22. 尸弃佛史的注释
22. Sikhībuddhavaṃsavaṇṇanā
在毗婆尸佛之后，其劫坏灭已，此后的五十九劫中，诸佛未出于世。佛陀的光明消逝，烦恼魔与天子魔独揽统治，无可障碍。然自此以后第三十一劫时，犹如积聚柔软、坚实而有髓之木材，浇注大量酥油所燃起之无烟火焰，尸弃佛与毗舍婆佛两位正自觉者出现于世。其中，尸弃世尊圆满诸波罗蜜后，投生在兜率天宫；由彼处命终，即于名为行善的阿卢那跋提城中，入具足最胜功德的阿卢那跋提王的第一王后——光辉似红金雕像的巴拔瓦天妃之胎结生，住胎十月，于甘蔗园从母胎降生。相师为之取名时，因他的顶髻如火焰般耸立，故称“尸弃”。他在家生活七千年，拥有三座宫殿：善月、吉祥山、人牛，以一切欲天妃为首的诸妃、二万四千名天女随侍。
Vipassissa aparabhāge antarahite ca tasmiṃ kappe tato paraṃ ekūnasaṭṭhiyā kappesu buddhā loke na uppajjiṃsu. Apagatabuddhāloko ahosi. Kilesadevaputtamārānaṃ ekarajjaṃ apagatakaṇṭakaṃ ahosi. Ito pana ekattiṃsakappe siniddhasukkhasāradārupacito pahūtasappisitto nidhūmo sikhī viya sikhī ca vessabhū cāti dve sammāsambuddhā loke uppajjiṃsu. Tattha sikhī pana bhagavā pāramiyo pūretvā tusitapure nibbattitvā tato cavitvā kusalakaraṇavatī aruṇavatīnagare paramaguṇavato aruṇavato nāma rañño aggamahesiyā rattakanakapaṭibimbarucirappabhāya pabhāvatiyā nāma deviyā kucchismiṃ paṭisandhiṃ gahetvā dasa māse vītināmetvā nisabhuyyāne mātukucchito nikkhami. Nemittikā panassa nāmaṃ karontā uṇhīsassa sikhā viya uggatattā ‘‘sikhī’’ti nāmamakaṃsu. So sattavassasahassāni agāraṃ ajjhāvasi. Sucandakasirīgiriyasanārivasabha nāmakā tayo pāsādā ahesuṃ. Sabbakāmādevippamukhāni catuvīsati itthisahassāni paccupaṭṭhitāni ahesuṃ.
他见到四种兆相之后，当一切欲天妃产下功德难称的儿子阿土拉时，他乘坐象舆，登上最胜象背，行大出离，出家修道。有七万男子随之出家。他与随众共修苦行八个月，于毗舍佉月圆满日，舍离大众聚集；在善见镇，受喜见长者之女所施蜜粥而食用；在嫩金合欢林中度过午时；随后，从名为阿诺摩达斯的苦行者处，领取八把吉祥草，趋向芬陀利伽菩提树。据说，此芬陀利伽菩提树之大小，与重阁树无异。就在当天，树干高达五十拉他那，枝叶各长亦达五十拉他那。整棵树为天香天花所覆，不仅为花所覆，亦为果所覆：树的一侧垂挂嫩果，一侧为中等熟果，一侧为未熟之果，另一侧则垂下如天食般的果实，色香味微妙具足，从各方垂挂。不仅此树如此，整个一万世界中的所有花树皆以鲜花，果树皆以果实，绚烂庄严。
So cattāri nimittāni disvā sabbakāmādeviyā guṇagaṇātule atule nāma putte uppanne hatthiyānena hatthikkhandhavaragato mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitvā pabbaji. Taṃ sattatipurisasatasahassāni anupabbajiṃsu. So tehi parivuto aṭṭhamāsaṃ padhānacariyaṃ caritvā visākhapuṇṇamāya gaṇasaṅgaṇikaṃ pahāya sudassananigame piyadassīseṭṭhino dhītuyā dinnaṃ madhupāyāsaṃ paribhuñjitvā taruṇakhadiravane divāvihāraṃ vītināmetvā anomadassinā nāma tāpasena dinnā aṭṭha kusatiṇamuṭṭhiyo gahetvā puṇḍarīkabodhiṃ upasaṅkami. Tassā kira puṇḍarīkabodhiyāpi pāṭaliyā pamāṇameva pamāṇaṃ ahosi. Taṃdivasameva so paṇṇāsaratanakkhandho hutvā abbhuggato, sākhāpissa paṇṇāsaratanamattāva. So dibbehi gandhehi pupphehi sañchanno ahosi. Na kevalaṃ puppheheva, phalehipi sañchanno ahosi. Tassa ekapassato taruṇāni phalāni ekato majjhimāni ekato nātipakkāni ekato pakkhittadibbojāni viya surasāni vaṇṇagandharasasampannāni tato tato olambanti. Yathā ca so , evaṃ dasasahassicakkavāḷesu pupphūpagā rukkhā pupphehi phalūpagā rukkhā phalehi paṭimaṇḍitā ahesuṃ.
