2. 布萨篇集显示巴利原文
2. Uposathakkhandhako
68. 允许集会显示巴利原文
68. Sannipātānujānanā
132 那时,佛陀世尊住在王舍城的鹫峰山。而那时候,外道游行者在半月的第十四日、第十五日和第八日集会说法。人们前往他们那里听闻法义。人们对那些外道游行人生起了喜爱,生起了信心,那些外道游行者也就获得了群众的支持。那时,摩揭陀国王频婆娑罗在独处静坐时,心中生起了这样的念头:“现在,外道游行者在半月的第十四日、第十五日和第八日集会说法。人们前往他们那里听闻法义。人们对那些外道游行人生起了喜爱,生起了信心,那些外道游行者也就获得了群众的支持。如果诸位圣者也能在半月的第十四日、第十五日和第八日集会,那该多好啊!”于是,摩揭陀国王频婆娑罗便前往世尊所在的地方。到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的摩揭陀国王频婆娑罗对世尊这样说:“尊者,我独自静坐时,心中生起了这样的念头:‘现在,外道游行者在半月的第十四日、第十五日和第八日集会说法。人们前往他们那里听闻法义。人们对那些外道游行人生起了喜爱,生起了信心,那些外道游行者也就获得了群众的支持。如果诸位圣者也能在半月的第十四日、第十五日和第八日集会,那该多好啊!’萨度!尊者,愿诸位圣者也能在半月的第十四日、第十五日和第八日集会。”于是,世尊通过佛法开示,教导、鼓励、激励并令摩揭陀国王频婆娑罗欢喜。那时,摩揭陀国王频婆娑罗在世尊的佛法开示下,受到教导、鼓励、激励并心生欢喜后,从座位起身,礼敬世尊,右绕之后离开了。于是,世尊以此因缘、以此事由作了佛法开示后,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我允许你们在半月的第十四日、第十五日和第八日集会。”显示巴利原文
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Tena kho pana samayena aññatitthiyā paribbājakā cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatitvā dhammaṃ bhāsanti. Te manussā upasaṅkamanti dhammassavanāya. Te labhanti aññatitthiyesu paribbājakesu pemaṃ, labhanti pasādaṃ, labhanti aññatitthiyā paribbājakā pakkhaṃ. Atha kho rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘etarahi kho aññatitthiyā paribbājakā cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatitvā dhammaṃ bhāsanti. Te manussā upasaṅkamanti dhammassavanāya. Te labhanti aññatitthiyesu paribbājakesu pemaṃ, labhanti pasādaṃ, labhanti aññatitthiyā paribbājakā pakkhaṃ. Yaṃnūna ayyāpi cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipateyyu’’nti. Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha mayhaṃ, bhante, rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi ‘etarahi kho aññatitthiyā paribbājakā cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatitvā dhammaṃ bhāsanti. Te manussā upasaṅkamanti dhammassavanāya. Te labhanti aññatitthiyesu paribbājakesu pemaṃ, labhanti pasādaṃ, labhanti aññatitthiyā paribbājakā pakkhaṃ. Yaṃnūna ayyāpi cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipateyyu’nti. Sādhu, bhante, ayyāpi cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipateyyu’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ seniyaṃ bimbisāraṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassito samādapito samuttejito sampahaṃsito uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatitu’’nti.
而那时候,诸比丘——心想“世尊允许在半月的第十四日、第十五日和第八日集会”了——就在半月的第十四日、第十五日和第八日集会之后,静静地坐着。人们前往他们那里听闻法义。人们抱怨、批评、非议说:“怎么这些释迦子沙门,在半月的第十四日、第十五日和第八日集会之后,却像哑巴猪一样静静地坐着呢?集会的人不是理应说法吗?”诸比丘听到了那些人们的抱怨、批评和非议。于是,那些比丘们就将这件事情报告给了世尊……于是,世尊以此因缘、以此事由作了佛法开示后,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我允许你们在半月的第十四日、第十五日和第八日集会之后说法。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū – bhagavatā anuññātā cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatitunti – cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatitvā tuṇhī nisīdanti. Te manussā upasaṅkamanti dhammassavanāya. Te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatitvā tuṇhī nisīdissanti, seyyathāpi mūgasūkarā. Nanu nāma sannipatitehi dhammo bhāsitabbo’’ti. Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatitvā dhammaṃ bhāsitu’’nti.
69. 允许诵巴帝摩卡显示巴利原文
69. Pātimokkhuddesānujānanā
133 那时,世尊在独处静坐时,心中生起了这样的念头:“我为什么不把我为诸比丘制定的那些学处,允许他们作为巴帝摩卡来诵呢?那将成为他们的布萨业。” 于是,世尊在傍晚时分从静坐中起来,以此因缘、以此事由作了佛法开示后,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我独自静坐时,心中生起了这样的念头:‘我为什么不把我为诸比丘制定的那些学处,允许他们作为巴帝摩卡来诵呢?那将成为他们的布萨业。’ 诸比丘,我允许诵巴帝摩卡。诸比丘,应当这样来诵:应由一位贤能、胜任的比丘向僧团宣告:显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ yāni mayā bhikkhūnaṃ paññattāni sikkhāpadāni, tāni nesaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ anujāneyyaṃ. So nesaṃ bhavissati uposathakamma’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – idha mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi ‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ yāni mayā bhikkhūnaṃ paññattāni sikkhāpadāni, tāni nesaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ anujāneyyaṃ. So nesaṃ bhavissati uposathakamma’nti. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, uddisitabbaṃ. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
134 “尊者众,请僧团听我说。如果僧团时机成熟,僧团应行布萨,应诵巴帝摩卡。什么是僧团的预备工作?诸位尊者,请宣告清净。我将诵巴帝摩卡。我们所有人,和在场的大家一起,应当善巧地听,并用心留意。谁有犯戒,他应当发露。对于没有犯戒的人,应当保持沉默。尊者众,正是通过沉默,我将会知道诸位是清净的。正如对单独提问的人会有回答一样,在这样的集会中,也是如此,乃至宣布三次。然而,如果有比丘在被宣布三次时,记得有犯戒却不发露,那就构成知而妄语。可是,诸位尊者,知而妄语被世尊说为是障碍法。因此,忆念的比丘、已犯戒且有志于清净者,若有犯戒,应当发露;发露之后,对他才会有安乐。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho uposathaṃ kareyya, pātimokkhaṃ uddiseyya. Kiṃ saṅghassa pubbakiccaṃ? Pārisuddhiṃ āyasmanto ārocetha . Pātimokkhaṃ uddisissāmi. Taṃ sabbeva santā sādhukaṃ suṇoma manasi karoma. Yassa siyā āpatti , so āvikareyya. Asantiyā āpattiyā tuṇhī bhavitabbaṃ. Tuṇhībhāvena kho panāyasmante parisuddhāti vedissāmi. Yathā kho pana paccekapuṭṭhassa veyyākaraṇaṃ hoti, evamevaṃ evarūpāya parisāya yāvatatiyaṃ anussāvitaṃ hoti. Yo pana bhikkhu yāvatatiyaṃ anussāviyamāne saramāno santiṃ āpattiṃ nāvikareyya, sampajānamusāvādassa hoti. Sampajānamusāvādo kho panāyasmanto antarāyiko dhammo vutto bhagavatā. Tasmā, saramānena bhikkhunā āpannena visuddhāpekkhena santī āpatti āvikātabbā; āvikatā hissa phāsu hotī’’ti.
135 这是开始,是面貌,是诸善法的前导,因此被称为‘巴帝摩卡’。这是亲爱之语,是尊敬之语,是体现了尊重与依止的称呼,即‘诸位尊者’。我将宣说、阐明、建立、开启、分析、解析、说清楚。此被称为“巴帝摩卡”。从该集会中的长老、新学和中坚比丘,所有这些被合称为“和在场的大家一起”。即用心作意、全心关注。即心专一、心不散乱、心不外逸地聆听。即长老、或新学、或中坚比丘,于五犯聚之任一犯,或于七犯聚之任一犯。他应当在僧团中,或在众人中,或向单一人说清、说明、坦白。即原本无犯,或犯后已出罪。即应默然同意,不应发声。我将知、将持。如同当一个人被另一个人单独询问时他会回答,同样地,在那个集会上,人们应当知道“他在问我”。在此,指的是比丘集会。被宣布一次、被宣布第二次、被宣布第三次。正在知道、正在觉知。即已犯,或犯后未出罪。即不在僧团中、不在众人中、不向单一人说清、说明、坦白。在知而妄语的情况下会如何?是恶作。是什么的障碍?是证得初禅的障碍,是证得二禅的障碍,是证得三禅的障碍,是证得四禅的障碍,是证得诸禅那、诸解脱、诸定、诸等至、诸出离、诸离系、诸远离、诸善法的障碍。以此因由。即正在知道、正在觉知。即希望出罪、希望清净。即已犯,或犯后未出罪。应当在僧团中,或在众人中,或向单一人发露。对什么会有安乐?对证得初禅有安乐,对证得二禅有安乐,对证得三禅有安乐,对证得四禅有安乐,对证得诸禅那、诸解脱、诸定、诸等至、诸出离、诸离系、诸远离、诸善法有安乐。显示巴利原文
nti ādimetaṃ mukhametaṃ pamukhametaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ. Tena vuccati pātimokkhanti. ti piyavacanametaṃ garuvacanametaṃ sagāravasappatissādhivacanametaṃ āyasmantoti. ti ācikkhissāmi desessāmi paññapessāmi paṭṭhapessāmi vivarissāmi vibhajissāmi uttāniṃ karissāmi pakāsessāmi. nti pātimokkhaṃ vuccati. ti yāvatikā tassā parisāya therā ca navā ca majjhimā ca, ete vuccanti sabbeva santāti. ti aṭṭhiṃ katvā manasi katvā sabbacetasā samannāharāma. ti ekaggacittā avikkhittacittā avisāhaṭacittā nisāmema. ti therassa vā navassa vā majjhimassa vā, pañcannaṃ vā āpattikkhandhānaṃ aññatarā āpatti, sattannaṃ vā āpattikkhandhānaṃ aññatarā āpatti. ti so deseyya, so vivareyya, so uttāniṃ kareyya, so pakāseyya saṅghamajjhe vā gaṇamajjhe vā ekapuggale vā. nāma anajjhāpannā vā hoti, āpajjitvā vā vuṭṭhitā. nti adhivāsetabbaṃ na byāharitabbaṃ. ti jānissāmi dhāressāmi. ti yathā ekena eko puṭṭho byākareyya, evameva tassā parisāya jānitabbaṃ maṃ pucchatīti. nāma bhikkhuparisā vuccati. ti sakimpi anussāvitaṃ hoti, dutiyampi anussāvitaṃ hoti, tatiyampi anussāvitaṃ hoti. ti jānamāno sañjānamāno. nāma ajjhāpannā vā hoti, āpajjitvā vā avuṭṭhitā. ti na deseyya, na vivareyya, na uttāniṃ kareyya, na pakāseyya saṅghamajjhe vā gaṇamajjhe vā ekapuggale vā. ti. Sampajānamusāvāde kiṃ hoti? Dukkaṭaṃ hoti. ti. Kissa antarāyiko? Paṭhamassa jhānassa adhigamāya antarāyiko, dutiyassa jhānassa adhigamāya antarāyiko, tatiyassa jhānassa adhigamāya antarāyiko, catutthassa jhānassa adhigamāya antarāyiko, jhānānaṃ vimokkhānaṃ samādhīnaṃ samāpattīnaṃ nekkhammānaṃ nissaraṇānaṃ pavivekānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ adhigamāya antarāyiko. ti taṅkāraṇā. ti jānamānena sañjānamānena. ti vuṭṭhātukāmena visujjhitukāmena. nāma ajjhāpannā vā hoti, āpajjitvā vā avuṭṭhitā. ti āvikātabbā saṅghamajjhe vā gaṇamajjhe vā ekapuggale vā. ti. Kissa phāsu hoti? Paṭhamassa jhānassa adhigamāya phāsu hoti, dutiyassa jhānassa adhigamāya phāsu hoti, tatiyassa jhānassa adhigamāya phāsu hoti, catutthassa jhānassa adhigamāya phāsu hoti, jhānānaṃ vimokkhānaṃ samādhīnaṃ samāpattīnaṃ nekkhammānaṃ nissaraṇānaṃ pavivekānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ adhigamāya phāsu hotīti.
136 而那时候,诸比丘——心想“世尊允许诵巴帝摩卡”了——就每天诵巴帝摩卡。他们将这件事情报告给了世尊。“诸比丘,不应每天诵巴帝摩卡。若谁诵者,犯恶作。诸比丘,我允许在布萨日诵巴帝摩卡。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū – bhagavatā pātimokkhuddeso anuññātoti – devasikaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, devasikaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, uposathe pātimokkhaṃ uddisitunti.
而那时候,诸比丘——心想“世尊允许在布萨日诵巴帝摩卡”了——就在半月内诵三次巴帝摩卡:半月的第十四日、第十五日和第八日。他们将这件事情报告给了世尊。“诸比丘,不应在半月内诵三次巴帝摩卡。若谁诵者,犯恶作。诸比丘,我允许在半月内诵一次巴帝摩卡:在第十四日或第十五日。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū – bhagavatā uposathe pātimokkhuddeso anuññātoti – pakkhassa tikkhattuṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti, cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, pakkhassa tikkhattuṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sakiṃ pakkhassa cātuddase vā pannarase vā pātimokkhaṃ uddisitunti.
而那时候,六群诸比丘各自随其所属的团体,按各自团体的集会诵巴帝摩卡。他们将这件事情报告给了世尊。“诸比丘,不应各自随其所属的团体,按各自团体的集会诵巴帝摩卡。若谁诵者,犯恶作。诸比丘,我允许的是和合众的布萨业。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū yathāparisāya pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti sakāya sakāya parisāya. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, yathāparisāya pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ sakāya sakāya parisāya. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, samaggānaṃ uposathakammanti.
那时,诸比丘心里生起这样的想法:“世尊已经制定了‘和合者的布萨业’。那‘和合’的范围是多大呢,是仅限于一处住所,还是整个大地呢?”他们把这回事告诉了世尊。“诸比丘,允许和合的范围就是一处住所的范围。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavatā paññattaṃ ‘samaggānaṃ uposathakamma’nti. Kittāvatā nu kho sāmaggī hoti, yāvatā ekāvāso, udāhu sabbā pathavī’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, ettāvatā sāmaggī yāvatā ekāvāsoti.
70. 摩诃劫宾那事显示巴利原文
70. Mahākappinavatthu
137 就在那时,摩诃劫宾那尊者住在王舍城的马达库其鹿野苑。那时,摩诃劫宾那尊者独自静处时,心里生起了这样的思虑:“我是该去参加布萨呢,还是不去?是该去参加僧团作业呢,还是不去?反正我已经是最高程度的清净,彻底清净了。”那时,世尊用自己的心感知了摩诃劫宾那尊者心里的思虑后,就像一个强壮的男子把弯曲的手臂伸直,或把伸直的手臂弯曲那样快,就这么从灵鹫山中隐没,出现在了马达库其鹿野苑摩诃劫宾那尊者的面前。世尊在铺设好的座位上坐下。摩诃劫宾那尊者也向世尊行礼后,坐在一边。世尊对坐在一边的摩诃劫宾那尊者这样说:“劫宾那,你独自静处时,心里不是生起了这样的思虑吗:‘我是该去参加布萨呢,还是不去?是该去参加僧团作业呢,还是不去?反正我已经是最高程度的清净,彻底清净了。’”“是的,尊者。”“你们这些修行人,如果你们不恭敬布萨、不重视布萨、不尊重布萨、不敬奉布萨,那还有谁会恭敬、重视、尊重、敬奉布萨呢?去吧,修行人,去参加布萨,不要不去了。去吧,去参加僧团作业,不要不去了。”“好的,尊者。”摩诃劫宾那尊者回答世尊。那时,世尊以法义开示教导、劝勉、激励、令摩诃劫宾那尊者欢喜后,就像一个强壮的男子把弯曲的手臂伸直,或把伸直的手臂弯曲那样快,就这么从马达库其鹿野苑摩诃劫宾那尊者的面前隐没,出现在了灵鹫山中。显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā mahākappino rājagahe viharati maddakucchimhi migadāye. Atha kho āyasmato mahākappinassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘gaccheyyaṃ vāhaṃ uposathaṃ na vā gaccheyyaṃ, gaccheyyaṃ vāhaṃ saṅghakammaṃ na vā gaccheyyaṃ, atha khvāhaṃ visuddho paramāya visuddhiyā’’ti? Atha kho bhagavā āyasmato mahākappinassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva – gijjhakūṭe pabbate antarahito maddakucchimhi migadāye āyasmato mahākappinassa sammukhe pāturahosi. Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane. Āyasmāpi kho mahākappino bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākappinaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘nanu te, kappina, rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – gaccheyyaṃ vāhaṃ uposathaṃ na vā gaccheyyaṃ, gaccheyyaṃ vāhaṃ saṅghakammaṃ na vā gaccheyyaṃ, atha khvāhaṃ visuddho paramāya visuddhiyā’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Tumhe ce brāhmaṇā uposathaṃ na sakkarissatha na garukarissatha na mānessatha na pūjessatha, atha ko carahi uposathaṃ sakkarissati garukarissati mānessati pūjessati? Gaccha tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, uposathaṃ, mā no agamāsi. Gaccha tvaṃ saṅghakammaṃ, mā no agamāsī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā mahākappino bhagavato paccassosi. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ mahākappinaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva – maddakucchimhi migadāye āyasmato mahākappinassa sammukhe antarahito gijjhakūṭe pabbate pāturahosi.
71. 允许界显示巴利原文
71. Sīmānujānanā
138 那时,诸比丘心里生起这样的想法:“世尊已经制定了‘和合的范围就是一处住所的范围’,但一处住所的范围是多大呢?”他们把这回事告诉了世尊。“诸比丘,允许你们确立‘界’。而且,诸比丘,应该这样来确立:首先,要说明各种地标——山的地标、岩石的地标、树林的地标、树木的地标、道路的地标、蚁冢的地标、河流的地标、水体的地标。说明了地标之后,应由一位贤能、有能力的比丘来通知僧团:显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavatā paññattaṃ ‘ettāvatā sāmaggī yāvatā ekāvāso’ti, kittāvatā nu kho ekāvāso hotī’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sīmaṃ sammannituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbā – paṭhamaṃ nimittā kittetabbā – pabbatanimittaṃ, pāsāṇanimittaṃ, vananimittaṃ, rukkhanimittaṃ, magganimittaṃ, vammikanimittaṃ, nadīnimittaṃ, udakanimittaṃ. Nimitte kittetvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
139 “‘尊者们,请僧团听我说。周边所有的地标都已经说明了。如果僧团认为时机合适,僧团可以依据这些地标确立共住、同一布萨的界。这就是动议。’显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho . Yāvatā samantā nimittā kittitā. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho etehi nimittehi sīmaṃ sammanneyya samānasaṃvāsaṃ ekuposathaṃ . Esā ñatti.
“‘尊者们,请僧团听我说。周边所有的地标都已经说明了。僧团依据这些地标确立共住、同一布萨的界。哪位尊者同意依据这些地标确立共住、同一布萨的界,请保持沉默;哪位不同意,请说出来。僧团已经依据这些地标确立了共住、同一布萨的界。僧团同意,因此沉默,我这样记录这件事。’显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yāvatā samantā nimittā kittitā. Saṅgho etehi nimittehi sīmaṃ sammannati samānasaṃvāsaṃ ekuposathaṃ. Yassāyasmato khamati etehi nimittehi sīmāya sammuti samānasaṃvāsāya ekuposathāya, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya. Sammatā sīmā saṅghena etehi nimittehi samānasaṃvāsā ekuposathā. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
140 就在那时,六群比丘心想:“世尊允许了确立界。”于是就确立特大号的界,有四由旬的、五由旬的,甚至六由旬的。来参加布萨的比丘,有的在巴帝摩卡正被诵出时才赶到,有的刚刚诵完才赶到,有的甚至在半路上就住下了。他们把这回事告诉了世尊。“诸比丘,不能确立特大号的界,什么四由旬的、五由旬的、六由旬的。谁如果确立了,犯恶作。诸比丘,允许你们确立最大不超过三由旬的界。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū – bhagavatā sīmāsammuti anuññātāti – atimahatiyo sīmāyo sammannanti, catuyojanikāpi pañcayojanikāpi chayojanikāpi. Bhikkhū uposathaṃ āgacchantā uddissamānepi pātimokkhe āgacchanti, uddiṭṭhamattepi āgacchanti, antarāpi parivasanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, atimahatī sīmā sammannitabbā, catuyojanikā vā pañcayojanikā vā chayojanikā vā. Yo sammanneyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tiyojanaparamaṃ sīmaṃ sammannitunti.
就在那时,六群比丘确立了河流对岸的界。赶来参加布萨的比丘,连人也被冲走,钵也被冲走,袈裟也被冲走。他们把这回事告诉了世尊。“诸比丘,不能确立河流对岸的界。谁如果确立了,犯恶作。诸比丘,允许你们确立这样的河流对岸界,就是在那个地方有固定的渡船,或有固定的桥梁。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū nadīpārasīmaṃ sammannanti. Uposathaṃ āgacchantā bhikkhūpi vuyhanti, pattāpi vuyhanti , cīvarānipi vuyhanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, nadīpārasīmā sammannitabbā. Yo sammanneyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, yatthassa dhuvanāvā vā dhuvasetu vā, evarūpaṃ nadīpārasīmaṃ sammannitunti.
72. 布萨堂论显示巴利原文
72. Uposathāgārakathā
141 就在那时,诸比丘没有预先指定地方,就在各个精舍区域里随意诵巴帝摩卡。外来的诸比丘根本不知道:“今天的布萨将在哪里举行呢?”他们把这回事告诉了世尊。“诸比丘,不能在没有预先指定地方的情况下,在各个精舍区域里随意诵巴帝摩卡。谁如果这样诵了,犯恶作。诸比丘,允许你们先选定一处布萨堂,然后在里面举行布萨。僧团想要的任何地方都可以,无论是寺院、半檐屋、高楼、平台屋还是石窟。而且,诸比丘,应该这样来选定。应由一位贤能、有能力的比丘来通知僧团:显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū anupariveṇiyaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti asaṅketena. Āgantukā bhikkhū na jānanti – ‘‘kattha vā ajjuposatho karīyissatī’’ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, anupariveṇiyaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ asaṅketena. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, uposathāgāraṃ sammannitvā uposathaṃ kātuṃ, yaṃ saṅgho ākaṅkhati vihāraṃ vā aḍḍhayogaṃ vā pāsādaṃ vā hammiyaṃ vā guhaṃ vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbaṃ. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
“尊者们,请僧团听我说。如果僧团认为合适,僧团应指定某某精舍为布萨堂。这是动议。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho itthannāmaṃ vihāraṃ uposathāgāraṃ sammanneyya. Esā ñatti.
