1. 羯磨篇集·5. 因不见罪举罪羯磨
1. 羯磨篇集 · 108 段
5. 因不见罪举罪羯磨
5. Āpattiyā adassane ukkhepanīyakammaṃ
46那时候,佛陀世尊住在憍赏弥的瞿师罗。当时,旃那尊者犯了戒,却不愿意看见自己的犯戒行为。那些少欲的诸比丘……他们不满、批评、指责说:“旃那尊者怎么能在犯戒之后,还不愿意看见自己犯的戒呢?”于是,那些比丘就把这件事报告给世尊。
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā channo āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na icchati āpattiṃ passituṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā channo āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na icchissati āpattiṃ passitu’’nti. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ.
于是,世尊以这件事为因缘、以这件事为事由,召集比丘僧团,然后问那些比丘说:“诸比丘,听说旃那比丘犯了罪,却不愿意见罪,这是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责说:“这不合适……诸比丘,那个愚蠢的人怎么能在犯了罪之后,还不愿意见罪呢?诸比丘,这不能让未生信者生信……呵责完后……作了法义开示后,对诸比丘说:诸比丘,那么,僧团应当对旃那比丘因不见罪而作举罪羯磨——与僧团不共住。诸比丘,应当这样作:先应举旃那比丘的罪,举罪之后应令他忆念,令他忆念之后应令他承认罪,令他承认罪之后,应由一位贤明且能胜任的比丘通知僧团——
Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhū paṭipucchi – ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, channo bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na icchati āpattiṃ passitu’’nti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā – ‘‘ananucchavikaṃ…pe… kathañhi nāma so, bhikkhave, moghapuriso āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na icchissati āpattiṃ passituṃ? Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ karotu – asambhogaṃ saṅghena. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, kātabbaṃ – paṭhamaṃ channo bhikkhu codetabbo, codetvā sāretabbo, sāretvā āpattiṃ āropetabbo, āpattiṃ āropetvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
47“请僧团听我说。这位阐那比丘犯了戒之后,不愿意正视自己的犯戒。如果僧团觉得时机合适,僧团应当对阐那比丘执行因不承认犯戒而驱出的羯磨——让他不得与僧团共处。这是动议。”
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ channo bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na icchati āpattiṃ passituṃ. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya – asambhogaṃ saṅghena. Esā ñatti.
请僧团听我说。这位阐那比丘犯了戒之后,不愿意正视自己的犯戒。僧团因他不承认犯戒,对阐那比丘执行驱出的羯磨——让他不得与僧团共处。哪位尊者认可此事:因阐那比丘不承认犯戒,僧团对他执行驱出的羯磨,让他不得与僧团共处——就请默然;哪位不认可,请说出来。
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ channo bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na icchati āpattiṃ passituṃ. Saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ karoti – asambhogaṃ saṅghena. Yassāyasmato khamati channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyassa kammassa karaṇaṃ – asambhogaṃ saṅghena, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“我再次说明这件事……(中略)……我第三次说明这件事——请僧团听我说。这位阐那比丘犯了戒之后,不愿意正视自己的犯戒。僧团对阐那比丘执行因不承认犯戒而驱出的羯磨——让他不得与僧团共处。哪位尊者认可对阐那比丘执行因不承认犯戒而驱出的羯磨——让他不得与僧团共处,请默然;哪位不认可,请说出来。”
‘‘Dutiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi…pe… tatiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi – suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ channo bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na icchati āpattiṃ passituṃ. Saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ karoti – asambhogaṃ saṅghena. Yassāyasmato khamati channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyassa kammassa karaṇaṃ – asambhogaṃ saṅghena, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“僧团已经对阐那比丘执行了因不承认犯戒而驱出的羯磨——让他不得与僧团共处。僧团认可,所以默然。这件事就这样确认下来。”
‘‘Kataṃ saṅghena channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ – asambhogaṃ saṅghena. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmīti.
“诸比丘,你们要一个住处接一个住处地传告:‘阐那比丘因不承认犯戒,僧团已对他作了驱出羯磨——他不得与僧团共处。’”
‘‘Āvāsaparamparañca, bhikkhave, saṃsatha – ‘channo bhikkhu saṅghena āpattiyā adassane ukkhepanīyakammakato – asambhogaṃ saṅghenā’ti.
非法羯磨十二法
Adhammakammadvādasakaṃ
48“诸比丘,具足三支的因不承认犯戒而驱出的羯磨,是非法羯磨、非律羯磨、难以平息的。不现前而作,未经询问而作,未经承认而作——诸比丘,具足这三支的因不承认犯戒而驱出的羯磨,就是非法羯磨、非律羯磨、难以平息的。”
‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgataṃ, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca. Asammukhā kataṃ hoti, appaṭipucchā kataṃ hoti, appaṭiññāya kataṃ hoti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca.
诸比丘,另有一种羯磨,具足其他三支,因不承认犯戒而驱出,也是非法羯磨、非律羯磨、难以平息的。对没有犯戒的人执行……对属于不可悔过类型的犯戒执行……对已经悔过了的犯戒执行……(中略)……没有告诫就执行、没有提醒就执行、没有确立犯戒就执行……(中略)……不现前而作、非法而作、以别众而作……(中略)……未经询问而作、非法而作、以别众而作……(中略)……未经承认而作、非法而作、以别众而作……(中略)……对没有犯戒的人执行、非法而作、以别众而作……(中略)……对属于不可悔过类型的犯戒执行、非法而作、以别众而作……(中略)……对已经悔过了的犯戒执行、非法而作、以别众而作……(中略)……没有告诫就执行、非法而作、以别众而作……(中略)……没有提醒就执行、非法而作、以别众而作……(中略)……没有确立犯戒就执行、非法而作、以别众而作——诸比丘,这样的羯磨具足这三支,因不承认犯戒而驱出,就是非法羯磨、非律羯磨、难以平息的。
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca. Anāpattiyā kataṃ hoti, adesanāgāminiyā āpattiyā kataṃ hoti, desitāya āpattiyā kataṃ hoti…pe… acodetvā kataṃ hoti, asāretvā kataṃ hoti, āpattiṃ anāropetvā kataṃ hoti…pe… asammukhā kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… appaṭipucchā kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… appaṭiññāya kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… anāpattiyā kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… adesanāgāminiyā āpattiyā kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… desitāya āpattiyā kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… acodetvā kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… asāretvā kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… āpattiṃ anāropetvā kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca.
如法羯磨十二法
Dhammakammadvādasakaṃ
49“诸比丘,具足三支的因不承认犯戒而驱出的羯磨,是如法羯磨、如律羯磨、容易平息的。当面而作,经过询问而作,经过承认而作——诸比丘,具足这三支的因不承认犯戒而驱出的羯磨,就是如法羯磨、如律羯磨、容易平息的。”
‘‘Tīhi , bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgataṃ, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ dhammakammañca hoti, vinayakammañca, suvūpasantañca. Sammukhā kataṃ hoti, paṭipucchā kataṃ hoti, paṭiññāya kataṃ hoti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ dhammakammañca hoti, vinayakammañca, suvūpasantañca.
诸比丘,还有具备了其他三支的……是针对犯戒而做的,是针对可忏悔的犯戒而做的,是针对未忏悔的犯戒而做的……是经举发后做的,是经提醒后做的,是经指控犯戒后做的……是当面做的,是如法做的,是和合做的……是经反问后做的,是如法做的,是和合做的……是经承认后做的,是如法做的,是和合做的……是针对犯戒而做的,是如法做的,是和合做的……是针对可忏悔的犯戒而做的,是如法做的,是和合做的……是针对未忏悔的犯戒而做的,是如法做的,是和合做的……是经举发后做的,是如法做的,是和合做的……是经提醒后做的,是如法做的,是和合做的……是经指控犯戒后做的,是如法做的,是和合做的——诸比丘,具备了这三支的、针对不见罪的举罪羯磨,就是如法羯磨、如律羯磨,是妥善平息的。
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ…pe…. Āpattiyā kataṃ hoti, desanāgāminiyā āpattiyā kataṃ hoti, adesitāya āpattiyā kataṃ hoti…pe… codetvā kataṃ hoti, sāretvā kataṃ hoti, āpattiṃ āropetvā kataṃ hoti…pe… sammukhā kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… paṭipucchā kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… paṭiññāya kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… āpattiyā kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… desanāgāminiyā āpattiyā kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… adesitāya āpattiyā kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… codetvā kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… sāretvā kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… āpattiṃ āropetvā kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ dhammakammañca hoti, vinayakammañca, suvūpasantañca.
