56. 耶舍品显示巴利原文
56. Yasavaggo
1. 耶舍长老譬喻注释显示巴利原文
1. Yasattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
在第六个五十篇的第一篇譬喻中,以“潜入大海”等为开端的,是耶舍长老的譬喻。他也在过去诸佛前累积了修行资粮,在种种生命形态中积集了成为解脱之缘的善业。在善慧世尊的时代,他是一位具大神力的龙王,将以上首为佛陀的比丘僧团迎请至自己的住处,广行大布施。他以极为贵重的三衣供养世尊,又以极为贵重的单套衣袍及一切沙门资具,一一供养每位比丘。凭借这些善业,他在天界与人界中流转。在悉达多佛的时代,他投生为一位长者之子,以七种宝物供养了大菩提场。在迦叶世尊的时代,他于教法中出家,修习沙门法。他如此仅在天、人这样的善趣中流转,到了我们世尊的时代,于波罗奈城投生为一位大富长者的儿子。他的母亲正是曾以乳粥供养世尊的善生(Sujātā)长者之女。他名叫耶舍,身体极为娇嫩。他有三座殿堂:冬季用的、夏季用的和雨季用的。雨季时,他在雨季殿堂里,伴着由女子演奏的音乐,愉悦地度过四个月,甚至不到下层的殿堂去。冬季时,他在冬季殿堂里,于门窗装有防风设施之处居住四个月。夏季时,他便待在多门多窗并装好纱网的夏季殿堂显示巴利原文
Chappaññāsame vagge paṭhamāpadāne mahāsamuddaṃ oggayhātiādikaṃ āyasmato yasattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle mahānubhāvo nāgarājā hutvā buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ attano bhavanaṃ netvā mahādānaṃ pavattesi, bhagavantaṃ mahagghena ticīvarena acchādesi, ekekañca bhikkhuṃ mahaggheneva paccekadussayugena sabbena ca samaṇaparikkhārena. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle seṭṭhiputto hutvā mahābodhimaṇḍalaṃ sattahi ratanehi pūjesi. Kassapassa bhagavato kāle sāsane pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ akāsi. Evaṃ so sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle bārāṇasiyaṃ mahāvibhavassa seṭṭhino putto hutvā sujātāya bhagavato khīrapāyāsaṃ dinnāya seṭṭhidhītāya kucchimhi nibbatti, yaso nāma nāmena paramasukhumālo. Tassa tayo pāsādā honti – eko hemantiko, eko gimhiko, eko vassikoti. So vassike pāsāde vassike cattāro māse nippurisehi tūriyehi paricārayamāno vasati, heṭṭhāpāsādaṃ na otarati. Hemantike pāsāde cattāro māse suphusitavātapānakavāṭe tattheva paṭivasati. Gimhike pāsāde bahukavāṭavātapānajālāhi sampanne tattheva vasati. Hatthapādānaṃ sukhumālatāya bhūmiyaṃ nisajjādikiccaṃ natthi. Simbalitulādipuṇṇasabhāve attharitvā tattha upadhānāni kiccāni karoti. Evaṃ devaloke devakumāro viya pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitassa samaṅgībhūtassa paricārayamānassa paṭikacceva niddā okkami, parijanassāpi niddā okkami, sabbarattiyo ca telapadīpo jhāyati. Atha kho yaso kulaputto paṭikacceva pabujjhitvā addasa sakaṃ parijanaṃ supantaṃ aññissā kacche vīṇaṃ, aññissā kaṇṭhe mudiṅgaṃ, aññissā kacche āḷambaraṃ, aññaṃ vikesikaṃ, vikkheḷikaṃ, aññā vippalapantiyo hatthapattaṃ susānaṃ maññe, disvānassa ādīnavo pāturahosi, nibbidāya cittaṃ saṇṭhāsi. Atha kho yaso kulaputto udānaṃ udānesi – ‘‘upaddutaṃ vata bho, upassaṭṭhaṃ vata bho’’ti.
那时,善男子耶舍穿上金缕鞋,来到宅邸大门。非人为他打开门,心想:“莫让任何人障碍善男子耶舍从在家而出家。”随后,善男子耶舍来到城门,非人又为他打开城门,心想:“莫让任何人障碍善男子耶舍从在家而出家。”接着,善男子耶舍便前往仙人堕处的鹿野苑。显示巴利原文
Atha kho yaso kulaputto suvaṇṇapādukāyo ārohitvā yena nivesanadvāraṃ tenupasaṅkami, amanussā dvāraṃ vivariṃsu – ‘‘mā yasassa kulaputtassa koci antarāyamakāsi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. Atha kho yaso kulaputto yena nagaradvāraṃ tenupasaṅkami, amanussā dvāraṃ vivariṃsu – ‘‘mā yasassa kulaputtassa koci antarāyamakāsi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. Atha kho yaso kulaputto yena isipatanaṃ migadāyo tenupasaṅkami.
那时,世尊于破晓时分起身,在露天处经行。世尊远远望见善男子耶舍正走过来,见后便从经行处下来,坐在敷好的座位上。那时,善男子耶舍在离世尊不远处发出这样的感叹:“真是压抑啊!真是窒息啊!”世尊便对善男子耶舍说:“耶舍,此处没有压抑,此处没有窒息。来,耶舍,坐下,我为你说法。”那时,善男子耶舍心想:“据说此处没有压抑,也没有窒息。”他欢喜踊跃,脱下金缕鞋,来到世尊面前,顶礼世尊后,坐在一旁。世尊为坐在一旁的善男子耶舍次第开示,即:布施论、戒论、生天论,以及诸欲的过患、卑劣与染污,并出离的功德。当世尊了知善男子耶舍的心已调柔、无碍、欢喜并具足净信时,便为他开示诸佛最胜的教法——苦、集、灭、道。正如一块洁净、无有污点的布能完全吸收染料,善男子耶舍就在那座席之上,生起远离尘垢的法眼,了知:“凡是生起之法,皆是灭尽之法。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya ajjhokāse caṅkamati, addasā kho bhagavā yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ, disvāna caṅkamā orohitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho yaso kulaputto bhagavato avidūre udānaṃ udānesi – ‘‘upaddutaṃ vata bho, upassaṭṭhaṃ vata bho’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idaṃ kho, yasa, anupaddutaṃ, idaṃ anupassaṭṭhaṃ, ehi, yasa, nisīda, dhammaṃ te desessāmī’’ti. Atha kho yaso kulaputto, ‘‘idaṃ kira anupaddutaṃ, idaṃ anupassaṭṭha’’nti haṭṭho udaggo suvaṇṇapādukāhi orohitvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinnassa kho yasassa kulaputtassa bhagavā anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi, seyyathidaṃ, dānakathaṃ sīlakathaṃ saggakathaṃ kāmānaṃ ādīnavaṃ okāraṃ saṃkilesaṃ nekkhamme ānisaṃsaṃ pakāsesi. Yadā bhagavā aññāsi yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ kallacittaṃ muducittaṃ vinīvaraṇacittaṃ udaggacittaṃ pasannacittaṃ, atha yā buddhānaṃ sāmukkaṃsikā dhammadesanā, taṃ pakāsesi dukkhaṃ samudayaṃ nirodhaṃ maggaṃ. Seyyathāpi nāma suddhaṃ vatthaṃ apagatakāḷakaṃ sammadeva rajanaṃ paṭiggaṇheyya, evameva yasassa kulaputtassa tasmiṃyeva āsane virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi – ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti.
那时,善男子耶舍的母亲登上殿堂,不见善男子耶舍,便前往长者居士那里;到了之后,对长者居士这样说:“居士,你的儿子耶舍不见了。”于是,长者居士遣出信使前往四方后,亲自前往仙人堕处的鹿野苑。长者居士看见金缕鞋被脱下放置之处,见后便循迹追随而去。世尊远远望见长者居士走来,见后心想:“我今应当示现如此神通,令坐于此处的长者居士不见也坐于此处的善男子耶舍。”于是,世尊便示现了那样的神通。那时,长者居士来到世尊面前,对世尊这样说:“尊者,世尊可曾见到善男子耶舍吗?”“居士,既如此,请坐。或许你坐在这里,便能见到坐在这里的善男子耶舍。”那时,长者居士心想:“原来我坐在这里,便能见到坐在这里的善男子耶舍!”他欢喜踊跃,顶礼世尊后,坐在一旁。世尊为坐在一旁的长者居士次第开示……(中略)……不再依从他人之教,对世尊这样说:“真是殊胜啊,尊者!真是殊胜啊,尊者!尊者,就好像有人把倒下的扶起来,把隐藏的揭开,为迷路的人指明道路,或在黑暗中举起油灯,让有眼睛的人看见种种色。显示巴利原文
Atha kho yasassa kulaputtassa mātā pāsādaṃ abhiruhitvā yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ apassantī yena seṭṭhi gahapati tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā seṭṭhiṃ gahapatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘putto te gahapati yaso na dissatī’’ti. Atha kho, seṭṭhi gahapati, catuddisā assadūte uyyojetvā sāmaṃyeva yena isipatanaṃ migadāyo tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho, seṭṭhi gahapati, suvaṇṇapādukānaṃ nikkhepaṃ, disvāna taṃyeva anugamāsi. Addasā kho bhagavā seṭṭhiṃ gahapatiṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ, disvāna bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhareyyaṃ, yathā seṭṭhi gahapati idha nisinno idha nisinnaṃ yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ na passeyyā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharesi. Atha kho seṭṭhi gahapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘api, bhante, bhagavā yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ passeyyā’’ti. Tena hi gahapati nisīda, appeva nāma idha nisinno idha nisinnaṃ yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ passeyyāsīti. Atha kho seṭṭhi gahapati ‘‘idheva kirāhaṃ nisinno idha nisinnaṃ yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ passissāmī’’ti haṭṭho udaggo bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinnassa kho seṭṭhissa gahapatissa bhagavā anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi…pe… aparappaccayo atthu sāsane bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ bhante, abhikkantaṃ bhante, seyyathāpi , bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti, evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca, upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Sova loke paṭhamaṃ upāsako ahosi tevāciko.
那时,世尊正为善男子耶舍的父亲说法,善男子耶舍随念着自己所见到、所证知的境界,心无所执著而从诸漏中解脱。当时世尊心中思惟:“我对善男子耶舍的父亲说法时,善男子耶舍正随念所见所知的境界,其心已无执著,从诸漏中解脱。善男子耶舍再也不可能退转,像往昔在家时那样受用欲乐了。我应收回那个神变才是。”于是世尊收回了那个神变。长者居士看见了坐在那里的善男子耶舍,见后便对善男子耶舍说:“亲爱的耶舍,你的母亲正深陷悲泣与忧伤,救救你的母亲吧。”这时,善男子耶舍望向世尊。于是世尊对长者居士说:“居士,你认为如何?若有人如你一般,以有学之智、有学之见见法、了法,并随念所见所知的境界,心无所执著而从诸漏中解脱,居士,这样的人还可能退转,像往昔在家时那样受用欲乐吗?”“这不可能,尊者。”“居士,善男子耶舍正是如你这般,以有学之智、有学之见见法、了法,随念所见所知的境界,心无所执著而从诸漏中解脱。居士,善男子耶舍再也不可能退转,像往昔在家时那样受用欲乐了。”“尊者!这对善男子耶舍来说……显示巴利原文
Atha kho yasassa kulaputtassa pituno dhamme desiyamāne yathādiṭṭhaṃ yathāviditaṃ bhūmiṃ paccavekkhantassa anupādāya āyavehi cittaṃ vimucci. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘yasassa kho kulaputtassa pituno dhamme desiyamāne yathādiṭṭhaṃ yathāviditaṃ bhūmiṃ paccavekkhantassa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ, abhabbo kho yaso kulaputto hīnāyāvattitvā kāme paribhuñjituṃ, seyyathāpi pubbe agārikabhūto, yaṃnūnāhaṃ taṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ paṭippassambheyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā taṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ paṭippassambhesi. Addasā kho seṭṭhi gahapati yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ nisinnaṃ, disvāna yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mātā te tāta, yasa, paridevasokasamāpannā, dehi mātuyā jīvita’’nti. Atha kho yaso kulaputto bhagavantaṃ ullokesi. Atha kho bhagavā seṭṭhiṃ gahapatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gahapati, yassa sekkhena ñāṇena sekkhena dassanena dhammo diṭṭho vidito seyyathāpi tayā, tassa yathādiṭṭhaṃ yathāviditaṃ bhūmiṃ paccavekkhantassa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ, bhabbo nu kho so, gahapati, hīnāyāvattitvā kāme paribhuñjituṃ seyyathāpi pubbe agārikabhūto’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yasassa kho, gahapati, kulaputtassa sekkhena ñāṇena sekkhena dassanena dhammo diṭṭho vidito seyyathāpi tayā, tassa yathādiṭṭhaṃ yathāviditaṃ bhūmiṃ paccavekkhantassa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ, abhabbo kho, gahapati, yaso kulaputto hīnāyāvattitvā kāme paribhuñjituṃ seyyathāpi pubbe agārikabhūto’’ti. ‘‘Lābhā, bhante, yasassa kulaputtassa, suladdhaṃ, bhante, yasassa kulaputtassa , yathā yasassa kulaputtassa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ, adhivāsetu me, bhante bhagavā, ajjatanāya bhattaṃ yasena kulaputtena pacchāsamaṇenā’’ti . ‘‘Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena’’. Atha kho seṭṭhi gahapati , bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho yaso kulaputto acirapakkante seṭṭhimhi gahapatimhi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti. ‘‘Ehi bhikkhū’’ti bhagavā avoca – ‘‘svākkhāto dhammo, cara brahmacariyaṃ sammā dukkhassa antakiriyāyā’’ti, sāva tassa āyasmato upasampadā ahosi.
1 成为阿拉汉后,他心生喜悦,为宣说自己过去所行的事迹,说了“潜入大海……”等偈颂。其中,“大海”(samudda):因为能藉指环印清楚地标示出来,所以称为 samudda;或者,因为它会激烈地涌动、摇荡、激荡,发出巨响而翻滚,所以称为 samudda。它既是巨大的,又是海,故称“大海”,指那广大的海洋。“潜入”(oggayhā):即跳入、没入其中,指进入那大海的内部。应知此处是以宾格形式表达属格的意义。“我的住处善加修建”一句中,众生在那里出生、投生、居住,或者以行、住、坐、卧四种威仪而安住,故称“住处”(bhavana)。我的那座住处、那座天宫、那座殿堂,如同建有重重城墙及尖顶楼阁的城市一般,被极其善巧地建造了起来,这是说以自身威力巧妙地化现。“精心建造的池塘”:所谓池塘,是因它广大、有来有去、可流行、被挖掘、被造作。这里指具有鱼、鳖、鲜花、沙岸、台阶、甘甜之水等,精心建造、变化出来的池塘。“鸳鸯等啼鸣”:是指这个池塘被鸳鸯、雉、天鹅等的鸣叫声所充满、所……显示巴利原文
1. Arahā pana hutvā somanassajāto attano pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento mahāsamuddaṃ oggayhātiādimāha. Tattha samuddanti aṅgulimuddāya saṃ suṭṭhu dassetabbato samuddo, atha vā saṃ suṭṭhu udiyati khobhiyati pasodhiyati ghosanaṃ karonto āluḷiyatīti samuddo, mahanto ca so samuddo cāti mahāsamuddo, taṃ mahāsamuddaṃ. Oggayhāti ajjhogāhetvā abbhantaraṃ pavisitvā tassa mahāsamuddassa anto pavisitvā, sāmyatthe cetaṃ upayogavacananti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Bhavanaṃ me sumāpitanti ettha bhavanti nibbattanti nivasanti catūhi iriyāpathehi vāsaṃ kappenti etthāti bhavanaṃ, mayhaṃ taṃ bhavanaṃ taṃ vimānaṃ taṃ pāsādaṃ pañcapākārakūṭāgārehi saṃ suṭṭhu māpitaṃ nagaraṃ, attano balena suṭṭhu nimmitanti attho. Sunimmitā pokkharaṇīti sumahantā hutvā bhūtā itā gatā pavattā khaṇitā katāti pokkharaṇī, macchakacchapapupphapulinatitthamadhurodakādīhi suṭṭhu nibbattā nimmitāti attho. Cakkavākūpakūjitāti cakkavākakukkuṭahaṃsādīhi kūjitā ghositā nāditā sā pokkharaṇīti sambandho. Ito paraṃ nadīvanadvipadacatuppadapādapapakkhīnaṃ vaṇṇañca sumedhassa bhagavato dassanañca nimantetvā sumedhassa bhagavato dānakkamañca suviññeyyameva.
