1. 迦絺那衣展开等显示巴利原文
1. Kathinaatthatādi
403 谁的迦絺那衣未展?谁的迦絺那衣已展?怎样会导致迦絺那衣未展?怎样会导致迦絺那衣已展?显示巴利原文
Kassa kathinaṃ anatthataṃ? Kassa kathinaṃ atthataṃ? Kinti kathinaṃ anatthataṃ? Kinti kathinaṃ atthataṃ?
有两类人的迦絺那衣是未展的:未铺展者与不随喜者。这两类人的迦絺那衣是未展的。显示巴利原文
nti? Dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ anatthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ – anatthārakassa ca ananumodakassa ca. Imesaṃ dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ anatthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ.
有两类人的迦絺那衣是已展的:铺展者与随喜者。这两类人的迦絺那衣是已展的。显示巴利原文
nti? Dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ – atthārakassa ca anumodakassa ca. Imesaṃ dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ.
有二十四种方式导致迦絺那衣未展:仅凭划线不足令迦絺那衣已展,仅凭清洗不足令迦絺那衣已展,仅凭审视布料不足令迦絺那衣已展,仅凭裁剪不足令迦絺那衣已展,仅凭缝合不足令迦絺那衣已展,仅凭接边不足令迦絺那衣已展,仅凭加条补固不足令迦絺那衣已展,仅凭缀线加固不足令迦絺那衣已展,仅凭锁边不足令迦絺那衣已展,仅凭做缘饰不足令迦絺那衣已展,仅凭做镶边不足令迦絺那衣已展,仅凭捶打布料不足令迦絺那衣已展,通过暗示取得不足令迦絺那衣已展,通过绕圈说取得不足令迦絺那衣已展,拿取后拒而不受令迦絺那衣已展不足,储藏布料令迦絺那衣已展不足,应舍的布料不足令迦絺那衣已展,不净的布料不足令迦絺那衣已展,非僧伽帝衣之外不足令迦絺那衣已展,非上衣之外不足令迦絺那衣已展,非下衣之外不足令迦絺那衣已展,非以五条或超过五条、当日裁剪、完成整边的布料不足令迦絺那衣已展,非由人亲自铺展不足令迦絺那衣已展,铺展如法却在界外随喜。这也会令迦絺那衣未展。显示巴利原文
nti? Catuvīsatiyā ākārehi anatthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na ullikhitamattena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na dhovanamattena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na cīvaravicāraṇamattena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na chedanamattena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na bandhanamattena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na ovaṭṭiyakaraṇamattena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na kaṇḍusakaraṇamattena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na daḷhīkammakaraṇamattena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na anuvātakaraṇamattena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na paribhaṇḍakaraṇamattena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na ovaddheyyakaraṇamattena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na kambalamaddanamattena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na nimittakatena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na parikathākatena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na kukkukatena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na sannidhikatena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na nissaggiyena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na akappakatena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na aññatra saṅghāṭiyā atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na aññatra uttarāsaṅgena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na aññatra antaravāsakena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ , na aññatra pañcakena vā atirekapañcakena vā tadaheva sañchinnena samaṇḍalīkatena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, na aññatra puggalassa atthārā atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, sammā ce atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ taṃ ce nissīmaṭṭho anumodati. Evampi anatthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ.
暗示的行为,是指做出某种暗示说:'我将用这块布料铺展迦絺那衣。'绕圈说,是指通过绕圈说话来引发布料,说:'我将通过这样说,让人把迦絺那衣布料送来。'拿取后拒而不受,是指收到了却不接受。储藏,有两种储藏:作业储藏或积聚储藏。应舍的布料,是指在制作过程中,破晓时分到来。通过这二十四种方式,迦絺那衣未展。显示巴利原文
Nimittakammaṃ nāma nimittaṃ karoti – ‘‘iminā dussena kathinaṃ attharissāmī’’ti. Parikathā nāma parikathaṃ karoti – ‘‘imāya parikathāya kathinadussaṃ nibbattessāmī’’ti. Kukkukataṃ nāma anādiyadānaṃ vuccati. Sannidhi nāma dve sannidhiyo – karaṇasannidhi vā nicayasannidhi vā. Nissaggiyaṃ nāma kayiramāne aruṇaṃ uṭṭhahati . Imehi catuvīsatiyā ākārehi anatthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ.
有十七种方式令迦絺那衣已展:用新布令迦絺那衣已展,用类新布令迦絺那衣已展,用旧布令迦絺那衣已展,用粪扫衣令迦絺那衣已展,用商店买来的布令迦絺那衣已展,不借暗示令迦絺那衣已展,不借绕圈说令迦絺那衣已展,不拒而不受令迦絺那衣已展,不储藏令迦絺那衣已展,不用应舍的布料令迦絺那衣已展,用如法的布料令迦絺那衣已展,用僧伽帝衣令迦絺那衣已展,用上衣令迦絺那衣已展,用下衣令迦絺那衣已展,用五条或超过五条、当日裁剪、完成整边的布料令迦絺那衣已展,由人亲自铺展令迦絺那衣已展,铺展如法且在界内随喜。这也会令迦絺那衣已展。通过这十七种方式,迦絺那衣已展。显示巴利原文
nti? Sattarasahi ākārehi atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ. Ahatena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, ahatakappena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, pilotikāya atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, paṃsukūlena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, pāpaṇikena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, animittakatena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, aparikathākatena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, akukkukatena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, asannidhikatena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, anissaggiyena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, kappakatena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, saṅghāṭiyā atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, uttarāsaṅgena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, antaravāsakena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, pañcakena vā atirekapañcakena vā tadaheva sañchinnena samaṇḍalīkatena atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, puggalassa atthārā atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, sammā ce atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, taṃ ce sīmaṭṭho anumodati, evampi atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ. Imehi sattarasahi ākārehi atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ.