“尊者们,请僧团听我说。僧团指定某某精舍为布萨堂。哪位尊者同意指定某某精舍为布萨堂,请保持沉默;哪位不同意,请说出来。某某精舍已被僧团指定为布萨堂。僧团同意,因此沉默。我这样记持此事。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Saṅgho itthannāmaṃ vihāraṃ uposathāgāraṃ sammannati. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa vihārassa uposathāgārassa sammuti, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya. Sammato saṅghena itthannāmo vihāro uposathāgāraṃ. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
就在那个时候,有一个住处指定了两个布萨堂。诸诸比丘在两处都集合,心想:“在这里作布萨,在那里作布萨。” 诸比丘将这件事告知世尊。 “诸比丘,一个住处不应指定两个布萨堂。若有人指定,犯恶作。诸比丘,我允许废除一个,在一处作布萨。诸比丘,而且应当这样废除。应由一位能干、称职的比丘通知僧团:”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṃ āvāse dve uposathāgārāni sammatāni honti. Bhikkhū ubhayattha sannipatanti – ‘‘idha uposatho karīyissati, idha uposatho karīyissatī’’ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ . Na, bhikkhave, ekasmiṃ āvāse dve uposathāgārāni sammannitabbāni. Yo sammanneyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, ekaṃ samūhanitvā ekattha uposathaṃ kātuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, samūhantabbaṃ. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
“尊者们,请僧团听我说。如果僧团认为合适,僧团应废除某某布萨堂。这是动议。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho itthannāmaṃ uposathāgāraṃ samūhaneyya . Esā ñatti.
“尊者们,请僧团听我说。僧团废除某某布萨堂。哪位尊者同意废除某某布萨堂,请保持沉默;哪位不同意,请说出来。某某布萨堂已被僧团废除。僧团同意,因此沉默。我这样记持此事。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Saṅgho itthannāmaṃ uposathāgāraṃ samūhanati. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa uposathāgārassa samugghāto, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya. Samūhataṃ saṅghena itthannāmaṃ uposathāgāraṃ. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
73. 允许布萨首座显示巴利原文
73. Uposathappamukhānujānanā
142 就在那个时候,有一个住处指定了一个极小的布萨堂。在布萨日那天,大比丘僧团集合了。诸比丘坐在未被指定的地上听了巴帝摩卡。当时,那些比丘们心里这样想:“世尊规定‘应当指定布萨堂后,再作布萨’,而我们却坐在未被指定的地上听了巴帝摩卡,我们的布萨算是做了,还是没做呢?” 他们将这件事告知世尊。 “诸比丘,无论是坐在被指定的地上,还是未被指定的地上,只要能听到巴帝摩卡,他的布萨就已经做了。因此,诸比丘,僧团想要多大的布萨堂范围,就应当指定那么大的布萨堂范围。诸比丘,而且应当这样指定。首先,应当宣告界相。宣告界相后,应由一位能干、称职的比丘通知僧团:”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṃ āvāse atikhuddakaṃ uposathāgāraṃ sammataṃ hoti, tadahuposathe mahābhikkhusaṅgho sannipatito hoti. Bhikkhū asammatāya bhūmiyā nisinnā pātimokkhaṃ assosuṃ. Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi ‘‘bhagavatā paññattaṃ ‘uposathāgāraṃ sammannitvā uposatho kātabbo’ti, mayañcamhā asammatāya bhūmiyā nisinno pātimokkhaṃ assumhā, kato nu kho amhākaṃ uposatho, akato nu kho’’ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Sammatāya vā, bhikkhave, bhūmiyā nisinnā asammatāya vā yato pātimokkhaṃ suṇāti, katovassa uposatho. Tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho yāva mahantaṃ uposathappamukhaṃ ākaṅkhati, tāva mahantaṃ uposathappamukhaṃ sammannatu. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbaṃ. Paṭhamaṃ nimittā kittetabbā. Nimitte kittetvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
“尊者们,请僧团听我说。周围这些界相,就如所宣告的那样。如果僧团认为合适,僧团应当以这些界相来指定布萨堂范围。这是动议。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yāvatā samantā nimittā kittitā. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho etehi nimittehi uposathappamukhaṃ sammanneyya. Esā ñatti.
“尊者们,请僧团听我说。周围这些界相,就如所宣告的那样。僧团以这些界相指定布萨堂范围。哪位尊者同意以这些界相指定布萨堂范围,请保持沉默;哪位不同意,请说出来。以这些界相,布萨堂范围已被僧团指定。僧团同意,因此沉默。我这样记持此事。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yāvatā samantā nimittā kittitā. Saṅgho etehi nimittehi uposathappamukhaṃ sammannati. Yassāyasmato khamati etehi nimittehi uposathappamukhassa sammuti, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya. Sammataṃ saṅghena etehi nimittehi uposathappamukhaṃ. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
那时,在某个住处,布萨日当天,一些新学比丘先到了、集合好了,想着“长老们还没来呢”,就又离开了。结果布萨超时了。诸比丘把这件事禀告世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,允许在布萨日当天,由长老诸比丘先到集合。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe navakā bhikkhū paṭhamataraṃ sannipatitvā – ‘‘na tāva therā āgacchantī’’ti – pakkamiṃsu. Uposatho vikāle ahosi. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe therehi bhikkhūhi paṭhamataraṃ sannipatitunti.
那时,在王舍城,有好几个寺院是属于同一个界内的。那里的诸比丘争吵起来,有的说:“布萨要在我们寺院做!”有的说:“布萨要在我们寺院做!”诸比丘把这件事禀告世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,这里如果有好几个寺院是属于同一个界内的,而那里的诸比丘争吵说‘布萨要在我们寺院做,布萨要在我们寺院做’,诸比丘,那么这些比丘就应该全部共同集合到一处来做布萨。或者,在长老比丘所住的那个地方集合来做布萨。但绝不可以由别众的僧团来做布萨。如果哪个僧团别众做了,那就犯恶作罪。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena rājagahe sambahulā āvāsā samānasīmā honti. Tattha bhikkhū vivadanti – ‘‘amhākaṃ āvāse uposatho karīyatu, amhākaṃ āvāse uposatho karīyatū’’ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Idha pana, bhikkhave, sambahulā āvāsā samānasīmā honti. Tattha bhikkhū vivadanti – ‘‘amhākaṃ āvāse uposatho karīyatu, amhākaṃ āvāse uposatho karīyatū’’ti. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi sabbeheva ekajjhaṃ sannipatitvā uposatho kātabbo. Yattha vā pana thero bhikkhu viharati, tattha sannipatitvā uposatho kātabbo, na tveva vaggena saṅghena uposatho kātabbo. Yo kareyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
74. 允许不离衣界显示巴利原文
74. Avippavāsasīmānujānanā
143 那时,尊者大迦叶从安达卡文达前往王舍城参加布萨,在途中渡河的时候,几乎被冲走了,他的袈裟都湿了。诸比丘问尊者大迦叶:“贤友,你的袈裟怎么都湿了?”他回答说:“贤友们,我从安达卡文达前往王舍城参加布萨,在途中渡河的时候,几乎被冲走了,所以我的袈裟都湿了。”诸比丘把这件事禀告世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,僧团已经认可的那个界,是同一共住、同一布萨的,僧团可以把这个界决议为‘不离三衣界’。诸比丘,应该这样来决议:由一位有经验、有能力的比丘来向僧团作宣告——显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā mahākassapo andhakavindā rājagahaṃ uposathaṃ āgacchanto antarāmagge nadiṃ taranto manaṃ vūḷho ahosi, cīvarānissa allāni. Bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kissa te, āvuso, cīvarāni allānī’’ti? ‘‘Idhāhaṃ, āvuso, andhakavindā rājagahaṃ uposathaṃ āgacchanto antarāmagge nadiṃ taranto manamhi vūḷho. Tena me cīvarāni allānī’’ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Yā sā, bhikkhave, saṅghena sīmā sammatā samānasaṃvāsā ekuposathā, saṅgho taṃ sīmaṃ ticīvarena avippavāsaṃ sammannatu. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
“尊者们,请僧团听我说。僧团已经认可的那个界,是同一共住、同一布萨的界。如果僧团觉得合适的话,僧团就应当把这个界决议为‘不离三衣界’。这是动议。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yā sā saṅghena sīmā sammatā samānasaṃvāsā ekuposathā, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ saṅgho taṃ sīmaṃ ticīvarena avippavāsaṃ sammanneyya. Esā ñatti.
“尊者们,请僧团听我说。僧团已经认可的那个界,是同一共住、同一布萨的界。僧团现在把这个界决议为‘不离三衣界’。哪位尊者对于把这个界决议为‘不离三衣界’这件事感到同意,就请默然;哪位感到不同意,就请说出来。这个界已经被僧团决议为‘不离三衣界’了。僧团同意这件事,所以才默然,我是这样领受这事的。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yā sā saṅghena sīmā sammatā samānasaṃvāsā ekuposathā, saṅgho taṃ sīmaṃ ticīvarena avippavāsaṃ sammannati. Yassāyasmato khamati etissā sīmāya ticīvarena avippavāsāya sammuti, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya. Sammatā sā sīmā saṅghena ticīvarena avippavāsā . Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
那时,诸比丘以为世尊开许了‘不离三衣’的决议,就把袈裟存放在村落里了。结果那些袈裟有的丢失了,有的被火烧了,有的被老鼠咬了。诸比丘因此衣衫褴褛,袈裟破旧。别的比丘问他们:“贤友们,你们怎么衣衫褴褛,袈裟破旧呢?”他们回答说:“贤友们,我们以为世尊开许了‘不离三衣’的决议,就把袈裟存放在村落里了。结果那些袈裟有的丢失了,有的被烧了,有的被老鼠咬了,所以我们才衣衫褴褛,袈裟破旧。”诸比丘把这件事禀告世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,僧团已经认可的那个界,是同一共住、同一布萨的,僧团可以把这个界决议为‘不离三衣界’,但要排除掉村庄和村庄的周边范围。诸比丘,应该这样来决议:由一位有经验、有能力的比丘来向僧团作宣告——显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū bhagavatā ticīvarena avippavāsasammuti anuññātāti antaraghare cīvarāni nikkhipanti. Tāni cīvarāni nassantipi ḍayhantipi undūrehipi khajjanti. Bhikkhū duccoḷā honti lūkhacīvarā. Bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘kissa tumhe, āvuso, duccoḷā lūkhacīvarā’’ti? ‘‘Idha mayaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā ticīvarena avippavāsasammuti anuññātāti antaraghare cīvarāni nikkhipimhā . Tāni cīvarāni naṭṭhānipi daḍḍhānipi, undūrehipi khāyitāni, tena mayaṃ duccoḷā lūkhacīvarā’’ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Yā sā, bhikkhave, saṅghena sīmā sammatā samānasaṃvāsā ekuposathā, saṅgho taṃ sīmaṃ ticīvarena avippavāsaṃ sammannatu, ṭhapetvā gāmañca gāmūpacārañca. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
144 “尊者们,请僧团听我说。僧团已经认可的那个界,是同一共住、同一布萨的界。如果僧团觉得合适的话,僧团就应当把这个界决议为‘不离三衣界’,但要排除掉村庄和村庄的周边范围。这是动议。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yā sā saṅghena sīmā sammatā samānasaṃvāsā ekuposathā yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho taṃ sīmaṃ ticīvarena avippavāsaṃ sammanneyya, ṭhapetvā gāmañca gāmūpacārañca. Esā ñatti.
“尊者们,请僧团听我说。僧团已经认可的那个界,是同一共住、同一布萨的界。僧团现在把这个界决议为‘不离三衣界’,但要排除掉村庄和村庄的周边范围。哪位尊者对于把这个界决议为‘不离三衣界’——但要排除掉村庄和村庄的周边范围——这件事感到同意,就请默然;哪位感到不同意,就请说出来。这个界已经被僧团决议为‘不离三衣界’了,但要排除掉村庄和村庄的周边范围。僧团同意这件事,所以才默然,我是这样领受这事的。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yā sā saṅghena sīmā sammatā samānasaṃvāsā ekuposathā, saṅgho taṃ sīmaṃ ticīvarena avippavāsaṃ sammannati, ṭhapetvā gāmañca gāmūpacārañca. Yassāyasmato khamati etissā sīmāya ticīvarena avippavāsāya sammuti, ṭhapetvā gāmañca gāmūpacārañca, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya. Sammatā sā sīmā saṅghena ticīvarena avippavāsā , ṭhapetvā gāmañca gāmūpacārañca. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
75. 界的结合显示巴利原文
75. Sīmāsamūhanana
诸比丘,当你们要划定界时,应该先划同一共住界,然后再划三衣不离衣界。诸比丘,当你们要废除界时,应该先废除三衣不离衣界,然后再废除同一共住界。诸比丘,三衣不离衣界应该这样废除:应由一位有经验、有能力的比丘来通知僧团:显示巴利原文
‘‘Sīmaṃ, bhikkhave, sammannantena paṭhamaṃ samānasaṃvāsasīmā sammannitabbā , pacchā ticīvarena avippavāso sammannitabbo. Sīmaṃ, bhikkhave, samūhanantena paṭhamaṃ ticīvarena avippavāso samūhantabbo, pacchā samānasaṃvāsasīmā samūhantabbā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, ticīvarena avippavāso samūhantabbo. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
145 “尊者们,请僧团听我说。僧团所划定过的那个三衣不离衣界,如果僧团觉得是合适的时机,僧团应废除那个三衣不离衣界。这是动议。显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yo so saṅghena ticīvarena avippavāso sammato, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho taṃ ticīvarena avippavāsaṃ samūhaneyya. Esā ñatti.
“尊者们,请僧团听我说。僧团所划定过的那个三衣不离衣界,僧团现在废除那个三衣不离衣界。哪位尊者同意废除这个三衣不离衣界,请保持沉默;哪位尊者不同意,请说出来。那个三衣不离衣界已被僧团废除了。僧团同意此事,因此保持沉默,我这样记录此事。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yo so saṅghena ticīvarena avippavāso sammato, saṅgho taṃ ticīvarena avippavāsaṃ samūhanati. Yassāyasmato khamati etassa ticīvarena avippavāsassa samugghāto, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya. Samūhato so saṅghena ticīvarena avippavāso. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
诸比丘,界应该这样废除。应由一位有经验、有能力的比丘来通知僧团:显示巴利原文
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sīmā . Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
146 “尊者们,请僧团听我说。僧团所划定的那个界,作为等共住、同一布萨的界,如果僧团觉得是合适的时机,僧团应废除那个界,那个作为等共住、同一布萨的界。这是动议。显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yā sā saṅghena sīmā sammatā samānasaṃvāsā ekuposathā , yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho taṃ sīmaṃ samūhaneyya samānasaṃvāsaṃ ekuposathaṃ. Esā ñatti.
“尊者们,请僧团听我说。僧团所划定的那个界,作为等共住、同一布萨的界,僧团现在废除那个界,那个作为等共住、同一布萨的界。哪位尊者同意废除这个作为等共住、同一布萨的界,请保持沉默;哪位尊者不同意,请说出来。那个作为等共住、同一布萨的界已被僧团废除了。僧团同意此事,因此保持沉默,我这样记录此事。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yā sā saṅghena sīmā sammatā samānasaṃvāsā ekuposathā, saṅgho taṃ sīmaṃ samūhanati samānasaṃvāsaṃ ekuposathaṃ. Yassāyasmato khamati etissā sīmāya samānasaṃvāsāya ekuposathāya samugghāto, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya. Samūhatā sā sīmā saṅghena samānasaṃvāsā ekuposathā. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
76. 村界等显示巴利原文
76. Gāmasīmādi
147 诸比丘,在界没有被划定、没有被确立的情况下,如果你依止某个村落或城镇而住,那么那个村落的村界,或者那个城镇的镇界,在那里就成为了等共住、同一布萨的范围。诸比丘,在没有村落的空旷林野,周围七阿邦塔拉的范围,在那里就是等共住、同一布萨的范围。诸比丘,所有的河都不是界;所有的海都不是界;所有的自然湖都不是界。诸比丘,无论在河中、海中或是自然湖中,一个中等身材的人能把水撒开的范围,在那里就是等共住、同一布萨的范围。显示巴利原文
Asammatāya , bhikkhave, sīmāya aṭṭhapitāya, yaṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharati, yā tassa vā gāmassa gāmasīmā, nigamassa vā nigamasīmā, ayaṃ tattha samānasaṃvāsā ekuposathā. Agāmake ce, bhikkhave, araññe samantā sattabbhantarā, ayaṃ tattha samānasaṃvāsā ekuposathā. Sabbā, bhikkhave, nadī asīmā; sabbo samuddo asīmo; sabbo jātassaro asīmo. Nadiyā vā, bhikkhave, samudde vā jātassare vā yaṃ majjhimassa purisassa samantā udakukkhepā, ayaṃ tattha samānasaṃvāsā ekuposathāti.
148 就在那个时候,六群比丘用界去侵界。诸比丘将这件事禀告了世尊。诸比丘,那些比丘的界是先被划定的,他们的这个业是如法的、不可动摇的、符合道理的。诸比丘,那些比丘的界是后被划定的,他们的这个业是不如法的、可动摇的、不符合道理的。诸比丘,不应该用界去侵界。如果谁这样做,就犯了恶作。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sīmāya sīmaṃ sambhindanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Yesaṃ, bhikkhave, sīmā paṭhamaṃ sammatā tesaṃ taṃ kammaṃ dhammikaṃ akuppaṃ ṭhānārahaṃ. Yesaṃ, bhikkhave, sīmā pacchā sammatā tesaṃ taṃ kammaṃ adhammikaṃ kuppaṃ aṭṭhānārahaṃ. Na, bhikkhave, sīmāya sīmā sambhinditabbā. Yo sambhindeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
那时,六群比丘把新的界重叠在旧的界上面。他们把这件事报告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,那些先被确定的界,关于那个界的羯磨是如法的、不可动摇的、值得认可的。诸比丘,那些后被确定的界,关于那个界的羯磨是不如法的、可动摇的、不值得认可的。诸比丘,不应该把界重叠在界上。如果谁重叠了,犯恶作。诸比丘,我允许在确定界的时候,留下界中间地带,然后再确定界。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sīmāya sīmaṃ ajjhottharanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Yesaṃ, bhikkhave, sīmā paṭhamaṃ sammatā tesaṃ taṃ kammaṃ dhammikaṃ akuppaṃ ṭhānārahaṃ. Yesaṃ, bhikkhave, sīmā pacchā sammatā tesaṃ taṃ kammaṃ adhammikaṃ kuppaṃ aṭṭhānārahaṃ. Na, bhikkhave, sīmāya sīmā ajjhottharitabbā. Yo ajjhotthareyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sīmaṃ sammannantena sīmantarikaṃ ṭhapetvā sīmaṃ sammannitunti.
77. 布萨分别等显示巴利原文
77. Uposathabhedādi
149 那时,诸比丘心里想:“到底有几种布萨呢?”他们把这件事报告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,有两种布萨:十四日的布萨和十五日的布萨。诸比丘,这就是两种布萨。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kati nu kho uposathā’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Dveme, bhikkhave, uposathā – cātuddasiko ca pannarasiko ca. Ime kho, bhikkhave, dve uposathāti.
那时,诸比丘心里想:“到底有几种布萨羯磨呢?”他们把这件事报告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,有这四种布萨羯磨:不如法、别众的布萨羯磨;不如法、和合的布萨羯磨;如法、别众的布萨羯磨;如法、和合的布萨羯磨。诸比丘,其中那个不如法、别众的布萨羯磨,诸比丘,这样的布萨羯磨不应该做,也从来不被我允许。诸比丘,其中那个不如法、和合的布萨羯磨,诸比丘,这样的布萨羯磨不应该做,也从来不被我允许。诸比丘,其中那个如法、别众的布萨羯磨,诸比丘,这样的布萨羯磨不应该做,也从来不被我允许。诸比丘,其中那个如法、和合的布萨羯磨,诸比丘,这样的布萨羯磨应该做,这样的布萨羯磨也为我所允许。因此,诸比丘,你们应当这样学:‘我们要做那种如法、和合的布萨羯磨。’”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kati nu kho uposathakammānī’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, uposathakammāni – adhammena vaggaṃ uposathakammaṃ, adhammena samaggaṃ uposathakammaṃ, dhammena vaggaṃ uposathakammaṃ, dhammena samaggaṃ uposathakammanti. Tatra, bhikkhave, yadidaṃ adhammena vaggaṃ uposathakammaṃ, na, bhikkhave, evarūpaṃ uposathakammaṃ, kātabbaṃ. Na ca mayā evarūpaṃ uposathakammaṃ anuññātaṃ. Tatra, bhikkhave, yadidaṃ adhammena samaggaṃ uposathakammaṃ, na, bhikkhave, evarūpaṃ uposathakammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Na ca mayā evarūpaṃ uposathakammaṃ anuññātaṃ. Tatra, bhikkhave, yadidaṃ dhammena vaggaṃ uposathakammaṃ, na, bhikkhave, evarūpaṃ uposathakammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Na ca mayā evarūpaṃ uposathakammaṃ anuññātaṃ. Tatra, bhikkhave, yadidaṃ dhammena samaggaṃ uposathakammaṃ, evarūpaṃ, bhikkhave, uposathakammaṃ kātabbaṃ, evarūpañca mayā uposathakammaṃ anuññātaṃ. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evarūpaṃ uposathakammaṃ karissāma yadidaṃ dhammena samagganti – evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbanti.
78. 略诵巴帝摩卡等显示巴利原文
78. Saṃkhittena pātimokkhuddesādi
150 那时,诸比丘心里想:“到底有几种巴帝摩卡的诵读方式呢?”他们把这件事报告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,有这五种巴帝摩卡的诵读方式:诵出序言之后,剩下的部分用‘听闻’的方式告知,这是第一种巴帝摩卡的诵读。诵出序言,诵出四波罗夷之后,剩下的部分用‘听闻’的方式告知,这是第二种巴帝摩卡的诵读。诵出序言,诵出四波罗夷,诵出十三僧残之后,剩下的部分用‘听闻’的方式告知,这是第三种巴帝摩卡的诵读。诵出序言,诵出四波罗夷,诵出十三僧残,诵出二不定之后,剩下的部分用‘听闻’的方式告知,这是第四种巴帝摩卡的诵读。详细地全部诵出,就是第五种。诸比丘,这就是五种巴帝摩卡的诵读方式。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kati nu kho pātimokkhuddesā’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Pañcime, bhikkhave, pātimokkhuddesā – nidānaṃ uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ paṭhamo pātimokkhuddeso. Nidānaṃ uddisitvā cattāri pārājikāni uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ dutiyo pātimokkhuddeso. Nidānaṃ uddisitvā cattāri pārājikāni uddisitvā terasa saṅghādisese uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ tatiyo pātimokkhuddeso. Nidānaṃ uddisitvā cattāri pārājikāni uddisitvā terasa saṅghādisese uddisitvā dve aniyate uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ catuttho pātimokkhuddeso. Vitthāreneva pañcamo. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca pātimokkhuddesāti.