希望者六法
Ākaṅkhamānachakkaṃ
50诸比丘,如果僧团有意,可以对具备了这三种品质的比丘执行不见罪举罪羯磨:他是争论制造者、争吵制造者、争执制造者、闲话制造者,在僧团中挑起诤事的人;他愚笨、不通达、常犯戒、没有节制;他与在家人混杂而住,以不如法的方式和在家人交往——诸比丘,如果僧团有意,可以对具备了这三种品质的比丘执行不见罪举罪羯磨。
‘‘Tīhi , bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya. Bhaṇḍanakārako hoti kalahakārako vivādakārako bhassakārako saṅghe adhikaraṇakārako ; bālo hoti abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno; gihisaṃsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikehi gihisaṃsaggehi – imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya.
诸比丘,如果僧团有意,还可以对具备了其他三种品质的比丘执行不见罪举罪羯磨:在增上戒上戒行有缺失,在行为上操行有缺失,在邪见上见解有缺失——诸比丘,如果僧团有意,可以对具备了这三种品质的比丘执行不见罪举罪羯磨。
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya. Adhisīle sīlavipanno hoti, ajjhācāre ācāravipanno hoti, atidiṭṭhiyā diṭṭhivipanno hoti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya.
诸比丘,如果僧团有意,还可以对具备了其他三种品质的比丘执行不见罪举罪羯磨:说佛陀的坏话,说法的坏话,说僧团的坏话——诸比丘,如果僧团有意,可以对具备了这三种品质的比丘执行不见罪举罪羯磨。
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya. Buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati – imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya.
诸比丘,如果僧团有意,可以对这三种比丘执行不见罪举罪羯磨:一个是争论制造者、争吵制造者、争执制造者、闲话制造者,在僧团中挑起诤事的人;一个是愚笨、不通达、常犯戒、没有节制的人;一个是与在家人混杂而住、以不如法的方式和在家人交往的人——诸比丘,如果僧团有意,可以对这三种比丘执行不见罪举罪羯磨。
‘‘Tiṇṇaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya. Eko bhaṇḍanakārako hoti kalahakārako vivādakārako bhassakārako saṅghe adhikaraṇakārako; eko bālo hoti abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno; eko gihisaṃsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikehi gihisaṃsaggehi – imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tiṇṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya.
诸比丘,如果僧团有意,还可以对其他三种比丘执行不见罪举罪羯磨:一个是在增上戒上戒行有缺失,一个是在行为上操行有缺失,一个是在邪见上见解有缺失——诸比丘,如果僧团有意,可以对这三种比丘执行不见罪举罪羯磨。
‘‘Aparesampi, bhikkhave, tiṇṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya. Eko adhisīle sīlavipanno hoti , eko ajjhācāre ācāravipanno hoti, eko atidiṭṭhiyā diṭṭhivipanno hoti – imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tiṇṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya.
诸比丘,如果僧团愿意,还可以对另外三种比丘执行不见罪举罪羯磨:一种是说佛陀的坏话,一种是说法的坏话,一种是说僧团的坏话——诸比丘,如果僧团愿意,可以对这三种比丘执行不见罪举罪羯磨。
‘‘Aparesampi, bhikkhave, tiṇṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya. Eko buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, eko dhammassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, eko saṅghassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati – imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tiṇṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya.
51诸比丘,被做了不见罪举罪羯磨的比丘,应当正确地行持。在这里,正确的行持就是这些:不能给人授具足戒,不能给人依止,不能让沙弥随侍,不能接受比丘尼教诫者的委任,即使已受委任也不能教诫比丘尼们。对于僧团所执行不见罪举罪羯磨所依据的那个犯戒,不能再犯,也不能犯其他类似的,或比那更重的。不能批评这个羯磨,不能批评那些做羯磨的人。不能接受一位清净比丘的礼拜、起立迎接、合掌礼敬、恭敬侍奉,不能接受他递上座位、递上卧具、洗脚水、踏脚凳、擦脚布,不能接受他接取钵和袈裟,不能接受他洗澡时帮忙擦背。不能因为戒行的缺失而诋毁一位清净比丘,不能因为操行的缺失而诋毁他,不能因为见解的缺失而诋毁他,不能因为谋生方式的缺失而诋毁他。不能和诸比丘搞分裂,不能举在家人标识,不能举外道标识,不能亲近外道;应当亲近诸比丘,应当依比丘的学处来学。不能和清净比丘同在有覆蔽的住处待着,不能在无覆蔽的住处同待着,不能在有覆蔽或无覆蔽的住处同待着;见到清净比丘应当从座位上起来,不能用里面或外面的方式斥责清净比丘。不能对清净比丘中止布萨,不能中止自恣,不能对他发号施令,不能对他提出检举,不能对他要求许可,不能举发,不能提醒,不能和诸比丘对抗。
‘‘Āpattiyā adassane ukkhepanīyakammakatena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā sammā vattitabbaṃ . Tatrāyaṃ sammāvattanā – na upasampādetabbaṃ, na nissayo dātabbo, na sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo, na bhikkhunovādakasammuti sāditabbā, sammatenapi bhikkhuniyo na ovaditabbā. Yāya āpattiyā saṅghena, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kataṃ hoti sā āpatti na āpajjitabbā, aññā vā tādisikā, tato vā pāpiṭṭhatarā; kammaṃ na garahitabbaṃ, kammikā na garahitabbā . Na pakatattassa bhikkhuno abhivādanaṃ, paccuṭṭhānaṃ, añjalikammaṃ, sāmīcikammaṃ, āsanābhihāro, seyyābhihāro, pādodakaṃ, pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ, pattacīvarappaṭiggahaṇaṃ, nahāne piṭṭhiparikammaṃ sāditabbaṃ. Na pakatatto bhikkhu sīlavipattiyā anuddhaṃsetabbo, na ācāravipattiyā anuddhaṃsetabbo, na diṭṭhivipattiyā anuddhaṃsetabbo, na ājīvavipattiyā anuddhaṃsetabbo, na bhikkhu bhikkhūhi bhedetabbo , na gihiddhajo dhāretabbo, na titthiyaddhajo dhāretabbo, na titthiyā sevitabbā; bhikkhū sevitabbā, bhikkhusikkhāya sikkhitabbaṃ . Na pakatattena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ ekacchanne āvāse vatthabbaṃ, na ekacchanne anāvāse vatthabbaṃ, na ekacchanne āvāse vā anāvāse vā vatthabbaṃ, pakatattaṃ bhikkhuṃ disvā āsanā vuṭṭhātabbaṃ, na pakatatto bhikkhu āsādetabbo anto vā bahi vā. Na pakatattassa bhikkhuno uposatho ṭhapetabbo, na pavāraṇā ṭhapetabbā, na savacanīyaṃ kātabbaṃ, na anuvādo paṭṭhapetabbo, na okāso kāretabbo, na codetabbo, na sāretabbo, na bhikkhūhi sampayojetabba’’nti.
