5. 大车品·第3篇 伞青年天宫注释
2. 男天宫义注 · 224 段
第3篇 伞青年天宫注释巴利
3. Chattamāṇavakavimānavaṇṇanā
“在人间能言者之中,他是最殊胜的”——这是《伞青年天宫》的开篇偈。它的起因是什么呢?世尊住在舍卫城的祇园。那时,在舍陀毗城,有一位婆罗门好不容易才得了儿子,名叫伞,是个婆罗门青年。他成年后,被父亲派去炬立城,到婆罗门沸伽罗娑罗跟前,凭着自己的聪慧和勤奋,没多久就学会了咒术和各种学问,精通了婆罗门的技艺。于是他向老师行礼,说:“我在您这里学成了技艺,该给您什么酬师金呢?”老师说:“酬师金嘛,看弟子的财力而定,你就拿一千个咖哈巴那来吧。”伞青年向老师行礼后,回到舍陀毗城,拜见父母。父母欢喜地迎接他,彼此问候过后,他把事情告诉父亲,说:“请把该给的钱给我,我今天就去交了,交完就回来。”父母说:“孩子,今天太晚了,你明天去吧。”说完就取出咖哈巴那,让人捆扎成包,放好。盗贼们得知了这个消息,就埋伏在伞青年要经过的路上,一处密林里,心想:“杀了这个青年,把咖哈巴那拿走。”巴利
Yo vadataṃ pavaro manujesūti chattamāṇavakavimānaṃ. Tassa kā uppatti? Bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane. Tena samayena setabyāyaṃ aññatarassa brāhmaṇassa kicchāladdho putto chatto nāma brāhmaṇamāṇavo ahosi. So vayappatto pitarā pesito ukkaṭṭhaṃ gantvā brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa santike medhāvitāya analasatāya ca na cireneva mante vijjāṭṭhānāni ca uggahetvā brāhmaṇasippe nipphattiṃ patto. So ācariyaṃ abhivādetvā ‘‘mayā tumhākaṃ santike sippaṃ sikkhitaṃ, kiṃ vo garudakkhiṇaṃ demī’’ti āha. Ācariyo ‘‘garudakkhiṇā nāma antevāsikassa vibhavānurūpā, kahāpaṇasahassamānehī’’ti āha. Chattamāṇavo ācariyaṃ abhivādetvā setabyaṃ gantvā mātāpitaro vanditvā tehi abhinandiyamāno katapaṭisanthāro tamatthaṃ pitu ārocetvā ‘‘detha me dātabbayuttakaṃ, ajjeva datvā āgamissāmī’’ti āha. Taṃ mātāpitaro ‘‘tāta, ajja vikālo, sve gamissasī’’ti vatvā kahāpaṇe nīharitvā bhaṇḍikaṃ bandhāpetvā ṭhapesuṃ. Corā taṃ pavattiṃ ñatvā chattamāṇavakassa gamanamagge aññatarasmiṃ vanagahane nilīnā acchiṃsu ‘‘māṇavaṃ māretvā kahāpaṇe gaṇhissāmā’’ti.
世尊在破晓时分从大悲定中出定,观察世间,看见伞青年将会安立于皈依和持戒,被盗贼杀害后将转生天界,之后与天宫一同前来,那时聚集的大众将会悟入正法。世尊看到这些后,就先一步前往,在青年要走的路上,坐在一棵树下。青年带着酬谢老师的钱,从舍陀毗城出发前往炬立城,途中看见世尊坐在那里,就走上前去,站在一旁。世尊问他:“你要去哪里?”他回答说:“乔达摩先生,我要去炬立城,给我的老师沸伽罗娑罗送酬师金。”于是世尊说:“青年,你知道三皈依和五戒吗?”青年说:“我不知道。这些有什么用?又是什么样的呢?”世尊便为他讲明皈依和持戒的功德利益,说:“就是这样的。”然后说:“青年,你先学一学皈依的方法吧。”青年请求说:“好的,我愿意学。请说吧,尊者世尊。”世尊便随顺他的喜好,用偈颂的形式教导他皈依的方法,说道:巴利
Bhagavā paccūsasamaye mahākaruṇāsamāpattito vuṭṭhāya lokaṃ volokento chattamāṇavakassa saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhānaṃ, corehi māritassa devaloke nibbattiṃ, tato saha vimānena āgatassa tattha sannipatitaparisāya ca dhammābhisamayaṃ disvā paṭhamatarameva gantvā māṇavakassa gamanamagge aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi. Māṇavo ācariyadhanaṃ gahetvā setabyato ukkaṭṭhābhimukho gacchanto antarāmagge bhagavantaṃ nisinnaṃ disvā upasaṅkamitvā aṭṭhāsi. ‘‘Kuhiṃ gamissasī’’ti bhagavatā vutto ‘‘ukkaṭṭhaṃ, bho gotama, gamissāmi mayhaṃ ācariyassa pokkharasātissa garudakkhiṇaṃ dātu’’nti āha. Atha bhagavā ‘‘jānāsi pana tvaṃ, māṇava, tīṇi saraṇāni, pañca sīlānī’’ti vatvā tena ‘‘nāhaṃ jānāmi, kimatthiyāni panetāni kīdisāni cā’’ti vutte ‘‘idamīdisa’’nti saraṇagamanassa sīlasamādānassa ca phalānisaṃsaṃ vibhāvetvā ‘‘uggaṇhāhi tāva, māṇavaka, saraṇagamanavidhi’’nti vatvā ‘‘sādhu uggaṇhissāmi, kathetha bhante bhagavā’’ti tena yācito tassa ruciyā anurūpaṃ gāthābandhavasena saraṇagamanavidhiṃ dassento –
在众人之中,他是最殊胜的说法者——释迦牟尼世尊,已办完应办之事;
已到达彼岸、具足大力与精进的那位善逝,你应当为了皈依而亲近他。巴利
‘‘Yo vadataṃ pavaro manujesu, sakyamunī bhagavā katakicco; Pāragato balavīriyasamaṅgī, taṃ sugataṃ saraṇatthamupehi.
远离贪欲、止息躁动、没有忧愁的法,是无为的、不与之相违的。
这法甜蜜、纯熟、善加分别,你应当为了皈依而亲近这法。巴利
‘‘Rāgavirāgamanejamasokaṃ , dhammamasaṅkhatamappaṭikūlaṃ; Madhuramimaṃ paguṇaṃ suvibhattaṃ, dhammamimaṃ saraṇatthamupehi.
“ 人们说,布施给四双清净的人,就能得到大果报。
这八种人是见法者,你应该为了皈依而亲近这个僧团。”巴利
‘‘Yattha ca dinna mahapphalamāhu, catūsu sucīsu purisayugesu; Aṭṭha ca puggala dhammadasā te, saṅghamimaṃ saraṇatthamupehī’’ti. –
他说了这三首偈颂。巴利
Tisso gāthāyo abhāsi.
886 在这里,“凡”是一种不确定的说法,要用“那”来限定它,应当这样理解。“说”是指正在说法的人。“最胜”就是最上等,意思是说法者当中最殊胜、最顶尖的论师。“在人中”是用最殊胜的方式来指称,就像说“天人之师”一样。不过,世尊对天人、梵天神以及一切众生来说都是最胜的,只是因为世尊最后一生投生在人间,所以才说“在人中”。也正因为这样,才称他为“释迦牟尼”:因为出身于释迦族,所以叫“释迦”;因为具足身默然等功德,又能无余地了知一切所知,所以叫“牟尼”;合起来就是“释迦牟尼”。由于具足祥瑞等四种原因,所以称为“世尊”。因为通过四圣道应当完成的、分为遍知等十六种作用都已做完、都已成就,所以称为“所作已办”。因为已经到达有身的彼岸,也就是涅槃的对岸,并且以自然智证得,所以称为“到彼岸”。因为具备无与伦比的身力、不共他人的智力,以及四种正勤的精进力,所以称为“具力精进者”。因为行迹善妙、已到达殊胜之处、正确地前往、正确地言说,所以称为“善逝”。你们要皈依、亲近这位善逝、正自觉者,把他作为皈依处、作为庇护、作为归宿,以求从恶趣之苦和轮回之苦中解脱。从今天起,要断除不利、增长利益,依止他、亲近他,心里知道:“这位世尊是我的皈依、我的庇护、我的藏身之处、我的归宿、我的依处。”要这样了知,要这样觉悟。巴利
886. Tattha yoti aniyamitavacanaṃ, tassa ‘‘ta’’nti iminā niyamanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Vadatanti vadantānaṃ. Pavaroti seṭṭho, kathikānaṃ uttamo vādīvaroti attho. Manujesūti ukkaṭṭhaniddeso yathā ‘‘satthā devamanussāna’’nti. Bhagavā pana devamanussānampi brahmānampi sabbesampi sattānaṃ pavaroyeva, bhagavato ca carimabhave manussesu uppannatāya vuttaṃ ‘‘manujesū’’ti. Tenevāha ‘‘sakyamunī’’ti. Sakyakulappasutatāya sakyo, kāyamoneyyādīhi samannāgatato anavasesassa ca ñeyyassa munanato muni cāti sakyamuni. Bhāgyavantatādīhi catūhi kāraṇehi bhagavā. Catūhi maggehi kātabbassa pariññādipabhedassa soḷasavidhassa kiccassa katattā nipphāditattā katakicco. Pāraṃ sakkāyassa paratīraṃ nibbānaṃ gato sayambhuñāṇena adhigatoti pāragato. Asadisena kāyabalena, anaññasādhāraṇena ñāṇabalena, catubbidhasammappadhānavīriyena ca samannāgatattā balavīriyasamaṅgī. Sobhanagamanattā, sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ gatattā, sammā gatattā, sammā ca gaditattā sugato. Taṃ sugataṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ saraṇatthaṃ saraṇāya parāyaṇāya apāyadukkhavaṭṭadukkhaparittāṇāya upehi upagaccha, ajja paṭṭhāya ahitanivattanena hitasaṃvaḍḍhanena ‘‘ayaṃ me bhagavā saraṇaṃ tāṇaṃ leṇaṃ parāyaṇaṃ gati paṭisaraṇa’’nti bhaja seva, evaṃ jānāhi vā bujjhassūti attho.