关于“接受世供者”(lokāhutipaṭiggaha):世间中的供养称为“世供”(lokāhuti),接受欲界、色界、无色界世间的供奉、供养与恭敬的人,即是“接受世供者”,此处指善慧世尊。其余的授记及证得阿拉汉果的情况,都容易了知。显示巴利原文
Lokāhutipaṭiggahanti ettha loke āhuti lokāhuti, kāmarūpārūpasaṅkhātassa lokassa āhutiṃ pūjāsakkāraṃ paṭiggaṇhātīti lokāhutipaṭiggahaṃ, sumedhaṃ bhagavantanti attho. Sesaṃ byākaraṇadānañca arahattappattaphalañca suviññeyyamevāti.
2. 那提迦叶长老的譬喻注释显示巴利原文
2. Nadīkassapattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
第二篇譬喻以“莲花上世尊”等句开头,是尊者那提迦叶长老的譬喻。这位长老同样在过去诸佛处累积了殊胜功德,在流转诸有中,积集了导向出离的助缘福德。在莲花上世尊的时代,他出生于俗家,成年后一日见导师入村托钵,心生净信,便将自己种植的芒果树初结之果,色如朱砂,供养世尊。藉此善业,他在天界与人界中流转。至现在这尊佛出世时,他转生于摩揭陀国的一个婆罗门家庭,成为优楼频螺迦叶的弟弟。成年后,因有出离之意,不愿过在家生活,便出家为苦行者,与三百苦行者共住尼连禅河边,建茅舍而居。因住在河边,又属迦叶家族,故称“那提迦叶”。世尊以“善来,比丘”的方式,为他和随众授了具足戒。后来,世尊在伽耶山顶宣说《燃烧法门经》时,他证得阿拉汉果。显示巴利原文
Dutiyāpadāne padumuttarassa bhagavatotiādikaṃ āyasmato nadīkassapattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso attanā ropitassa ambarukkhassa paṭhamuppannaṃ manosilāvaṇṇaṃ ekaṃ ambaphalaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule uruvelakassapassa bhātā hutvā nibbatto vayappatto nissaraṇajjhāsayatāya gharāvāsaṃ anicchanto tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā tīhi tāpasasatehi saddhiṃ nerañjarāya nadiyā tīre assamaṃ māpetvā viharati. Nadītīre vasanato kassapagottatāya ca nadīkassapoti samaññā ahosi. Tassa bhagavā saparisassa ehibhikkhubhāvena upasampadaṃ adāsi. So bhagavato gayāsīse ādittapariyāya desanāya (mahāva. 54; saṃ. ni. 4.28) arahatte patiṭṭhāsi.
关于此事,有一段次第叙述:导师度化善男子耶舍出家后,为了调伏优楼频螺的三位结发苦行者兄弟,便前往优楼频螺。那时,优楼频螺住着三位结发苦行者:优楼频螺迦叶、那提迦叶和伽耶迦叶。其中,优楼频螺迦叶是五百结发苦行者的导师、领众、最上者、首脑和上首;那提迦叶是三百结发苦行者的导师、领众、最上者、首脑和上首;伽耶迦叶是二百结发苦行者的导师、领众、最上者、首脑和上首。于是,世尊来到优楼频螺迦叶的茅舍,到后对优楼频螺迦叶这样说:‘迦叶,如果你不介意,我想在火屋里住一夜。’优楼频螺迦叶说:‘大沙门,我倒不是介意,只是担心你——这里面有一头凶暴的龙王,具大神力,是毒蛇,剧毒猛烈,我怕它会伤害你。’世尊第二次也说了同样的话,乃至第三次,优楼频螺迦叶都这样答道:‘我怕它会伤害你。’世尊说:‘也许它不会伤害我。来吧,迦叶,请允我住火屋。’‘大沙门,那你就安心住下吧。’于是,世尊进入火屋,铺好草席,结跏趺坐,端正其身,将正念安住于面前。显示巴利原文
Tatrāyaṃ anupubbikathā – satthā yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ pabbājetvā uruvelāyaṃ tayo bhātikajaṭile dametuṃ yena uruvelā tadavasari. Tena kho pana samayena uruvelāyaṃ tayo jaṭilā paṭivasanti uruvelakassapo nadīkassapo gayākassapoti, tesu uruvelakassapo jaṭilo pañcannaṃ jaṭilasatānaṃ nāyako hoti vināyako aggo pamukho pāmokkho, nadīkassapo jaṭilo tiṇṇaṃ jaṭilasatānaṃ nāyako hoti vināyako aggo pamukho pāmokkho, gayākassapo jaṭilo dvinnaṃ jaṭilasatānaṃ nāyako hoti vināyako aggo pamukho pāmokkho. Atha kho bhagavā yena uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa assamo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sace te, kassapa, agaru, vaseyyāma ekarattaṃ agyāgāre’’ti. Na kho me, mahāsamaṇa, garu, caṇḍettha nāgarājā iddhimā āsiviso ghoraviso, so taṃ mā viheṭhesīti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ etadavoca…pe… tatiyampi…pe… so taṃ mā viheṭhesīti. Appeva maṃ na viheṭheyya, iṅgha tvaṃ, kassapa, anujānāhi agyāgāranti . Vihara, mahāsamaṇa, yathāsukhanti. Atha kho bhagavā agyāgāraṃ pavisitvā tiṇasanthārakaṃ paññapetvā nisīdi pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.
那龙见世尊走进来,心生不悦,便喷出烟。这时世尊心想:‘我现在应当以火界之力,在不伤害这条龙的皮、肉、筋、骨、骨髓的情况下,以火降伏它的火。’于是世尊运用那样的神通而喷烟。龙不堪此挑衅,喷出了火焰。世尊也入火界定,喷出火焰。二者火焰炽盛,那座火屋好似被点燃一般,猛烈燃烧,成为一团火焰。这时,那些结发苦行者围住火屋,说道:‘哎呀,那位相貌堂堂的大沙门,竟被龙伤害了!’那一夜过后,世尊在不伤龙的皮、肉、筋、骨、骨髓的情况下,以火界之力将其降伏,然后将龙收进钵中,展示给结发苦行者优楼频螺迦叶看,说:‘迦叶,这是你的龙,它的火已被火降伏了。’这时,结发苦行者优楼频螺迦叶心想:‘这位大沙门确实有大神通、大威力,能降伏如此凶暴、具大神力的剧毒龙王之火,但他还不是像我这样的阿拉汉。’显示巴利原文
Addasā kho so nāgo bhagavantaṃ paviṭṭhaṃ, disvā dummano padhūpāyi. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ imassa nāgassa anupahacca chaviñca cammañca maṃsañca nhāruñca aṭṭhiñca aṭṭhimiñjañca tejasā tejaṃ pariyādiyeyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharitvā padhūpāyi. Atha kho so nāgo makkhaṃ asahamāno pajjali. Bhagavāpi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā pajjali. Ubhinnaṃ sajotibhūtānaṃ agyāgāraṃ ādittaṃ viya hoti sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ. Atha kho te jaṭilā agyāgāraṃ parivāretvā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘abhirūpo vata, bho, mahāsamaṇo nāgena viheṭhiyatī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā tassā rattiyā accayena tassa nāgassa anupahacca chaviñca cammañca maṃsañca nhāruñca aṭṭhiñca aṭṭhimiñjañca tejasā tejaṃ pariyādiyitvā patte pakkhipitvā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa dassesi – ‘‘ayaṃ te, kassapa, nāgo pariyādinno assa tejasā tejo’’ti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma caṇḍassa nāgarājassa iddhimato āsivisassa ghoravisassa tejasā tejaṃ pariyādiyissati, na tveva kho arahā yathā aha’’nti.
在尼连禅河畔,世尊对结发苦行者优楼频螺迦叶说:
“迦叶,倘你不介意,我今夜想在此火屋中住一宿。”
“大沙门,我并非介意,只是为你的安稳着想才出言劝阻。”
这里有一条凶暴的龙王,具足神通,毒蛇之身,毒性极烈。
知道那座火屋已被许给(自己)后,无畏者、超越怖畏者步入火屋。
当两者化作同一火焰时,
那座火堂燃起了大火,猛烈燃烧,炽焰一片。
那些结发外道高呼道:‘啊!这位大沙门真是庄严!’
他们说:“他正被那龙折磨着呢。”
他将它放入钵中,向婆罗门展示了那条龙;
“迦叶,这是你的龙,它的光焰却已被那位的光焰所吞没。”
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Nerañjarāyaṃ bhagavā, uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ avoca; Sace te kassapa agaru, viharemu ajjaṇho aggisālamhī’’ti. ‘‘Na kho me mahāsamaṇa garu, phāsukāmova taṃ nivāremi; Caṇḍettha nāgarājā, iddhimā āsiviso ghoraviso; So taṃ mā viheṭhesī’’ti. ‘‘Appeva maṃ na viheṭheyya, iṅgha tvaṃ kassapa anujānāhi agyāgāranti; Dinnanti naṃ viditvā, abhīto pāvisi bhayamatīto. ‘‘Disvā isiṃ paviṭṭhaṃ, ahināgo dummano padhūpāyi; Sumanamanaso adhimano, manussanāgopi tattha padhūpāyi. ‘‘Makkhañca asahamāno, ahināgo pāvakova pajjali; Tejodhātusukusalo, manussanāgopi tattha pajjali. ‘‘Ubhinnaṃ sajotibhūtānaṃ, Agyāgāraṃ ādittaṃ hoti sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ; Udicchare jaṭilā, abhirūpo vata bho mahāsamaṇo; Nāgena viheṭhiyatīti bhaṇanti. ‘‘Atha tassā rattiyā accayena, hatā nāgassa acciyo honti; Iddhimato pana ṭhitā, anekavaṇṇā acciyo honti. ‘‘Nīlā atha lohitikā, mañjiṭṭhā pītakā phalikavaṇṇāyo; Aṅgīrasassa kāye, anekavaṇṇā acciyo honti. ‘‘Pattamhi odahitvā, ahināgaṃ brāhmaṇassa dassesi; Ayaṃ te kassapa nāgo, pariyādinno assa tejasā tejo’’ti.
那时,结发者优楼频螺迦叶因世尊所示现的这一神变而心生净信,便对世尊说:“大沙门,请您就住在这里,我将以常供的饮食供养您。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo bhagavato iminā iddhipāṭihāriyena abhippasanno bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idheva, mahāsamaṇa, vihara, ahaṃ te dhuvabhattenā’’ti.
那时,世尊住在距结发者优楼频螺迦叶的隐居处不远的一片树林中。深夜过后,四大天王以殊胜的光色遍照整片树林,来到世尊前;他们顶礼世尊后,分立四方,犹如巨大的火堆。那夜过后,结发者优楼频螺迦叶来到世尊处,对世尊说:“大沙门,时间到了,饭食已备。大沙门,昨夜以殊胜光色遍照整片树林,来至您前,顶礼之后分立于四方,其形如巨大火堆的是谁呢?”“迦叶,他们是四大天王,为闻法而来见我。”那时,结发者优楼频螺迦叶心想:“这位大沙门确实有大神通、大威力,连四大天王都来闻法,但他还不是我这样的阿拉汉。”而后,世尊享用了结发者优楼频螺迦叶供养的饭食,继续住在那片树林中。显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa assamassa avidūre aññatarasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe vihāsi. Atha kho cattāro mahārājāno abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā catuddisā aṭṭhaṃsu seyyathāpi mahantā aggikkhandhā. Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kālo, mahāsamaṇa, niṭṭhitaṃ bhattaṃ, te nu kho te, mahāsamaṇa, abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ obhāsetvā yena tvaṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ abhivādetvā catuddisā aṭṭhaṃsu seyyathāpi mahantā aggikkhandhā’’ti. Ete kho, kassapa, cattāro mahārājāno yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃsu dhammassavanāyāti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma cattāropi mahārājāno upasaṅkamissanti dhammassavanāya, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti . Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa bhattaṃ bhuñjitvā tasmiṃyeva vanasaṇḍe vihāsi.
那时,诸天之主帝释在深夜过后,以殊胜的光色遍照整片树林,来到世尊前。他顶礼世尊后,立于一旁,犹如巨大的火堆,其光色较之前更为殊胜、更为胜妙。那夜过后,结发者优楼频螺迦叶来到世尊处,对世尊说:“大沙门,时间到了,饭食已备。大沙门,昨夜以殊胜光色遍照整片树林,来至您前,顶礼后立于一旁,其光色较前更为殊胜、更为胜妙,形如巨大火堆的那位是谁呢?”“迦叶,这位是诸天之主帝释,为闻法而来见我。”那时,结发者优楼频螺迦叶心想:“这位大沙门确实有大神通、大威力,连帝释都来闻法,但他实在不是我这样的阿拉汉。”而后,世尊享用了结发者优楼频螺迦叶的饭食,便住在那片树林中。显示巴利原文
Atha kho sakko devānamindo abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi seyyathāpi mahāaggikkhandho purimāhi vaṇṇanibhāhi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kālo, mahāsamaṇa, niṭṭhitaṃ bhattaṃ, ko nu kho so, mahāsamaṇa, abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ obhāsetvā yena tvaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi seyyathāpi mahāaggikkhandho purimāhi vaṇṇanibhāhi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti. Eso kho, kassapa, sakko devānamindo yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami dhammassavanāyāti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma sakkopi devānamindo upasaṅkamissati dhammassavanāya, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti . Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa bhattaṃ bhuñjitvā tasmiṃyeva vanasaṇḍe vihāsi.
那时,深夜过后,娑婆主梵天以殊胜的光彩照亮整片树林,来到世尊面前,顶礼世尊后站在一旁。他犹如巨大的火堆,比先前的光色更显殊胜、更显胜妙。那时,那一天过后,结发者优楼频螺迦叶来到世尊面前,对世尊说:‘大沙门,时间到了,饭已备好。大沙门,那位深夜过后以殊胜光彩照亮整片树林,来到您面前,顶礼后站在一旁,宛如巨大的火堆,比先前的光色更殊胜、更胜妙的是谁呢?’‘迦叶,这是娑婆主梵天,他为听法而来。’那时,结发者优楼频螺迦叶心想:‘这位大沙门确实有大神通、大威力,连娑婆主梵天也来听法,但他实在不像我这样是阿罗汉。’那时,世尊享用了结发者优楼频螺迦叶的饭食后,便住在那片树林中。显示巴利原文
Atha kho brahmā sahampati abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi seyyathāpi mahāaggikkhandho purimāhi vaṇṇanibhāhi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kālo, mahāsamaṇa, niṭṭhitaṃ bhattaṃ, ko nu kho so, mahāsamaṇa, abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ obhāsetvā yena tvaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi seyyathāpi mahāaggikkhandho purimāhi vaṇṇanibhāhi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti. Eso kho, kassapa, brahmā sahampati yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami dhammassavanāyāti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma brahmāpi sahampati upasaṅkamissati dhammassavanāya, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa bhattaṃ bhuñjitvā tasmiṃyeva vanasaṇḍe vihāsi.