与迦絺那衣铺展同时,有多少种法生起?与迦絺那衣铺展同时,有十五种法生起:八条本母、两种障碍、五种利益。与迦絺那衣铺展同时,这十五种法生起。显示巴利原文
Saha kathinassa atthārā kati dhammā jāyanti? Saha kathinassa atthārā pannarasa dhammā jāyanti – aṭṭha mātikā, dve palibodhā, pañcānisaṃsā. Saha kathinassa atthārā ime pannarasa dhammā jāyanti.
2. 迦絺那衣无间缘等显示巴利原文
2. Kathinaanantarapaccayādi
404 关于作业,哪些法以无间缘为其缘、以等无间缘为其缘、以依止缘为其缘、以亲依止缘为其缘、以前生缘为其缘、以后生缘为其缘、以俱生缘为其缘?关于预备工作,哪些法以无间缘为其缘……关于清除,哪些法……关于决意,哪些法……关于铺展,哪些法……关于本母及障碍,哪些法……关于事,哪些法以无间缘为其缘、以等无间缘为其缘、以依止缘为其缘、以亲依止缘为其缘、以前生缘为其缘、以后生缘为其缘、以俱生缘为其缘?显示巴利原文
Payogassa katame dhammā anantarapaccayena paccayo, samanantarapaccayena paccayo, nissayapaccayena paccayo, upanissayapaccayena paccayo , purejātapaccayena paccayo, pacchājātapaccayena paccayo, sahajātapaccayena paccayo? Pubbakaraṇassa katame dhammā anantarapaccayena paccayo…pe… paccuddhārassa katame dhammā… adhiṭṭhānassa katame dhammā… atthārassa katame dhammā… mātikānañca palibodhānañca katame dhammā… vatthussa katame dhammā anantarapaccayena paccayo, samanantarapaccayena paccayo, nissayapaccayena paccayo, upanissayapaccayena paccayo, purejātapaccayena paccayo, pacchājātapaccayena paccayo, sahajātapaccayena paccayo?
前行作为作业的无间缘、等无间缘、依止缘、亲依止缘。作业作为前行的前生缘。前行作为作业的后生缘。十五种法作为俱生缘。清除作为前行的无间缘、等无间缘、依止缘、亲依止缘。前行作为清除的前生缘。清除作为前行的后生缘。十五种法作为俱生缘。决意作为清除的无间缘、等无间缘、依止缘、亲依止缘。清除作为决意的前生缘。决意作为清除的后生缘。十五种法作为俱生缘。铺展作为决意的无间缘、等无间缘、依止缘、亲依止缘。决意作为铺展的前生缘。铺展作为决意的后生缘。十五种法作为俱生缘。本母和障碍作为铺展的无间缘、等无间缘、依止缘、亲依止缘。铺展作为本母和障碍的前生缘。本母和障碍作为铺展的后生缘。十五种法作为俱生缘。有期望和无期望作为事情的无间缘、等无间缘、依止缘、亲依止缘。事情作为有期望和无期望的前生缘。有期望和无期望作为事情的后生缘。十五种法作为俱生缘。显示巴利原文
Pubbakaraṇaṃ payogassa anantarapaccayena paccayo, samanantarapaccayena paccayo, nissayapaccayena paccayo, upanissayapaccayena paccayo. Payogo pubbakaraṇassa purejātapaccayena paccayo. Pubbakaraṇaṃ payogassa pacchājātapaccayena paccayo. Pannarasa dhammā sahajātapaccayena paccayo. Paccuddhāro pubbakaraṇassa anantarapaccayena paccayo, samanantarapaccayena paccayo, nissayapaccayena paccayo, upanissayapaccayena paccayo. Pubbakaraṇaṃ paccuddhārassa purejātapaccayena paccayo. Paccuddhāro pubbakaraṇassa pacchājātapaccayena paccayo. Pannarasa dhammā sahajātapaccayena paccayo. Adhiṭṭhānaṃ paccuddhārassa anantarapaccayena paccayo, samanantarapaccayena paccayo, nissayapaccayena paccayo, upanissayapaccayena paccayo. Paccuddhāro adhiṭṭhānassa purejātapaccayena paccayo. Adhiṭṭhānaṃ paccuddhārassa pacchājātapaccayena paccayo. Pannarasa dhammā sahajātapaccayena paccayo. Atthāro adhiṭṭhānassa anantarapaccayena paccayo, samanantarapaccayena paccayo, nissayapaccayena paccayo, upanissayapaccayena paccayo. Adhiṭṭhānaṃ atthārassa purejātapaccayena paccayo. Atthāro adhiṭṭhānassa pacchājātapaccayena paccayo. Pannarasa dhammā sahajātapaccayena paccayo. Mātikā ca palibodhā ca atthārassa anantarapaccayena paccayo, samanantarapaccayena paccayo, nissayapaccayena paccayo, upanissayapaccayena paccayo. Atthāro mātikānañca palibodhānañca purejātapaccayena paccayo. Mātikā ca palibodhā ca atthārassa pacchājātapaccayena paccayo. Pannarasa dhammā sahajātapaccayena paccayo. Āsā ca anāsā ca vatthussa anantarapaccayena paccayo, samanantarapaccayena paccayo, nissayapaccayena paccayo , upanissayapaccayena paccayo. Vatthu āsānañca anāsānañca purejātapaccayena paccayo. Āsā ca anāsā ca vatthussa pacchājātapaccayena paccayo. Pannarasa dhammā sahajātapaccayena paccayo.