887 “离贪”说的是圣道。正是通过圣道,圣者们才能从无始以来不断熏习的贪欲中彻底离染。“无动摇、无忧悲”说的是圣果。因为圣果彻底止息了被称为“动摇”的渴爱,以及其余以忧悲为因的烦恼,所以称为“无动摇”“无忧悲”。“法”指自性法。这是应当从自性上把握的法,也就是道、果、涅槃,而不是像教理法那样依名称施设来把握。或者,“法”指究竟法,也就是涅槃。“有为”是由因缘和合造作而成的,“无为”则不是这样,这无为就是涅槃。“不违逆”是说其中没有任何令人违逆不快的东西。“甘美”是说无论在听闻时、审察时还是修习时,它始终令人欢喜。“娴熟”是因为它依止于一切知智和无碍解而运转,所以极为善巧流畅,也因其微细而显得娴熟。“善分别”是因为它能按蕴、按善法等、按总说等方式,把应当分别的义理妥善地分别开来。这三个词说的正是教理法。也正因如此,为了显示此法在初闻之时、审思之时,都如同说者正说、听者正听,双方都现前亲见,所以用“此”来指称。“法”是指:能护持如实修行的人,使其不堕入恶趣之苦,因此名为法,这是通于四种法的共通说法。即便是教理法,只要让人安住于皈依和戒中,依如实修行,也能护持他不堕入恶趣之苦。应当知道,这个天宫的事迹正好可以证明这个道理。为了显示上面所说的法既是共通的又是现前可见的,所以又说“此”。巴利
887.Rāgavirāganti ariyamaggamāha. Tena hi ariyā anādikālabhāvitampi rāgaṃ virajjenti. Anejamasokanti ariyaphalaṃ. Tañhi ejāsaṅkhātāya taṇhāya avasiṭṭhānañca sokanimittānaṃ kilesānaṃ sabbaso paṭippassambhanato ‘‘anejaṃ asoka’’nti ca vuccati. Dhammanti sabhāvadhammaṃ. Sabhāvato gahetabbadhammo hesa yadidaṃ maggaphalanibbānāni, na pariyattidhammo viya paññattidhammavasena. Dhammanti vā paramatthadhammaṃ, nibbānanti attho. Samecca sambhuyya paccayehi kataṃ saṅkhataṃ, na saṅkhatanti asaṅkhataṃ. Tadeva nibbānaṃ. Natthi ettha kiñcipi paṭikūlanti appaṭikūlaṃ. Savanavelāyaṃ upaparikkhaṇavelāyaṃ paṭipajjanavelāyanti sabbadāpi iṭṭhamevāti madhuraṃ. Sabbaññutaññāṇasannissayāya paṭibhānasampadāya pavattitattā suppavattibhāvato nipuṇabhāvato ca paguṇaṃ. Vibhajitabbassa atthassa khandhādivasena kusalādivasena uddesādivasena ca suṭṭhu vibhajanato suvibhattaṃ. Tīhipi padehi pariyattidhammameva vadati. Teneva hissa āpāthakāle viya vimaddanakālepi kathentassa viya suṇantassāpi sammukhībhāvato ubhatopaccakkhatāya dassanatthaṃ ‘‘ima’’nti vuttaṃ. Dhammanti yathāvapaṭipajjante apāyadukkhapātato dhāraṇatthena dhammaṃ, idaṃ catubbidhassāpi dhammassa sādhāraṇavacanaṃ. Pariyattidhammopi hi saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhānamattāyapi yathāvapaṭipattiyā apāyadukkhapātato dhāreti eva. Imassa ca atthassa idameva vimānaṃ sādhakanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sādhāraṇabhāvena yathāvuttadhammassa paccakkhaṃ katvā dassento puna ‘‘ima’’nti āha.
888 yattha指在哪个圣僧团中。dinna指已经布施出去的食物等应施之物。dinna mahapphala是说所施有大果,这里为了偈颂念起来顺口而省略了鼻音。所谓大果,是在那些因彻底清净了烦恼尘垢而极为清净的四双人当中,也就是经典中所说的“入流者、为证悟入流果而修行者”等四双人。aṭṭhāti指八,这里不按成对的方式计算,而是把住于道和住于果的人分开来算,所以成为八种人。这里同样是为了偈颂念起来顺口,才把“puggala dhammadasā”缩短而作此说明。dhammadasā即现量亲见四圣谛法与涅槃法的人。以见与戒相同而和合,为僧团。巴利
888.Yatthāti yasmiṃ ariyasaṅghe. Dinnanti pariccattaṃ annādideyyadhammaṃ. Dinna mahapphalanti gāthāsukhatthaṃ anunāsikalopo kato. Accantameva kilesāsucito visujjhanena sucīsu ‘‘sotāpanno sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno’’tiādinā (a. ni. 8.60) vuttesu catūsu purisayugesu. Aṭṭhāti maggaṭṭhaphalaṭṭhesu yugaḷe akatvā visuṃ visuṃ gahaṇena aṭṭha puggalā. Gāthāsukhatthameva cettha ‘‘puggala dhammadasā’’ti rassaṃ katvā niddeso. Dhammadasāti catusaccadhammassa nibbānadhammassa ca paccakkhato dassanakā. Diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatabhāvena saṅghaṃ.
世尊用三首偈颂,配合开示皈依的功德,讲完了皈依的方法之后,那位青年通过逐一忆念各项皈依功德,表明自己已经把皈依的方法牢牢记在心里。每听完一首偈颂,他就紧跟着用“在说法者中最为殊胜”等语句,把那首偈颂复述一遍。这样复述完毕,他站在一旁,世尊又依着五戒本身的内容和持戒的果报利益,为他讲清楚,并教了他受持的方法。他好好领会之后,心里生起清净的信心,说道:“好了,世尊,我要走了。”然后就一边忆念三宝的功德,一边沿着原路回去。世尊也想:“这点善业已经足够让他往生天界了。”于是便回了祇园。巴利
Evaṃ bhagavatā tīhi gāthāhi saraṇaguṇasandassanena saddhiṃ saraṇagamanavidhimhi vutte māṇavo taṃtaṃsaraṇaguṇānussaraṇamukhena saraṇagamanavidhino attano hadaye ṭhapitabhāvaṃ vibhāvento tassā tassā gāthāya anantaraṃ ‘‘yo vadataṃ pavaro’’tiādinā taṃ taṃ gāthaṃ paccanubhāsi. Evaṃ paccanubhāsitvā ṭhitassa pañca sikkhāpadāni sarūpato phalānisaṃsato ca vibhāvetvā tesaṃ samādānavidhiṃ kathesi. So tampi suṭṭhu upadhāretvā pasannamānaso ‘‘handāhaṃ bhagavā gamissāmī’’ti vatvā ratanattayaguṇaṃ anussaranto taṃyeva maggaṃ paṭipajji. Bhagavāpi ‘‘alaṃ imassa ettakaṃ kusalaṃ devalokūpapattiyā’’ti jetavanameva agamāsi.
那位青年以清净的信心,通过忆念三宝的功德而生起了“我皈依”的心,因此皈依得以成立;又按照世尊所教导的方式,受持五戒,在戒行上也得以确立。他就这样一边随念三宝的功德一边赶路,途中被盗贼围困。他没有理会那些盗贼,仍然一心随念三宝的功德往前走。这时,一个盗贼站在树丛中,用毒箭突然射中了他,夺走了他的性命,抢了钱袋,和同伙一起逃走了。那位青年死后,投生到三十三天,在一座三十由旬大的金色宫殿中,像从睡梦中醒来一样,被一千天女围绕,身体装饰着需要六十辆车才能载动的种种庄严。那座宫殿的光明遍照二十多由旬。巴利
Māṇavassa pana pasannacittassa ratanattayaguṇaṃ sallakkhaṇavasena ‘‘saraṇaṃ upemī’’ti pavattacittuppādatāya saraṇesu ca, bhagavatā vuttanayena pañcannaṃ sīlānaṃ adhiṭṭhānena sīlesu ca patiṭṭhitassa teneva nayena ratanattayaguṇe anussarantasseva gacchantassa corā magge pariyuṭṭhiṃsu. So te agaṇetvā ratanattayaguṇe anussarantoyeva gacchati. Tañceko coro gumbantaraṃ upanissāya ṭhito visapītena sarena sahasāva vijjhitvā jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpetvā kahāpaṇabhaṇḍikaṃ gahetvā attano sahāyehi saddhiṃ pakkāmi. Māṇavo pana kālaṃ katvā tāvatiṃsabhavane tiṃsayojanike kanakavimāne suttappabuddho viya accharāsahassaparivuto saṭṭhisakaṭabhārālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitattabhāvo nibbatti, tassa vimānassa ābhā sātirekāni vīsatiyojanāni pharitvā tiṭṭhati.
那时,舍陀婆耶村的居民看到那位青年已经死去,就回到舍陀婆耶,把这件事告诉了他的父母;炬立城的居民也回到炬立城,告诉了婆罗门沸伽罗娑罗。听到这个消息后,青年的父母、亲戚朋友,以及婆罗门沸伽罗娑罗带着随从,都泪流满面、哭泣着来到那个地方。舍陀婆耶、炬立城和伊车能伽罗的居民也大多聚集过来,形成了一场盛大的集会。于是,青年的父母在离路不远的地方堆好柴堆,开始办理火化遗体的事。巴利
Atha māṇavaṃ kālakataṃ disvā setabyagāmavāsino manussā setabyaṃ gantvā tassa mātāpitūnaṃ ukkaṭṭhagāmavāsino ca ukkaṭṭhaṃ gantvā brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa kathesuṃ. Taṃ sutvā tassa mātāpitaro ñātimittā brāhmaṇo ca pokkharasāti saparivārā assumukhā rodamānā taṃ padesaṃ agamaṃsu, yebhuyyena setabyavāsino ca ukkaṭṭhavāsino ca icchānaṅgalavāsino ca sannipatiṃsu, mahāsamāgamo ahosi. Atha māṇavassa mātāpitaro maggassa avidūre citakaṃ sajjetvā sarīrakiccaṃ kātuṃ ārabhiṃsu.