那时,结发者优楼频螺迦叶的大祭祀临近,整个鸯伽摩揭陀的人将带着大量的嚼食、啖食前来。当时,结发者优楼频螺迦叶心想:‘我的大祭祀临近,整个鸯伽摩揭陀的人都将带着大量的嚼食、啖食前来。如果大沙门在大众面前显现神通变化,大沙门的利养恭敬就会增长,而我的则会衰减。啊,但愿大沙门明天不要来!’世尊以心了知结发者优楼频螺迦叶心中的这个念头后,便前往北俱卢洲,从那里取来团食,在阿耨达池旁用过,并在那里作日间住。那时,那天过后,结发者优楼频螺迦叶来到世尊面前,对世尊说:‘大沙门,时间到了,饭已备好。大沙门,您昨天为何没来?我们也惦念着:“大沙门怎么没来?”您的嚼食和啖食,都给您留了一份。’‘迦叶,你不是这样想过吗:“现在我的大祭祀临近……但愿大沙门明天不要来!”迦叶,我以心了知你心中的念头后,便前往北俱卢洲,从那里取来团食,在阿耨达池旁用过,并在那里作日间住。’那时,结发者优楼频螺迦叶心想:‘这位大沙门确实有大神通、大威力,甚至能以心知道我心里的念头,但他实在不像我这样是阿罗汉。’那时显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa mahāyañño paccupaṭṭhito hoti, kevalakappā ca aṅgamagadhā pahūtaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ ādāya abhikkamitukāmā honti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘etarahi kho me mahāyañño paccupaṭṭhito, kevalakappā ca aṅgamagadhā pahūtaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ ādāya abhikkamissanti, sace mahāsamaṇo mahājanakāye iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karissati, mahāsamaṇassa lābhasakkāro abhivaḍḍhissati, mama lābhasakkāro parihāyissati, aho nūna mahāsamaṇo svātanāya nāgaccheyyā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya uttarakuruṃ gantvā tato piṇḍapātaṃ āharitvā anotattadahe paribhuñjitvā tattheva divāvihāraṃ akāsi. Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kālo, mahāsamaṇa, niṭṭhitaṃ bhattaṃ, kiṃ nu kho, mahāsamaṇa, hiyyo nāgamāsi, apica mayaṃ taṃ sarāma, ‘kiṃ nu kho mahāsamaṇo nāgacchatī’ti, khādanīyassa ca bhojanīyassa ca te paṭivīso ṭhapito’’ti. Nanu te, kassapa, etadahosi – ‘‘etarahi kho me mahāyañño paccupaṭṭhito kevalakappā ca aṅgamagadhā pahūtaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ ādāya abhikkamissanti, sace mahāsamaṇo mahājanakāye iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karissati, mahāsamaṇassa lābhasakkāro abhivaḍḍhissati, mama lābhasakkāro parihāyissati, aho nūna mahāsamaṇo svātanāya nāgaccheyyā’’ti, so kho ahaṃ, kassapa, tava cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya uttarakuruṃ gantvā tato piṇḍapātaṃ āharitvā anotattadahe paribhuñjitvā tattheva divāvihāraṃ akāsinti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma cetasāpi cittaṃ pajānissati, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa bhattaṃ bhuñjitvā tasmiṃyeva vanasaṇḍe vihāsi.
那时,世尊有了一件粪扫衣。当时世尊心想:‘我该在哪里洗这件粪扫衣呢?’那时,诸天之主的帝释天以心了知世尊心中的思虑后,用手掘了一个池塘,对世尊说:‘尊者世尊,请在这里洗粪扫衣。’当时世尊心想:‘我该在什么上面揉搓这件粪扫衣呢?’那时,诸天之主的帝释天以心了知世尊心中的思虑后,放下一块大石头:‘尊者世尊,请在这里揉搓粪扫衣。’当时世尊心想:‘我该扶着什么上来呢?’那时,住在迦拘陀树的天神以心了知世尊心中的思虑后,弯下树枝:‘尊者世尊,请扶着这里上来。’当时世尊心想:‘我该在哪里漂洗这件粪扫衣呢?’那时,诸天之主的帝释天以心了知世尊心中的思虑后,放下一块大石头:‘尊者世尊,请在这里漂洗粪扫衣。’那时,结发者优楼频螺迦叶在那夜过后,来到世尊那里,走近后对世尊说:‘大沙门,时间到了,饭已备好。大沙门,为什么以前这里没有池塘,现在这里有池塘?这些石头以前没有放在这里,是谁放在这里的?这棵迦拘陀树的树枝以前不曾弯下,现在树枝弯下了?’‘迦叶,我这里有了粪扫衣。迦叶,那时我想:“我该在哪里洗这件粪扫衣呢?”迦叶,那时诸天之主的帝释天以心了知我心中的思虑后,用手掘了池塘,对我说:“尊者世尊,请在这里洗粪扫衣。”迦叶,这个池塘是非人用手掘的。迦叶,那时我想:“我该在什么上面揉搓这件粪扫衣呢?”迦叶,那时诸天之主的帝释天以心了知我心中的思虑后,放下一块大石头:“尊者世尊,请在这里揉搓粪扫衣。”迦叶,这块石头是非人放下的。迦叶,那时我想:“我该扶着什么上来呢?”迦叶,那时住在迦拘陀树的天神以心了知我心中的思虑后,弯下树枝:“尊者世尊,请扶着这里上来。”这就是那棵伸手可及的迦拘陀树。迦叶,那时我想:“我该在哪里漂洗这件粪扫衣呢?”迦叶,那时诸天之主的帝释天以心了知我心中的思虑后,放下一块大石头:“尊者世尊,请在这里漂洗粪扫衣。”迦叶,这块石头也是非人放下的。’那时,结发者优楼频螺迦叶心想:‘大沙门确实有大神通、大威力,因为连诸天之主的帝释天都为他服务,但他实在不像我这样是阿罗汉。’那时,世尊在结发者优楼频螺迦叶那里用了饭食后,就住在那片树林中。显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhagavato paṃsukūlaṃ uppannaṃ hoti. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘kattha nu kho ahaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ dhoveyya’’nti? Atha kho sakko devānamindo bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya pāṇinā pokkharaṇiṃ khaṇitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha, bhante bhagavā, paṃsukūlaṃ dhovatū’’ti. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘kimhi nu kho ahaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ parimaddeyya’’nti? Atha kho sakko devānamindo bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya mahatiṃ silaṃ upanikkhipi – ‘‘idha, bhante bhagavā, paṃsukūlaṃ parimaddatū’’ti. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘kimhi nu kho ahaṃ ālambitvā uttareyya’’nti? Atha kho kakudhe adhivatthā devatā bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya sākhaṃ onāmesi – ‘‘idha, bhante bhagavā, ālambitvā uttaratū’’ti. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘kimhi nu kho ahaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ vissajjeyya’’nti? Atha kho sakko devānamindo bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya mahatiṃ silaṃ upanikkhipi – ‘‘idha, bhante bhagavā, paṃsukūlaṃ vissajjetū’’ti. Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kālo, mahāsamaṇa, niṭṭhitaṃ bhattaṃ, kiṃ nu kho, mahāsamaṇa, nāyaṃ pubbe idha pokkharaṇī sāyaṃ idha pokkharaṇī, nayimā silā pubbe upanikkhittā, kenimā silā upanikkhittā, nayimassa kakudhassa pubbe sākhā onatā, sāyaṃ sākhā onatā’’ti? Idha me, kassapa, paṃsukūlaṃ uppannaṃ ahosi, tassa mayhaṃ, kassapa, etadahosi – ‘‘kattha nu kho ahaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ dhoveyya’’nti? Atha kho, kassapa, sakko devānamindo mama cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya pāṇinā pokkharaṇiṃ khaṇitvā maṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha, bhante bhagavā, paṃsukūlaṃ dhovatū’’ti. Sāyaṃ, kassapa, amanussena pāṇinā khaṇitā pokkharaṇī. Tassa mayhaṃ, kassapa, etadahosi – ‘‘kimhi nu kho ahaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ parimaddeyya’’nti? Atha kho, kassapa, sakko devānamindo mama cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya mahatiṃ silaṃ upanikkhipi – ‘‘idha, bhante bhagavā, paṃsukūlaṃ parimaddatū’’ti? Sāyaṃ, kassapa, amanussena upanikkhittā silā. Tassa mayhaṃ, kassapa, etadahosi – ‘‘kimhi nu kho ahaṃ ālambitvā uttareyya’’nti? Atha kho, kassapa, kakudhe adhivatthā devatā mama cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya sākhaṃ onāmesi – ‘‘idha, bhante bhagavā, ālambitvā uttaratū’’ti? Svāyaṃ āharahattho kakudho. Tassa mayhaṃ, kassapa, etadahosi – ‘‘kimhi nu kho ahaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ vissajjeyya’’nti? Atha kho, kassapa, sakko devānamindo mama cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya mahatiṃ silaṃ upanikkhipi – ‘‘idha, bhante bhagavā, paṃsukūlaṃ vissajjetū’’ti? Sāyaṃ, kassapa, amanussena upanikkhittā silāti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo , yatra hi nāma sakkopi devānamindo veyyāvaccaṃ karissati, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa bhattaṃ bhuñjitvā tasmiṃyeva vanasaṇḍe vihāsi.
那时,结发者优楼频螺迦叶在那夜过后,来到世尊处。到了之后,向世尊告知时间:“大沙门,是时候了,饭食已备好。”世尊遣走结发者优楼频螺迦叶,说:“迦叶,你先去吧,我随后便来。”随后,世尊从那棵令赡部洲洲得名的阎浮树上取了果实,先一步回来,坐于火堂之中。结发者优楼频螺迦叶看见世尊坐在火堂中,见后便对世尊说:“大沙门,您从哪条路来的?我先出发,您却先回到火堂坐着。”“迦叶,我遣走你后,从那棵令赡部洲洲得名的阎浮树上取了果实,便先回来坐在了火堂里。迦叶,这个阎浮果色泽圆满、香气圆满、味道圆满,你若中意,就请享用吧。”“这就够了,大沙门,这理应是您的,您自己受用吧。”那时,结发者优楼频螺迦叶心想:“大沙门确实有大神通、大威力,虽然他先遣走了我,却能从那棵令赡部洲洲得名的阎浮树上取了果实,先我一步回来坐在火堂里,但他实在不像我这样是阿罗汉。”那时,世尊在结发者优楼频螺迦叶处用了饭食后,便住在那片树林中。显示巴利原文
Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocesi – ‘‘kālo, mahāsamaṇa, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. ‘‘Gaccha tvaṃ, kassapa, āyāmaha’’nti uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ uyyojetvā yāya jambuyā jambudīpo paññāyati, tato phalaṃ gahetvā paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā agyāgāre nisīdi. Addasā kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo bhagavantaṃ agyāgāre nisinnaṃ, disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katamena tvaṃ, mahāsamaṇa, maggena āgato, ahaṃ tayā paṭhamataraṃ pakkanto, so tvaṃ paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā agyāgāre nisinno’’ti? ‘‘Idhāhaṃ, kassapa, taṃ uyyojetvā yāya jambuyā jambudīpo paññāyati, tato phalaṃ gahetvā paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā agyāgāre nisinno. Idaṃ kho, kassapa, jambuphalaṃ vaṇṇasampannaṃ gandhasampannaṃ rasasampannaṃ, sace ākaṅkhasi paribhuñjā’’ti. ‘‘Alaṃ, mahāsamaṇa, tvaṃyeva taṃ arahasi, tvaṃyeva taṃ paribhuñjā’’ti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma maṃ paṭhamataraṃ uyyojetvā yāya jambuyā jambudīpo paññāyati, tato phalaṃ gahetvā paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā agyāgāre nisīdissati, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa bhattaṃ bhuñjitvā tasmiṃyeva vanasaṇḍe vihāsi.
那时,结发者优楼频螺迦叶在那夜过后,来到世尊处。到了之后,向世尊告知时间:“大沙门,是时候了,饭食已备好。”世尊遣走结发者优楼频螺迦叶,说:“迦叶,你先去吧,我随后便来。”随后,世尊便前往三十三天,取了波利质多罗树花,先一步回来,坐于火堂之中。结发者优楼频螺迦叶看见世尊坐在火堂中,见后便对世尊说:“大沙门,您从哪条路来的?我先出发,您却先回到火堂坐着。”世尊说:“迦叶,我遣走你后,便前往三十三天,取了波利质多罗树花,先回来坐在了火堂里。迦叶,这波利质多罗树花色泽圆满、香气圆满,你若想要,就请取去。”“这就够了,大沙门,这理应是您的,您自己留着吧。”那时,结发者优楼频螺迦叶心想:“大沙门确实有大神通、大威力,因为他先遣走了我,却能前往三十三天取来波利质多罗树花,先我一步回来坐在火堂里,但他实在不像我这样是阿罗汉。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocesi – ‘‘kālo, mahāsamaṇa, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. ‘‘Gaccha tvaṃ, kassapa, āyāmaha’’nti uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ uyyojetvā yāya jambuyā jambudīpo paññāyati, tassā avidūre ambo…pe… tassā avidūre āmalakī…pe… tassā avidūre harītakī…pe… tāvatiṃsaṃ gantvā pāricchattakapupphaṃ gahetvā paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā agyāgāre nisīdi. Addasā kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo bhagavantaṃ agyāgāre nisinnaṃ, disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katamena tvaṃ, mahāsamaṇa, maggena āgato, ahaṃ tayā paṭhamataraṃ pakkanto, so tvaṃ paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā agyāgāre nisinno’’ti? ‘‘Idhāhaṃ, kassapa, taṃ uyyojetvā tāvatiṃsaṃ gantvā pāricchattakapupphaṃ gahetvā paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā agyāgāre nisinno. Idaṃ kho, kassapa, pāricchattakapupphaṃ vaṇṇasampannaṃ gandhasampannaṃ, sace ākaṅkhasi gaṇhā’’ti . ‘‘Alaṃ, mahāsamaṇa, tvaṃyeva taṃ arahasi, tvaṃyeva taṃ gaṇhā’’ti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma maṃ paṭhamataraṃ uyyojetvā tāvatiṃsaṃ gantvā pāricchattakapupphaṃ gahetvā paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā agyāgāre nisīdissati, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti.
那时,那些结发者想要供奉火,却劈不开木柴。这时,那些结发者心想:“毫无疑问,这一定是大沙门的神通威力所致,我们才劈不开木柴。”接着,世尊便对结发者优楼频螺迦叶说:“迦叶,让木柴劈开吧。”“大沙门,让它们劈开吧。”话音刚落,五百根木柴便一齐劈开了。转念间,结发者优楼频螺迦叶心想:“大沙门确实有大神通、大威力,连木柴都能令其劈开,但他实在不像我这样是阿罗汉。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena te jaṭilā aggiṃ paricaritukāmā na sakkonti kaṭṭhāni phāletuṃ. Atha kho tesaṃ jaṭilānaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ kho mahāsamaṇassa iddhānubhāvo yathā mayaṃ na sakkoma kaṭṭhāni phāletu’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘phāliyantu, kassapa, kaṭṭhānī’’ti. ‘‘Phāliyantu, mahāsamaṇā’’ti. Sakideva pañca kaṭṭhasatāni phāliyiṃsu. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma kaṭṭhānipi phāliyissanti, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti.