52那时,僧团对阐那比丘因不见罪而作了举罪羯磨——与僧团不共住。他被僧团因不见罪而作了举罪羯磨后,从那个住处去了另一个住处。在那里的诸比丘既没有向他礼拜,也没有起身迎接,也没有合掌,也没有作适当的礼节,没有恭敬他、没有尊重他、没有礼遇他、没有供养他。他因不被诸比丘恭敬、不被尊重、不被礼遇、不被供养、遭受冷遇,便也从那个住处去了另一个住处。在那里的诸比丘同样既没有向他礼拜,也没有起身迎接,也没有合掌,也没有作适当的礼节,没有恭敬他、没有尊重他、没有礼遇他、没有供养他。他因不被诸比丘恭敬、不被尊重、不被礼遇、不被供养、遭受冷遇,便又从那个住处去了另一个住处。在那里的诸比丘依然既没有向他礼拜,也没有起身迎接,也没有合掌,也没有作适当的礼节,没有恭敬他、没有尊重他、没有礼遇他、没有供养他。他因被诸比丘如此冷淡对待、遭受冷遇,便再次回到了憍赏弥。他如法行持、顺从接受、致力于出罪,去拜访诸比丘后这样说:“诸位贤友,我被僧团因不见罪而作了举罪羯磨,我如法行持、顺从接受、致力于出罪。我应当如何行持呢?”诸比丘将此事禀告世尊……(中略)。“诸比丘,既然如此,僧团应解除对阐那比丘因不见罪而作的举罪羯磨。”
Atha kho saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ akāsi – asambhogaṃ saṅghena. So saṅghena, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammakato tamhā āvāsā aññaṃ āvāsaṃ agamāsi. Tattha bhikkhū neva abhivādesuṃ, na paccuṭṭhesuṃ, na añjalikammaṃ na sāmīcikammaṃ akaṃsu, na sakkariṃsu, na garu kariṃsu , na mānesuṃ, na pūjesuṃ. So bhikkhūhi asakkariyamāno agarukariyamāno amāniyamāno apūjiyamāno asakkārapakato tamhāpi āvāsā aññaṃ āvāsaṃ agamāsi. Tatthapi bhikkhū neva abhivādesuṃ, na paccuṭṭhesuṃ, na añjalikammaṃ na sāmīcikammaṃ akaṃsu, na sakkariṃsu, na garuṃ kariṃsu, na mānesuṃ, na pūjesuṃ. So bhikkhūhi asakkariyamāno agarukariyamāno amāniyamāno apūjiyamāno asakkārapakato tamhāpi āvāsā aññaṃ āvāsaṃ agamāsi. Tatthapi bhikkhū neva abhivādesuṃ, na paccuṭṭhesuṃ, na añjalikammaṃ na sāmīcikammaṃ akaṃsu, na sakkariṃsu, na garuṃ kariṃsu, na mānesuṃ, na pūjesuṃ. So bhikkhūhi asakkariyamāno agarukariyamāno amāniyamāno apūjiyamāno asakkārapakato punadeva kosambiṃ paccāgañchi. So sammā vattati, lomaṃ pāteti, netthāraṃ vattati, bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘ahaṃ, āvuso, saṅghena, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammakato sammā vattāmi, lomaṃ pātemi, netthāraṃ vattāmi. Kathaṃ nu kho mayā paṭipajjitabba’’nti? Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe…. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetu.
不应撤销四十三法
Nappaṭippassambhetabba-tecattālīsakaṃ
53“诸比丘,对于具足五支的比丘,因不承认罪过而作的举罪羯磨不应被解除。哪五支?他为人授具足戒、给人依止、使沙弥随侍、接受教诫比丘尼的任命、即使已被认可也去教诫比丘尼——诸比丘,对于具足这五支的比丘,因不承认罪过而作的举罪羯磨不应被解除。”
‘‘Pañcahi , bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Upasampādeti, nissayaṃ deti, sāmaṇeraṃ upaṭṭhāpeti, bhikkhunovādakasammutiṃ sādiyati, sammatopi bhikkhuniyo ovadati – imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
“诸比丘,对于具足另外五支的比丘,因不见罪而作的举罪羯磨也不应被解除。哪五支?他犯下僧团因不见罪而对他作举罪羯磨的那项罪,或者犯下类似的罪,或者比那更严重的罪;他批评这项羯磨,批评执行羯磨的人——诸比丘,对于具足这五支的比丘,因不见罪而作的举罪羯磨不应被解除。”
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Yāya āpattiyā saṅghena, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kataṃ hoti taṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati, aññaṃ vā tādisikaṃ, tato vā pāpiṭṭhataraṃ; kammaṃ garahati, kammike garahati – imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
“诸比丘,对于具足另外五支的比丘,因不见罪而作的举罪羯磨不应被解除。哪五支?他接受清净比丘的礼敬、起身迎接、合掌、适当的恭敬礼节、提供座位——诸比丘,对于具足这五支的比丘,因不见罪而作的举罪羯磨不应被解除。”
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Pakatattassa bhikkhuno abhivādanaṃ, paccuṭṭhānaṃ, añjalikammaṃ, sāmīcikammaṃ, āsanābhihāraṃ sādiyati – imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
“诸比丘,对于具足另外五支的比丘,因不见罪而作的举罪羯磨不应被解除。哪五支?他接受清净比丘为他铺设卧具、提供洗脚水、脚凳、脚擦板,接受钵衣,接受沐浴时为他擦背——诸比丘,对于具足这五支的比丘,因不见罪而作的举罪羯磨不应被解除。”
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Pakatattassa bhikkhuno seyyābhihāraṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ, pādakathalikaṃ, pattacīvarappaṭiggahaṇaṃ , nahāne piṭṭhiparikammaṃ sādiyati – imehi kho, bhikkhave , pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
“诸比丘,对于具足另外五支的比丘,因不承认罪过而作的举罪羯磨也不应被解除。哪五支?他以戒行的缺失诋毁清净比丘,以行仪的缺失诋毁,以邪见的缺失诋毁,以谋生方式的缺失诋毁,他通过诸比丘离间比丘——诸比丘,对于具足这五支的比丘,因不承认罪过而作的举罪羯磨不应被解除。”
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Pakatattaṃ bhikkhuṃ sīlavipattiyā anuddhaṃseti, ācāravipattiyā anuddhaṃseti, diṭṭhivipattiyā anuddhaṃseti, ājīvavipattiyā anuddhaṃseti, bhikkhuṃ bhikkhūhi bhedeti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
“诸比丘,对于具足另外五支的比丘,因不承认罪过而作的举罪羯磨也不应被解除。哪五支?他穿着在家人的标志,穿着外道的标志,亲近外道而不亲近比丘,不学习比丘的学处——诸比丘,对于具足这五支的比丘,因不承认罪过而作的举罪羯磨不应被解除。”
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Gihiddhajaṃ dhāreti, titthiyaddhajaṃ dhāreti, titthiye sevati; bhikkhū na sevati, bhikkhusikkhāya na sikkhati – imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
“诸比丘,对于具足另外五支的比丘,因不承认罪过而作的举罪羯磨也不应被解除。哪五支?他与清净比丘同在一个有覆盖的住处住,同在一个有覆盖的非住处住,或者同在一个有覆盖的住处或非住处住;见到清净比丘不离开座位;在屋内或屋外挑衅清净比丘——诸比丘,对于具足这五支的比丘,因不承认罪过而作的举罪羯磨不应被解除。”
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Pakatattena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ ekacchanne āvāse vasati, ekacchanne anāvāse vasati, ekacchanne āvāse vā anāvāse vā vasati; pakatattaṃ bhikkhuṃ disvā āsanā na vuṭṭhāti; pakatattaṃ bhikkhuṃ āsādeti anto vā bahi vā – imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
诸比丘,如果一位比丘具备八支,就不该为他撤销因不承认罪而作出的举罪羯磨。他取消正常比丘的布萨,取消自恣,对他发号施令,对他提出检举,对他要求许可,举罪,施压令忆念,挑拨比丘之间的关系——诸比丘,具足这八支的比丘,就不该为他撤销因不承认罪而作出的举罪羯磨。