这时,世尊心想:“我去了之后,查塔青年会来礼拜我。等他来了,我就讲说他曾做过的业,让他亲眼看到业果,然后为他说法。这样,大众就能领悟法义。”世尊这样想好后,便与大比丘僧团一起,来到那个地方,在一棵树下坐下,身上放出六色佛光。这时,查塔青年天子也在回顾自己的天界福报,追查它的原因,看到自己曾皈依三宝、受持戒律,心中大为惊叹,对世尊生起了清净的信心和深深的恭敬,心想:“我现在就去礼拜世尊和比丘僧团,并在大众面前彰显三宝的功德。”他怀着感恩之心,让整片林野区域充满光明,乘着天宫前来,从天宫下来,以众多随从围绕的可见身形走近世尊,以头礼拜世尊的双足,合掌站在一旁。大众看到这一幕,都惊叹不已,心想:“这到底是天人还是梵天神?”于是纷纷上前围在世尊身边。世尊为了让他所作的善业显现出来,便说道:巴利
Atha bhagavā cintesi ‘‘mayi gate chattamāṇavo maṃ vandituṃ āgamissati, āgatañca taṃ katakammaṃ kathāpento kammaphalaṃ paccakkhaṃ kāretvā dhammaṃ desessāmi, evaṃ mahājanassa dhammābhisamayo bhavissatī’’ti cintetvā mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ taṃ padesaṃ upagantvā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi chabbaṇṇabuddharaṃsiyo vissajjento. Atha chattamāṇavadevaputtopi attano sampattiṃ paccavekkhitvā, tassā kāraṇaṃ upadhārento saraṇagamanañca sīlasamādānañca disvā, vimhayajāto bhagavati sañjātapasādabahumāno ‘‘idānevāhaṃ gantvā bhagavantañca bhikkhusaṅghañca vandissāmi, ratanattayaguṇe ca mahājanassa pākaṭe karissāmī’’ti kataññutaṃ nissāya sakalaṃ taṃ araññapadesaṃ ekālokaṃ karonto, saha vimānena āgantvā vimānato oruyha mahatā parivārena saddhiṃ dissamānarūpo upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatanto abhivādetvā añjaliṃ paggayha ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Taṃ disvā mahājano ‘‘ko nu kho ayaṃ devo vā brahmā vā’’ti acchariyabbhutajāto upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ parivāresi. Bhagavā tena katapuññakammaṃ pākaṭaṃ kātuṃ –
太阳在天空中并不那样灼照,月亮和星辰也不发光;
像这样无与伦比、大放光明,你究竟是谁,从三十三天来到了人间?巴利
‘‘Na tathā tapati nabhe sūriyo, cando ca na bhāsati na phusso; Yathā atulamidaṃ mahappabhāsaṃ, ko nu tvaṃ tidivā mahiṃ upāgā.
某物斩断太阳的光芒,其光辉超过二十由旬。
它让夜晚也变得像白天一样,那是一座清净、无垢、庄严的天宫。巴利
‘‘Chindati raṃsī pabhaṅkarassa, sādhikavīsatiyojanāni ābhā; Rattimapi yathā divaṃ karoti, parisuddhaṃ vimalaṃ subhaṃ vimānaṃ.
众莲纷敷,白莲错彩,繁花遍布,种种彩色;
离垢无尘,金网为覆,照曜虚空,如日之光。巴利
‘‘Bahupadumavicitrapuṇḍarīkaṃ, vokiṇṇaṃ kusumehi nekacittaṃ; Arajavirajahemajālachannaṃ, ākāse tapati yathāpi sūriyo.
身穿红色和黄色衣服的天女们,身上涂满了沉香、priyaṅgu香和栴檀香;
她们具有如黄金般的身体和皮肤,遍满虚空,就像繁星遍满天空一样。巴利
‘‘Rattambarapītavāsasāhi, agarupiyaṅgucandanussadāhi; Kañcanatanusannibhattacāhi, paripūraṃ gaganaṃva tārakāhi.
此地男女众多,种种容色,花饰璎珞庄严,心怀欢喜;
风来飘拂,散馥芬芳,精金铺展,黄金覆被。巴利
‘‘Naranāriyo bahuketthanekavaṇṇā, kusumavibhūsitābharaṇettha sumanā; Anilapamuñcitā pavanti surabhiṃ, tapaniyavitatā suvaṇṇachannā.
“ 这是哪种克制的果报?你是靠什么业果才投生到这里的?
你是怎样得到这座天宫的?既然被问了,就请你接着如实说出来。”巴利
‘‘Kissa saṃyamassa ayaṃ vipāko, kenāsi kammaphalenidhūpapanno; Yathā ca te adhigatamidaṃ vimānaṃ, tadanupadaṃ avacāsi iggha puṭṭho’’ti. –
他向那位天子问道。巴利
Taṃ devaputtaṃ paṭipucchi.
886 在那里,tapatīti 就是发光的意思。Nabhe 是指在虚空中。Phussoti 就是弗沙星。Atulanti 是无与伦比,或者说是无量。这里要表达的是:就像你这座宫殿,以无与伦比、无量的明亮光辉为本质,因此直接放射大光明,在虚空中照耀;而那些星星并不是这样照耀的,月亮也不是这样照耀,那些先留在那里,连太阳也不是这样照耀。你究竟是什么人,从天界来到这片地面?请你把这件事弄清楚,向这里的大众说。巴利
886. Tattha tapatīti dippati. Nabheti ākāse. Phussoti phussatārakā. Atulanti anupamaṃ, appamāṇaṃ vā. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā idaṃ tava vimānaṃ anupamaṃ appamāṇaṃ pabhassarabhāvena tato eva mahappabhāsaṃ ākāse dippati, na tathā tārakarūpāni dippanti, na cando, tāni tāva tiṭṭhantu, nāpi sūriyo dippati, evaṃbhūto ko nu tvaṃ devalokato imaṃ bhūmipadesaṃ upagato, taṃ pākaṭaṃ katvā imassa mahājanassa kathehīti.
890 “割截”就是切断,意思是阻止它继续运行、加以阻挡。“光线”就是光芒。“发光者”指太阳。那座宫殿的光辉向四周遍满二十五由旬而安住。因此说“光明超过二十由旬”。“夜晚也如同白昼”,意思是凭它自身的光明驱散黑暗,让夜晚时分也变得像白天一样。因为内外四周全都纯净,所以是“遍净”。因为完全没有垢染,所以是“无垢”。因为美好,所以是“净妙”。巴利
890.Chindatīti vicchindati, pavattituṃ adento paṭihanatīti attho. Raṃsīti rasmiyo. Pabhaṅkarassāti sūriyassa. Tassa ca vimānassa pabhā samantato pañcavīsati yojanāni pharitvā tiṭṭhati. Tenāha ‘‘sādhikavīsatiyojanāni ābhā’’ti. Rattimapi yathā divaṃ karotīti attano pabhāya andhakāraṃ vidhamantaṃ rattibhāgampi divasabhāgaṃ viya karoti. Parisamantato anto ceva bahi ca suddhatāya parisuddhaṃ. Sabbaso malābhāvena vimalaṃ. Sundaratāya subhaṃ.
891 众多红莲与色彩斑斓的白莲:是指许多不同种类的红莲花,以及颜色绚丽的白色莲花。他们说,白莲花叫“莲花”(paduma),红莲花叫“白莲”(puṇḍarīka)。为花所弥漫:也被其他各种不同的花所散布、充满。种种彩绘:像花鬘工艺、藤蔓工艺等种种不同的彩绘装饰。无尘离垢金网覆盖:自身远离尘垢,被无垢、无过失的金网所覆盖。巴利
891.Bahupadumavicitrapuṇḍarīkanti bahuvidharattakamalañceva vicittavaṇṇasetakamalañca. Setakamalaṃ padumaṃ, rattakamalaṃ puṇḍarīkanti vadanti. Vokiṇṇaṃ kusumehīti aññehi ca nānāvidhehi pupphehi samokiṇṇaṃ. Nekacittanti mālākammalatākammādinānāvidhavicittaṃ. Arajavirajahemajālachannanti sayaṃ apagatarajaṃ virajena niddosena kañcanajālena chāditaṃ.
892 穿红衣和黄衣的天女,是指穿红色衣服和黄色衣服的。因为有的天女穿上红色天衣,再披上黄色上衣;有的穿上黄色天衣,再披上红色上衣。就是针对这种情况,才说“穿红衣和黄衣”。具足沉水香、鸡冠花、栴檀香等香气,是指以沉水香的香气、鸡冠花环和栴檀香等的香气而庄严,意思是充满天界的沉水香等各种香气。身如金色,是指具有像黄金一样细滑的皮肤。充满,是指到处游行的天女和专心歌唱的天女充满各处。巴利
892.Rattambarapītavāsasāhīti rattavatthāhi ceva pītavatthāhi ca. Ekā hi rattaṃ dibbavatthaṃ nivāsetvā pītaṃ uttariyaṃ karoti, aparā pītaṃ nivāsetvā rattaṃ uttariyaṃ karoti. Taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘rattambarapītavāsasāhī’’ti . Agarupiyaṅgucandanussadāhīti agarugandhena piyaṅgumālāhi candanagandhehi ca ussadāhi, ussannadibbāgarugandhādikāhīti attho. Kañcanatanusannibhattacāhīti kanakasadisasukhumacchavīhi. Paripūranti tahaṃ tahaṃ vicarantīhi saṅgītipasutāhi ca paripuṇṇaṃ.
893 这里有很多:就是此处众多。种种形色:就是各种不同的样貌。以花饰庄严:就是用天界的各种花特别装饰,为了散发香气而佩戴的天界饰物。在此:就是在这座宫殿里。心意愉悦:就是心地美好、欢喜振奋。被风释放而飘散芳香:就是那些被风释放出香气的花,像被风吹开的叶束一样,因为舒展绽放而散发妙香。也有人读作“anilapadhūpitā”,意思是金制的花被风轻轻吹动。以金丝织成:就是用金线等织入发辫等装饰中。金饰覆盖:就是身体大部分被黄金饰品遮盖。男女:就是许多天子和天女,这里是说他们就在你的宫殿里。巴利
893.Bahuketthāti bahukā ettha. Anekavaṇṇāti nānārūpā. Kusamavibhūsitābharaṇāti visesato surabhivāyanatthaṃ dibbakusumehi alaṅkatadibbābharaṇā. Etthāti etasmiṃ vimāne. Sumanāti sundaramanā pamuditacittā. Anilapamuñcitā pavanti surabhinti anilena pamuñcitagandhānaṃ pupphānaṃ vāyunā vimuttapattapuṭaṃ viya vibandhatāya vikasitatāya ca sugandhaṃ pavāyanti. ‘‘Anilapadhūpitā’’tipi paṭhanti, vātena mandaṃ āvuyhamānā hemamayapupphāti attho. Kanakacīrakādīhi veṇiādīsu otatatāya tapaniyavitatā. Yebhuyyena kañcanābharaṇehi acchāditasarīratāya suvaṇṇachannā. Naranāriyoti devaputtā devadhītaro ca bahukā ettha tava vimāneti dasseti.