3. 前行因缘等分别显示巴利原文
3. Pubbakaraṇanidānādivibhāgo
405 前行以什么为因,以什么为集起,以什么为类,以什么为源,以什么为资粮,以什么为起源?清除以什么为因,以什么为集起,以什么为类,以什么为源,以什么为资粮,以什么为起源?决意以什么为因,以什么为集起,以什么为类,以什么为源,以什么为资粮,以什么为起源?铺展以什么为因,以什么为集起,以什么为类,以什么为源,以什么为资粮,以什么为起源?本母和障碍以什么为因,以什么为集起,以什么为类,以什么为源,以什么为资粮,以什么为起源?有期望和无期望以什么为因,以什么为集起,以什么为类,以什么为源,以什么为资粮,以什么为起源?显示巴利原文
Pubbakaraṇaṃ kiṃnidānaṃ, kiṃsamudayaṃ, kiṃjātikaṃ, kiṃpabhavaṃ, kiṃsambhāraṃ, kiṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ ? Paccuddhāro kiṃnidāno, kiṃsamudayo, kiṃjātiko, kiṃpabhavo, kiṃsambhāro, kiṃsamuṭṭhāno? Adhiṭṭhānaṃ kiṃnidānaṃ, kiṃsamudayaṃ, kiṃjātikaṃ, kiṃpabhavaṃ, kiṃsambhāraṃ, kiṃsamuṭṭhānaṃ? Atthāro kiṃnidāno, kiṃsamudayo, kiṃjātiko, kiṃpabhavo, kiṃsambhāro, kiṃsamuṭṭhāno? Mātikā ca palibodhā ca kiṃnidānā, kiṃsamudayā, kiṃjātikā, kiṃpabhavā, kiṃsambhārā kiṃsamuṭṭhānā? Āsā ca anāsā ca kiṃnidānā, kiṃsamudayā, kiṃjātikā, kiṃpabhavā, kiṃsambhārā, kiṃsamuṭṭhānā?
前行以作业为因,以作业为集起,以作业为类,以作业为源,以作业为资粮,以作业为起源。清除以前行为因,以前行为集起,以前行为类,以前行为源,以前行为资粮,以前行为起源。决意以清除为因,以清除为集起,以清除为类,以清除为源,以清除为资粮,以清除为起源。铺展以决意为因,以决意为集起,以决意为类,以决意为源,以决意为资粮,以决意为起源。本母和障碍以铺展为因,以铺展为集起,以铺展为类,以铺展为源,以铺展为资粮,以铺展为起源。有期望和无期望以事情为因,以事情为集起,以事情为类,以事情为源,以事情为资粮,以事情为起源。显示巴利原文
Pubbakaraṇaṃ payoganidānaṃ, payogasamudayaṃ, payogajātikaṃ, payogapabhavaṃ, payogasambhāraṃ, payogasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Paccuddhāro pubbakaraṇanidāno, pubbakaraṇasamudayo, pubbakaraṇajātiko, pubbakaraṇapabhavo, pubbakaraṇasambhāro, pubbakaraṇasamuṭṭhāno. Adhiṭṭhānaṃ paccuddhāranidānaṃ, paccuddhārasamudayaṃ, paccuddhārajātikaṃ, paccuddhārapabhavaṃ, paccuddhārasambhāraṃ, paccuddhārasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Atthāro adhiṭṭhānanidāno, adhiṭṭhānasamudayo, adhiṭṭhānajātiko, adhiṭṭhānapabhavo, adhiṭṭhānasambhāro, adhiṭṭhānasamuṭṭhāno. Mātikā ca palibodhā ca atthāranidānā, atthārasamudayā, atthārajātikā, atthārapabhavā, atthārasambhārā, atthārasamuṭṭhānā. Āsā ca anāsā ca vatthunidānā, vatthusamudayā, vatthujātikā, vatthupabhavā, vatthusambhārā, vatthusamuṭṭhānā.
406 作业以什么为因,以什么为集起,以什么为类,以什么为源,以什么为资粮,以什么为起源?前行……(中略)清除……决意……铺展……本母和障碍……事情……有期望和无期望以什么为因,以什么为集起,以什么为类,以什么为源,以什么为资粮,以什么为起源?显示巴利原文
Payogo kiṃnidāno, kiṃsamudayo, kiṃjātiko, kiṃpabhavo, kiṃsambhāro, kiṃsamuṭṭhāno, pubbakaraṇaṃ…pe… paccuddhāro… adhiṭṭhānaṃ… atthāro… mātikā ca palibodhā ca… vatthu… āsā ca anāsā ca kiṃnidānā, kiṃsamudayā, kiṃjātikā, kiṃpabhavā, kiṃsambhārā, kiṃsamuṭṭhānā?
作业以因为因,以因为集起,以因为类,以因为源,以因为资粮,以因为起源。前行……(中略)清除……决意……铺展……本母和障碍……事情……有期望和无期望以因为因,以因为集起,以因为类,以因为源,以因为资粮,以因为起源。显示巴利原文
Payogo hetunidāno, hetusamudayo, hetujātiko, hetupabhavo, hetusambhāro, hetusamuṭṭhāno. Pubbakaraṇaṃ…pe… paccuddhāro… adhiṭṭhānaṃ… atthāro … mātikā ca palibodhā ca… vatthu… āsā ca anāsā ca hetunidānā, hetusamudayā, hetujātikā, hetupabhavā, hetusambhārā, hetusamuṭṭhānā.
407 作业以什么为因,以什么为集起,以什么为类,以什么为源,以什么为资粮,以什么为起源?前行……(中略)清除……决意……铺展……本母和障碍……事情……有期望和无期望以什么为因,以什么为集起,以什么为类,以什么为源,以什么为资粮,以什么为起源?显示巴利原文
Payogo kiṃnidāno, kiṃsamudayo, kiṃjātiko, kiṃpabhavo, kiṃsambhāro, kiṃsamuṭṭhāno? Pubbakaraṇaṃ…pe… paccuddhāro… adhiṭṭhānaṃ… atthāro… mātikā ca palibodhā ca… vatthu… āsā ca anāsā ca kiṃnidānā, kiṃsamudayā, kiṃjātikā, kiṃpabhavā, kiṃsambhārā, kiṃsamuṭṭhānā?