那时,诸比丘以为“世尊已经允许简略地诵巴帝摩卡了”,于是在所有时候都简略地诵巴帝摩卡。他们把这件事报告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,不应该简略地诵巴帝摩卡。如果谁简略地诵了,犯恶作。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū – bhagavatā saṃkhittena pātimokkhuddeso anuññātoti – sabbakālaṃ saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
那时,在憍萨罗国乡下的某处住处,在那天的布萨日出现了野兽的恐怖。诸比丘没办法详细地诵巴帝摩卡。他们把这件事报告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,当有难缘的时候,我允许简略地诵巴帝摩卡。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena kosalesu janapade aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe savarabhayaṃ ahosi. Bhikkhū nāsakkhiṃsu vitthārena pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sati antarāye saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisitunti.
那时,六群比丘在没有难缘的时候也简略地诵巴帝摩卡。他们把这件事报告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,在没有难缘的时候,不应该简略地诵巴帝摩卡。如果谁诵了,犯恶作。诸比丘,我允许在有难缘的时候简略地诵巴帝摩卡。所说的难缘是这些:国王的难缘、盗贼的难缘、火灾的难缘、水灾的难缘、人群的难缘、非人的难缘、野兽的难缘、爬虫的难缘、生命的难缘、梵行生活的难缘。诸比丘,在像这样的难缘中,我允许简略地诵巴帝摩卡;在没有难缘的时候,应该详细地诵。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū asatipi antarāye saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, asati antarāye saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sati antarāye saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ. Tatrime antarāyā – rājantarāyo, corantarāyo, agyantarāyo, udakantarāyo, manussantarāyo, amanussantarāyo , vāḷantarāyo, sarīsapantarāyo, jīvitantarāyo, brahmacariyantarāyoti. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, evarūpesu antarāyesu saṃkhittena pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ, asati antarāye vitthārenāti.
那时,六群比丘在僧团中间,没有被邀请就说法。他们把这件事报告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,在僧团中间,没有被邀请时,不应该说法。如果谁说法,犯恶作。诸比丘,我允许上座比丘自己说法,或者邀请别的比丘说法。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū saṅghamajjhe anajjhiṭṭhā dhammaṃ bhāsanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, saṅghamajjhe anajjhiṭṭhena dhammo bhāsitabbo. Yo bhāseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, therena bhikkhunā sāmaṃ vā dhammaṃ bhāsituṃ paraṃ vā ajjhesitunti.
79. 律问论显示巴利原文
79. Vinayapucchanakathā
151 那时,六群比丘在僧团中没有得到授权就提问律。诸比丘把这件事报告给世尊。世尊说:诸比丘,在僧团中,不应由未得到授权的人提问律。若有人提问,犯恶作。诸比丘,我允许在僧团中由得到授权的人提问律。而且,诸比丘,应该这样授权:可以自己授权自己,也可以由他人授权他人。怎样自己授权自己呢?应由一位有经验、有能力的比丘向僧团宣告:显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū saṅghamajjhe asammatā vinayaṃ pucchanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, saṅghamajjhe asammatena vinayo pucchitabbo. Yo puccheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, saṅghamajjhe sammatena vinayaṃ pucchituṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbo – attanā vā attānaṃ sammannitabbaṃ, parena vā paro sammannitabbo. Kathañca attanāva attānaṃ sammannitabbaṃ? Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
尊者,请僧团听我说。如果僧团认为时机合适,我将提问某某律。这样就是自己授权自己。显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ itthannāmaṃ vinayaṃ puccheyya’’nti. Evaṃ attanāva attānaṃ sammannitabbaṃ.
怎样由他人授权他人呢?应由一位有经验、有能力的比丘向僧团宣告:显示巴利原文
Kathañca parena paro sammannitabbo? Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
尊者,请僧团听我说。如果僧团认为时机合适,某某比丘可以向某某比丘提问律。这样就是由他人授权他人。显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, itthannāmo itthannāmaṃ vinayaṃ puccheyyā’’ti. Evaṃ parena paro sammannitabboti.
那时,一些清净的比丘在僧团中得到授权后提问律。六群比丘因此心怀怨恨,生起不满,用威胁的语言恐吓他们。诸比丘把这件事报告给世尊。世尊说:诸比丘,我允许在僧团中,即便是得到授权的人,也应当观察大众、衡量对方后再提问律。显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena pesalā bhikkhū saṅghamajjhe sammatā vinayaṃ pucchanti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū labhanti āghātaṃ, labhanti appaccayaṃ, vadhena tajjenti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, saṅghamajjhe sammatenapi parisaṃ oloketvā puggalaṃ tulayitvā vinayaṃ pucchitunti.
80. 律答论显示巴利原文
80. Vinayavissajjanakathā
152 那时,六群比丘在僧团中没有得到授权就解答律。诸比丘把这件事报告给世尊。世尊说:诸比丘,在僧团中,不应由未得到授权的人解答律。若有人解答,犯恶作。诸比丘,我允许在僧团中由得到授权的人解答律。而且,诸比丘,应该这样授权:可以自己授权自己,也可以由他人授权他人。怎样自己授权自己呢?应由一位有经验、有能力的比丘向僧团宣告:显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū saṅghamajjhe asammatā vinayaṃ vissajjenti . Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, saṅghamajjhe asammatena vinayo vissajjetabbo. Yo vissajjeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, saṅghamajjhe sammatena vinayaṃ vissajjetuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbaṃ. Attanā vā attānaṃ sammannitabbaṃ, parena vā paro sammannitabbo. Kathañca attanāva attānaṃ sammannitabbaṃ? Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
尊者,请僧团听我说。如果僧团认为时机合适,当被某某问律时,我将解答。这样就是自己授权自己。显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ itthannāmena vinayaṃ puṭṭho vissajjeyya’’nti. Evaṃ attanāva attānaṃ sammannitabbaṃ.
怎样由他人授权他人呢?应由一位有经验、有能力的比丘向僧团宣告:显示巴利原文
Kathañca parena paro sammannitabbo? Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
“尊者们,请僧团听我说。如果僧团时机适当,某甲比丘可以解答某乙比丘所问的戒律。”应当像这样,由一位比丘推荐另一位比丘。显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, itthannāmo itthannāmena vinayaṃ puṭṭho vissajjeyyā’’ti. Evaṃ parena paro sammannitabboti.
那时,有些贤善的比丘在被僧团中推选出来后解答戒律。六群诸比丘因此心怀恨意,心生不满,就用杀人的威胁来恐吓他们。诸比丘将这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,即使是僧团中推选出来的人,我也允许他在观察了在场大众、衡量了对方的能力之后,再来解答戒律。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena pesalā bhikkhū saṅghamajjhe sammatā vinayaṃ vissajjenti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū labhanti āghātaṃ, labhanti appaccayaṃ, vadhena tajjenti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, saṅghamajjhe sammatenapi parisaṃ oloketvā puggalaṃ tulayitvā vinayaṃ vissajjetunti.
81. 举罪论显示巴利原文
81. Codanākathā
153 那时,六群比丘对一个还没有向他们请求允许的比丘,就举发他的罪过。诸比丘将这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,不应该对一个还没有请求允许的比丘举发罪过。如果举发了,犯恶作。诸比丘,我允许先让对方请求允许,然后再举发罪过。可以这样说:‘尊者,请给我允许,我有话想对您说。’”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū anokāsakataṃ bhikkhuṃ āpattiyā codenti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, anokāsakato bhikkhu āpattiyā codetabbo. Yo codeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, okāsaṃ kārāpetvā āpattiyā codetuṃ – karotu āyasmā okāsaṃ, ahaṃ taṃ vattukāmoti.
那时,贤善的诸比丘让六群比丘请求允许之后,就举发他们的罪过。六群诸比丘因此心怀恨意,心生不满,就用杀人的威胁来恐吓他们。诸比丘将这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许你们,即使在对方已经请求允许的情况下,也要先衡量一下对方这个人,然后再举发罪过。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena pesalā bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū okāsaṃ kārāpetvā āpattiyā codenti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū labhanti āghātaṃ, labhanti appaccayaṃ, vadhena tajjenti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, katepi okāse puggalaṃ tulayitvā āpattiyā codetunti.
那时,六群比丘心想:‘贤善的诸比丘会在我们之前请求允许。’于是,他们就提前让那些本来清净、没有过失、在根本不存在的事情上、没有任何理由的诸比丘请求允许。诸比丘将这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,不应该让那些清净、没有过失的比丘,在根本不存在的事情上、没有任何理由地请求允许。如果让人这样做了,犯恶作。诸比丘,我允许你们在衡量对方这个人之后,再给予允许。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū – puramhākaṃ pesalā bhikkhū okāsaṃ kārāpentīti – paṭikacceva suddhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anāpattikānaṃ avatthusmiṃ akāraṇe okāsaṃ kārāpenti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, suddhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anāpattikānaṃ avatthusmiṃ akāraṇe okāso kārāpetabbo. Yo kārāpeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, puggalaṃ tulayitvā okāsaṃ kātu nti.
82. 拒绝非法羯磨等显示巴利原文
82. Adhammakammapaṭikkosanādi
154 那时,六群比丘在僧团中进行非法的羯磨。诸比丘将这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,不应该进行非法的羯磨。如果进行了,犯恶作。”然而,六群比丘仍然继续进行非法的羯磨。诸比丘又将这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许你们,当非法的羯磨正在进行时,提出反对。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū saṅghamajjhe adhammakammaṃ karonti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, adhammakammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Yo kareyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti. Karontiyeva adhammakammaṃ. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ . Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, adhammakamme kayiramāne paṭikkositunti.
那时,当六群比丘在进行非法的羯磨时,贤善的诸比丘就提出反对。六群诸比丘因此心怀恨意,心生不满,就用杀人的威胁来恐吓他们。诸比丘将这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许你们,也直接表明自己的见解。”于是,诸比丘就在他们面前直接表明见解。六群诸比丘还是心怀恨意,心生不满,用杀人的威胁来恐吓他们。诸比丘又将这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许你们,由四位或五位比丘来提出反对,由两位或三位比丘来表明见解,由一位比丘通过决意的方式表明:‘这件事我不认可。’”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena pesalā bhikkhū chabbaggiyehi bhikkhūhi adhammakamme kayiramāne paṭikkosanti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū labhanti āghātaṃ, labhanti appaccayaṃ, vadhena tajjenti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, diṭṭhimpi āvikātunti. Tesaṃyeva santike diṭṭhiṃ āvikaronti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū labhanti āghātaṃ, labhanti appaccayaṃ, vadhena tajjenti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, catūhi pañcahi paṭikkosituṃ, dvīhi tīhi diṭṭhiṃ āvikātuṃ, ekena adhiṭṭhātuṃ – ‘na metaṃ khamatī’ti.
那时,六群比丘在僧团中诵巴帝摩卡的时候,故意不让人听清楚。诸比丘将这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,诵巴帝摩卡的人不应该故意不让人听清楚。如果故意不让人听清楚,犯恶作。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū saṅghamajjhe pātimokkhaṃ uddisamānā sañcicca na sāventi. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, pātimokkhuddesakena sañcicca na sāvetabbaṃ. Yo na sāveyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
就在那个时候,优陀夷尊者担任僧团的巴帝摩卡诵出者,但他嗓音嘶哑。这时,优陀夷尊者心里想:“世尊规定了‘巴帝摩卡应当由诵出者来宣读’,而我嗓音嘶哑,我该怎么处理呢?”诸比丘把这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许诵出巴帝摩卡的人尽力而为,想着:‘怎样能宣读出来’。努力的人没有犯。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā udāyī saṅghassa pātimokkhuddesako hoti kākassarako. Atha kho āyasmato udāyissa etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavatā paññattaṃ ‘pātimokkhuddesakena sāvetabba’nti, ahañcamhi kākassarako, kathaṃ nu kho mayā paṭipajjitabba’’nti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, pātimokkhuddesakena vāyamituṃ – ‘kathaṃ sāveyya’nti. Vāyamantassa anāpattīti.
就在那个时候,提婆达多在一个有俗人在场的集会里诵巴帝摩卡。诸比丘把这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,不应该在有俗人在场的集会里诵巴帝摩卡。如果有谁诵了,犯恶作。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena devadatto sagahaṭṭhāya parisāya pātimokkhaṃ uddisati. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, sagahaṭṭhāya parisāya pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
就在那个时候,六群比丘在僧团中未被邀请就诵巴帝摩卡。诸比丘把这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,在僧团中不应未被邀请就诵巴帝摩卡。如果有谁诵了,犯恶作。诸比丘,我允许由长老负责巴帝摩卡之事。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū saṅghamajjhe anajjhiṭṭhā pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, saṅghamajjhe anajjhiṭṭhena pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, therādhikaṃ pātimokkhanti.
83. 请求诵巴帝摩卡者等显示巴利原文
83. Pātimokkhuddesakaajjhesanādi
155 那时,世尊在王舍城随意住了一段时间后,就朝着诘难事地点出发游行。次第游行之中,来到了诘难事地点。就在那个时候,某一住处住着许多比丘。那里的长老比丘愚笨、不熟练,他不知道什么是布萨,什么是布萨业,什么是巴帝摩卡,什么是巴帝摩卡诵出。这时,那些比丘心里想:“世尊规定了‘由长老负责巴帝摩卡之事’,但我们这位长老愚笨、不熟练,他不知道什么是布萨,什么是布萨业,什么是巴帝摩卡,什么是巴帝摩卡诵出。我们该怎么办呢?”诸比丘把这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许由那位贤能、胜任的比丘负起巴帝摩卡的责任。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā rājagahe yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena codanāvatthu tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena codanāvatthu tadavasari. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṃ āvāse sambahulā bhikkhū viharanti . Tattha thero bhikkhu bālo hoti abyatto. So na jānāti uposathaṃ vā uposathakammaṃ vā, pātimokkhaṃ vā pātimokkhuddesaṃ vā. Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavatā paññattaṃ ‘therādhikaṃ pātimokkha’nti, ayañca amhākaṃ thero bālo abyatto, na jānāti uposathaṃ vā uposathakammaṃ vā, pātimokkhaṃ vā pātimokkhuddesaṃ vā. Kathaṃ nu kho amhehi paṭipajjitabba’’nti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, yo tattha bhikkhu byatto paṭibalo tassādheyyaṃ pātimokkhanti.
就在那个时候,某一住处在布萨日当天住着许多比丘,他们都愚笨、不熟练,不知道什么是布萨,什么是布萨业,什么是巴帝摩卡,什么是巴帝摩卡诵出。他们邀请了长老,说:“尊者,请长老诵巴帝摩卡吧。”长老这样回答:“贤友,我做不到。”他们又邀请第二长老,说:“尊者,请长老诵巴帝摩卡吧。”这位也这样回答:“贤友,我做不到。”他们再邀请第三长老,说:“尊者,请长老诵巴帝摩卡吧。”这位也这样回答:“贤友,我做不到。”就用这个方法,他们一直邀请到了僧团中最新出家的人,说:“请尊者诵巴帝摩卡吧。”这位也这样回答:“尊者,我做不到。”诸比丘把这件事禀告了世尊。显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā bhikkhū viharanti bālā abyattā. Te na jānanti uposathaṃ vā uposathakammaṃ vā, pātimokkhaṃ vā pātimokkhuddesaṃ vā. Te theraṃ ajjhesiṃsu – ‘‘uddisatu, bhante, thero pātimokkha’’nti. So evamāha – ‘‘na me, āvuso, vattatī’’ti. Dutiyaṃ theraṃ ajjhesiṃsu – ‘‘uddisatu, bhante, thero pātimokkha’’nti. Sopi evamāha – ‘‘na me, āvuso, vattatī’’ti. Tatiyaṃ theraṃ ajjhesiṃsu – ‘‘uddisatu , bhante, thero pātimokkha’’nti. Sopi evamāha – ‘‘na me, āvuso, vattatī’’ti. Eteneva upāyena yāva saṅghanavakaṃ ajjhesiṃsu – ‘‘uddisatu āyasmā pātimokkha’’nti. Sopi evamāha – ‘‘na me, bhante, vattatī’’ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ.
诸比丘,在这种情况下,如果某一住处在布萨日当天住着许多比丘,他们都愚笨、不熟练,不知道什么是布萨,什么是布萨业,什么是巴帝摩卡,什么是巴帝摩卡诵出。他们邀请长老,说:“尊者,请长老诵巴帝摩卡吧。”长老这样回答:“贤友,我做不到。”他们又邀请第二长老,说:“尊者,请长老诵巴帝摩卡吧。”这位也这样回答:“贤友,我做不到。”他们再邀请第三长老,说:“尊者,请长老诵巴帝摩卡吧。”这位也这样回答:“贤友,我做不到。”就用这个方法,他们一直邀请到了僧团中最新出家的人,说:“请尊者诵巴帝摩卡吧。”这位也这样回答:“尊者,我做不到。”那么,诸比丘,那些比丘应当派一位比丘立刻到邻近的住处去,告诉他:“贤友,去吧,或以简略、或以详细的方式把巴帝摩卡掌握了之后,再回来。”显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā bhikkhū viharanti bālā abyattā. Te na jānanti uposathaṃ vā uposathakammaṃ vā, pātimokkhaṃ vā pātimokkhuddesaṃ vā. Te theraṃ ajjhesanti – ‘‘uddisatu, bhante, thero pātimokkha’’nti. So evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘na me, āvuso, vattatī’’ti. Dutiyaṃ theraṃ ajjhesanti – ‘‘uddisatu, bhante, thero pātimokkha’’nti. Sopi evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘na me, āvuso, vattatī’’ti. Tatiyaṃ theraṃ ajjhesanti – ‘‘uddisatu, bhante, thero pātimokkha’’nti. Sopi evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘na me, āvuso, vattatī’’ti. Eteneva upāyena yāva saṅghanavakaṃ ajjhesanti – ‘‘uddisatu āyasmā pātimokkha’’nti. Sopi evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘na me, bhante, vattatī’’ti. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi eko bhikkhu sāmantā āvāsā sajjukaṃ pāhetabbo – gacchāvuso, saṃkhittena vā vitthārena vā pātimokkhaṃ pariyāpuṇitvāna āgacchāhīti.
这时,诸比丘心里想:“该由谁来派呢?”诸比丘把这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许由长老比丘来命令新比丘。”被长老命令的新诸比丘却不去。诸比丘把这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,被长老命令而没生病的人,不可以不去。如果有谁不去,犯恶作。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kena nu kho pāhetabbo’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, therena bhikkhunā navaṃ bhikkhuṃ āṇāpetunti. Therena āṇattā navā bhikkhū na gacchanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, therena āṇattena agilānena na gantabbaṃ. Yo na gaccheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
84. 允许取半月计算等显示巴利原文
84. Pakkhagaṇanādiuggahaṇānujānanā
156 那时,世尊在诘难事地点随意住了一段时间后,又回到了王舍城。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā codanāvatthusmiṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā punadeva rājagahaṃ paccāgañchi.
那时,一些人对诸比丘沿街乞食时问道:“尊者,这是半月的哪一天?”诸比丘这样回答:“朋友,我们不知道。”那些人就讥嫌、责备、非难说:“这些释迦族的沙门,连半月计算都不会,他们还能知道别的什么好事呢?”诸比丘把这件事禀报了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,允许学习半月计算。”这时,诸比丘心里想:“应该由谁学习半月计算呢?”他们又把这件事禀报世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,允许所有人都学习半月计算。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena manussā bhikkhū piṇḍāya carante pucchanti – ‘‘katimī, bhante, pakkhassā’’ti? Bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘na kho mayaṃ, āvuso, jānāmā’’ti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘pakkhagaṇanamattamampime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā na jānanti, kiṃ panime aññaṃ kiñci kalyāṇaṃ jānissantī’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, pakkhagaṇanaṃ uggahetunti. Atha kho bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kena nu kho pakkhagaṇanā uggahetabbā’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sabbeheva pakkhagaṇanaṃ uggahetunti.
157 那时,一些人对诸比丘沿街乞食时问道:“尊者,一共有多少位比丘?”诸比丘这样回答:“朋友,我们不知道。”那些人就讥嫌、责备、非难说:“这些释迦族的沙门,连彼此之间有多少人都不清楚,他们还能知道别的什么好事呢?”诸比丘把这件事禀报了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,允许计算比丘的人数。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena manussā bhikkhū piṇḍāya carante pucchanti – ‘‘kīvatikā, bhante, bhikkhū’’ti? Bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘na kho mayaṃ, āvuso, jānāmā’’ti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘aññamaññampime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā na jānanti, kiṃ panime aññaṃ kiñci kalyāṇaṃ jānissantī’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū gaṇetunti.
接着,诸比丘心里想:“应该在什么时候计算比丘的人数呢?”他们把这件事禀报世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,允许在布萨日那天,依序念名字来计算,或者取筹来计算。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kadā nu kho bhikkhū gaṇetabbā’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe nāmaggena gaṇetuṃ, salākaṃ vā gāhetunti.
158 那时,诸比丘因为不知道当天是布萨日,就到远处的村庄去乞食。他们有的在巴帝摩卡正被诵出的时候才赶回来,有的刚诵完才回来。诸比丘把这件事禀报了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,允许告知:‘今天是布萨日。’”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū ajānantā ajjuposathoti dūraṃ gāmaṃ piṇḍāya caranti. Te uddissamānepi pātimokkhe āgacchanti, uddiṭṭhamattepi āgacchanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, ārocetuṃ ‘ajjuposatho’ti.
接着,诸比丘心里想:“应该由谁来告知呢?”他们把这件事禀报世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,允许由长老比丘在适当的时候告知。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kena nu kho ārocetabbo’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, therena bhikkhunā kālavato ārocetunti.
那时,有一位长老比丘在适当的时候忘记了告知。诸比丘把这件事禀报了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,允许在用斋时也告知。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññataro thero kālavato nassarati. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, bhattakālepi ārocetunti.
用斋时也忘记了。诸比丘把这件事禀报了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,允许在能记起来的时候,就在那个时间告知。”显示巴利原文
Bhattakālepi nassarati. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, yaṃ kālaṃ sarati, taṃ kālaṃ ārocetunti.
85. 允许前行事显示巴利原文
85. Pubbakaraṇānujānanā
159 那时,在某个住处,布萨堂很脏。客居的诸比丘讥嫌、责备、非难说:“住在这儿的诸比丘怎么不打扫布萨堂呢?”诸比丘把这件事禀报了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,允许打扫布萨堂。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṃ āvāse uposathāgāraṃ uklāpaṃ hoti. Āgantukā bhikkhū ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āvāsikā bhikkhū uposathāgāraṃ na sammajjissantī’’ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, uposathāgāraṃ sammajjitunti.