894 iṅgha是表示催促之义的不变词。被问就是被询问。这句话的用意是:为了让这广大民众能够亲眼见到业果。巴利
894.Iṅghāti codanatthe nipāto puṭṭhoti pucchito imassa mahājanassa kammaphalapaccakkhabhāvāyāti adhippāyo.
于是,那位天子用这些偈颂作了回答:巴利
Tato devaputto imāhi gāthāhi byākāsi –
他亲自在这条路上遇见了那位青年,出于悲悯,导师给了他教导。
恰达听了你那位宝胜者的法后,说道:我会去做的。巴利
‘‘Sayamidha pathe samecca māṇavena, satthānusāsi anukampamāno; Tava ratanavarassa dhammaṃ sutvā, karissāmīti ca bravittha chatto.
应当去亲近最殊胜的胜者作为皈依处,也同样要皈依法和比丘僧团。
尊者,起初我说了“不”,但后来我确实照您的话去做了。巴利
‘‘Jinavarapavaraṃ upehi saraṇaṃ, dhammañcāpi tatheva bhikkhusaṅghaṃ; Noti paṭhamaṃ avocahaṃ bhante, pacchā te vacanaṃ tathevakāsiṃ.
勿行种种不净之杀生,
智者不赞于众生无制。
尊者,起初我说了“不”,后来我确实照您的话去做了。巴利
‘‘Mā ca pāṇavadhaṃ vividhaṃ carassu asuciṃ, Na hi pāṇesu asaññataṃ avaṇṇayiṃsu sappaññā; Noti paṭhamaṃ avocahaṃ bhante, pacchā te vacanaṃ tathevakāsiṃ.
不要把他人的守护之物,当成是自己可以拿走的、别人没给的东西。
尊者,起初我说了“不”,后来我确实照您的话去做了。巴利
‘‘Mā ca parajanassa rakkhitampi, ādātabbamamaññitho adinnaṃ; Noti paṭhamaṃ avocahaṃ bhante, pacchā te vacanaṃ tathevakāsiṃ.
不要去接近别人守护的、属于别人的妻子,这是不道德的行为。
尊者,起初我说了“不”,后来我确实照您的话去做了。巴利
‘‘Mā ca parajanassa rakkhitāyo, parabhariyā agamā anariyametaṃ; Noti paṭhamaṃ avocahaṃ bhante, pacchā te vacanaṃ tathevakāsiṃ.
不要说虚假不实、歪曲事实的话,因为智者确实从不称赞妄语。
尊者,起初我说了“不”,后来我确实照您的话去做了。巴利
‘‘Mā ca vitathaṃ aññathā abhāṇi, na hi musāvādaṃ avaṇṇayiṃsu sappaññā; Noti paṭhamaṃ avocahaṃ bhante, pacchā te vacanaṃ tathevakāsiṃ.
凡是会让人的想消失的那种酒,你都应当完全避开。
尊者,我最初说了“不”,后来我确实完全照您的话去做了。巴利
‘‘Yena ca purisassa apeti saññā, taṃ majjaṃ parivajjayassu sabbaṃ; Noti paṭhamaṃ avocahaṃ bhante, pacchā te vacanaṃ tathevakāsiṃ.
我在这里受持了五条学处,依照如来的法去实践;
我走到岔路口,夹在盗贼中间;他们为了钱财,就在那里把我杀了。巴利
‘‘Svāhaṃ idha pañca sikkhā karitvā, paṭipajjitvā tathāgatassa dhamme; Dvepathamagamāsiṃ coramajjhe, te maṃ tattha vadhiṃsu bhogahetu.
我能回忆起的善行就只有这么多,除此之外,我再也找不到别的善行。
因为那个善行,我投生到了三十三天,成为一个享受欲乐的天人。巴利
‘‘Ettakamidaṃ anussarāmi kusalaṃ, tato paraṃ na me vijjati aññaṃ; Tena sucaritena kammunāhaṃ, uppanno tidivesu kāmakāmī.
看哪,刹那须臾能自制者,随法修行之果报;
卑劣业人见其名声如火焰般显赫,便贪求种种欲乐。巴利
‘‘Passa khaṇamuhuttasaññamassa, anudhammappaṭipattiyā vipākaṃ; Jalamiva yasasā samekkhamānā, bahukāmaṃ pihayanti hīnakammā.
你看,仅仅听了一小段说法,我就转生到了善趣,还得到了快乐。
那些一直听闻正法的人,我想他们触达不死的安稳。巴利
‘‘Passa katipayāya desanāya, sugatiñcamhi gato sukhañca patto; Ye ca te satataṃ suṇanti dhammaṃ, maññe te amataṃ phusanti khemaṃ.
在如来法中,哪怕只做了一点点善行,也会带来广大的果报。
看,因为所积的福德,他的华盖照耀大地,就像太阳一样。巴利
‘‘Appampi kataṃ mahāvipākaṃ, vipulaṃ hoti tathāgatassa dhamme; Passa katapuññatāya chatto, obhāseti pathaviṃ yathāpi sūriyo.
“ 什么是善?我们该怎么做?”有些人聚在一起这样商量。
我们既然又得到了人身,就该好好修行,安住在持戒的生活里。巴利
‘‘Kimidaṃ kusalaṃ kimācarema, icceke hi samecca mantayanti; Te mayaṃ punareva laddha mānusattaṃ, paṭipannā viharemu sīlavanto.
导师是带来许多利益、心怀悲悯的,我这样忆念着,白天时分就出发了。
我已来到具足真实之名者的跟前,请您慈悲,让我们再听一次法。巴利
‘‘Bahukāro anukampako ca satthā, iti me sati agamā divā divassa; Svāhaṃ upagatomhi saccanāmaṃ, anukampassu punapi suṇemha dhammaṃ.
“ 凡是能在这一世舍弃欲贪,并断除有贪随眠与痴的人,
他们也不会再入母胎,因为他们已经般涅槃,已经清凉了。”巴利
‘‘Ye cidha pajahanti kāmarāgaṃ, bhavarāgānusayañca pahāya mohaṃ; Na ca te puna mupenti gabbhaseyyaṃ, parinibbānagatā hi sītibhūtā’’ti.
895 其中,“自己在这条路上与青年相遇”的意思是:在这里,就在这条大路上,与那位自己前来的青年——也就是婆罗门童子——相遇。世尊作为导师,能根据众生的根机,教导他们现世的利益、来世的利益和究竟的利益。您出于悲悯,摄受那位婆罗门青年,如法地教诫他。我听闻了您——最胜无上的正自觉者——的教法后,将这样去做:我会按照您所教诫的去实行。这位名叫“伞”的婆罗门青年这样说了。以上是逐句解释。巴利
895. Tattha sayamidha pathe samecca māṇavenāti idha imasmiṃ pathe mahāmagge sayameva upagatena māṇavena brāhmaṇakumārena samecca samāgantvā. Diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi sattānaṃ yathārahamanusāsanato satthā bhagavā, tvaṃ yaṃ māṇavaṃ yathādhammaṃ anusāsi anukampamāno anuggaṇhanto, tava ratanavarassa aggaratanassa sammāsambuddhassa, taṃ dhammaṃ sutvā iti evaṃ karissāmi yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjissāmīti, so chatto chattanāmako māṇavo bravittha kathesīti padayojanā.
896 896. 像这样,先从业的原因角度说明了前面所问的业之后,现在为了从它的本质和分类两方面来显示它,并指出被导师劝发的情形以及自己后来对此确立的情形,便说出“胜者最优胜……”等话。其中,“不”的意思是:尊者,世尊您被问“你知道皈依吗?”时,我最初回答说“不”,也就是说“我不知道”。后面“后来我如实照做了您的话”的意思是:后来我按照您所说的去做,如实照做、依教奉行,也就是皈依了三宝。巴利
896. Evaṃ yathāpucchitaṃ kammaṃ kāraṇato dassetvā idāni taṃ sarūpato vibhāgato ca dassento satthārā samādapitabhāvaṃ attanā ca tattha pacchā patiṭṭhitabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘jinavarapavara’’ntiādimāha. Tattha noti paṭhamaṃ avocahaṃ bhanteti bhante bhagavā ‘‘saraṇagamanaṃ jānāsī’’ti tayā vutto ‘‘no’’ti na ‘‘jānāmī’’ti paṭhamaṃ avocaṃ ahaṃ. Pacchā te vacanaṃ tathevakāsinti pacchā tayā vuttaṃ kathaṃ parivattento tava vacanaṃ tatheva akāsiṃ paṭipajjiṃ, tīṇipi saraṇāni upagacchinti attho.
897 “种种”是指有高有低,也就是过失轻和过失重的意思。“不要做”就是别去做。“不净”是因为混杂了烦恼的污秽,所以不清净。“对众生不防护”是指没有远离杀生。“确实不称赞”:这里用过去时的说法表达现在的时间。或者也可以说,“不称赞”是用一部分来代表全部时间,意思是:就像过去不称赞,现在也不称赞,未来也不会称赞。巴利
897.Vividhanti uccāvacaṃ, appasāvajjaṃ mahāsāvajjañcāti attho. Mā carassūti mā akāsi. Asucinti kilesāsucimissatāya na suciṃ. Pāṇesu asaññatanti pāṇaghātato avirataṃ. Na hi avaṇṇayiṃsūti na hi vaṇṇayanti. Paccūppannakālatthe hi idaṃ atītakālavacanaṃ. Atha vā ‘‘avaṇṇayiṃsū’’ti ekadesena sakalassa kālassa upalakkhaṇaṃ, tasmā yathā na vaṇṇayiṃsu atītamaddhānaṃ, evaṃ etarahipi na vaṇṇayanti, anāgatepi na vaṇṇayissantīti vuttaṃ hoti.