‘‘Aṭṭhahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Pakatattassa bhikkhuno uposathaṃ ṭhapeti, pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapeti, savacanīyaṃ karoti, anuvādaṃ paṭṭhapeti, okāsaṃ kāreti, codeti, sāreti, bhikkhūhi sampayojeti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
应撤销四十三法
Paṭippassambhetabba-tecattālīsakaṃ
54诸比丘,如果一位比丘具备五支,可以为他撤销因不承认罪而作出的举罪羯磨。他不给人授具足戒,不给人依止,不给人安排沙弥,不接受教导比丘尼的任命,即便已被任命也不教导比丘尼——诸比丘,具足这五支的比丘,可以为他撤销因不承认罪而作出的举罪羯磨。
‘‘Pañcahi , bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Na upasampādeti, na nissayaṃ deti, na sāmaṇeraṃ upaṭṭhāpeti, na bhikkhunovādakasammutiṃ sādiyati, sammatopi bhikkhuniyo na ovadati – imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
诸比丘,如果一位比丘还具备另外五支,可以为他撤销因不承认罪而作出的举罪羯磨。僧团因他不承认罪而对他作出举罪羯磨所针对的那项罪,他一概不犯;类似那样的其他罪,他也不犯;比那更重的罪,他也不犯。他不批评那个羯磨,也不批评执行羯磨的人——诸比丘,具足这五支的比丘,可以为他撤销因不承认罪而作出的举罪羯磨。
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Yāya āpattiyā saṅghena āpattiyā adassane ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kataṃ hoti taṃ āpattiṃ na āpajjati, aññaṃ vā tādisikaṃ, tato vā pāpiṭṭhataraṃ; kammaṃ na garahati, kammike na garahati – imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
诸比丘,如果一位比丘还具备另外五支,可以为他撤销因不承认罪而作出的举罪羯磨:正常比丘对他合掌、起立迎接、行合掌礼、行恭敬义务、提供座位,他都不接受——诸比丘,具足这五支的比丘,可以为他撤销因不承认罪而作出的举罪羯磨。
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Na pakatattassa bhikkhuno abhivādanaṃ, paccuṭṭhānaṃ, añjalikammaṃ, sāmīcikammaṃ, āsanābhihāraṃ sādiyati – imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
诸比丘,如果一位比丘还具备另外五支,可以为他撤销因不承认罪而作出的举罪羯磨。他不接受正常比丘为他铺卧具、送洗脚水、递脚凳、给脚擦布,也不接受对方替他接过钵和袈裟、洗澡时替他擦背——诸比丘,具足这五支的比丘,可以为他撤销因不承认罪而作出的举罪羯磨。
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Na pakatattassa bhikkhuno seyyābhihāraṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ, pādakathalikaṃ, pattacīvarappaṭiggahaṇaṃ, nahāne piṭṭhiparikammaṃ sādiyati – imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
诸比丘,如果一位比丘还具备另外五支,可以为他撤销因不承认罪而作出的举罪羯磨。他不就戒德的缺失抨击正常比丘,不就行仪的缺失抨击他,不就正见的缺失抨击他,不就活命的缺失抨击他,也不在比丘之间离间比丘——诸比丘,具足这五支的比丘,可以为他撤销因不承认罪而作出的举罪羯磨。
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Na pakatattaṃ bhikkhuṃ sīlavipattiyā anuddhaṃseti, na ācāravipattiyā anuddhaṃseti, na diṭṭhivipattiyā anuddhaṃseti, na ājīvavipattiyā anuddhaṃseti, na bhikkhuṃ bhikkhūhi bhedeti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
诸比丘,如果一位比丘还具备另外五支,可以为他撤销因不承认罪而作出的举罪羯磨。他不执着在家人标志,不执着外道标志,不亲近外道,亲近的是比丘,学习的是比丘学处——诸比丘,具足这五支的比丘,可以为他撤销因不承认罪而作出的举罪羯磨。
‘‘Aparehipi , bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Na gihiddhajaṃ dhāreti, na titthiyaddhajaṃ dhāreti, na titthiye sevati, bhikkhū sevati, bhikkhusikkhāya sikkhati – imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
诸比丘,如果一位比丘还具备另外五支,可以为他撤销因不承认罪而作出的举罪羯磨。他不与正常比丘住在同一覆蔽的住处里,不与他住在同一覆蔽的非住处里,不与他住在同一覆蔽的住处或非住处里,见到正常比丘他起身让座,不在室内或室外冒犯正常比丘——诸比丘,具足这五支的比丘,可以为他撤销因不承认罪而作出的举罪羯磨。
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Na pakatattena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ ekacchanne āvāse vasati, na ekacchanne anāvāse vasati, na ekacchanne āvāse vā anāvāse vā vasati, pakatattaṃ bhikkhuṃ disvā āsanā vuṭṭhāti, na pakatattaṃ bhikkhuṃ āsādeti anto vā bahi vā – imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
诸比丘,如果一位比丘具备这八项条件,因不承认罪过而被执行的举罪羯磨就可以撤销:他不去阻止清净比丘的布萨,不去阻止自恣,不对他发号施令,不对他提出检举,不对他要求许可,不发出指控,不进行提醒,不挑起诸比丘之间的对立。诸比丘,如果一位比丘具备这八项条件,因不承认罪过而被执行的举罪羯磨,就应该撤销。
‘‘Aṭṭhahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Na pakatattassa bhikkhuno uposathaṃ ṭhapeti, na pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapeti, na savacanīyaṃ karoti, na anuvādaṃ paṭṭhapeti, na okāsaṃ kāreti, na codeti, na sāreti, na bhikkhūhi sampayojeti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
55诸比丘,而且应该这样撤销。那位阐那比丘要走到僧团跟前,把上衣搭在一肩,向年长诸比丘顶礼双足,然后蹲坐,合掌,应该这样对他说:“尊者们,被僧团以不承认罪过为由执行了举罪羯磨的我,现在如法行持,改过自新,寻求脱离,我请求撤销因不承认罪过而受到的举罪羯磨。”要请求第二次。要请求第三次。然后一位有能力的、胜任的比丘应该向僧团报告:
‘‘Evañca pana, bhikkhave, paṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Tena, bhikkhave, channena bhikkhunā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘ahaṃ, bhante, saṅghena, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammakato sammā vattāmi, lomaṃ pātemi, netthāraṃ vattāmi, āpattiyā adassane ukkhepanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṃ yācāmī’ti. Dutiyampi yācitabbā. Tatiyampi yācitabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
“尊者僧团,请听我说。这位阐那比丘,被僧团以不承认罪过为由执行了举罪羯磨,现在他如法行持,改过自新,寻求脱离,请求撤销因不承认罪过而受到的举罪羯磨。如果僧团同意,就撤销阐那比丘因不承认罪过而受到的举罪羯磨。这是动议。”
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ channo bhikkhu saṅghena, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammakato sammā vattati, lomaṃ pāteti, netthāraṃ vattati, āpattiyā adassane ukkhepanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṃ yācati . Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambheyya. Esā ñatti.