作业以缘为因,以缘为集起,以缘为类,以缘为源,以缘为资粮,以缘为起源。前行……(中略)清除……决意……铺展……本母和障碍……事情……有期望和无期望以缘为因,以缘为集起,以缘为类,以缘为源,以缘为资粮,以缘为起源。显示巴利原文
Payogo paccayanidāno, paccayasamudayo, paccayajātiko, paccayapabhavo, paccayasambhāro, paccayasamuṭṭhāno. Pubbakaraṇaṃ…pe… paccuddhāro… adhiṭṭhānaṃ… atthāro… mātikā ca palibodhā ca… vatthu… āsā ca anāsā ca paccayanidānā, paccayasamudayā, paccayajātikā, paccayapabhavā, paccayasambhārā, paccayasamuṭṭhānā.
408 前行被多少种法所摄?前行被七种法所摄。洗涤、审察、裁剪、缝合、缝制、染色、作净——前行被这些七种法所摄。显示巴利原文
Pubbakaraṇaṃ katihi dhammehi saṅgahitaṃ? Pubbakaraṇaṃ sattahi dhammehi saṅgahitaṃ. Dhovanena, vicāraṇena, chedanena, bandhanena, sibbanena, rajanena, kappakaraṇena – pubbakaraṇaṃ imehi sattahi dhammehi saṅgahitaṃ.
清除由几种法所摄?清除由三种法所摄——僧伽帝衣、上衣、下衣。显示巴利原文
Paccuddhāro katihi dhammehi saṅgahito? Paccuddhāro tīhi dhammehi saṅgahito – saṅghāṭiyā, uttarāsaṅgena, antaravāsakena.
决意由几种法所摄?决意由三种法所摄——僧伽帝衣、上衣、下衣。显示巴利原文
Adhiṭṭhānaṃ katihi dhammehi saṅgahitaṃ? Adhiṭṭhānaṃ tīhi dhammehi saṅgahitaṃ – saṅghāṭiyā, uttarāsaṅgena, antaravāsakena.
铺展由几种法所摄?铺展由一种法所摄——言语表达。显示巴利原文
Atthāro katihi dhammehi saṅgahito? Atthāro ekena dhammena saṅgahito – vacībhedena.
迦絺那衣有多少根、多少事、多少地?迦絺那衣有一根:僧团;三事:僧伽帝衣、上衣、下衣;六地:亚麻、棉、丝、毛、麻、混麻。显示巴利原文
Kathinassa kati mūlāni, kati vatthūni, kati bhūmiyo? Kathinassa ekaṃ mūlaṃ – saṅgho; tīṇi vatthūni – saṅghāṭi, uttarāsaṅgo, antaravāsako, cha bhūmiyo – khomaṃ, kappāsikaṃ, koseyyaṃ, kambalaṃ, sāṇaṃ, bhaṅgaṃ.
迦絺那衣什么为开始,什么为中间,什么为结束?迦絺那衣的前行为开始,作业为中间,铺展为结束。显示巴利原文
Kathinassa ko ādi, kiṃ majjhe, kiṃ pariyosānaṃ? Kathinassa pubbakaraṇaṃ ādi, kriyā majjhe, atthāro pariyosānaṃ.
409 具足几支的人不能铺展迦絺那衣?具足几支的人能铺展迦絺那衣?具足八支的人不能铺展迦絺那衣。具足八支的人能铺展迦絺那衣。哪八支让人不能铺展?不知前行为,不知清除,不知决意,不知铺展,不知本母,不知障碍,不知舍离,不知利益——具足这八支的人不能铺展迦絺那衣。哪八支让人能铺展?知前行为,知清除,知决意,知铺展,知本母,知障碍,知舍离,知利益——具足这八支的人能铺展迦絺那衣。显示巴利原文
Katihaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo abhabbo kathinaṃ attharituṃ? Katihaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo bhabbo kathinaṃ attharituṃ? Aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo abhabbo kathinaṃ attharituṃ. Aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo bhabbo kathinaṃ attharituṃ. Katamehi aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo abhabbo kathinaṃ attharituṃ? Pubbakaraṇaṃ na jānāti, paccuddhāraṃ na jānāti, adhiṭṭhānaṃ na jānāti, atthāraṃ na jānāti, mātikaṃ na jānāti, palibodhaṃ na jānāti, uddhāraṃ na jānāti, ānisaṃsaṃ na jānāti – imehi aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo abhabbo kathinaṃ attharituṃ. Katamehi aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo bhabbo kathinaṃ attharituṃ? Pubbakaraṇaṃ jānāti, paccuddhāraṃ jānāti, adhiṭṭhānaṃ jānāti, atthāraṃ jānāti, mātikaṃ jānāti, palibodhaṃ jānāti, uddhāraṃ jānāti, ānisaṃsaṃ jānāti – imehi aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo bhabbo kathinaṃ attharituṃ.
410 哪三种人的迦絺那衣铺展不成就?哪三种人的迦絺那衣铺展成就?三种人的迦絺那衣铺展不成就,三种人的迦絺那衣铺展成就。哪三种不成就?不在界内的人随喜,随喜时不发言语,发言语时不让人明白——这三种人的迦絺那衣铺展不成就。哪三种成就?在界内的人随喜,随喜时发言语,发言语时让人明白——这三种人的迦絺那衣铺展成就。显示巴利原文
Katinaṃ puggalānaṃ kathinatthārā na ruhanti? Katinaṃ puggalānaṃ kathinatthārā ruhanti? Tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ kathinatthārā na ruhanti. Tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ kathinatthārā ruhanti. Katamesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ kathinatthārā na ruhanti? Nissīmaṭṭho anumodati, anumodento na vācaṃ bhindati, vācaṃ bhindanto na paraṃ viññāpeti – imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ kathinatthārā na ruhanti. Katamesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ kathinatthārā ruhanti? Sīmaṭṭho anumodati, anumodento vācaṃ bhindati, vācaṃ bhindanto paraṃ viññāpeti – imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ kathinatthārā ruhanti.