898-900 他人所守护的,是指属于他人所有、被他人执持的东西。因此说未予。不应行,就是不应邪行。虚妄,就是不真实,意思是妄语。异样,就是正是另外的样子;怀着虚妄之想,明知是虚妄,却这样想,意思是不要这样说。巴利
898-900.Parajanassa rakkhitanti parapariggahitavatthu. Tenāha ‘‘adinna’’nti. Mā agamāti mā ajjhācari. Vitathanti atathaṃ, musāti attho. Aññathāti aññathāva, vitathasaññī evaṃ vitathanti jānanto evaṃ mā bhaṇīti attho.
901 以此是指以那种酒,也就是饮酒的意思。离去是指消失。想是指对法的想,或者就是对世间的想。一切是指毫无剩余,意思是从种子开始就彻底断除。巴利
901.Yenāti yena majjena, pītenāti adhippāyo. Apetīti vigacchati. Saññāti dhammasaññā, lokasaññā eva vā. Sabbanti anavasesaṃ, bījato paṭṭhāyāti attho.
902 “我曾是”(Svāhaṃ)的意思是:那时身为伞盖婆罗门青年的我。“在此”(idha),指在这段路上,或者在你的教法中。因此说“在如来的法中”。“五学处”就是五戒。“做”是指领受、决意受持。“两路”是指两座村庄边界正中间的那条路,也就是边界路。“他们”是指那些盗贼。“在那里”就是在边界路上。“为了财物”是为了那点物质利益。巴利
902.Svāhanti so tadā chattamāṇavabhūto ahaṃ. Idha imasmiṃ maggapadese, imasmiṃ vā tava sāsane. Tenāha ‘‘tathāgatassa dhamme’’ti. Pañca sikkhāti pañca sīlāni. Karitvāti ādiyitvā, adhiṭṭhāyāti attho. Dvepathanti dvinnaṃ gāmasīmānaṃ vemajjhabhūtaṃ pathaṃ, sīmantarikapathanti attho. Teti te corā. Tatthāti sīmantarikamagge. Bhogahetūti āmisakiñcikkhanimittaṃ.
903 从此的意思是:除了所说的善之外,没有别的善可找到、可得,这是我能回忆起的。欲乐者是指具足所欲的欲乐之人。巴利
903.Tatoti yathāvuttakusalato paraṃ upari aññaṃ kusalaṃ na vijjati na upalabbhati, yamahaṃ anussareyyanti attho. Kāmakāmīti yathicchitakāmaguṇasamaṅgī.
904 “刹那须臾节制”是指戒行只持续一刹那、须臾那么短的时间。“随法修行”的意思是:世尊看到那些随顺所证果位相应之法而修行的人;或者,通过随顺教诫之法的修行,也就是按照所说的规则皈依和受戒。“如火焰般以名声”是指以神通和眷属的圆满而光耀,就像火焰燃烧一样。“观看”就是看着。“众多”就是很多。“羡慕”是指他们心里渴望:“我们怎样才能也成为那样的人呢?”“低劣业行”是指与我的成就相比,他们的财富低下微劣。巴利
904.Khaṇamuhuttasaññamassāti khaṇamuhuttamattaṃ pavattasīlassa. Anudhammappaṭipattiyāti yathādhigatassa phalassa anurūpadhammaṃ paṭipajjamānassa bhagavā passa, tuyhaṃ ovādadhammassa vā anurūpāya dhammapaṭipattiyā vuttaniyāmeneva saraṇagamanassa sīlasamādānassa cāti attho. Jalamiva yasasāti iddhiyā parivārasampattiyā ca jalantaṃ viya. Samekkhamānāti passantā. Bahukāti bahavo. Pihayantīti ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho mayaṃ edisā bhaveyyāmā’’ti patthenti. Hīnakammāti mama sampattito nihīnabhogā.
905 “Katipayāya”是指很少。“Ye”是指那些比丘和近事男等人。“ca”这个词表示区别。“Te”是指你的。“Satataṃ”是指日复一日。巴利
905.Katipayāyāti appikāya. Yeti ye bhikkhū ceva upāsakādayo ca. Ca-saddo byatireke. Teti tava. Satatanti divase divase.
906 “广大”是指殊胜的果报和广大的威力。“在如来的法中”连起来理解就是:安住于如来的教法和教诫中而做的。像这样,原本以不指向特定对象的方式所说的义理,现在以指向自身的方式开示,所以说“看哪”等话。其中,“看哪”是对世尊说的,或者是把自己当作别人一样来说的。巴利
906.Vipulanti uḷāraphalaṃ vipulānubhāvaṃ. Tathāgatassa dhammeti tathāgatassa sāsane ovāde ṭhatvā katanti yojanā. Evaṃ anuddesikavasena vuttamevatthaṃ attuddesikavasena dassento ‘‘passā’’tiādimāha. Tattha passāti bhagavantaṃ vadati, attānameva vā aññaṃ viya ca katvā vadati.
907 “什么是善?我们该怎样修善?”——所谓善,它的本性是什么?是什么样子?我们又该怎么去修它?有些人聚在一起商量这件事时,就像要把大地翻过来、把须弥山举起来一样,把它当成极难做到的事来讨论、思量。而我们的意思是:我们应该轻轻松松就能再次修善。所以接下来才说“我们”等等。巴利
907.Kimidaṃkusalaṃ kimācaremāti kusalaṃ nāmetaṃ kiṃsabhāvaṃ kīdisaṃ, kathaṃ vā taṃ ācareyyāma. Icceke hi samecca mantayantīti evameke samecca samāgantvā pathaviṃ parivattentā viya sineruṃ ukkhipantā viya ca sudukkaraṃ katvā mantayanti vicārenti, mayaṃ pana akiccheneva punapi kusalaṃ ācareyyāmāti adhippāyo. Tenevāha ‘‘maya’’ntiādi.
908 “多所饶益”是指有大利益、大恩惠。“具悲悯者”是指有悲心的人。“ma”是连音字。“如此”是这样,是针对世尊对待自己的方式而说的。“当我尚在”是指我还在、还活着的时候,意思是在未被盗贼杀害的时候。“白天的白天”是指白天的清晨时分,也就是一大早的意思。“我”是指我,那个曾是差摩青年的我。“真实之名”是指以“世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者”等名号,不虚妄之名、具真实义之名。“请您垂悯”是指请您摄受、护念。“还要再”是指我们还要再听,意思是我们还要再聆听您的法。巴利
908.Bahukāroti bahūpakāro, mahāupakāro vā. Anukampakoti kāruṇiko. Ma-kāro padasandhikaro. Itīti evaṃ, bhagavato attani paṭipannākāraṃ sandhāya vadati. Me satīti mayi sati vijjamāne, corehi avadhite evāti attho. Divā divassāti divasassapi divā, kālassevāti attho. Svāhanti so chattamāṇavabhūto ahaṃ. Saccanāmanti ‘‘bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’tiādināmehi avitathanāmaṃ bhūtatthanāmaṃ. Anukampassūti anuggaṇhāhi. Punapīti bhiyyopi suṇemu, tava dhammaṃ suṇeyyāmayevāti attho.
天子站在知恩图报的立场上,说出这一切,是在表达:他对亲近侍奉导师和听闻正法,始终感到不满足。世尊观察了天子和聚集在那里的众人的心意倾向后,便作了次第说法。随后,世尊知道他们的心已经柔软,就开示了逐步提升的殊胜法义。说法结束时,天子连同他的父母都证得了入流果,在场的大众也生起了对法的现观。巴利
Evaṃ devaputto sabbametaṃ kataññutābhāve ṭhatvā satthu payirupāsane ca dhammassavane ca atittimeva dīpento vadati. Bhagavā devaputtassa ca tattha sannipatitaparisāya ca ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā anupubbikathaṃ kathesi. Atha nesaṃ allacittataṃ ñatvā sāmukkaṃsikaṃ dhammadesanaṃ pakāsesi. Desanāpariyosāne devaputto ceva mātāpitaro cassa sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahiṃsu, mahato ca janakāyassa dhammābhisamayo ahosi.
909 证得初果的天子,为了说明自己对更高道果的殷重心,以及证得那些道果的巨大利益,说出了以“ye cidha pajahanti kāmarāgaṃ”结尾的偈颂。它的意思是:那些安住在此教法中的人,彻底断除、根绝了欲贪,因为他们已经断尽了下分结,所以不再入胎。而那些断除了愚痴、完全灭尽了有贪随眠的人,根本谈不上还会再入胎。为什么呢?因为他们已经般涅槃,已经清凉。那些上人已在无余涅槃界中般涅槃,就在此生,一切感受、一切热恼都已止息,归于清凉。巴利
909. Paṭhamaphale patiṭṭhito devaputto uparimaggesu attano garucittīkāraṃ, tadadhigamassa ca mahānisaṃsataṃ vibhāvento ‘‘ye cidha pajahanti kāmarāga’’nti pariyosānagāthamāha. Tassattho – ye idha imasmiṃ sāsane ṭhitā pajahanti anavasesato samucchindanti kāmarāgaṃ, na ca te puna upentigabbhaseyyaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ samucchinnattā. Ye ca pana pahāya mohaṃ sabbaso samugghātetvā bhavarāgānusayañca pajahanti, te puna upenti gabbhaseyyanti vattabbameva natthi. Kasmā? Parinibbānagatā hi sītibhūtā, te hi uttamapurisā anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbānaṃ gatā evaṃ idheva sabbavedayitānaṃ sabbapariḷāhānaṃ byantibhāvena sītibhūtā.
天子这样表明自己已经证入圣流,又以无余涅槃界作为开示的顶点,向世尊顶礼、右绕致敬,对比丘僧团表达恭敬,然后辞别父母,就回到天界去了。世尊也起身离座,和比丘僧团一起离开。那位年轻人的父母、婆罗门沸伽罗娑罗以及所有大众,跟随世尊走了一段路,然后转身回去。世尊回到祇园后,为聚集的大众详细讲述了这座天宫的因缘。那次开示让大众得到了利益。巴利
Iti devaputto attano ariyasotasamāpannabhāvaṃ pavedento anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā desanāya kūṭaṃ gahetvā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā bhikkhusaṅghassa apacitiṃ dassetvā mātāpitaro āpucchitvā devalokameva gato, satthāpi uṭṭhāyāsanā gato saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena. Māṇavassa pana mātāpitaro brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti sabbo ca mahājano bhagavantaṃ anugantvā nivatti. Bhagavā jetavanaṃ gantvā sannipatitāya parisāya imaṃ vimānaṃ vitthārato kathesi. Sā desanā mahājanassa sātthikā ahosīti.