“尊者僧团,请听我说。这位阐那比丘,被僧团以不承认罪过为由执行了举罪羯磨,现在他如法行持,改过自新,寻求脱离,请求撤销因不承认罪过而受到的举罪羯磨。僧团撤销阐那比丘因不承认罪过而受到的举罪羯磨。哪位尊者同意撤销阐那比丘因不承认罪过而受到的举罪羯磨,请默然;不同意的,请说出来。”
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ channo bhikkhu saṅghena, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammakato sammā vattati, lomaṃ pāteti, netthāraṃ vattati, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṃ yācati. Saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambheti. Yassāyasmato khamati channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhi, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“我第二次宣说此事……(中略)……我第三次宣说此事——尊者僧团,请听我说。这位阐那比丘,被僧团以不承认罪过为由执行了举罪羯磨,现在他如法行持,改过自新,寻求脱离,请求撤销因不承认罪过而受到的举罪羯磨。僧团撤销阐那比丘因不承认罪过而受到的举罪羯磨。哪位尊者同意撤销阐那比丘因不承认罪过而受到的举罪羯磨,请默然;不同意的,请说出来。”
‘‘Dutiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi…pe… tatiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi – suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ channo bhikkhu saṅghena, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammakato sammā vattati, lomaṃ pāteti, netthāraṃ vattati, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṃ yācati. Saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambheti. Yassāyasmato khamati channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhi, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“僧团已经撤销了阐那比丘因不承认罪过而受到的举罪羯磨。僧团同意,因此默然,这件事就这样确定下来。”
‘‘Paṭippassaddhaṃ saṅghena channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā adassane, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
6. 因不忏罪举罪羯磨
6. Āpattiyā appaṭikamme ukkhepanīyakammaṃ
56那时,佛陀世尊住在憍赏弥城的瞿师罗。就在那时,阐那尊者犯了罪过后,不愿意承认罪过。那些少欲比丘……对此不满、批评、议论:“阐那尊者怎么可以犯了罪过,却不愿意承认罪过呢?”于是,这些比丘就把这件事报告了世尊。
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā channo āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na icchati āpattiṃ paṭikātuṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āyasmā channo āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na icchissati āpattiṃ paṭikātu’’nti? Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ.
于是,世尊以此事为因缘,以此事为缘由,召集了比丘僧团,问诸比丘:“诸比丘,听说阐那比丘犯了罪过,却不愿意承认罪过,这是真的吗?”“是真的,世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责道:“这不合适……诸比丘,这个愚人怎么可以犯了罪过,却不愿意承认罪过呢?诸比丘,这既不能让没有信心的人生起信心……”呵责之后,他作了法谈,然后对诸比丘说:“既然如此,诸比丘,阐那比丘不承认罪过,僧团应当因此对他执行举罪羯磨——不与他共事。诸比丘,而且应该这样做:首先应当指责阐那比丘,其次应当提醒他,接着应当举发他的罪过;举发罪过之后,一位有能力的、胜任的比丘应当向僧团报告:”
Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhū paṭipucchi – ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, channo bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na icchati āpattiṃ paṭikātu’’nti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā – ‘‘ananucchavikaṃ…pe… kathañhi nāma so, bhikkhave, moghapuriso āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na icchissati āpattiṃ paṭikātuṃ. Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ karotu – asambhogaṃ saṅghena. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, kātabbaṃ – paṭhamaṃ channo bhikkhu codetabbo, codetvā sāretabbo, sāretvā āpattiṃ āropetabbo, āpattiṃ āropetvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
“尊者僧团,请听我说。这位阐那比丘犯了罪过,却不愿意忏悔罪过。如果僧团时机合适,僧团应当因阐那比丘不忏悔罪过,对他作举罪羯磨——不与僧团共住共事。这是动议。”
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ channo bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na icchati āpattiṃ paṭikātuṃ. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya – asambhogaṃ saṅghena. Esā ñatti.
“尊者僧团,请听我说。这位阐那比丘犯了罪过,却不愿意忏悔罪过。僧团对阐那比丘,因不忏悔罪过,作举罪羯磨——不与僧团共住共事。哪位尊者赞同对阐那比丘因不忏悔罪过而作举罪羯磨——不与僧团共住共事,他应保持默然;哪位不赞同,请说出来。”
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ channo bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na icchati āpattiṃ paṭikātuṃ. Saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ karoti – asambhogaṃ saṅghena. Yassāyasmato khamati channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyassa kammassa karaṇaṃ – asambhogaṃ saṅghena, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“我第二次陈述此事……(中略)……我第三次陈述此事——尊者们,愿僧团听我说。这位阐那比丘犯了罪过,却不愿忏悔罪过。僧团对阐那比丘,由于不忏悔罪过,执行举罪羯磨——不得与僧团共住共事。哪位尊者赞同对阐那比丘由于不忏悔罪过而执行举罪羯磨——不得与僧团共住共事,他应保持默然;哪位不赞同,请说。”
‘‘Dutiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi…pe… tatiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi – suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ channo bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na icchati āpattiṃ paṭikātuṃ. Saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ karoti – asambhogaṃ saṅghena. Yassāyasmato khamati channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyassa kammassa karaṇaṃ – asambhogaṃ saṅghena, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“僧团已对阐那比丘,由于不忏悔罪过,执行举罪羯磨——不得与僧团共住共事。僧团赞同,所以默然。我这样持受。”
‘‘Kataṃ saṅghena channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ – asambhogaṃ saṅghena. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmīti.
“诸比丘,你们应逐寺传告:‘阐那比丘由于不忏悔罪过,已被僧团执行举罪羯磨——不得与僧团共住共事。’”
‘‘Āvāsaparamparañca , bhikkhave, saṃsatha – ‘channo bhikkhu, saṅghena āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammakato – asambhogaṃ saṅghenā’ti.
非法羯磨十二法
Adhammakammadvādasakaṃ
57“诸比丘,具足三支的、因不忏悔罪过而执行的举罪羯磨,是非法羯磨、非律羯磨、难以平息的。它是非当面作的、未经询问而作的、未经承认而作的——诸比丘,具足这三支的、因不忏悔罪过而执行的举罪羯磨,是非法羯磨、非律羯磨、难以平息的。”
‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgataṃ, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca. Asammukhā kataṃ hoti, appaṭipucchā kataṃ hoti, appaṭiññāya kataṃ hoti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca.
“诸比丘,还有另外三支具足的、因不肯承认罪过而执行的举罪羯磨,是非法羯磨、非律羯磨、难以平息的。无犯而作、对非忏悔灭罪的罪过而作、对已忏悔的罪过而作……(中略)……未举罪而作、未告诫而作、未令承担其罪而作……(中略)……非当面作、非法作、别众作……(中略)……未经询问作、非法作、别众作……(中略)……未经承认作、非法作、别众作……(中略)……无犯作、非法作、别众作……(中略)……对非忏悔灭罪的罪过作、非法作、别众作……(中略)……对已忏悔的罪过作、非法作、别众作……(中略)……未举罪作、非法作、别众作……(中略)……未告诫作、非法作、别众作……(中略)……未令承担其罪作、非法作、别众作——诸比丘,具足这三支的、因不肯承认罪过而执行的举罪羯磨,是非法羯磨、非律羯磨、难以平息的。”
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca. Anāpattiyā kataṃ hoti, adesanāgāminiyā āpattiyā kataṃ hoti, desitāya āpattiyā kataṃ hoti…pe… acodetvā kataṃ hoti, asāretvā kataṃ hoti, āpattiṃ anāropetvā kataṃ hoti…pe… asammukhā kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… appaṭipucchā kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… appaṭiññāya kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… anāpattiyā kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… adesanāgāminiyā āpattiyā kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… desitāya āpattiyā kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… acodetvā kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… asāretvā kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… āpattiṃ anāropetvā kataṃ hoti, adhammena kataṃ hoti, vaggena kataṃ hoti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ adhammakammañca hoti, avinayakammañca, duvūpasantañca.
如法羯磨十二法
Dhammakammadvādasakaṃ
58“诸比丘,具足三支的、因不忏悔罪过而执行的举罪羯磨,是如法羯磨、如律羯磨、容易平息的。它是当面作的、经询问而作的、经承认而作的——诸比丘,具足这三支的、因不忏悔罪过而执行的举罪羯磨,是如法羯磨、如律羯磨、容易平息的。”
‘‘Tīhi , bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgataṃ, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ dhammakammañca hoti, vinayakammañca, suvūpasantañca. Sammukhā kataṃ hoti, paṭipucchā kataṃ hoti, paṭiññāya kataṃ hoti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ dhammakammañca hoti, vinayakammañca, suvūpasantañca.
