六、应悔过品
6. Pāṭidesanīyakaṇḍaṃ
一、第一应悔过学处注释
1. Paṭhamapāṭidesanīyasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā
应悔过法,紧随小部之后;
以上所安立者,今为其注释。
Pāṭidesanīyā dhammā, khuddakānaṃ anantarā; Ṭhapitā ye ayaṃ dāni, tesaṃ bhavati vaṇṇanā.
552552. 于第一应悔过中,“在返回时”指托钵乞食后返回之时。“全部拿了”即取了一切。“颤抖着”即颤动摇摆。“走开”即离去。
552. Paṭhamapāṭidesanīye tāva paṭikkamanakāleti piṇḍāya caritvā paṭiāgamanakāle. Sabbeva aggahesīti sabbameva aggahesi. Pavedhentīti kampamānā. Apehīti apagaccha.
553-5553-5.“应受责备,贤友”等,是显示悔过之方式。“车道”即道路。“巷道”指不能穿行、须原路返回的道路。“十字路口”指四角或三角的道路交汇处。“家”指俗家住宅。于上述任何一处站立取食者,取时犯恶作,吞咽时依吞咽次数犯应悔过。于象厩等处取食,道理相同。若比丘尼立于俗家内部给与,比丘虽立于车道等处接受,亦犯。以“进入俗家内部”一语故,应知此处犯戒乃因比丘尼立于俗家内部给与,而比丘所立之处则无限制。是故,比丘虽立于街道等处,接受立于俗家内部之比丘尼所施食物,无犯。
553-5.Gārayhaṃ āvusotiādi paṭidesetabbākāradassanaṃ. Rathikāti racchā. Byūhanti anibbijjhitvā ṭhitā gatapaccāgataracchā. Siṅghāṭakanti catukkoṇaṃ vā tikoṇaṃ vā maggasamodhānaṭṭhānaṃ. Gharanti kulagharaṃ. Etesu yattha katthaci ṭhatvā gaṇhantassa gahaṇe dukkaṭaṃ, ajjhohāre ajjhohāragaṇanāya pāṭidesanīyaṃ. Hatthisālādīsu gaṇhantassāpi eseva nayo. Bhikkhunī rathikāya ṭhatvā deti, bhikkhu sacepi antarārāmādīsu ṭhatvā gaṇhāti, āpattiyeva. ‘‘Antaragharaṃ paviṭṭhāyā’’ti hi vacanato bhikkhuniyā antaraghare ṭhatvā dadamānāya vasenettha āpatti veditabbā, bhikkhussa ṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ pana appamāṇaṃ. Tasmā sacepi vīthiādīsu ṭhito bhikkhu antarārāmādīsu ṭhatvā dadamānāya bhikkhuniyā gaṇhāti, anāpattiyeva.
若为食用而接受一日内药、七日内药、终生药,犯恶作。每一次吞咽犯恶作——这是就未与食物混合的情形而言;若混合后味道合一,则犯应悔过。‘一处受具足戒者’:指在比丘尼众中受具足戒者。若是在比丘众中受具足戒者,则随事而定。
Yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ āhāratthāya paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti dukkaṭassāti idaṃ āmisena asambhinnaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, sambhinne pana ekarase pāṭidesanīyameva. Ekato upasampannāyāti bhikkhunīnaṃ santike upasampannāya. Bhikkhūnaṃ santike upasampannāya pana yathāvatthukameva.
556556. ‘令人给与而非亲自给与’:若非亲戚,由他人令其给与,接受者无犯。‘放置后给与’:放置在地上并说:‘尊者,这是我给您的。’如此给与后,应说‘善哉,姊妹’而接受,然后由该比丘尼或由他人代为受持而食用,这合宜。对于正学女、沙弥尼的给与,接受者无犯。其余此处易明。
556.Dāpeti na detīti aññātikā aññena kenaci dāpeti taṃ gaṇhantassa anāpatti. Upanikkhipitvā detīti bhūmiyaṃ ṭhapetvā ‘‘idaṃ ayya tumhākaṃ dammī’’ti deti, evaṃ dinnaṃ ‘‘sādhu bhaginī’’ti sampaṭicchitvā tāya eva vā bhikkhuniyā aññena vā kenaci paṭiggahāpetvā bhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati. Sikkhamānāya sāmaṇeriyāti etāsaṃ dadamānānaṃ gaṇhantassa anāpatti. Sesamettha uttānameva.
此戒的起源与羊毛戒相同:是身行,非无想解脱,非无心,属制罪,是身业,有三心、三受。
Eḷakalomasamuṭṭhānaṃ – kiriyaṃ, nosaññāvimokkhaṃ, acittakaṃ, paṇṇattivajjaṃ, kāyakammaṃ, ticittaṃ, tivedananti.