螃蟹汁布施者天宫注释巴利
4. Kakkaṭakarasadāyakavimānavaṇṇanā
高耸的摩尼柱天宫,就是《螃蟹汁施者天宫》。它的来历是什么?世尊住在王舍城竹林精舍。那时,有一位比丘正在精进修观,却被耳痛折磨,身体不适,没法继续用功修观。虽然按照医生说的办法用了药,病还是没有消退。他把这件事禀告了世尊。世尊知道螃蟹汁饭对他合适,就说:比丘,你去摩揭陀的田野里乞食吧。巴利
Uccamidaṃmaṇithūṇaṃ vimānanti kakkaṭakarasadāyakavimānaṃ. Tassa kā uppatti? Bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane. Tena samayena aññataro bhikkhu āraddhavipassako kaṇṇasūlena pīḷito akallasarīratāya vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetuṃ nāsakkhi, vejjehi vuttavidhinā bhesajje katepi rogo na vūpasami. So bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Athassa bhagavā ‘‘kakkaṭakarasabhojanaṃ sappāya’’nti ñatvā āha ‘‘gaccha tvaṃ bhikkhu magadhakhette piṇḍāya carāhī’’ti.
那位比丘心想:“具有长远眼的世尊一定看到了什么。”于是说:“好的,尊者。”答应世尊后,他顶礼世尊,拿着钵和衣,前往摩揭陀的田地,来到一位田守的小屋门口,站在那里乞食。那位田守正好煮好了螃蟹汁,也煮好了饭,心想“稍微休息一下再吃”,就坐了下来。他看见长老,接过钵,请长老进小屋坐下,供养了螃蟹汁拌饭。长老才吃了少许,耳痛就止息了,就像用一百壶水沐浴过一样。他因为吃了适合的食物,身心舒畅,又借着修观的力量引导自心,饭还没吃完,就把所有烦恼断尽无余,安住在阿拉汉果位。他对田守说:“近事男,吃了你供养的团食,我的病已经平息,身心都变得适合(修行)。你也会凭这份功德的果报,远离身心的痛苦。”说完随喜之后,就离开了。巴利
So bhikkhu ‘‘dīghadassinā addhā kiñci diṭṭhaṃ bhavissatī’’ti cintetvā ‘‘sādhu bhante’’ti bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā pattacīvaramādāya magadhakhettaṃ gantvā aññatarassa khettapālassa kuṭiyā dvāre piṇḍāya aṭṭhāsi. So ca khettapālo kakkaṭakarasaṃ sampādetvā bhattañca pacitvā ‘‘thokaṃ vissamitvā bhuñjissāmī’’ti nisinno theraṃ disvā pattaṃ gahetvā kuṭikāyaṃ nisīdāpetvā kakkaṭakarasabhattaṃ adāsi. Therassa taṃ bhattaṃ thokaṃ bhuttassayeva kaṇṇasūlaṃ paṭippassambhi, ghaṭasatena nhāto viya ahosi . So sappāyāhāravasena cittaphāsukaṃ labhitvā vipassanāvasena cittaṃ abhininnāmento apariyositeyeva bhojane anavasesato āsave khepetvā arahatte patiṭṭhāya khettapālaṃ āha ‘‘upāsaka, tava piṇḍapātabhojanena mayhaṃ rogo vūpasanto, kāyacittaṃ kallaṃ jātaṃ, tvampi imassa puññassa phalena vigatakāyacittadukkho bhavissasī’’ti vatvā anumodanaṃ katvā pakkāmi.
田守后来去世,投生到三十三天,在十二由旬的摩尼柱、装饰着七百座尖顶楼阁的黄金天宫中,出生在琉璃做成的内室里。天宫大门上,一只金螃蟹垂挂在珍珠串上,显示他过去所造的业。这时,具寿大目犍连像前面说的那样来到那里,看见之后,用这些偈颂问他:巴利
Khettapālo aparena samayena kālaṃ katvā tāvatiṃsabhavane dvādasayojanike maṇithambhe kanakavimāne sattasatakūṭāgārapaṭimaṇḍite veḷuriyamayagabbhe nibbatti, dvāre cassa yathūpacitakammasaṃsūcako muttāsikkāgato suvaṇṇakakkaṭako olambamāno aṭṭhāsi. Athāyasmā mahāmoggallāno pubbe vuttanayena tattha gato taṃ disvā imāhi gāthāhi pucchi –
这座天宫高耸,以摩尼宝柱为饰,四周方圆十二由旬。
七百座尖顶楼阁,高大宏伟,琉璃为柱,金箔覆顶,美妙庄严。巴利
‘‘Uccamidaṃ maṇithūṇaṃ vimānaṃ, samantato dvādasa yojanāni; Kūṭāgārā sattasatā uḷārā, veḷuriyathambhā rucakatthatā subhā.
你在那里待着,又喝又吃,天界的琵琶还奏出悦耳的声音;
这里有天界的妙味与五种欲乐,又有身覆金缕的天女翩翩起舞。巴利
‘‘Tatthacchasi pivasi khādasi ca, dibbā ca vīṇā pavadanti vagguṃ; Dibbā rasā kāmaguṇettha pañca, nāriyo ca naccanti suvaṇṇachannā.
“ 你因何而有如此容色?你在此因何成就?
凡是心所喜爱的种种受用,皆会为你生起。巴利
‘‘Kena tetādiso vaṇṇo, kena te idha mijjhati; Uppajjanti ca te bhogā, ye keci manaso piyā.
“ 我请问你,具大神力的天人:你生为人身时,修了什么福德?
你因何而具有如此炽燃的威神,你的容色又为何能照亮所有方向?”巴利
‘‘Pucchāmi taṃ deva mahānubhāva, manussabhūto kimakāsi puññaṃ; Kenāsi evaṃ jalitānubhāvo, vaṇṇo ca te sabbadisā pabhāsatī’’ti.
他也回答了他。为了说明这一点——巴利
Sopissa byākāsi, taṃ dassetuṃ –
那位天子被目犍连尊者一问,心里很满意,
被问到问题时,他回答说:这是那种业的果报。这是经中所说。巴利
‘‘So devaputto attamano, moggallānena pucchito; Pañhaṃ puṭṭho viyākāsi, yassa kammassidaṃ phala’’nti. – vuttaṃ;
能令正念生起,如同螃蟹守在门口。
纯金打造完成,十脚螃蟹光彩照人。巴利
‘‘Satisamuppādakaro , dvāre kakkaṭako ṭhito; Niṭṭhito jātarūpassa, sobhati dasapādako.
因为那样,我才有这样的色相;因为那样,我在这里才有所成就。
各种让我心里喜欢的东西,都会来到我身边。巴利
‘‘Tena metādiso vaṇṇo, tena me idha mijjhati; Uppajjanti ca me bhogā, ye keci manaso piyā.
“ 大威德的比丘啊,我告诉你:你生而为人时所作的福德;
由此我具这般炽盛的威光,我的容色亦遍照一切方所。”巴利
‘‘Akkhāmi te bhikkhu mahānubhāva, manussabhūto yamakāsi puññaṃ; Tenamhi evaṃ jalitānubhāvo, vaṇṇo ca me sabbadisā pabhāsatī’’ti.
910 在这里,“高”是指极高。“宝柱”是指由红莲宝石等宝石做成的柱子。“周围”是指四个侧面。“铺金板”是指每一层地面都用金板铺成。巴利
910. Tattha uccanti accuggataṃ. Maṇithūṇanti padumarāgādimaṇimayathambhaṃ. Samantatoti catūsupi passesu. Rucakatthatāti tassaṃ tassaṃ bhūmiyaṃ suvaṇṇaphalakehi atthatā.
911 你喝、你吃这句话,是指按时享用的香饮和甘露般的食物。演奏就是弹奏的意思。此处有五种天妙之味和欲乐是说:在这里,在你的天宫中,具足种种天界的妙味和众多的五种欲乐对象。金覆盖是指以黄金饰品庄严装饰。巴利
911.Pivasi khādasi cāti kālena kālaṃ upayujjamānaṃ gandhapānaṃ sudhābhojanañca sandhāya vadati. Pavadantīti pavajjanti. Dibbā rasā kāmaguṇettha pañcāti dibbā rasā anappakā pañca kāmaguṇā ettha etasmiṃ tava vimāne saṃvijjantīti attho. Suvaṇṇachannāti hemābharaṇavibhūsitā.