那时,那些结发者想要供奉火,却无法点燃火堆。于是,他们心想:‘毫无疑问,这是大沙门的神通威力所致,我们才无法点燃火堆。’那时,世尊对结发者优楼频螺迦叶说:‘迦叶,让火燃起来吧!’‘大沙门,让它们燃起来吧。’话音刚落,五百个火堆一时全部点燃。接着,结发者优楼频螺迦叶心想:‘大沙门确实有大神通、大威力,甚至能让火燃起,但他确实不是像我这样的阿拉汉。’显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena te jaṭilā aggiṃ paricaritukāmā na sakkonti aggiṃ ujjaletuṃ. Atha kho tesaṃ jaṭilānaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ kho mahāsamaṇassa iddhānubhāvo yathā mayaṃ na sakkoma aggiṃ ujjaletu’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ujjaliyantu, kassapa, aggī’’ti. ‘‘Ujjaliyantu, mahāsamaṇā’’ti. Sakideva pañca aggisatāni ujjaliyiṃsu. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma aggīpi ujjaliyissanti, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti.
那时,那些结发者供奉火后,却无法把火熄灭。于是,他们心想:‘毫无疑问,这是大沙门的神通威力所致,我们才无法把火熄灭。’那时,世尊对结发者优楼频螺迦叶说:‘迦叶,让火熄灭吧!’‘大沙门,让它们熄灭吧。’话音刚落,五百个火堆一时全部熄灭。接着,结发者优楼频螺迦叶心想:‘大沙门确实有大神通、大威力,甚至能让火熄灭,但他确实不是像我这样的阿拉汉。’显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena te jaṭilā aggiṃ paricaritvā na sakkonti aggiṃ vijjhāpetuṃ. Atha kho tesaṃ jaṭilānaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ kho mahāsamaṇassa iddhānubhāvo yathā mayaṃ na sakkoma aggiṃ vijjhāpetu’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘vijjhāyantu, kassapa, aggī’’ti. ‘‘Vijjhāyantu, mahāsamaṇā’’ti. Sakideva pañca aggisatāni vijjhāyiṃsu. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma aggīpi vijjhāyissanti, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti.
那时,那些结发者在寒冷的冬夜,在降雪时节的八寒时分,进入尼连禅河,一会浮起,一会潜入,反复浮潜。那时,世尊化现出大约五百个火炉,那些结发者便上岸,在火炉边取暖。见到这些火炉,他们心想:‘毫无疑问,这是大沙门的神通威力所致,才能化现出这些火炉。’接着,结发者优楼频螺迦叶心想:‘大沙门确实有大神通、大威力,能变出这么多火炉,但他确实不是像我这样的阿拉汉。’显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena te jaṭilā sītāsu hemantikāsu rattīsu antaraṭṭhakāsu himapātasamaye najjā nerañjarāya ummujjantipi nimujjantipi ummujjananimujjanampi karonti. Atha kho bhagavā pañcamattāni mandāmukhisatāni abhinimmini yattha te jaṭilā uttaritvā visibbesuṃ. Atha kho tesaṃ jaṭilānaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ kho mahāsamaṇassa iddhānubhāvo yathayimā mandāmukhiyo nimmitā’’ti. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma tāva bahū mandāmukhiyopi abhinimminissati, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti.
那时,一场非时的大雨云降下倾盆大雨,暴发了大洪水,但世尊所在之处未被水淹没。世尊心想:‘我何不将四周的水排开,在中间干燥的地面上经行?’于是,世尊排开四周的水,在中间干燥的地面上经行。结发者优楼频螺迦叶心想:‘大沙门莫不是被水冲走了?’便带领众多结发者乘船前往世尊的住处。优楼频螺迦叶看见世尊将水排开,正在中间干燥的地面上经行,便对世尊说:‘大沙门,是你吗?’‘迦叶,是我。’世尊说完,便腾空而起,降落在船上。这时,优楼频螺迦叶心想:‘大沙门确实有大神通、大威力,连水都不能冲走他,但他确非像我一样的阿拉汉。’显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena mahā akālamegho pāvassi, mahā udakavāhako sañjāyi, yasmiṃ padese bhagavā viharati so padeso udakena na otthaṭo hoti. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ samantā udakaṃ ussāretvā majjhe reṇuhatāya bhūmiyā caṅkameyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā samantā udakaṃ ussāretvā majjhe reṇuhatāya bhūmiyā caṅkami. Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo ‘‘māheva kho mahāsamaṇo udakena vūḷho ahosī’’ti nāvāya sambahulehi jaṭilehi saddhiṃ yasmiṃ padese bhagavā viharati, taṃ padesaṃ agamāsi. Addasā kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo bhagavantaṃ samantā udakaṃ ussāretvā majjhe reṇuhatāya bhūmiyā caṅkamantaṃ, disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idaṃ nu tvaṃ, mahāsamaṇā’’ti. ‘‘Ayamahamasmi, kassapā’’ti bhagavā vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā nāvāya paccuṭṭhāsi. Atha kho uruvelakassapassa jaṭilassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo , yatra hi nāma udakampi na pavāhissati, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’’nti.
那时,世尊心想:‘这个愚人长久以来一直这样想:“大沙门有大神通、大威力,但他肯定不是像我这样的阿拉汉。”我何不令此结发者心生惊惧?’于是,世尊对结发者优楼频螺迦叶说:‘迦叶,你既不是阿拉汉,也未入阿拉汉道;你根本没有任何修行能让你成为阿拉汉,或入阿拉汉道。’于是,结发者优楼频螺迦叶以头礼拜世尊双足,对世尊说:‘尊者,我愿在世尊座下出家,愿受具足戒。’‘迦叶,你是这五百结发者的导师、引路人、上首、尊长、魁首,你先去告知他们,让他们随各自的意愿而行吧。’于是,优楼频螺迦叶来到那些结发者处,对他们说:‘贤友们,我欲在大沙门处修习梵行,诸位贤友请随各自的意愿而行。’‘贤友,我们早已对大沙门生起了深切的净信。如果您将在大沙门处修习梵行,我们所有人也都将在大沙门处修习梵行。’于是,那些结发者把头发、发髻、随身杂物和火祭用品一起丢进水里,来到世尊处。来到后,以头礼拜世尊双足,对世尊说:‘尊者,我们愿在世尊座下出家,愿受具足戒。’‘来,比丘们!法已善说,为究竟灭苦,修习梵行吧。’就这样,这些尊者便获得了具足戒。显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘cirampi kho imassa moghapurisassa evaṃ bhavissati ‘mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo, na tveva ca kho arahā yathā aha’nti, yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ jaṭilaṃ saṃvejeyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā uruvelakassapaṃ jaṭilaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘neva ca kho tvaṃ, kassapa, arahā, nāpi arahattamaggasamāpanno, sāpi te paṭipadā natthi, yāya tvaṃ arahā vā assasi arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpanno’’ti. Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti. ‘‘Tvaṃ khosi, kassapa, pañcannaṃ jaṭilasatānaṃ nāyako vināyako aggo pamukho pāmokkho, tepi tāva apalokehi, yathā te maññissanti, tathā te karissantī’’ti. Atha kho uruvelakassapo jaṭilo yena te jaṭilā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te jaṭile etadavoca – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, bho, mahāsamaṇe brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ, yathā bhavanto maññanti tathā karontū’’ti. ‘‘Cirapaṭikā mayaṃ, bho, mahāsamaṇe abhippasannā, sace bhavaṃ mahāsamaṇe brahmacariyaṃ carissati, sabbeva mayaṃ mahāsamaṇe brahmacariyaṃ carissāmā’’ti. Atha kho te jaṭilā kesamissaṃ jaṭāmissaṃ khārikājamissaṃ aggihutamissaṃ udake pavāhetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘labheyyāma mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyāma upasampada’’nti. ‘‘Etha, bhikkhavo’’ti bhagavā avoca – ‘‘svākkhāto dhammo, caratha brahmacariyaṃ sammā dukkhassa antakiriyāyā’’ti. Sāva tesaṃ āyasmantānaṃ upasampadā ahosi.
结发者那提迦叶看见头发、发髻、随身杂物和火祭用品被水冲走,见后心想:‘恐怕是我的兄弟遭遇了灾难。’他便派结发者去:‘去,探知我兄弟的下落。’随后,他亲自带着三百位结发者,来到尊者优楼频螺迦叶处。到后,他对尊者优楼频螺迦叶说:‘迦叶,这样是否更好?’‘是的,贤友,这样更好。’于是,那些结发者把头发、发髻、随身杂物和火祭用品一起丢进水里,来到世尊处。来到后,以头礼拜世尊双足,对世尊说:‘尊者,我们愿在世尊座下出家,愿受具足戒。’‘来,比丘们!法已善说,为究竟灭苦,修习梵行吧。’就这样,这些尊者便获得了具足戒。显示巴利原文
Addasā kho nadīkassapo jaṭilo kesamissaṃ jaṭāmissaṃ khārikājamissaṃ aggihutamissaṃ udake vuyhamāne, disvānassa etadahosi – ‘‘māheva me bhātuno upasaggo ahosī’’ti, jaṭile pāhesi – ‘‘gacchatha me bhātaraṃ jānāthā’’ti, sāmañca tīhi jaṭilasatehi saddhiṃ yenāyasmā uruvelakassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ uruvelakassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idaṃ nu kho, kassapa, seyyo’’ti? ‘‘Āmāvuso, idaṃ seyyo’’ti. Atha kho te jaṭilā kesamissaṃ jaṭāmissaṃ khārikājamissaṃ aggihutamissaṃ udake pavāhetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘labheyyāma mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyāma upasampada’’nti. ‘‘Etha, bhikkhavo’’ti bhagavā avoca – ‘‘svākkhāto dhammo, caratha brahmacariyaṃ sammā dukkhassa antakiriyāyā’’ti. Sāva tesaṃ āyasmantānaṃ upasampadā ahosi.
结发苦行者伽耶迦叶看见头发、发髻、随身用具和火祭供品被水冲走,见后便心想:“恐怕是我的兄弟们遭遇了灾难。”他便差遣几位结发者:“去,查探我兄弟们的下落。”随后,他亲自带着两百位结发者,一同前往尊者优楼频螺迦叶的住处。到达后,他对尊者优楼频螺迦叶说:“迦叶,这样是否更善?”“是的,贤友,这样更善。”于是,那些结发者将头发、发髻、随身用具和火祭供品一同丢入水中,来到世尊面前。他们来到后,以头礼顶礼世尊的双足,对世尊说:“尊者,我们愿在世尊座下出家,愿得受具足戒。”“来吧,比丘们!”世尊说:“法已善说,为了彻底灭尽苦,来修习梵行吧。”就这样,这几位尊者便得受了具足戒。显示巴利原文
Addasā kho gayākassapo jaṭilo kesamissaṃ jaṭāmissaṃ khārikājamissaṃ aggihutamissaṃ udake vuyhamāne, disvānassa etadahosi – ‘‘māheva me bhātūnaṃ upasaggo ahosī’’ti, jaṭile pāhesi – ‘‘gacchatha me bhātaro jānāthā’’ti, sāmañca dvīhi jaṭilasatehi saddhiṃ yenāyasmā uruvelakassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ uruvelakassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idaṃ nu kho, kassapa, seyyo’’ti? ‘‘Āmāvuso, idaṃ seyyo’’ti. Atha kho te jaṭilā kesamissaṃ jaṭāmissaṃ khārikājamissaṃ aggihutamissaṃ udake pavāhetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘labheyyāma mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyāma upasampada’’nti. ‘‘Etha, bhikkhavo’’ti, bhagavā avoca – ‘‘svākkhāto dhammo, caratha brahmacariyaṃ sammā dukkhassa antakiriyāyā’’ti. Sāva tesaṃ āyasmantānaṃ upasampadā ahosi.
依凭世尊的决意力,那五百根柴薪劈而不开,开而复劈;火燃而不起,起而复燃;灭而不烬,烬而复灭;并化现出五百个火炉。依此方式,总计示现了一千五百种神变。显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhagavato adhiṭṭhānena pañca kaṭṭhasatāni na phāliyiṃsu, phāliyiṃsu, aggī na ujjaliyiṃsu, ujjaliyiṃsu, na vijjhāyiṃsu, vijjhāyiṃsu, pañca mandāmukhisatāni abhinimmini, etena nayena aḍḍhuḍḍhapāṭihāriyasahassāni honti.
那时,世尊在优楼频螺随宜而住后,便与由一千位大比丘——全部是原先的结发苦行者——组成的僧团,一同向着伽耶斯萨出发游方。那时,世尊便与一千位比丘共住在伽耶的伽耶斯萨。在那里,世尊对比丘们说(《相应部》4.28):“比丘们,一切都在燃烧。比丘们,什么是所谓的一切都在燃烧呢?比丘们,眼在燃烧,色在燃烧,眼识在燃烧,眼触在燃烧,以眼触为缘而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,还是不苦不乐,那也在燃烧。依什么而燃烧呢?依贪火、嗔火、痴火而燃烧,依生、老、死、忧、悲、苦、愁、恼而燃烧,我如此说。耳在燃烧,声在燃烧……鼻在燃烧,香在燃烧……舌在燃烧,味在燃烧……身在燃烧,触在燃烧……意在燃烧,法在燃烧,意识在燃烧,意触在燃烧,以意触为缘而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,还是不苦不乐,那也在燃烧。依什么而燃烧呢?依贪火、嗔火、痴火而燃烧,依生、老、死、忧、悲、苦、愁、恼而燃烧。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Atha kho bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena gayāsīsaṃ tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ sahassena sabbeheva purāṇajaṭilehi. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā gayāyaṃ viharati gayāsīse saddhiṃ bhikkhusahassena. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhu āmantesi (saṃ. ni. 4.28) – ‘sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, ādittaṃ, kiñca, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ ādittaṃ, cakkhu, bhikkhave, ādittaṃ, rūpā ādittā, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ ādittaṃ, cakkhusamphasso āditto, yamidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi ādittaṃ. Kena ādittaṃ, rāgagginā dosagginā mohagginā ādittaṃ, jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi ādittanti vadāmi? Sotaṃ ādittaṃ, saddā ādittā…pe… ghānaṃ ādittaṃ, gandhā ādittā…pe… jivhā ādittā, rasā ādittā…pe… kāyo āditto, phoṭṭhabbā ādittā…pe… mano āditto, dhammā ādittā, manoviññāṇaṃ ādittaṃ, manosamphasso āditto, yamidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi ādittaṃ. Kena ādittaṃ, rāgagginā dosagginā mohagginā ādittaṃ, jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi āditta’’’nti vadāmi.