411 哪几种迦絺那衣铺展不成就?哪几种迦絺那衣铺展成就?三种迦絺那衣铺展不成就,三种迦絺那衣铺展成就。哪三种迦絺那衣铺展不成就?事不具足、时不具足、作不具足——这三种迦絺那衣铺展不成就。哪三种迦絺那衣铺展成就?事具足、时具足、作具足——这三种迦絺那衣铺展成就。显示巴利原文
Kati kathinatthārā na ruhanti? Kati kathinatthārā ruhanti? Tayo kathinatthārā na ruhanti. Tayo kathinatthārā ruhanti. Katame tayo kathinatthārā na ruhanti? Vatthuvipannañceva hoti, kālavipannañca, karaṇavipannañca – ime tayo kathinatthārā na ruhanti. Katame tayo kathinatthārā ruhanti? Vatthusampannañceva hoti, kālasampannañca, karaṇasampannañca – ime tayo kathinatthārā ruhanti.
4. 迦絺那衣等应知分别显示巴利原文
4. Kathinādijānitabbavibhāgo
412 应当了解迦絺那衣,应当了解迦絺那衣的铺展,应当了解铺展迦絺那衣的月份,应当了解迦絺那衣铺展的失败,应当了解迦絺那衣铺展的成就,应当了解指示的作业,应当了解促成之言,应当了解蓄意迂回之作,应当了解储藏,应当了解应舍断之物。显示巴利原文
Kathinaṃ jānitabbaṃ, kathinatthāro jānitabbo, kathinassa atthāramāso jānitabbo, kathinassa atthāravipatti jānitabbā, kathinassa atthārasampatti jānitabbā, nimittakammaṃ jānitabbaṃ, parikathā jānitabbā, kukkukataṃ jānitabbaṃ, sannidhi jānitabbā, nissaggiyaṃ jānitabbaṃ.
就是这些法的总括、集合,所谓'名'、命名、称号、言说、文句、表达——也就是这称为'迦絺那衣'者。显示巴利原文
nti tesaññeva dhammānaṃ saṅgaho samavāyo nāmaṃ nāmakammaṃ nāmadheyyaṃ nirutti byañjanaṃ abhilāpo yadidaṃ kathinanti.
应当了解:雨安居的最后一个月。显示巴利原文
ti vassānassa pacchimo māso jānitabbo.
应当了解:以二十四种情况,迦絺那衣的铺展为失败。显示巴利原文
ti catuvīsatiyā ākārehi kathinassa atthāravipatti jānitabbā.
应当了解:以十七种情况,迦絺那衣的铺展为成就。显示巴利原文
ti sattarasahi ākārehi kathinassa atthārasampatti jānitabbā.
作指示的意思是:'我将用这块布铺展迦絺那衣。'显示巴利原文
nti nimittaṃ karoti iminā dussena kathinaṃ attharissāmīti.
作促成之言的意思是:'我将借着这番促成之言,促成迦絺那衣的布料。'显示巴利原文
ti parikathaṃ karoti imāya parikathāya kathinadussaṃ nibbattessāmīti.
应当了解:那是不接受的施舍。显示巴利原文
nti anādiyadānaṃ jānitabbaṃ.
这两种储藏应该被了知——作业储藏或积聚储藏。显示巴利原文
ti dve sannidhiyo jānitabbā – karaṇasannidhi vā nicayasannidhi vā.
正在制作的时候,天亮了。显示巴利原文
nti kariyamāne aruṇaṃ uṭṭhahati.
如果僧团得到了迦絺那衣料,僧团应该怎样做?铺展衣者应该怎样做?随喜者应该怎样做?显示巴利原文
ti sace saṅghassa kathinadussaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, saṅghena kathaṃ paṭipajjitabbaṃ, atthārakena kathaṃ paṭipajjitabbaṃ, anumodakena kathaṃ paṭipajjitabbaṃ.
413 僧团应该通过白二羯磨把布给那位铺展迦絺那衣的比丘。那位铺展迦絺那衣的比丘应该在当天就把它洗净、擦拭、审察、裁剪、缝合、染色、作净,然后铺展迦絺那衣。如果他想用僧伽帝衣铺展迦絺那衣,应该先清除旧的僧伽帝衣,决意新的僧伽帝衣,并应说出这样的话:'我用这件僧伽帝衣铺展迦絺那衣。'如果他想用上衣铺展迦絺那衣,应该先清除旧的上衣,决意新的上衣,并应说出这样的话:'我用这件上衣铺展迦絺那衣。'如果他想用下衣铺展迦絺那衣,应该先清除旧的下衣,决意新的下衣,并应说出这样的话:'我用这件下衣铺展迦絺那衣。'那位铺展迦絺那衣的比丘应当来到僧团这里,偏袒上衣,合掌,应该这样对他们说:'诸位尊者,僧团的迦絺那衣已经铺展了,这铺展迦絺那衣如法,请随喜吧。'那些随喜的诸比丘应该偏袒上衣,合掌,这样对他说:'贤友,僧团的迦絺那衣铺展了,这铺展迦絺那衣如法,我们随喜。'那位铺展迦絺那衣的比丘应当去到多位比丘那里,偏袒上衣,合掌,应该这样对他们说:'诸位尊者,僧团的迦絺那衣铺展了,这铺展迦絺那衣如法,请随喜吧。'那些随喜的诸比丘应该偏袒上衣,合掌,这样对他说:'贤友,僧团的迦絺那衣铺展了,这铺展迦絺那衣如法,我们随喜。'那位铺展迦絺那衣的比丘应当去到一位比丘那里,偏袒上衣,合掌,这样对他说:'贤友,僧团的迦絺那衣铺展了,这铺展迦絺那衣如法,你随喜吧。'那位随喜的比丘应该偏袒上衣,合掌,这样对他说:'贤友,僧团的迦絺那衣铺展了,这铺展迦絺那衣如法,我随喜。'显示巴利原文
Saṅghena ñattidutiyena kammena kathinatthārakassa bhikkhuno dātabbaṃ, tena kathinatthārakena bhikkhunā tadaheva dhovitvā vimajjitvā vicāretvā chinditvā sibbetvā rajitvā kappaṃ katvā kathinaṃ attharitabbaṃ. Sace saṅghāṭiyā kathinaṃ attharitukāmo hoti, porāṇikā saṅghāṭi paccuddharitabbā , navā saṅghāṭi adhiṭṭhātabbā. Imāya saṅghāṭiyā kathinaṃ attharāmīti vācā bhinditabbā. Sace uttarāsaṅgena kathinaṃ attharitukāmo hoti, porāṇako uttarāsaṅgo paccuddharitabbo, navo uttarāsaṅgo adhiṭṭhātabbo. Iminā uttarāsaṅgena kathinaṃ attharāmīti vācā