915 能让念生起的人,就是能促使正念生起的人。意思是:我凭哪种福业得到了这份天界的成就,就对那件事生起正念——比如“你是因为布施螃蟹汁,才得到这份成就的”——这样促使正念生起,就是这里的意思。“黄金已完成”,是说由黄金所成,也就是纯金打造的。两侧各有五只脚,加起来十只脚,所以说“十脚”。这只螃蟹立在门边,光彩夺目。它正是在向这样伟大的大仙人们显明我那福业;这里我已经不必再多说什么了——这就是他的用意。所以他说“由此我得到这样的容貌”等等。其余部分和前面说的一样。巴利
915.Satisamuppādakaroti satuppādakaro, yena puññakammena ayaṃ dibbasampatti mayā laddhā, tattha satuppādassa kārako, ‘‘kakkaṭakarasadānena ayaṃ tayā sampatti laddhā’’ti evaṃ satuppādaṃ karontoti attho. Niṭṭhito jātarūpassāti jātarūpena siddho jātarūpamayo. Ekamekasmiṃ passe pañca pañca katvā dasa pādā etassāti dasapādako dvāre kakkaṭako ṭhito sobhati. So eva mama puññakammaṃ tādisānaṃ mahesīnaṃ vibhāveti, na ettha mayā vattabbaṃ atthīti adhippāyo. Tenāha ‘‘tena metādiso vaṇṇo’’tiādi. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
守门者天宫的注释巴利
5. Dvārapālakavimānavaṇṇanā
“这宝柱真高啊”,说的是守门者的天宫。它的来历是怎样的呢?世尊住在王舍城竹林精舍。那时候,王舍城有一位近事男,每天固定向僧团供养四份饭食。可是他的房子在城边,因为怕盗贼,大门大多数时候都关着。比丘们去了,有时因为门关着,没拿到饭就回去了。近事男对妻子说:“贤妻,你们有没有认真给尊者们供饭?”她说:“有些日子尊者们没来。”“为什么?”“我猜是因为门关着。”近事男听了,心生警醒,就找了一个人当守门人,安排他说:“从今天起,你坐在这里守门。尊者们来的时候,就让他们进来。进来之后,接钵、递水、铺座位等等,所有这些该做的事,你都要知道怎么做。”那人答应“好”,就照办了。他在比丘们跟前听法,生起信心,相信业果,皈依三宝,受持戒律,恭敬地服侍比丘们。巴利
Uccamidaṃmaṇithūṇanti dvārapālakavimānaṃ. Tassa kā uppatti? Bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane. Tena ca samayena rājagahe aññataro upāsako cattāri niccabhattāni saṅghassa deti. Tassa pana gehaṃ pariyante ṭhitaṃ corabhayena yebhuyyena pihitadvārameva hoti. Bhikkhū gantvā kadāci dvārassa pihitattā bhattaṃ aladdhāva paṭigacchanti. Upāsako bhariyaṃ āha ‘‘kiṃ, bhadde, ayyānaṃ sakkaccaṃ bhikkhā dīyatī’’ti? Sā āha ‘‘ekesu divasesu ayyā nāgamiṃsū’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ kāraṇa’’nti? ‘‘Dvārassa pihitattā maññe’’ti. Taṃ sutvā upāsako saṃvegappatto hutvā ekaṃ purisaṃ dvārapālaṃ katvā ṭhapesi ‘‘tvaṃ ajjato paṭṭhāya dvāraṃ rakkhanto nisīda, yadā ca ayyā āgamissanti, tadā te pavesetvā paviṭṭhānaṃ nesaṃ pattapaṭiggahaṇaāsanapaññāpanādi sabbaṃ yuttapayuttaṃ jānāhī’’ti. So ‘‘sādhū’’ti tathā karonto bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammaṃ sutvā uppannasaddho kammaphalaṃ saddahitvā saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhahi, sakkaccaṃ bhikkhū upaṭṭhahi.
后来,那位每天固定供养食物的男居士去世后,投生到了夜摩天。而那个守门人因为认真恭敬地服侍比丘们,又在别人布施时帮忙做事、随喜功德,死后投生到了三十三天。他有一座十二由旬大的黄金天宫,这些内容都按照《螃蟹天宫》里讲的那样来理解。问答的偈颂是这样传下来的——巴利
Aparabhāge niccabhattadāyako upāsako kālaṃ katvā yāmesu nibbatti. Dvārapālo pana sakkaccaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ upaṭṭhahitvā parassa pariccāge veyyāvaccakaraṇena anumodanena ca tāvatiṃsesu uppajji. Tassa dvādasayojanikaṃ kanakavimānantiādi sabbaṃ kakkaṭakavimāne vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Pucchāvissajjanagāthā evamāgatā –
这座天宫高耸,宝柱林立,四周宽达十二由旬。
七百座尖顶楼阁,高大宏伟,琉璃作柱,金板铺地,光彩庄严。巴利
‘‘Uccamidaṃ maṇithūṇaṃ vimānaṃ, samantato dvādasa yojanāni; Kūṭāgārā sattasatā uḷārā, veḷuriyathambhā rucakatthatā subhā.
你在那里住、喝、吃嚼,天界的琵琶奏出悦耳的声音;
这里有天界的妙味与五种欲乐,又有身覆金缕的天女翩翩起舞。巴利
‘‘Tatthacchasi pivasi khādasi ca, dibbā ca vīṇā pavadanti vagguṃ; Dibbā rasā kāmaguṇettha pañca, nāriyo ca naccanti suvaṇṇachannā.
920 你是因为造了什么业,才得到这样的容貌?……你的容貌为什么能遍照一切方向?巴利
920. ‘‘Kena tetādiso vaṇṇo…pe… vaṇṇo ca te sabbadisā pabhāsatī’’ti.
922 那位天子很满意……“这是什么业所感得的果报?”巴利
922. ‘‘So devaputto attamano…pe… yassa kammassidaṃ phalaṃ’’.
我的寿命神圣,长达千年,由言语称颂,由心意推动;
修到这种程度,具足福业的人就能安住下来,并且拥有天界的种种欲乐。巴利
‘‘Dibbaṃ mamaṃ vassasahassamāyu, vācābhigītaṃ manasā pavattitaṃ; Ettāvatā ṭhassati puññakammo, dibbehi kāmehi samaṅgibhūto.
“ 于是,我有了这样的容貌……
我的色相也照耀一切方向。”巴利
‘‘Tena metādiso vaṇṇo…pe… Vaṇṇo ca me sabbadisā pabhāsatī’’ti.
923 923. 其中,“我的天界寿命一千岁”:这是就他自己投生的那个天众群体,也就是那些三十三天的天人的寿量来说的。因为按人间的计算,一百年是他们的一昼夜;以那样的一昼夜,三十夜是一个月;以那样的一个月,十二个月是一年;以那样的一年,一千年是他们的寿命——换算成人间的计算,就是三千万年又六十个十万年(即三千六百万年)。“以言语所诵”:就是用言语诵出,比如“请尊者们过来,这个座位已经铺好,请坐在这里”等等,以及“尊者们的身体安康吗?住处舒适吗?”等等,以殷勤问候之意仅用言语所说。“以心所转起者”:所谓“这些圣者是善良的梵行者、行法者”等,仅仅是以心所转起的净信而已——他借此显示:并非有任何属于我的东西被舍施。“到此程度”:仅凭这样的话语、仅凭净信。“将以福业而住立”:成为“已作福者”,在天界住立、长时转起;住立时,具足天界诸欲,在那个天众群体中,以天人们的嬉戏,具足五种天界欲乐,拥有、具备之后,令诸根享受而住。其余如前所述。巴利
923. Tattha dibbaṃ mamaṃ vassasahassamāyūti yasmiṃ devanikāye sayaṃ uppanno, tesaṃ tāvatiṃsadevānaṃ āyuppamāṇameva vadati. Tesañhi manussānaṃ gaṇanāya vassasataṃ eko rattidivo, tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiko māso, tena māsena dvādasamāsiko saṃvaccharo, tena saṃvaccharena sahassasaṃvaccharāni āyu, taṃ manussānaṃ gaṇanāya tisso vassakoṭiyo saṭṭhi ca vassasatasahassāni honti. Vācābhigītanti vācāya abhigītaṃ, ‘‘āgacchantu ayyā, idaṃ āsanaṃ paññattaṃ, idha nisīdathā’’tiādinā, ‘‘kiṃ ayyānaṃ sarīrassa ārogyaṃ, kiṃ vasanaṭṭhānaṃ phāsuka’’ntiādinā paṭisanthāravasena ca vācāya kathitamattaṃ . Manasā pavattitanti ‘‘ime ayyā pesalā brahmacārino dhammacārino’’tiādinā cittena pavattitaṃ pasādamattaṃ, na pana mama santakaṃ kiñci pariccattaṃ atthīti dasseti. Ettāvatāti ettakena evaṃ kathanamattena pasādamattenapi. Ṭhassati puññakammoti katapuñño nāma hutvā devaloke ṭhassati ciraṃ pavattissati, tiṭṭhanto ca dibbehi kāmehi samaṅgībhūto tasmiṃ devanikāye devānaṃ valañjaniyāmeneva dibbehi pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samaṅgībhūto samannāgato hutvā indriyāni paricārento viharatīti attho. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
6. 第一应作天宫的注释。巴利
6. Paṭhamakaraṇīyavimānavaṇṇanā
这座天宫高耸,有宝石柱,是应作天宫。它的来历是怎样的呢?那时,世尊住在舍卫城的祇园。当时,舍卫城有一位近事男,带着洗浴用具前往阿致罗筏底河沐浴,回来时看见世尊正走进舍卫城托钵乞食,便上前顶礼,问道:“尊者,有谁邀请您了吗?”世尊默然不语。他明白世尊没有受到邀请,就说:“请世尊慈悲,接受我的供养。”世尊以默然表示应允。于是他把世尊带到自己家中,铺设适合佛陀的座位,请世尊坐下,用精美的饮食供养。世尊吃完饭,为他说了随喜的法,然后离去。其余内容与前一则天宫相似。因此这样说——巴利
Uccamidaṃmaṇithūṇanti karaṇīyavimānaṃ. Tassa kā uppatti? Bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane. Tena samayena sāvatthivāsī eko upāsako nhānopakaraṇāni gahetvā aciravatiṃ gantvā nhatvā āgacchanto bhagavantaṃ sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pavisantaṃ disvā upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā evamāha ‘‘bhante kena nimantitā’’ti. Bhagavā tuṇhī ahosi. So kenaci animantitabhāvaṃ ñatvā āha ‘‘adhivāsetu me, bhante, bhagavā bhattaṃ anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. So bhagavantaṃ attano gehaṃ netvā buddhārahaṃ āsanaṃ paññāpetvā tattha bhagavantaṃ nisīdāpetvā paṇītena annapānena santappesi. Bhagavā katabhattakicco tassa anumodanaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Sesaṃ anantaravimānasadisaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ –
926 这座天宫高耸,有宝石做的柱子……天女们披着金色的衣饰,正在翩翩起舞。巴利
926. ‘‘Uccamidaṃ maṇithūṇaṃ vimānaṃ…pe… nāriyo ca naccanti suvaṇṇachannā.
928 你是由于什么样的业,才有这样的容貌?……你的容貌又为什么能照耀一切方向?巴利
928. ‘‘Kena tetādiso vaṇṇo…pe… vaṇṇo ca te sabbadisā pabhāsatī’’ti.
930 那位天子满心欢喜……这是什么样的业所带来的果报。巴利
930. ‘‘So devaputto attamano…pe… yassa kammassidaṃ phalaṃ’’.
