adhikaraṇanti, bhedādhikaraṇe idanti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册 Pali 中文(经文用名) 角色 bhikkhu 比丘 争论的参与者、处理者 bhikkhunī 比丘尼 犯罪的参与者 mātā 母亲 与子女争论的非僧团成员 putto 子女 与父母争论的非僧团成员 pitā 父亲 与子女争论的非僧团成员 bhātā 兄弟 相互争论的非僧团成员 bhaginī 姊妹 与兄弟争论的非僧团成员 sahāyo 朋友 相互争论的非僧团成员
地点 僧团内部,处理各种争论的场所(具体地点经中未详指)。
事件 这部经是对僧团内部各种争论的体系化梳理与教理问答。它以自我问答的形式展开,将争论分为四种:争论论、非难、犯罪、义务。经文逐一拆解每一种争论的破坏方式、根源、与犯罪与否的关系,并详细阐述了如何用七种止灭法去熄灭这些争论。整个文本如同一个法律框架,旨在为僧团处理纷争提供完整的判别标准与操作指引。
经文摘要 四种诤事的分类(是什么)→ 如何被破坏、有多少根源、关联何种罪(怎么来的)→ 如何用七种止灭法(现前调伏、念律、不痴调伏、自言治、多数决、如法忆念、覆草)来将其平息(怎么灭)。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解) 背景层:僧团的纷争不只是“吵架”
这部经不是在讲普通的口角,而是将僧团内部可能出现的所有纠纷,系统性地归为四类。它一开头就定义“四种诤事”:“争论论诤事、非难诤事、犯罪诤事、义务诤事”。这就像是给医生一本病理学手册,先得把病的种类分清楚,才能对症下药。争吵的焦点是“法还是非法”,这是争论论;去挑剔别人的戒行或生活方式,是非难;有人犯了戒条,这是犯罪;僧团该怎么开会、做决议,这是义务。把混乱的现实问题放进这四个框里,是解决的第一步。
核心层:法的精妙在于看到“交叉感染”
这部经最深刻的地方,是用一个不断发问的结构,展示了四类诤事是如何相互缠绕、引燃的。经文说:“争论论诤事成为争论讼诤事、成为罪诤事、成为甘马诤事”。→ 拆开看:这句话点出了僧团冲突的典型升级链——本来两个人只是在争论一个教法问题(争论论),争着争着,一方开始指责对方的个人过失(变为非难诤事),在攻击中可能犯下诽谤等戒条(产生了罪诤事),最后僧团不得不集体开会处理这个人(演变成义务诤事)。律制的智慧不在于惩罚,而在于看清这个引燃的链条,在火焰还小的时候就断掉它的燃料。
经文还把止息的方法和罪的级别、处理的地点做了精细的配对,比如轻罪可以“在三处——僧团中、众中、个人面前;以三种止灭法而止灭——或以现前调伏和自认作,或以现前调伏和覆草”。→ 拆开看:这体现了“罪罚相当”与“对机说法”的实务原则。不是说任何问题都要拉到大庭广众下批斗,小罪、无心之失,在当事人面前、坦诚认错、或用“覆草”法(像草盖住屎一样,为了团体的和谐暂时搁置)就止息了。这防止了把小事搞大,把内部矛盾公开化,是一种为了维护僧团和合而设计的精密调节机制。
要旨层:灭诤的本质是灭心火
整部经翻来覆去地问“因、集、生、源”,目的不是搞学术,而是指向熄灭。→ 一句话要旨:僧团所有的争论,不论起因是法义、戒律还是个性,其本质都是需要通过一套公认的、理性的流程(七止灭法)来斩断的烦恼,这套流程的唯一目的是让事件“止息”,恢复团体的和合,而不是分出输赢。
关键术语锚 - Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ → 争论论诤事 :易错点:不能简化为“争论”。它特指就法义、戒律等议题产生的“意见分歧之争”,是争论的形式之一,区别于针对个人行为的“非难诤事”。
- Adhikaraṇaṃ → 诤事 :易错点:它是四个具体争论类型的上位概念,一个总称。须区别开来,不能在每个具体语境下都只译成“争论”,否则四种分类就乱了。
- Samathā → 止灭/灭 :易错点:不是铲除或消灭。指让已经生起的争论“平息、冷却”下来的方法,强调的是恢复和谐状态的过程。
- Anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ → 非难诤事 :易错点:不是简单的不高兴。它特指以“戒失坏、行失坏、见失坏”等为由,对他人发起的正式指责或攻击。
- Sammukhāvinaya → 现前调伏 :易错点:易被误解为当面对质。它包含“法现前、律现前、人现前”等层面,指处理问题时,所依的人、法、程序都要“在场”、正确且合规。
- Tiṇavatthārako → 覆草 :易错点:容易被理解成掩盖矛盾的“和稀泥”。其真实用意是,当双方都僵持不下、忏悔的事已做过,再追究下去只会导致更严重的分裂时,为避免僧团被破坏而采取的一种“有意识的搁置”,如同用草盖住秽物,待它自己平息。