他在那里铺开宽二十四肘的草垫，结跏趺坐，决意提起四精进，便坐下来。如此坐定之后，他摧毁了宽三十六由旬的魔军与魔王，证得正觉，诵出感兴偈：“在多生的轮回中……乃至……已尽灭渴爱。”在菩提树旁度过七个七日之后，他接受了梵天的劝请，看见随自己一同出家的七万比丘资粮成就，便经天路而行，降落在障难重重的阿卢那跋提王都附近的鹿皮园中，由诸牟尼众围绕，于众中转法轮。那时，一亿众生获得了初次现观。因此说：
So tattha catuvīsatihatthavitthataṃ tiṇasantharaṃ santharitvā pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā caturaṅgavīriyaṃ adhiṭṭhāya nisīdi. Evaṃ nisīditvā chattiṃsa yojanavitthataṃ samāraṃ mārabalaṃ vidhamitvā sambodhiṃ pāpuṇitvā – ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāraṃ…pe… taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā’’ti udānaṃ udānetvā bodhisamīpeyeva sattasattāhaṃ vītināmetvā brahmāyācanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā attanā saha pabbajitānaṃ sattatiyā bhikkhusatasahassānaṃ upanissayasampattiṃ disvā surapathena gantvā vividhāvaraṇavatiyā aruṇavatiyā rājadhāniyā samīpe migājinuyyāne otaritvā tehi munigaṇehi parivuto tesaṃ majjhe dhammacakkaṃ pavattesi. Tadā koṭisatasahassānaṃ paṭhamo abhisamayo ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
于毗婆尸佛之后，有正自觉者、两足之尊；名为尸弃的胜者，无等伦匹、无可匹敌。
‘‘Vipassissa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo; Sikhivhayo āsi jino, asamo appaṭipuggalo.
「尸弃胜者」摧毁魔军、证得无上正觉之后，转动法轮；那时有一亿众生获得了第一次现观。
‘‘Mārasenaṃ pamadditvā, patto sambodhimuttamaṃ; Dhammacakkaṃ pavattesi, anukampāya pāṇinaṃ.
当胜利者中最殊胜的尸弃佛转法轮时，
有一亿众生获得了初次的证悟。
‘‘Dhammacakkaṃ pavattente, sikhimhi jinapuṅgave; Koṭisatasahassānaṃ, paṭhamābhisamayo ahū’’ti.
再者，就在阿卢那跋提王城附近，世尊为阿毗浮王子和萨婆王子及其各自的随从们宣说佛法，令九万亿众生饮得法味甘露。这是第二次现观。故此说：
Punapi aruṇavatiyā rājadhāniyā samīpeyeva abhibhūrājaputtassa ca sambhavarājaputtassa cāti dvinnaṃ saparivārānaṃ dhammaṃ desetvā navutikoṭisahassāni dhammāmataṃ pāyesi. So dutiyo abhisamayo ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
当那位‘众中之尊’、‘最上人雄’再次说法之时，
第二次现观，在九万亿众生中得以成就。
‘‘Aparampi dhammaṃ desente, gaṇaseṭṭhe naruttame; Navuttikoṭisahassānaṃ, dutiyābhisamayo ahū’’ti.