比丘们,多闻的圣弟子如此观察时,便对眼也厌离,对色也厌离,对眼识也厌离,对眼触也厌离,对以眼触为缘而生起的感受——无论是乐、是苦,还是不苦不乐,也对其厌离。对耳也厌离,对声也厌离……对鼻也厌离,对香也厌离……对舌也厌离,对味也厌离……对身也厌离,对触也厌离……对意也厌离,对法也厌离,对意识也厌离,对意触也厌离,对以意触为缘而生起的感受——无论是乐、是苦,还是不苦不乐,也对其厌离。因厌离而离贪,因离贪而解脱;解脱时,便生起‘解脱了’的智慧。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不受后有。’显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, rūpesupi nibbindati, cakkhuviññāṇepi nibbindati, cakkhusamphassepi nibbindati, yamidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati. Sotasmimpi nibbindati, saddesupi nibbindati…pe… ghānasmimpi nibbindati, gandhesupi nibbindati…pe… jivhāyapi nibbindati, rasesupi nibbindati…pe… kāyasmimpi nibbindati, phoṭṭhabbesupi nibbindati…pe… manasmimpi nibbindati, dhammesupi nibbindati, manoviññāṇepi nibbindati, manosamphassepi nibbindati, yamidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati , virāgā vimuccati, vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti, ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti.
而当这篇开示被宣说时,那一千位比丘的心无有执取,从诸漏中解脱。显示巴利原文
Imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne tassa bhikkhusahassassa anupādāya āsavehi cittāni vimucciṃsu.
29 29. 听闻了这篇‘燃烧法门’开示之后,那提迦叶长老即与无碍解一同证得阿拉汉果,心生欢喜,为了宣说自己的往昔本事,说出了以‘莲花上佛’为起首的偈颂。其中,‘最上果’是指殊胜之果,或指他自己所种芒果树初结的果实。其余内容容易理解。显示巴利原文
29. Evaṃ ādittapariyāyadesanaṃ sutvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ sampatto nadīkassapo thero somanassajāto attano pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento padumuttarassa bhagavatotiādimāha. Tattha aggaphalanti uttamaphalaṃ, attanā ropitaambarukkhassa ādimhi gahitaphalaṃ vā. Sesaṃ suviññeyyamevāti.
3. 伽耶迦叶长老本事注释显示巴利原文
3. Gayākassapattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
第三篇本事中,以“身穿羚羊皮衣……”等为开头的,是尊者伽耶迦叶长老的本事偈。他同样在过去诸佛处积累了增上善业,在种种生命中累积了成为解脱助缘的善法。三十一劫前,尸弃世尊住世时,他生于良家,成年后因有出离的倾向,便舍离在家生活,出家修苦行,在林中幽静处修建茅舍,以林中根果为食而安住。那时,世尊无伴独行,来到他茅舍附近。他望见世尊,心生净信,上前顶礼,于一旁站定,观察适当时机,将令人欢喜的枣果供奉给导师。他依此福业,流转于天界与人界,至如今佛陀出世,他诞生于婆罗门家。长大后,同样因出离的志向而舍家,出家作苦行者,与二百位苦行者同住于伽耶。因住于伽耶且族姓为迦叶,故得名“伽耶迦叶”。世尊以“善来比丘”的方式令他及其徒众受具足戒,随后,如同先前的难提迦叶那样,以《燃烧法门》开示教导他,他便证得了阿拉汉果。显示巴利原文
Tatiyāpadāne ajinacammavatthohantiādikaṃ āyasmato gayākassapattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto ito ekatiṃsakappe sikhissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbatto viññutaṃ patto nissaraṇajjhāsayatāya gharāvāsaṃ pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā araññāyatane assamaṃ māpetvā vanamūlaphalāhāro vasati. Tena ca samayena bhagavā eko adutiyo tassa assamasamīpenāgacchi, so bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ ṭhito velaṃ olokento manoharāni kolaphalāni satthu upanesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto nissaraṇajjhāsayatāya gharāvāsaṃ pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā dvīhi tāpasasatehi saddhiṃ gayāya viharati. Gayāya vasanato hissa kassapagottatāya ca gayākassapoti samaññā ahosi. So bhagavato saddhiṃ parisāya ehibhikkhūpasampadaṃ datvā nadīkassapassa vuttanayena ādittapariyāya desanāya ovadiyamāno arahatte patiṭṭhāsi.
35 他证得阿拉汉果后,满心欢喜,为宣说自己过去生的修行事迹,便诵出“身穿羚羊皮衣”等偈颂。其中,“身穿羚羊皮衣”:因出家作苦行者,故以羚羊皮为下裙和上衣。“肩负重担”:指作苦行者时,肩扛装满苦行资具的担子,即把苦行用具装满担子。“我持枣果入茅舍”:意为将枣果装满茅舍,然后安坐其中。若读作“我守护”,则是“我得枣果后便守护茅舍”的意思。其余一切内容,意义都很明白。显示巴利原文
35. So arahattaṃ patvā somanassajāto attano pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento ajinacammavatthohantiādimāha . Tattha ajinacammavatthoti tāpasapabbajitattā ajinacammanivāsanapāvuraṇoti attho. Khāribhāradharoti tāpasakāle tāpasaparikkhāraparipuṇṇakājadharoti attho. Khārikatāpasaparikkhāre pūretvā. Kolaṃ ahāsi assamanti kolaphalaṃ assame pūretvā assame nisinnoti attho. Agopayinti pāṭhe kolaphalaṃ pariyesitvā assamaṃ gopesiṃ rakkhinti attho. Sesaṃ sabbaṃ uttānatthamevāti.
4. 金毘罗长老本事注疏显示巴利原文
4. Kimilattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
第四篇本事中,以“拘留孙世尊般涅槃后……”等为开端的,是尊者金毘罗长老的本事偈。他同样在过去诸佛处种下殊胜善业,在轮回的各趣生命中不断累积导向解脱的福业。拘留孙世尊住世时,他生于良家,长大成人后,正值大师般涅槃,为供养拘留孙佛的舍利,便建造一座以松针花鬘装饰的殿堂,作了供养。依此福业,他命终后投生三十三天,此后辗转轮转于天人与人之间。至释迦佛出世时,他生于迦毗罗卫城的释迦王族,取名金毘罗。成人之后,他耽著于优越的物质享受,过着放逸的生活。世尊了知他已智慧成熟,为了激发他的厌离心,便住于安努比亚,化现一位青春年少、容貌美丽动人的女子,现在他面前,又渐次示现此女子为衰老、疾病与衰败所折磨的相貌。金毘罗王子见此景象,生起极大悚惧,向世尊坦露内心的震动,蒙世尊教诲后,便证得阿拉汉果。显示巴利原文
Catutthāpadāne nibbute kakusandhamhītiādikaṃ āyasmato kimilattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto kakusandhassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto parinibbute satthari tassa dhātuyo uddissa salalamālāhi maṇḍapaṃ kāretvā pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena tāvatiṃsesu uppajjitvā aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthunagare sakyarājakule nibbattitvā kimiloti tassa nāmaṃ akāsi. So vayappatto bhogasampattiyā pamatto viharati. Tassa ñāṇaparipākaṃ ñatvā saṃvegajananatthaṃ anupiyāyaṃ viharanto satthā paṭhamayobbane ṭhitaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ itthirūpaṃ abhinimminitvā purato dassetvā puna anukkamena yathā jarārogavipattīhi abhibhūtā dissati, tathā akāsi. Taṃ disvā kimilakumāro ativiya saṃvegajāto attano saṃvegaṃ pakāsento bhagavato pākaṭaṃ katvā laddhānusāsano arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
42 他证得阿拉汉果后,心生欢喜,为了彰显自己过去生中的修行事迹,便诵出“于般涅槃的拘留孙……”等偈颂。其中,“于具足梵行的婆罗门”是指世尊具足五种安住,达到自在之时。因为这位婆罗门以一切功德而庄严,德业增盛,所以说“在婆罗门拘留孙世尊般涅槃时”,即表此义。其余一切内容都意义显了。显示巴利原文
42. So arahattaṃ patvā somanassajāto attano pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento nibbute kakusandhamhītiādimāha. Brāhmaṇamhi vusīmatīti pañcahi vasitāhi vasippattamhi bhagavati. Brāhmaṇassa sabbaguṇagaṇehi maṇḍitattā abhivūḷhītattā brāhmaṇamhi kakusandhe bhagavati parinibbuteti attho. Sesaṃ sabbaṃ uttānamevāti.
5. 跋耆子长老譬喻注疏显示巴利原文
5. Vajjiputtattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
以“千光世尊……”等偈颂开头的,是尊者跋耆子长老的譬喻。他过去曾在诸佛面前广修殊胜善业,于轮回的种种生命形态中不断累积导向解脱的福德。在距今九十四劫前,他看见一位独觉佛正为乞食而行,心生净信欢喜,供养了芭蕉果。凭借此福业,他轮转于天与人之间,直到此佛出世时,投生于毗舍离,成为离车族王子。因是跋耆族王子,故被称为跋耆子。他年纪虽幼,即使在修学象术等技艺的时期,也因宿世因缘具足,内心常怀出离之念。他听闻世尊说法后生起坚固信心,在世尊座下出家,精勤修习观业,不久便证得六神通。证得六通之后,过了一段时间,世尊般涅槃未久,大长老们为了结集法藏而相约聚集,当时他们正分散各处安居。一日,他见尊者阿难虽尚为有学圣者,却为众多徒众围绕说法,为了策励阿难尊者证得更高的道果,便以神通力显现于空中,宣说了激励的偈颂:显示巴利原文
Sahassaraṃsībhagavātiādikaṃ āyasmato vajjiputtattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto ito catunavutikappe ekaṃ paccekabuddhaṃ bhikkhāya gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso kadaliphalāni adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde vesāliyaṃ licchavirājakumāro hutvā nibbatti, vajjirājaputtattā vajjiputtotvevassa samaññā. So daharo hutvā hatthisippādisikkhanakālepi hetusampannatāya nissaraṇajjhāsayova hutvā vicaranto satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho satthu santike pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ katvā nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā aparabhāge aciraparinibbute satthari dhammaṃ saṅgāyituṃ saṅketaṃ katvā mahātheresu tattha tattha viharantesu ekadivasaṃ āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ sekhaṃyeva samānaṃ mahatiyā parisāya parivutaṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ disvā tassa uparimaggādhigamāya ussāhaṃ janento –
你当进入树下密林,将涅槃安立心中;
「禅修吧,乔达摩!切莫放逸!这些叽喳之语于你何益?」(《长老偈》119)他诵出此偈。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Rukkhamūlagahanaṃ pasakkiya, nibbānaṃ hadayasmiṃ opiya; Jhāya gotama mā ca pamādo, kiṃ te biḷibiḷikā karissatī’’ti. (theragā. 119) – gāthaṃ abhāsi;
其中,「树下丛林」是指以树下为特征的丛林。因为有的地方是丛林而非树下,有的地方是树下而非丛林。此处用「树下」一词,旨在说明该处树荫完备,没有烈日与风暴的侵袭;用「丛林」一词,则表明那里无风吹袭,也没有人群的拥挤。两者合在一起,便说明那地方适合修行。「Pasakkiya」意为靠近、进入后。「Nibbānaṃ hadayasmiṃ opiya」意为「我应如此修行后证得涅槃」,即把涅槃安放于心,牢牢铭记在心。「Jhāya」:指通过三相(无常、苦、无我)的审察来禅修,修习与观相应的道修行。「Gotama」:是以姓氏称呼这位法之宝藏的守护者。「Mā ca pamādo」:于一切善法上不可放逸。现在,为制止长老的放逸,他说道:「kiṃ te biḷibiḷikā karissati」。其中,「biḷibiḷikā」:就是指那种吱喳作响的言语行为,如同毫无意义的议论之声。因此,这种叽喳般的言论,仅是世间的施设。「Kiṃ te karissati」:意为它能为你成就何种真正的利益。显示巴利原文
Tattha rukkhamūlagahananti rukkhamūlabhūtaṃ gahanaṃ, gahanañhi atthi, na rukkhamūlaṃ, rukkhamūlañca atthi, na gahanaṃ, tesu rukkhamūlaggahaṇena ṭhānassa chāyāya sampannatāya vātātapaparissayābhāvaṃ dīpeti, gahanaggahaṇena nivātabhāvena vātaparissayābhāvaṃ janasambādhābhāvañca dasseti, tadubhayena ca bhāvanāyogyataṃ. Pasakkiyāti upagantvā. Nibbānaṃ hadayasmiṃ opiyāti ‘‘evaṃ mayā paṭipajjitvā nibbānaṃ adhigantabba’’nti nibbutiṃ hadaye ṭhapetvā citte katvā. Jhāyāti tilakkhaṇūpanijjhānena jhāya, vipassanābhāvanāsahitaṃ maggabhāvanaṃ bhāvehi. Gotamāti dhammabhaṇḍāgārikaṃ gottenālapati. Mā ca pamādoti adhikusalesu dhammesu mā pamādaṃ āpajji. Idāni yādiso therassa pamādo, taṃ paṭikkhepavasena dassento ‘‘kiṃ te biḷibiḷikā karissatī’’ti āha. Tattha biḷibiḷikāti biḷibiḷikiriyā, biḷibiḷitisaddapavatti yathā niratthakā, evaṃ biḷibiḷikāsadisā janapaññatti. Kiṃ te karissatīti kīdisaṃ atthaṃ tuyhaṃ sādhessati, tasmā janapaññattiṃ pahāya sadatthapasuto hohīti ovādaṃ adāsi.
听闻此言,又结合其他比丘所说的离欲法音,他心生悚惧,大半夜都在经行,增进观修。随后他进入住所,刚在床座上坐下,心想:「我要躺下了。」就在头还未触及枕头、脚还未离开地面,身体将要悬空的那一刹那,便证得了阿拉汉果。显示巴利原文
Taṃ sutvā aññehi vuttena vissagandhavāyanavacanena saṃvegajāto bahudeva rattiṃ caṅkamena vītināmento vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā senāsanaṃ pavisitvā mañcake nisinnamattova ‘‘kiñci sayāmī’’ti sīsaṃ bimbohanamasampattaṃ pādaṃ bhūmito uggataṃ sarīrassa ākāsagatakkhaṇeyeva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
49 49. 后来,跋耆子长老心生喜悦,为开显自己过去所行的德行,便诵出“千光世尊”等偈颂。此处“千光”者:当知本应说为“无数百千光明”,然为偈颂韵律之便,略说为“千光”。其余文句,甚易了知。显示巴利原文
49. Vajjiputtatthero aparabhāge somanassajāto attano pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento sahassaraṃsī bhagavātiādimāha. Tattha sahassaraṃsīti ettha ‘‘anekasatasahassaraṃsī’’ti vattabbe gāthābandhasukhatthaṃ ‘‘sahassaraṃsī’’ti vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Sesaṃ suviññeyyamevāti.
6. 优多罗长老譬喻注疏显示巴利原文
6. Uttarattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
第六篇譬喻,以“名为善慧的正自觉者”等偈颂开始,是尊者优多罗沙弥的譬喻。他亦于过去诸佛处累积了善行,在种种生命流转中,积集了导向出离的福德资粮。在善慧世尊的时代,他成为一名持明者,在空中飞行。那时,世尊为了摄受他,便在林间的某棵树下结跏趺坐,放射出六色佛光。他从空中经过,见此情景,心生喜悦,便从空中降下,以极为清净、广大的迦尼迦罗花供养世尊。仗佛威神之力,那些花在世尊头顶结成伞盖形状而停住。他因此信心愈发清净。后来,他从彼处命终,投生于三十三天,享受诸天成就,于天界寿尽。从彼处命终后,便在天界与人趣之间流转。到了现在这位佛陀出世时,他在王舍城投生于一位巨富婆罗门之家,取名优多罗。他长大之后,精通婆罗门的种种学问,因其种姓、容貌、学识、年岁及戒行,受到世人尊重。显示巴利原文
Chaṭṭhāpadāne sumedho nāma sambuddhotiādikaṃ āyasmato uttarasāmaṇerassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle vijjādharo hutvā ākāsena vicarati. Tena ca samayena satthā tasseva anuggaṇhanatthaṃ vanantare aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi chabbaṇṇabuddharaṃsiyo vissajjento. So antalikkhena gacchanto bhagavantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso ākāsato oruyha suvisuddhehi vipulehi kaṇikārapupphehi bhagavantaṃ pūjesi, pupphāni buddhānubhāvena satthu upari chattākārena aṭṭhaṃsu, so tena bhiyyosomattāya pasannacitto hutvā aparabhāge kālaṃ katvā tāvatiṃsesu nibbattitvā dibbasampattiṃ anubhavanto yāvatāyukaṃ tattha ṭhatvā tato cuto devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe brāhmaṇamahāsālassa putto hutvā nibbatti, uttarotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto brāhmaṇavijjāsu nipphattiṃ gantvā jātiyā rūpena vijjāya vayena sīlācārena ca lokassa sambhāvanīyo jāto.