“诸比丘,还有另外的情况,具足三支的、因不忏悔罪过而执行的举罪羯磨,也是如法羯磨、如律羯磨、妥善平息的。为罪过而作,为应发露忏悔的罪过而作,为未发露忏悔的罪过而作……(中略)……举发之后而作,令忆念之后而作,安立罪过之后而作……(中略)……现前而作,依法而作,和合而作……(中略)……经过询问而作,依法而作,和合而作……(中略)……凭承认而作,依法而作,和合而作……(中略)……为罪过而作,依法而作,和合而作……(中略)……为应发露忏悔的罪过而作,依法而作,和合而作……(中略)……为未发露忏悔的罪过而作,依法而作,和合而作……(中略)……举发之后而作,依法而作,和合而作……(中略)……令忆念之后而作,依法而作,和合而作……(中略)……安立罪过之后而作,依法而作,和合而作——诸比丘,具足这些支分的、因不忏悔罪过而执行的举罪羯磨,才是如法羯磨、如律羯磨、妥善平息的。”
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ dhammakammañca hoti, vinayakammañca, suvūpasantañca. Āpattiyā kataṃ hoti, desanāgāminiyā āpattiyā kataṃ hoti, adesitāya āpattiyā kataṃ hoti…pe… codetvā kataṃ hoti, sāretvā kataṃ hoti, āpattiṃ āropetvā kataṃ hoti…pe… sammukhā kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… paṭipucchā kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… paṭiññāya kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… āpattiyā kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… desanāgāminiyā āpattiyā kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… adesitāya āpattiyā kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… codetvā kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… sāretvā kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti…pe… āpattiṃ āropetvā kataṃ hoti, dhammena kataṃ hoti, samaggena kataṃ hoti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ dhammakammañca hoti, vinayakammañca, suvūpasantañca.
希望者六法
Ākaṅkhamānachakkaṃ
59“诸比丘,如果僧团愿意的话,可以对具足三支的比丘,做那个不承认罪行的举罪羯磨。他是在僧团里制造争论、争吵、争执、议论、纠纷的人;他是愚痴的、无能的、多犯戒行的、不知反省的;他过着在家人混杂的生活,有着不顺应的在家人交际。诸比丘,如果僧团愿意的话,可以对具足这些三支的比丘,做那个不承认罪行的举罪羯磨。”
‘‘Tīhi , bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya. Bhaṇḍanakārako hoti kalahakārako vivādakārako bhassakārako saṅghe adhikaraṇakārako; bālo hoti abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno; gihisaṃsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikehi gihisaṃsaggehi – imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya.
“诸比丘,还有另外的情况。如果僧团愿意的话,可以对具足三支的比丘,做那个不承认罪行的举罪羯磨。他在增上戒学上戒行有欠缺,在增上行学上行仪有欠缺,在增上见学上知见有欠缺。诸比丘,如果僧团愿意的话,可以对具足这些三支的比丘,做那个不承认罪行的举罪羯磨。”
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya . Adhisīle sīlavipanno hoti, ajjhācāre ācāravipanno hoti, atidiṭṭhiyā diṭṭhivipanno hoti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya.
“诸比丘,还有另外的情况。如果僧团愿意的话,可以对具足三支的比丘,做那个不承认罪行的举罪羯磨。他讲佛陀的坏话,讲佛法的坏话,讲僧团的坏话。诸比丘,如果僧团愿意的话,可以对具足这些三支的比丘,做那个不承认罪行的举罪羯磨。”
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya. Buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati – imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya.
“诸比丘,如果僧团愿意的话,可以对这样的三位比丘,做那个不忏罪的举罪羯磨。一个是僧团里制造争论、争吵、争执、议论、纠纷的人;一个是愚痴的、无能的、多犯戒行的、不知反省的;一个过着在家人混杂的生活,有着不顺应的在家人交际。诸比丘,如果僧团愿意的话,可以对这三位比丘,做那个不忏罪的举罪羯磨。”
‘‘Tiṇṇaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya. Eko bhaṇḍanakārako hoti kalahakārako vivādakārako bhassakārako saṅghe adhikaraṇakārako; eko bālo hoti abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno; eko gihisaṃsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikehi gihisaṃsaggehi – imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tiṇṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya.
“诸比丘,还有另外的情况。如果僧团愿意的话,可以对这样的三位比丘,做那个不承认罪行的举罪羯磨。一个在增上戒学上戒行有欠缺,一个在增上行学上行仪有欠缺,一个在增上见学上知见有欠缺。诸比丘,如果僧团愿意的话,可以对这三位比丘,做那个不承认罪行的举罪羯磨。”
‘‘Aparesampi, bhikkhave, tiṇṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya. Eko adhisīle sīlavipanno hoti, eko ajjhācāre ācāravipanno hoti, eko atidiṭṭhiyā diṭṭhivipanno hoti – imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tiṇṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya.
“诸比丘,还有另外的情况。如果僧团愿意的话,可以对这样的三位比丘,做那个不承认罪行的举罪羯磨。一个讲佛陀的坏话,一个讲佛法的坏话,一个讲僧团的坏话。诸比丘,如果僧团愿意的话,可以对这三位比丘,做那个不承认罪行的举罪羯磨。”
‘‘Aparesampi, bhikkhave, tiṇṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya. Eko buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, eko dhammassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, eko saṅghassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati – imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tiṇṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ, ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya.
60“诸比丘,被做了那个不忏罪的举罪羯磨的比丘,应当正确地行持。那里的正确行持是这样的——他不能给与人授具足戒,不能给与依止,不能让沙弥近侍,不能接受教导比丘尼的委任,即使已被委任了也不能教导比丘尼们。导致僧团做那个不忏罪的举罪羯磨的那个犯行,他不得再犯,也不得犯类似的犯行,或者比那个更严重的犯行;他不得呵责羯磨,不得呵责那些做羯磨的人。他不得接受一位清众比丘的行礼、起迎、合掌、恭敬服务、供养座位、供养卧具、洗脚水、脚凳、踏脚布、替他拿钵和袈裟,洗澡时不得接受别人替他擦背。他不得以戒行的缺失来诋毁一位清众比丘,不得以行仪的缺失来诋毁,不得以知见的缺失来诋毁,不得以谋生的缺失来诋毁,他不得分裂比丘与比丘之间的关系。他不得佩带在家人的标志,不得佩带外道的标志,不得亲近外道;应当亲近诸比丘,应当按比丘的戒律来学。不得与清众比丘住在同一有屋顶的住所里,不得住在同一无屋顶的地方,不得住在同一有屋顶的住所或无屋顶的地方;看见清众比丘来了,应当从座位上站起来;不得在内部或外部对清众比丘冒犯。不得阻止清众比丘的布萨,不得阻止他的自恣,不得对他发号施令,不得对他提出检举,不得对他要求许可,不得举他的罪,不得提醒他,不得和诸比丘混到一起。”
‘‘Āpattiyā appaṭikamme ukkhepanīyakammakatena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā sammā vattitabbaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ sammāvattanā – na upasampādetabbaṃ, na nissayo dātabbo, na sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo, na bhikkhunovādakasammuti sāditabbā, sammatenapi bhikkhuniyo na ovaditabbā. Yāya āpattiyā saṅghena, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kataṃ hoti sā āpatti na āpajjitabbā, aññā vā tādisikā, tato vā pāpiṭṭhatarā; kammaṃ na garahitabbaṃ, kammikā na garahitabbā. Na pakatattassa bhikkhuno abhivādanaṃ, paccuṭṭhānaṃ, añjalikammaṃ, sāmīcikammaṃ, āsanābhihāro, seyyābhihāro, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ, pādakathalikaṃ, pattacīvarappaṭiggahaṇaṃ, nahāne piṭṭhiparikammaṃ sāditabbaṃ. Na pakatatto bhikkhu sīlavipattiyā anuddhaṃsetabbo , na ācāravipattiyā anuddhaṃsetabbo, na diṭṭhivipattiyā anuddhaṃsetabbo, na ājīvavipattiyā anuddhaṃsetabbo, na bhikkhu bhikkhūhi bhedetabbo. Na gihiddhajo dhāretabbo, na titthiyaddhajo dhāretabbo, na titthiyā sevitabbā; bhikkhū sevitabbā, bhikkhusikkhāya sikkhitabbaṃ. Na pakatattena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ ekacchanne āvāse vatthabbaṃ, na ekacchanne anāvāse vatthabbaṃ, na ekacchanne āvāse vā anāvāse vā vatthabbaṃ, pakatattaṃ bhikkhuṃ disvā āsanā vuṭṭhātabbaṃ, na pakatatto bhikkhu āsādetabbo anto vā bahi vā. Na pakatattassa bhikkhuno uposatho ṭhapetabbo, na pavāraṇā ṭhapetabbā, na savacanīyaṃ kātabbaṃ, na anuvādo paṭṭhapetabbo, na okāso kāretabbo, na codetabbo, na sāretabbo, na bhikkhūhi sampayojetabba’’nti.