那时,诸比丘心中生起了这样的想法:“到底该由谁来打扫布萨堂呢?”他们把这件事报告给世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许长老比丘指派新学比丘来做这件事。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kena nu kho uposathāgāraṃ sammajjitabba’’nti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, therena bhikkhunā navaṃ bhikkhuṃ āṇāpetunti.
因为是被长老指派的,那些新学比丘就不愿意打扫。诸比丘把这件事报告给世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,被长老指派了,又不是生病的人,不可以不打扫。如果谁不打扫,就犯恶作罪。”显示巴利原文
Therena āṇattā navā bhikkhū na sammajjanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, therena āṇattena agilānena na sammajjitabbaṃ. Yo na sammajjeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
160 就在那个时候,布萨堂里没有铺设座位。诸比丘直接坐在地上,身体和袈裟都沾满了灰尘。诸比丘把这件事报告给世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许你们在布萨堂里铺设座位。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena uposathāgāre āsanaṃ apaññattaṃ hoti. Bhikkhū chamāyaṃ nisīdanti, gattānipi cīvarānipi paṃsukitāni honti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, uposathāgāre āsanaṃ paññapetunti.
那时,诸比丘心中生起了这样的想法:“到底该由谁在布萨堂里铺设座位呢?”他们把这件事报告给世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许长老比丘指派新学比丘来做这件事。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kena nu kho uposathāgāre āsanaṃ paññapetabba’’nti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, therena bhikkhunā navaṃ bhikkhuṃ āṇāpetunti.
因为是被长老指派的,那些新学比丘就不愿意铺设。诸比丘把这件事报告给世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,被长老指派了,又不是生病的人,不可以不铺设。如果谁不铺设,就犯恶作罪。”显示巴利原文
Therena āṇattā navā bhikkhū na paññapenti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, therena āṇattena agilānena na paññapetabbaṃ. Yo na paññapeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
161 就在那个时候,布萨堂里没有灯。在黑暗中,诸比丘互相踩到了身体和袈裟。诸比丘把这件事报告给世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许你们在布萨堂里点上灯。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena uposathāgāre padīpo na hoti. Bhikkhū andhakāre kāyampi cīvarampi akkamanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, uposathāgāre padīpaṃ kātunti.
那时,诸比丘心中生起了这样的想法:“到底该由谁在布萨堂里点灯呢?”他们把这件事报告给世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许长老比丘指派新学比丘来做这件事。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kena nu kho uposathāgāre padīpo kātabbo’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, therena bhikkhunā navaṃ bhikkhuṃ āṇāpetunti.
因为是被长老指派的,那些新学比丘就不愿意点灯。诸比丘把这件事报告给世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,被长老指派了,又不是生病的人,不可以不点灯。如果谁不点灯,就犯恶作罪。”显示巴利原文
Therena āṇattā navā bhikkhū na padīpenti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, therena āṇattena agilānena na padīpetabbo. Yo na padīpeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
162 那时,在某个住处,住在那里的诸比丘既不准备饮用水,也不准备使用水。外来的客诸比丘对此抱怨、批评、指责说:“怎么可以这样呢?住在这里的诸比丘竟然既不准备饮用水,也不准备使用水。”诸比丘把这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许准备饮用水和使用水。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṃ āvāse āvāsikā bhikkhū neva pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpenti, na paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpenti. Āgantukā bhikkhū ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āvāsikā bhikkhū neva pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpessanti, na paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpessantī’’ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave , pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetunti.
那时,诸比丘心里这样想:“那么,应该由谁来准备饮用水和使用水呢?”他们把这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许由长老比丘指派年轻的比丘去准备。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kena nu kho pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabba’’nti ? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, therena bhikkhunā navaṃ bhikkhuṃ āṇāpetunti.
被长老指派的那些年轻比丘却不去准备。诸比丘把这件事禀告了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,被长老指派的比丘,如果没有生病,不应该不去准备。如果不去准备,那就犯恶作罪。”显示巴利原文
Therena āṇattā navā bhikkhū na upaṭṭhāpenti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, therena āṇattena agilānena na upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Yo na upaṭṭhāpeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
86. 远行等事显示巴利原文
86. Disaṃgamikādivatthu
163 那时,有一些愚笨、不行的比丘,打算出行远方,没有向导师和亲教师告辞。诸比丘把这件事禀告了世尊。显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū bālā abyattā disaṃgamikā ācariyupajjhāye na āpucchiṃsu . Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ.
诸比丘,如果有一些愚笨、不行的比丘,打算出行远方,而且不向导师和亲教师告辞。那么,诸比丘,导师和亲教师应该问他们:“你们要去哪里?要和谁一起去?”诸比丘,如果那些愚笨、不行的比丘,指出别的也愚笨、不行的人作为同伴,那么,诸比丘,导师和亲教师就不应该允许他们去。如果允许了,那就犯恶作罪。诸比丘,而那些愚笨、不行的比丘,在没有得到导师和亲教师允许的情况下,如果就这样走了,也犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, sambahulā bhikkhū bālā abyattā disaṃgamikā ācariyupajjhāye na āpucchanti . Te , bhikkhave, ācariyupajjhāyehi pucchitabbā – ‘‘kahaṃ gamissatha, kena saddhiṃ gamissathā’’ti? Te ce, bhikkhave, bālā abyattā aññe bāle abyatte apadiseyyuṃ, na, bhikkhave, ācariyupajjhāyehi anujānitabbā. Anujāneyyuṃ ce, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Te ca, bhikkhave, bālā abyattā ananuññātā ācariyupajjhāyehi gaccheyyuṃ ce, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
诸比丘,又有这样的情况:在某一个住处,有许多愚笨、不行的比丘住在一起。他们既不知道什么是布萨,也不知道布萨的作法;既不知道什么是巴帝摩卡,也不知道如何诵巴帝摩卡。后来,另外有一位比丘来到了那里,他多闻博学、通达经典、能持佛法、能持律藏、能持纲要、有智慧、能干、聪慧、有惭愧心、谨慎自律、乐于学习。诸比丘,那些比丘就应该好好照顾、帮助、亲近、侍候这位比丘,为他提供澡豆、土粉、齿木和漱口水。如果不这样照顾、帮助、亲近、侍候他,不给他提供澡豆、土粉、齿木和漱口水,那就犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse sambahulā bhikkhū viharanti bālā abyattā. Te na jānanti uposathaṃ vā uposathakammaṃ vā, pātimokkhaṃ vā pātimokkhuddesaṃ vā. Tattha añño bhikkhu āgacchati bahussuto āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito byatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi so bhikkhu saṅgahetabbo anuggahetabbo upalāpetabbo upaṭṭhāpetabbo cuṇṇena mattikāya dantakaṭṭhena mukhodakena. No ce saṅgaṇheyyuṃ anuggaṇheyyuṃ upalāpeyyuṃ upaṭṭhāpeyyuṃ cuṇṇena mattikāya dantakaṭṭhena mukhodakena, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
诸比丘,又有这样的情况:在某一个住处,在布萨日当天,有许多愚笨、不行的比丘住在一起。他们既不知道什么是布萨,也不知道布萨的作法;既不知道什么是巴帝摩卡,也不知道如何诵巴帝摩卡。诸比丘,那些比丘中,要立刻派一位比丘到邻近的住处去,告诉他:“朋友,你去,把巴帝摩卡简要地或详细地学会,然后回来。”如果能这样做到,那就很好。如果做不到,那么,诸比丘,那些比丘全体都应该去那个地方——那个他们知道有人懂得布萨、布萨的作法、巴帝摩卡、巴帝摩卡的诵法的住处。如果不去,那就犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā bhikkhū viharanti bālā abyattā. Te na jānanti uposathaṃ vā uposathakammaṃ vā, pātimokkhaṃ vā pātimokkhuddesaṃ vā. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi eko bhikkhu sāmantā āvāsā sajjukaṃ pāhetabbo – ‘‘gacchāvuso, saṃkhittena vā vitthārena vā pātimokkhaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā āgacchā’’ti. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce labhetha, tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi sabbeheva yattha jānanti uposathaṃ vā uposathakammaṃ vā pātimokkhaṃ vā pātimokkhuddesaṃ vā, so āvāso gantabbo . No ce gaccheyyuṃ, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
诸比丘,又有这样的情况:在某一个住处,有许多愚笨、不行的比丘在安居。他们既不知道什么是布萨,也不知道布萨的作法;既不知道什么是巴帝摩卡,也不知道如何诵巴帝摩卡。诸比丘,那些比丘中,要立刻派一位比丘到邻近的住处去,告诉他:“朋友,你去,把巴帝摩卡简要地或详细地学会,然后回来。”如果能这样做到,那就很好。如果做不到,就应该派一位比丘去,给他七天的时间,告诉他:“朋友,你去,把巴帝摩卡简要地或详细地学会,然后回来。”如果能这样做到,那就很好。如果还是做不到,那么,诸比丘,那些比丘就不应该再在那个住处安居了。如果还继续安居,那就犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse sambahulā bhikkhū vassaṃ vasanti bālā abyattā. Te na jānanti uposathaṃ vā uposathakammaṃ vā pātimokkhaṃ vā pātimokkhuddesaṃ vā. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi eko bhikkhu sāmantā āvāsā sajjukaṃ pāhetabbo – ‘‘gacchāvuso, saṃkhittena vā vitthārena vā pātimokkhaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā āgacchā’’ti. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce labhetha, eko bhikkhu sattāhakālikaṃ pāhetabbo – ‘‘gacchāvuso, saṃkhittena vā vitthārena vā pātimokkhaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā āgacchā’’ti. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce labhetha, na, bhikkhave, tehi bhikkhūhi tasmiṃ āvāse vassaṃ vasitabbaṃ. Vaseyyuṃ ce, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
87. 给予清净论显示巴利原文
87. Pārisuddhidānakathā
164 那时,世尊对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,集合吧,僧团将举行布萨。”这话说完后,有一位比丘对世尊这样说:“尊者,有一位生病的比丘,他没来。”我允许,诸比丘,生病的比丘可以给予清净。而诸比丘,应该这样给:那位生病的比丘应该走到一位比丘跟前,把上衣搭在一肩,蹲坐下来,合掌,然后对他这样说:“我给予清净,请为我传达清净,请为我宣告清净。”如果通过身体表明了,通过语言表明了,通过身体和语言表明了,清净就算给予了。如果既没有通过身体表明,也没有通过语言表明,也没有通过身体和语言表明,清净就不算给予。如果能以这种方式完成,那是好的。如果不能这样,诸比丘,应该用床或椅子把那位生病的比丘抬到僧团中间,然后再举行布萨。诸比丘,如果照顾病人的诸比丘这样想:“如果我们把病人从原位移动,他的病情可能会加重,或者他会死亡。”那么,诸比丘,就不应该移动那位生病的比丘。应该由僧团去到那里举行布萨。但绝不能由一个别众的僧团来举行布萨。如果这样做了,就犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘sannipatatha, bhikkhave, saṅgho uposathaṃ karissatī’’ti. Evaṃ vutte aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi, bhante, bhikkhu gilāno, so anāgato’’ti. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānena bhikkhunā pārisuddhiṃ dātuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, dātabbā – tena gilānena bhikkhunā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘pārisuddhiṃ dammi, pārisuddhiṃ me hara, pārisuddhiṃ me ārocehī’’ti. Kāyena viññāpeti, vācāya viññāpeti, kāyena vācāya viññāpeti, dinnā hoti pārisuddhi. Na kāyena viññāpeti, na vācāya viññāpeti, na kāyena vācāya viññāpeti, na dinnā hoti pārisuddhi. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce labhetha, so, bhikkhave, gilāno bhikkhu mañcena vā pīṭhena vā saṅghamajjhe ānetvā uposatho kātabbo. Sace, bhikkhave, gilānupaṭṭhākānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘‘sace kho mayaṃ gilānaṃ ṭhānā cāvessāma, ābādho vā abhivaḍḍhissati kālaṃkiriyā vā bhavissatī’’ti, na, bhikkhave, gilāno bhikkhu ṭhānā cāvetabbo. Saṅghena tattha gantvā uposatho kātabbo. Na tveva vaggena saṅghena uposatho kātabbo. Kareyya ce, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
诸比丘,如果传达清净的人在接到所给予的清净后,就在当地离开了,那么清净应该委托给另一个人。诸比丘,如果传达清净的人在接到所给予的清净后,就在当地还俗了……乃至……去世了——或者他承认自己是沙马内拉——他承认自己是放弃学处者——他承认自己犯了极重罪——他承认自己是疯癫者——他承认自己是精神错乱者——他承认自己是受剧痛折磨者——他承认自己是因为不承认犯戒而被举罪者——他承认自己是因为不忏悔犯戒而被举罪者——他承认自己是因为不舍弃恶见而被举罪者——他承认自己是黄门——他承认自己是贼住者——他承认自己是投靠外道者——他承认自己是畜生——他承认自己是杀母者——他承认自己是杀父者——他承认自己是杀阿拉汉者——他承认自己是玷污比丘尼者——他承认自己是分裂僧团者——他承认自己是出佛身血者——他承认自己是两性人,那么清净应该委托给另一个人。显示巴利原文
Pārisuddhihārako ce, bhikkhave, dinnāya pārisuddhiyā tattheva pakkamati, aññassa dātabbā pārisuddhi. Pārisuddhihārako ce, bhikkhave, dinnāya pārisuddhiyā tattheva vibbhamati,…pe… kālaṃ karoti – sāmaṇero paṭijānāti – sikkhaṃ paccakkhātako paṭijānāti – antimavatthuṃ ajjhāpannako paṭijānāti – ummattako paṭijānāti – khittacitto paṭijānāti – vedanāṭṭo paṭijānāti – āpattiyā adassane ukkhittako paṭijānāti – āpattiyā appaṭikamme ukkhittako paṭijānāti – pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā appaṭinissagge ukkhittako paṭijānāti – paṇḍako paṭijānāti – theyyasaṃvāsako paṭijānāti – titthiyapakkantako paṭijānāti – tiracchānagato paṭijānāti – mātughātako paṭijānāti – pitughātako paṭijānāti – arahantaghātako paṭijānāti – bhikkhunidūsako paṭijānāti – saṅghabhedako paṭijānāti – lohituppādako paṭijānāti – ubhatobyañjanako paṭijānāti, aññassa dātabbā pārisuddhi.
诸比丘,如果传达清净的人在接到所给予的清净后,在途中离开了,那么清净就没有被传达到。诸比丘,如果传达清净的人在接到所给予的清净后,在途中还俗了……乃至……他承认自己是两性人,那么清净就没有被传达到。显示巴利原文
Pārisuddhihārako ce, bhikkhave, dinnāya pārisuddhiyā antarāmagge pakkamati, anāhaṭā hoti pārisuddhi. Pārisuddhihārako ce, bhikkhave, dinnāya pārisuddhiyā antarāmagge vibbhamati,…pe… ubhatobyañjanako paṭijānāti, anāhaṭā hoti pārisuddhi.
诸比丘,如果传达清净的人在接到所给予的清净后,到达了僧团之后才离开,那么清净就算被传达到了。诸比丘,如果传达清净的人在接到所给予的清净后,到达了僧团之后还俗了……乃至……他承认自己是两性人,那么清净就算被传达到了。显示巴利原文
Pārisuddhihārako ce, bhikkhave, dinnāya pārisuddhiyā saṅghappatto pakkamati, āhaṭā hoti pārisuddhi. Pārisuddhihārako ce, bhikkhave, dinnāya pārisuddhiyā saṅghappatto vibbhamati,…pe… ubhatobyañjanako paṭijānāti, āhaṭā hoti pārisuddhi.
诸比丘,如果传达清净的人在接到所给予的清净后,到达了僧团,却因为睡着了而没有宣告,因为心不在焉而没有宣告,因为入了定而没有宣告,那么清净也算被传达到了。传达清净的人没有过失。显示巴利原文
Pārisuddhihārako ce, bhikkhave, dinnāya pārisuddhiyā saṅghappatto sutto na āroceti, pamatto na āroceti, samāpanno na āroceti, āhaṭā hoti pārisuddhi. Pārisuddhihārakassa anāpatti.
诸比丘,如果传达清净的人在接到所给予的清净后,到达了僧团,却故意不宣告,那么清净也算被传达到了。但是,传达清净的人犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Pārisuddhihārako ce, bhikkhave , dinnāya pārisuddhiyā saṅghappatto sañcicca na āroceti, āhaṭā hoti pārisuddhi. Pārisuddhihārakassa āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
88. 给予欲论显示巴利原文
88. Chandadānakathā
165 那时,世尊对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,集合吧,僧团将举行羯磨。”这话说完后,有一位比丘对世尊这样说:“尊者,有一位生病的比丘,他没来。”我允许,诸比丘,生病的比丘可以给予欲。而诸比丘,应该这样给:那位生病的比丘应该走到一位比丘跟前,把上衣搭在一肩,蹲坐下来,合掌,然后对他这样说:“我给予欲,请为我传达欲,请为我宣告欲。”如果通过身体表明了,通过语言表明了,通过身体和语言表明了,欲就算给予了。如果既没有通过身体表明,也没有通过语言表明,也没有通过身体和语言表明,欲就不算给予。如果能以这种方式完成,那是好的。如果不能这样,诸比丘,应该用床或椅子把那位生病的比丘抬到僧团中间,然后再举行羯磨。诸比丘,如果照顾病人的诸比丘这样想:“如果我们把病人从原位移动,他的病情可能会加重,或者他会死亡。”那么,诸比丘,就不应该移动那位生病的比丘。应该由僧团去到那里举行羯磨。但绝不能由一个别众的僧团来举行羯磨。如果这样做了,就犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘sannipatatha, bhikkhave, saṅgho kammaṃ karissatī’’ti . Evaṃ vutte aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi, bhante, bhikkhu gilāno, so anāgato’’ti. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānena bhikkhunā chandaṃ dātuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, dātabbo. Tena gilānena bhikkhunā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘chandaṃ dammi, chandaṃ me hara, chandaṃ me ārocehī’’ti. Kāyena viññāpeti, vācāya viññāpeti, kāyena vācāya viññāpeti, dinno hoti chando. Na kāyena viññāpeti, na vācāya viññāpeti, na kāyena vācāya viññāpeti, na dinno hoti chando. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce labhetha, so, bhikkhave , gilāno bhikkhu mañcena vā pīṭhena vā saṅghamajjhe ānetvā kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Sace, bhikkhave, gilānupaṭṭhākānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘‘sace kho mayaṃ gilānaṃ ṭhānā cāvessāma, ābādho vā abhivaḍḍhissati kālaṃkiriyā vā bhavissatī’’ti, na, bhikkhave, gilāno bhikkhu ṭhānā cāvetabbo. Saṅghena tattha gantvā kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Na tveva vaggena saṅghena kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Kareyya ce, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
诸比丘,如果传达欲的人在接到所给予的欲后,就在当地离开了,那么欲应该委托给另一个人。诸比丘,如果传达欲的人在接到所给予的欲后,就在当地还俗了……乃至……去世了——或者他承认自己是沙马内拉——他承认自己是放弃学处者——他承认自己犯了极重罪——他承认自己是疯癫者——他承认自己是精神错乱者——他承认自己是受剧痛折磨者——他承认自己是因为不承认犯戒而被举罪者——他承认自己是因为不忏悔犯戒而被举罪者——他承认自己是因为不舍弃恶见而被举罪者——他承认自己是黄门——他承认自己是贼住者——他承认自己是投靠外道者——他承认自己是畜生——他承认自己是杀母者——他承认自己是杀父者——他承认自己是杀阿拉汉者——他承认自己是玷污比丘尼者——他承认自己是分裂僧团者——他承认自己是出佛身血者——他承认自己是两性人,那么欲应该委托给另一个人。显示巴利原文
Chandahārako ce, bhikkhave, dinne chande tattheva pakkamati, aññassa dātabbo chando. Chandahārako ce, bhikkhave, dinne chande tattheva vibbhamati…pe… kālaṃkaroti – sāmaṇero paṭijānāti – sikkhaṃ paccakkhātako paṭijānāti – antimavatthuṃ ajjhāpannako paṭijānāti – ummattako paṭijānāti – khittacitto paṭijānāti – vedanāṭṭo paṭijānāti – āpattiyā adassane ukkhittako paṭijānāti – āpattiyā appaṭikamme ukkhittako paṭijānāti – pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā appaṭinissagge ukkhittako paṭijānāti – paṇḍako paṭijānāti – theyyasaṃvāsako paṭijānāti – titthiyapakkantako paṭijānāti – tiracchānagato paṭijānāti – mātughātako paṭijānāti – pitughātako paṭijānāti – arahantaghātako paṭijānāti – bhikkhunidūsako paṭijānāti – saṅghabhedako paṭijānāti – lohituppādako paṭijānāti – ubhatobyañjanako paṭijānāti, aññassa dātabbo chando.
诸比丘,如果持欲者——在把欲交给他之后——在中途离开了,那么这个欲就没有被带到。诸比丘,如果持欲者——在把欲交给他之后——在中途还俗了……(中略)……承认自己是双性人,那么这个欲就没有被带到。显示巴利原文
Chandahārako ce, bhikkhave, dinne chande antarāmagge pakkamati, anāhaṭo hoti chando. Chandahārako ce, bhikkhave, dinne chande antarāmagge vibbhamati…pe… ubhatobyañjanako paṭijānāti, anāhaṭo hoti chando.
诸比丘,如果持欲者——在把欲交给他之后——到达了僧团才离开,那么这个欲已经被带到了。诸比丘,如果持欲者——在把欲交给他之后——到达了僧团才还俗……(中略)……到达了僧团才承认自己是双性人,那么这个欲已经被带到了。显示巴利原文
Chandahārako ce, bhikkhave, dinne chande saṅghappatto pakkamati, āhaṭo hoti chando. Chandahārako ce, bhikkhave, dinne chande saṅghappatto vibbhamati…pe… ubhatobyañjanako paṭijānāti, āhaṭo hoti chando.
诸比丘,如果持欲者——在把欲交给他之后——到达了僧团,但因为睡着了而没有报告,因为放逸而没有报告,因为入定而没有报告,那么这个欲也已经被带到了。持欲者没有犯过。显示巴利原文
Chandahārako ce, bhikkhave, dinne chande saṅghappatto sutto na āroceti, pamatto na āroceti, samāpanno na āroceti, āhaṭo hoti chando. Chandahārakassa anāpatti.
诸比丘,如果持欲者——在把欲交给他之后——到达了僧团,却故意不报告,那么这个欲也已经被带到了。但是持欲者犯了恶作的罪过。诸比丘,我允许在布萨当天,在给予清净的同时也给予欲,并告知‘僧团有需要处理的事务’。显示巴利原文
Chandahārako ce, bhikkhave, dinne chande saṅghappatto sañcicca na āroceti, āhaṭo hoti chando. Chandahārakassa āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe pārisuddhiṃ dentena chandampi dātuṃ, santi saṅghassa karaṇīyanti.