有智慧的人、能明辨的人,应当去做那些该做的善行;
在正行于道的诸佛那里,所布施的会得到大果报。巴利
‘‘Karaṇīyāni puññāni, paṇḍitena vijānatā; Sammaggatesu buddhesu, yattha dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ.
佛陀确实是为了我的利益,才从阿兰若来到村庄。
我是在哪里让心生起净信,从而投生到三十三天的呢?巴利
‘‘Atthāya vata me buddho, araññā gāmamāgato; Kattha cittaṃ pasādetvā, tāvatiṃsūpago ahaṃ.
933 以此,我有如此容色……(中略)……我的容色遍照一切方向。巴利
933. ‘‘Tena metādiso vaṇṇo…pe… vaṇṇo ca me sabbadisā pabhāsatī’’ti.
931 在这里,“具慧者”就是指有智慧的人。“了知者”就是指清楚知道什么对自己有利、什么对自己不利的人。“正行者”就是指走在正确修行道路上的人。“觉者”就是指正等正觉的诸佛。巴利
931. Tattha paṇḍitenāti sappaññena. Vijānatāti attano hitāhitaṃ jānantena. Sammaggatesūti sammāpaṭipannesu, buddhesūti sammāsambuddhesu.
932 “Atthāya”的意思是“为了利益”,或者“为了增长”。“Arañña”是指从住处来说,这里说的是祇园。“Tāvatiṃsūpago”是指以投生的方式到了三十三天众,或者投生到三十三天界。剩下的内容,按照前面说的方式理解就好。巴利
932.Atthāyāti hitāya, vuḍḍhiyā vā. Araññāti vihārato, jetavanaṃ sandhāya vadati . Tāvatiṃsūpagoti tāvatiṃsadevakāyaṃ, tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ vā uppajjanavasena upagato. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
7. 第二应作天宫的注释巴利
7. Dutiyakaraṇīyavimānavaṇṇanā
第七座天宫和第六座天宫一样。只是在那里,是一位近事男把食物供养给世尊;在这里,则是供养给某位长老的。其余的解说方式相同。因此说道——巴利
Sattamavimānaṃ chaṭṭhavimānasadisaṃ. Kevalaṃ tattha upāsakena bhagavato āhāro dinno, idha aññatarassa therassa. Esaṃ vuttanayameva. Tena vuttaṃ –
这座宝石柱天宫高耸而立,四周方圆十二由旬。
七百座尖顶楼阁,高大宏伟,琉璃为柱,金箔覆顶,美妙庄严。巴利
‘‘Uccamidaṃ maṇithūṇaṃ vimānaṃ, samantato dvādasa yojanāni; Kūṭāgārā sattasatā uḷārā, veḷuriyathambhā rucakatthatā subhā.
你在那里吃、喝、咀嚼,天界的琵琶奏出悦耳的声音;
这里有天界的妙味与五种欲乐,又有身覆金缕的天女翩翩起舞。巴利
‘‘Tatthacchasi pivasi khādasi ca, dibbā ca vīṇā pavadanti vagguṃ; Dibbā rasā kāmaguṇettha pañca, nāriyo ca naccanti suvaṇṇachannā.
937 你因为什么而有这样的色?……你的色遍照一切方。巴利
937. ‘‘Kena tetādiso vaṇṇo…pe… vaṇṇo ca te sabbadisā pabhāsatīti.
“ 那位天子满心欢喜……中略……这就是他所造之业的果报。”巴利
‘‘So devaputto attamano…pe… yassa kammassidaṃ phalaṃ’’.
有智慧的人应当知道去做那些能带来福报的事。
在正行具足的比丘们当中,布施能带来大果报。巴利
‘‘Karaṇīyāni puññāni, paṇḍitena vijānatā; Sammaggatesu bhikkhūsu, yattha dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ.
这位比丘确实是为了我的利益,才从阿兰若来到村庄。
在那里令心得清净信乐,我便往生三十三天。巴利
‘‘Atthāya vata me bhikkhu, araññā gāmamāgato; Tattha cittaṃ pasādetvā, tāvatiṃsūpago ahaṃ.
942 以此,我有如此容色……(中略)……我的容色遍照一切方向。巴利
942. ‘‘Tena metādiso vaṇṇo…pe… vaṇṇo ca me sabbadisā pabhāsatī’’ti.
8. 第一针天宫的注释巴利
8. Paṭhamasūcivimānavaṇṇanā
这座天宫高耸的宝柱天宫,就是针天宫。它的来历是什么呢?世尊当时住在王舍城的竹林精舍。那时,尊者舍利弗要缝制袈裟,正好需要一根针。他在王舍城托钵乞食时,来到一位铁匠的家门口,站在那里。铁匠看见他,问道:“尊者,您需要什么?”尊者说:“我要缝制袈裟,需要一根针。”铁匠心怀净信,拿了两根已经做好的针送给他,并说:“尊者,以后如果还需要针,请告诉我。”说完,他五体投地礼拜。长老为他随喜祝福后便离开了。后来,铁匠命终,往生到三十三天。那时,尊者大目犍连在天界游历,以这些偈颂向那位天子问道:巴利
Uccamidaṃmaṇithūṇaṃ vimānanti sūcivimānaṃ. Tassa kā uppatti? Bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane. Tena samayena āyasmato sāriputtassa cīvarakammaṃ kātabbaṃ hoti, attho ca hoti sūciyā. So rājagahe piṇḍāya caranto kammārassa gehadvāre aṭṭhāsi. Taṃ disvā kammāro āha ‘‘kena, bhante, attho’’ti? ‘‘Cīvarakammaṃ kātabbaṃ atthi, sūciyā attho’’ti. Kammāro pasannamānaso katapariyositā dve sūciyo datvā ‘‘punapi, bhante, sūciyā atthe sati mama ācikkheyyāthā’’ti vatvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vandi. Thero tassa anumodanaṃ katvā pakkāmi. So aparabhāge kālaṃ katvā tāvatiṃsesu uppajji. Atha āyasmā mahāmoggallāno devacārikaṃ caranto taṃ devaputtaṃ imāhi gāthāhi pucchi –
“ 这座天宫高耸,宝柱耸立……
你的色光明亮,遍照一切方向。”巴利
‘‘Uccamidaṃ maṇithūṇaṃ vimānaṃ…pe… Vaṇṇo ca te sabbadisā pabhāsatī’’ti.
948 那位天子很满意……(中略)……“这是彼业之果报。”巴利
948. ‘‘So devaputto attamano…pe… yassa kammassidaṃ phalaṃ’’.
所布施的不会失去;若能布施,那才更好。
所施之针,唯针更胜。巴利
‘‘Yaṃ dadāti na taṃ hoti, yañceva dajjā tañceva seyyo; Sūci dinnā sūcimeva seyyo.
“ 因为那个,我才有这样的容貌……
我的色相在一切方向都放光。”巴利
‘‘Tena metādiso vaṇṇo…pe… Vaṇṇo ca me sabbadisā pabhāsatī’’ti.
949 在这里,所谓“他布施什么”,是指他布施的是什么样的应施之物。“那并不会成为那样”,是说果报并不会跟所施之物一模一样。实际上,因为福田殊胜和内心殊胜,果报会比所施之物广大得多、殊胜得多。所以,“无论布施什么,那布施本身就更殊胜”,意思是:只要是现有的东西,拿去布施,那布施本身就更殊胜;对任何没有过失的应施之物来说,仅仅布施这件事本身就更殊胜。为什么?因为“我布施了针,针本身就更为殊胜”——对我而言,仅仅是布施针这件事,就已经成了更殊胜的善行,我就是因此才得到了这样的成就。这就是这段话的意思。巴利
949. Tattha yaṃ dadātīti yādisaṃ deyyadhammaṃ dadāti. Na taṃ hotīti tassa tādisameva phalaṃ na hoti. Atha kho khettasampattiyā ca cittasampattiyā ca tato vipulataraṃ uḷāratarameva phalaṃ hoti. Tasmā yañceva dajjā tañceva seyyoti yaṃkiñcideva vijjamānaṃ dajjā dadeyya, tañceva tadeva seyyo, yassa kassaci anavajjassa deyyadhammassa dānameva seyyo, kasmā? Mayā hi sūci dinnā sūcimeva seyyo, sūcidānameva mayhaṃ seyyaṃ jātaṃ, yato ayamīdisī sampatti laddhāti adhippāyo.
9. 第二针天宫注释巴利
9. Dutiyasūcivimānavaṇṇanā
“高耸如柱”说的是第二个针天宫。它的来历是什么?世尊住在王舍城的竹林精舍。那时,王舍城有一个做针的工匠,为了参观精舍而去了竹林精舍。在那里,他看见一位比丘在竹林中用针缝僧衣,就把针和针盒一起布施给了他。其余一切都和前面说的一样。巴利
Uccamidaṃmaṇithūṇanti dutiyasūcivimānaṃ. Tassa kā uppatti? Bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane. Tena samayena rājagahavāsī eko tunnakārako vihārapekkhako hutvā veḷuvanaṃ gato. Tattha aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ veḷuvane katasūciyā cīvaraṃ sibbantaṃ disvā sūcigharena saddhiṃ sūciyo adāsi. Sesaṃ sabbaṃ vuttanayameva.
这座天宫以宝石为柱,高耸宏伟……
你的色相在一切方向都放光——他这样问。巴利
‘‘Uccamidaṃ maṇithūṇaṃ vimānaṃ…pe… Vaṇṇo ca te sabbadisā pabhāsatī’’ti. – pucchi;
那位天子满心欢喜……(中略)……“这是哪种业的果报?”巴利
‘‘So devaputto attamano…pe… yassa kammassidaṃ phalaṃ’’.
‘‘Ahaṃ manussesu manussabhūto, purimajātiyā manussaloke.
我看见一位远离尘垢的比丘,内心清净,没有污浊。
我满怀净信,亲手供养了他一根针。巴利
‘‘Addasaṃ virajaṃ bhikkhuṃ, vippasannamanāvilaṃ; Tassa adāsahaṃ sūciṃ, pasanno sehi pāṇibhi.
“ 以此,我有如此容色……(中略)……我的容色遍照一切方向。”巴利
‘‘Tena metādiso vaṇṇo…pe… vaṇṇo ca me sabbadisā pabhāsatī’’ti.
这一切都和下面说过的完全一样。巴利
Taṃ sabbaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayameva.
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