二、第二应悔过学处注释
2. Dutiyapāṭidesanīyasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā
558第二项:‘请先退开,姊妹’等,是显示应呵斥的方式。
558. Dutiye – apasakka tāva bhaginītiādi apasādetabbākāradassanaṃ.
561‘令给与自己的食物而非亲自给与’:在此,即使亲自给与自己的食物,依此学处也无犯,但依前学处有犯。‘给与他人食物而非令给与’:在此,即便令他人给与,依此学处也可能有犯。然而,对于亲自给与者,既不依此学处,也不依前学处有犯。其余皆易明了。此戒源起同咖提那戒——属身行与非身行,非无想解脱,非无心,为制教罪;是身业、语业,具三心、三受。
561.Attano bhattaṃ dāpeti na detīti ettha sacepi attano bhattaṃ deti, iminā sikkhāpadena anāpattiyeva, purimasikkhāpadena āpatti. Aññesaṃ bhattaṃ deti na dāpetīti ettha sacepi dāpeyya, iminā sikkhāpadena āpatti bhaveyya. Dentiyā pana neva iminā na purimena āpatti. Sesamettha uttānameva. Kathinasamuṭṭhānaṃ – kiriyākiriyaṃ, nosaññāvimokkhaṃ, acittakaṃ, paṇṇattivajjaṃ, kāyakammaṃ, vacīkammaṃ, ticittaṃ, tivedananti.
三、第三应悔过学处注释
3. Tatiyapāṭidesanīyasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā
562第三项:‘双方净信’指由两方净信,即优婆塞与优婆夷。据说在那个家庭中,两人皆是须陀洹。‘财富减损’:这样的家庭即便拥有八亿财富,财富也会减损。什么缘故呢?因为在那里,优婆夷与优婆塞都不守护财富。
562. Tatiye – ubhatopasannanti dvīhi pasannaṃ upāsakenapi upāsikāyapi. Tasmiṃ kira kule ubhopi te sotāpannāyeva. Bhogena hāyatīti edisañhi kulaṃ sacepi asītikoṭidhanaṃ hoti, bhogehi hāyatiyeva. Kasmā? Yasmā tattha neva upāsikā na upāsako bhoge rakkhati.
569569.“从家中取出而施与”是指:带到座堂或寺院而施与。即使在比丘尚未到来时,先取出放置在门口,随后施与到达的比丘,也是允许的。然而,《大护持》中说:见到比丘之后,才从屋内取出而施与,这是不允许的。此处其余内容显而易见。起源如羊毛戒——是身行,非无想解脱,非无心,是制戒罪,有身业、语业,三心,三受。
569.Gharato nīharitvā dentīti āsanasālaṃ vā vihāraṃ vā ānetvā denti. Sacepi anāgate bhikkhumhi paṭhamaṃyeva nīharitvā dvāre ṭhapetvā pacchā sampattassa denti, vaṭṭati. Bhikkhuṃ pana disvā antogehato nīharitvā diyyamānaṃ na vaṭṭatīti mahāpaccariyaṃ vuttaṃ. Sesamettha uttānameva . Eḷakalomasamuṭṭhānaṃ – kiriyaṃ, nosaññāvimokkhaṃ, acittakaṃ, paṇṇattivajjaṃ, kāyakammaṃ, vacīkammaṃ ticittaṃ, tivedananti.
四、第四应悔过学处注释
4. Catutthapāṭidesanīyasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā
570570. 在第四项中,“被阻挠”即与……对立。
570. Catutthe – avaruddhā hontīti paṭiviruddhā honti.
573573.“五者的告知”:意思是,在五位同法者中,差遣其中任何一位,说“我们将带来嚼食与啖食”,即便这样做了告知,也等同于未告知。‘除寺院与寺院界内’:是指除森林坐卧处的寺院及其界内;应知,当从界内出来,在途中见到比丘,或来到村落时,即便作了告知,也等同于未告知。‘若有危险,应说明有危险’:为何应说明?为了免除“寺院中有贼人同住,你们却不告诉我们”的指责。‘应说:贼人,人们在此活动’:为何应说?为了免除“他们让我们的护持者抓捕我们”的指责。
573.Pañcannaṃ paṭisaṃviditanti pañcasu sahadhammikesu yaṃkiñci pesetvā khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ āharissāmāti paṭisaṃviditaṃ katampi appaṭisaṃviditamevāti attho. Ārāmaṃ ārāmūpacāraṃ ṭhapetvāti āraññakasenāsanārāmañca tassa upacārañca ṭhapetvā; upacārato nikkhantaṃ antarāmagge bhikkhuṃ disvā vā gāmaṃ āgatassa vā paṭisaṃviditaṃ katampi appaṭisaṃviditameva hotīti veditabbaṃ. Sace sāsaṅkaṃ hoti sāsaṅkanti ācikkhitabbanti kasmā ācikkhitabbaṃ? Ārāme core vasante amhākaṃ nārocentīti vacanapaṭimocanatthaṃ. Corā vattabbā manussā idhūpacarantīti kasmā vattabbaṃ? Attano upaṭṭhākehi amhe gaṇhāpentīti vacanapaṭimocanatthaṃ.