89. 取亲属等论显示巴利原文
89. Ñātakādiggahaṇakathā
166 就在那个时候,有一位比丘在布萨当天被亲属们扣留了。他们把这件事报告给了世尊。显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ tadahuposathe ñātakā gaṇhiṃsuṃ. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ.
诸比丘,在此,如果有比丘在布萨当天被亲属们扣留了。那些亲属应该被诸比丘这样告知:‘来吧,诸位尊者,请将这位比丘暂时释放片刻,等这位比丘做完布萨为止。’如果能这样做,那就很好。如果不能这样做,那些亲属应该被诸比丘这样告知:‘来吧,诸位尊者,请你们暂时退到一边去片刻,等这位比丘给予清净为止。’如果能这样做,那就很好。如果不能这样做,那些亲属应该被诸比丘这样告知:‘来吧,诸位尊者,请你们把这位比丘暂时带离界外片刻,等僧团做完布萨为止。’如果能这样做,那就很好。如果不能这样做,那么,这个布萨绝对不能由一个分裂的僧团来做。如果做了,就犯恶作的罪过。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ tadahuposathe ñātakā gaṇhanti. Te ñātakā bhikkhūhi evamassu vacanīyā – ‘‘iṅgha, tumhe āyasmanto imaṃ bhikkhuṃ muhuttaṃ muñcatha, yāvāyaṃ bhikkhu uposathaṃ karotī’’ti. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce labhetha, te ñātakā bhikkhūhi evamassu vacanīyā – ‘‘iṅgha, tumhe āyasmanto muhuttaṃ ekamantaṃ hotha, yāvāyaṃ bhikkhu pārisuddhiṃ detī’’ti. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce labhetha, te ñātakā bhikkhūhi evamassu vacanīyā – ‘‘iṅgha, tumhe āyasmanto imaṃ bhikkhuṃ muhuttaṃ nissīmaṃ netha, yāva saṅgho uposathaṃ karotī’’ti. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce labhetha, na tveva vaggena saṅghena uposatho kātabbo. Kareyya ce, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
诸比丘,在此,如果有比丘在布萨当天被国王们扣留了……(中略)……被盗贼们扣留了——被恶棍们扣留了——被比丘的敌对者扣留了。那些比丘的敌对者应该被诸比丘这样告知:‘来吧,诸位尊者,请将这位比丘暂时释放片刻,等这位比丘做完布萨为止。’如果能这样做,那就很好。如果不能这样做,那些比丘的敌对者应该被诸比丘这样告知:‘来吧,诸位尊者,请你们暂时退到一边去片刻,等这位比丘给予清净为止。’如果能这样做,那就很好。如果不能这样做,那些比丘的敌对者应该被诸比丘这样告知:‘来吧,诸位尊者,请你们把这位比丘暂时带离界外片刻,等僧团做完布萨为止。’如果能这样做,那就很好。如果不能这样做,那么,这个布萨绝对不能由一个分裂的僧团来做。如果做了,就犯恶作的罪过。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ tadahuposathe rājāno gaṇhanti,…pe… corā gaṇhanti – dhuttā gaṇhanti – bhikkhupaccatthikā gaṇhanti, te bhikkhupaccatthikā bhikkhūhi evamassu vacanīyā – ‘‘iṅgha, tumhe āyasmanto imaṃ bhikkhuṃ muhuttaṃ muñcatha, yāvāyaṃ bhikkhu uposathaṃ karotī’’ti. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce labhetha, te bhikkhupaccatthikā bhikkhūhi evamassu vacanīyā – ‘‘iṅgha, tumhe āyasmanto muhuttaṃ ekamantaṃ hotha, yāvāyaṃ bhikkhu pārisuddhiṃ detī’’ti. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce labhetha, te bhikkhupaccatthikā bhikkhūhi evamassu vacanīyā – ‘‘iṅgha, tumhe āyasmanto imaṃ bhikkhuṃ muhuttaṃ nissīmaṃ netha, yāva saṅgho uposathaṃ karotī’’ti. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce labhetha, na tveva vaggena saṅghena uposatho kātabbo. Kareyya ce, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
90. 疯狂者决议显示巴利原文
90. Ummattakasammuti
167 于是,世尊对诸比丘说:‘集合吧,诸比丘,僧团有需要处理的事务。’听了这话,某一位比丘对世尊说:‘尊者,有一位名叫伽伽的比丘,他精神失常了,他没有到。’显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘sannipatatha, bhikkhave, atthi saṅghassa karaṇīya’’nti. Evaṃ vutte aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi, bhante, gaggo nāma bhikkhu ummattako, so anāgato’’ti.
“诸比丘,有两种精神失常者:有一种精神失常的比丘,有时记得布萨,有时不记得;有时记得僧团事务,有时不记得;有时来参加布萨,有时不来;有时来参加僧团事务,有时不来。还有一种,完全不记得,也完全不来。诸比丘,对于那有时记得布萨、有时不记得,有时记得僧团事务、有时不记得,有时来参加布萨、有时不来,有时来参加僧团事务、有时不来的精神失常者,我允许僧团给予他‘精神失常者认可’。诸比丘,应当这样给予:应由一位能干、胜任的比丘来宣告僧团:”显示巴利原文
‘‘Dveme, bhikkhave, ummattakā – atthi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ummattako saratipi uposathaṃ napi sarati, saratipi saṅghakammaṃ napi sarati, atthi neva sarati; āgacchatipi uposathaṃ napi āgacchati, āgacchatipi saṅghakammaṃ napi āgacchati, atthi neva āgacchati. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ ummattako saratipi uposathaṃ napi sarati, saratipi saṅghakammaṃ napi sarati, āgacchatipi uposathaṃ napi āgacchati, āgacchatipi saṅghakammaṃ napi āgacchati, anujānāmi, bhikkhave, evarūpassa ummattakassa ummattakasammuttiṃ dātuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, dātabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
“尊者,请僧团听我说。伽伽比丘有精神失常的情况——他有时记得布萨,有时不记得;有时记得僧团事务,有时不记得;有时来参加布萨,有时不来;有时来参加僧团事务,有时不来。如果僧团认为时机合适,僧团应给予伽伽比丘这位精神失常者‘精神失常者认可’。无论伽伽比丘记得布萨还是不记得,无论他记得僧团事务还是不记得,无论他来参加布萨还是不来,无论他来参加僧团事务还是不来,僧团都可以在有伽伽或没有伽伽的情况下举行布萨,处理僧团事务。这是动议。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Gaggo bhikkhu ummattako – saratipi uposathaṃ napi sarati, saratipi saṅghakammaṃ napi sarati, āgacchatipi uposathaṃ napi āgacchati, āgacchatipi saṅghakammaṃ napi āgacchati. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho gaggassa bhikkhuno ummattakassa ummattakasammutiṃ dadeyya. Sareyya vā gaggo bhikkhu uposathaṃ na vā sareyya, sareyya vā saṅghakammaṃ na vā sareyya, āgaccheyya vā uposathaṃ na vā āgaccheyya, āgaccheyya vā saṅghakammaṃ na vā āgaccheyya, saṅgho saha vā gaggena vinā vā gaggena uposathaṃ kareyya, saṅghakammaṃ kareyya. Esā ñatti.
“尊者,请僧团听我说。伽伽比丘有精神失常的情况——他有时记得布萨,有时不记得;有时记得僧团事务,有时不记得;有时来参加布萨,有时不来;有时来参加僧团事务,有时不来。僧团给予伽伽比丘这位精神失常者‘精神失常者认可’。无论伽伽比丘记得布萨还是不记得,无论他记得僧团事务还是不记得,无论他来参加布萨还是不来,无论他来参加僧团事务还是不来,僧团都将在有伽伽或没有伽伽的情况下举行布萨,处理僧团事务。哪位尊者赞同给予伽伽比丘这位精神失常者‘精神失常者认可’——即无论伽伽比丘记得布萨还是不记得,记得僧团事务还是不记得,来参加布萨还是不来,来参加僧团事务还是不来,僧团都将在有伽伽或没有伽伽的情况下举行布萨,处理僧团事务,请保持沉默。哪位不赞同,请说出。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Gaggo bhikkhu ummattako – saratipi uposathaṃ napi sarati, saratipi saṅghakammaṃ napi sarati, āgacchatipi uposathaṃ napi āgacchati, āgacchatipi saṅghakammaṃ napi āgacchati. Saṅgho gaggassa bhikkhuno ummattakassa ummattakasammutiṃ deti. Sareyya vā gaggo bhikkhu uposathaṃ na vā sareyya, sareyya vā saṅghakammaṃ na vā sareyyaṃ, āgaccheyya vā uposathaṃ na vā āgaccheyya, āgaccheyya vā saṅghakammaṃ na vā āgaccheyya, saṅgho saha vā gaggena, vinā vā gaggena uposathaṃ karissati, saṅghakammaṃ karissati. Yassāyasmato khamati gaggassa bhikkhuno ummattakassa ummattakasammutiyā dānaṃ – sareyya vā gaggo bhikkhu uposathaṃ na vā sareyya, sareyya vā saṅghakammaṃ na vā sareyya, āgaccheyya vā uposathaṃ na vā āgaccheyya, āgaccheyya vā saṅghakammaṃ na vā āgaccheyya, saṅgho saha vā gaggena, vinā vā gaggena uposathaṃ karissati, saṅghakammaṃ karissati, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
“僧团已经给予伽伽比丘这位精神失常者‘精神失常者认可’。无论伽伽比丘记得布萨还是不记得,无论他记得僧团事务还是不记得,无论他来参加布萨还是不来,无论他来参加僧团事务还是不来,僧团都将在有伽伽或没有伽伽的情况下举行布萨,处理僧团事务。僧团对此认同,因此保持沉默。这件事,我这样记录下来。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Dinnā saṅghena gaggassa bhikkhuno ummattakassa ummattakasammuti. Sareyya vā gaggo bhikkhu uposathaṃ na vā sareyya, sareyya vā saṅghakammaṃ na vā sareyya, āgaccheyya vā uposathaṃ na vā āgaccheyya, āgaccheyya vā saṅghakammaṃ na vā āgaccheyya, saṅgho saha vā gaggena vinā vā gaggena uposathaṃ karissati, saṅghakammaṃ karissati. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.
91. 僧布萨等分别显示巴利原文
91. Saṅghuposathādippabhedaṃ
168 那时,在一个住处,布萨日那天有四位比丘居住。那些比丘心里想:“世尊已经规定‘应当行布萨’,而我们只有四个人,我们应当如何行布萨呢?”他们把这件事告诉了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许四个人诵巴帝摩卡。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe cattāro bhikkhū viharanti. Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavatā paññattaṃ ‘uposatho kātabbo’ti, mayañcamhā cattāro janā, kathaṃ nu kho amhehi uposatho kātabbo’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisitunti.
那时,在一个住处,布萨日那天有三位比丘居住。那些比丘心里想:“世尊允许四个人诵巴帝摩卡,而我们只有三个人,我们应当如何行布萨呢?”他们把这件事告诉了世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,我允许三个人行‘清净布萨’。诸比丘,应当这样行:应由一位能干、胜任的比丘来告知那些比丘——”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe tayo bhikkhū viharanti. Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavatā anuññātaṃ catunnaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ, mayañcamhā tayo janā, kathaṃ nu kho amhehi uposatho kātabbo’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tiṇṇaṃ pārisuddhiuposathaṃ kātuṃ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, kātabbo. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena te bhikkhū ñāpetabbā –
“请尊者们听我说。今天是十五日的布萨。如果尊者们觉得时机合适,我们相互之间应行清净布萨。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇantu me āyasmantā. Ajjuposatho pannaraso. Yadāyasmantānaṃ pattakallaṃ, mayaṃ aññamaññaṃ pārisuddhiuposathaṃ kareyyāmā’’ti.
长老比丘应把上衣搭在一肩,蹲下身,合起双掌,然后这样对那些比丘说:“贤友,我是清净的,请记住我是清净的。贤友,我是清净的,请记住我是清净的。贤友,我是清净的,请记住我是清净的。”显示巴利原文
Therena bhikkhunā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā te bhikkhū evamassu vacanīyā – ‘‘parisuddho ahaṃ, āvuso; parisuddhoti maṃ dhāretha. Parisuddho ahaṃ, āvuso; parisuddhoti maṃ dhāretha. Parisuddho ahaṃ, āvuso; parisuddhoti maṃ dhārethā’’ti.
新学比丘应偏袒右肩,蹲坐,合掌,然后对诸位比丘这样说:‘尊者,我是清净的;请记我为清净。尊者,我是清净的;请记我为清净。尊者,我是清净的;请记我为清净。’显示巴利原文
Navakena bhikkhunā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā te bhikkhū evamassu vacanīyā – ‘‘parisuddho ahaṃ, bhante; parisuddhoti maṃ dhāretha. Parisuddho ahaṃ, bhante; parisuddhoti maṃ dhāretha. Parisuddho ahaṃ, bhante; parisuddhoti maṃ dhārethā’’ti.
就在那时,在某住处有两位比丘在布萨日共住。这时,那两位比丘心想:‘世尊已允许四人诵巴帝摩卡,三人行清净布萨。而我们只有两人,我们该怎样行布萨呢?’他们就把这件事报告了世尊。‘诸比丘,允许两人行清净布萨。诸比丘,应该这样做:由长老比丘偏袒右肩,蹲坐,合掌,对新学比丘这样说:“贤友,我是清净的;请记我为清净。贤友,我是清净的;请记我为清净。贤友,我是清净的;请记我为清净。”’显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe dve bhikkhū viharanti. Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavatā anuññātaṃ catunnaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ, tiṇṇannaṃ pārisuddhiuposathaṃ kātuṃ. Mayañcamhā dve janā. Kathaṃ nu kho amhehi uposatho kātabbo’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, dvinnaṃ pārisuddhiuposathaṃ kātuṃ . Evañca pana, bhikkhave, kātabbo. Therena bhikkhunā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā navo bhikkhu evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘parisuddho ahaṃ, āvuso; parisuddhoti maṃ dhārehi. Parisuddho ahaṃ, āvuso; parisuddhoti maṃ dhārehi. Parisuddho ahaṃ, āvuso; parisuddhoti maṃ dhārehī’’ti.
新学比丘应偏袒右肩,蹲坐,合掌,对长老比丘这样说:‘尊者,我是清净的;请记我为清净。尊者,我是清净的;请记我为清净。尊者,我是清净的;请记我为清净。’显示巴利原文
Navakena bhikkhunā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā thero bhikkhu evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘parisuddho ahaṃ, bhante; parisuddhoti maṃ dhāretha. Parisuddho ahaṃ, bhante; parisuddhoti maṃ dhāretha. Parisuddho ahaṃ, bhante; parisuddhoti maṃ dhārethā’’ti.
就在那时,在某住处有只有一位比丘在布萨日独住。这时,这位比丘心想:‘世尊已允许四人诵巴帝摩卡,三人行清净布萨,两人行清净布萨。而我只有一个人,我该怎样行布萨呢?’他就把这件事报告了世尊。‘诸比丘,在这里,如果某个住处在布萨日只有一位比丘独住,诸比丘,这位比丘应该把诸比丘平日回去的地方——不论是集会堂、凉亭还是树下——打扫干净,准备好饮用水和使用水,铺设座位,点亮灯火,然后坐下。如果有其他比丘前来,就和他们一起行布萨。如果没有来,应决意:“今天是我的布萨日。”如果不这样决意,就会犯恶作。’显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe eko bhikkhu viharati. Atha kho tassa bhikkhuno etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavatā anuññātaṃ catunnaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddisituṃ, tiṇṇannaṃ pārisuddhiuposathaṃ kātuṃ, dvinnaṃ pārisuddhiuposathaṃ kātuṃ. Ahañcamhi ekako. Kathaṃ nu kho mayā uposatho kātabbo’’ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe eko bhikkhu viharati. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā yattha bhikkhū paṭikkamanti upaṭṭhānasālāya vā, maṇḍape vā, rukkhamūle vā, so deso sammajjitvā pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā āsanaṃ paññapetvā padīpaṃ katvā nisīditabbaṃ. Sace aññe bhikkhū āgacchanti, tehi saddhiṃ uposatho kātabbo. No ce āgacchanti, ajja me uposathoti adhiṭṭhātabbo. No ce adhiṭṭhaheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
诸比丘,在那些四人共住的地方,不应该把一位比丘的清净带来后由三人诵巴帝摩卡。如果这样诵,就会犯恶作。诸比丘,在那些三人共住的地方,不应该把一位比丘的清净带来后由两人行清净布萨。如果这样行,就会犯恶作。诸比丘,在那些两人共住的地方,不应该把一位比丘的清净带来后由另一人决意。如果这样决意,就会犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Tatra, bhikkhave, yattha cattāro bhikkhū viharanti, na ekassa pārisuddhiṃ āharitvā tīhi pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Uddiseyyuṃ ce, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Tatra, bhikkhave, yattha tayo bhikkhū viharanti, na ekassa pārisuddhiṃ āharitvā dvīhi pārisuddhiuposatho kātabbo. Kareyyuṃ ce, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Tatra, bhikkhave, yattha dve bhikkhū viharanti, na ekassa pārisuddhiṃ āharitvā ekena adhiṭṭhātabbo. Adhiṭṭhaheyya ce, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
92. 罪对治法显示巴利原文
92. Āpattipaṭikammavidhi
169 就在那时,有位比丘在布萨日犯了戒。这时,这位比丘心想:‘世尊已规定:犯戒者不应行布萨。而我犯了戒。我该怎么办呢?’他们就把这件事报告了世尊。‘诸比丘,在这里,如果有比丘在布萨日犯了戒,诸比丘,这位比丘应去到一位比丘面前,偏袒右肩,蹲坐,合掌,对他这样说:“贤友,我犯了某某戒,我发露它。”那位比丘应问他:“你见到了吗?”回答:“我见到了。”他再说:“未来应防护它。”’显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu tadahuposathe āpattiṃ āpanno hoti. Atha kho tassa bhikkhuno etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavatā paññattaṃ ‘na sāpattikena uposatho kātabbo’ti. Ahañcamhi āpattiṃ āpanno. Kathaṃ nu kho mayā paṭipajjitabba’’nti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tadahuposathe āpattiṃ āpanno hoti. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘ahaṃ, āvuso, itthannāmaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno, taṃ paṭidesemī’’ti. Tena vattabbo – ‘‘passasī’’ti. ‘‘Āma passāmī’’ti. ‘‘Āyatiṃ saṃvareyyāsī’’ti.
‘诸比丘,在这里,如果有比丘在布萨日对某罪有疑惑,诸比丘,这位比丘应去到一位比丘面前,偏袒右肩,蹲坐,合掌,对他这样说:“贤友,我对某某罪有疑惑;等到我没有疑惑时,我会再如法处理那条罪。”’说完之后,可以行布萨,可以听诵巴帝摩卡;而不应只因为这种疑惑,就造成布萨的障碍。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tadahuposathe āpattiyā vematiko hoti. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘ahaṃ, āvuso, itthannāmāya āpattiyā vematiko; yadā nibbematiko bhavissāmi, tadā taṃ āpattiṃ paṭikarissāmī’’ti vatvā uposatho kātabbo, pātimokkhaṃ sotabbaṃ, na tveva tappaccayā uposathassa antarāyo kātabboti.
就在那时,六群比丘在发露同类的罪。他们就把这件事报告了世尊。‘诸比丘,不应该发露同类的罪。如果这样发露,就会犯恶作。’显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sabhāgaṃ āpattiṃ desenti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, sabhāgā āpatti desetabbā. Yo deseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
那时,恰好六群比丘接受同分的罪过。诸比丘把这件事报告给世尊。世尊说:“诸比丘,不应该接受同分的罪。如果接受,犯恶作。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sabhāgaṃ āpattiṃ paṭiggaṇhanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Na, bhikkhave, sabhāgā āpatti paṭiggahetabbā. Yo paṭiggaṇheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassāti.
93. 罪不作法显示巴利原文
93. Āpattiāvikaraṇavidhi
170 那时,恰好有一位比丘在诵巴帝摩卡的时候,想起了自己犯的罪过。于是,这位比丘心里想:“世尊规定‘有罪者不应进行布萨’。而我犯了罪过。我到底该怎么做呢?”诸比丘把这件事报告给世尊。显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu pātimokkhe uddissamāne āpattiṃ sarati. Atha kho tassa bhikkhuno etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavatā paññattaṃ ‘na sāpattikena uposatho kātabbo’ti. Ahañcamhi āpattiṃ āpanno. Kathaṃ nu kho mayā paṭipajjitabba’’nti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ.
诸比丘,现在,假设一位比丘在诵巴帝摩卡的时候,想起了自己犯的罪过。诸比丘,这位比丘应该对邻近的比丘这样说:“贤友,我犯了某某罪过。等从这里离开后,我会忏除那个罪过。”这样说了之后,应该进行布萨,应该听巴帝摩卡,而绝不能因此就阻碍布萨。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pātimokkhe uddissamāne āpattiṃ sarati. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā sāmanto bhikkhu evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘ahaṃ, āvuso, itthannāmaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno. Ito vuṭṭhahitvā taṃ āpattiṃ paṭikarissāmī’’ti vatvā uposatho kātabbo, pātimokkhaṃ sotabbaṃ, na tveva tappaccayā uposathassa antarāyo kātabbo.
诸比丘,现在,假设一位比丘在诵巴帝摩卡的时候,对于罪过心存疑惑。诸比丘,这位比丘应该对邻近的比丘这样说:“贤友,我对某某罪过心存疑惑。等到我无疑惑的时候,我会忏除那个罪过。”这样说了之后,应该进行布萨,应该听巴帝摩卡,而绝不能因此就阻碍布萨。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pātimokkhe uddissamāne āpattiyā vematiko hoti. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā sāmanto bhikkhu evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘ahaṃ, āvuso, itthannāmāya āpattiyā vematiko. Yadā nibbematiko bhavissāmi, tadā taṃ āpattiṃ paṭikarissāmī’’ti vatvā uposatho kātabbo, pātimokkhaṃ sotabbaṃ; na tveva tappaccayā uposathassa antarāyo kātabboti.
94. 同类罪对治法显示巴利原文
94. Sabhāgāpattipaṭikammavidhi
171 那时,恰好在一个住处,在布萨当天,全体僧团都犯了同分的罪过。于是,那些比丘心里想:“世尊规定‘不应向他人发露同分的罪,也不应接受他人同分的罪’。而这个全体僧团都犯了同分的罪。我们到底该怎么做呢?”他们就把这件事报告给世尊。显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sabbo saṅgho sabhāgaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno hoti. Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘bhagavatā paññattaṃ ‘na sabhāgā āpatti desetabbā, na sabhāgā āpatti paṭiggahetabbā’ti . Ayañca sabbo saṅgho sabhāgaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno. Kathaṃ nu kho amhehi paṭipajjitabba’’nti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ.