然而，当世尊在苏利耶瓦提城城门附近的占巴树下，为摧破外道慢心、为令一切众生从束缚中解脱，而示现双神变并说法时，有八万亿众生获得了第三次现观。因此说：
Yadā pana sūriyavatīnagaradvāre campakarukkhamūle titthiyamadamānabhañjanatthaṃ sabbajanabandhanamokkhatthañca yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ karonto bhagavā dhammaṃ desesi , tadā asītikoṭisahassānaṃ tatiyo abhisamayo ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
在天神俱在的世间中，示现双神变时，
对八万亿众生，成就了第三次现观。
‘‘Yamakapāṭihāriyañca , dassayante sadevake; Asītikoṭisahassānaṃ, tatiyābhisamayo ahū’’ti.
与阿毗浮王子、萨婆王子一同出家的十万位阿拉汉，尸弃世尊坐于他们中间诵出巴帝摩卡，那是第一次集会；在阿卢那跋提城的亲属集会中，与亲属一同出家的八万位比丘，尸弃世尊坐于他们中间诵出巴帝摩卡，那是第二次集会；在财胜城调伏财护龙王时，与龙王一同出家的七万位比丘，尸弃世尊坐于他们中间诵出巴帝摩卡，那是第三次集会。因此说：
Abhibhunā ca sambhavena ca rājaputtena saddhiṃ pabbajitānaṃ arahantānaṃ satasahassānaṃ majjhe nisīditvā pātimokkhaṃ uddisi, so paṭhamo sannipāto ahosi, aruṇavatīnagare ñātisamāgame pabbajitānaṃ asītiyā bhikkhusahassānaṃ majjhe nisīditvā pātimokkhaṃ uddisi, so dutiyo sannipāto ahosi. Dhanañjayanagare dhanapālakanāgavinayanasamaye pabbajitānaṃ sattatiyā bhikkhusahassānaṃ majjhe bhagavā pātimokkhaṃ uddisi, so tatiyo sannipāto ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ –
“尸弃大仙也有三次集会，参与者皆是漏尽无垢、心寂静的如来。”
‘‘Sannipātā tayo āsuṃ, sikhissāpi mahesino; Khīṇāsavānaṃ vimalānaṃ, santacittāna tādinaṃ.
‘‘Bhikkhusatasahassānaṃ, paṭhamo āsi samāgamo; Asītibhikkhusahassānaṃ, dutiyo āsi samāgamo.
第三次集会时，有七万位比丘；
犹如莲花，虽在水中生长繁茂，却不被水所染着。
‘‘Sattatibhikkhusahassānaṃ , tatiyo āsi samāgamo; Anupalitto padumaṃva, toyamhi sampavaḍḍhita’’nti.
在此，「犹如莲花不染著」的意思是：如同生于水中、在水中茁壮成长的莲花，不染于水；那个比丘的集会虽出现于世间，亦不染于世间法——这便是其义理。
Tattha anupalitto padumaṃvāti toye jātaṃ toyeva vaḍḍhitaṃ padumaṃ viya toyena anupalittaṃ, sopi bhikkhusannipāto loke jātopi lokadhammehi anupalitto ahosīti attho.
据说，那时我们的菩萨在某处，未与尘俗混杂，成为受用城的一位国王，名为“制敌”。当导师尸弃佛抵达受用城时，这位国王率领眷属出迎世尊。他信心增长，心与眼皆流布欢喜，便率领眷属，以头面礼敬十力者那无垢的双足莲花。随后，他邀请十力者，在七日之中，依照自在大威势、家族地位、财富与信心的程度，举行了大施。他下令开启衣帛仓库的大门，向以佛陀为首的比丘僧团布施了许多贵重的衣服。他还布施了一头殊胜的大象，此象具足力量、美貌、吉祥与迅捷，配有金网编织的鬘环为饰，崭新的金色宝杖与一对牦牛尾拂尘显赫夺目，双耳广大柔软，面容光明，如月光照耀，犹如伊罗婆那神象，能摧伏敌军。布施此象后，他又依此象的价值，布施了相称的资具。那位导师便为他授记说：‘从此以后，经过三十一劫，你将成为佛陀。’所以，他这样说道：
Tadā kira amhākaṃ bodhisatto katthaci asaṃsaṭṭho paribhuttanagare arindamo nāma rājā hutvā sikhimhi satthari paribhuttanagaramanuppatte saparivāro rājā bhagavato paccuggantvā pasādavaḍḍhitahadayanayanasoto dasabalassa amalacaraṇakamalayugaḷesu saparivāro sirasā abhivanditvā dasabalaṃ nimantetvā sattāhaṃ issariyakulavibhavasaddhānurūpaṃ mahādānaṃ datvā dussabhaṇḍāgāradvārāni vivarāpetvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahagghāni vatthāni adāsi. Attano ca balarūpalakkhaṇajavasampannahemajālamālāsamalaṅkataṃ navakanakaruciradaṇḍakosacāmarayugavirājitaṃ vipulamudukaṇṇaṃ candarājivirājitavadanasobhaṃ erāvaṇavāraṇamiva arivāraṇaṃ varavāraṇaṃ datvā vāraṇappamāṇameva katvā kappiyabhaṇḍañca adāsi. Sopi naṃ satthā – ‘‘ito ekattiṃsakappe buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
‘‘Ahaṃ tena samayena, arindamo nāma khattiyo; Sambuddhappamukhaṃ saṅghaṃ, annapānena tappayiṃ.