‘对粥已告知,其附属品被带来’的意思是:在对粥作了告知后,心想‘只施纯粥怎么够?我们也要将糕饼、正餐等作为此粥的附属品而施与’,这样带来的任何东西,都成为已告知。对正餐已告知等情况,也依此理类推。又,‘听说某家已作告知,便取了嚼食等而去’,其他人也与他一起带来自己的施物,这是适当的。对粥已作告知,却带来糕饼或正餐,这也是适当的——此说见于《库伦达注》。
Yāguyā paṭisaṃvidite tassā parivāro āhariyyatīti yāguyā paṭisaṃviditaṃ katvā ‘‘kiṃ suddhayāguyā dinnāya pūvabhattādīnipi etissā yāguyā parivāraṃ katvā dassāmā’’ti evaṃ yaṃ kiñci āharanti, sabbaṃ paṭisaṃviditameva hoti. Bhattena paṭisaṃviditetiādīsupi eseva nayo. Asukaṃ nāma kulaṃ paṭisaṃviditaṃ katvā khādanīyādīni gahetvā gacchatīti sutvā aññānipi tena saddhiṃ attano deyyadhammaṃ āharanti, vaṭṭati. Yāguyā paṭisaṃviditaṃ katvā pūvaṃ vā bhattaṃ vā āharanti, etampi vaṭṭatīti kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ.
575关于病人:即使未作明许,施与病人也无犯。若已作明许,或属于病人的剩余食物——即为某一人作明许后带来的食物,其剩余部分其他人也可食用。若为四、五人作明许后带来大量食物,且他们也愿意分给其他人,这也属于明许剩余,所有人皆可食用。若食物有额外多余,解除储存后放置的,第二天也可食用。对于带给病人后的剩余食物,同样如此。然而,若食物是在未作明许的情况下带来的,则应将其送出寺院外,作明许后再取回,或由比丘们前往中途取用。若有人穿过寺院时,或森林守护者等从森林中带来给予,也应依前述方法作明许。‘此处所生’即指寺院内自然生长的;若他人将根茎嚼食等如法作净后给予,受用者无犯。但若将其带到村庄煮熟后再带来,则不可,必须作明许。其余在此处已很明了。
575.Gilānassāti appaṭisaṃviditepi gilānassa anāpatti. Paṭisaṃvidite vā gilānassa vā sesakanti ekassatthāya paṭisaṃviditaṃ katvā āhaṭaṃ, tassa sesakaṃ aññassāpi bhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati. Catunnaṃ pañcannaṃ vā paṭisaṃviditaṃ katvā bahuṃ āhaṭaṃ hoti, aññesampi dātuṃ icchanti, etampi paṭisaṃviditasesakameva, sabbesampi vaṭṭati. Atha adhikameva hoti, sannidhiṃ mocetvā ṭhapitaṃ dutiyadivasepi vaṭṭati. Gilānassa āhaṭāvasesepi eseva nayo. Yaṃ pana appaṭisaṃviditameva katvā ābhataṃ, taṃ bahiārāmaṃ pesetvā paṭisaṃviditaṃ kāretvā āharāpetabbaṃ, bhikkhūhi vā gantvā antarāmagge gahetabbaṃ. Yampi vihāramajjhena gacchantā vā vanacarakādayo vā vanato āharitvā denti, purimanayeneva paṭisaṃviditaṃ kāretabbaṃ. Tatthajātakanti ārāme jātakameva; mūlakhādanīyādiṃ aññena kappiyaṃ katvā dinnaṃ paribhuñjato anāpatti. Sace pana taṃ gāmaṃ haritvā pacitvā āharanti, na vaṭṭati. Paṭisaṃviditaṃ kāretabbaṃ. Sesamettha uttānameva.
咖提那衣的起源:有作业非作业,非想解脱,非有心,依制戒而犯,身业,语业,三心,三受。
Kathinasamuṭṭhānaṃ – kiriyākiriyaṃ, nosaññāvimokkhaṃ, acittakaṃ, paṇṇattivajjaṃ, kāyakammaṃ, vacīkammaṃ, ticittaṃ, tivedananti.