摩揭陀的大臣雨行看见他这等成就,便欲将女儿许配给他,向他表明了自己的心意。然而他志求出离,便拒绝了此事。他时常亲近承事法将军(舍利弗尊者),在其座前听受佛法,生起净信之后,出家受具,圆满诸戒行,随侍于长老身侧。显示巴利原文
Tassa taṃ sampattiṃ disvā vassakāro magadhamahāmatto attano dhītaraṃ dātukāmo hutvā attano adhippāyaṃ pavedesi. So nissaraṇajjhāsayatāya taṃ paṭikkhipitvā kālena kālaṃ dhammasenāpatiṃ payirupāsanto tassa santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vattasampanno hutvā theraṃ upaṭṭhahati.
那时,长老罹患疾病,为寻找药物,优多罗沙弥清晨持钵衣离开寺院。行至半途,他在池边放下钵,走到水边洗脸。此时,有一名掘洞盗贼因犯下罪行,被卫兵追捕,从大路逃出城后,将偷来的宝物包裹放进沙弥的钵中,随即逃走。沙弥回到钵旁。追赶盗贼的王宫卫士看到沙弥钵中的包裹,便说:‘这就是盗贼,是他偷的。’他们将沙弥双手反绑,带到雨行婆罗门那里。彼时,雨行婆罗门正受命审理国王的案件,执掌斩断、肢解等刑罚。他心想:‘他先前不肯听受我的话,出家成了外道沙门。’(引自《长老偈注》1.郁陀罗长老偈注释)他未审察案情,只因心生杀害,便将他活活穿刺在刑柱上示众。显示巴利原文
Tena ca samayena therassa aññataro ābādho uppanno, tassa bhesajjatthāya uttaro sāmaṇero pātova pattacīvaramādāya vihārato nikkhanto antarāmagge taḷākassa samīpe pattaṃ ṭhapetvā udakasamīpaṃ gantvā mukhaṃ dhovati. Atha aññataro umaṅgacoro katakammo ārakkhapurisehi anubaddho aggamaggena nagarato nikkhamitvā palāyanto attanā gahitaṃ ratanabhaṇḍitaṃ sāmaṇerassa patte pakkhipitvā palāyi. Sāmaṇeropi pattasamīpaṃ upagato. Coraṃ anubandhantā rājapurisā sāmaṇerassa patte bhaṇḍikaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ coro, iminā coriyaṃ kata’’nti sāmaṇeraṃ pacchābāhaṃ bandhitvā vassakārassa brāhmaṇassa dassesuṃ. Vassakāro ca tadā rañño vinicchaye niyutto hutvā chejjabhejjaṃ anusāsati, so ‘‘pubbe mama vacanaṃ nādiyi, suddhapāsaṇḍiyesu pabbajī’’ti (theragā. aṭṭha. 1.uttarattheragāthāvaṇṇanā) kammaṃ asodhetvā ghātukāmattāva jīvantameva taṃ sūle uttāsesi.
那时,世尊观察他的智见已经成熟,便来到该处,将手放在优多罗的头顶——这手掌散射着指甲的宝光,又流淌着天然朱砂与金色溶液般的光泽,交相辉映;手掌柔软,手指修长,如同光辉织网般覆盖——说道:‘优多罗,这是你过去业所生的果报,你应以观察的力量安忍于此。’随后,世尊宣说了契合他心性的法。优多罗因导师手掌的触碰,犹如受到甘露灌顶,生起净信与喜悦,获得殊胜的喜乐与欢悦。他依循熟悉的观行道路而升进,由于智见已经成熟,加上导师开示的美妙,随即依照道次第灭尽一切烦恼,成为六通具足者。成为六通具足后,他从刑柱上起身,出于对众生的悲悯,在空中示现神变。大众生起稀有奇妙之想。他的伤口立刻愈合了。比丘们问他:‘贤友,你在遭受那样的痛苦时,怎能致力于观呢?’他回答:‘贤友,我早已透彻见到轮回中的过患和诸行的本质,所以即便经历那种痛苦,我也能增长观而证得殊胜。’显示巴利原文
Athassa bhagavā ñāṇaparipākaṃ oloketvā taṃ ṭhānaṃ gantvā vipphurantahatthanakhamaṇimayūkhasambhinnasitābhatāya paggharantajātihiṅgulakasuvaṇṇarasadhāraṃ viya jālāguṇṭhitamudutalunadīghaṅgulihatthaṃ uttarassa sīse ṭhapetvā ‘‘uttara, idaṃ te purimakammassa phalaṃ uppannaṃ, tattha tayā paccavekkhaṇabalena adhivāsanā kātabbā’’ti vatvā ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ dhammaṃ desesi. Uttaro amatābhisekasadisena satthu hatthasamphassena sañjātappasādasomanassatāya uḷārapītipāmojjaṃ paṭilabhitvā yathāparicitaṃ vipassanāmaggaṃ samārūḷho ñāṇassa paripākaṃ gatattā satthu ca desanāvilāsena tāvadeva maggapaṭipāṭiyā sabbe kilese khepetvā chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā sūlato uṭṭhahitvā parānuddayāya ākāse ṭhatvā pāṭihāriyaṃ dassesi. Mahājano acchariyabbhutacittajāto ahosi. Tāvadevassa vaṇo saṃrūḷhi, so bhikkhūhi, ‘‘āvuso, tādisadukkhaṃ anubhavanto kathaṃ tvaṃ vipassanaṃ anuyuñjituṃ asakkhī’’ti puṭṭho, ‘‘pageva me, āvuso, saṃsāre ādīnavo, saṅkhārānañca sabhāvo sudiṭṭho, evāhaṃ tādisaṃ dukkhaṃ anubhavantopi asakkhiṃ vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā visesaṃ adhigantu’’nti āha. ‘‘Pubbajātiyā daharakāle makkhikaṃ gahetvā nimbasūlakaṃ gahetvā sūlāropanakīḷaṃ paṭicca evaṃ anekajātisatesu sūlāropanadukkhamanubhavitvā imāya pariyosānajātiyā evarūpaṃ dukkhamanubhūta’’nti āha.
55 后来,他回忆起过去的业行,心生喜悦,便宣说往昔所行的事迹,说道:‘名为善慧的正自觉者……’等等。以下我们仅对难解的词作解释。显示巴利原文
55. Atha aparabhāge pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassajāto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento sumedho nāma sambuddhotiādimāha. Tattha anuttānapadavaṇṇanameva karissāma.
57 「持明者」:指通过外道咒术等明而证得神变、能在空中行走的人;他以行持守护、任持彼明而不令坏失,故我生于持明者之境界。「于空中行」:边际即终了,因画出界限故称“画”(likhati),由此而有“天空”(antalikkha);或说于天界被观察看见,故称天空,即在那天空、虚空中行走之人。「手持善作的三叉矛」:三叉矛为尖锐之矛,是最胜武器。善作者,乃经由善击、善压、善碎、善打等精心制成之矛类武器,手持之,我从空中离去。其余一切如前文所述方式,随理推求即可明了。显示巴利原文
57.Vijjādharo tadā āsinti bāhirakamantādivijjāsiddhiyā ākāsagāmisamattho hutvā caraṇavasena taṃ vijjaṃ rakkhitvā avināsetvā pariharaṇavasena vijjādharayoni āsiṃ ahosinti attho. Antalikkhacaro ahanti antaṃ pariyosānaṃ koṭiṃ likhate saṃkarissatīti antalikkhaṃ. Atha vā antaṃ pariyosānaṃ likhyate olokiyate etenāti antalikkhaṃ, tasmiṃ antalikkhe, ākāse caraṇasīlo ahanti attho. Tisūlaṃ sukataṃ gayhāti tikhiṇaṃ sūlaṃ, aggaṃ āvudhaṃ. Tisūlaṃ sundaraṃ kataṃ, koṭṭanaghaṃsanamaddanapaharaṇavasena suṭṭhu kataṃ sūlāvudhaṃ gayha gahetvā ambarato gacchāmīti attho. Sesaṃ sabbaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayattāva nayānuyogena suviññeyyamevāti.
另一优多罗长老的譬喻注释显示巴利原文
7. Aparauttarattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
第七譬喻,以“当世间怙主涅槃时”等起始,是尊者第二郁陀罗长老的譬喻。这位尊者亦于过去诸佛处累积修行,于种种生中积集顺抉择分的福德。由此往后九十四劫,当悉达多佛出世时,他生于善家,渐至成年,具足智慧,于教法生起信心,成为近事男。佛陀般涅槃后,他召集亲族,行广大供养与恭敬,作舍利供养。以此善业,流转于天、人之中,至现在佛陀出世时,他出生于萨给陀城的婆罗门家,取名为郁陀罗。长大成人后,因事前往舍卫城,见到于芒果树下所示现的双神变,生起净信。随后又听闻《黑林经》的开示,信心增上,于是出家。他随同导师前往王舍城,受具足戒,如法修行,修习观行,不久便成为六通具足的阿拉汉。证得六通阿拉汉后,当导师住于舍卫城时,他从王舍城前来舍卫城,为承事佛陀。比丘们问他:‘贤友,是否已完成应作之事,达到究竟?’他便回答已证得阿拉汉果。显示巴利原文
Sattamāpadāne nibbute lokanāthamhītiādikaṃ āyasmato aparassa uttarattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto ito catunnavutikappe siddhatthassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto viññutaṃ patvā sāsane laddhappasādo hutvā upāsakattaṃ nivedesi. So satthari parinibbute attano ñātake sannipātetvā bahupūjāsakkāraṃ saṃharitvā dhātupūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sākete brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā uttaroti laddhanāmo vayappatto kenacideva karaṇīyena sāvatthiṃ gato kaṇḍambamūle kataṃ yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ disvā pasīditvā puna kāḷakārāmasuttadesanāya abhivaḍḍhamānasaddho pabbajitvā satthārā saddhiṃ rājagahaṃ gantvā upasampadaṃ labhitvā tatheva caranto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā satthari sāvatthiyaṃ viharante buddhupaṭṭhānatthaṃ rājagahato sāvatthiṃ upagato bhikkhūhi – ‘‘kiṃ, āvuso, pabbajjākiccaṃ tayā matthakaṃ pāpita’’nti puṭṭho aññaṃ byākāsi.
93 然证得阿拉汉果后,他心生喜悦,为宣说往昔所行事迹,而说出“当世间怙主涅槃时……”等偈。凡此一切,因前文已释其义,此处含义甚为明了。显示巴利原文
93. Arahattaṃ pana patvā somanassajāto attano pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento nibbute lokanāthamhītiādimāha. Taṃ sabbaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayattā uttānatthamevāti.
8. 跋地亚长老譬喻经注显示巴利原文
8. Bhaddajittheraapadānavaṇṇanā
第八譬喻:以“我潜入池塘”等为开头,这是尊者跋地亚长老的譬喻。他同样在过去诸佛前累积了善业资粮,于种种生命形态中不断积集导向解脱、作为强有力依止的福德。在莲华上世尊的时代,他投生于婆罗门家庭,长大成年后,精通婆罗门的各类学问与技艺,随后舍弃感官欲乐,出家为苦行者。他在森林僻静处建造隐修之所并住下。一天,他看见世尊从空中飞过,内心生起清净的喜悦,便双手合十恭敬而立。世尊观察到他的心意倾向后,从空中降临。世尊降临时,他便奉上蜂蜜、藕茎与新鲜牛乳。世尊出于悲悯接受供养,为他作随喜祝福后离去。他凭借此福业,转生兜率天,在那里住满应有寿量后命终,从此接连不断地只投生于善趣。在毗婆尸世尊的时代,他成为一位拥资巨富的长者,供养六十八万位比丘饮食,并以三衣敷身供养。显示巴利原文
Aṭṭhamāpadāne ogayhāhaṃ pokkharaṇintiādikaṃ āyasmato bhaddajittherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto brāhmaṇānaṃ vijjāsippesu pāraṃ gantvā kāme pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā araññāyatane assamaṃ kāretvā vasanto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ ākāsena gacchantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso añjaliṃ paggayha aṭṭhāsi. Satthā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ disvā ākāsato otari. Otiṇṇassa pana bhagavato madhuñca bhisamuḷālañca sappikhīrañca upanāmesi, tassa taṃ bhagavā anukammaṃ upādāya paṭiggahetvā anumodanaṃ katvā pakkāmi. So tena puññakammena tusitesu nibbatto tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato cuto aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto vipassissa bhagavato kāle mahaddhano seṭṭhi hutvā aṭṭhasaṭṭhibhikkhusatasahassaṃ bhojetvā ticīvarena acchādesi.
如此广修众善后,他转生天界。在那里住满寿元,从彼处命终,又转生人界。在无佛出世的时代,他以四资具侍奉五百位独觉佛;从那里死后,投生王族,治理国政。那时,他的儿子证得独觉佛菩提并安住其中,他便悉心侍奉。那位儿子般涅槃后,他收取舍利,建造塔庙,恭敬供养。就这样,他在各处造作了种种福德。直至释迦佛出现于世时,他投生为跋地亚城一位名叫跋地亚、拥资八十亿的大富豪的独生子,同样取名跋地亚。据说,当时他具有的自在、财富、随从与种种圆满,几乎与最后一生菩萨的受用相当。显示巴利原文
Evaṃ bahuṃ kusalaṃ katvā devaloke nibbatti. Tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato cavitvā manussalokesu uppanno buddhasuññe loke pañca paccekabuddhasatāni catūhi paccayehi upaṭṭhahitvā tato cuto rājakule nibbattitvā rajjaṃ anusāsanto attano puttaṃ paccekabodhiṃ adhigantvā ṭhitaṃ upaṭṭhahitvā tassa parinibbutassa dhātuyo gahetvā cetiyaṃ katvā pūjesi. Evaṃ tattha tattha tāni tāni puññāni katvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde bhaddiyanagare asītikoṭivibhavassa bhaddiyaseṭṭhissa ekaputtako hutvā nibbatti, bhaddajītissa nāmaṃ ahosi. Tassa kira issariyabhogaparivārasampatti carimabhave bodhisattassa viya ahosi.