诸比丘,现在,假设在一个住处,在布萨当天,全体僧团都犯了同分的罪过。诸比丘,那些比丘应该立刻派一位比丘到邻近的住处去,并对他说:‘贤友,你去忏除了那个罪过再回来;我们会在你跟前忏除罪过。’如果能这样办到,那很好。如果办不到,就应该由一位有能力、能干的比丘向僧团宣告:显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sabbo saṅgho sabhāgaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno hoti. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi eko bhikkhu sāmantā āvāsā sajjukaṃ pāhetabbo – gacchāvuso, taṃ āpattiṃ paṭikaritvā āgaccha; mayaṃ te santike āpattiṃ paṭikarissāmāti. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce labhetha, byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
‘尊者们,请僧团听我说。这个全体僧团都犯了同分的罪过。等到我们看见另一位清净、无罪的比丘时,将会在他跟前忏除那个罪过。’这样宣告之后,应该进行布萨,应该诵巴帝摩卡,而绝不能因此就阻碍布萨。显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ sabbo saṅgho sabhāgaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno. Yadā aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ suddhaṃ anāpattikaṃ passissati, tadā tassa santike taṃ āpattiṃ paṭikarissatī’’ti vatvā uposatho kātabbo, pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ, na tveva tappaccayā uposathassa antarāyo kātabbo.
诸比丘,现在,假设在一个住处,在布萨当天,全体僧团对同分的罪过都心存疑惑。应该由一位有能力、能干的比丘向僧团宣告:显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sabbo saṅgho sabhāgāya āpattiyā vematiko hoti. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –
“尊者,请僧团听我说明。这个僧团全体,对同种类的罪,存有疑惑。等没有了疑惑的时候,那时,再处理那个罪吧。”这样说了之后,可以举行布萨,可以诵巴帝摩卡。但是,绝不应该以此为理由,障碍布萨的进行。显示巴利原文
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṃ sabbo saṅgho sabhāgāya āpattiyā vematiko. Yadā nibbematiko bhavissati, tadā taṃ āpattiṃ paṭikarissatī’’ti vatvā uposatho kātabbo, pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ; na tveva tappaccayā uposathassa antarāyo kātabbo.
这里,诸比丘,在某住处,入雨安居的僧团,犯了同种类的罪。诸比丘,那些比丘应该立即派遣一位比丘到邻近的住处,告诉他:“朋友,去吧,处理了那项罪再回来;我们会在你面前,处理那项罪。”如果能这样做,那很好。如果不能,则应派遣一位比丘去,以七天为限,告诉他:“朋友,去吧,处理了那项罪再回来;我们会在你面前,处理那项罪。”显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse vassūpagato saṅgho sabhāgaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno hoti. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi eko bhikkhu sāmantā āvāsā sajjukaṃ pāhetabbo – gacchāvuso, taṃ āpattiṃ paṭikaritvā āgaccha; mayaṃ te santike taṃ āpattiṃ paṭikarissāmāti. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce labhetha, eko bhikkhu sattāhakālikaṃ pāhetabbo – gacchāvuso, taṃ āpattiṃ paṭikaritvā āgaccha; mayaṃ te santike taṃ āpattiṃ paṭikarissāmāti.
那时,在某住处,整个僧团犯了同种类的罪。但他们不知道那项罪的名称和种类。这时,来了一位其他比丘,他多闻、通晓经教、持法者、持律者、持本母者,贤明、聪慧、有智慧、有惭耻心、有追悔心、乐于学。某位比丘就去到那位比丘那里,对那位比丘这样说:“朋友,如果做了如此这般的事,那是犯了什么罪呢?”他这样说:“朋友,如果做了如此这般的事,那就犯了这个名字的罪。朋友,你犯了这个名字的罪,处理那个罪吧。”那位比丘这样说:“朋友,不是我一个人犯了这项罪,这整个僧团都犯了这项罪。”他又这样说:“朋友,他人是有罪还是无罪,跟你有什么关系。来吧,朋友,你就只从自己的罪中出离吧。”于是,那位比丘听从了那位比丘的话,处理了那项罪之后,再去到那些比丘那里,对他们这样说:“朋友们,听说如果做了如此这般的事,那就犯了这个名字的罪。朋友们,你们犯了这个名字的罪,处理那项罪吧。”但那些比丘们,不愿意听从那位比丘的话去处理那项罪。他们就把这件事报告给世尊。显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṃ āvāse sabbo saṅgho sabhāgaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno hoti. So na jānāti tassā āpattiyā nāmagottaṃ. Tattha añño bhikkhu āgacchati bahussuto āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito byatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo. Tamenaṃ aññataro bhikkhu yena so bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yo nu kho, āvuso, evañcevañca karoti, kiṃ nāma so āpattiṃ āpajjatī’’ti? So evamāha – ‘‘yo kho, āvuso, evañcevañca karoti, imaṃ nāma so āpattiṃ āpajjati. Imaṃ nāma tvaṃ, āvuso, āpattiṃ āpanno; paṭikarohi taṃ āpatti’’nti. So evamāha – ‘‘na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, ekova imaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno; ayaṃ sabbo saṅgho imaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno’’ti. So evamāha – ‘‘kiṃ te, āvuso, karissati paro āpanno vā anāpanno vā. Iṅgha, tvaṃ, āvuso, sakāya āpattiyā vuṭṭhāhī’’ti. Atha kho so bhikkhu tassa bhikkhuno vacanena taṃ āpattiṃ paṭikaritvā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘yo kira, āvuso, evañcevañca karoti, imaṃ nāma so āpattiṃ āpajjati. Imaṃ nāma tumhe, āvuso, āpattiṃ āpannā; paṭikarotha taṃ āpatti’’nti. Atha kho te bhikkhū na icchiṃsu tassa bhikkhuno vacanena taṃ āpattiṃ paṭikātuṃ. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ.
这里,诸比丘,在某住处,整个僧团犯了同种类的罪。他们不知道那项罪的名称和种类。这时,来了一位其他比丘,他多闻、通晓经教、持法者、持律者、持本母者,贤明、聪慧、有智慧、有惭耻心、有追悔心、乐于学。某位比丘就去到那位比丘那里,对那位比丘这样说:“朋友,如果做了如此这般的事,那是犯了什么罪呢?”他这样说:“朋友,如果做了如此这般的事,那就犯了这个名字的罪。朋友,你犯了这个名字的罪,处理那个罪吧。”那位比丘这样说:“朋友,不是我一个人犯了这项罪,这整个僧团都犯了这项罪。”他又这样说:“朋友,他人是有罪还是无罪,跟你有什么关系。来吧,朋友,你就只从自己的罪中出离吧。”诸比丘,如果那位比丘,听从了那位比丘的话,处理了那项罪之后,再去到那些比丘那里,对他们这样说:“朋友们,听说如果做了如此这般的事,那就犯了这个名字的罪。朋友们,你们犯了这个名字的罪,处理那项罪吧。”如果那些比丘听从了那位比丘的话,处理了那项罪,那就很好。如果不处理,诸比丘,那位比丘也不应该勉强地去劝告那些比丘。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse sabbo saṅgho sabhāgaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno hoti. So na jānāti tassā āpattiyā nāmagottaṃ. Tattha añño bhikkhu āgacchati bahussuto āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito byatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo. Tamenaṃ aññataro bhikkhu yena so bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘yo nu kho, āvuso, evañcevañca karoti, kiṃ nāma so āpattiṃ āpajjatī’’ti? So evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘yo kho, āvuso, evañcevañca karoti, imaṃ nāma so āpattiṃ āpajjati. Imaṃ nāma tvaṃ, āvuso, āpattiṃ āpanno; paṭikarohi taṃ āpatti’’nti. So evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, ekova imaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno. Ayaṃ sabbo saṅgho imaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno’’ti. So evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘kiṃ te, āvuso, karissati paro āpanno vā anāpanno vā. Iṅgha, tvaṃ, āvuso, sakāya āpattiyā vuṭṭhāhī’’ti. So ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tassa bhikkhuno vacanena taṃ āpattiṃ paṭikaritvā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū evaṃ vadeti – ‘‘yo kira, āvuso, evañcevañca karoti imaṃ nāma so āpattiṃ āpajjati, imaṃ nāma tumhe āvuso āpattiṃ āpannā, paṭikarotha taṃ āpatti’’nti. Te ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhū tassa bhikkhuno vacanena taṃ āpattiṃ paṭikareyyuṃ, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce paṭikareyyuṃ, na te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū tena bhikkhunā akāmā vacanīyāti.
95. 无罪十五法显示巴利原文
95. Anāpattipannarasakaṃ
172 那时,在某住处,在那布萨日,许多住在此处的比丘聚集起来,有四位或超过四位。他们不知道“还有其他住在此处的比丘没有来”。他们心想“这是符合法的,这是符合律的”,虽然实际上不和合,却误以为是和合的,就举行了布萨,诵了巴帝摩卡。正当他们在诵巴帝摩卡的时候,这时,其他更多住在此处的比丘来了。他们就把这件事报告给世尊。显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatiṃsu cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te na jāniṃsu ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti . Te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā samaggasaññino uposathaṃ akaṃsu, pātimokkhaṃ uddisiṃsu. Tehi uddissamāne pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchiṃsu bahutarā. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ.
这里,诸比丘,在某住处,在那布萨日,许多住在此处的比丘聚集起来,有四位或超过四位。他们不知道“还有其他住在此处的比丘没有来”。他们心想“这是符合法的,这是符合律的”,虽然实际上不和合,却误以为是和合的,就举行了布萨,诵了巴帝摩卡。正当他们在诵巴帝摩卡的时候,这时,其他更多住在此处的比丘来了。诸比丘,那些比丘应该重新诵巴帝摩卡。诵戒者们没有罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te na jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā samaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddissamāne pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti bahutarā. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi puna pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ anāpatti.
这里,诸比丘,在某住处,在那布萨日,许多住在此处的比丘聚集起来,有四位或超过四位。他们不知道“还有其他住在此处的比丘没有来”。他们心想“这是符合法的,这是符合律的”,虽然实际上不和合,却误以为是和合的,就举行了布萨,诵了巴帝摩卡。正当他们在诵巴帝摩卡的时候,这时,其他同样数量的住在此处的比丘来了。已经诵过的部分算作很好地诵过了,剩下的部分应该听下去。诵戒者们没有罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te na jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā samaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddissamāne pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti samasamā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, avasesaṃ sotabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ anāpatti.
这里,诸比丘,在某住处,在那布萨日,许多住在此处的比丘聚集起来,有四位或超过四位。他们不知道还有其他住在此处的比丘没有来,他们心想“这是符合法的,这是符合律的”,虽然实际上不和合,却误以为是和合的,就举行了布萨,诵了巴帝摩卡。正当他们在诵巴帝摩卡的时候,这时,其他更少数量住在此处的比丘来了。已经诵过的部分算作很好地诵过了,剩下的部分应该听下去。诵戒者们没有罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te na jānanti atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatāti, te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā samaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddissamāne pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti thokatarā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, avasesaṃ sotabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ anāpatti.
在此,诸比丘,在某住处,于布萨日那天,许多住处的比丘聚集,有四位或更多。他们不知道还有其他住处的比丘没有来,他们具足法想、具足律想,虽然是别众,却以和合想进行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。就在他们诵完巴帝摩卡的时候,又有其他住处的比丘来了,人数更多。诸比丘,那些比丘应当重新诵巴帝摩卡。诵者无犯。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te na jānanti atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatāti, te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā samaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti bahutarā. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi puna pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ anāpatti.
在此,诸比丘,在某住处,于布萨日那天,许多住处的比丘聚集,有四位或更多。他们不知道还有其他住处的比丘没有来,他们具足法想、具足律想,虽然是别众,却以和合想进行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。就在他们诵完巴帝摩卡的时候,又有其他住处的比丘来了,人数相等。已经诵的是善诵,但应当向那些后来者宣告清净。诵者无犯。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te na jānanti atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatāti, te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā samaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti samasamā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ anāpatti.
在此,诸比丘,在某住处,于布萨日那天,许多住处的比丘聚集,有四位或更多。他们不知道还有其他住处的比丘没有来,他们具足法想、具足律想,虽然是别众,却以和合想进行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。就在他们诵完巴帝摩卡的时候,又有其他住处的比丘来了,人数更少。已经诵的是善诵,但应当向那些后来者宣告清净。诵者无犯。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te na jānanti atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatāti, te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā samaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti thokatarā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ anāpatti.
在此,诸比丘,在某住处,于布萨日那天,许多住处的比丘聚集,有四位或更多。他们不知道还有其他住处的比丘没有来,他们具足法想、具足律想,虽然是别众,却以和合想进行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。就在他们诵完巴帝摩卡的时候,集会尚未解散,又有其他住处的比丘来了,人数更多。诸比丘,那些比丘应当重新诵巴帝摩卡。诵者无犯。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te na jānanti atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatāti, te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā samaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, avuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti bahutarā. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi puna pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ anāpatti.
在此,诸比丘,在某住处,于布萨日那天,许多住处的比丘聚集,有四位或更多。他们不知道还有其他住处的比丘没有来,他们具足法想、具足律想,虽然是别众,却以和合想进行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。就在他们诵完巴帝摩卡的时候,集会尚未解散,又有其他住处的比丘来了,人数相等。已经诵的是善诵,但应当向那些后来者宣告清净。诵者无犯。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā . Te na jānanti atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatāti, te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā samaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, avuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti samasamā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ anāpatti.
在此,诸比丘,在某住处,于布萨日那天,许多住处的比丘聚集,有四位或更多。他们不知道还有其他住处的比丘没有来,他们具足法想、具足律想,虽然是别众,却以和合想进行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。就在他们诵完巴帝摩卡的时候,集会尚未解散,又有其他住处的比丘来了,人数更少。已经诵的是善诵,但应当向那些后来者宣告清净。诵者无犯。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te na jānanti atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatāti, te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā samaggāsaññino uposathaṃ karonti pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, avuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti thokatarā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ anāpatti.
在此,诸比丘,在某住处,于布萨日那天,许多住处的比丘聚集,有四位或更多。他们不知道还有其他住处的比丘没有来,他们具足法想、具足律想,虽然是别众,却以和合想进行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。就在他们诵完巴帝摩卡的时候,集会的一部分已经解散,又有其他住处的比丘来了,人数更多。诸比丘,那些比丘应当重新诵巴帝摩卡。诵者无犯。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te na jānanti atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatāti, te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā samaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, ekaccāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti bahutarā. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi puna pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ anāpatti.
在此,诸比丘,在某住处,于布萨日那天,许多住处的比丘聚集,有四位或更多。他们不知道还有其他住处的比丘没有来,他们具足法想、具足律想,虽然是别众,却以和合想进行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。就在他们诵完巴帝摩卡的时候,集会的一部分已经解散,又有其他住处的比丘来了,人数相等。已经诵的是善诵,但应当向那些后来者宣告清净。诵者无犯。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te na jānanti atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatāti, te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā samaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, ekaccāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti samasamā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ anāpatti.
再者,诸比丘,在某住处,到了布萨日,有许多原住比丘聚集,四位或多于四位。他们不知道还有其他原住比丘没来,他们以法想者、律想者、别众者却以和合想而行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。就在他们刚诵完巴帝摩卡的时候,有一部分僧众已经起身离开,这时,其他原住比丘来了,人数较少。已经诵过的部分算作善诵,他们应当向那些比丘宣告清净。诵者无犯。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te na jānanti atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatāti, te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā samaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, ekaccāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti thokatarā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ anāpatti.
再者,诸比丘,在某住处,到了布萨日,有许多原住比丘聚集,四位或多于四位。他们不知道还有其他原住比丘没来,他们以法想者、律想者、别众者却以和合想而行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。就在他们刚诵完巴帝摩卡的时候,所有僧众都已经起身离开,这时,其他原住比丘来了,人数较多。诸比丘,那些比丘应当重新诵巴帝摩卡。诵者无犯。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te na jānanti atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatāti, te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā samaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, sabbāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti bahutarā. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi puna pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ anāpatti.
再者,诸比丘,在某住处,到了布萨日,有许多原住比丘聚集,四位或多于四位。他们不知道还有其他原住比丘没来,他们以法想者、律想者、别众者却以和合想而行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。就在他们刚诵完巴帝摩卡的时候,所有僧众都已经起身离开,这时,其他原住比丘来了,人数相等。已经诵过的部分算作善诵,他们应当向那些比丘宣告清净。诵者无犯。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te na jānanti atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatāti, te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā samaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, sabbāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti samasamā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ anāpatti.
再者,诸比丘,在某住处,到了布萨日,有许多原住比丘聚集,四位或多于四位。他们不知道还有其他原住比丘没来,他们以法想者、律想者、别众者却以和合想而行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。就在他们刚诵完巴帝摩卡的时候,所有僧众都已经起身离开,这时,其他原住比丘来了,人数较少。已经诵过的部分算作善诵,他们应当向那些比丘宣告清净。诵者无犯。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te na jānanti atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatāti, te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā samaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, sabbāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti thokatarā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ anāpatti.
96. 集非集想十五法显示巴利原文
96. Vaggāvaggasaññīpannarasakaṃ
173 再者,诸比丘,在某住处,到了布萨日,有许多原住比丘聚集,四位或多于四位。他们知道'还有其他原住比丘没来'。他们以法想者、律想者、别众者却以别众想而行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。正在他们诵巴帝摩卡的时候,其他原住比丘来了,人数较多。诸比丘,那些比丘应当重新诵巴帝摩卡。诵者犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā vaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti , pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddissamāne pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti bahutarā. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi puna pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti dukkaṭassa.
再者,诸比丘,在某住处,到了布萨日,有许多原住比丘聚集,四位或多于四位。他们知道还有其他原住比丘没来,他们以法想者、律想者、别众者却以和合想而行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。正在他们诵巴帝摩卡的时候,其他原住比丘来了,人数相等。已经诵过的部分算作善诵,剩下的部分应当听。诵者犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatāti, te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā samaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddissamāne pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti samasamā . Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, avasesaṃ sotabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti dukkaṭassa.
再者,诸比丘,在某住处,到了布萨日,有许多原住比丘聚集,四位或多于四位。他们知道还有其他原住比丘没来,他们以法想者、律想者、别众者却以别众想而行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。正在他们诵巴帝摩卡的时候,其他原住比丘来了,人数较少。已经诵过的部分算作善诵,剩下的部分应当听。诵者犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatāti te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā vaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddissamāne pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti thokatarā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, avasesaṃ sotabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti dukkaṭassa.
再者,诸比丘,在某住处,到了布萨日,有许多原住比丘聚集,四位或多于四位。他们知道'还有其他原住比丘没来'。他们以法想者、律想者、别众者却以别众想而行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。就在他们刚诵完巴帝摩卡的时候……乃至……僧众尚未起身离开时……乃至……一部分僧众已经起身离开时……乃至……所有僧众都已经起身离开时,其他原住比丘来了,人数较多……乃至……人数相等……乃至……人数较少。已经诵过的部分算作善诵,他们应当向那些比丘宣告清净。诵者犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te dhammasaññino vinayasaññino vaggā vaggasaññino uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe…pe… avuṭṭhitāya parisāya…pe… ekaccāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya…pe… sabbāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti bahutarā…pe… samasamā…pe… thokatarā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti dukkaṭassa.
97. 疑十五法显示巴利原文
97. Vematikapannarasakaṃ
174 诸比丘,在某个寺院里,到布萨那天,许多住在那里的比丘聚集起来,有四个或更多。他们知道:“还有其他住在这里的比丘没来。”他们心想:“我们现在做布萨,是可以,还是不可以?”他们就这样带着疑惑做了布萨,诵了巴帝摩卡。正在诵巴帝摩卡的过程中,另外那些住在这里的诸比丘来了,而且人数更多。诸比丘,这些比丘应当重新再诵一次巴帝摩卡。诵戒的诸比丘犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te, kappati nu kho amhākaṃ uposatho kātuṃ na nu kho kappatīti, vematikā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddissamāne pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti bahutarā. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi puna pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti dukkaṭassa.
诸比丘,在某个寺院里,到布萨那天,许多住在那里的比丘聚集起来,有四个或更多。他们知道:“还有其他住在这里的比丘没来。”他们心想:“我们现在做布萨,是可以,还是不可以?”他们就这样带着疑惑做了布萨,诵了巴帝摩卡。正在诵巴帝摩卡的过程中,另外那些住在这里的诸比丘来了,人数相等。已经诵过的部分算善诵,剩下的部分要听。诵戒的诸比丘犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti, te ‘‘kappati nu kho amhākaṃ uposatho kātuṃ, na nu kho kappatī’’ti, vematikā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddissamāne pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti samasamā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, avasesaṃ sotabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti dukkaṭassa.
诸比丘,在某个寺院里,到布萨那天,许多住在那里的比丘聚集起来,有四个或更多。他们知道:“还有其他住在这里的比丘没来。”他们心想:“我们现在做布萨,是可以,还是不可以?”他们就这样带着疑惑做了布萨,诵了巴帝摩卡。正在诵巴帝摩卡的过程中,另外那些住在这里的诸比丘来了,人数更少。已经诵过的部分算善诵,剩下的部分要听。诵戒的诸比丘犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatāti, te kappati nu kho amhākaṃ uposatho kātuṃ, na nu kho kappatīti, vematikā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddissamāne pātimokkhe athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti thokatarā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, avasesaṃ sotabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti dukkaṭassa.
诸比丘,在某个寺院里,到布萨那天,许多住在那里的比丘聚集起来,有四个或更多。他们知道:“还有其他住在这里的比丘没来。”他们心想:“我们现在做布萨,是可以,还是不可以?”他们就这样带着疑惑做了布萨,诵了巴帝摩卡。在诵巴帝摩卡刚刚结束、……大众还没起座时……一部分大众已经起座时……全部大众都起座时,另外那些住在这里的诸比丘来了,人数更多……人数相等……人数更少。已经诵过的部分算善诵,他们应当向那些比丘当面报告清净。诵戒的诸比丘犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te, ‘‘kappati nu kho amhākaṃ uposatho kātuṃ na nu kho kappatī’’ti, vematikā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe,…pe… avuṭṭhitāya parisāya…pe… ekaccāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya…pe… sabbāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti bahutarā…pe… samasamā…pe… thokatarā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti dukkaṭassa.
98. 追悔所作十五法显示巴利原文
98. Kukkuccapakatapannarasakaṃ
175 诸比丘,在某个寺院里,到布萨那天,许多住在那里的比丘聚集起来,有四个或更多。他们知道:“还有其他住在这里的比丘没来。”他们心里认定:“我们做布萨是可以的,对我们来说不会是如法的了。”他们这样带着不安做了布萨,诵了巴帝摩卡。正在诵巴帝摩卡的过程中,另外那些住在这里的诸比丘来了,而且人数更多。诸比丘,这些比丘应当重新再诵一次巴帝摩卡。诵戒的诸比丘犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te ‘‘kappateva amhākaṃ uposatho kātuṃ nāmhākaṃ na kappatī’’ti, kukkuccapakatā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddissamāne pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti bahutarā. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi puna pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti dukkaṭassa.