我曾广施众多胜妙衣布，所施布帛达一亿，其数不少；
我将一头庄严华美的象乘，献给了正自觉者。
‘‘Bahuṃ dussavaraṃ datvā, dussakoṭiṃ anappakaṃ; Alaṅkataṃ hatthiyānaṃ, sambuddhassa adāsahaṃ.
我估量了象乘的价值，供养了如法的资具；
我充实了自己的心意，恒常坚固地安住于布施。
‘‘Hatthiyānaṃ nimminitvā, kappiyaṃ upanāmayiṃ; Pūrayiṃ mānasaṃ mayhaṃ, niccaṃ daḷhamupaṭṭhitaṃ.
那位名为“尸弃”的佛——世间最上导师——也授记我：
从此三十一劫后，这位将成为佛。
‘‘Sopi maṃ buddho byākāsi, sikhī lokagganāyako; Ekattiṃse ito kappe, ayaṃ buddho bhavissati.
‘‘Ahu kapilavhayā rammā…pe… hessāma sammukhā imaṃ.
‘‘Tassāhaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, bhiyyo cittaṃ pasādayiṃ; Uttariṃ vatamadhiṭṭhāsiṃ, dasapāramipūriyā’’ti.
此处，「nimminitvā」：指依照那头象的尺寸衡量后。「Kappiyanti」：许可物，即比丘可以接受和使用的物品，故称许可物。「Pūrayiṃ mānasaṃ mayhaṃ」：意思是我以布施的喜乐充满我心，令心能生起喜悦。「Niccaṃ daḷhamupaṭṭhitaṃ」：指“我将行布施”的决心恒常坚固地安住。
Tattha nimminitvāti tassa hatthino pamāṇena tulayitvā. Kappiyanti kappiyabhaṇḍaṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ yaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ kappati gahetuṃ, taṃ kappiyabhaṇḍaṃ nāma. Pūrayiṃ mānasaṃ mayhanti mama cittaṃ dānapītiyā pūrayiṃ, mayhaṃ hāsuppādanasamatthaṃ akāsinti attho. Niccaṃ daḷhamupaṭṭhitanti niccakālaṃ dānaṃ dassāmī’’ti dānavasena daḷhaṃ upaṭṭhitaṃ cittanti attho.
彼世尊的都城名为阿卢那跋提，父王名为阿卢那，母后名为巴拔瓦提，两位上首弟子是阿毗浮与桑拔瓦，侍者名为安隐，两位上首女弟子是萨其拉与马杜玛，菩提树是芬陀利树。世尊身高七十肘，身光恒常遍照三由旬而安住。他寿命七万岁，正妃名为一切欲乐，王子名为阿杜罗。他乘坐象车出离。正如这样所说：
Tassa pana bhagavato nagaraṃ aruṇavatī nāma ahosi. Aruṇavā nāma rājā pitā, pabhāvatī nāma mātā, abhibhū ca sambhavo ca dve aggasāvakā, khemaṅkaro nāmupaṭṭhāko, sakhilā ca madumā ca dve aggasāvikā, puṇḍarīkarukkho bodhi, sarīrañcassa sattatihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi . Sarīrappabhā niccakālaṃ yojanattayaṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi. Sattativassasahassāni āyu, sabbakāmā nāmassa aggamahesī, atulo nāmassa putto, hatthiyānena nikkhami. Tena vuttaṃ –
“都城名为阿卢那跋提，刹帝利王名为阿卢那；
母亲名为巴拔瓦提，她是尸弃大仙的生母。
‘‘Nagaraṃ aruṇavatī nāma, aruṇo nāma khattiyo; Pabhāvatī nāma janikā, sikhissāpi mahesino.