那时,世尊住在舍卫城。为了度化跋地亚青年,他率领大比丘僧团一同来到跋地亚城,安住于生林中,等待跋地亚青年智慧的成熟。这位青年当时坐在高楼上层,打开雕饰精美的窗户向外眺望,看见浩浩荡荡的人群正前往世尊处闻法。他便问:‘这么多人要去哪里?’得知缘由后,他也率领庞大随从队伍,来到世尊的住处。他听法时,依然全身佩戴种种华贵装饰,就这样边闻法边断尽一切烦恼,证得阿拉汉果。当他证得阿拉汉果时,世尊便对跋地亚大富豪说:‘你的儿子正是如此盛装闻法而证得阿拉汉果。现今正是他出家的恰当时机,若不出家,他将入般涅槃。’那位大富豪说:‘我儿子还年轻,现在还不该入般涅槃,请让他出家吧。’于是世尊为他剃度,并授与具足戒。在那里住了七天后,世尊一行来到恒河岸边的拘厘村。拘厘村的村民对以世尊为首的比丘僧团作了盛大的布施供养。当世尊正要开始作随喜说法时,跋地亚长老便走出村子,心中暗自设定时限:‘等世尊到来……’显示巴利原文
Tadā satthā sāvatthiyaṃ vasitvā bhaddajikumāraṃ saṅgaṇhanatthāya mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ bhaddiyanagaraṃ gantvā jātiyāvane vasi tassa ñāṇaparipākaṃ āgamayamāno. Sopi uparipāsāde nisinno sīhapañjaraṃ vivaritvā olokento bhagavato santike dhammaṃ sotuṃ gacchantaṃ mahājanaṃ disvā, ‘‘katthāyaṃ mahājano gacchatī’’ti pucchitvā taṃ kāraṇaṃ sutvā sayampi mahatā parivārena satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ suṇanto sabbābharaṇapaṭimaṇḍitova sabbakilese khepetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Arahatte pana tena adhigate satthā bhaddiyaseṭṭhiṃ āmantesi – ‘‘tava putto alaṅkatapaṭiyatto dhammaṃ suṇanto arahatte patiṭṭhāsi, tenassa idāneva pabbajituṃ yuttaṃ, no ce pabbajissati, parinibbāyissatī’’ti. Seṭṭhi ‘‘na mayhaṃ puttassa daharasseva sato parinibbānena kiccaṃ atthi, pabbājetha na’’nti āha. Taṃ satthā pabbājetvā upasampādetvā tattha sattāhaṃ vasitvā koṭigāmaṃ pāpuṇi, so ca gāmo gaṅgātīre ahosi . Koṭigāmavāsino ca buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ pavattesuṃ. Bhaddajitthero satthārā anumodanāya āraddhamattāya bahigāmaṃ gantvā ‘‘gaṅgātīre maggasamīpe satthu āgatakāle vuṭṭhahissāmī’’ti kālaparicchedaṃ katvā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle samāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā nisīdi. Mahātheresu āgacchantesupi avuṭṭhahitvā satthu āgatakāleyeva vuṭṭhāsi. Puthujjanā bhikkhū – ‘‘ayaṃ adhunā pabbajito, mahātheresu āgacchantesu mānathaddho hutvā na vuṭṭhāsī’’ti ujjhāyiṃsu.
拘厘村的村民们为世尊和比丘僧团捆扎了许多船筏。世尊为了彰显跋地亚的殊胜能力,立于船上问道:“跋地亚在哪里?”跋地亚长老走上前来,于世尊前合掌而立,说道:“世尊,我在这里。”世尊说:“来吧,跋地亚,与我们同登一船。”他随即腾空跃起,站到了世尊所立的那艘船上。当世尊的船行至恒河中央时,世尊问:“跋地亚,你作大潘那达王时,所住的宝石宫殿在何处?”他答道:“世尊,就在此处沉入水底。”世尊说:“既然如此,跋地亚,你便来消除同梵行者的疑惑吧。”刹那之间,长老顶礼世尊,依神通力瞬间而至,以脚趾尖顶住那座宫殿的塔尖,将整座方圆二十五由旬的宫殿提起,腾飞虚空,更越升越高,直举至五十由旬之高。此时,他过去生中的眷属因对宫殿的深重贪恋,转生为鱼、鳖、蛙等。宫殿骤然被举晃动时,它们纷纷翻落坠下。世尊见其接连摔落,便说:“跋地亚,你的眷属正受苦痛。”长老闻世尊言,便将宫殿放下,宫殿安然落归原处。世尊抵达彼岸。显示巴利原文
Koṭigāmavāsino satthu bhikkhusaṅghassa ca bahū nāvāsaṅghāṭe bandhiṃsu. Satthā ‘‘bhaddajissānubhāvaṃ pakāsemī’’ti nāvāya ṭhatvā ‘‘kahaṃ bhaddajī’’ti pucchi. Bhaddajitthero – ‘‘sohaṃ, bhante’’ti satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā añjaliṃ katvā aṭṭhāsi. Satthā ‘‘ehi, bhaddaji, amhehi saddhiṃ ekanāvaṃ abhiruhā’’ti. So uppatitvā satthu ṭhitanāvāyaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Satthā gaṅgāya majjhe gatakāle, ‘‘bhaddaji, tayā mahāpanādakāle ajjhāvuṭṭharatanapāsādo kaha’’nti āha. ‘‘Imasmiṃ ṭhāne nimuggo, bhante’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bhaddaji, sabrahmacārīnaṃ kaṅkhaṃ chindā’’ti. Tasmiṃ khaṇe thero satthāraṃ vanditvā iddhibalena gantvā pāsādathūpikaṃ pādaṅgulantarena sannirujjhitvā pañcavīsatiyojanaṃ pāsādaṃ gahetvā ākāse uppati, uppatanto ca paññāsayojanāni ukkhipi. Athassa purimabhave ñātakā pāsādagatena lobhena macchakacchapamaṇḍūkā hutvā nibbattā tasmiṃ pāsāde uṭṭhahante parivattitvā patiṃsu. Satthā te sampatante disvā ‘‘ñātakā te, bhaddaji, kilamantī’’ti āha. Thero satthu vacanena pāsādaṃ vissajjesi. Pāsādo yathāṭhāneyeva patiṭṭhahi. Satthā pāraṅgato bhikkhūhi – ‘‘kadā, bhante, bhaddajittherena ayaṃ pāsādo ajjhāvuṭṭho’’ti puṭṭho mahāpanādajātakaṃ (jā. 1.3.40 ādayo) kathetvā bahujanaṃ dhammāmataṃ pāyesi.
98 98. 复次,此位长老证得阿拉汉果后,忆及宿世所积善业资粮,欣悦满怀。为宣说往昔所行事迹,他诵出“我潜入池塘”等偈。此中,“我潜入池塘”意谓:被称为“池塘”(pokkharaṇī)的水域,由众多不同的大水汇流开凿而成,故得此名;我为了觅食、取食的缘故,进入、浸入、跳入、完全沉入彼池塘中,拔取藕茎——即红莲、白莲之根。其余内容,因前文已以同样方式解释其义理,且文句浅显,循此理趣即易通达。显示巴利原文
98. Thero pana arahattaṃ patto pubbasambhāraṃ saritvā somanassajāto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsetuṃ ogayhāhaṃ pokkharaṇintiādimāha. Tattha ogayhāhaṃ pokkharaṇinti puthunānāanekamahoghehi khaṇitattā ‘‘pokkharaṇī’’ti laddhanāmaṃ jalāsayaṃ ogayha ogahetvā pavisitvā ajjhogāhetvā ghāsahetukhādanatthāya tattha pokkharaṇiyaṃ pavisitvā bhisaṃ padumapuṇḍarīkamūlaṃ uddharāmīti attho. Sesaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayattā uttānapadatthattā ca nayānusārena suviññeyyamevāti.
9. 尸婆迦长老譬喻经注显示巴利原文
9. Sivakattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
在第九篇譬喻中,以「当我为寻求而游方时」等开头的,是具寿尸婆迦长老的譬喻。他在过去诸佛座下积累了功德资粮,在一次次转生中,积累着导向解脱的亲依止福业。在毗婆尸佛世尊的时代,他出生在一个善人的家庭,成年后的一天,看见世尊正在托钵游方,心生净信,便取钵盛满凝乳粥进行供养。他以这项福业,在天界和人间流转投生。到了现在这位佛陀出世的时候,他生于王舍城的婆罗门家族,取名为尸婆迦。成年后,他精通各种知识技艺,由于内心向往出离,便舍弃了对欲乐的追求,出家成为苦行者,四方游历。后来他来到大师(世尊)跟前,听闻佛法,生起信心,正式出家为比丘,修习观禅,不久就证得了阿拉汉果。显示巴利原文
Navamāpadāne esanāya carantassātiādikaṃ āyasmato sivakattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto vipassissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ bhagavantaṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ disvā pasannamānaso pattaṃ ādāya kummāsassa pūretvā adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe brāhmaṇakulagehe nibbattitvā sivakotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto vijjāsippesu nipphattiṃ gato nekkhammajjhāsayatāya kāme pahāya tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā vicaranto satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
117 证得阿拉汉果后,他心怀喜悦,为宣说自己过去所行善业的事迹,便诵出“当我为寻求而游方时”等偈颂。这些内容都明白易懂。显示巴利原文
117. Arahattaṃ patvā somanassajāto attano pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento esanāya carantassātiādimāha. Taṃ sabbaṃ suviññeyyamevāti.
第十 优波摩长老譬喻注释显示巴利原文
10. Upavānattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
在第十篇譬喻中,以“名为莲花上佛的胜者”等开头的,是尊者优波摩长老的譬喻。据说他在过去诸佛那里积集了许多善业,在生生世世的流转中,积累着导向解脱的亲依止福德。由于一种业障的缘故,在莲花上佛世尊的时代,他出生于贫穷家庭。当他成年时,正值世尊般涅槃,他收取世尊的舍利,与人、天、龙、金翅鸟、夜叉、鸠槃荼、乾闼婆等一起,建造了一座七宝所成、高达七由旬的塔庙。他在那里将自己的郁多罗僧(上衣)洗净,系在竹竿顶端,制成幢幡以作供养。一位名叫阿毗三末陀迦的夜叉将军,受诸天委派守护那座塔庙的供养,他以隐身之身于空中执持那面幢幡,右绕塔庙三圈。他见到此景,倍加欢喜。藉由这项福业,他在天界与人间辗转受生。值遇此佛出世时,他出生于舍卫城的一个婆罗门家庭,取名优波摩。成年后,祇园精舍落成时,他亲眼见到佛陀的威神力,生起净信,出家后修习观禅,证得六神通。那时,尊者优波摩成为世尊的侍者。当时,世尊患了风疾。长老有一位住在舍卫城的在家婆罗门朋友,名叫天供,这位朋友曾邀请长老接受四资具的供养。于是,尊者优波摩穿好下衣,带上钵。显示巴利原文
Dasamāpadāne padumuttaro nāma jinotiādikaṃ āyasmato upavānattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayaṃ kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto kenaci kammacchiddena padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle dalliddakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto bhagavati parinibbute tassa dhātuṃ gahetvā manussadevanāgagaruḷayakkhakumbhaṇḍagandhabbehi sattaratanamaye sattayojanike thūpe kate tattha sudhotaṃ attano uttarāsaṅgaṃ veḷagge ābandhitvā dhajaṃ katvā pūjaṃ akāsi. Taṃ gahetvā abhisammatako nāma yakkhasenāpati devehi cetiyapūjārakkhaṇatthaṃ ṭhapito adissamānakāyo ākāse dhārento cetiyaṃ tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ akāsi. Taṃ disvā bhiyyosomattāya pasannamānaso ahosi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā upavānoti laddhanāmo vayappatto jetavanapaṭiggahaṇe buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Athāyasmā upavāno bhagavato upaṭṭhāko ahosi . Tena ca samayena bhagavato vātābādho uppajji. Therassa gihisahāyo devahito nāma brāhmaṇo sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasati. So theraṃ catūhi paccayehi pavāresi. Athāyasmā upavāno nivāsetvā pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā tassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ upagañchi. Brāhmaṇo ‘‘kenaci maññe payojanena thero āgato bhavissatī’’ti ñatvā ‘‘vadeyyātha, bhante, kenattho’’ti āha. Thero tassa brāhmaṇassa payojanaṃ ācikkhanto –
于应供养者中受供养,于应恭敬者中受恭敬;
于应尊崇者中受尊崇,为彼之故,我愿持此物去。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Arahaṃ sugato loke, vātehābādhiko muni; Sace uṇhodakaṃ atthi, munino dehi brāhmaṇa. ‘‘Pūjito pūjaneyyānaṃ, sakkareyyāna sakkato; Apacitopaceyyānaṃ, tassa icchāmi hātave’’ti. (theragā. 185-186) –
他宣说了这两首偈颂。显示巴利原文
Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.
其义为:在这世间中,于应受供养者之间,他已被那些当供养他的——帝释等天人与大梵天等梵天——所供养;于应受恭敬者之间,已被那些当恭敬他的——频婆娑罗王、憍萨罗王等国王——所恭敬;于应受尊崇者之间,已被那些当尊崇他的——大仙及诸漏尽者——所尊崇。因远离烦恼等义,名为‘阿拉汉’;因具足善妙行迹等义,名为‘善逝’。他是一切知者、牟尼,是我的导师,是天中之天,是帝释中的帝释,是梵天中的梵天。如今,他因风病——以风为因、以风现起为相——而生起疾病。婆罗门,若有温水,为平息他的风病,我想取来奉上。显示巴利原文
Tassattho – yo imasmiṃ loke pūjaneyyānaṃ pūjetabbehi sakkādīhi devehi mahābrahmādīhi ca brahmehi pūjito, sakkareyyānaṃ sakkātabbehi bimbisārakosalarājādīhi sakkato, apaceyyānaṃ apacāyitabbehi mahesīhi khīṇāsavehi apacito, kilesehi ārakattādinā arahaṃ, sobhanagamanādinā sugato sabbaññū muni mayhaṃ satthā devadevo sakkānaṃ atisakko brahmānaṃ atibrahmā, so dāni vātehi vātahetu vātakkhobhanimittaṃ ābādhiko jāto. Sace , brāhmaṇa, uṇhodakaṃ atthi, tassa vātābādhavūpasamanatthaṃ taṃ hātave upanetuṃ icchāmīti.
听了这话,婆罗门便将温水和相应的祛风药奉给世尊。藉此药物,导师的疾病得以痊愈。世尊为此向他表示了随喜。显示巴利原文
Taṃ sutvā brāhmaṇo uṇhodakaṃ tadanurūpaṃ vātaharañca bhesajjaṃ bhagavato upanāmesi. Tena ca satthu rogo vūpasami. Tassa bhagavā anumodanaṃ akāsi.
122 后来,具寿优波瓦那尊者忆起自己过去所作的业,心生欢喜,为阐明他过去生中所行的种种事迹,便说:‘名叫莲花上佛的胜者……’等等。其中,‘莲花上佛’等词的意义,前文已经解释过了。显示巴利原文
122. Athāyasmā upavāno aparabhāge attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassajāto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento padumuttaro nāma jinotiādimāha. Tattha padumuttarotiādīni pubbe vuttatthāneva.
123 ‘大众集合’:意思是整个赡部洲洲的居民都聚集一处,人山人海。‘做柴堆’:指的是建造一座高一由旬的栴檀木堆,将世尊的遗体安置于上。这是上下文之间的关联。显示巴利原文
123.Mahājanā samāgammāti sakalajambudīpavāsino rāsibhūtāti attho. Citakaṃ katvāti yojanubbedhaṃ candanarāsicitakaṃ katvā bhagavato sarīraṃ tattha abhiropayiṃsūti sambandho.
124 ‘处理完遗体事务’:指火化,即用火焚烧遗体的工作。显示巴利原文
124.Sarīrakiccaṃkatvānāti ādahanāti agginā dahanakiccaṃ katvāti attho.