61那时,僧团对阐那比丘,因不忏悔罪过,执行了举罪羯磨——不与僧团共聚。那位被僧团因不忏悔罪过而执行举罪羯磨的比丘,离开了那个住处,去了另一个住处。到了那里,那些比丘们既不向他问讯,也不起立迎接,不向他合掌,不行应作的恭敬法,不尊敬他,不尊重他,不敬重他,不供敬他。他因为不被那些比丘们尊敬、尊重、敬重、供敬,离开了那个住处,又去了另一个住处。到了那里,那些比丘们还是既不向他问讯,也不起立迎接,不向他合掌,不行应作的恭敬法,不尊敬他,不尊重他,不敬重他,不供敬他。他因为不被那些比丘们尊敬、尊重、敬重、供敬,又离开了那个住处,去了另一个住处。他如法而行,使自己顺从,行出罪之道,来到诸比丘处这样说:“诸友,我被僧团因不忏悔罪过而执行举罪羯磨;我现在如法而行,使自己顺从,行出罪之道。我应当怎样行持呢?”诸比丘将此事禀告世尊……(中略)……“那么,诸比丘,僧团应当解除对阐那比丘因不忏悔罪过而作的举罪羯磨。”
Atha kho saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ akāsi – asambhogaṃ saṅghena. So saṅghena, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammakato tamhā āvāsā aññaṃ āvāsaṃ agamāsi. Tattha bhikkhū neva abhivādesuṃ, na paccuṭṭhesuṃ, na añjalikammaṃ na sāmīcikammaṃ akaṃsu, na sakkariṃsu, na garuṃ kariṃsu, na mānesuṃ, na pūjesuṃ. So bhikkhūhi asakkariyamāno agarukariyamāno amāniyamāno apūjiyamāno asakkārapakato tamhāpi āvāsā aññaṃ āvāsaṃ agamāsi. Tatthapi bhikkhū neva abhivādesuṃ, na paccuṭṭhesuṃ, na añjalikammaṃ na sāmīcikammaṃ akaṃsu, na sakkariṃsu, na garuṃ kariṃsu, na mānesuṃ, na pūjesuṃ. So bhikkhūhi asakkariyamāno agarukariyamāno amāniyamāno apūjiyamāno asakkārapakato tamhāpi āvāsā aññaṃ āvāsaṃ agamāsi. Tatthapi bhikkhū neva abhivādesuṃ, na paccuṭṭhesuṃ, na añjalikammaṃ na sāmīcikammaṃ akaṃsu, na sakkariṃsu, na garuṃ kariṃsu, na mānesuṃ, na pūjesuṃ. So bhikkhūhi asakkariyamāno agarukariyamāno amāniyamāno apūjiyamāno asakkārapakato punadeva kosambiṃ paccāgañchi. So sammā vattati, lomaṃ pāteti, netthāraṃ vattati, bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘ahaṃ, āvuso, saṅghena, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammakato sammā vattāmi, lomaṃ pātemi, netthāraṃ vattāmi. Kathaṃ nu kho mayā paṭipajjitabba’’nti? Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe…. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetu.
不应撤销四十三法
Nappaṭippassambhetabbatecattālīsakaṃ
62诸比丘,如果一位比丘具有五支,对于他就‘不承认罪过’这件事所作的举罪羯磨就不应该解除。他给人授具足戒,给人做依止,让沙弥做侍者,接受教诫比丘尼的选派,即使已经被选派为教诫比丘尼的人,也去教诫比丘尼——诸比丘,一位比丘如果确实具有这五支,对于他就‘不承认罪过’这件事所作的举罪羯磨就不应该解除。
‘‘Pañcahi , bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Upasampādeti, nissayaṃ deti, sāmaṇeraṃ upaṭṭhāpeti, bhikkhunovādakasammutiṃ sādiyati, sammatopi bhikkhuniyo ovadati – imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
诸比丘,还有,如果一位比丘具有另外的五支,对于他就‘不承认罪过’这件事所作的举罪羯磨就不应该解除。他又犯下僧团对他执行‘不承认罪过’举罪羯磨时所针对的那个罪过,或者犯了另一个类似的罪过,或者犯了比那更严重的罪过;他批评那个羯磨,批评执行羯磨的人……(中略)……他接受正常状态比丘的问候、起立迎接、合掌礼、应行的恭敬法、让座……(中略)……他接受正常状态比丘的铺床,洗脚水、脚凳、擦脚布、接受钵和衣的服务,以及在洗澡时接受搓背的服务……(中略)……他以戒的缺失、行的缺失、见的缺失、活的缺失来诽谤一位正常状态的比丘;他离间比丘和诸比丘的关系……(中略)……他使用在家人的标志,使用外道的标志,亲近外道,不亲近诸比丘,不学比丘的学处……(中略)……他和正常状态的比丘共住在一个有屋顶的住处里,共住在一个没有屋顶的非住处里,共住在一个有屋顶的住处或没有屋顶的非住处里;他见到正常状态的比丘不从座位上起来;他在僧团内部或外部冒犯正常状态的比丘——诸比丘,一位比丘如果确实具有这五支,对于他就‘不承认罪过’这件事所作的举罪羯磨就不应该解除。
‘‘Aparehipi , bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Yāya āpattiyā saṅghena, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kataṃ hoti taṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati, aññaṃ vā tādisikaṃ, tato vā pāpiṭṭhataraṃ; kammaṃ garahati, kammike garahati…pe… pakatattassa bhikkhuno abhivādanaṃ, paccuṭṭhānaṃ, añjalikammaṃ, sāmīcikammaṃ, āsanābhihāraṃ sādiyati…pe… pakatattassa bhikkhuno seyyābhihāraṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ, pādakathalikaṃ, pattacīvarappaṭiggahaṇaṃ, nahāne piṭṭhiparikammaṃ sādiyati…pe… pakatattaṃ bhikkhuṃ sīlavipattiyā anuddhaṃseti, ācāravipattiyā anuddhaṃseti, diṭṭhivipattiyā anuddhaṃseti, ājīvavipattiyā anuddhaṃseti, bhikkhuṃ bhikkhūhi bhedeti…pe… gihiddhajaṃ dhāreti, titthiyaddhajaṃ dhāreti, titthiye sevati, bhikkhū na sevati, bhikkhusikkhāya na sikkhati…pe… pakatattena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ ekacchanne āvāse vasati, ekacchanne anāvāse vasati, ekacchanne āvāse vā anāvāse vā vasati, pakatattaṃ bhikkhuṃ disvā āsanā na vuṭṭhāti, pakatattaṃ bhikkhuṃ āsādeti anto vā bahi vā – imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme , ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
诸比丘,如果一位比丘具足八支,对于他因不忏悔罪过而作的举罪羯磨就不应解除。他阻挠正常比丘的布萨,阻挠自恣,对他发号施令,对他提出检举,对他要求许可,举发,令忆念,使诸比丘卷入争事——诸比丘,具足这八支的比丘,其因不忏悔罪过而作的举罪羯磨不应解除。
‘‘Aṭṭhahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Pakatattassa bhikkhuno uposathaṃ ṭhapeti, pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapeti, savacanīyaṃ karoti, anuvādaṃ paṭṭhapeti, okāsaṃ kāreti, codeti, sāreti, bhikkhūhi sampayojeti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
应撤销四十三法
Paṭippassambhetabbatecattālīsakaṃ
63诸比丘,如果一位比丘具有五支,对于他就‘不承认罪过’这件事所作的举罪羯磨就应该解除。他不给人授具足戒,不给人做依止,不让沙弥做侍者,不接受教诫比丘尼的选派,即使已经被选派为教诫比丘尼的人,也不去教诫比丘尼——诸比丘,一位比丘如果确实具有这五支,对于他就‘不承认罪过’这件事所作的举罪羯磨就应该解除。
‘‘Pañcahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Na upasampādeti, na nissayaṃ deti, na sāmaṇeraṃ upaṭṭhāpeti, na bhikkhunovādakasammutiṃ sādiyati, sammatopi bhikkhuniyo na ovadati – imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