阿毗浮与桑巴瓦，是两位上首弟子；
尸弃大仙的侍者，名为安隐作者；
‘‘Abhibhū sambhavo ceva, ahesuṃ aggasāvakā; Khemaṅkaro nāmupaṭṭhāko, sikhissāpi mahesino.
萨珂拉与莲花，是两位上首女弟子；
彼世尊的菩提树，名为“白莲”。
‘‘Sakhilā ca padumā ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvikā; Bodhi tassa bhagavato, puṇḍarīkoti vuccati.
西利瓦达与喜悦，是两位上首男侍者；
质多与善护是两位上首女侍者。
‘‘Sirivaḍḍho ca nando ca, ahesuṃ aggupaṭṭhakā; Cittā ceva suguttā ca, ahesuṃ aggupaṭṭhikā.
那位佛陀，身高七十肘；
身色如金闪耀，具足三十二殊胜相。
‘‘Uccattanena so buddho, sattatihatthamuggato; Kañcanagghiyasaṅkāso, dvattiṃsavaralakkhaṇo.
‘‘Tassāpi byāmappabhā kāyā, divārattiṃ nirantaraṃ; Disodisaṃ niccharanti, tīṇi yojanaso pabhā.
那位大仙，寿量七万岁；
他安住于世间如此之久，度化了众多众生。
‘‘Sattativassasahassāni, āyu tassa mahesino; Tāvatā tiṭṭhamāno so, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.
降下法雨，润泽了包括天人在内的世间，
引导他们抵达安隐的涅槃后，他与弟子们俱入涅槃。
‘‘Dhammameghaṃ pavassetvā, temayitvā sadevake; Khemantaṃ pāpayitvāna, nibbuto so sasāvako.
具足八十随形好，及三十二殊胜大人相，
那一切已尽消失，诸行岂不皆是空无？
‘‘Anubyañjanasampannaṃ, dvattiṃsavaralakkhaṇaṃ; Sabbaṃ tamantarahitaṃ, nanu rittā sabbasaṅkhārā’’ti.
此处，「蓬达利卡」指白芒花树。「光耀三由旬」意为其光芒遍照三由旬。「法云」指法雨，亦即佛陀降下法雨之云。「滋润」是以宣说法要之水浸润、遍洒之意。「含括天人的」指含括诸天在内的一切众生。「安稳的终点」即安稳的终点——涅槃。「具足随形好」是说：世尊之身具足铜色指甲、高挺鼻梁、手指修长等八十种随形好，并由三十二大人相所庄严。据说尸弃正自觉者般涅槃于有戒城的马园。
Tattha puṇḍarīkoti setambarukkho. Tīṇi yojanaso pabhāti tīṇi yojanāni pabhā niccharantīti attho. Dhammameghanti dhammavassaṃ, dhammavassanako buddhamegho. Temayitvāti dhammakathāsalilena temetvā, siñcitvāti attho. Sadevaketi sadevake satte. Khemantanti khemantaṃ nibbānaṃ . Anubyañjanasampannanti tambanakhatuṅganāsavaṭṭaṅgulitādīhi asītiyā anubyañjanehi sampannaṃ, dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ bhagavato sarīranti attho. Sikhī kira sammāsambuddho sīlavatīnagare assārāme parinibbāyi.
如同火焰，以苦行在世间炽燃闪耀；如同孔雀，在雨云来临前引吭高鸣；
尸弃大仙舍弃了烦恼之薪，如同火焰归于寂静，善逝已般涅槃。
‘‘Sikhīva loke tapasā jalitvā, sikhīva meghāgamane naditvā; Sikhī mahesindhanavippahīno, sikhīva santiṃ sugato gato so’’.
据说，尸弃世尊的舍利完整地结成一块，未曾散开。整个赡部洲的人民建造了一座高三由旬、七宝所成、壮丽如雪山的佛塔。至于其余的偈颂，其义便很清楚。
Sikhissa kira bhagavato dhātuyo ekagghanāva hutvā aṭṭhaṃsu na vippakiriṃsu. Sakalajambudīpavāsino pana manussā tiyojanubbedhaṃ sattaratanamayaṃ himagirisadisasobhaṃ thūpamakaṃsu. Sesamettha gāthāsu pākaṭamevāti.