127-28 “塔基以宝所成”是指:在人们所造的塔中,塔基是大众手持鲜花经行之处,以青金石建成。“我们也”意为所有天人都要建造佛塔。显示巴利原文
127-28.Jaṅghā maṇimayā āsīti manussehi katathūpe jaṅghā pupphavāhatthaṃ caritaṭṭhānaṃ maṇimayā indanīlamaṇinā katāti attho. Mayampīti sabbe devā thūpaṃ karissāmāti attho.
129 “没有各别的舍利”是说:天人与人想各自分别建塔,却没有各自分开的舍利。为了表明这一点,便说“身体成为一整块”,意思是凭借决意的力量,全身所有舍利犹如一整块宝石雕成的佛像,成为坚实的一体。“在这个佛塔中”:在此由整个赡部洲居民所造的黄金塔中,我们众人聚集起来,将为它建造一个外层塔。显示巴利原文
129.Dhātu āveṇikā natthīti devamanussehi visuṃ visuṃ cetiyaṃ kātuṃ āveṇikā visuṃ dhātu natthi, taṃ dassento sarīraṃ ekapiṇḍitanti āha. Adhiṭṭhānabalena sakalasarīradhātu ekaghanasilāmayapaṭimā viya ekameva ahosīti attho. Imamhi buddhathūpamhīti sakalajambudīpavāsīhi katamhi imamhi suvaṇṇathūpamhi mayaṃ sabbe samāgantvā kañcukathūpaṃ karissāmāti attho.
133 “青金石及大青宝石”中,“青金石”指具有青莲花色泽光辉的宝石,“大青宝石”则是色泽更为殊胜的大宝石。他们将青金石、大青宝石,以及光如火焰的种种宝石聚集一处,积集成堆,在黄金塔上建造外层塔,并加以覆盖。显示巴利原文
133.Indanīlaṃ mahānīlanti indīvarapupphavaṇṇābhaṃ maṇi indanīlamaṇi. Tato adhikavaṇṇatā mahāmaṇi indanīlamaṇayo ca mahānīlamaṇayo ca jotirasamaṇijātiraṅgamaṇayo ca ekato sannipātetvā rāsī katvā suvaṇṇathūpe kañcukathūpaṃ katvā achādayunti sambandho.
144 “独觉佛中最胜者”:意即他们各别为无上的佛陀,建造了一座有顶覆的独立塔。显示巴利原文
144.Paccekaṃbuddhaseṭṭhassāti buddhuttamassa pati ekaṃ visuṃ uparichadanena thūpaṃ akaṃsūti attho.
147 “鸠槃荼与守藏者”:卵如壶大的天神,名为鸠槃荼;金翅鸟因善于遮蔽隐藏,故称守藏者。这些鸠槃荼和守藏者也建了塔。显示巴利原文
147.Kumbhaṇḍā guyhakātathāti kumbhamattāni aṇḍāni yesaṃ devānaṃ te kumbhaṇḍā, paṭicchādetvā niguhitvā paṭicchādanato garuḷā guyhakā nāma jātā, te kumbhaṇḍā guyhakāpi thūpaṃ akaṃsūti attho.
151 “它们的光芒不能胜过它”:指这座塔庙的光辉,月、日、星辰之光不能超越,亦不能覆蔽。显示巴利原文
151.Atibhonti na tassābhāti tassa cetiyassa pabhaṃ candasūriyatārakānaṃ pabhā na atibhonti, na ajjhottharantīti attho.
158 “我也要作奉献”,意思是:对于如如不动者、世间怙主的塔,我也要作奉献——我将行福业、作善行,以旗幡供养。显示巴利原文
158.Ahampi kāraṃ kassāmīti tādino lokanāthassa thūpasmiṃ ahampi kāraṃ puññakiriyaṃ kusalakammaṃ dhajapaṭākapūjaṃ karissāmīti attho.
第11. 赖吒和罗长老譬喻注显示巴利原文
11. Raṭṭhapālattheraapadānavaṇṇanā
在第十一篇譬喻中,以“莲华上佛世尊”等起首的,是尊者赖吒和罗长老的譬喻。他同样在过去诸佛处累积了净行功德,在每一生每一界中积聚趋向解脱的善业资粮。在莲华上佛世尊的时代,早在世尊出世之前,他便已生于汉舍卫城的一户大富豪居士家中。成年后,父亲去世,他继承家业,居于俗家。当管理仓库的人向他展示代代相传、不可计量的财富时,他心中思惟:“如此庞大的财富积聚,我的祖父、曾祖父等先祖们都不曾带走分毫,我却应当能够将其带向未来。”于是,他对穷人、旅客等广行大布施。他承事一位具足神通的苦行者,受其教导向往天界,尽其余生广积福业,死后转生为天人。他在天界享受转轮王般的妙乐,住满天寿;从彼处死后,再度受生人间,降生于一个有能力稳定破碎江山的家族,成为独子。其时,名为莲华上佛的世尊出现于世间,转动微妙法轮,将可度化的众生引入安稳之城——名为涅槃的大城。后来,这位善男子渐次长大。一日,他与居士众一同前往寺院,见导师正在说法,心生欢喜,便安坐于大众的边缘。显示巴利原文
Ekādasamāpadāne padumuttarassa bhagavatotiādikaṃ āyasmato raṭṭhapālattherassa apadānaṃ. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayāni puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle tassa uppattito puretarameva haṃsavatīnagare gahapatimahāsālakule nibbattitvā vayappatto pitu accayena gharāvāse patiṭṭhito ratanakoṭṭhāgārakammikena dassitaṃ aparimāṇaṃ kulavaṃsānugataṃ dhanaṃ disvā ‘‘imaṃ ettakaṃ dhanarāsiṃ mayhaṃ ayyakapayyakādayo attanā saddhiṃ gahetvā gantuṃ nāsakkhiṃsu, mayā pana gahetvā gantuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā kapaṇaddhikādīnaṃ mahādānaṃ deti. So abhiññālābhiṃ ekaṃ tāpasaṃ upaṭṭhahanto tena devalokādhipacce uyyojito yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā tato cuto devo hutvā nibbatti. So tattha devaloke devarajjaṃ karonto yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato cuto manussaloke bhinnaṃ raṭṭhaṃ sandhāretuṃ samatthassa kulassa ekaputto hutvā nibbatti. Tena ca samayena padumuttaro nāma bhagavā loke uppajjitvā pavattitavaradhammacakko veneyyasattaṃ nibbānamahānagarasaṅkhātakhemantabhūmiṃ sampāpesi. Atha so kulaputto anukkamena viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ upāsakehi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gato satthāraṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ disvā pasannacitto parisapariyante nisīdi.
就在那时,导师将一位比丘安立为“出于信心出家者中第一”。他见此情景,心生欢喜,便以此为目标,坚固心意,以极广大的恭敬,为有十万比丘随行的世尊举办了七天的大布施,并发下了誓愿。导师观察到他未来全无障碍,必将成就,便授记道:“未来,在名为乔达摩的正自觉者的教法中,他将成为出于信心出家者中的第一。”他向世尊及比丘僧团顶礼后,从座起身离去。他在那一生尽寿累积善业,死后在天道与人道之间流转。从那时起,在第九十二劫前的弗沙世尊时代,有三位与世尊同母异父的王子正在侍奉导师,他便在他们行善时充当助伴。如此,他在生生世世中累积了众多善法,唯生于善趣。在此佛出世时,他生于俱卢国土喇果帝咖村的赖吒和罗富豪家。因其生于有能力稳定破碎江山的家族,便依循家族姓氏,取名为“赖吒和罗”。他在众星拱月般的呵护下长大,渐渐步入青年。父母为他聘娶了门当户对的妻子,令他安享盛誉,享受着犹如天界般的富贵。那时,世尊正在俱卢国人间游行,抵达了土喇果帝咖。善男子赖吒和罗听闻此消息,便前往拜见。显示巴利原文
Tena ca samayena satthā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ saddhāpabbajitānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi, taṃ disvā pasannamānaso tadatthāya cittaṃ ṭhapetvā satasahassabhikkhuparivārassa bhagavato mahatā sakkārena sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ pavattetvā paṇidhānaṃ akāsi. Satthā tassa anantarāyena ijjhanabhāvaṃ disvā ‘‘anāgate gotamassa nāma sammāsambuddhassa sāsane saddhāpabbajitānaṃ aggo bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. So satthāraṃ bhikkhusaṅghañca vanditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. So tattha yāvatāyukaṃ puññāni katvā tato cavitvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto ito dvānavutikappe phussassa bhagavato kāle satthu vemātikabhātikesu tīsu rājaputtesu satthāraṃ upaṭṭhahantesu tesaṃ puññakiriyāya sahāyakiccaṃ akāsi. Evaṃ tattha tattha bhave taṃ taṃ bahuṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kururaṭṭhe thullakoṭṭhikanigame raṭṭhapālaseṭṭhigehe nibbatti, tassa bhinnaṃ raṭṭhaṃ sandhāretuṃ samatthe kule nibbattattā raṭṭhapāloti vaṃsānugatameva nāmaṃ ahosi. So mahatā parivārena vaḍḍhanto anukkamena yobbanaṃ patto mātāpitūhi patirūpena dārena saṃyojetvā mahante ca yase patiṭṭhāpito dibbasampattisadisaṃ sampattiṃ paccanubhoti. Atha bhagavā kururaṭṭhe janapadacārikaṃ caranto thullakoṭṭhikaṃ anupāpuṇi. Taṃ sutvā raṭṭhapālo kulaputto satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho sattavāre bhattacchede katvā kicchena kasirena mātāpitaro anujānāpetvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pabbajjaṃ yācitvā satthu āṇattiyā aññatarassa therassa santike pabbajitvā yonisomanasikārena kammaṃ karonto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
179-180 后来,这位尊者回忆起自己过去所造的业,心生喜悦,为开示自己过去所行功德,便说出“莲华上世尊”等语。当时,他身为大富长者,在将所有财产投入布施时,曾献上一头名为“善贤”的象王,那是一头七处稳立、体格完美的象王。为了说明这一点,他说出了“牙如车辕的”“高耸的”等描述。所说的“牙如车辕的”,是指象牙如车辕般修长的象,那头象王正是我所供养。“高耸的”,意指适合或配得上国王骑乘,或者说,是国王才有资格受用的。“具白伞盖的”,是指配有庄严的白伞盖。“端严的”,意指身高体壮、形色端严。“具庄饰、及随从象师”,是说这头象配有各种庄严具,并有象师随从看护。这头具备如此端严相好的象王,是我供养给莲华上世尊的。这就是此段的义理。显示巴利原文
179-180. Athāyasmā aparabhāge attano pubbakammaṃ saritvā somanassajāto pubbacaritāpadānaṃ pakāsento padumuttarassa bhagavatotiādimāha. Sunāgo so mayā dinnoti tadā mahādhanaseṭṭhi hutvā sabbaṃ sāpateyyaṃ dānamukhe vissajjanasamaye sattappatiṭṭho sundaro nāgo hatthirājā mayā dinno ahosi. Taṃ dassento īsādantotiādimāha. Īsādanto rathaīsappamāṇadanto, so mayā dinno hatthināgo. Urūḷhavāti rājāvahanayoggasamattho, rājāraho vā. Setacchattoti alaṅkāratthāya upaṭṭhahanasetacchattasahitoti attho. Pasobhitoti ārohapariṇāhavā rūpasobhāhi sampannoti attho. Sakappano sahatthipoti hatthialaṅkārasahito hatthigopakasahitoti attho. Itthambhūto hatthināgo padumuttarassa bhagavato mayā dinnoti attho.
181 “我令备办食物”,意思是:我为自己所建造的寺院中居住的、数以亿计的比丘们,设立了常设的饮食供养,并将此奉献予大牟尼。显示巴利原文
181.Mayā bhattaṃ kāretvānāti mayā kārāpitavihāre vasantānaṃ koṭisaṅkhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ niccabhattaṃ paṭṭhapetvā mahesino niyyādesinti sambandho.
183 “名为水族最上者”:“水族”指从水中所生,是什么呢?就是莲花。因其名与莲花相同,又有最上之意,故称为莲华上世尊。其余各处,其义明了。显示巴利原文
183.Jalajuttamanāmakoti jalato jāto jalajo, kiṃ taṃ? Padumaṃ, padumena samānanāmattā uttamattā ca padumuttaro nāma bhagavāti attho. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānatthamevāti.
至此,佛陀、独觉佛、声闻长老的《譬喻注》已经全部完成。显示巴利原文
Ettāvatā buddhapaccekabuddhasāvakattherāpadāna-aṭṭhakathā samattā.
在狮子洲,具足少欲等功德的阿难长老等,身为长老传承之明灯,为令一切众生的贪爱、慢、见等得以断除、调伏与简择,历经七月恳切祈请。一位寻求菩提资粮的智者,具足念、慧、趣向、精进与勇猛,拥有周遍一切德相的光辉,是三藏的持守者,他以此因缘获得善巧,撰写了这部《譬喻注》。愿一切天界与世间众生悉皆了知。显示巴利原文
Sīhaḷadīpake appicchatādiguṇavantānaṃ theravaṃsappadīpānaṃ ānandattherādīnaṃ sabbasattānaṃ taṇhāmānadiṭṭhādayo chedananiggahavivecanādyatthaṃ sattahi māsehi ativiya ārādhanena laddhakosallena bodhisambhāraṃ gavesantena satidhitigativīriyaparakkamantena mahāsamantaguṇasobhanena tipiṭakadharena paṇḍitena ābhataṃ imaṃ apadāna-aṭṭhakathaṃ sabbo sadevaloko jānātūti.
依此注疏,愿众生的贪等垢秽,以及眼等诸病、种种苦,
愿由诤论等怖畏所生之苦,以及世间盗贼等作损害者所生之祸,悉皆消灭。
“摧破一切见”:即击溃、粉碎一切邪见;“以及贪、嗔等恶”:即贪欲、嗔恚等诸不善心所,一并摧破。
「断除轮回之轮后」:斩断这不断流转的轮回之轮后,「我前往生天与解脱」:我趋向并证得生天的果报与究竟的解脱。
「在教令田中」:在这能生长功德的佛陀教法良田中,「从阿鼻地狱至有顶」:从最底层的阿鼻地狱,直至最高处的有顶天,「遍一切处」:遍满所有处所。
显示巴利原文 Anena lobhādimalā pajānaṃ, cakkhādirogā vividhā ca dukkhā; Kalahādibhayā dukkhitā jātā, corādayonatthakarā ca loke. Nassantu me pañca verā ca pāpā, nassantu gimhe yathā vuṭṭhivātā; Aṭṭhaṅgikamaggavarena patvā, nibbānapuraṃ paṭipādayāmi. Sabbadiṭṭhiñca maddanto, rāgadosādipāpake; Saṃsāravaṭṭaṃ chinditvā, upemi saggamokkhake. Āṇākhettamhi sabbattha, avīcimhi bhavaggato;
「愿一切法皆随行」:祈愿一切善法都能顺遂而行;「三界与时节亦然」:同样,愿欲界、色界、无色界三界,以及时节气候也都顺遂安好。这里的‘cāti’是连接或强调的语助词。显示巴利原文
Sabbe dhammānuyāyantu, tayo lokā utupi cāti.
「《譬喻经》注疏终」:《譬喻经》(Apadāna)的义注(aṭṭhakathā)至此圆满结束。显示巴利原文
Apadāna-aṭṭhakathā samattā.