bhinditabbā. Sace antaravāsakena kathinaṃ attharitukāmo hoti, porāṇako antaravāsako paccuddharitabbo, navo antaravāsako adhiṭṭhātabbo. Iminā antaravāsakena kathinaṃ attharāmīti vācā bhinditabbā. Tena kathinatthārakena bhikkhunā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘atthataṃ, bhante, saṅghassa kathinaṃ, dhammiko kathinatthāro, anumodathā’’ti. Tehi anumodakehi bhikkhūhi ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘atthataṃ, āvuso, saṅghassa kathinaṃ, dhammiko kathinatthāro, anumodāmā’’ti. Tena kathinatthārakena bhikkhunā sambahule bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassu vacanīyā – ‘‘atthataṃ, bhante, saṅghassa kathinaṃ, dhammiko kathinatthāro, anumodathā’’ti. Tehi anumodakehi bhikkhūhi ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘atthataṃ, āvuso, saṅghassa kathinaṃ, dhammiko kathinatthāro anumodāmā’’ti. Tena kathinatthārakena bhikkhunā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘atthataṃ, āvuso, saṅghassa kathinaṃ, dhammiko kathinatthāro, anumodāhī’’ti. Tena anumodakena bhikkhunā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘atthataṃ, āvuso, saṅghassa kathinaṃ, dhammiko kathinatthāro, anumodāmī’’ti.
5. 个人受用迦絺那衣展开显示巴利原文
5. Puggalassevakathinatthāro
414 僧团铺展迦絺那衣,众铺展迦絺那衣,个人铺展迦絺那衣吗?不是僧团铺展迦絺那衣,不是众铺展迦絺那衣,是个人铺展迦絺那衣。既然不是僧团铺展迦絺那衣,不是众铺展迦絺那衣,是个人铺展迦絺那衣,那么僧团的迦絺那衣是未铺展的,众的迦絺那衣是未铺展的,个人的迦絺那衣是已铺展的。僧团诵巴帝摩卡,众诵巴帝摩卡,个人诵巴帝摩卡吗?不是僧团诵巴帝摩卡,不是众诵巴帝摩卡,是个人诵巴帝摩卡。既然不是僧团诵巴帝摩卡,不是众诵巴帝摩卡,是个人诵巴帝摩卡,那么僧团的巴帝摩卡是未诵的,众的巴帝摩卡是未诵的,个人的巴帝摩卡是已诵的。通过僧团的和合、众的和合、个人的诵出,僧团的巴帝摩卡成为已诵的,众的巴帝摩卡成为已诵的,个人的巴帝摩卡成为已诵的。同样地,不是僧团铺展迦絺那衣,不是众铺展迦絺那衣,是个人铺展迦絺那衣。通过僧团的随喜、众的随喜、个人的铺展,僧团的迦絺那衣成为已铺展的,众的迦絺那衣成为已铺展的,个人的迦絺那衣成为已铺展的。显示巴利原文
Saṅgho kathinaṃ attharati, gaṇo kathinaṃ attharati, puggalo kathinaṃ attharatīti. Na saṅgho kathinaṃ attharati, na gaṇo kathinaṃ attharati, puggalo kathinaṃ attharatīti. Hañci na saṅgho kathinaṃ attharati, na gaṇo kathinaṃ attharati, puggalo kathinaṃ attharati. Saṅghassa anatthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, gaṇassa anatthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, puggalassa atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ. Saṅgho pātimokkhaṃ uddisati gaṇo pātimokkhaṃ uddisati puggalo pātimokkhaṃ uddisatīti na saṅgho pātimokkhaṃ uddisati, na gaṇo pātimokkhaṃ uddisati, puggalo pātimokkhaṃ uddisatīti. Hañci na saṅgho pātimokkhaṃ uddisati, na gaṇo pātimokkhaṃ uddisati, puggalo pātimokkhaṃ uddisati. Saṅghassa anuddiṭṭhaṃ hoti pātimokkhaṃ, gaṇassa anuddiṭṭhaṃ hoti pātimokkhaṃ, puggalassa uddiṭṭhaṃ hoti pātimokkhaṃ. Saṅghassa sāmaggiyā gaṇassa sāmaggiyā puggalassa uddesā saṅghassa uddiṭṭhaṃ hoti pātimokkhaṃ, gaṇassa uddiṭṭhaṃ hoti pātimokkhaṃ, puggalassa uddiṭṭhaṃ hoti pātimokkhaṃ. Evameva na saṅgho kathinaṃ attharati, na gaṇo kathinaṃ attharati, puggalo kathinaṃ attharati. Saṅghassa anumodanāya gaṇassa anumodanāya puggalassa atthārā saṅghassa atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, gaṇassa atthataṃ hoti kathinaṃ, puggalassa atthataṃ hoti kathinanti.
6. 障碍问题解答显示巴利原文
6. Palibodhapañhābyākaraṇaṃ
以离去为边际的迦絺那衣效力结束,是太阳族亲所说;
这件事我请问您,哪种障碍最先舍断?
以离去为边际的迦絺那衣舍离,是太阳族亲所说;
关于这个问题,我将回答你:衣的障碍会先断除;
当他离开寺院范围时,住处的障碍就会随之断除。
迦絺那衣的效力以衣的完成为终结,这是太阳族亲所说的;
关于这个问题,我想请问你:哪一种障碍会先断除?