诸比丘,还有,如果一位比丘具有另外的五支,对于他就‘不承认罪过’这件事所作的举罪羯磨就应该解除。他不再犯僧团对他执行‘不承认罪过’举罪羯磨时所针对的那个罪过,也不犯另一个类似的罪过,更不犯比那更严重的罪过;他不批评那个羯磨,不批评那些执行羯磨的人……(中略)……他不接受正常状态比丘的问候、起立迎接、合掌礼、应行的恭敬法、让座……(中略)……他不接受正常状态比丘的铺床,洗脚水、脚凳、擦脚布、接受钵和衣的服务,以及在洗澡时接受搓背的服务……(中略)……他不以戒的缺失、行的缺失、见的缺失、活的缺失来诽谤一位正常状态的比丘;他不离间比丘和诸比丘的关系……(中略)……他不使用在家人的标志,不使用外道的标志,不亲近外道,亲近诸比丘,学习比丘的学处……(中略)……他不和正常状态的比丘共住在一个有屋顶的住处里,不共住在一个没有屋顶的非住处里,不共住在一个有屋顶的住处或没有屋顶的非住处里;他见到正常状态的比丘时从座位上起来;他不在僧团内部或外部冒犯正常状态的比丘——诸比丘,一位比丘如果确实具有这五支,对于他就‘不承认罪过’这件事所作的举罪羯磨就应该解除。
‘‘Aparehipi, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Yāya āpattiyā saṅghena, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kataṃ hoti taṃ āpattiṃ na āpajjati, aññaṃ vā tādisikaṃ, tato vā pāpiṭṭhataraṃ ; kammaṃ na garahati, kammike na garahati…pe… na pakatattassa bhikkhuno abhivādanaṃ, paccuṭṭhānaṃ, añjalikammaṃ, sāmīcikammaṃ, āsanābhihāraṃ sādiyati…pe… na pakatattassa bhikkhuno seyyābhihāraṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ, pādakathalikaṃ, pattacīvarappaṭiggahaṇaṃ, nahāne piṭṭhiparikammaṃ sādiyati…pe… na pakatattaṃ bhikkhuṃ sīlavipattiyā anuddhaṃseti, na ācāravipattiyā anuddhaṃseti, na diṭṭhivipattiyā anuddhaṃseti, na ājīvavipattiyā anuddhaṃseti, na bhikkhuṃ bhikkhūhi bhedeti…pe… na gihiddhajaṃ dhāreti, na titthiyaddhajaṃ dhāreti, na titthiye sevati, bhikkhū sevati, bhikkhusikkhāya sikkhati…pe… na pakatattena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ ekacchanne āvāse vasati, na ekacchanne anāvāse vasati, na ekacchanne āvāse vā anāvāse vā vasati, pakatattaṃ bhikkhuṃ disvā āsanā vuṭṭhāti, na pakatattaṃ bhikkhuṃ āsādeti anto vā bahi vā – imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
诸比丘,比丘若具足八支,则应解除他因不忏悔罪过而作的举罪羯磨。他不阻挠正常比丘的布萨,不阻挠自恣,不对他发号施令,不对他提出检举,不对他要求许可,不举发,不令忆念,不使诸比丘卷入争事——诸比丘,比丘若具足这八支,则应解除他因不忏悔罪过而作的举罪羯磨。
‘‘Aṭṭhahi , bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Na pakatattassa bhikkhuno uposathaṃ ṭhapeti, na pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapeti, na savacanīyaṃ karoti, na anuvādaṃ paṭṭhapeti, na okāsaṃ kāreti, na codeti, na sāreti, na bhikkhūhi sampayojeti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetabbaṃ.
64而,诸比丘,应该这样进行解除:诸比丘,那位阐那比丘应当去僧团那里,把上衣搭在一个肩膀上,礼敬那些长老诸比丘的脚,然后蹲坐下来,合掌,应当这样说:“尊者,我——被僧团以不承认罪过为由执行了举罪羯磨的人——正确地行持,使自己的过恶平复,行于出罪之道。我请求解除这因不承认罪过而作出的举罪羯磨。”应当第二次请求。应当第三次请求。应当由一位有能力、能胜任的比丘来宣告僧团:——
‘‘Evañca pana, bhikkhave, paṭippassambhetabbaṃ. Tena bhikkhave, channena bhikkhunā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘ahaṃ, bhante, saṅghena, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammakato sammā vattāmi, lomaṃ pātemi, netthāraṃ vattāmi, āpattiyā appaṭikamme ukkhepanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṃ yācāmī’ti. Dutiyampi yācitabbā. Tatiyampi yācitabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
“尊者僧团,请听我说。这位阐那比丘,曾被僧团因不忏悔罪过而作举罪羯磨;他现在如法而行,使自己顺从,行出罪之道,并请求解除因不忏悔罪过而作的举罪羯磨。如果僧团时机适当,僧团应当解除对阐那比丘因不忏悔罪过而作的举罪羯磨。这是表白。”
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ channo bhikkhu saṅghena, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammakato sammā vattati, lomaṃ pāteti, netthāraṃ vattati, āpattiyā appaṭikamme ukkhepanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṃ yācati. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno , āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambheyya. Esā ñatti.
“尊者僧团,请听我说。这位阐那比丘,僧团曾因他不忏悔罪过而对他作了举罪羯磨;如今他如法而行,使自己顺从,行出罪之道,并请求解除因不忏悔罪过而作的那一举罪羯磨。僧团现在解除对阐那比丘的举罪羯磨,即因他不忏悔罪过而作的那一羯磨。哪位尊者认可解除对阐那比丘的举罪羯磨,即因他不忏悔罪过而作的那一羯磨,请保持沉默;不认可者,请说。”
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ channo bhikkhu saṅghena, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammakato sammā vattati, lomaṃ pāteti, netthāraṃ vattati, āpattiyā appaṭikamme ukkhepanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṃ yācati. Saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambheti. Yassāyasmato khamati channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhi, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“我第二次说此事……(中略)……我第三次说此事——尊者僧团,请听我说。这位阐那比丘,曾被僧团因不忏悔罪过而作举罪羯磨;他现在如法而行,使自己顺从,行出罪之道,并请求解除因不忏悔罪过而作的举罪羯磨。僧团现在解除对阐那比丘因不忏悔罪过而作的举罪羯磨。哪位尊者认可解除对阐那比丘因不忏悔罪过而作的举罪羯磨,请保持沉默;不认可者,请说。”
‘‘Dutiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi…pe… tatiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi – suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ channo bhikkhu saṅghena, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammakato sammā vattati, lomaṃ pāteti, netthāraṃ vattati, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṃ yācati. Saṅgho channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambheti. Yassāyasmato khamati channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhi, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“僧团已解除对阐那比丘因不忏悔罪过而执行的举罪羯磨。僧团赞同,所以默然。我这样持受。”
‘‘Paṭippassaddhaṃ saṅghena channassa bhikkhuno, āpattiyā appaṭikamme, ukkhepanīyakammaṃ. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.