诸比丘,在某个寺院里,到布萨那天,许多住在那里的比丘聚集起来,有四个或更多。他们知道:“还有其他住在这里的比丘没来。”他们心里认定:“我们做布萨是可以的,对我们来说不会是如法的了。”他们这样带着不安做了布萨,诵了巴帝摩卡。正在诵巴帝摩卡的过程中,另外那些住在这里的诸比丘来了,人数相等。已经诵过的部分算善诵,剩下的部分要听。诵戒的诸比丘犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te ‘‘kappateva amhākaṃ uposatho kātuṃ nāmhākaṃ na kappatī’’ti, kukkuccapakatā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddissamāne pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti samasamā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, avasesaṃ sotabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti dukkaṭassa.
诸比丘,在某个寺院里,到布萨那天,许多住在那里的比丘聚集起来,有四个或更多。他们知道:“还有其他住在这里的比丘没来。”他们心里认定:“我们做布萨是可以的,对我们来说不会是如法的了。”他们这样带着不安做了布萨,诵了巴帝摩卡。正在诵巴帝摩卡的过程中,另外那些住在这里的诸比丘来了,人数更少。已经诵过的部分算善诵,剩下的部分要听。诵戒的诸比丘犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te ‘‘kappateva amhākaṃ uposatho kātuṃ, nāmhākaṃ na kappatī’’ti, kukkuccapakatā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddissamāne pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti thokatarā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, avasesaṃ sotabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti dukkaṭassa.
诸比丘,在某个寺院里,到布萨那天,许多住在那里的比丘聚集起来,有四个或更多。他们知道:“还有其他住在这里的比丘没来。”他们心里认定:“我们做布萨是可以的,对我们来说不会是如法的了。”他们这样带着不安做了布萨,诵了巴帝摩卡。在诵巴帝摩卡刚刚结束、……大众还没起座时……一部分大众已经起座时……全部大众都起座时,另外那些住在这里的诸比丘来了,人数更多……人数相等……人数更少。已经诵过的部分算善诵,他们应当向那些比丘当面报告清净。诵戒的诸比丘犯恶作罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave , aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te ‘‘kappateva amhākaṃ uposatho kātuṃ nāmhākaṃ na kappatī’’ti, kukkuccapakatā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe,…pe… avuṭṭhitāya parisāya…pe… ekaccāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya…pe… sabbāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti bahutarā…pe… samasamā …pe… thokatarā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti dukkaṭassa.
99. 破僧前行十五法显示巴利原文
99. Bhedapurekkhārapannarasakaṃ
176 再者,诸位比丘,在此处某住处,于布萨日那天,有许多常住比丘集会,四位或更多。他们知道‘还有其他常住比丘没有来’。他们心想‘让那些人消亡吧,让那些人毁灭吧,要他们有什么用’,怀着分裂的意图举行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。正当他们诵巴帝摩卡的时候,其他常住比丘来了,人数更多。诸位比丘,那些比丘应该重新诵巴帝摩卡。诵戒者犯粗罪罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddissamāne pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti bahutarā. Tehi , bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi puna pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti thullaccayassa .
再者,诸位比丘,在此处某住处,于布萨日那天,有许多常住比丘集会,四位或更多。他们知道‘还有其他常住比丘没有来’。他们心想‘让那些人消亡吧,让那些人毁灭吧,要他们有什么用’,怀着分裂的意图举行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。正当他们诵巴帝摩卡的时候,其他常住比丘来了,人数相等。已经诵过的部分算是善诵,剩下的部分应当继续听。诵戒者犯粗罪罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddissamāne pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti samasamā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, avasesaṃ sotabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti thullaccayassa.
再者,诸位比丘,在此处某住处,于布萨日那天,有许多常住比丘集会,四位或更多。他们知道‘还有其他常住比丘没有来’。他们心想‘让那些人消亡吧,让那些人毁灭吧,要他们有什么用’,怀着分裂的意图举行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。正当他们诵巴帝摩卡的时候,其他常住比丘来了,人数更少。已经诵过的部分算是善诵,剩下的部分应当继续听。诵戒者犯粗罪罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddissamāne pātimokkhe, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti thokatarā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, avasesaṃ sotabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti thullaccayassa.
再者,诸位比丘,在此处某住处,于布萨日那天,有许多常住比丘集会,四位或更多。他们知道‘还有其他常住比丘没有来’。他们心想‘让那些人消亡吧,让那些人毁灭吧,要他们有什么用’,怀着分裂的意图举行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。当他们刚诵完巴帝摩卡时,其他常住比丘来了,人数更多。诸位比丘,那些比丘应该重新诵巴帝摩卡。诵戒者犯粗罪罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti . Te ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti bahutarā. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi puna pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti thullaccayassa.
再者,诸位比丘,在此处某住处,于布萨日那天,有许多常住比丘集会,四位或更多。他们知道‘还有其他常住比丘没有来’。他们心想‘让那些人消亡吧,让那些人毁灭吧,要他们有什么用’,怀着分裂的意图举行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。当他们刚诵完巴帝摩卡时,其他常住比丘来了,人数相等。已经诵过的部分算是善诵,他们应当到后来者面前宣告清净。诵戒者犯粗罪罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti te ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti samasamā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti thullaccayassa.
再者,诸位比丘,在此处某住处,于布萨日那天,有许多常住比丘集会,四位或更多。他们知道‘还有其他常住比丘没有来’。他们心想‘让那些人消亡吧,让那些人毁灭吧,要他们有什么用’,怀着分裂的意图举行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。当他们刚诵完巴帝摩卡时,其他常住比丘来了,人数更少。已经诵过的部分算是善诵,他们应当到后来者面前宣告清净。诵戒者犯粗罪罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti thokatarā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti thullaccayassa.
再者,诸位比丘,在此处某住处,于布萨日那天,有许多常住比丘集会,四位或更多。他们知道‘还有其他常住比丘没有来’。他们心想‘让那些人消亡吧,让那些人毁灭吧,要他们有什么用’,怀着分裂的意图举行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。当他们刚诵完巴帝摩卡,与会大众尚未离座时,其他常住比丘来了,人数更多。诸位比丘,那些比丘应该重新诵巴帝摩卡。诵戒者犯粗罪罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, avuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti bahutarā. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi puna pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti thullaccayassa.
再者,诸位比丘,在此处某住处,于布萨日那天,有许多常住比丘集会,四位或更多。他们知道‘还有其他常住比丘没有来’。他们心想‘让那些人消亡吧,让那些人毁灭吧,要他们有什么用’,怀着分裂的意图举行布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。当他们刚诵完巴帝摩卡,与会大众尚未离座时,其他常住比丘来了,人数相等。已经诵过的部分算是善诵,他们应当到后来者面前宣告清净。诵戒者犯粗罪罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, avuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti samasamā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti thullaccayassa.
再者,诸比丘,在此某住处,于布萨当天,众多住处的比丘集会了,四位或更多。他们知道:“还有其他住处的比丘没有来。”他们心想:“让那些人消失,让那些人毁灭吧,要他们有什么用?”就这样心怀分裂地做布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。当他们刚刚诵完巴帝摩卡,听众还未起身时,正好另外那些住处的比丘来了,人数更少。之前诵的算是善诵了。但应当向那些后来的比丘告知清净。诵戒者们犯粗罪罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, avuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti thokatarā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti thullaccayassa.
再者,诸比丘,在此某住处,于布萨当天,众多住处的比丘集会了,四位或更多。他们知道:“还有其他住处的比丘没有来。”他们心想:“让那些人消失,让那些人毁灭吧,要他们有什么用?”就这样心怀分裂地做布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。当他们刚刚诵完巴帝摩卡,一部分听众已经起身时,正好另外那些住处的比丘来了,人数更多。诸比丘,那些比丘应当重新诵巴帝摩卡。诵戒者们犯粗罪罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, ekaccāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti bahutarā. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi puna pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti thullaccayassa.
再者,诸比丘,在此某住处,于布萨当天,众多住处的比丘集会了,四位或更多。他们知道:“还有其他住处的比丘没有来。”他们心想:“让那些人消失,让那些人毁灭吧,要他们有什么用?”就这样心怀分裂地做布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。当他们刚刚诵完巴帝摩卡,一部分听众已经起身时,正好另外那些住处的比丘来了,人数正好相等。之前诵的算是善诵了。但应当向那些后来的比丘告知清净。诵戒者们犯粗罪罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, ekaccāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti samasamā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti thullaccayassa.
再者,诸比丘,在此某住处,于布萨当天,众多住处的比丘集会了,四位或更多。他们知道:“还有其他住处的比丘没有来。”他们心想:“让那些人消失,让那些人毁灭吧,要他们有什么用?”就这样心怀分裂地做布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。当他们刚刚诵完巴帝摩卡,一部分听众已经起身时,正好另外那些住处的比丘来了,人数更少。之前诵的算是善诵了。但应当向那些后来的比丘告知清净。诵戒者们犯粗罪罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, ekaccāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti thokatarā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti thullaccayassa.
再者,诸比丘,在此某住处,于布萨当天,众多住处的比丘集会了,四位或更多。他们知道:“还有其他住处的比丘没有来。”他们心想:“让那些人消失,让那些人毁灭吧,要他们有什么用?”就这样心怀分裂地做布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。当他们刚刚诵完巴帝摩卡,所有听众都已经起身时,正好另外那些住处的比丘来了,人数更多。诸比丘,那些比丘应当重新诵巴帝摩卡。诵戒者们犯粗罪罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, sabbāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti bahutarā. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi puna pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti thullaccayassa.
再者,诸比丘,在此某住处,于布萨当天,众多住处的比丘集会了,四位或更多。他们知道:“还有其他住处的比丘没有来。”他们心想:“让那些人消失,让那些人毁灭吧,要他们有什么用?”就这样心怀分裂地做布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。当他们刚刚诵完巴帝摩卡,所有听众都已经起身时,正好另外那些住处的比丘来了,人数正好相等。之前诵的算是善诵了。但应当向那些后来的比丘告知清净。诵戒者们犯粗罪罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, sabbāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti samasamā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti thullaccayassa.
再者,诸比丘,在此某住处,于布萨当天,众多住处的比丘集会了,四位或更多。他们知道:“还有其他住处的比丘没有来。”他们心想:“让那些人消失,让那些人毁灭吧,要他们有什么用?”就这样心怀分裂地做布萨、诵巴帝摩卡。当他们刚刚诵完巴帝摩卡,所有听众都已经起身时,正好另外那些住处的比丘来了,人数更少。之前诵的算是善诵了。但应当向那些后来的比丘告知清净。诵戒者们犯粗罪罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te jānanti ‘‘atthaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū anāgatā’’ti. Te ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Tehi uddiṭṭhamatte pātimokkhe, sabbāya vuṭṭhitāya parisāya, athaññe āvāsikā bhikkhū āgacchanti thokatarā. Uddiṭṭhaṃ suuddiṭṭhaṃ, tesaṃ santike pārisuddhi ārocetabbā. Uddesakānaṃ āpatti thullaccayassa.
100. 界越出广说显示巴利原文
100. Sīmokkantikapeyyālaṃ
177 再者,诸比丘,在此某住处,于布萨当天,众多住处的比丘集会了,四位或更多。他们不知道“有其他住处的比丘正在进入界内”……他们不知道“有其他住处的比丘已经进入界内了”……他们没有看到有其他住处的比丘正在进入界内……他们没有看到有其他住处的比丘已经进入界内了……他们没有听到“有其他住处的比丘正在进入界内”……他们没有听到“有其他住处的比丘已经进入界内了”……显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, aññatarasmiṃ āvāse tadahuposathe sambahulā āvāsikā bhikkhū sannipatanti cattāro vā atirekā vā. Te na jānanti ‘‘aññe āvāsikā bhikkhū antosīmaṃ okkamantī’’ti …pe… te na jānanti ‘‘aññe āvāsikā bhikkhū antosīmaṃ okkantā’’ti…pe… te na passanti aññe āvāsike bhikkhū antosīmaṃ okkamante …pe… te na passanti aññe āvāsike bhikkhū antosīmaṃ okkante…pe… te na suṇanti ‘‘aññe āvāsikā bhikkhū antosīmaṃ okkamantī’’ti…pe… te na suṇanti ‘‘aññe āvāsikā bhikkhū antosīmaṃ okkantā’’ti…pe….
在住比丘与在住比丘之间,有一百七十五组三元分析;在住比丘与客比丘之间,客比丘与在住比丘之间,客比丘与客比丘之间,以略说的方式,共有七百组三元分析。显示巴利原文
Āvāsikena āvāsikā ekasatapañcasattati tikanayato, āvāsikena āgantukā, āgantukena āvāsikā, āgantukena āgantukā peyyālamukhena satta tikasatāni honti.
178 诸比丘,在此,若在住比丘的布萨日是十四日,而客比丘的是十五日。如果在住比丘人数较多,客比丘应顺从在住比丘。如果双方人数相等,客比丘应顺从在住比丘。如果客比丘人数较多,在住比丘应顺从客比丘。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, āvāsikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cātuddaso hoti, āgantukānaṃ pannaraso. Sace āvāsikā bahutarā honti, āgantukehi āvāsikānaṃ anuvattitabbaṃ. Sace samasamā honti, āgantukehi āvāsikānaṃ anuvattitabbaṃ. Sace āgantukā bahutarā honti, āvāsikehi āgantukānaṃ anuvattitabbaṃ.
诸比丘,在此,若在住比丘的布萨日是十五日,而客比丘的是十四日。如果在住比丘人数较多,客比丘应顺从在住比丘。如果双方人数相等,客比丘应顺从在住比丘。如果客比丘人数较多,在住比丘应顺从客比丘。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, āvāsikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pannaraso hoti, āgantukānaṃ cātuddaso. Sace āvāsikā bahutarā honti, āgantukehi āvāsikānaṃ anuvattitabbaṃ. Sace samasamā honti, āgantukehi āvāsikānaṃ anuvattitabbaṃ. Sace āgantukā bahutarā honti, āvāsikehi āgantukānaṃ anuvattitabbaṃ.
诸比丘,在此,若在住比丘的布萨日是斋日(初日),而客比丘的是十五日。如果在住比丘人数较多,在住比丘不必勉强给予客比丘和合,客比丘应到界外去作布萨。如果双方人数相等,在住比丘不必勉强给予客比丘和合,客比丘应到界外去作布萨。如果客比丘人数较多,在住比丘要么给予客比丘和合,要么到界外去。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, āvāsikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭipado hoti, āgantukānaṃ pannaraso. Sace āvāsikā bahutarā honti, āvāsikehi āgantukānaṃ nākāmā dātabbā sāmaggī. Āgantukehi nissīmaṃ gantvā uposatho kātabbo. Sace samasamā honti, āvāsikehi āgantukānaṃ nākāmā dātabbā sāmaggī. Āgantukehi nissīmaṃ gantvā uposatho kātabbo. Sace āgantukā bahutarā honti, āvāsikehi āgantukānaṃ sāmaggī vā dātabbā nissīmaṃ vā gantabbaṃ.
若在住比丘的布萨日是斋日,而客比丘的是十四日。如果在住比丘人数较多,客比丘要么给予在住比丘和合,要么到界外去。如果双方人数相等,客比丘要么给予在住比丘和合,要么到界外去。如果客比丘人数较多,客比丘不必勉强给予在住比丘和合,在住比丘应到界外去作布萨。显示巴利原文
Pāṭipado. Sace āvāsikā bahutarā honti, āgantukehi āvāsikānaṃ sāmaggī vā dātabbā nissīmaṃ vā gantabbaṃ. Sace samasamā honti, āgantukehi āvāsikānaṃ sāmaggī vā dātabbā nissīmaṃ vā gantabbaṃ. Sace āgantukā bahutarā honti, āgantukehi āvāsikānaṃ nākāmā dātabbā sāmaggī. Āvāsikehi nissīmaṃ gantvā uposatho kātabbo.
101. 相等见显示巴利原文
101. Liṅgādidassanaṃ
179 诸比丘,在此,客诸比丘看到了在住比丘的种种在住者特征、在住者标志、在住者迹象、在住者的提示——妥善铺设的床和椅子、褥垫和枕头、饮用水和使用水准备齐全,庭院打扫得干净整洁。看到后,他们心存疑惑:‘到底有没有在住比丘呢?’他们心存疑惑,却不查证;不查证就作布萨。犯恶作。他们心存疑惑,进行查证;查证后没有看到;尽管没看到,还是作布萨。无罪。他们心存疑惑,进行查证;查证后看到了;看到后,同一处作布萨。无罪。他们心存疑惑,进行查证;查证后看到了;看到后,各自分别作布萨。犯恶作。他们心存疑惑,进行查证;查证后看到了;看到后,心中抱着‘让他们灭亡吧,让他们毁灭吧,留他们有什么用’的念头,以分裂为先导而作布萨。犯粗罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, āgantukā bhikkhū passanti āvāsikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āvāsikākāraṃ, āvāsikaliṅgaṃ, āvāsikanimittaṃ, āvāsikuddesaṃ, supaññattaṃ mañcapīṭhaṃ, bhisibibbohanaṃ, pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ sūpaṭṭhitaṃ, pariveṇaṃ susammaṭṭhaṃ; passitvā vematikā honti – ‘‘atthi nu kho āvāsikā bhikkhū natthi nu kho’’ti. Te vematikā na vicinanti; avicinitvā uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti dukkaṭassa. Te vematikā vicinanti; vicinitvā na passanti; apassitvā uposathaṃ karonti. Anāpatti. Te vematikā vicinanti; vicinitvā passanti; passitvā ekato uposathaṃ karonti. Anāpatti. Te vematikā vicinanti; vicinitvā passanti; passitvā pāṭekkaṃ uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti dukkaṭassa. Te vematikā vicinanti; vicinitvā passanti; passitvā – ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti thullaccayassa.
诸比丘,在此,客诸比丘听到了在住比丘的种种在住者特征、在住者标志、在住者迹象、在住者的提示——经行的脚步声、诵经的声音、咳嗽声、喷嚏声。听到后,他们心存疑惑:‘到底有没有在住比丘呢?’他们心存疑惑,却不查证;不查证就作布萨。犯恶作。他们心存疑惑,进行查证;查证后没有看到;尽管没看到,还是作布萨。无罪。他们心存疑惑,进行查证;查证后看到了;看到后,同一处作布萨。无罪。他们心存疑惑,进行查证;查证后看到了;看到后,各自分别作布萨。犯恶作。他们心存疑惑,进行查证;查证后看到了;看到后,心中抱着‘让他们灭亡吧,让他们毁灭吧,留他们有什么用’的念头,以分裂为先导而作布萨。犯粗罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, āgantukā bhikkhū suṇanti āvāsikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āvāsikākāraṃ, āvāsikaliṅgaṃ, āvāsikanimittaṃ, āvāsikuddesaṃ, caṅkamantānaṃ padasaddaṃ, sajjhāyasaddaṃ, ukkāsitasaddaṃ, khipitasaddaṃ; sutvā vematikā honti – ‘‘atthi nu kho āvāsikā bhikkhū natthi nu kho’’ti. Te vematikā na vicinanti; avicinitvā uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti dukkaṭassa. Te vematikā vicinanti; vicinitvā na passanti; apassitvā uposathaṃ karonti. Anāpatti. Te vematikā vicinanti; vicinitvā passanti; passitvā ekato uposathaṃ karonti. Anāpatti. Te vematikā vicinanti; vicinitvā passanti; passitvā pāṭekkaṃ uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti dukkaṭassa. Te vematikā vicinanti; vicinitvā passanti; passitvā – ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti thullaccayassa.
诸比丘,在此,在住诸比丘看到了客比丘的种种客居者特征、客居者标志、客居者迹象、客居者的提示——不熟悉的钵、不熟悉的衣、不熟悉的坐具、洗脚处、倒水留下的湿痕。看到后,他们心存疑惑:‘到底有没有客比丘呢?’他们心存疑惑,却不查证;不查证就作布萨。犯恶作。他们心存疑惑,进行查证;查证后没有看到;尽管没看到,还是作布萨。无罪。他们心存疑惑,进行查证;查证后看到了;看到后,同一处作布萨。无罪。他们心存疑惑,进行查证;查证后看到了;看到后,各自分别作布萨。犯恶作。他们心存疑惑,进行查证;查证后看到了;看到后,心中抱着‘让他们灭亡吧,让他们毁灭吧,留他们有什么用’的念头,以分裂为先导而作布萨。犯粗罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, āvāsikā bhikkhū passanti āgantukānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āgantukākāraṃ, āgantukaliṅgaṃ, āgantukanimittaṃ, āgantukuddesaṃ, aññātakaṃ pattaṃ, aññātakaṃ cīvaraṃ, aññātakaṃ nisīdanaṃ, pādānaṃ dhotaṃ, udakanissekaṃ; passitvā vematikā honti – ‘‘atthi nu kho āgantukā bhikkhū natthi nu kho’’ti. Te vematikā na vicinanti; avicinitvā uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti dukkaṭassa. Te vematikā vicinanti; vicinitvā na passanti; apassitvā uposathaṃ karonti. Anāpatti. Te vematikā vicinanti; vicinitvā passanti; passitvā ekato uposathaṃ karonti. Anāpatti. Te vematikā vicinanti; vicinitvā passanti; passitvā pāṭekkaṃ uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti dukkaṭassa. Te vematikā vicinanti; vicinitvā passanti; passitvā – ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete, ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti thullaccayassa.
再者,诸比丘,在这里,旧住的诸比丘听到了客诸比丘的到来迹象、客比丘的行相、客比丘的征兆、客比丘的诵经声,或是他们来时脚步的声音、拍打鞋子的声音、咳嗽的声音、擤鼻子的声音;听到之后,他们感到疑惑:‘到底有客比丘,还是没有客比丘呢?’他们带着疑惑,没有去查看;没有查看就举行布萨。犯恶作。他们带着疑惑,去查看;查看之后没有看到;没有看到就举行布萨。无犯。他们带着疑惑,去查看;查看之后看到了;看到之后,大家一起和合举行布萨。无犯。他们带着疑惑,去查看;查看之后看到了;看到之后,却各自分开举行布萨。犯恶作。他们带着疑惑,去查看;查看之后看到了;看到之后,心想:‘让这些人消失吧,让这些人毁灭吧,要他们有什么用!’——带着欲破僧的意图而举行布萨。犯粗罪。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, āvāsikā bhikkhū suṇanti āgantukānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āgantukākāraṃ, āgantukaliṅgaṃ, āgantukanimittaṃ, āgantukuddesaṃ, āgacchantānaṃ padasaddaṃ, upāhanapapphoṭanasaddaṃ, ukkāsitasaddaṃ, khipitasaddaṃ; sutvā vematikā honti – ‘‘atthi nu kho āgantukā bhikkhū natthi nu kho’’ti. Te vematikā na vicinanti; avicinitvā uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti dukkaṭassa. Te vematikā vicinanti; vicinitvā na passanti; apassitvā uposathaṃ karonti. Anāpatti. Te vematikā vicinanti; vicinitvā passanti; passitvā ekato uposathaṃ karonti. Anāpatti. Te vematikā vicinanti; vicinitvā passanti; passitvā pāṭekkaṃ uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti dukkaṭassa. Te vematikā vicinanti; vicinitvā passanti; passitvā – ‘‘nassantete, vinassantete , ko tehi attho’’ti – bhedapurekkhārā uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti thullaccayassa .