迦絺那衣的效力以衣的完成为终结,这是太阳族亲所说的;
关于这个问题,我将回答你:住处的障碍会先断除;
当衣完成时,衣的障碍就断除了。
以决定为边际的迦絺那衣舍离,是太阳族亲所说;
我且问这件事:哪种障碍最先断除?
以决定为边际的迦絺那衣舍离,这是日种佛陀所说;
我来解答这件事:两种障碍同时断除,没有先后。
迦絺那衣的舍除,以丢失为终结,这是日种佛陀所说;
我且问这件事:哪种障碍最先断除?
迦絺那衣的舍除,以丢失为终结,这是日种佛陀所说;
我来解答这件事:住处障碍最先断除;
衣丢失时,衣障碍就断除了。
对此,我来解答:衣的障碍先断除;
当他听闻的同时,住处障碍就断除了。
以断绝希望为特性的迦絺那衣舍离,这是佛陀所说的;
对此,我再问:哪一种障碍先断除?
以断绝希望为特性的迦絺那衣舍离,这是佛陀所说的;
对此,我将解答:首先断除的是住所障碍。
以越界为边际的迦絺那衣舍离,是太阳族亲所说;
对此,我请问:哪一种障碍首先断除?
以越界为边际的迦絺那衣舍离,是太阳族亲所说;
对此,我将解答:首先断除的是衣的障碍。
共同承担的迦絺那衣舍离,这是太阳族亲人所说的;
关于此事,我将解答:两种障碍并非前后断除,而是同时断除。
显示巴利原文 Pakkamanantiko kathinuddhāro, vutto ādiccabandhunā; Etañca tāhaṃ pucchāmi, katamo palibodho paṭhamaṃ chijjati. Pakkamanantiko kathinuddhāro, vutto ādiccabandhunā; Etañca tāhaṃ vissajjissaṃ, cīvarapalibodho paṭhamaṃ chijjati; Tassa saha bahisīmagamanā, āvāsapalibodho chijjati. Niṭṭhānantiko kathinuddhāro, vutto ādiccabandhunā; Etañca tāhaṃ pucchāmi, katamo palibodho paṭhamaṃ chijjati. Niṭṭhānantiko kathinuddhāro, vutto ādiccabandhunā; Etañca tāhaṃ vissajjissaṃ, āvāsapalibodho paṭhamaṃ chijjati; Cīvare niṭṭhite cīvarapalibodho chijjati. Sanniṭṭhānantiko kathinuddhāro, vutto ādiccabandhunā; Etañca tāhaṃ pucchāmi, katamo palibodho paṭhamaṃ chijjati. Sanniṭṭhānantiko kathinuddhāro, vutto ādiccabandhunā; Etañca tāhaṃ vissajjissaṃ, dve palibodhā apubbaṃ acarimaṃ chijjanti. Nāsanantiko kathinuddhāro, vutto ādiccabandhunā; Etañca tāhaṃ pucchāmi, katamo palibodho paṭhamaṃ chijjati. Nāsanantiko kathinuddhāro, vutto ādiccabandhunā; Etañca tāhaṃ vissajjissaṃ, āvāsapalibodho paṭhamaṃ chijjati; Cīvare naṭṭhe cīvarapalibodho chijjati. Savanantiko kathinuddhāro, vutto ādiccabandhunā; Etañca tāhaṃ pucchāmi, katamo palibodho paṭhamaṃ chijjati. Savanantiko kathinuddhāro, vutto ādiccabandhunā; Etañca tāhaṃ vissajjissaṃ, cīvarapalibodho paṭhamaṃ chijjati; Tassa saha savanena, āvāsapalibodho chijjati. Āsāvacchediko kathinuddhāro, vutto ādiccabandhunā; Etañca tāhaṃ pucchāmi, katamo palibodho paṭhamaṃ chijjati. Āsāvacchediko kathinuddhāro, vutto ādiccabandhunā; Etañca tāhaṃ vissajjissaṃ, āvāsapalibodho paṭhamaṃ chijjati; Cīvarāsāya upacchinnāya cīvarapalibodho chijjati. Sīmātikkamanantiko kathinuddhāro, vutto ādiccabandhunā; Etañca tāhaṃ pucchāmi, katamo palibodho paṭhamaṃ chijjati. Sīmātikkamanantiko kathinuddhāro, vutto ādiccabandhunā; Etañca tāhaṃ vissajjissaṃ, cīvarapalibodho paṭhamaṃ chijjati; Tassa bahisīme āvāsapalibodho chijjati. Sahubbhāro kathinuddhāro , vutto ādiccabandhunā; Etañca tāhaṃ pucchāmi, katamo palibodho paṭhamaṃ chijjati. Sahubbhāro kathinuddhāro, vutto ādiccabandhunā; Etañca tāhaṃ vissajjissaṃ, dve palibodhā apubbaṃ acarimaṃ chijjantīti.
