9. 道论
5 段
第九 道论
9. Maggakathā
《道论》注
Maggakathāvaṇṇanā
237现在是对「道论」所作的逐词注释。此道论为开示能断除三种颠倒的圣道而说。其中，「所谓道」意为：在佛陀教法中被称作「道」的，究竟是以何种含义而成为道的呢？在「为断邪见」等十种阐述中，前一种阐述了各道支所直接对治的烦恼。 「既是道，又是因」：为完成各自的作用，以「行道」义而称为道；以「能到达」义而称为因。如此，便说明了道的行道义与到达义。因为，在「此是道，此是行道」等经文中，行道即是道；在「道之出离义即因义」等语句中，能到达的即是因。如此，便以两两对应的言句，解答了「所谓道以何义而为道」这一提问。 「为资助俱生诸法」：指对于与之同时生起的无色法，以俱生缘、相互缘、依止缘等方式给予资助。 「为遍尽诸烦恼」：即为了断除各道所应断之烦恼，以及如前所述的其余烦恼。 「为清净通达之始等」：在此，依「何者是诸善法之始？即极清净的
237. Idāni tesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vipallāsānaṃ pahānakaraṃ ariyamaggaṃ dassentena kathitāya maggakathāya apubbatthānuvaṇṇanā. Tattha maggoti kenaṭṭhena maggoti yo buddhasāsane maggoti vuccati, so kenaṭṭhena maggo nāma hotīti attho. Micchādiṭṭhiyā pahānāyātiādīsu dasasu pariyāyesu paṭhamo paṭhamo tassa tassa maggaṅgassa ujuvipaccanīkavasena vutto. Maggo ceva hetu cāti tassa tassa kiccassa karaṇāya paṭipadaṭṭhena maggo, sampāpakaṭṭhena hetu. Tena maggassa paṭipadaṭṭho sampāpakaṭṭho ca vutto hoti. ‘‘Ayaṃ maggo ayaṃ paṭipadā’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 5.5, 48) hi paṭipadā maggo, ‘‘maggassa niyyānaṭṭho hetuṭṭho’’tiādīsu (paṭi. ma. 2.8) sampāpako hetu. Evaṃ dvīhi dvīhi padehi ‘‘maggoti kenaṭṭhena maggo’’ti pucchāya vissajjanaṃ kataṃ hoti. Sahajātānaṃ dhammānaṃ upatthambhanāyāti attanā sahajātānaṃ arūpadhammānaṃ sahajātaaññamaññanissayādibhāvena upatthambhanabhāvāya. Kilesānaṃ pariyādānāyāti taṃtaṃmaggavajjhānaṃ vuttāvasesakilesānaṃ khepanāya. Paṭivedhādivisodhanāyāti ettha yasmā ‘‘ko cādi kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ, sīlañca suvisuddhaṃ diṭṭhi ca ujukā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 5.369, 381) vacanato sīlañca diṭṭhi ca saccapaṭivedhassa ādi. So ca ādimaggakkhaṇe visujjhati. Tasmā ‘‘paṭivedhādivisodhanāyā’’ti vuttaṃ. Cittassa adhiṭṭhānāyāti sampayuttacittassa sakakicce patiṭṭhānāya. Cittassa vodānāyāti cittassa parisuddhabhāvāya. Visesādhigamāyāti lokiyato visesapaṭilābhāya. Uttari paṭivedhāyāti lokiyato uttari paṭivijjhanatthāya. Saccābhisamayāyāti catunnaṃ saccānaṃ ekābhisamayāya kiccanipphattivasena ekapaṭivedhāya. Nirodhe patiṭṭhāpanāyāti cittassa vā puggalassa vā nibbāne patiṭṭhāpanatthāya. Sakadāgāmimaggakkhaṇādīsu aṭṭha maggaṅgāni ekato katvā taṃtaṃmaggavajjhakilesappahānaṃ vuttaṃ. Evaṃ vacane kāraṇaṃ heṭṭhā vuttameva. Yasmā uparūparimaggenāpi suṭṭhu ādivisodhanā suṭṭhu cittavodānañca hoti, tasmā tānipi padāni vuttāni.
从“见道”等开始，直至最后，都是通过彼法的特征来阐明“道”的含义。所有这些文句，其义皆与“应被遍知”的解释中所说相同。如是，此处随其所应，既说世间道，亦说出世间道。而“以因的含义为道”此语，即指八支圣道。又因这就是究竟无余的道，故不再另称为“道”。至于“以增上的含义为根”等说法，则是依根等的作用而宣说，并非依道的含义。此处的“诸谛”指谛智。这一切法，依于通往涅槃的行道之义，而被称为“道”。然而，最后所说的涅槃，乃是被轮回之苦所逼迫、渴望出离的善士们所寻觅、所寻求的对象，因此也称为“道”——应作如是理解。
Dassanamaggotiādīhi yāva pariyosānā tassa dhammassa lakkhaṇavasena maggaṭṭho vutto. Tāni sabbānipi padāni abhiññeyyaniddese vuttatthāneva. Evamettha yathāsambhavaṃ lokiyalokuttaro maggo niddiṭṭho. Hetuṭṭhena maggoti ca aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo niddiṭṭho. Nippariyāyamaggattā cassa puna ‘‘maggo’’ti na vuttaṃ. Ādhipateyyaṭṭhena indriyāti ādīni ca indriyādīnaṃ atthavasena vuttāni, na maggaṭṭhavasena. Saccānīti cettha saccañāṇāni. Sabbepi te dhammā nibbānassa paṭipadaṭṭhena maggo. Ante vuttaṃ nibbānaṃ pana saṃsāradukkhābhibhūtehi dukkhanissaraṇatthikehi sappurisehi maggīyati gavesīyatīti maggoti vuttanti veditabbanti.
道论注释 终