102. 以别住等作布萨显示巴利原文
102. Nānāsaṃvāsakādīhi uposathakaraṇaṃ
180 再者,诸比丘,在这里,客诸比丘看到旧住比丘是与自己不同住的。但他们却产生了‘这些是同住者’的想法;在产生‘这些是同住者’的想法后,他们没有去询问;没有询问,就大家一起和合举行布萨。无犯。他们去询问;询问之后,但仍不能肯定;不能肯定,就大家一起和合举行布萨。犯恶作。他们去询问;询问之后,但仍不能肯定;不能肯定,就各自分开举行布萨。无犯。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, āgantukā bhikkhū passanti āvāsike bhikkhū nānāsaṃvāsake. Te samānasaṃvāsakadiṭṭhiṃ paṭilabhanti; samānasaṃvāsakadiṭṭhiṃ paṭilabhitvā na pucchanti; apucchitvā ekato uposathaṃ karonti. Anāpatti. Te pucchanti; pucchitvā nābhivitaranti; anabhivitaritvā ekato uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti dukkaṭassa. Te pucchanti; pucchitvā nābhivitaranti; anabhivitaritvā pāṭekkaṃ uposathaṃ karonti. Anāpatti.
再者,诸比丘,在这里,客诸比丘看到旧住比丘是与自己同住的。但他们却产生了‘这些是不同住者’的想法;在产生‘这些是不同住者’的想法后,他们没有去询问;没有询问,就大家一起和合举行布萨。犯恶作。他们去询问;询问之后,便确定了;确定之后,却各自分开举行布萨。犯恶作。他们去询问;询问之后,便确定了;确定之后,大家一起和合举行布萨。无犯。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, āgantukā bhikkhū passanti āvāsike bhikkhū samānasaṃvāsake. Te nānāsaṃvāsakadiṭṭhiṃ paṭilabhanti; nānāsaṃvāsakadiṭṭhiṃ paṭilabhitvā na pucchanti; apucchitvā ekato uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti dukkaṭassa. Te pucchanti; pucchitvā abhivitaranti; abhivitaritvā pāṭekkaṃ uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti dukkaṭassa. Te pucchanti; pucchitvā abhivitaranti; abhivitaritvā ekato uposathaṃ karonti. Anāpatti.
再者,诸比丘,在这里,旧住诸比丘看到客比丘是与自己不同住的。但他们却产生了‘这些是同住者’的想法;在产生‘这些是同住者’的想法后,他们没有去询问;没有询问,就大家一起和合举行布萨。无犯。他们去询问;询问之后,但仍不能肯定;不能肯定,就大家一起和合举行布萨。犯恶作。他们去询问;询问之后,但仍不能肯定;不能肯定,就各自分开举行布萨。无犯。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, āvāsikā bhikkhū passanti āgantuke bhikkhū nānāsaṃvāsake. Te samānasaṃvāsakadiṭṭhiṃ paṭilabhanti; samānasaṃvāsakadiṭṭhiṃ paṭilabhitvā na pucchanti; apucchitvā ekato uposathaṃ karonti. Anāpatti. Te pucchanti; pucchitvā nābhivitaranti; anabhivitaritvā ekato uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti dukkaṭassa. Te pucchanti; pucchitvā nābhivitaranti ; anabhivitaritvā pāṭekkaṃ uposathaṃ karonti. Anāpatti.
再者,诸比丘,在这里,旧住诸比丘看到客比丘是与自己同住的。但他们却产生了‘这些是不同住者’的想法;在产生‘这些是不同住者’的想法后,他们没有去询问;没有询问,就大家一起和合举行布萨。犯恶作。他们去询问;询问之后,便确定了;确定之后,却各自分开举行布萨。犯恶作。他们去询问;询问之后,便确定了;确定之后,大家一起和合举行布萨。无犯。显示巴利原文
Idha pana, bhikkhave, āvāsikā bhikkhū passanti āgantuke bhikkhū samānasaṃvāsake. Te nānāsaṃvāsakadiṭṭhiṃ paṭilabhanti; nānāsaṃvāsakadiṭṭhiṃ paṭilabhitvā na pucchanti; apucchitvā ekato uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti dukkaṭassa. Te pucchanti; pucchitvā abhivitaranti; abhivitaritvā pāṭekkaṃ uposathaṃ karonti. Āpatti dukkaṭassa. Te pucchanti; pucchitvā abhivitaranti; abhivitaritvā ekato uposathaṃ karonti. Anāpatti.
103. 应去品显示巴利原文
103. Nagantabbavāro
181 诸比丘,在布萨日那天,比丘不应从有比丘的住处,去到一个无比丘的住处,除非是随同僧团一起,或是有障碍因缘。诸比丘,在布萨日那天,比丘不应从有比丘的住处,去到一个无比丘的非住处,除非是随同僧团一起,或是有障碍因缘。诸比丘,在布萨日那天,比丘不应从有比丘的住处,去到一个无比丘的住处或非住处,除非是随同僧团一起,或是有障碍因缘。显示巴利原文
Na, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā āvāsā abhikkhuko āvāso gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave , tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā āvāsā abhikkhuko anāvāso gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā āvāsā abhikkhuko āvāso vā anāvāso vā gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā.
诸比丘,在布萨日那天,比丘不应从有比丘的非住处,去到一个无比丘的住处,除非是随同僧团一起,或是有障碍因缘。诸比丘,在布萨日那天,比丘不应从有比丘的非住处,去到一个无比丘的非住处,除非是随同僧团一起,或是有障碍因缘。诸比丘,在布萨日那天,比丘不应从有比丘的非住处,去到一个无比丘的住处或非住处,除非是随同僧团一起,或是有障碍因缘。显示巴利原文
Na , bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā anāvāsā abhikkhuko āvāso gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā anāvāsā abhikkhuko anāvāso gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā anāvāsā abhikkhuko āvāso vā anāvāso vā gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā.
诸比丘,在布萨日那天,比丘不应从有比丘的住处或非住处,去到一个无比丘的住处,除非是随同僧团一起,或是有障碍因缘。诸比丘,在布萨日那天,比丘不应从有比丘的住处或非住处,去到一个无比丘的非住处,除非是随同僧团一起,或是有障碍因缘。诸比丘,在布萨日那天,比丘不应从有比丘的住处或非住处,去到一个无比丘的住处或非住处,除非是随同僧团一起,或是有障碍因缘。显示巴利原文
Na, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā āvāsā vā anāvāsā vā abhikkhuko āvāso gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave , tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā āvāsā vā anāvāsā vā abhikkhuko anāvāso gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā āvāsā vā anāvāsā vā abhikkhuko āvāso vā anāvāso vā gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā.
诸比丘,在布萨日,有比丘住的住处,不应去有不同共住比丘的有比丘住处——除非僧团有事,除非有障碍。诸比丘,在布萨日,有比丘住的住处,不应去有不同共住比丘的无住处——除非僧团有事,除非有障碍。诸比丘,在布萨日,有比丘住的住处,不应去有不同共住比丘的住处或无住处——除非僧团有事,除非有障碍。显示巴利原文
Na, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā āvāsā sabhikkhuko āvāso gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṃvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā āvāsā sabhikkhuko anāvāso gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṃvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā āvāsā sabhikkhuko āvāso vā anāvāso vā gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṃvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā.
诸比丘,在布萨日,从有比丘的无住处,不应去有不同共住比丘的无住处——除非僧团有事,除非有障碍。诸比丘,在布萨日,无住处但有比丘住的地方,不应去有不同共住比丘的无住处——除非僧团有事,除非有障碍。诸比丘,在布萨日,无住处但有比丘住的地方,不应去有不同共住比丘的住处或无住处——除非僧团有事,除非有障碍。显示巴利原文
Na, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā anāvāsā sabhikkhuko āvāso gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṃvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā anāvāsā sabhikkhuko anāvāso gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṃvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā anāvāsā sabhikkhuko āvāso vā anāvāso vā gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṃvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā.
诸比丘,在布萨日,有比丘住的住处或无住处但有比丘住的地方,不应去有不同共住比丘的有比丘住处——除非僧团有事,除非有障碍。诸比丘,在布萨日,有比丘住的住处或无住处但有比丘住的地方,不应去有不同共住比丘的无住处——除非僧团有事,除非有障碍。诸比丘,在布萨日,有比丘住的住处或无住处但有比丘住的地方,不应去有不同共住比丘的住处或无住处——除非僧团有事,除非有障碍。显示巴利原文
Na, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā āvāsā vā anāvāsā vā sabhikkhuko āvāso gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṃvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā āvāsā vā anāvāsā vā sabhikkhuko anāvāso gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṃvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā āvāsā vā anāvāsā vā sabhikkhuko āvāso vā anāvāso vā gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṃvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena aññatra antarāyā.
104. 应去门显示巴利原文
104. Gantabbavāro
182 诸比丘,在布萨日,有比丘住的住处,应去有相同共住比丘的有比丘住处,只要他知道:“我今天能赶到。”诸比丘,在布萨日,有比丘住的住处,应去有相同共住比丘的无住处……有相同共住比丘的住处或无住处,只要他知道:“我今天能赶到。”显示巴利原文
Gantabbo, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā āvāsā sabhikkhuko āvāso, yatthassu bhikkhū samānasaṃvāsakā, yaṃ jaññā – ‘‘sakkomi ajjeva gantu’’nti. Gantabbo, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā āvāsā sabhikkhuko anāvāso…pe… sabhikkhuko āvāso vā anāvāso vā, yatthassu bhikkhū samānasaṃvāsakā, yaṃ jaññā – ‘‘sakkomi ajjeva gantu’’nti.
诸比丘,在布萨日,从无住处但有比丘住的地方,应去有相同共住比丘的有比丘住处……有相同共住比丘的无住处……有相同共住比丘的住处或无住处,只要他知道:“我今天能赶到。”显示巴利原文
Gantabbo, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā anāvāsā sabhikkhuko āvāso…pe… sabhikkhuko anāvāso…pe… sabhikkhuko āvāso vā anāvāso vā, yatthassu bhikkhū samānasaṃvāsakā, yaṃ jaññā – ‘‘sakkomi ajjeva gantu’’nti.
诸比丘,在布萨日,有比丘住的住处或无住处但有比丘住的地方,应去有相同共住比丘的有比丘住处……有相同共住比丘的无住处……有相同共住比丘的住处或无住处,只要他知道:“我今天能赶到。”显示巴利原文
Gantabbo, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe sabhikkhukā āvāsā vā anāvāsā vā sabhikkhuko āvāso…pe… sabhikkhuko anāvāso…pe… sabhikkhuko āvāso vā anāvāso vā, yatthassu bhikkhū samānasaṃvāsakā, yaṃ jaññā – ‘‘sakkomi ajjeva gantu’’nti.
105. 应呵责人见显示巴利原文
105. Vajjanīyapuggalasandassanā
183 诸比丘,不应对坐着听法的比丘尼僧众诵巴帝摩卡。如果诵了,犯恶作。不应对在学的学法女……不应对沙马内拉……不应对沙马内莉……不应对舍了学处的人……不应对犯了极重罪的人——不应对坐着听法的这些人的僧众诵巴帝摩卡。如果诵了,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Na, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyā nisinnaparisāya pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Na sikkhamānāya…pe… na sāmaṇerassa …pe… na sāmaṇeriyā…pe… na sikkhāpaccakkhātakassa…pe… na antimavatthuṃ ajjhāpannakassa nisinnaparisāya pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
不应为因不见罪而被举的比丘所在的坐着听法的僧众诵巴帝摩卡。如果诵了,应依律处理。不应为因不忏罪而被举的比丘所在的坐着听法的僧众……不应为因不舍恶见而被举的比丘所在的坐着听法的僧众诵巴帝摩卡。如果诵了,应依律处理。显示巴利原文
Na āpattiyā adassane ukkhittakassa nisinnaparisāya pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Yo uddiseyya, yathādhammo kāretabbo. Na āpattiyā appaṭikamme ukkhittakassa nisinnaparisāya…pe… na pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā appaṭinissagge ukkhittakassa nisinnaparisāya pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Yo uddiseyya, yathādhammo kāretabbo.
不应向有黄门同坐的集会诵出巴帝摩卡。若诵出者,犯恶作。不应向有贼住者同坐的集会诵出巴帝摩卡……不应向有投靠外道者同坐的集会诵出巴帝摩卡……不应向有畜生同坐的集会诵出巴帝摩卡……不应向有弑母者同坐的集会诵出巴帝摩卡……不应向有弑父者同坐的集会诵出巴帝摩卡……不应向有杀阿拉汉者同坐的集会诵出巴帝摩卡……不应向有污比丘尼者同坐的集会诵出巴帝摩卡……不应向有破僧者同坐的集会诵出巴帝摩卡……不应向有出佛身血者同坐的集会诵出巴帝摩卡……不应向有双性人同坐的集会诵出巴帝摩卡。若诵出者,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
Na paṇḍakassa nisinnaparisāya pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Na theyyasaṃvāsakassa…pe… na titthiyapakkantakassa…pe… na tiracchānagatassa…pe… na mātughātakassa…pe… na pitughātakassa…pe… na arahantaghātakassa…pe… na bhikkhunidūsakassa…pe… na saṅghabhedakassa…pe… na lohituppādakassa…pe… na ubhatobyañjanakassa nisinnaparisāya pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbaṃ. Yo uddiseyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
诸比丘,不应以别住者给予清净的方式来做布萨,除非集会尚未起身离去。还有,诸比丘,不应在非布萨日做布萨,除非是为了僧团的和合。显示巴利原文
Na, bhikkhave, pārivāsikapārisuddhidānena uposatho kātabbo, aññatra avuṭṭhitāya parisāya. Na ca, bhikkhave, anuposathe uposatho kātabbo, aññatra saṅghasāmaggiyāti.
106. 其摄颂显示巴利原文
106. Tassuddānaṃ
那些外道,以及频婆娑罗王,他们集会,却如哑羊般默然;
佛在静处思维正法,让半月诵巴帝摩卡,从前是每日一次。
按集会人数而和合,和合之事以及马达库其鹿野苑;
大界,以及河边的界,还有随结的两个小界。
在摩揭陀和王舍城的新结的界,是不离衣界;
应先确立先结的界,之后再解开后来的界。
未被认可的村庄界限,河流、海洋和湖泊;
水界破坏它们,同样地也被覆盖;
有哪些行为的摘要,有障碍的,以及即使没有障碍的;
对法与律进行指责,再次依律进行指责;
在合适的场合进行劝告,却对非法之事提出抗议;
即使是四人或五人以上公开地、故意地尝试;
有在家人、未经请求,在劝告时不知道;
众多人不知道,也不直接前往。
多少?多远?远处,以及通知和遗忘;
污秽的事、座位、灯火、方向,还有其他多闻的比丘;
直截了当、雨安居布萨、清净的事情,还有亲属;
伽伽尊者、第四位、两位,同分罪、记得;
整个僧团有疑惑,而他们不知道,多闻的比丘;
人数多、相等、少,大众以及没有起立的情况;
一部分起立、全部,他们知道或有疑惑;
“这样是允许的”而引生恶作,知者、见者、闻者。
住寺者的布萨,外来者的布萨,还有十四日的布萨;
初一日与十五日,以及两位同住者。
别住者的布萨,还有僧团和合之外的布萨;
这些分类摘要,都有其故事的起因和经分别的说明。
显示巴利原文 Titthiyā bimbisāro ca, sannipatituṃ tuṇhikā; Dhammaṃ raho pātimokkhaṃ, devasikaṃ tadā sakiṃ. Yathāparisā samaggaṃ, sāmaggī maddakucchi ca; Sīmā mahatī nadiyā, anu dve khuddakāni ca. Navā rājagahe ceva, sīmā avippavāsanā; Sammanne paṭhamaṃ sīmaṃ, pacchā sīmaṃ samūhane. Asammatā gāmasīmā, nadiyā samudde sare; Udakukkhepo bhindanti, tathevajjhottharanti ca. Kati kammāni uddeso, savarā asatīpi ca; Dhammaṃ vinayaṃ tajjenti, puna vinayatajjanā. Codanā kate okāse, adhammappaṭikkosanā; Catupañcaparā āvi, sañcicca cepi vāyame. Sagahaṭṭhā anajjhiṭṭhā, codanamhi na jānati; Sambahulā na jānanti, sajjukaṃ na ca gacchare. Katimī kīvatikā dūre, ārocetuñca nassari; Uklāpaṃ āsanaṃ dīpo, disā añño bahussuto. Sajjukaṃ vassuposatho, suddhikammañca ñātakā; Gaggo catutayo dveko, āpattisabhāgā sari. Sabbo saṅgho vematiko, na jānanti bahussuto; Bahū samasamā thokā, parisā avuṭṭhitāya ca. Ekaccā vuṭṭhitā sabbā, jānanti ca vematikā; Kappatevāti kukkuccā, jānaṃ passaṃ suṇanti ca. Āvāsikena āgantu, cātupannaraso puna; Pāṭipado pannaraso, liṅgasaṃvāsakā ubho. Pārivāsānuposatho , aññatra saṅghasāmaggiyā; Ete vibhattā uddānā, vatthuvibhūtakāraṇāti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册 Pali 中文(经文用名) 角色 Bhagavā 世尊 佛陀,说法的导师与戒律的制定者 Bhikkhū 诸比丘 听法、提问、践行规定并引发各种缘起的僧团成员 Seniya Bimbisāra 摩揭陀国王 提出半月集会建议的在家信徒与护法 Mahākappina 大劫宾那 对参加布萨产生犹豫并得到佛陀亲自教诫的比丘
地点 王舍城及其周边,包括鹫峰山(耆阇崛山)和大劫宾那尊者所在的马达库其鹿野苑。
事件 摩揭陀国王频婆娑罗见外道在半月斋日集会说法而获得民众拥护,便向佛陀提议,比丘僧团也应定期集会。佛陀先允许了半月集会与说法,继而思维到应将所制学处编为“巴蒂摩卡”(巴蒂摩卡)作为布萨的核心活动。经文由此展开,围绕如何正确地结界、和合、诵戒,以及应对各种具体状况(如界的大小、涉水、别住者、不能参与的人等)制定了一系列细致的规则,从缘起一步步深入,最终形成一套完整的布萨制度。
经文摘要 频婆娑罗王建议集会 → 佛陀允许集会并说法 → 佛陀思维并制定诵“巴蒂摩卡”为布萨核心 → 针对结界、和合、参与者资格等具体问题逐一制戒,使布萨制度完善。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解) 这部经的核心,讲述了佛教僧团最核心的集体仪式——“布萨”(诵戒)是怎么来的,以及它为何如此严谨。
1. 从外缘到内制:一个制度的诞生
最初,佛陀应国王的建议,只是简单地允许比丘们在半月斋日集会。但光集会不说话,被人讥笑像“哑猪”,于是又允许说法。这都还是外缘。真正的核心转折点,是佛陀独自静处时的思维:“何不我将我为诸比丘所制定的诸学处,允许他们诵巴蒂摩卡?那将是他们的布萨业。”
→ 拆开看 :这不是在搞形式主义,而是佛陀亲手把零散的戒条,编织成一个有生命的整体——“巴蒂摩卡”。它不再是单一的学处,而成为了“诸善法的开始、面、前面”,是僧团在定期集会时,集体反观自照、共同净化的“业”。
2. 集体的清净建立在诚实的个人之上
诵戒仪式中有一个震撼人心的设计:公开发露与集体默许。经文规定:“若有犯者,应发露。无犯者应默然。”如果有人犯了戒却沉默,就构成了“知而妄语”。
→ 拆开看 :这建立了一个基于信任和自觉的净化机制。你的沉默,就是向僧团宣告“我清净”。这个宣告无比严肃,因为“知而妄语被世尊说为障碍法”,它障碍的不是别人,而是自己的禅定与解脱。所以,那句看似冰冷的规则,背后是温暖的深意:“因此,忆念的比丘、已犯者、希求清净者,应发露有犯;发露后,对他安乐。”
→ 一句要旨 :诵戒不是为了审判,而是为了“安乐”——通过诚实地发露过错,卸下罪的心理负担,个人得以净化,集体的清净和合也得以维系。
3. “和合”与“界”:僧团共修的边界艺术
僧团的布萨必须在“和合”的状态下进行。佛陀详细规定了“界”的概念、如何结界、界的大小,甚至规定不能用结太大的界而导致比丘迟到,不能结河对岸的界以免危险。
→ 拆开看 :这些看似琐碎的行政规定,实际上是在定义一个修行的共同体——“一住处,一布萨”。“和合”不是一句口号,而是有明确地理和行为边界的。它要求僧团内的所有成员在同一时间、同一地点(或其合理范围内)共同完成这项核心作业。这既是避免分裂、维护团结的根本,也是确保集体修行生活有序进行的基础。
→ 一句要旨 :布萨制度不仅是一套忏罪仪轨,更是通过“界”与“和合”的概念,从空间、时间和程序上,将一群独立的修行者凝聚成一个坚固而清净的修行共同体。
关键术语锚 - pātimokkha → 巴蒂摩卡/巴蒂摩卡 :别误解为单纯的“戒本”。在诵戒语境下,它是“诸善法的开始、面、前面”,代表了戒律的纲领,是僧团和合共住的根本。
- uposatha → 布萨/布萨 :不单是“斋日”。它特指比丘僧团在半月定期举行的集会,核心活动是诵巴蒂摩卡并对照检点自身清净,是一种集体净化的宗教行为。
- saṅgha → 僧/僧团 :此处指“和合”的比丘团体。“和合”是僧团作一切“甘马”(僧团表决)的前提,是维护僧团不分裂、团结共修的关键。
- sīmā → 界 :不只是地理“界限”。它是一个被僧团正式确认的、进行特定宗教活动(如诵戒、授戒)的神圣空间,具有法律效应,划定了僧团共修的“统一体”范围。
- pārisuddhi → 清净 :不是抽象的道德纯净。在布萨仪式中,它通过“默然”来表达和确认,是一个具体的、需要公开宣告的个人状态。宣称清净却隐罪不报,即成“知而妄语”。
- chanda → 欲 :不是贪欲的“欲(kāmacchanda)”。“给予欲(chandahārako)”指因故不能亲身参加布萨的比丘,将自己的意愿(欲)委托给他人,以表达自己赞同僧团的决议,以达成集体的和合。