416 有多少种迦絺那衣舍离是属于僧团所辖的?有多少种迦絺那衣舍离是属于个人所辖的?有多少种迦絺那衣舍离既非僧团所辖也非个人所辖的?一种迦絺那衣舍离属于僧团所辖——界内舍离。四种迦絺那衣舍离属于个人所辖——离去边缘舍离、完成边缘舍离、决定边缘舍离、越界边缘舍离。四种迦絺那衣舍离既非僧团所辖也非个人所辖——丧失边缘舍离、听闻边缘舍离、希望断绝舍离、共同承担。有多少种迦絺那衣舍离是在界内完成的?有多少种迦絺那衣舍离是在界外完成的?有多少种迦絺那衣舍离可能在界内完成,也可能在界外完成?两种迦絺那衣舍离在界内完成——界内舍离、共同承担。三种迦絺那衣舍离在界外完成——离去边缘舍离、听闻边缘舍离、越界边缘舍离。四种迦絺那衣舍离可能在界内完成,也可能在界外完成——完成边缘舍离、决定边缘舍离、丧失边缘舍离、希望断绝舍离。显示巴利原文
Kati kathinuddhārā saṅghādhīnā? Kati kathinuddhārā puggalādhīnā? Kati kathinuddhārā neva saṅghādhīnā na puggalādhīnā? Eko kathinuddhāro saṅghādhīno – antarubbhāro. Cattāro kathinuddhārā puggalādhīnā – pakkamanantiko, niṭṭhānantiko, sanniṭṭhānantiko, sīmātikkamanantiko . Cattāro kathinuddhārā neva saṅghādhīnā na puggalādhīnā – nāsanantiko, savanantiko, āsāvacchediko, sahubbhāro. Kati kathinuddhārā antosīmāya uddhariyyanti? Kati kathinuddhārā bahisīmāya uddhariyyanti? Kati kathinuddhārā siyā antosīmāya uddhariyyanti siyā bahisīmāya uddhariyyanti? Dve kathinuddhārā antosīmāya uddhariyyanti – antarubbhāro, sahubbhāro. Tayo kathinuddhārā bahisīmāya uddhariyyanti – pakkamanantiko, savanantiko, sīmātikkamanantiko. Cattāro kathinuddhārā siyā antosīmāya uddhariyyanti siyā bahisīmāya uddhariyyanti – niṭṭhānantiko, sanniṭṭhānantiko, nāsanantiko, āsāvacchediko.
有多少种迦絺那衣舍离是同时生起同时灭去的?有多少种迦絺那衣舍离是同时生起不同时灭去的?两种迦絺那衣舍离是同时生起同时灭去的——界内舍离、共同承担。其余的迦絺那衣舍离是同时生起不同时灭去的。显示巴利原文
Kati kathinuddhārā ekuppādā ekanirodhā? Kati kathinuddhārā ekuppādā nānānirodhā? Dve kathinuddhārā ekuppādā ekanirodhā – antarubbhāro, sahubbhāro. Avasesā kathinuddhārā ekuppādā nānānirodhāti.
谁的、如何的十五种法,是根本和因缘;
缘的摄集和根本,以及开头和铺展衣的人。
三种人的三件事应当知道,铺展和纲要说明;
因障碍之缘,及结界之生灭故。
显示巴利原文 Kassa kinti pannarasa, dhammā nidānahetu ca; Paccayasaṅgahamūlā, ādi ca atthārapuggalā . Tiṇṇaṃ tayo jānitabbaṃ, atthāraṃ uddesena ca; Palibodhādhinā, sīmāya uppādanirodhena cāti .
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册 Pali 中文(经文用名) 角色 Saṅgha 僧团 举行咖提那衣仪式的集体、受衣与随喜的主体 Bhikkhu 比丘 僧团中的个体,铺展衣者或随喜者
事件 这部经是对咖提那衣仪式的全面技术性分析。它系统阐述了咖提那衣“未展”与“已展”的各种成因、条件,以及铺展衣的过程如何作为一个紧密的因果缘起链条来运作。经文进而详细解说了仪式的前行、作业、完成,以及参与者所需的资格,最终列明了导致衣的效力终结的多种舍离情况。
经文摘要 定义展与未展的缘由→解析衣展过程中的缘起、因缘与摄法→阐明仪式流程与参与者条件→总结衣的舍离方式。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解) 背景与框架: 这篇经文不是讲故事,而是像一本极其精密的“咖提那衣操作手册”,专门用来界定僧团在雨安居结束后,如何如法地接受、制作并铺展咖提那衣,以及哪些情况会让这件事有效或无效。它不讲“为什么要做”,只讲“什么算做对了、什么算没做对”。
核心运作逻辑: 经文的重心在于展示一个严密的“心理-行为-结果”链条。衣的“铺展”不是一个简单的动作,而是一系列心念(决意)和动作(前行、清除等)不断相续的结果。
文中明确提到“犹豫”和“储藏”会让衣未展,因为心的状态不对:“犹豫,名为说不接受。储藏,名为二种储藏——作业储藏或积聚储藏。”
→ 拆开看: 这里把内心的“不接受”和“为以后留着”的念头,直接等同于行为的失败。它指出了,咖提那衣的如法成立,根本在于心的当下、无贪、无疑。只要心念一偏,比如想着“这布料不错,留一些以后用”,整个仪式的根基就断了。
关键节点的量化: 经文反复强调“八支”,规定什么人能或不能主持这事。“知预备,知对向,知决意,知分配,知本母,知障碍,知破坏,知利益——具足这八支的人能分配咖提那衣。”
→ 拆开看: 这“八支”不是八个神秘知识,而是对从开始到结束(包括如何应对失败)全套流程的通透掌握。它杜绝了“稀里糊涂做完”的可能性,要求执行者必须对整个法、其构成要素以及可能的错误有清醒的认知,这是一个完全意义上的专业性要求。
→ 一句话要旨: 咖提那衣仪式的效力,根植于一个清净无着的心念(决意)与对完整流程的精确执行,任何环节的心念染着或程序错漏,都会导致其失效。
关键术语锚 - paccuddhāro → 清除/回收 :此处指在制作新衣前,先舍弃或处理旧衣的心理与行为动作,是后续一切行动的必然前阶,易被简单理解为物质准备。
- adhiṭṭhānaṃ → 决意 :不只是一般决心,是心对特定衣(桑喀帝、上衣、下衣)进行“认定归属”的坚定意念,是仪式从物质操作升格为如法行为的关键心法。
- atthāro → 铺展/展开 :既是具体动作,更是仪式达成、功德利益生效的那个刹那状态。它是一个事相具足、时相具足、作业具足的“果”的呈现。
- saṅgha → 僧团 :此处不单指一群人,而是一个如法结界内的和合集体。文中多处对比“僧团铺展”、“众铺展”与“个人铺展”,凸显僧团作为仪式根(root)与法之依托的根本地位。
- mātikā → 本母/标题/纲要 :指咖提那衣相关课题的分类条目,是掌握这套复杂规则的总纲,不知本母即意味着无法整体把握法义,故不能主持仪式。